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Scopus	2-s2.0-84895775109	Satellite-based hybrid drought monitoring tool for prediction of vegetation condition in Eastern Africa: A case study for Ethiopia	Tadesse T., Demisse G.B., Zaitchik B., Dinku T.	2014	Water Resources Research	50	3	10.1002/2013WR014281	National Drought Mitigation Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Nebraska, Lincoln, United States; Earth Science Department, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Piazza, Ethiopia; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; International Research Institute for Climate and Society, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, United States	Tadesse, T., National Drought Mitigation Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Nebraska, Lincoln, United States; Demisse, G.B., Earth Science Department, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Piazza, Ethiopia; Zaitchik, B., Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Dinku, T., International Research Institute for Climate and Society, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, United States	An experimental drought monitoring tool has been developed that predicts the vegetation condition (Vegetation Outlook) using a regression-tree technique at a monthly time step during the growing season in Eastern Africa. This prediction tool (VegOut-Ethiopia) is demonstrated for Ethiopia as a case study. VegOut-Ethiopia predicts the standardized values of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) at multiple time steps (weeks to months into the future) based on analysis of "historical patterns" of satellite, climate, and oceanic data over historical records. The model underlying VegOut-Ethiopia capitalizes on historical climate-vegetation interactions and ocean-climate teleconnections (such as El Niño and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO)) expressed over the 24 year data record and also considers several environmental characteristics (e.g., land cover and elevation) that influence vegetation's response to weather conditions to produce 8 km maps that depict future general vegetation conditions. VegOut-Ethiopia could provide vegetation monitoring capabilities at local, national, and regional levels that can complement more traditional remote sensing-based approaches that monitor "current" vegetation conditions. The preliminary results of this case study showed that the models were able to predict the vegetation stress (both spatial extent and severity) in drought years 1-3 months ahead during the growing season in Ethiopia. The correlation coefficients between the predicted and satellite-observed vegetation condition range from 0.50 to 0.90. Based on the lessons learned from past research activities and emerging experimental forecast models, future studies are recommended that could help Eastern Africa in advancing knowledge of climate, remote sensing, hydrology, and water resources. Key Points Developed new satellite-based prediction model called VegOut-Ethiopia Demonstrated application of VegOut-Ethiopia model to a recent drought year Highlighted future research opportunities under evolving climate conditions © 2014. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.	Drought Monitoring; Remote Sensing; Satellite-observed vegetation; Vegetation Monitoring; Vegetation Prediction	Atmospheric pressure; Climatology; Drought; Forecasting; Remote sensing; Research; Satellites; Vegetation; Water resources; Correlation coefficient; Drought monitoring; Environmental characteristic; Normalized difference vegetation index; Research opportunities; Southern oscillation; Vegetation condition; Vegetation monitoring; Climate models	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893844469	Basin-scale performance of a semidistributed rainfall-runoff model for hydrological predictions and water resources assessment of large rivers: The Congo River	Tshimanga R.M., Hughes D.A.	2014	Water Resources Research	50	2	10.1002/2013WR014310	Department of Natural Resources Management, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Congo; Congo Basin Network for Research and Capacity Development in Water Resources (CB-HYDRONET), Kinshasa, Congo; Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	Tshimanga, R.M., Department of Natural Resources Management, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Congo, Congo Basin Network for Research and Capacity Development in Water Resources (CB-HYDRONET), Kinshasa, Congo; Hughes, D.A., Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	Gaps in hydrological information of the Congo Basin increase uncertainties in understanding hydroclimatic processes in the basin, and consequently the risks associated with decision making for major water resources development plans. There is also uncertainty about the predictions of future climate and land use change. These challenges make it essential to explore possible approaches to close the information gaps. Some of the gaps can be filled using hydrological simulation models, which if they prove practical, can be established with available data, but generate sufficiently reliable information for management purposes. This paper discusses the results of applying a semidistributed rainfall-runoff model which was established for the whole Congo Basin, using the available historical data, with an ultimate goal of understanding processes of runoff generation as well as assessing the impacts of future climate and land use changes on water resources availability, including options for water resources development in the basin. Issues of water resources assessment in the basin, approaches used to address them and some directions for future research are discussed. It is noted that the hydrological model applied in this study for the Congo Basin is able to capture the timing and magnitude of high and low flows satisfactorily, irrespective of the subbasins are located in headwater areas, downstream areas or at the outlets of regions strongly affected by wetlands and lakes. There remain a number of opportunities to improve the methods used for water resources assessment within the basin. Key Points A semidistributed hydrological model is presented for the Congo Basin The model adequately simulates the dominant processes of the basin hydrology The paper addresses some of the challenges of prediction in the Congo Basin © 2014. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.	Congo Basin; Hydrological model; Uncertainties; Ungauged basins; Wetlands	Climate models; Computer simulation; Forecasting; Hydrology; Lakes; Land use; Runoff; Water resources exploration; Wetlands; Congo basins; Hydrological modeling; Hydrological simulations; Uncertainties; Ungauged basins; Water resources assessment; Water resources availability; Water resources development; Water resources; decision making; flow modeling; headwater; hydrology; land use change; rainfall-runoff modeling; river basin; water management; water resource; Congo Basin	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896732702	Potential impacts of climate and environmental change on the stored water of Lake Victoria Basin and economic implications	Awange J.L., Anyah R., Agola N., Forootan E., Omondi P.	2013	Water Resources Research	49	12	10.1002/2013WR014350	Western Australian Centre for Geodesy, Institute for Geoscience Research, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States; Graduate School of Global Studies, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan; Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation, Bonn University, Bonn, Germany; IGAD Climate Prediction and Applications Centre, Nairobi, Kenya	Awange, J.L., Western Australian Centre for Geodesy, Institute for Geoscience Research, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; Anyah, R., Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States; Agola, N., Graduate School of Global Studies, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan; Forootan, E., Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation, Bonn University, Bonn, Germany; Omondi, P., IGAD Climate Prediction and Applications Centre, Nairobi, Kenya	The changing climatic patterns and increasing human population within the Lake Victoria Basin (LVB), together with overexploitation of water for economic activities call for assessment of water management for the entire basin. This study focused on the analysis of a combination of available in situ climate data, Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) observations, and high resolution Regional Climate simulations during recent decade(s) to assess the water storage changes within LVB that may be linked to recent climatic variability/changes and anomalies. We employed trend analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and temporal/spatial correlations to explore the associations and covariability among LVB stored water, rainfall variability, and large-scale forcings associated with El-Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). Potential economic impacts of human and climate-induced changes in LVB stored water are also explored. Overall, observed in situ rainfall from lake-shore stations showed a modest increasing trend during the recent decades. The dominant patterns of rainfall data from the TRMM satellite estimates suggest that the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation have not changed much during the period of 1998-2012 over the basin consistent with in situ observations. However, GRACEderived water storage changes over LVB indicate an average decline of 38.2 mm/yr for 2003-2006, likely due to the extension of the Owen Fall/Nalubale dam, and an increase of 4.5 mm/yr over 2007-2013, likely due to two massive rainfalls in 2006-2007 and 2010-2011. The temporal correlations between rainfall and ENSO/IOD indices during the study period, based on TRMM and model simulations, suggest significant influence of large-scale forcing on LVB rainfall, and thus stored water. The contributions of ENSO and IOD on the amplitude of TRMM-rainfall and GRACE-derived water storage changes, for the period of 2003-2013, are estimated to be ∼2.5 cm and ∼1.5 cm, respectively. © 2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.	None	Climatic variability; Economic implications; Gravity recovery and climate experiments; In-situ observations; Regional climate simulation; Spatial and temporal distribution; Temporal correlations; Tropical rainfall measuring missions; Climatology; Computer simulation; Digital storage; Economics; Geodetic satellites; Lakes; Principal component analysis; Rain gages; Water management; Rain; anthropogenic effect; basin management; climate effect; climate modeling; economic activity; El Nino-Southern Oscillation; environmental change; GRACE; lake water; numerical model; population growth; principal component analysis; rainfall; regional climate; shore (nonmarine); spatial distribution; temporal distribution; TRMM; water storage; water use; East African Lakes; Lake Victoria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84915751055	Impact of eddies on surface chlorophyll in the South Indian Ocean	Dufois F., Hardman-Mountford N.J., Greenwood J., Richardson A.J., Feng M., Herbette S., Matear R.	2014	Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans	119	11	10.1002/2014JC010164	CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Wembley, WA, Australia; CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Ecosciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Centre for Applications in Natural Resource Mathematics, School of Mathematics and PhysicsUniversity of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia; LMI ICEMASA, Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town Cape Town, South Africa; Laboratoire de Physique des Océans, (UMR6523 CNRS IFREMER IRD UBO), Université de Bretagne Occidentale Brest, France; CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Hobart, TAS, Australia	Dufois, F., CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Wembley, WA, Australia; Hardman-Mountford, N.J., CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Wembley, WA, Australia; Greenwood, J., CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Wembley, WA, Australia; Richardson, A.J., CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Ecosciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Centre for Applications in Natural Resource Mathematics, School of Mathematics and PhysicsUniversity of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia; Feng, M., CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Wembley, WA, Australia; Herbette, S., LMI ICEMASA, Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town Cape Town, South Africa, Laboratoire de Physique des Océans, (UMR6523 CNRS IFREMER IRD UBO), Université de Bretagne Occidentale Brest, France; Matear, R., CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Hobart, TAS, Australia	A unique feature of the subtropical South Indian Ocean is the existence of anticyclonic eddies that have higher chlorophyll concentrations than cyclonic eddies. Off Western Australia, this anomalous behavior is related to the seeding of anticyclonic eddies with shelf water enriched in phytoplankton biomass and nutrients. Further off-shore, two mechanisms have been suggested to explain the eddy/chlorophyll relationship: (i) eddies originating from the Australian coast maintain their chlorophyll anomaly while propagating westward; and (ii) eddy-induced Ekman upwelling (downwelling) enhances (dampens) nutrient supply in anticyclonic (cyclonic) eddies. Here we describe the relationship between eddies and surface chlorophyll within the South Indian Ocean, and discuss possible mechanisms to explain the anomalous behavior in light of new analyses performed using satellite chlorophyll data. We show that anticyclonic eddies exhibit higher surface chlorophyll concentration than cyclonic eddies across the entire South Indian Ocean basin (from 20 to 28S), particularly in winter. Using Self Organizing Maps we analyze the chlorophyll patterns within anticyclonic eddies and cyclonic eddies and highlight their complexity. Our analysis suggests that multiple mechanisms may underlie the observed eddy/chlorophyll relationship. Based on Argo float data, we postulate the relationship may be partly related to seasonal adjustment of the mixed layer depth within eddies. Deeper mixing in anticyclonic eddies is expected to enhance nutrient supply to the mixed layer, while shallower mixing in cyclonic eddies is expected to reduce it. This could explain why the observed winter surface chlorophyll bloom is stronger in anticyclonic eddies than in cyclonic eddies. © 2014. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.	chlorophyll; convective mixing; Eddies; eddy-induced Ekman pumping; self-organizing map	anticyclone; Argo; biomass; chlorophyll; eddy; Ekman layer; mixed layer; phytoplankton; satellite data; upwelling; Australia; Indian Ocean; Indian Ocean (South); Western Australia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943448356	Impact of mesoscale meteorological processes on anomalous radar propagation conditions over the northern Adriatic area	Telišman Prtenjak M., Horvat I., Tomažic I., Kvakic M., Viher M., Grisogono B.	2015	Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres	120	17	10.1002/2014JD022626	Department of Geophysics, Andrija Mohorovičic Geophysical Institute, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Meteorological and Hydrological Service, Zagreb, Croatia; EUMETSAT/HE Space Operations, Frankfurt, Germany; ILRI, Nairobi, Kenya; Croatian Military Academy Petar Zrinski, Zagreb, Croatia	Telišman Prtenjak, M., Department of Geophysics, Andrija Mohorovičic Geophysical Institute, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Horvat, I., Meteorological and Hydrological Service, Zagreb, Croatia; Tomažic, I., EUMETSAT/HE Space Operations, Frankfurt, Germany; Kvakic, M., ILRI, Nairobi, Kenya; Viher, M., Croatian Military Academy Petar Zrinski, Zagreb, Croatia; Grisogono, B., Department of Geophysics, Andrija Mohorovičic Geophysical Institute, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia	The impact of mesoscale structures on the occurrence of anomalous propagation (AP) conditions for radio waves, including ducts, superrefractive, and subrefractive conditions, was studied. The chosen meteorological situations are the bora wind and the sporadic sea/land breeze (SB/LB) during three selected cases over a large portion of the northern Adriatic. For this purpose, we used available radio soundings and numerical mesoscale model simulations (of real cases and their sensitivity tests) at a horizontal resolution of 1.5-km and 81 vertical levels. The model simulated the occurrences of AP conditions satisfactorily, although their intensities and frequency were underestimated at times. Certain difficulties appeared in reproducing the vertical profile of the modified refractive index, which is mainly dependent on the accuracy of the modeled humidity. The spatial distributions of summer AP conditions reveal that the surface layer above the sea (roughly between 30 and 100 m asl) is often covered by superrefractive conditions and ducts. The SB is highly associated with the formations of AP conditions: (i) in the first 100-m asl, where trapping and superrefractive conditions form because of the advection of cold and moist air, and (ii) inside the transition layer between the SB body and the elevated return flow in the form of subrefractive conditions. When deep convection occurs, all three types of AP conditions are caused by the downdraft beneath the cumulonimbus cloud base in its mature phase that creates smaller but marked pools of cold and dry air. The bora wind usually creates a pattern of AP conditions associated with the hydraulic jump and influences distribution of AP conditions over the sea surface. ©2015. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.	bora; mixing length; moist convection; sea/land breeze; SST; WRF	accuracy assessment; advection; convection; land breeze; mesoscale meteorology; mixing ratio; numerical model; radar; radio wave; sea breeze; sea surface temperature; spatial distribution; wave propagation; Adriatic Sea; Mediterranean Sea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940714174	TEC prediction performance of IRI-2012 model during a very low and a high solar activity phase over equatorial regions, Uganda	Tariku Y.A.	2015	Journal of Geophysical Research A: Space Physics	120	7	10.1002/2015JA021203	Department of Physics, University of Ambo, Ambo, Ethiopia	Tariku, Y.A., Department of Physics, University of Ambo, Ambo, Ethiopia	This paper examines the capacity of the latest version of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI-2012) model in predicting the vertical total electron content (VTEC) variation over Uganda during a very low solar activity phase (2009) and a high solar activity (2012) phase. This has been carried out by comparing the ground-based Global Positioning System (GPS) VTEC inferred from dual-frequency GPS receivers installed at Entebbe (geographic latitude 0.038N and longitude 32.44E; geomagnetic latitude -9.53N and longitude 104.06E) and Mbarara (geographic latitude -0.60N and longitude 30.74E; geomagnetic latitude -10.02N and longitude 102.36E). In this work, the diurnal, monthly, and seasonal variations in the measured VTEC have been analyzed and compared with the VTEC derived from IRI-2012 model. It has been shown that the lowest diurnal peak GPS-VTEC values are observed in the June solstice months during both the low and the high solar activity phases. Similarly, the highest diurnal peak IRI-2012 VTEC values are observed in equinoctial months during both phases. The variability of the VTEC in both the experimental and model is minimal nearly at 03:00 UT (06:00 LT) and maximal mostly between 10:00 and 13:00 UT (13:00-16:00 LT) during both phases. The diurnal highest peak modeled VTEC value observed during the high solar activity phase is almost twice larger than the diurnal highest peak modeled VTEC value depicted during the low solar activity phase. Moreover, the highest monthly mean hourly measured VTEC value observed in October during the high solar activity phase is larger by more than twice the corresponding highest monthly mean hourly measured VTEC value observed in November during the low solar activity phase. Similarly, the lowest monthly measured VTEC value observed in July during the high solar activity phase is larger by more than twice the corresponding lowest measured monthly VTEC value observed in the same month during the low solar activity phase. It has also been shown that the highest measured seasonal mean hourly VTEC values are observed in the December solstice and the March equinox, respectively, during the low and the high solar activity phases, while the corresponding lowest measured VTEC values are observed in the June solstice during both phases. The model prediction generally follows the monthly and seasonal variations of measured VTEC, with the highest and the lowest monthly values being observed in equinoctial and solstice months, respectively, during both phases. The overall results show that the modeled diurnal, monthly, and seasonal VTEC values are generally larger than those corresponding measured VTEC values observed during both the low and the high solar activity phases, with the largest deviations being observed during the low solar activity phase. Moreover, the model does not respond to the effects resulting from the storm. Hence, unlike the measured VTEC values, the modeled VTEC values are unaffected by the storm. © 2015. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.	equatorial ionosphere; GPS-VTEC; high solar activity; IRI-2012 VTEC; low solar activity	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84955488320	The role of SANSA's geomagnetic observation network in space weather monitoring: A review	Kotzé P.B., Cilliers P.J., Sutcliffe P.R.	2015	Space Weather	13	10	10.1002/2015SW001279	South African National Space Agency, Space Science, Hermanus, South Africa	Kotzé, P.B., South African National Space Agency, Space Science, Hermanus, South Africa; Cilliers, P.J., South African National Space Agency, Space Science, Hermanus, South Africa; Sutcliffe, P.R., South African National Space Agency, Space Science, Hermanus, South Africa	Geomagnetic observations play a crucial role in the monitoring of space weather events. In a modern society relying on the efficient functioning of its technology network such observations are important in order to determine the potential hazard for activities and infrastructure. Until recently, it was the perception that geomagnetic storms had no or very little adverse effect on radio communication and electric power infrastructure at middle- and low-latitude regions like southern Africa. The 2003 Halloween storm changed this perception. In this paper we discuss the role of the geomagnetic observation network operated by the South African National Space Agency (SANSA) in space weather monitoring. The primary objective is to describe the geomagnetic data sets available to characterize and monitor the various types of solar-driven disturbances, with the aim to better understand the physics of these processes in the near-Earth space environment and to provide relevant space weather monitoring and prediction. ©2015. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.	geomagnetism; observatories; space weather	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952050678	Hydroentanglement nonwoven filters for air filtration and its performance evaluation	Patanaik A., Anandjiwala R.D.	2010	Journal of Applied Polymer Science	117	3	10.1002/app.30561	CSIR Materials Science and Manufacturing, Fibres and Textiles Competence Area, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa; Department of Textile Science, Faculty of Science, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa	Patanaik, A., CSIR Materials Science and Manufacturing, Fibres and Textiles Competence Area, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa; Anandjiwala, R.D., CSIR Materials Science and Manufacturing, Fibres and Textiles Competence Area, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa, Department of Textile Science, Faculty of Science, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa	New nonwoven filters are developed for air filtration application with the help of hydroentanglement bonding technique. Different types of nonwoven filters are produced by varying the hydroentanglement processing parameters. The changes in nonwoven filter properties after prolonged exposure to working conditions under cyclic compression play an important role in its long-term performance characteristics. The performance of the developed filters are evaluated in terms of changes in pore characteristics, filtration parameters, and strength after cyclic compression and compared with the corresponding values before subjecting it to cyclic compression. The developed filter shows good performance characteristics for air filtration with low pressure drop and high efficiency in capturing micron and submicron size particles without any significant changes in its strength. Theoretical understanding of the fluid flow emerging from the nozzles during the hydroentanglement process is simulated by the computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Based on the fluid drag force and impact force of the water jets, a mechanism of fiber bonding is proposed. The impact force of the water jets and fluid drag forces plays an important role in the mechanism of fiber bonding. Nozzle condition also plays an important role in economizing this process. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	Compression; Fibers; Orientation; Simulations	Air filtration; Bonding techniques; Compression; Cyclic compression; Fiber bonding; Fluid drag force; Fluid flow; High efficiency; Hydroentanglement; Impact force; Long term performance; Low pressure drop; Nonwoven filter; Performance characteristics; Performance evaluation; Pore characteristics; Processing parameters; Sub-micron size particles; Water jets; Working conditions; Bonding; Computational fluid dynamics; Drag; Fibers; Fluids; Gas dynamics; Jets; Nonwoven fabrics; Nozzles; Weaving; Air filters; bonding; compression; filter; filtration; fluid flow; force; hydroentangling; impact; nonwoven fabric; nozzle; particle size; performance assessment; water jet	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856721286	Synthesis and evaluation of comb-type copolymers prepared via atom transfer radical polymerization as possible cold flow improvers in GTL diesel fuels	Norah Maithufi M., Joubert D.J., Klumperman B.	2012	Journal of Applied Polymer Science	124	4	10.1002/app.35268	Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands; Sasol Technology R and D, 1 Klasie Havenga Street, Sasolburg, South Africa; Department of Polymer Science and Chemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa	Norah Maithufi, M., Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands, Sasol Technology R and D, 1 Klasie Havenga Street, Sasolburg, South Africa; Joubert, D.J., Sasol Technology R and D, 1 Klasie Havenga Street, Sasolburg, South Africa; Klumperman, B., Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands, Department of Polymer Science and Chemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa	Statistical comb-type copolymers of styrene (Sty) and stearyl methacrylate (C18 MA) with varying [styrene]:[C18MA] ratios were synthesized by a controlled/living radical polymerization technique called atom transfer radical polymerization. The polymeric materials were evaluated in selected SASOL Fischer Tropsch gas-to-liquid diesels as possible cold flow improvers. Crystallization studies revealed that as the styrene content of the copolymer increased, a crystal growth inhibition mechanism was exhibited. With an increase in styrene content of the copolymer, differential scanning calorimetry and the cloud filter plugging point (CFPP) revealed a delay in onset of crystallization and lowered CFPP, respectively, whereas low-temperature microscopy indicated modifications and size reduction of wax crystals. However, there appeared to be a styrene content, beyond which the additive's efficiency decreased. Homopolymer and copolymers with the highest styrene content led to long unfavorable needle-shaped crystals. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP); cold filter plugging point (CFPP); cold flow properties; comb-type copolymers; GTL diesel	Cold filter plugging point; Cold flow improver; cold flow properties; Comb-type copolymer; Controlled/living radical polymerization; Crystal growth inhibition; Filter plugging; Fischer Tropsch; GTL diesel; Low temperatures; Size reductions; Stearyl methacrylate; Wax crystals; Copolymers; Crystal growth; Diesel fuels; Differential scanning calorimetry; Polymerization; Styrene; Atom transfer radical polymerization	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881543915	The influence of solvent properties on the performance of polysulfone/β-cyclodextrin polyurethane mixed-matrix membranes	Adams F.V., Nxumalo E.N., Krause R.W.M., Hoek E.M.V., Mamba B.B.	2013	Journal of Applied Polymer Science	130	3	10.1002/app.39378	Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1593, United States	Adams, F.V., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; Nxumalo, E.N., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; Krause, R.W.M., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; Hoek, E.M.V., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1593, United States; Mamba, B.B., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa	This study investigates the effect of solvent properties on the structural morphology and permeation properties of polysulfone/β-cyclodextrin polyurethane (PSf/β-CDPU) mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs). The membranes were prepared by a modified phase-inversion route using four different casting solvents [dimethyl formamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethyl acetamide (DMA), and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)]. While DMSO-based membranes demonstrated particularly high permeability (ca 147 L/m2h.bar), their crystallinity was low compared to MMMs prepared using DMA, DMF and NMP due to the formation of thin active layers on their surfaces. Cross-sectional morphology revealed that the MMMs have a dense top skin with finger-like inner pore structures. Membranes prepared using NMP displayed the highest hydrophilicity, porosity, and crystallinity due to the low volatility of NMP; DMF membranes exhibited superior mechanical and thermal stability due to its (DMF) high hydrogen bonding (δH) values. Thus, the morphological parameters, bulk porosity, and flux performance of MMMs have a significant inter-relationship with the solubility properties of each solvent (i.e., δH, density, volatility, solubility parameter). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	blends; membranes; morphology; polyurethanes; properties and characterization	Cross-sectional morphology; Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); Mixed-matrix membranes; Morphological parameters; N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone; Permeation properties; Solubility parameters; Structural morphology; Blending; Cyclodextrins; Dimethyl sulfoxide; Hydrogen bonds; Morphology; Organic solvents; Polyurethanes; Porosity; Solubility; Solvents; Membranes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888353954	Investigation of the crystalline phase morphology of a β-nucleated impact polypropylene copolymer	Motsoeneng T.S., Luyt A.S., Van Reenen A.J.	2014	Journal of Applied Polymer Science	131	4	10.1002/app.39923	Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State (Qwaqwa Campus), Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa; Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Motsoeneng, T.S., Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State (Qwaqwa Campus), Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa; Luyt, A.S., Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State (Qwaqwa Campus), Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa; Van Reenen, A.J., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	This study covers the preparation and the characterization of β-nucleated impact polypropylene copolymer (NA-IPC). Calcium stearate (CaSt), as well as pimelic (Pim) and adipic (Adi) acids, were doped into IPC as mono- or bicomponent nucleating agents (NAs) at varying mass ratios. Possible chemical interactions between the NAs and with IPC, as well as the effect of the NAs on the crystallization behavior and nonisothermal crystallization kinetics, were investigated. DSC and XRD results revealed that IPC nucleated with Pim and Pim-CaSt nucleants induced up to 90% β-crystals, whereas Adi and Adi-CaSt formed only about 17% β-crystals. This was associated with the strong nucleation efficiency of Pim. The nonisothermal crystallization kinetics showed that the crystallization of IPC and NA-IPC followed a three-dimensional growth with athermal nucleation mechanism. FTIR showed that none of the NAs chemically reacted with IPC, and the chemical structure of the polymer was thus intact during the treatment. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	copolymers; crystallization; differential scanning calorimetry (DSC); kinetics; X-ray	Chemical interactions; Crystallization behavior; Impact polypropylene copolymer; Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics; Nucleation efficiency; Nucleation mechanism; Structure of the polymers; Three-dimensional growth; Copolymers; Crystallization; Differential scanning calorimetry; Enzyme kinetics; Isotherms; Kinetics; Nucleation; X rays; Polypropylenes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896400985	Performance of novel hyperbranched poly(aryl-ether-urea)s doped with N3-dye in nanocrystalline DSSC	Sathiyaraj S., Vanjinathan M., Shanavas A., Amudha S., Suthanthiraraj S.A., Nasar A.S.	2014	Journal of Applied Polymer Science	131	12	10.1002/app.40408	Department of Polymer Science, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Tamil Nadu, Chennai 25, India; PG and Research Department of Chemistry, D. G. Vaishnav College Tamil Nadu, Chennai 106, India; Chemical, Metallurgical and Material Engineering, Polymer Technology Division, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Energy, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Tamil Nadu, Chennai 25, India	Sathiyaraj, S., Department of Polymer Science, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Tamil Nadu, Chennai 25, India; Vanjinathan, M., PG and Research Department of Chemistry, D. G. Vaishnav College Tamil Nadu, Chennai 106, India; Shanavas, A., Chemical, Metallurgical and Material Engineering, Polymer Technology Division, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Amudha, S., Department of Energy, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Tamil Nadu, Chennai 25, India; Suthanthiraraj, S.A., Department of Energy, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Tamil Nadu, Chennai 25, India; Nasar, A.S., Department of Polymer Science, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Tamil Nadu, Chennai 25, India	An amine-terminated hyperbranched poly(aryl-ether-urea) (HBPEU) was prepared from an AB2-type blocked isocyanate monomer and then its end groups were modified into urea (M-HBPEU) by reaction with phenyl isocyanate. Both of the polymers were doped with N3-dye along with KI/I2 to work as efficient polymer electrolytes in nanocrystalline dye sensitized solar cell. The increment in the conductivity of doped HBPEU and doped M-HBPEU was very significant and reached its value at 8.2 × 10-3 and 4.1 × 10-2 S/cm, respectively. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of these two doped polymers measured under simulated sunlight with AM 1.5 at 60 mW/cm2 generate photocurrent of 2.5 and 3.6 mA/cm2, together with a photo voltage of 690 and 750 mV, and fill factor of 0.55 and 0.61 yielding a overall energy conversion efficiency of 2.4% and 4.1%, respectively. These results suggest that M-HBPEU show better cell performance and conductance properties than the HBPEU. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	blocked isocyanate monomer; dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC); hyperbranched poly (aryl-ether-urea); ion conducting polymer; photovoltaic applications; polymer electrolyte	Conducting polymers; Energy conversion; Ethers; Monomers; Polyelectrolytes; Solar cells; Urea; Blocked isocyanates; Dye-sensitized solar cells; Hyperbranched; Ion-conducting polymers; Photovoltaic applications; Polymer electrolyte; Metabolism	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84923170948	Prognostic impact of lymph node metastasis in distal cholangiocarcinoma	Kiriyama M., Ebata T., Aoba T., Kaneoka Y., Arai T., Shimizu Y., Nagino M., Fukami Y., Miyake H., Sakamoto E., Takara D., Shirai K., Ohira S., Tojima Y., Hashimoto M., Akutagawa A., Yamaguchi R., Morofuji N., Kawahara T., Asaba Y., Mizuno S., Kawai S., Ya	2015	British Journal of Surgery	102	4	10.1002/bjs.9752	Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Aichi Cancer Centre Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Department of General Surgery, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan; Department of Surgery, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan; Department of Surgery, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo, Japan; Toyota Kosei Hospital, Toyota, Japan; Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Kiryu Kosei General Hospital, Kiryu, Japan; Yamashita Hospital, Ichinomiya, Japan; Handa City Hospital, Handa, Japan; Social Insurance Chukyo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Chubu Rosai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Kasugai Municipal Hospital, Kasugai, Japan; Gifu Prefectural Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives for Health and Welfare Kumiai Hospital, Takayama, Japan; Daido Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Enshu Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Shizuoka Kosei Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan; Tsushima City Hospital, Tsushima, Japan; Tokai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Tokai Municipal Hospital, Tokai, South Africa; Yachiyo Hospital, Anjo, Japan; Chita City Hospital, Chita, Russian Federation	Kiriyama, M., Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan; Ebata, T., Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan; Aoba, T., Department of General Surgery, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan; Kaneoka, Y., Department of Surgery, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan; Arai, T., Department of Surgery, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo, Japan; Shimizu, Y., Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Aichi Cancer Centre Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Nagino, M., Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan; Fukami, Y., Toyota Kosei Hospital, Toyota, Japan; Miyake, H., Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Sakamoto, E., Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Takara, D., Kiryu Kosei General Hospital, Kiryu, Japan; Shirai, K., Yamashita Hospital, Ichinomiya, Japan; Ohira, S., Handa City Hospital, Handa, Japan; Tojima, Y., Social Insurance Chukyo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Hashimoto, M., Chubu Rosai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Akutagawa, A., Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Yamaguchi, R., Kasugai Municipal Hospital, Kasugai, Japan; Morofuji, N., Gifu Prefectural Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives for Health and Welfare Kumiai Hospital, Takayama, Japan; Kawahara, T., Daido Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Asaba, Y., Enshu Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Mizuno, S., Shizuoka Kosei Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan; Kawai, S., Tsushima City Hospital, Tsushima, Japan; Yamamoto, H., Tokai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Ikuta, K., Tokai Municipal Hospital, Tokai, South Africa; Matsubara, H., Yachiyo Hospital, Anjo, Japan; Watanabe, T., Chita City Hospital, Chita, Russian Federation	Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the prognostic impact of lymph node metastasis in cholangiocarcinoma using three different classifications. Methods: Patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for distal cholangiocarcinoma in 24 hospitals in Japan between 2001 and 2010 were included. Survival was calculated by means of the Kaplan-Meier method and differences between subgroups were assessed with the log rank test. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify independent predictors of survival. χ2 scores were calculated to determine the cut-off value of the number of involved nodes, lymph node ratio (LNR) and total lymph node count (TLNC) for discriminating survival. Results: Some 370 patients were included. The median (range) TLNC was 19 (3-59). Nodal metastasis occurred in 157 patients (42.4 per cent); the median (range) number of involved nodes and LNR were 2 (1-19) and 0-11 (0.02-0.80) respectively. Four or more involved nodes was associated with a significantly shorter median survival (1.3 versus 2.2years; P = 0.001), as was a LNR of at least 0.17 (1.4 versus 2.3years; P = 0.002). Involvement of nodes along the common hepatic artery, present in 21 patients (13.4 per cent), was also associated with a shorter survival (median 1.3 versus 2.1years; P = 0.046). Multivariable analysis among 157 node-positive patients identified the number of involved nodes as an independent prognostic factor (risk ratio 1.87; P = 0.002). Conclusion: The number of involved nodes was a strong predictor of survival in patients with distal cholangiocarcinoma. © 2015 BJS Society Ltd.	None	adult; aged; Bile Duct Neoplasms; Cholangiocarcinoma; clinical trial; conservative treatment; female; human; intrahepatic bile duct; Japan; Kaplan Meier method; lymph node; lymph node dissection; lymph node metastasis; male; middle aged; mortality; multicenter study; pancreaticoduodenectomy; pathology; procedures; prognosis; prospective study; secondary; very elderly; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bile Duct Neoplasms; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Cholangiocarcinoma; Female; Humans; Japan; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Lymph Node Excision; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Middle Aged; Organ Sparing Treatments; Pancreaticoduodenectomy; Prognosis; Prospective Studies	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84923427644	Self-governance for sustainable global supply chains: Can it deliver the impacts needed?	Vermeulen W.J.V.	2015	Business Strategy and the Environment	24	2	10.1002/bse.1804	Utrecht University - Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht, Netherlands; Stellenbosch University - Sustainability Institute, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Vermeulen, W.J.V., Utrecht University - Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht, Netherlands, Stellenbosch University - Sustainability Institute, Stellenbosch, South Africa	The world community convened in Rio de Janeiro in June 2012 for the third UN Conference on Sustainable Development. We are, however, increasingly facing major persistent threats, which despite being known for a few decades are still far from being solved - or are even still increasing. On the individual business level, this has four major implications: increased social pressures; possible reputational damage; exposure to resource wars; and front-running competitors adjusting their value chain strategies. In supply chain governance this leads to four main types of strategies: do it yourself; join forces; the 5C-approach and harmonising. The key question is: is this sufficient? Imagine 2022 - where will we be 10 years after Rio 2012? Is a rapid and structural transition to a circular and fair global economy possible, using this path of self-governance for products traded in the global economic arena? This will strongly depend on four key factors: rapid growth of consumer demand; 'all-inclusiveness' of these supply chain governance approaches; successful uplifting production practices of all suppliers; and addressing the major issues of unsustainability. Here we see various serious weaknesses, like the lack of third-order evaluation and biases causing some of the more recent issues to be overlooked and less visible supply chains. The challenge is to develop a form of 'meta'-governance, including new approaches by governments, combining public policy strategies with the demonstrated virtues of self-governance. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.	Certification; Global trade; Governance; Sustainable supply chains	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650356805	The use of real options valuation methodology in enhancing the understanding of the impact of climate change on companies	Tyler E., Chivaka R.	2011	Business Strategy and the Environment	20	1	10.1002/bse.668	Genesis Analytics, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Accounting University of Cape Town, South Africa	Tyler, E., Genesis Analytics, Cape Town, South Africa; Chivaka, R., Department of Accounting University of Cape Town, South Africa	Climate change has in recent years gathered traction on the business, political and social agenda. From the business perspective, research has shown that climate change impacts on company value are uncertain, significant and strategically important. The challenge therefore is for the business community to apply financial valuation models that support the incorporation of the climate change impacts in strategic planning. However, the commonly used discounted cash flow techniques in capital budgeting are seen as failing to address the high levels of uncertainties inherent in climate change impacts. Real options thinking has been touted as having the potential to enhance understanding of these impacts via its direct handling of uncertainty, although not much research has been done to demonstrate this. Using an illustrative case study, this research presents an argument for introducing the real options approach, a new method for valuing options of future strategic action by companies in a setting that exhibits climate change impacts. The objective of this research is to contribute to the literature on strategic tools for addressing climate change and ultimately offer some management insights that can narrow the gap between finance theory and business practice. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.	Biomass power generation projects; Case study; Clean development mechanism; Climate change; Discounted cash flow; Financial valuation techniques; Real options; Strategic investment	business cycle; clean development mechanism; climate change; climate effect; industrial investment; industrial policy; industrial production; research work; uncertainty analysis; valuation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-47149086230	Proximal great saphenous vein cut down: An evaluation of techniques and anatomical considerations	Briers N., Morris I., Boon J.M., Meiring J.H., Franz R.C.	2008	Clinical Anatomy	21	5	10.1002/ca.20643	Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Briers, N., Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Morris, I., Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Boon, J.M., Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Meiring, J.H., Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Franz, R.C., Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Cut-down techniques by which emergency venous access can be achieved are important, particularly, in the resuscitation of haemodynamically depleted patients where percutaneous access to collapsed veins is a problem. The aim was to evaluate the efficacy of different methods that are used to locate the proximal great saphenous vein in the thigh and to describe the vein's immediate course. A further component was to identify the position of the valves in the proximal great saphenous vein. Needles were placed in 42 cadaver thighs as defined by the techniques identified from the literature and surgical practice. After a detailed dissection, the vein's relation to these needles was measured and the course of the vein and number of valves noted in relation to easily identifiable landmarks. Landmarks in 2.5-cm intervals on a line from the pubic tubercle to the adductor tubercle of the femur were used. The rule of two's, an experimental method by one of the authors, along with Dronen's second method localized the vein most successfully. The course of the vein was scrutinized and found to have a rather direct course as it proceeded medially toward the saphenous hiatus. The largest population of valves could be found in the proximal 5 cm (76%) with a valve in the confluence of the great saphenous vein and the femoral vein being the most common. Valve populations were found to decrease in number from proximal to distal, which would have implications with the placement of catheters into the vein for fluid resuscitation. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.	Clinical anatomy; Cut-down techniques; Emergency venous access; Great saphenous vein; Valves	adult; aged; article; cadaver; cut down technique; dissection; dronen 2 method; dronen method; experimental method; femur; fluid resuscitation; hemodynamic monitoring; human; human tissue; intermethod comparison; new simon method; priority journal; saphenous vein; surgical anatomy; surgical technique; traditional method; vascular access; vein surgery; Adult; Aged; Dissection; Humans; Middle Aged; Needles; Saphenous Vein	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-31544462587	Assessment of heavy-metal profile of the New Calabar River and its impact on juvenile Clarias gariepinus	Wegwu M.O., Akaninwor J.O.	2006	Chemistry and Biodiversity	3	1	10.1002/cbdv.200690010	Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Wegwu, M.O., Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Akaninwor, J.O., Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	We have determined the heavy-metal status of the lower reaches of the New Calabar River in the Niger Delta region over a 40-km-long distance, and its impact on the development of catfish (juvenile Clarias gariepinus). The total mean concentrations of dissolved trace metals in the river were 0.01, 0.85, 0.56, 2.08, 0.05, 12.0, and 6.59 mg/l for Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, and Zn, respectively. The accumulated concentration of trace metals in the muscles of different mature fish caught from the river were examined, and the results fell within the action levels adopted in most countries. To evaluate the contributions of trace metals to fisheries depletion, eggs of C. gariepinus were hatched in dilution water spiked with the total mean metal levels determined in the river water. Our results indicate substantive inhibition of egg hatch even at very low concentrations of the majority of the trace metals studied, with mortality rates well above 50% after 216 h of exposure (Table 5). These findings suggest that trace metals (except for Zn), even at very low concentrations, negatively affect fish hatch and fry rearing, implying that aquatic milieus contaminated by trace metals are not suitable as nursery grounds for fish cultures. © 2006 Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta.	None	cadmium; chromium; copper; heavy metal; iron; lead; mercury; river water; trace metal; zinc; animal tissue; aquatic environment; article; breeding; catfish; concentration (parameters); controlled study; death; environmental exposure; environmental impact assessment; fishery; geography; hatching; Nigeria; nonhuman; pisciculture; river; tissue distribution; water pollution; Age Factors; Animals; Catfishes; Metals, Heavy; Nigeria; Rivers; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Animalia; Clarias gariepinus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34948812581	Chemical and biogenophysical impact of four-dimensional (4D) seismic exploration in sub-Saharan Africa, and restoration of dysfunctionalized mangrove forests in the prospect areas	Osuji L.C., Ayolagha G., Obute G.C., Ohabuike H.C.	2007	Chemistry and Biodiversity	4	9	10.1002/cbdv.200790172	Petroleum and Environmental Chemistry Research Group, Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Port Harcourt, PMB 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Department of Soil Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Ha	Osuji, L.C., Petroleum and Environmental Chemistry Research Group, Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Port Harcourt, PMB 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Ayolagha, G., Department of Soil Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Obute, G.C., Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Port Harcourt, PMB 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Ohabuike, H.C., EPG-PN-TTSP, Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Four-dimensional (4D) seismic exploration, an improved geophysical technique for hydrocarbon-data acquisition, was applied for the first time in the Nembe Creek prospect area of Nigeria. The affected soils were slightly alkaline in situ when wet (pH 7.2), but extremely acidic when dry (pH 3.0). The organic carbon content (4.6-26.8%) and other physicochemical properties of soils and water (N, P, and heavy-metal contents, etc.) were higher than the baseline values obtained in 2001 before seismic profiling. Most values also exceeded the baseline compliance standards of the Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA). Rehabilitation of the affected areas was achieved by stabilizing the mangrove floor by liming and appropriate application of nutrients, followed by replanting the cut seismic lines over a distance of 1,372 km with different mangrove species, including juvenile Rhizophora racemosa, R. mangle, and Avicennia species, which were transferred from nursery points. Quicker post-operational intervention is recommended for future 4D surveys, because the time lag between the end of seismic activity and post-impact investigation is critical in determining the relationship between activity and impact: the longer the intervening period, the more mooted the interaction. © 2007 Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta AG, Zürich.	None	heavy metal; hydrocarbon; organic carbon; water; petroleum; article; Avicennia; biogeography; chemical analysis; controlled study; ecosystem regeneration; environmental protection; mangrove; Nigeria; nutrient; petrochemical industry; pH; physical chemistry; Rhizophora mangle; Rhizophora racemosa; soil pollution; water contamination; world health organization; methodology; Rhizophoraceae; soil; tree; Avicennia; Rhizophora racemosa; Conservation of Natural Resources; Hydrocarbons; Metals, Heavy; Nigeria; Petroleum; Rhizophoraceae; Soil; Trees	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-49649112709	Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 4-substituted 1-{[4-(10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin-5-yl)phenyl]methylidene} thiosemicarbazides as new class of potential antiprotozoal agents	Bhat A.R., Athar F., Van Zyl R.L., Chen C.-T., Azam A.	2008	Chemistry and Biodiversity	5	5	10.1002/cbdv.200890073	Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India; Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India; Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa	Bhat, A.R., Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India; Athar, F., Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India; Van Zyl, R.L., Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Chen, C.-T., Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Azam, A., Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India	A novel series of 4-substituted 1-{[4-(10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin-5-yl) phenyl]methylidene}thiosemicarbazide, 4a -4n, was synthesized in 9-21% yield by the condensation of 4-(10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin-5-yl)benzaldehyde (3) with various substituted thiosemicarbazides in presence of catalytic amount of AcOH. These compounds were assayed for in vitro antiamoebic activity, and the results showed that out of 14 compounds 9 were found with IC50 values lower than metronidazole corresponding to 1.05- to 4.7-fold increase in activity. MTT Assay showed that all the compounds are nontoxic to human kidney epithelial cell line. 4-(m-Toluidinyl)-1-{[4- (10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin-5-yl)phenyl]methylidene} thiosemicarbazide (4h) showed the highest antiamoebic activity with least cytotoxicity. Some of the compounds were screened for their antimalarial activities and ability to inhibit β-haematin formation, but none of them showed an activity better than chloroquine and quinine. Only one compound out of six showed an activity comparable to standard drug. © 2008 Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta AG, Zürich.	None	1,2,3,4 tetrahydro n' [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]quinoline 1 carbothiohydrazide; 3 (4,5 dimethyl 2 thiazolyl) 2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide; 4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)benzaldehyde; 4 (2 chlorobenzyl) 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 (2 methylphenyl) 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 (3 methylphenyl) 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 (4 methylphenyl) 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 benzyl 4 phenyl 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 cyclohexyl 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 cyclohexyl 4 methyl 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 cyclooctyl 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 cyclopentyl 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 methyl 4 phenyl 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 methyl n' [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]piperizine 1 carbothiohydrazide; 4 phenyl n' [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]piperazine 1 carbothiohydrazide; 5 [4 (1,3 dioxolan 2 yl)phenyl] 10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin; antiprotozoal agent; chloroquine; hematin; metronidazole; n' [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]pyrrolidine 1 carbothiohydrazide; quinine; thiosemicarbazide derivative; unclassified drug; antiprotozoal agent; porphyrin; semicarbazide derivative; thiosemicarbazide; antimalarial activity; article; controlled study; cytotoxicity; drug screening; drug synthesis; Entamoeba histolytica; epithelium cell; human; human cell; IC 50; in vitro study; inhibition kinetics; kidney epithelium; protein synthesis; Amoeba; animal; chemical structure; chemistry; classification; drug effect; Plasmodium; structure activity relation; synthesis; Amoeba; Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Molecular Structure; Plasmodium; Porphyrins; Semicarbazides; Structure-Activity Relationship	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79954567431	In vitro evaluation of antileishmanial activity and toxicity of essential oils of Artemisia absinthium and Echinops kebericho	Tariku Y., Hymete A., Hailu A., Rohloff J.	2011	Chemistry and Biodiversity	8	4	10.1002/cbdv.201000331	Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Plant Biocentre, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway	Tariku, Y., Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Hymete, A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Hailu, A., Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Rohloff, J., Plant Biocentre, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway	Potential toxicity, costs, and drug-resistant pathogens necessitate the development of new antileishmanial agents. Medicinal and aromatic plants constitute a major source of natural organic compounds. In this study, essential oils of Artemisia absinthium L. and Echinops kebericho Mesfin were investigated by GC and GC/MS analyses. Isolated oils were screened for antileishmanial activity against two Leishmania strains (L. aethiopica and L. donovani), and toxicity on the human monocytic leukemia (THP-1) cell line and red blood cells in vitro. GC/MS Analysis revealed 65 compounds (93.74%) for Artemisia absinthium and 43 compounds (92.85%) for Echinops kebericho oil. The oils contained the oxygenated monoterpene camphor (27.40%) and the sesquiterpene lactone dehydrocostus lactone (41.83%) as major constituents, respectively. Both oils showed activity against promastigote (MIC 0.0097-0.1565 μl/ml) and axenic amastigote forms (EC50 0.24-42.00 nl/ml) of both leishmania species. Weak hemolytic effect was observed for both oils, showing a slightly decreased selectivity index (SI 0.8-19.2) against the THP-1 cell line. Among the two oils tested, E. kebericho exerted strong antileishmanial activity that was even higher than that of amphotericin B with significant cytotoxicity. This study, therefore, demonstrated the potential use of both oils as source of novel agents for the treatment of leishmaniasis. Copyright © 2011 Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta AG, Zürich.	Antileishmanial activity; Artemisia absinthium; Echinops kebericho; Essential oils	antileishmanial agent; Artemisia absinthium extract; camphor; Echinops kebericho extract; essential oil; sesquiterpene lactone derivative; terpene derivative; unclassified drug; antiprotozoal activity; Artemisia absinthium; article; Asteraceae; cytotoxicity; Echinops kebericho; erythrocyte; hemolysis; human; human cell; in vitro study; Leishmania donovani; mass fragmentography; monocytic leukemia; nonhuman; promastigote; Antiprotozoal Agents; Artemisia absinthium; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Echinops Plant; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hemolysis; Humans; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oils, Volatile; Artemisia absinthium; Dryobalanops; Leishmania aethiopica; Leishmania donovani	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84869748833	Imidazopyridine-based inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase 3: Synthesis and evaluation of amide isostere replacements of the carboxamide scaffold	Yngve U., Söderman P., Svensson M., Rosqvist S., Arvidsson P.I.	2012	Chemistry and Biodiversity	9	11	10.1002/cbdv.201200308	Medicinal Chemistry IScience, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Neuroscience IScience, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Project Management, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	Yngve, U., Medicinal Chemistry IScience, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Söderman, P., Medicinal Chemistry IScience, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Svensson, M., Medicinal Chemistry IScience, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Rosqvist, S., Neuroscience IScience, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Arvidsson, P.I., Project Management, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden, School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	In this study, we explored the effect of bioisostere replacement in a series of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) inhibitors based on the imidazopyridine core. The synthesis and biological evaluation of a number of novel sulfonamide, 1,2,4-oxadiazole, and thiazole derivates as amide bioisosteres, as well as a computational rationalization of the obtained results are reported. © 2012 Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta AG, Zürich.	1,2,4-Oxadiazoles; Bioisosteres; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK3); Imidazopyridine; Inhibitors; Sulfonamides; Thiazoles	1,2,4 oxadiazole derivative; 2 [4 (morpholin 4 ylmethyl)phenyl] 7 [2 (piperidin 1 yl) 1,3 thiazol 4 yl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine hydrochloride; 2 [4 (morpholin 4 ylmethyl)phenyl] 7 [3 (propan 2 yl) 1,2,4 oxadiazol 5 yl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine hydrochloride; 2 [4 (morpholin 4 ylmethyl)phenyl] 7 [3 (pyridin 3 yl) 1,2,4 oxadiazol 5 yl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine hydrochloride; 3 [4[[2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridin 7 yl]sulfonyl]piperazin 1 yl]propanenitrile; 7 [2 (morpholin 4 yl) 1,3 thiazol 4 yl] 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine hydrochloride; 7 [2 (piperidin 1 yl) 1,3 thiazol 4 yl] 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine hydrochloride; 7 [3 (2 methoxyethyl) 1,2,4 oxadiazol 5 yl] 2 [4 (morpholin 4 ylmethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine hydrochloride; amide; glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitor; imidazopyridine derivative; n (2 hydroxy 1 phenylethyl) 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine 7 sulfonamide hydrochloride; n (2 methoxyethyl) n methyl 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine 7 sulfonamide hydrochloride; n (3 methoxypropyl) 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine 7 sulfonamide hydrochloride; n [3 (1h imidazol 1 yl)propyl] 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine 7 sulfonamide hydrochloride; n cyclopentyl 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine 7 sulfonamide hydrochloride; thiazole derivative; unclassified drug; article; drug design; drug potency; drug screening; drug stability; drug structure; drug synthesis; drug transformation; human; human cell; Drug Design; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; Humans; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Oxadiazoles; Pyridines; Sulfonamides; Thiazoles	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957979922	Autoreduction and Catalytic Performance of a Cobalt Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Catalyst Supported on Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Spheres	Xiong H., Moyo M., Rayner M.K., Jewell L.L., Billing D.G., Coville N.J.	2010	ChemCatChem	2	5	10.1002/cctc.200900309	DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa	Xiong, H., DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; Moyo, M., School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa, School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; Rayner, M.K., School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; Jewell, L.L., School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; Billing, D.G., DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; Coville, N.J., DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa	[No abstract available]	Autoreduction; Carbon; Cobalt; Fischer-Tropsch synthesis; Supported catalysts	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940720688	Effects of Organic Modifiers on a Palladium Catalyst in the Competitive Hydrogenation of 1-Octene Versus Octanal: An Evaluation of Solid Catalysts with an Ionic Liquid Layer	Miller S.F., Friedrich H.B., Holzapfel C.W., Dasireddy V.D.B.C.	2015	ChemCatChem	7	17	10.1002/cctc.201500401	School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa	Miller, S.F., School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Friedrich, H.B., School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Holzapfel, C.W., Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa; Dasireddy, V.D.B.C., School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private bag X54001, Durban, South Africa	The competitive hydrogenation between 1-octene and octanal has been investigated with a ≈5% palladium on alumina catalyst prepared in situ with the following organic modifiers: pyridine, 1-methylimidazole, 1,3-dimethylimidazole methylsulfate, 1,3-dimethylimidazole bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and methyltri-sec-butylphosphonium methylsulfate. The results of these investigations indicate that the ionic liquid modifiers have significant and specific effects on catalytic performance, for example, certain systems can completely suppress octanal conversion. In addition, analytical techniques reveal that the matrix and quantity of organic species on the used catalysts are different if different ionic liquids are used as modifiers. Surface studies also reveal that the modifiers have a noticeable effect on the crystallite size and chemisorption properties of the catalysts. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.	chemisorption; heterogeneous catalysis; hydrogenation; ionic liquids; palladium	Alumina; Catalysis; Catalyst activity; Catalysts; Chemisorption; Crystallite size; Hydrogenation; Liquids; Palladium; 1-methylimidazole; Catalytic performance; Liquid modifiers; Organic modifier; Organic species; Palladium catalyst; Palladium on alumina; Specific effects; Ionic liquids	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-68649121417	Centrifugal pump performance calculation for homogeneous suspensions	Graham L.J.W., Pullum L., Slatter P., Sery G., Rudman M.	2009	Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering	87	4	10.1002/cjce.20192	CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, PO Box 56, Highett, VIC 3190, Australia; Private Consultant, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Rheology and Materials Processing Centre, School of Civil Environmental and Chemical Engineering, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Flow Process Research Centre, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa; CSIRO Mathematical and Information Sciences, Private Bag 33 Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia	Graham, L.J.W., CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, PO Box 56, Highett, VIC 3190, Australia; Pullum, L., Private Consultant, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Slatter, P., Rheology and Materials Processing Centre, School of Civil Environmental and Chemical Engineering, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sery, G., Flow Process Research Centre, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa; Rudman, M., CSIRO Mathematical and Information Sciences, Private Bag 33 Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia	Centrifugal pumps are widely used for transporting suspensions, but their head performance is derated when non-Newtonian fluids and/or coarse solids are present. Some head deration methods are available for high viscosity Newtonian fluids, Bingham plastic fluids and for coarse solids in water. This paper presents a modification of the Hydraulic Institute head deration method that is suitable for any homogeneous non-Newtonian rheology. A modification of the Walker and Goulas method is also considered. Possible anomalous behaviour of kaolin slurries in centrifugal pumps is discussed. ©2009 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering.	Multiphase flows	Bingham plastic fluids; Head performance; Homogeneous suspensions; Newtonian fluids; Non-Newtonian fluids; Non-Newtonian rheology; Centrifugal pumps; Fluid dynamics; Hydraulic machinery; Kaolin; Multiphase flow; Newtonian liquids; Non Newtonian flow; Pumping plants; Pumps; Rheology; Viscosity; Suspensions (fluids)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-72849151026	Impact of discharged wastewater final effluent on the physicochemical qualities of a receiving watershed in a suburban community of the eastern Cape Province	Osode A.N., Okoh A.I.	2009	Clean - Soil, Air, Water	37	12	10.1002/clen.200900098	Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa	Osode, A.N., Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa; Okoh, A.I., Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa	Failures of sewage treatment systems, both within and outside South Africa, are most commonly ascribed to inadequate facilities and other factors resulting in the production of poor quality effluents with attendant negative consequences on the receiving watershed. The impact of the final effluent of a wastewater treatment facility in a suburban community of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa on the physicochemical qualities of the receiving watershed was assessed between August 2007 and July 2008. Water quality parameters were analyzed according to the South African Department of Water Affairs and Forestry standards. The effluent quality was acceptable with respect to the pH (6.9-7.8), temperature (13.8-22.0°C), dissolved oxygen (DO) (4.9-7.8 mg/L), salinity (0.12-0.17 psu), total dissolved solids (TDS) (119-162 mg/L) and nitrite concentration (0.1-0.4 mg/L). The other physicochemical parameters that did not comply with regulated standards include the following: phosphate (0.1-4.0 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (5-211 mg/L), electrical conductivity (EC) (237-325 μS/cm), and turbidity (7.7-62.7 NTU). The results suggest that eutrophication is intensified in the vicinity of the effluent discharge points, where phosphate and nitrate were found in high concentrations. The discharged final effluents had detrimental effects on the receiving body of water, thus suggesting the need for regular and consistent intervention by appropriate monitoring and compliance agencies to ensure adherence to acceptable standards for discharged effluents. © 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.	References	discharge; dissolved oxygen; effluent; nitrite; pH; physicochemical property; salinity; sewage treatment; suburban area; waste treatment; wastewater; water quality; water treatment; watershed; Eastern Cape; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-55949121913	Reversed chloroquines based on the 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one scaffold: Synthesis and evaluation for antimalarial, β-haematin inhibition, and cytotoxic activity	October N., Watermeyer N.D., Yardley V., Egan T.J., Ncokazi K., Chibale K.	2008	ChemMedChem	3	11	10.1002/cmdc.200800172	Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom	October, N., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Watermeyer, N.D., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Yardley, V., Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Egan, T.J., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Ncokazi, K., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Chibale, K., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	(Chemical Equation Presented) The synthesis, cytotoxicity, and antimalarial activity of resistance-reversing bifunctional dihydropyrimidone-chloroquinoline conjugates are reported herein. In vitro assay results indicate this class of compounds is highly active against both chloroquine-resistant and chloroquine-sensitive strains of P. falciparum. © 2008 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.	Dihydropyrimidinones; Drug design; Quinoline-containing antimalarials; Reversing agents; Sensitizers	antimalarial agent; chloroquine; hemoprotein; hemozoin; pyrimidine derivative; animal; article; biological model; chemical model; chemical structure; chemistry; drug antagonism; drug design; IC 50; metabolism; methodology; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; structure activity relation; synthesis; Animals; Antimalarials; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Chloroquine; Drug Design; Hemeproteins; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Biological; Models, Chemical; Molecular Structure; Pyrimidines; Structure-Activity Relationship	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857730058	Sulfonimidamides as Sulfonamides Bioisosteres: Rational Evaluation through Synthetic, in Vitro, and in Vivo Studies with γ-Secretase Inhibitors	Sehgelmeble F., Janson J., Ray C., Rosqvist S., Gustavsson S., Nilsson L.I., Minidis A., Holenz J., Rotticci D., Lundkvist J., Arvidsson P.I.	2012	ChemMedChem	7	3	10.1002/cmdc.201200014	Medicinal Chemistry, iScience, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; DMPK, iScience, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Neuroscience, iScience, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Box 574, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	Sehgelmeble, F., Medicinal Chemistry, iScience, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Janson, J., DMPK, iScience, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Ray, C., Medicinal Chemistry, iScience, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Rosqvist, S., Neuroscience, iScience, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Gustavsson, S., Neuroscience, iScience, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Nilsson, L.I., Medicinal Chemistry, iScience, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Minidis, A., Medicinal Chemistry, iScience, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Holenz, J., Medicinal Chemistry, iScience, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Rotticci, D., Medicinal Chemistry, iScience, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Lundkvist, J., Neuroscience, iScience, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Arvidsson, P.I., CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden, Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Box 574, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden, School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	[No abstract available]	Bioisosteres; Drugs; Gamma-secretase; Sulfonamides; Sulfonimidamides	begacestat; functional group; gamma secretase inhibitor; gsi 136; sulfonamide; sulfonimidamide; unclassified drug; article; in vitro study; in vivo study; lipophilicity; plasma protein binding; priority journal; solubility; synthesis; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases; Animals; Brain; Cells, Cultured; Female; Hepatocytes; Humans; Injections, Subcutaneous; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neuroprotective Agents; Stereoisomerism; Sulfonamides	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949792518	Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Novel Ferroquine and Phenylequine Analogues as Potential Antiplasmodial Agents	Jacobs L., De Kock C., De Villiers K.A., Smith P.J., Smith V.J., Van Otterlo W.A.L., Blackie M.A.L.	2015	ChemMedChem	10	12	10.1002/cmdc.201500349	Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Department of Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X2 Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa	Jacobs, L., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; De Kock, C., Department of Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X2 Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; De Villiers, K.A., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Smith, P.J., Department of Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X2 Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Smith, V.J., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Van Otterlo, W.A.L., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Blackie, M.A.L., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa	7-Chloroquinoline-based antimalarial drugs are effective in the inhibition of hemozoin formation in the food vacuole of the Plasmodium parasite, the causative agent of malaria. We synthesized five series of ferroquine (FQ) and phenylequine (PQ) derivatives, which display good in vitro efficacy toward both the chloroquine-sensitive (CQS) NF54 (IC50: 4.2 nm) and chloroquine-resistant (CQR) Dd2 (IC50: 33.7 nm) strains of P. falciparum. Several compounds were found to have good inhibitory activity against β-hematin formation in an NP-40 detergent assay, with IC50 values ranging between 10.4 and 19.2 μm. © 2015 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.	ferroquine; malaria; oxalamide; phenylequine; β-hematin	antimalarial agent; aromatic amine; artesunate; beta hematin; chloroquine; ethyl 2 [[2 (7 chloroquinolin 4 ylamino)ethyl] [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]benzyl]amino] 2 oxoacetate; ethyl 2 [[3 (7 chloroquinolin 4 ylamino)propyl] [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]benzyl]amino] 2 oxoacetate; ferroquine; hematin; n 1 (7 chloroquinolin 4 yl) n 2 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]benzyl]butan 1,4 diamine; n 1 (7 chloroquinolin 4 yl) n 2 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]benzyl]hexan 1,6 diamine; n 1 (7 chloroquinolin 4 yl) n 2 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocenylmethyl]ethan 1,2 diamine; n 1 (7 chloroquinolin 4 yl) n 3 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocenylmethyl]propan 1,3 diamine; n 1 (7 chloroquinolin 4 yl) n 4 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocenylmethyl]butan 1,4 diamine; n 1 (7 chloroquinolin 4 yl) n 5 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]benzyl]pentan 1,5 diamine; n 1 (7 chloroquinolin 4 yl) n 5 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocenylmethyl]penta 1,5 diamine; n 1 (7 chloroquinolin 4 yl) n 6 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]benzyl]hexan 1,6 diamine; n 1 (7 chloroquinolin 4 yl) n 6 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocenylmethyl]hexane 1,6 diamine; n 1 [2 (7 chloroquinolin 4 ylamino)ethyl] n 2 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]benzyl]oxalamide; n 1 [2 (7 chloroquinolin 4 ylamino)ethyl] n 2 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocenylmethyl]oxalamide; n 1 [2 (7 chloroquinolin 4 ylamino)ethyl] n 4 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocenylmethyl]oxalamide; n 1 [3 (7 chloroquinolin 4 ylamino)ethyl] n 3 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]benzyl]oxalamide; n 1 [3 (7 chloroquinolin 4 ylamino)ethyl] n 3 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocenylmethyl]oxalamide; n 1 [4 (7 chloroquinolin 4 ylamino)ethyl] n 4 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]benzyl]oxalamide; n 1 [4 (7 chloroquinolin 4 ylamino)ethyl] n 4 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocenylmethyl]oxalamide; n 1 [5 (7 chloroquinolin 4 ylamino)ethyl] n 5 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocenylmethyl]oxalamide; n 1 [6 (7 chloroquinolin 4 ylamino)ethyl] n 6 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]benzyl]oxalamide; n 1 [6 (7 chloroquinolin 4 ylamino)ethyl] n 6 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocenylmethyl]oxalamide; phenylequine derivative; unclassified drug; unindexed drug; antimalarial activity; antimalarial drug resistance; Article; carbon nuclear magnetic resonance; cross resistance; drug design; drug efficacy; drug screening; drug synthesis; follow up; hydrogen bond; IC50; in vitro study; infrared spectroscopy; nonhuman; Plasmodium falciparum; priority journal; proton nuclear magnetic resonance; X ray diffraction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-47249092869	Evaluation of the mental health continuum-short form (MHC-SF) in Setswana-speaking South Africans	Keyes C.L.M., Wissing M., Potgieter J.P., Temane M., Kruger A., van Rooy S.	2008	Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy	15	3	10.1002/cpp.572	Emory University, Department of Sociology, 1555 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; North-West University, South Africa	Keyes, C.L.M., Emory University, Department of Sociology, 1555 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Wissing, M., North-West University, South Africa; Potgieter, J.P., North-West University, South Africa; Temane, M., North-West University, South Africa; Kruger, A., North-West University, South Africa; van Rooy, S., North-West University, South Africa	A continuous assessment and a categorical diagnosis of the presence of mental health, described as flourishing, and the absence of mental health, characterized as languishing, is applied to a random sample of 1050 Setswana-speaking adults in the Northwest province of South Africa. Factor analysis revealed that the mental health continuum-short form (MHC-SF) replicated the three-factor structure of emotional, psychological and social well-being found in US samples. The internal reliability of the overall MHC-SF Scale was 0.74. The total score on the MHC-SF correlated 0.52 with a measure of positive affect, between 0.35 and 0.40 with measures of generalized self-efficacy and satisfaction with life, and between 0.30 and 0.35 with measures of coping strategies, sense of coherence, and community collective self-efficacy. The total score on the MHC-SF correlated -0.22. with the total score on the General Health Questionnaire. Criteria for the categorical diagnosis were applied, and findings revealed that 20% were flourishing, 67.8% were moderately mentally healthy, and 12.2% were languishing. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the hypothesized two-continua model of mental health and mental illness found in the USA. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	None	adult; affect; aged; article; controlled study; coping behavior; correlation analysis; cultural factor; emotionality; factorial analysis; female; General Health Questionnaire; human; language ability; life satisfaction; major clinical study; male; mental disease; mental health; Mental Health Continuum Short Form; priority journal; psychological well being; psychometry; reliability; self concept; social aspect; South Africa; United States; Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Female; Health Status Indicators; Health Surveys; Humans; Internal-External Control; Language; Male; Mental Disorders; Mental Health; Middle Aged; Psychometrics; Quality of Life; Questionnaires; Reproducibility of Results; Rural Population; Self Efficacy; South Africa; Translating; Urban Population	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-60249099900	Corporate social and environmental reporting and the impact of internal environmental policy in South Africa	Mitchell C.G., Hill T.	2009	Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management	16	1	10.1002/csr.179	University of Maine, Farmington, Business Department, Farmington, ME, United States; University of KwaZulu-Natal, Discipline of Geography, School of Environmental Science, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa; University of Maine, Farmington, Business Department, 270 Main Street, Farmington, ME 04938, United States	Mitchell, C.G., University of Maine, Farmington, Business Department, Farmington, ME, United States, University of Maine, Farmington, Business Department, 270 Main Street, Farmington, ME 04938, United States; Hill, T., University of KwaZulu-Natal, Discipline of Geography, School of Environmental Science, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa	The paper investigates the development and use of corporate social and environmental reporting by businesses within a large municipality in South Africa. There is a strong call for improved CSR, and a greater degree of accountability and transparency by business. The survey was conducted through the use of interviews following a structured questionnaire with the Global Reporting Initiative used as an appropriate framework. This approach allowed us to determine the challenges businesses face in implementing a comprehensive CSR system in the South African context and why, other than companies which are part of a group, businesses are unable or unwilling to increase external reporting. We suggest that implementation of a comprehensive and externally controlled and certified standard, such as ISO 14001 would not only reduce environmental impacts, but facilitate increased CSR. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-42449088085	Performance of the panleucogating protocol for CD4+ T cell enumeration in an HIV dedicated laboratory facility in Barbados	Sippy-Chatrani N., Marshall S., Branch S., Carmichael-Simmons K., Landis R.C., Abayomi A.	2008	Cytometry Part B - Clinical Cytometry	74	SUPPL. 1	10.1002/cyto.b.20406	Ladymeade Reference Unit, Ministry of Health, Barbados; Edmund Cohen Laboratory for Vascular Research, University of the West Indies, Cavehill Campus, Barbados; School of Clinical Medicine and Research, University of the West Indies, Cavehill Campus, Barbados; Tygerberg Academic Hospital and Medical School, University of Stellenbosch, Capetown, South Africa; Ladymeade Reference Unit, Ladymeade Gardens, Jemmott's Lane, St. Michael, Barbados	Sippy-Chatrani, N., Ladymeade Reference Unit, Ministry of Health, Barbados, Ladymeade Reference Unit, Ladymeade Gardens, Jemmott's Lane, St. Michael, Barbados; Marshall, S., Ladymeade Reference Unit, Ministry of Health, Barbados; Branch, S., Ladymeade Reference Unit, Ministry of Health, Barbados; Carmichael-Simmons, K., Ladymeade Reference Unit, Ministry of Health, Barbados; Landis, R.C., Edmund Cohen Laboratory for Vascular Research, University of the West Indies, Cavehill Campus, Barbados; Abayomi, A., Ladymeade Reference Unit, Ministry of Health, Barbados, School of Clinical Medicine and Research, University of the West Indies, Cavehill Campus, Barbados, Tygerberg Academic Hospital and Medical School, University of Stellenbosch, Capetown, South Africa	Objective: To compare the Panleucogating (PLG) protocol with the routinely used four-color protocol for CD4+ T cell count enumeration. Design and Methods: One hundred fifty-three blood samples were randomly selected from samples received at the National HIV Laboratory for routine immunological monitoring. Samples were prepared using Coulter CYTO-STAT® tetraCHROME monoclonal antibodies and FlowCARE™ PLG CD4 reagent for four-color and PLG, respectively, and analyzed on the Beckman Coulter EPICS XL flow cytometer. The PLG protocol used a sequential gating strategy where CD4+ T cells were identified using side scatter properties of cells and CD45 staining. The four-color protocol used CD45 and CD3 to identify CD4+ T cells. Results: Absolute CD4+ T cell counts and percentages ranged from 4 to 1,285 cells/μL and 0.9 to 46.7%, respectively. Linear regression analyses revealed good correlation of PLG with the four-color protocol (absolute counts, R2 = 0.95; percentages, R2 = 0.98) over the entire range including the clinically relevant range. Bland Altman statistics revealed no bias for CD4 counts <500 cells/μL and a slight underestimation by PLG for counts >500 cells/μL (Bias = -32.7 cells/μL; 95% agreement limits = -151.3- +86.0). CD4+ T cell percentages were the similar over the entire range (Bias = 0.6%; 95% agreement limits = -1.97 ± 3.18). Conclusions: PLG is an accurate method for enumerating CD4+ T cells and has resulted in major cost savings to the Government of Barbados. This has implications for the sustainability of the National HIV containment program in Barbados and the other resource limited Caribbean countries. The PLG technique is now being routinely used in Barbados. © 2008 Clinical Cytometry Society.	CD4 T cell enumeration; Flow cytometry; Four-color gating; Panleucogating	monoclonal antibody; article; blood sampling; CD4 lymphocyte count; CD4+ T lymphocyte; data analysis; flow cytometry; human; human cell; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunological monitoring; leukocyte; linear regression analysis; lymphocyte count; major clinical study; priority journal; T lymphocyte; Barbados; cost; economics; immunology; laboratory; methodology; pathology; regression analysis; standard; Barbados; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Costs and Cost Analysis; HIV Infections; Humans; Laboratories; Regression Analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-75149117396	From research tool to routine test: CD38 monitoring in HIV patients	Coetzee L.M., Tay S.S., Lawrie D., Janossy G., Glencross D.K.	2009	Cytometry Part B - Clinical Cytometry	76	6	10.1002/cyto.b.20478	Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Collaborative Transplantation Research Group, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia	Coetzee, L.M., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Tay, S.S., Collaborative Transplantation Research Group, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Lawrie, D., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Janossy, G., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Glencross, D.K., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Background: CD38 expression on CD8+ T lymphocytes in HIV-infected patients is monitored by flow cytometry (FCM). There is however no consensus re CD38 protocols, analyses or result reporting within/ between laboratories. Internal quality control measures (QC) were established for a standardized CD38 protocol and a system proposed for reporting CD38 fluctuation in longitudinal HIV+ patient monitoring. Methods: A single-platform (SP) CD38/CD8 protocol was "piggy-backed" onto the standardized "panleucogating" CD45/CD4+ protocol. A weekly QC was established to monitor instrument stability (Flow-SETTM) and absolute cell count accuracy and reproducibility (stabilized blood product, Immuno-TrolTM). The Mean Fluorescence Intensity (MFI) of CD38 expression on CD8+-lymphocytes was monitored on both stabilized blood and HIV-control samples. Linearized MFI values were determined from biological controls, i.e. healthy donor monocytes and granulocytes, and tested as a method of reporting CD38 expression on selected HIV+ patients on ART. Results: The CD45/CD4/CD8/CD3 method for lymphocyte enumeration compared well with the CD38 protocol (CD45/CD4/CD8/CD38) with excellent similarity (±100%) and precision for absolute CD4 and CD8 counts (CVs < 5%). Fluorosphere MFI- (FlowSetTM, FlowCountTM) and color compensation values were exceptionally stable over time. CD38 MFI values established on monocytes as biological control was 4.0 and <2.0 for HIV-control lymphocytes. Conclusions: Monitoring FCM with fluorosphere MFI values, color compensation, and biological controls, can ensure that CD38 analyses are technologically stable. Flow cytometry is thus the preferred method to monitor fluctuations in CD38 MFI (CD38 molecules/cell) associated with HIV-disease progression and/or response to ART and has potential for application across instruments and centers. © 2009 Clinical Cytometry Society.	CD38; CD4; CD8; HIV infection; Panleucogating; Quality control; Standardization	CD3 antigen; CD38 antigen; CD4 antigen; CD8 antigen; antigen expression; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; CD8+ T lymphocyte; controlled study; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test; disease course; flow cytometry; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; medical research; patient monitoring; priority journal; quality control; Antigens, CD38; Antigens, CD45; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Disease Progression; Flow Cytometry; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Quality Control; Reproducibility of Results; T-Lymphocyte Subsets	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876468432	Transbronchial fine needle aspiration biopsy and rapid on-site evaluation in the setting of superior vena cava syndrome	Brundyn K., Koegelenberg C.F.N., Diacon A.H., Louw M., Schubert P., Bolliger C.T., Van Den Heuvel M.M., Wright C.A.	2013	Diagnostic Cytopathology	41	4	10.1002/dc.21857	Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University, P O Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa	Brundyn, K., Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University, P O Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505, Cape Town, South Africa; Koegelenberg, C.F.N., Department of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Diacon, A.H., Department of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Louw, M., Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University, P O Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505, Cape Town, South Africa; Schubert, P., Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University, P O Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505, Cape Town, South Africa; Bolliger, C.T., Department of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Van Den Heuvel, M.M., Department of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Wright, C.A., Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University, P O Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505, Cape Town, South Africa	There is a paucity of prospective data on flexible bronchoscopy with rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) in the setting of superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome. The aims of this prospective study were to assess the diagnostic yield and safety of these investigations and specifically to evaluate the role of ROSE in limiting the need for tissue biopsies. Over a 5-year period 48 patients (57.4 ± 9.7 years) with SVC syndrome secondary to intrathoracic tumors underwent flexible bronchoscopy with TBNA and ROSE. Endobronchial Forceps biopsy was reserved for visible endobronchial tumors with no on-site confirmation of diagnostic material. ROSE confirmed diagnostic material in 41 cases (85.4%), and in only one of the remaining cases did the addition of a forceps biopsy increase the diagnostic yield (overall diagnostic yield of 87.5%). No serious complications were noted. The final diagnoses made included nonsmall lung cancer (n = 27), small cell lung cancer (n = 16), and metastatic carcinoma (n = 3). Two undiagnosed cases died of suspected advanced neoplasms (unknown primary tumors). We conclude that TBNA has a high diagnostic yield and is safe in the setting of SVC syndrome. With the addition of ROSE, tissue biopsy is required in the minority of cases. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	bronchogenic carcinoma; rapid on-site evaluation; superior vena cava syndrome; transbronchial fine needle aspiration biopsy	adult; advanced cancer; aged; article; breast carcinoma; bronchoscopy; clinical article; clinical evaluation; diagnostic value; female; fine needle aspiration biopsy; human; lung non small cell cancer; lung small cell cancer; male; metastasis; priority journal; prospective study; prostate carcinoma; rapid on site evaluation; superior cava vein syndrome; thorax tumor; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; cell nucleus; evaluation study; fine needle aspiration biopsy; middle aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; nuclear shape; procedures; sensitivity and specificity; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma; Superior Vena Cava Syndrome; Aged; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Bronchoscopy; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Cell Nucleus; Cell Nucleus Shape; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma; Superior Vena Cava Syndrome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904573626	Comparing determinants of alien bird impacts across two continents: Implications for risk assessment and management	Evans T., Kumschick S., Dyer E., Blackburn T.	2014	Ecology and Evolution	4	14	10.1002/ece3.1144	Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom; Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, United Kingdom; Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; King Saud University, Riyadh, 1145, Saudi Arabia; Environment Institute, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia	Evans, T., Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom; Kumschick, S., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Dyer, E., Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, United Kingdom, Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Blackburn, T., Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, United Kingdom, King Saud University, Riyadh, 1145, Saudi Arabia, Environment Institute, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia	Invasive alien species can have serious adverse impacts on both the environment and the economy. Being able to predict the impacts of an alien species could assist in preventing or reducing these impacts. This study aimed to establish whether there are any life history traits consistently correlated with the impacts of alien birds across two continents, Europe and Australia, as a first step toward identifying life history traits that may have the potential to be adopted as predictors of alien bird impacts. A recently established impact scoring system was used in combination with a literature review to allocate impact scores to alien bird species with self-sustaining populations in Australia. These scores were then tested for correlation with a series of life history traits. The results were compared to data from a previous study in Europe, undertaken using the same methodology, in order to establish whether there are any life history traits consistently correlated with impact across both continents. Habitat generalism was the only life history trait found to be consistently correlated with impact in both Europe and Australia. This trait shows promise as a potential predictor of alien bird impacts. The results support the findings of previous studies in this field, and could be used to inform decisions regarding the prevention and management of future invasions. © 2014 The Authors.	Alien birds; Biological invasion; Habitat generalism; Impact prediction; Life history traits; Risk assessment	None	SNSF, Swiss National Science Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84931269184	Diversity of honey stores and their impact on pathogenic bacteria of the honeybee, Apis mellifera	Erler S., Denner A., Bobiş O., Forsgren E., Moritz R.F.A.	2014	Ecology and Evolution	4	20	10.1002/ece3.1252	Departamentul de Apicultură şi Sericicultură, Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Institut für Biologie, Molekulare Ökologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 4, Halle, Germany; Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7044, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Erler, S., Departamentul de Apicultură şi Sericicultură, Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Institut für Biologie, Molekulare Ökologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 4, Halle, Germany; Denner, A., Departamentul de Apicultură şi Sericicultură, Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Institut für Biologie, Molekulare Ökologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 4, Halle, Germany; Bobiş, O., Departamentul de Apicultură şi Sericicultură, Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Forsgren, E., Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7044, Uppsala, Sweden; Moritz, R.F.A., Departamentul de Apicultură şi Sericicultură, Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Institut für Biologie, Molekulare Ökologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 4, Halle, Germany, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Honeybee colonies offer an excellent environment for microbial pathogen development. The highest virulent, colony killing, bacterial agents are Paenibacillus larvae causing American foulbrood (AFB), and European foulbrood (EFB) associated bacteria. Besides the innate immune defense, honeybees evolved behavioral defenses to combat infections. Foraging of antimicrobial plant compounds plays a key role for this "social immunity" behavior. Secondary plant metabolites in floral nectar are known for their antimicrobial effects. Yet, these compounds are highly plant specific, and the effects on bee health will depend on the floral origin of the honey produced. As worker bees not only feed themselves, but also the larvae and other colony members, honey is a prime candidate acting as self-medication agent in honeybee colonies to prevent or decrease infections. Here, we test eight AFB and EFB bacterial strains and the growth inhibitory activity of three honey types. Using a high-throughput cell growth assay, we show that all honeys have high growth inhibitory activity and the two monofloral honeys appeared to be strain specific. The specificity of the monofloral honeys and the strong antimicrobial potential of the polyfloral honey suggest that the diversity of honeys in the honey stores of a colony may be highly adaptive for its "social immunity" against the highly diverse suite of pathogens encountered in nature. This ecological diversity may therefore operate similar to the well-known effects of host genetic variance in the arms race between host and parasite. © 2014 The Authors.	Paenibacillus larvae; American foulbrood; Antimicrobial activity; Disease ecology; European foulbrood; Host-parasite interaction; Self-medication	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886261567	Non-linear feeding functional responses in the Greater Flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus) predict immediate negative impact of wetland degradation on this flagship species	Deville A.-S., Grémillet D., Gauthier-Clerc M., Guillemain M., Von Houwald F., Gardelli B., Béchet A.	2013	Ecology and Evolution	3	5	10.1002/ece3.554	Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, 13200 Arles, France; Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS UMR 5175, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France; FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Departement Chrono-Environnement, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 USC INRA, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France; Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, CNERA Avifaune Migratrice, La Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, F-13200 Arles, France; Basel zoo, Bachlettenstrasse 75, 4054 Basel, Switzerland	Deville, A.-S., Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, 13200 Arles, France, Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS UMR 5175, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France; Grémillet, D., Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS UMR 5175, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France, FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Gauthier-Clerc, M., Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, 13200 Arles, France, Departement Chrono-Environnement, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 USC INRA, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France; Guillemain, M., Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, CNERA Avifaune Migratrice, La Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, F-13200 Arles, France; Von Houwald, F., Basel zoo, Bachlettenstrasse 75, 4054 Basel, Switzerland; Gardelli, B., Basel zoo, Bachlettenstrasse 75, 4054 Basel, Switzerland; Béchet, A., Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, 13200 Arles, France	Accurate knowledge of the functional response of predators to prey density is essential for understanding food web dynamics, to parameterize mechanistic models of animal responses to environmental change, and for designing appropriate conservation measures. Greater flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus), a flagship species of Mediterranean wetlands, primarily feed on Artemias (Artemia spp.) in commercial salt pans, an industry which may collapse for economic reasons. Flamingos also feed on alternative prey such as Chironomid larvae (e.g., Chironomid spp.) and rice seeds (Oryza sativa). However, the profitability of these food items for flamingos remains unknown. We determined the functional responses of flamingos feeding on Artemias, Chironomids, or rice. Experiments were conducted on 11 captive flamingos. For each food item, we offered different ranges of food densities, up to 13 times natural abundance. Video footage allowed estimating intake rates. Contrary to theoretical predictions for filter feeders, intake rates did not increase linearly with increasing food density (type I). Intake rates rather increased asymptotically with increasing food density (type II) or followed a sigmoid shape (type III). Hence, flamingos were not able to ingest food in direct proportion to their abundance, possibly because of unique bill structure resulting in limited filtering capabilities. Overall, flamingos foraged more efficiently on Artemias. When feeding on Chironomids, birds had lower instantaneous rates of food discovery and required more time to extract food from the sediment and ingest it, than when filtering Artemias from the water column. However, feeding on rice was energetically more profitable for flamingos than feeding on Artemias or Chironomids, explaining their attraction for rice fields. Crucially, we found that food densities required for flamingos to reach asymptotic intake rates are rarely met under natural conditions. This allows us to predict an immediate negative effect of any decrease in prey density upon flamingo foraging performance. © 2013 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.	Artemia spp; Attack rate; Conservation; Filter feeder; Food intake rate; Handling time; Salt pans	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892479381	Modelling the impacts of reforestation on the projected hydroclimatology of Niger River Basin, West Africa	Oguntunde P.G., Abiodun B.J., Lischeid G., Merz C.	2014	Ecohydrology	7	1	10.1002/eco.1343	Institute of Landscape Hydrology, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany; Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Soil, Water and Environment Section, Department of Agricultural Engineering, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Oguntunde, P.G., Institute of Landscape Hydrology, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany, Soil, Water and Environment Section, Department of Agricultural Engineering, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Abiodun, B.J., Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Lischeid, G., Institute of Landscape Hydrology, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany; Merz, C., Institute of Landscape Hydrology, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany	This study simulates the impacts of reforestation on hydroclimatology of Niger River Basin (NRB) under enhanced greenhouse gases (GHGs). A regional climate model (RegCM3) was used to dynamically downscale hydroclimatological variables of NRB for present-day (PRS), and for future climate scenarios (with and without reforestation). The data were further analysed to detect changes in water balance components and the moisture recycling ratios. Under A1B scenario, warmer climate was projected over the entire basin in all seasons, a drier climate during the rainy season, and a wetter climate during the dry season. Reforestation along NRB (GBR) reduces the GHG warming over the basin both seasons, but increases it north-east of the basin in July-September (JAS). Both reforestation scenarios could enhance rainfall over the reforested area. With reforestation over Sahel (GSR), seasonal evapotranspiration increases between 3·6% and 14·4%; but with GBR, evapotranspiration reduces between -12·4% and -4·3%. The GSR option offsets the projected annual GHG effects on moisture recycling over the basin. Evaporation coefficient decreased by about 5% under elevated CO2 while runoff coefficient increased. Reforestation reduces the projected warming and drying over the reforested zones because of its influence on the monsoon flow (reduction in speed). Hence, with reforestation in summer, the onset of monsoon delays in bringing in the cool moist air over the area located downwind of the reforested zone; this increases the temperature and reduces rainfall amount over the area. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Climate change; Hydroclimatology; Mitigation; Niger River Basin; Reforestation	Evaporation coefficients; Future climate scenarios; Hydro climatologies; Mitigation; Regional climate models (RegCM3); River basins; Seasonal evapotranspirations; Water balance components; Atmospheric thermodynamics; Carbon dioxide; Climate change; Evapotranspiration; Greenhouse gases; Moisture; Rain; Water recycling; Watersheds; Reforestation; climate change; climate modeling; climatology; dry season; evapotranspiration; future prospect; hydrometeorology; reforestation; water budget; Niger Basin	NRF, Neurosurgical Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925261279	Synthesis of CpM(CO)3-DAB and -PAMAM dendrimer conjugates and preliminary evaluation of their biological activity	Hu W., Hoyer J., Neundorf I., Govender P., Smith G.S., Schatzschneider U.	2015	European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry	2015	9	10.1002/ejic.201403060	Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians- Universität Würzburg, Am HublandWürzburg, Germany; Institut für Biochemie, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 47, Köln, Germany; Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, South Africa	Hu, W., Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians- Universität Würzburg, Am HublandWürzburg, Germany; Hoyer, J., Institut für Biochemie, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 47, Köln, Germany; Neundorf, I., Institut für Biochemie, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 47, Köln, Germany; Govender, P., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, South Africa; Smith, G.S., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, South Africa; Schatzschneider, U., Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians- Universität Würzburg, Am HublandWürzburg, Germany	Dendrimers of different generations and core structures [diaminobutane poly(propylenimine) (DAB) G1, G2, G3; poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) G1] were chosen as carriers for bioactive organometallic half-sandwich complexes of the type CpM(CO)3 (Cp = cyclopentadienyl, M = Mn or Re) to study the influence of these parameters on their biological activity against cancer cells. Structure-activity relationships were determined by variation of the metal center as well as the type, molecular weight, and number of terminal functional groups of the dendrimer conjugates. All conjugates were characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy as well as HPLC. Their biological activity was determined on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells by the resazurin assay. Interestingly, the most-active compounds were the first-generation dendrimer conjugates. The Mn and Re series showed nearly the same activities. Thus, the cytotoxicity of the dendrimer conjugates does not seem to directly correlate with the type or number of terminal functional groups. Rather, it points to a mechanism of action that is different from that previously observed for peptide conjugates with similar CpM(CO)3 functional groups. Dendrimers of different generation and core structure are used as carriers for bioactive organometallic half-sandwich complexes of the type CpM(CO)3 (Cp = cyclopentadienyl, M = Mn or Re). Interestingly, the most-active compounds are the first-generation dendrimer conjugates, and the influence of the metal center is much less pronounced. Copyright © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.	Anticancer activity; Bioorganometallic chemistry; Dendrimers; Manganese; Rhenium	None	National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924350478	Trinuclear half-sandwich RuII, RhIII and IrIII polyester organometallic complexes: Synthesis and in vitro evaluation as antitumor agents	Burgoyne A.R., Makhubela B.C.E., Meyer M., Smith G.S.	2015	European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry	2015	8	10.1002/ejic.201403192	Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa	Burgoyne, A.R., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Makhubela, B.C.E., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Meyer, M., Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa; Smith, G.S., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa	Schiff base ligands obtained from the condensation of 4-aminophenylmethanol and either 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde or salicylaldehyde were used to synthesise bidentate trimeric ester ligands. The trimeric ester ligands were used to prepare a new series of trinuclear polyester organometallic complexes by using the dimeric precursors, [Ru(η6-p-iPrC6H4Me)Cl2]2, [Rh(C5Me5)Cl2]2 or [Ir(C5Me5)Cl2]2. The Schiff base ligands act as bidentate donors to each metal. All compounds were characterised by NMR and IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and EI/ESI mass spectrometry. Model mononuclear analogues were prepared, and the molecular structures of selected compounds were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The mono- and trimeric ligands and the metal complexes were evaluated for inhibitory effects against the human ovarian cancer cell lines, A2780 (cisplatin-sensitive) and A2780cisR (cisplatin-resistant), and the model human skin fibroblast cell line, KMST-6. Polyester-containing trinuclear half-sandwich RuII, RhIII and IrIII complexes were prepared and characterised. The cytotoxicity was investigated for all compounds. Aqueous stability studies and interactions with model DNA 5′-GMP were performed for the most-active compounds. Copyright © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.	Antitumor agents; Bioorganometallic chemistry; Half-sandwich complexes; Polyesters	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861815460	Microwave-assisted synthesis of guanidine organocatalysts bearing a tetrahydroisoquinoline framework and their evaluation in Michael addition reactions	Naicker T., Arvidsson P.I., Kruger H.G., Maguire G.E.M., Govender T.	2012	European Journal of Organic Chemistry	None	17	10.1002/ejoc.201200303	School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag 4000, Durban, South Africa; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; Innovative Medicines, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Sodertalje, 15185 Sodertalje, Sweden; School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, South Africa	Naicker, T., School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag 4000, Durban, South Africa; Arvidsson, P.I., School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag 4000, Durban, South Africa, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden, Innovative Medicines, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Sodertalje, 15185 Sodertalje, Sweden; Kruger, H.G., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, South Africa; Maguire, G.E.M., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, South Africa; Govender, T., School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag 4000, Durban, South Africa	The simple and practical syntheses of chiral guanidine organocatalysts and their evaluation in the asymmetric Michael addition reaction of malonates and β-keto esters with nitro-olefins is reported. These organocatalysts are the first of their kind based on a tetrahydroisoquinoline framework. In addition, a microwave-assisted procedure for introducing the guanidine unit onto amino amide derivatives is reported. The chiral products were obtained with quantitative chemical efficiency (up to 99 % yield) and excellent enantioselectivity (up to 97 % ee). Copyright © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.	Michael addition; Microwave chemistry; Organocatalysis	None	None
WoS	WOS:000295231700003	The impact of Gacaca tribunals in Rwanda: Psychosocial effects of participation in a truth and reconciliation process after a genocide	Kanyangara, Patrick,Paez, Dario,Rime, Bernard,Yzerbyt, Vincent	2011	EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY	41	6	10.1002/ejsp.822	University of Basque Country, University of Rwanda, Univ Louvain	"Paez, Dario: University of Basque Country",	Victims (N = 200) of the 1994 genocide in Rwanda and prisoners (N = 184) accused of genocidal acts reported their genocide-related emotions and outgroup perceptions before and after their participation to Truth and Reconciliation Gacaca trials. So did control groups of victims (N = 195) and prisoners (N = 176) not yet exposed to Gacaca. The data supported Durkheim's model of social rituals as cultural tools for transforming emotions, reasserting norms, and enhancing cohesion. Specifically, participation entailed the general reactivation of resignation negative emotions, the enhancement of shame among prisoners, and the decrease of shame among victims, whereas the opposite pattern occurred for antagonist emotions. Participation also enhanced social integration by reducing perceived outgroup homogeneity, decreasing ingroup self-categorization, and increasing positive stereotypes among both victim and prisoner participants. Moreover, the increase in genocide-related emotions resulting from participation was associated to positive changes outcomes, suggesting that the increase of negative emotions is an important mechanism at work in collective events of this type. Enhancement of the perception of a positive emotional climate (solidarity and trust) was limited to perpetrator participants. Together, these findings show that Durkheim's model can be extended to restorative justice trials involving both victims and perpetrators. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	,"COLLECTIVE ACTION","EMOTIONAL CLIMATE",FORGIVENESS,"INTERGROUP CONTACT","POSTTRAUMATIC GROWTH",RECIPIENTS,RITUALS	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33748526198	UV-visible and electrochemical monitoring of carbon monoxide release by donor complexes to myoglobin solutions and to electrodes modified with films containing hemin	Obirai J.C., Hamadi S., Ithurbide A., Wartelle C., Nyokong T., Zagal J., Top S., Bedioui F.	2006	Electroanalysis	18	17	10.1002/elan.200603571	Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, UMR CNRS 8151/U INSERM 640, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France; Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Facultad de Química Y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile; Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie des Complexes Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 7576, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France	Obirai, J.C., Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, UMR CNRS 8151/U INSERM 640, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Hamadi, S., Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, UMR CNRS 8151/U INSERM 640, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France; Ithurbide, A., Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, UMR CNRS 8151/U INSERM 640, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France; Wartelle, C., Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, UMR CNRS 8151/U INSERM 640, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France; Nyokong, T., Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Zagal, J., Facultad de Química Y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile; Top, S., Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie des Complexes Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 7576, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France; Bedioui, F., Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, UMR CNRS 8151/U INSERM 640, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France	This study reports on the evaluation of the CO donating behavior of tricarbonyl dichloro ruthenium(II) dimer ([Ru(CO)3Cl 2]2) and 1,3-dimethoxyphenyl tricarbonyl chromium (C 6H3(MeO)2Cr(CO)3) complex by UV-visible technique and electrochemical technique. The CO release was monitored by following the modifications of the UV-visible features of MbFe(II) in phosphate buffer solution and the redox features of reduced Hemin, HmFe(II), confined at the surface of a vitreous carbon electrode. In the latter case, the interaction between the hemin-modified electrode and the released CO was seen through the observation of an increase of the reduction current related to the FeIII/FeII redox process of the immobilized porphyrin. While the ruthenium-based complex, ([Ru(CO)3Cl2] 2), depended on the presence of Fe(II) species to release CO, it was found that the chromium-based complex released spontaneously CO. This was facilitated by illuminating and/or simple stirring of the solution containing the complex. © 2006 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.	Carbon monoxide; Chromium CO-releasing complex; Cyclic voltammetry; Hemin modified electrode; Myoglobin; Ruthenium complex; UV-visible spectrophotometry	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84954323650	Forensic performance of Investigator DIPplex indels genotyping kit in native, immigrant, and admixed populations in South Africa	Hefke G., Davison S., D'Amato M.E.	2015	Electrophoresis	36	24	10.1002/elps.201500243	Forensic DNA Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa; South African Police Service Forensic Science Laboratory, Biology Unit, Panorama, South Africa	Hefke, G., Forensic DNA Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa, South African Police Service Forensic Science Laboratory, Biology Unit, Panorama, South Africa; Davison, S., Forensic DNA Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa; D'Amato, M.E., Forensic DNA Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa	The utilization of binary markers in human individual identification is gaining ground in forensic genetics. We analyzed the polymorphisms from the first commercial indel kit Investigator DIPplex (Qiagen) in 512 individuals from Afrikaner, Indian, admixed Cape Colored, and the native Bantu Xhosa and Zulu origin in South Africa and evaluated forensic and population genetics parameters for their forensic application in South Africa. The levels of genetic diversity in population and forensic parameters in South Africa are similar to other published data, with lower diversity values for the native Bantu. Departures from Hardy-Weinberg expectations were observed in HLD97 in Indians, Admixed and Bantus, along with 6.83% homozygotes in the Bantu populations. Sequencing of the flanking regions showed a previously reported transition G>A in rs17245568. Strong population structure was detected with Fst, AMOVA, and the Bayesian unsupervised clustering method in STRUCTURE. Therefore we evaluated the efficiency of individual assignments to population groups using the ancestral membership proportions from STRUCTURE and the Bayesian classification algorithm in Snipper App Suite. Both methods showed low cross-assignment error (0-4%) between Bantus and either Afrikaners or Indians. The differentiation between populations seems to be driven by four loci under positive selection pressure. Based on these results, we draw recommendations for the application of this kit in SA. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.	Assignment; Indels; Population structure; Positive selection; South Africa	classification algorithm; DNA flanking region; expectation; gene frequency; genetic polymorphism; genetic variability; genotype; homozygote; human; immigrant; indel mutation; Indian; major clinical study; population structure; South Africa; Xhosa (people)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-55949127472	Performance evaluation of a hot-box reflector solar cooker using a microcontroller-based measurement system	Mukaro R., Tinarwo D.	2008	International Journal of Energy Research	32	14	10.1002/er.1441	School of Physics, Faculty of Agriculture and Science, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa; Physics Department, Bindura University of Science, Private Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, ICTP, Italy; University of Kassel (ISET e.V), Witzenhausen, Germany	Mukaro, R., School of Physics, Faculty of Agriculture and Science, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa, Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, ICTP, Italy; Tinarwo, D., Physics Department, Bindura University of Science, Private Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe, University of Kassel (ISET e.V), Witzenhausen, Germany	The performance of a low-cost compound box-reflector solar cooker designed and constructed by the department of Mechanical Engineering, at the University of Zimbabwe, was investigated and evaluated using a microcontroller-based measurement system over a period of 3 months. Solar radiation and temperature measurements are sent directly to the computer for monitoring and subsequent analysis using a spreadsheet program. The system is connected to the computer through the RS232 port. Temperature was measured by LM335 temperature sensors, whereas solar radiation was measured by a Kipp & Zonen CM3 thermopile-based pyranometer that was initially calibrated against the Eppley Precision Spectral Pyranometer. Peak temperatures of about 90°C for the food can be attained in about 5 h on a clear day in Bindura, Zimbabwe (18°S, 31°E). A standardized cooking power of 11W and an overall efficiency of 15% were found for this cooker. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Ambient temperature; Efficiency; Microcontroller; Performance evaluation; Pyranometer; Solar cooker; Solar radiation; Standardized cooking power	Ambient temperature; Microcontroller; Performance evaluation; Pyranometer; Solar cooker; Standardized cooking power; Electric batteries; Electromagnetic waves; Microcontrollers; Reflection; Solar equipment; Solar radiation; Sun; Temperature; Temperature measurement; Solar energy	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84931843490	Thermodynamic analysis and performance optimization of organic rankine cycles for the conversion of low-to-moderate grade geothermal heat	Yekoladio P.J., Bello-Ochende T., Meyer J.P.	2015	International Journal of Energy Research	39	9	10.1002/er.3326	Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, South Africa; Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa	Yekoladio, P.J., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, South Africa; Bello-Ochende, T., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, South Africa; Meyer, J.P., Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa	The present study considers a thermodynamic analysis and performance optimization of geothermal power cycles. The proposed binary-cycles operate with moderately low temperature and liquid-dominated geothermal resources in the range of 110°C to 160°C, and cooling air at ambient conditions of 25°C and 101.3kPa reference temperature and atmospheric pressure, respectively. A thermodynamic optimization process and an irreversibility analysis were performed to maximize the power output while minimizing the overall exergy destruction and improving the First-law and Second-law efficiencies of the cycle. Maximum net power output was observed to increase exponentially with the geothermal resource temperature to yield 16-49kW per unit mass flow rate of the geothermal fluid for the non-regenerative organic Rankine cycles (ORCs), as compared with 8-34kW for the regenerative cycles. The cycle First-law efficiency was determined in the range of 8-15% for the investigated geothermal binary power cycles. Maximum Second-law efficiency of approximately 56% was achieved by the ORC with an internal heat exchanger. In addition, a performance analysis of selected pure organic fluids such as R123, R152a, isobutane and n-pentane, with boiling points in the range of -24°C to 36°C, was conducted under saturation temperature and subcritical pressure operating conditions of the turbine. Organic fluids with higher boiling point temperature, such as n-pentane, were recommended for non-regenerative cycles. The regenerative ORCs, however, require organic fluids with lower vapour specific heat capacity (i.e. isobutane) for an optimal operation of the binary-cycle. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Exergy; Geothermal energy; Irreversibility analysis; Optimization; Organic rankine cycle	Atmospheric pressure; Atmospheric temperature; Bins; Boiling point; Exergy; Geothermal fields; Optimization; Paraffins; Rankine cycle; Specific heat; Thermoanalysis; Thermodynamic properties; Thermodynamics; Boiling-point temperature; Internal heat exchanger; Irreversibility analysis; Organic Rankine cycles; Organic rankine cycles (ORCs); Performance optimizations; Thermo dynamic analysis; Thermodynamic optimization; Geothermal energy	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-69749116567	Rethinking climate change impacts on subsurface temperatures in a sub-Antarctic mire affected by synoptic scale processes	Nel W., van der Merwe B.J., Meiklejohn K.I.	2009	Earth Surface Processes and Landforms	34	10	10.1002/esp.1823	Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa; Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Nel, W., Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa; van der Merwe, B.J., Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Meiklejohn, K.I., Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	This paper presents the first high resolution temperature data from a small Agrostis magellanica mire on subantarctic Marion Island as part of an ongoing island-wide monitoring project on subsurface ground temperature variability. Variations in ground temperatures were found to be directly linked to the passage of synoptic scale weather systems that influence thermal characteristics and heat fluxes especially in the upper 30 cm of the mire. Preliminary data published here suggest that shallow temperatures will be most affected by changes in synoptic climate that Marion Island is currently experiencing with an increase in average temperatures and a reduction in temperature variability with depth. This study proposes that to effectively detect the ecosystem responses to climate change in a maritime sub-Antarctic environment the temporal scale of measurement needs to be at least on a diurnal scale to be effective. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Climate change; Marion Island; Mire temperatures; Synoptic weather	Agrostis; Average temperature; Climate change impact; Ecosystem response; Ground temperature; High resolution temperature datum; Marion Island; Mire temperatures; Preliminary data; Subsurface temperature; Synoptic weather; Temperature variability; Temporal scale; Thermal characteristics; Weather systems; Climate change; climate change; climate effect; heat flux; mire; surface temperature; synoptic meteorology; Indian Ocean; Indian Ocean islands; Marion Island; Prince Edward Islands; Agrostis magellanica	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84954221022	Extreme rainfall and its impact on cultivated landscapes with particular reference to Britain	Boardman J.	2015	Earth Surface Processes and Landforms	40	15	10.1002/esp.3792	Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Boardman, J., Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Extreme rainfall events (>50mmday-1) falling on cultivated land which is relatively bare of vegetation cover, typically give rise to networks of rills and gullies with ephemeral gullies in depressions and valley bottoms. Farming practices such as the removal of field boundaries, the presence of wheelings and rolled surfaces encourage runoff. The coincidence of vulnerable crops such as maize, potatoes and sugar beet with erodible soils and sloping sites may lead to high rates of erosion associated with single events or wet seasons. Not all extreme rainfall events lead to runoff and erosion, this depends on timing with respect to the growing crop. Rates of erosion associated with extreme events may be high but when placed in a long-term temporal context, they tend to be quite low. Extreme events frequently lead to off-site impacts most notably muddy flooding of properties and the pollution of watercourses. Landscapes may be protected from extreme events by standard soil conservation techniques; off-site impacts may similarly be alleviated by flood-protection measures. In both cases, the challenge is to put in place adequate economic incentives, social pressures and governmental policy frameworks to incentivise effective action. Predicted rainfall changes in the future include wetter winters and increases in rain per rain-day. In this case, the risk of erosion on cultivated land will increase. However, erosion mitigation strategies should still address the issue of the incidence of high-risk crops on vulnerable sites. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Cultivated landscapes; Extreme rainfall; Runoff; Soil erosion	Crops; Cultivation; Erosion; Flood control; Floods; Land use; Landforms; Precipitation (meteorology); Runoff; Soil conservation; Soils; Sugar beets; Water pollution; Cultivated landscapes; Economic incentive; Ephemeral gullies; Erosion mitigation; Extreme rainfall; Farming practices; Governmental policies; Soil erosion; Rain; arable land; climate effect; extreme event; precipitation intensity; runoff; soil conservation; soil erosion; United Kingdom; Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris; Solanum tuberosum; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900560184	Pesticide residue evaluation in major staple food items of Ethiopia using the QuEChERS method: A case study from the jimma zone	Mekonen S., Ambelu A., Spanoghe P.	2014	Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry	33	6	10.1002/etc.2554	Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia	Mekonen, S., Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Ambelu, A., Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Spanoghe, P., Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium	Samples of maize, teff, red pepper, and coffee (green bean and coffee bean with pulp) were collected from a local market in the Jimma Zone, Ethiopia. Samples were analyzed for the occurrence of cypermethrin, permethrin, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos ethyl, DTT and its metabolites, and endosulfan (α, β). In the analytical procedure, the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) extraction methodology with dispersive solid phase extraction clean up (d-SPE) technique was applied. Validation of the QuEChERS method was satisfactory. Recovery percentages of most pesticides were in the range of 70% to 120%, with good repeatability (%relative standard deviation<20). The limit of detection and limit of quantification varied between 0.001μg/g and 0.092μg/g and between 0.002μg/g and 0.307μg/g, respectively. The main pesticides detected were DDT, endosulfan, cypermethrin, and permethrin. All of the pesticides analyzed were detected in red pepper and green coffee bean. Residues of DDT in coffee pulp significantly differed (p<0.01) from other food items except for red pepper. The concentration of pesticides in the food items varied from 0.011mg/kg to 1.115mg/kg. All food items contained 1 or more pesticides. Two-thirds of the samples had residues below corresponding maximum residue limits, and the remaining one-third of samples were above the maximum residue limits. These results indicate the need for a good pesticide monitoring program to evaluate consumer risk for the Ethiopian people. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1294-1302. © 2014 SETAC.	Pesticide residues; QuEChERS method; Red pepper; Staple food; Teff	Insecticides; Pesticide residue; Quechers; Red peppers; Staple food; Teff; Chemical contamination; 1,1 dichloro 2,2 bis(4 chlorophenyl)ethane; 1,1 dichloro 2,2 bis(4 chlorophenyl)ethylene; chlorphenotane; chlorpyrifos; cypermethrin; deltamethrin; endosulfan; permethrin; pesticide residue; concentration (composition); food policy; food quality; food safety; pesticide; public health; risk assessment; sampling; article; coffee; Ethiopia; food analysis; food contamination; grass; limit of detection; limit of quantitation; maize; measurement repeatability; monitoring; priority journal; product safety; residue analysis; solid phase extraction; sweet pepper; teff; Ethiopia; Jimma; Capsicum annuum var. annuum; Eragrostis tef; Zea mays; Pesticide residues; QuEChERS method; Red pepper; Staple food; Teff; Ethiopia; Food Analysis; Food Contamination; Limit of Detection; Linear Models; Pesticide Residues; Reproducibility of Results	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67649364043	Profile, comorbidity and impact of insomnia in the Ibadan study of ageing	Gureje O., Kola L., Ademola A., Olley B.O.	2009	International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry	24	7	10.1002/gps.2180	Department of Psychiatry, University of Ibadan, PMB 5116, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Psychology, University of Ibadan, PMB 5116, Ibadan, Nigeria	Gureje, O., Department of Psychiatry, University of Ibadan, PMB 5116, Ibadan, Nigeria; Kola, L., Department of Psychiatry, University of Ibadan, PMB 5116, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ademola, A., Department of Psychiatry, University of Ibadan, PMB 5116, Ibadan, Nigeria; Olley, B.O., Department of Psychology, University of Ibadan, PMB 5116, Ibadan, Nigeria	Objective: To provide information on the profile, comorbidity and impact of insomnia among an understudied group of elderly Africans. Method: Using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), the 12-month prevalence of three forms of insomnia was assessed in face-to-face interviews conducted with a regionally-representative sample of elderly Nigerians, aged 65 years and over (n=2152). The association of insomnia with quality of life, rated with the WHO Quality of Life instrument, was analyzed controlling for comorbid chronic pain, chronic medical conditions and DSM-IV major depressive disorder. Results: At least one insomnia problem was reported by 30.72%. Insomnia was more frequent among females, persons aged 70 years and over, and those who were unmarried. Insomnia was comorbid with major depressive disorder (OR=3.9, 95% CI 2.5-6.1), chronic pain (OR=4.3, 95% CI 3.2-6.1; particularly arthritis and spinal pain), and chronic medical conditions (OR=2.1, 95% CI 1.8-2.5, particularly heart disease, high blood pressure or asthma). Persons with insomnia were more likely to report having had a fall in the previous year (OR=1.4, 95% CI 1.0-1.8) and, among those with fall, injury was more commonly reported by those with insomnia. Every form of insomnia was associated with decrement in quality of life. After controlling for comorbid mental and physical conditions, the β coefficients ranged between -17.9 and -20.0. Conclusion: Insomnia was highly comorbid with chronic physical conditions and with depression. These comorbid conditions partly but do not entirely account for the considerable decrement in quality of life associated with insomnia. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Community; Elderly; Impairment; Insomnia	aged; aging; arthritis; article; asthma; chronic pain; comorbidity; controlled study; diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders; disease association; falling; female; heart disease; human; hypertension; insomnia; interview; major clinical study; major depression; male; Nigeria; prevalence; quality of life; social status; spinal pain; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Chronic Disease; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Nigeria; Prevalence; Quality of Life; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Factors; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928765295	Cerebellar gray and white matter volume and their relation with age and manual motor performance in healthy older adults	Koppelmans V., Hirsiger S., Mérillat S., Jäncke L., Seidler R.D.	2015	Human Brain Mapping	36	6	10.1002/hbm.22775	School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; International Normal Aging and Plasticity Imaging Center (INAPIC), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; University Research Priority Program Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Neuropsychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Special Education, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, South Africa; Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States	Koppelmans, V., School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Hirsiger, S., International Normal Aging and Plasticity Imaging Center (INAPIC), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, University Research Priority Program Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Mérillat, S., International Normal Aging and Plasticity Imaging Center (INAPIC), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, University Research Priority Program Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Jäncke, L., International Normal Aging and Plasticity Imaging Center (INAPIC), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, University Research Priority Program Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Switzerland, Division of Neuropsychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, Department of Special Education, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, South Africa; Seidler, R.D., School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States	Objectives: Functional neuroimaging and voxel-based morphometry studies have confirmed the important role of the cerebellum in motor behavior. However, little is known about the relationship between cerebellar gray (GMv) and white matter (WMv) volume and manual motor performance in aging individuals. This study aims to quantify the relationship between cerebellar tissue volume and manual motor performance. Experimental design: To gain more insight into cerebellar function and how it relates to the role of the primary motor cortex (M1), we related cerebellar GMv, WMv, and M1v to manual motor performance in 217 healthy older individuals. Left and right cerebellar GMv and WMv, and M1v were obtained using FreeSurfer. The following motor measures were obtained: grip force, tapping speed, bimanual visuomotor coordination, and manual dexterity. Principal observations: Significant positive relationships were observed between cerebellar GMv and WMv and grip strength, right cerebellar WMv and right-hand tapping speed, right cerebellar WMv and dexterity, M1v and grip strength, and right M1v and left-hand dexterity, though effect sizes were small. Conclusions: Our results show that cerebellar GMv and WMv are differently associated with manual motor performance. These associations partly overlap with the brain-behavior associations between M1 and manual motor performance. Not all observed associations were lateralized (i.e., ipsilateral cerebellar and contralateral M1v associations with motor performance), which could point to age-related neural dedifferentiation. The current study provides new insights in the role of the cerebellum in manual motor performance. In consideration of the small effect sizes replication studies are needed to validate these results. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	Cerebellum; Gray matter; Motor function; MRI; Volume; White matter	age; aged; Article; behavior; brain; brain size; dexterity test; female; gray matter; grip strength; human; male; motor performance; primary motor cortex; priority journal; velocity; visuomotor coordination; white matter; aging; cerebellum; gray matter; hand strength; hemispheric dominance; image processing; longitudinal study; motor cortex; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; organ size; pathology; physiology; white matter; Aged; Aging; Cerebellum; Female; Functional Laterality; Gray Matter; Hand Strength; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Longitudinal Studies; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Motor Cortex; Motor Skills; Organ Size; White Matter	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749053144	The impacts of decentralization on health care seeking behaviors in Uganda	Hutchinson P., Akin J., Ssengooba F.	2006	International Journal of Health Planning and Management	21	3	10.1002/hpm.848	Department of International Health and Development, School Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States; Department of Economics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda	Hutchinson, P., Department of International Health and Development, School Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States; Akin, J., Department of Economics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Ssengooba, F., Institute of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda	This paper examines the impacts of a public sector decentralization program on health care seeking behaviors in Uganda in the 1990s. Shifting priorities by local governments in Uganda's decentralized health system away from provision of primary health care, in particular the provision of public goods or goods with substantial consumption externalities, and toward provision of private health goods such as curative care are linked to shifts in individual-level care utilization behaviors. This analysis finds that, while the country has been undergoing a multitude of changes in recent years, decentralization appears to have led to increases in the use of curative services with largely private benefits, perhaps at the expense of the use of primary health care services and services with consumption externalities. A longer period of analysis is required to determine the persistence of these effects. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Decentralization; Impact evaluation; Uganda	decentralization; health policy; health services; public sector; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; article; budget; decentralization; evidence based practice; government; health care delivery; health care policy; health care system; health care utilization; health program; health service; help seeking behavior; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunization; outcomes research; primary health care; Uganda; vaccination; Health Care Reform; Health Care Surveys; Health Priorities; Humans; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Politics; Primary Health Care; Privatization; Regional Health Planning; Uganda; Africa; East Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Uganda	None
None	None	The impact of scaling-up prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV infection on the human resource requirement: The need to go beyond numbers	Simba D., Kamwela J., Mpembeni R., Msamanga G.	2010	International Journal of Health Planning and Management	25	1	10.1002/hpm.950	Department of Community Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Alliance of Mayors and Municipal Leaders in Africa for HIV/AIDS, Tanzania Program (AMICAALL Tanzania), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Simba, D., Department of Community Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Kamwela, J., Alliance of Mayors and Municipal Leaders in Africa for HIV/AIDS, Tanzania Program (AMICAALL Tanzania), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Mpembeni, R., Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Msamanga, G., Department of Community Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Although the mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) contributes only 5% of transmission of HIV infection, its impact has reversed the decline in infant and child mortality rates. With antenatal service coverage of over 90%, the integration of prevention of MTCT (PMTCT) of HIV infection into the Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) services in Tanzania, this is likely to overstretch the staff capacity and undermine the already compromised quality of health care services. A retrospective study was conducted to assess the impact of integrating and scaling-up PMTCTof HIV infection into routine RCH services, on the magnitude of staff workload in RCH clinics. The study was conducted in 60 health facilities identified from five regions that had participated in the pilot phase of PMTCT implementation in the Mainland Tanzania. The average staff workload was calculated from staff-load obtained from attendance records and activity-time obtained by direct observation; and staff-time from records that were kept at the clinic. The average staff workload was found to be 50.5% (8-147%) for facilities providing PMTCT of HIV infection and 37.8% (11-82%) for facilities without PMTCT services. The average staff workload was computed on the assumption that all clients attending various antenatal clinics received PMTCT services from trained staff only and the result revealed staff workload of 87.2%. This study concludes that services for PMTCT of HIV infection can easily be scaled-up and integrated into RCH services using the already existing staff. In the wake of the human resource crisis in the health sector in developing countries, strategies to address the problem will need to go beyond numbers to address issues of staff productivity and their distribution.	Human resource; PMTCT; Tanzania; Workload	child health; developing world; disease transmission; human immunodeficiency virus; human resource; infant mortality; infectivity; mothers education; reproductive health; article; cross-sectional study; disease transmission; female; health care manpower; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; organization and management; pregnancy; retrospective study; Tanzania; vertical transmission; workload; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Health Manpower; HIV Infections; Humans; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Pregnancy; Retrospective Studies; Tanzania; Workload; Tanzania	None
None	None	The impact of diversity and equality management on firm performance: Beyond high performance work systems	Armstrong C., Flood P.C., Guthrie J.P., Liu W., MacCurtain S., Mkamwa T.	2010	Human Resource Management	49	6	10.1002/hrm.20391	Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland; Dublin City University, Ireland; University of Kansas, United States; Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing, China; University of Limerick, Ireland; Saint Augustine University of Tanzania, Tanzania	Armstrong, C., Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland; Flood, P.C., Dublin City University, Ireland; Guthrie, J.P., University of Kansas, United States; Liu, W., Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing, China; MacCurtain, S., University of Limerick, Ireland; Mkamwa, T., Saint Augustine University of Tanzania, Tanzania	This article demonstrates that a diversity and equality management system (DEMS) contributes to firm performance beyond the effects of a traditional high-performance work system (HPWS), which consists of bundles of work practices and policies used extensively in high-performing firms. A DEMS typically includes diversity training and monitoring recruitment, pay, and promotion across minority or other disadvantaged groups. Our analysis of quantitative data from service and manufacturing organizations in Ireland confirms that HPWS practices are associated with positive business performance and finds specifically that DEMS practices are positively associated with higher labor productivity and workforce innovation and lower voluntary employee turnover. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	Diversity and equality management; Firm-level performance; High performance work system; Labor productivity; Voluntary turnover; Workforce innovation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920281316	Using hydrochemical tracers to assess impacts of unsewered urban catchments on hydrochemistry and nutrients in groundwater	Nyenje P.M., Foppen J.W., Uhlenbrook S., Lutterodt G.	2014	Hydrological Processes	28	24	10.1002/hyp.10070	Department of Water Science and Engineering, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, PO Box 3015, Delft, Netherlands; Makerere University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, PO Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Section of Water Resources, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5048, Delft, Netherlands; Department of Civil Engineering, Central University College, PO Box DS 2310, Dansoman-Accra, Ghana	Nyenje, P.M., Department of Water Science and Engineering, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, PO Box 3015, Delft, Netherlands, Makerere University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, PO Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Foppen, J.W., Department of Water Science and Engineering, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, PO Box 3015, Delft, Netherlands; Uhlenbrook, S., Department of Water Science and Engineering, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, PO Box 3015, Delft, Netherlands, Section of Water Resources, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5048, Delft, Netherlands; Lutterodt, G., Department of Civil Engineering, Central University College, PO Box DS 2310, Dansoman-Accra, Ghana	We applied graphical methods and multivariate statistics to understand impacts of an unsewered slum catchment on nutrients and hydrochemistry of groundwater in Kampala, Uganda. Data were collected from 56 springs (groundwater), 22 surface water sites and 13 rain samples. Groundwater was acidic and dominated by Na, Cl and NO3. These ions were strongly correlated, indicating pollution originating from wastewater infiltration from on-site sanitation systems. Results also showed that rain, which was acidic, impacted on groundwater chemistry. Using Q-mode hierarchical cluster analysis, we identified three distinct water quality groups. The first group had springs dominated by Ca-Cl-NO3, low values of electrical conductivity (EC), pH and cations, and relatively high NO3 values. These springs were shown to have originated from the acidic rains because their chemistry closely corresponded to ion concentrations that would occur from rainfall recharge, which was around 3.3 times concentrated by evaporation. The second group had springs dominated by Na-K-Cl-NO3 and Ca-Cl-NO3, low pH but with higher values of EC, NO3 and cations. We interpreted these as groundwater affected by both acid rain and infiltration of wastewater from urban areas. The third group had the highest EC values (average of 688μS/cm), low pH and very high concentrations of NO3 (average of 2.15mmol/l) and cations. Since these springs were all located in slum areas, we interpreted them as groundwater affected by infiltration of wastewater from poorly sanitized slums areas. Surface water was slightly reducing and eutrophic because of wastewater effluents, but the contribution of groundwater to nutrients in surface water was minimal because o-PO4 was absent, whereas NO3 was lost by denitification. Our findings suggest that groundwater chemistry in the catchment is strongly influenced by anthropogenic inputs derived from nitrogen-containing rains and domestic wastewater. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Acid rain; Groundwater; Multivariate statistics; Nutrients; Slums; Uganda	Acid rain; Calcium; Catchments; Cluster analysis; Effluents; Groundwater; Groundwater geochemistry; Hierarchical systems; Housing; Infiltration; Multivariant analysis; Nutrients; pH; Positive ions; Precipitation (meteorology); Rain; River pollution; Runoff; Sanitation; Surface waters; Water quality; Electrical conductivity; Groundwater chemistry; Hierarchical cluster analysis; Hydrochemical tracers; Multivariate statistics; On-site sanitation systems; Slums; Uganda; Hydrochemistry	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646161927	Ecosystem approach to mitigate impacts of sedimentation on the hydrological cycle and aquatic ecosystem	Yamashiki Y., Nakamura T., Kurosawa M., Matsui S.	2006	Hydrological Processes	20	6	10.1002/hyp.6089	Department of Civil Engineering, College of Science and Technology, 1-8 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan; Division of GEF Coordination, United Nations Environment Programme, PO Box 30552, Nairobi, Kenya; Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Global Environment Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan	Yamashiki, Y., Department of Civil Engineering, College of Science and Technology, 1-8 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan; Nakamura, T., Division of GEF Coordination, United Nations Environment Programme, PO Box 30552, Nairobi, Kenya; Kurosawa, M., Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Matsui, S., Graduate School of Global Environment Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan	This study illustrates the importance of sedimentation control on a global scale by introducing general concepts developed locally through field observations in eutrophic bay in Lake Biwa in Japan, and in Dongting Lake in China. The phosphorus concentration of suspended solids in water columns and in the bottom sediment during soil puddling before the transplanting of rice seedlings have been measured analytically. We have estimated the gross phosphorus loads and the economical loss of losing fertilizer from rice paddy fields in the whole Lake Biwa basin during the same period. Additionally, the discussions and conclusions made in the session 'Ecosystem approach to water monitoring and management' organized during the Third World Water Forum held in Kyoto, are introduced. The importance of sediment control in carrying out overall water quality programmes has been emphasized not only for watersheds with severe land degradation, but also for basins where the sedimentation impacts are considered rather small, and there is a need to reverse the long-term water quality trend in shallow reservoirs in international river basins, such as La Plata River basin in South America. Establishing international standards and regulations for controlling fine sediments, making an effective economic evaluation of the impacts induced by sedimentation applicable to local farmers, as well as developing an effective project focusing on treating sedimentation to improve nutrient control should be initiated on a global scale, as with the Global Environmental Facility project. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Eutrophication; Lake Biwa; Sedimentation; WWF3	Economics; Environmental impact; Hydrology; Lakes; Management; Rivers; Sediments; Water quality; Watersheds; Aquatic ecosystems; Hydrological cycle; Sedimentation control; Water management; Water monitoring; Ecosystems; Economics; Ecosystems; Environmental impact; Hydrology; Lakes; Management; Rivers; Sediments; Water quality; Watersheds; aquatic ecosystem; ecosystem approach; hydrological cycle; phosphorus; sedimentation; water quality; Asia; Biwa Lake; China; Dongting Lake; Eurasia; Far East; Honshu; Hunan; Japan; Kinki; Shiga	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76149090152	Assessment of climate change impacts on the hydrology of Gilgel Abay catchment in Lake Tana basin, Ethiopia	Abdo K.S., Fiseha B.M., Rientjes T.H.M., Gieske A.S.M., Haile A.T.	2009	Hydrological Processes	23	26	10.1002/hyp.7363	SNNPR Water Resources Development Bureau, P.O.Box 925, Awassa, Ethiopia; Department of Irrigation Engineering, Arba Minch University, P.O.Box 21, Ethiopia; Department of Water Resources, ITC, P.O.Box 6, 7500AA, Enschede, Netherlands	Abdo, K.S., SNNPR Water Resources Development Bureau, P.O.Box 925, Awassa, Ethiopia; Fiseha, B.M., Department of Irrigation Engineering, Arba Minch University, P.O.Box 21, Ethiopia; Rientjes, T.H.M., Department of Water Resources, ITC, P.O.Box 6, 7500AA, Enschede, Netherlands; Gieske, A.S.M., Department of Water Resources, ITC, P.O.Box 6, 7500AA, Enschede, Netherlands; Haile, A.T., Department of Irrigation Engineering, Arba Minch University, P.O.Box 21, Ethiopia, Department of Water Resources, ITC, P.O.Box 6, 7500AA, Enschede, Netherlands	In this study, large-scale atmospheric variables are downscaled to meteorological variables at local scale for the daily time step to assess hydrological impacts by climate changes. Large-scale atmospheric modelling was by the HadCM3 General Circulation Model (GCM) while downscaling and water balance modelling was through the Statistical DownScaling Model and the HBV semi-distributed rainfall-runoff model, respectively. The area of study was the Gilgel Abay catchment that drains in Lake Tana. A selection of large-scale atmospheric variables by the HadCM3 GCM are downscaled by a multiple linear regression model, were minimum and maximum temperature and precipitation for future time horizons are calculated. Climate scenarios as developed for the A2 (medium-high emission) and B2 (medium-low emission) scenarios for a 100-year period based on the mean of 20 ensembles have been selected for this study. In addition, a synthetic incremental scenario was tested for a wide range of changes in climatic variables. Stream flow simulations by the HBV model were carried out for the 2020s (2011-2040), 2050s (2041-2070) and 2080s (2071-2099) to define hydrologic impacts. The result of downscaled precipitation reveals that precipitation does not manifest a systematic increase or decrease in all future time horizons for both A2 and B2 scenarios unlike that of minimum and maximum temperature and related evaporation. For the future horizons significant changes and variations in the seasonal and monthly flows are to be expected and for the 2080s the runoff volume in the rainy season will reduce by approximately 11·6 and 10·1% for the A2 and B2 scenarios. Results from synthetic incremental scenarios also indicate sensitivities to climate change. As much as 33% of the seasonal and annual runoff is expected to reduce when temperature increases by 2 °C and when rainfall decreases by approximately 20%. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Climate change; Gilgel Abay; HBV model; Lake Tana; Statistical downscaling	Annual runoff; Atmospheric modelling; Atmospheric variables; Climate change impact; Climate scenarios; Climatic variables; Down-scaling; Ethiopia; Future Horizons; General circulation model; HBV model; Hydrologic impacts; Hydrological impacts; Lake Tana; Local scale; Low emission; Maximum temperature; Meteorological variables; Monthly flow; Multiple linear regression models; Rainfall-runoff models; Rainy seasons; Runoff volumes; Statistical downscaling; Temperature increase; Time horizons; Time step; Water balance; Atmospheric temperature; Catchments; Climate models; Lakes; Linear regression; Rain; Runoff; Stream flow; Water; Climate change; air temperature; assessment method; atmospheric general circulation model; basin; catchment; climate change; computer simulation; downscaling; hydrological response; precipitation (climatology); rainfall-runoff modeling; seasonal variation; streamflow; water budget; Ethiopia; Lake Tana; Hepatitis B virus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954362013	Impact of soil and water conservation measures on catchment hydrological response-a case in north Ethiopia	Nyssen J., Clymans W., Descheemaeker K., Poesen J., Vandecasteele I., Vanmaercke M., Zenebe A., Van Camp M., Haile M., Haregeweyn N., Moeyersons J., Martens K., Gebreyohannes T., Deckers J., Walraevens K.	2010	Hydrological Processes	24	13	10.1002/hyp.7628	Department of Geography, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, K.U.Leuven, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; International Water Management Institute/International Livestock Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Geology, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Royal Museum of Central Africa, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium; Department of Hydrology, Free University of Brussels, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Geology, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia	Nyssen, J., Department of Geography, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; Clymans, W., Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, K.U.Leuven, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Descheemaeker, K., International Water Management Institute/International Livestock Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Poesen, J., Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, K.U.Leuven, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Vandecasteele, I., Department of Geology, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; Vanmaercke, M., Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, K.U.Leuven, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Zenebe, A., Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, K.U.Leuven, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium, Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Van Camp, M., Department of Geology, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; Haile, M., Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Haregeweyn, N., Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Moeyersons, J., Royal Museum of Central Africa, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium; Martens, K., Department of Geology, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; Gebreyohannes, T., Department of Hydrology, Free University of Brussels, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, Department of Geology, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Deckers, J., Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, K.U.Leuven, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Walraevens, K., Department of Geology, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium	Impact studies of catchment management in the developing world rarely include detailed hydrological components. Here, changes in the hydrological response of a 200-ha catchment in north Ethiopia are investigated. The management included various soil and water conservation measures such as the construction of dry masonry stone bunds and check dams, the abandonment of post-harvest grazing, and the establishment of woody vegetation. Measurements at the catchment outlet indicated a runoff depth of 5 mm or a runoff coefficient (RC) of 1·6% in the rainy season of 2006. Combined with runoff measurements at plot scale, this allowed calculating the runoff curve number (CN) for various land uses and land management techniques. The pre-implementation runoff depth was then predicted using the CN values and a ponding adjustment factor, representing the abstraction of runoff induced by the 242 check dams in gullies. Using the 2006 rainfall depths, the runoff depth for the 2000 land management situation was predicted to be 26·5mm(RCD 8%), in line with current RCs of nearby catchments. Monitoring of the ground water level indicated a rise after catchment management. The yearly rise in water table after the onset of the rains (ΔT) relative to the water surplus (WS) over the same period increased between 2002-2003 (ΔT/WS D 3·4) and 2006 (ΔT/WS >11·1). Emerging wells and irrigation are other indicators for improved water supply in the managed catchment. Cropped fields in the gullies indicate that farmers are less frightened for the destructive effects of flash floods. Due to increased soil water content, the crop growing period is prolonged. It can be concluded that this catchment management has resulted in a higher infiltration rate and a reduction of direct runoff volume by 81% which has had a positive influence on the catchment water balance. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Catchment management; Curve number; Ponding adjustment factor; Runoff coefficient; Water table; Watershed	Catchment management; Curve number; Curve numbers; Runoff coefficients; Water table; Water tables; Aquifers; Cultivation; Dams; Developing countries; Infiltration; Land use; Landforms; Management; Ponding; Rain; Runoff; Soil conservation; Soil moisture; Underwater soils; Water conservation; Water content; Water levels; Water supply; Watersheds; Catchments; catchment; developing world; gully; hydrological response; infiltration; rainfall; runoff; soil conservation; water budget; water level; water management; water supply; water table; watershed; Ethiopia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878658323	Evaluation of the climate prediction center (CPC) morphing technique (CMORPH) rainfall product on hourly time scales over the source of the Blue Nile River	Haile A.T., Habib E., Rientjes T.	2013	Hydrological Processes	27	12	10.1002/hyp.9330	Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, 70504, United States; African Climate Policy Center, United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, P.O. Box3001, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Water Resources, Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation, Twente University, P.O. Box 217, Enschede, 7500 AE, Netherlands	Haile, A.T., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, 70504, United States, African Climate Policy Center, United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, P.O. Box3001, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Habib, E., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, 70504, United States; Rientjes, T., Department of Water Resources, Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation, Twente University, P.O. Box 217, Enschede, 7500 AE, Netherlands	Limited availability of surface-based rainfall observations constrains the evaluation of satellite rainfall products over many regions. Observations are also often not available at time scales to allow evaluation of satellite products at their finest resolutions. In the present study, we utilized a 3-month rainfall data set from an experimental network of eight automatic gauges in Gilgel Abbay watershed in Ethiopia to evaluate the 1-hourly, 8×8-km Climate Prediction Center morphing technique (CMORPH) rainfall product. The watershed is situated in the Lake Tana basin which is the source of the Blue Nile River. We applied a suite of statistical metrics that included mean difference, bias, standard deviation of differences and measures of association. Our results indicate that the accuracy of the CMORPH product shows a significant variation across the basin area. Its estimates are mostly within ±10mmh-1 of the gauge rainfall observations; however, the product does not satisfactorily capture the rainfall temporal variability and is poorly correlated (&lt;0.27) to gauge observations. Its poor rain detection capability led to significant underestimation of the seasonal rainfall depth (total bias reaches up to -52%) with large amounts of hit rain bias as well as missed rain and false rain biases. In the future refinement of CMORPH algorithm, more attention should be given to reducing missed rain bias over the mountains of Gilgel Abbay, whereas equal attention should be given to hit, missed rain and false rain biases over other parts of the watershed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd..	Bias; Blue Nile; CMORPH; Lake Tana; Rainfall; Satellite rainfall; Validation	Bias; Blue Nile; CMORPH; Lake Tana; Satellite rainfalls; Validation; Climatology; Gages; Lakes; Landforms; Satellites; Soil moisture; Watersheds; Rain; algorithm; climate prediction; data set; rainfall; raingauge; statistical analysis; temporal variation; watershed; Blue Nile [Nile River]; Ethiopia; Gilgel Abay Basin; Lake Tana; Nile River	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891744915	The impact of taro (Colocasia esculenta) cultivation on the total evaporation of a Cyperus latifolius marsh	Mengistu M.G., Everson C.S., Clulow A.D.	2014	Hydrological Processes	28	3	10.1002/hyp.9599	School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa	Mengistu, M.G., School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa; Everson, C.S., School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa; Clulow, A.D., School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa	Total evaporation (ET) is one of the major components of the water budget of a wetland. Very little research has been conducted on the loss of water to the atmosphere from different wetland vegetation types occurring in southern Africa. This study on the ET of taro (locally known as madumbe) and sedge within the Mbongolwane wetland was conducted to assess the potential impact of madumbe cultivation on the hydrology of the wetland. Sugarcane planted on the contributing catchment outside the wetland was the other crop examined. Two field campaigns were conducted in November 2009 and January 2010 during the growing season of the madumbe crop to quantify ET rates in the Mbongolwane wetland and from sugar cane in the surrounding catchment. ET was measured over two vegetation types in the wetland, namely: madumbe (Colocasia esculenta); sedge (Cyperus latifolius) with some reeds (Phragmites australis); and sugarcane in adjacent terrestrial areas. ET from the madumbes ranged from 1.0 to 6.0mmday-1. The daily average ET rates in November 2009 were 3.5 and 4.9mm for the madumbe and sedge sites, respectively, and 4.0mm for sugarcane grown in the catchment. The daily average ET rates in January 2010 were 3.3 and 3.7mm for the madumbes and sedge sites, respectively, and 2.4mm for the sugarcane site. The daily ET was therefore lower at the madumbe site in November 2009 and in January 2010 compared to the sedge site. An average crop factor of 0.6 was obtained from this study during the growth stage of the madumbes. © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.	Crop factor; Cyperus marsh; Eddy covariance; Evapotranspiration; Madumbe; Wetland	Cyperus marsh; Eddy covariance; Field campaign; Madumbe; Phragmites australis; Potential impacts; Vegetation type; Wetland vegetation; Catchments; Crops; Cultivation; Evaporation; Evapotranspiration; Runoff; Sugar cane; Vegetation; Wetlands; angiosperm; catchment; cultivation; eddy covariance; evapotranspiration; hydrological response; marsh; vegetation type; water budget; wetland; Colocasia esculenta; Cyperus; Phragmites australis; Saccharum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891698724	Simulation of groundwater flow in a crystalline rock aquifer system in Southern Ghana - An evaluation of the effects of increased groundwater abstraction on the aquifers using a transient groundwater flow model	Yidana S.M., Alfa B., Banoeng-Yakubo B., Obeng Addai M.	2014	Hydrological Processes	28	3	10.1002/hyp.9644	Department of Earth Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Ghana Water Resources Commission, Accra, Ghana	Yidana, S.M., Department of Earth Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Alfa, B., Ghana Water Resources Commission, Accra, Ghana; Banoeng-Yakubo, B., Department of Earth Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Obeng Addai, M., Department of Earth Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana	Monitored groundwater level data, well logs, and aquifer data as well as the relevant surface hydrological data were used to conceptualise the hydrogeological system of the Densu Basin in Southern Ghana. The objective was to numerically derive the hydraulic conductivity field for better characterization of the aquifer system and for simulating the effects of increasing groundwater abstraction on the aquifer system in the basin. The hydraulic conductivity field has been generated in this study through model calibration. This study finds that hydraulic conductivity ranges between a low of 2m/d in the middle sections of the basin and about 40m/d in the south. Clear differences in the underlying geology have been indicated in the distribution of aquifer hydraulic conductivities. This is in consonance with the general assertion that the hydrogeological properties of the aquifers in the crystalline basement terrains are controlled by the degree of fracturing and/or weathering of the country rock. The transient model suggest aquifer specific storage values to range between 6.0×10-5m-1 and 2.1×10-4m-1 which are within acceptable range of values normally quoted for similar lithologies in the literature. There is an apparent subtle decrease in groundwater recharge from about 13% of the annual precipitation in 2005 to about 10.3% of the precipitation in 2008. The transient model was used to simulate responses of the system to annual increment of groundwater abstraction by 20% at the 2008 recharge rates for the period 2009 - 2024. The results suggest that the system will not be able to sustain this level of abstraction as it would lead to a basin wide drawdown in the hydraulic head by 4m by the end of the prediction period. It further suggests a safe annual increment in groundwater abstraction by 5% under business as usual recharge conditions. Identification and protection of groundwater recharge areas in the basin are recommended in order to safeguard the integrity of the resource under the scenario of increased abstraction for commercial activities in the basin. © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.	Densu Basin; Groundwater abstraction; Hydraulic conductivity; Recharge	Densu Basin; Ground water recharge; Groundwater abstraction; Hydrogeological properties; Level of abstraction; Protection of groundwater; Recharge; Transient groundwater flow; Abstracting; Aquifers; Computer simulation; Crystalline rocks; Digital storage; Groundwater flow; Groundwater resources; Hydraulic conductivity; Hydrogeology; Weathering; Well logging; Recharging (underground waters); aquifer; computer simulation; country rock; crystalline rock; groundwater abstraction; groundwater flow; hydraulic conductivity; hydraulic head; hydrogeology; lithology; precipitation (climatology); recharge; terrain; water level; well logging; Densu Basin; Ghana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892440512	Simulating wetland impacts on stream flow in southern Africa using a monthly hydrological model	Hughes D.A., Tshimanga R.M., Tirivarombo S., Tanner J.	2014	Hydrological Processes	28	4	10.1002/hyp.9725	Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	Hughes, D.A., Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Tshimanga, R.M., Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Tirivarombo, S., Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Tanner, J., Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	The processes that occur in wetlands and natural lakes are often overlooked and not fully incorporated in the conceptual development of many hydrological models of basin runoff. These processes can exert a considerable influence on downstream flow regimes and are critical in understanding the general patterns of runoff generation at the basin scale. This is certainly the case for many river basins of southern Africa which contain large wetlands and natural lakes and for which downstream flow regimes are altered through attenuation, storage and slow release processes that occur within the water bodies. Initial hydrological modelling studies conducted in some of these areas identified the need to explicitly account for wetland storage processes in the conceptual development of models. This study presents an attempt to incorporate wetland processes into an existing hydrological model, with the aim of reducing model structural uncertainties and improving model simulations where the impacts of wetlands or natural lakes on stream flow are evident. The approach is based on relatively flexible functions that account for the input-storage-output relationships between the river channel and the wetland. The simulation results suggest that incorporating lake and wetland storage processes into modelling can provide improved representation (the right results for the right reason) of the hydrological behaviour of some large river basins, as well as reducing some of the uncertainties in the quantification of the original model parameters used for generating the basin runoff. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Hydrological models; Large basins; Southern Africa; Uncertainty; Wetlands	Conceptual development; Hydrological modeling; Hydrological modelling; Hydrological models; Large basins; Model structural uncertainties; Southern Africa; Uncertainty; Climate models; Computer simulation; Lakes; Runoff; Stream flow; Uncertainty analysis; Watersheds; Wetlands; computer simulation; flow modeling; hydrological modeling; runoff; streamflow; uncertainty analysis; wetland; Southern Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880045913	The rivers of Africa: Witness of climate change and human impact on the environment	Mahe G., Lienou G., Descroix L., Bamba F., Paturel J.E., Laraque A., Meddi M., Habaieb H., Adeaga O., Dieulin C., Chahnez Kotti F., Khomsi K.	2013	Hydrological Processes	27	15	10.1002/hyp.9813	HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, Université Mohamed V-Agdal, Rabat, Morocco; Université de Yaoundé I, Cameroon; LTHE/IRD, Grenoble, France; Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs, Bamako, Mali; IRD, HSM et 2IE, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Géosciences Environnement To	Mahe, G., HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, Université Mohamed V-Agdal, Rabat, Morocco; Lienou, G., Université de Yaoundé I, Cameroon; Descroix, L., LTHE/IRD, Grenoble, France; Bamba, F., Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs, Bamako, Mali; Paturel, J.E., IRD, HSM et 2IE, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Laraque, A., Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, Observatoire Midi Pyrénées Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, Toulouse, France; Meddi, M., Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Hydraulique, Blida, Algeria; Habaieb, H., Institut National Agronomique de Tunis, Tunisia; Adeaga, O., Department of Geography, University of Lagos, Nigeria; Dieulin, C., HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, Université Mohamed V-Agdal, Rabat, Morocco; Chahnez Kotti, F., Institut National Agronomique de Tunis, Tunisia; Khomsi, K., Direction de la Météorologie Nationale, Casablanca, Morocco	In this paper, we study the impact of climate change on river regimes in several parts of Africa, and we look at the most probable causes of these changes either climatically or anthropogenically driven. We study time series of updated monthly and annual runoff of rivers of North Africa, West Africa (Sahelian and humid tropical regions) and Central Africa, including the largest river basins: Niger and Volta rivers in West Africa, and Congo and Ogooue rivers in Central Africa. The recent years are studied in the perspective of multi-decadal variability. In West Africa and in a part of Central Africa, the climate has changed since 1970, and rainfall has not returned to previous annual amounts, except in Equatorial Africa. The consequences of the long-lasting drought are, depending on the area concerned, the modification of seasonal regimes (Equatorial area), the groundwater table decrease (Tropical humid area) and the land cover degradation (Sahelian area). The increasing number of dams and of agricultural areas also plays a major role on the modification of river regimes. The population increase will continue to impact on the environment: land cover change, deforestation, agriculture and increasing number of dams will be associated with a reduction of water and sediment discharges to the sea, and major impacts on downstream ecosystems and coastal areas. It seems necessary to share with stakeholders a comprehensive approach of the water cycle from the basin to the sea, to prevent long-lasting damages to ecosystems and infrastructures. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Africa; Climate change; Dams; Land cover; River regime; Rivers	Africa; Agricultural areas; Ground water table; Impact on the environment; Land cover; Land-cover change; River regimes; Sediment discharge; Agriculture; Dams; Deforestation; Ecosystems; Groundwater; Rivers; Sediments; Climate change; anthropogenic effect; climate change; climate effect; hydrological cycle; hydrological regime; land cover; river flow; runoff; stakeholder; water table; Central Africa; North Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845674189	Impact of utilizing p16INK4A immunohistochemistry on estimated performance of three cervical cancer screening tests	Zhang Q., Kuhn L., Denny L.A., De Souza M., Taylor S., Wright Jr. T.C.	2007	International Journal of Cancer	120	2	10.1002/ijc.22172	Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Obstetrics, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pathology, P and S Building, 630 W. 168th St, New York, NY 10032, United States	Zhang, Q., Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Kuhn, L., Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Denny, L.A., Department of Obstetrics, University of Cape Town, South Africa; De Souza, M., Department of Obstetrics, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Taylor, S., Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Wright Jr., T.C., Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States, Department of Pathology, P and S Building, 630 W. 168th St, New York, NY 10032, United States	The histopathological diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2,3 (CIN 2,3) is subjective and prone to variability. In our study, we analyzed the impact of utilizing a biomarker (p16INK4A) together with histopathology to refine the "gold standard" utilized for evaluating the performance of 3 different cervical cancer screening tests: cervical cytology, human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing and visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA). Cervical biopsies from 2 South African cervical cancer screening studies originally diagnosed by a single pathologist were reevaluated by a second pathologist and a consensus pathology diagnosis obtained. Immunohistochemical staining for p16INK4A was then performed. The estimated sensitivity of some cervical cancer screening tests was markedly impacted by the criteria utilized to define CIN 2,3. Use of routine histopathology markedly underestimated the sensitivity of both conventional cytology and HPV DNA testing compared to an improved gold standard of consensus pathology and p16INK4A positivity. In contrast, routine histopathology overestimated the sensitivity of VIA. Our results demonstrate that refining the diagnosis of CIN 2,3 through the use of consensus pathology and immunohistochemical staining for p16INK4A has an important impact on measurement of the performance of cervical cancer screening tests. The sensitivity of screening tests such as HPV DNA testing and conventional cytology may be underestimated when an imperfect gold standard (routine histopathology) is used. In contrast, the sensitivity of other tests, such as VIA, may be overestimated with an imperfect gold standard. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.	Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; p16 immunohistochemistry	acetic acid; protein p16INK4a; virus DNA; protein p16INK4a; adult; aged; article; cancer classification; cancer grading; cancer screening; consensus; diagnostic accuracy; disease marker; DNA determination; female; histopathology; human; immunohistochemistry; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; priority journal; uterine cervix biopsy; uterine cervix cancer; uterine cervix cytology; visual analog scale; Wart virus; evaluation; immunohistochemistry; mass screening; methodology; pathology; uterine cervix carcinoma in situ; uterine cervix tumor; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Mass Screening; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms	None
WoS	WOS:000327889700019	Evaluation of the impact of a breast cancer awareness program in rural Ghana: A cross-sectional survey	Ali, Ibrahim A.,Anderson, Benjamin O.,Dabis, Francois,Malvy, Denis,Mena, Marisa,Sasco, Annie J.,Sauvaget, Catherine,Wiafe-Addai, Beatrice,Wiafe, Seth A.	2014	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER	134	4	10.1002/ijc.28412	Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm), Loma Linda University, Universite de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Segalen Univ, Breast Care Int & Peace & Love Hosp, Catalan Inst Oncol, Int Agcy Res Canc	"Ali, Ibrahim A.: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center","Anderson, Benjamin O.: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center","Wiafe, Seth A.: Loma Linda University",	Community awareness is crucial to early detection of breast cancer in low- and middle-income countries. In Ghana 60% of the cases are detected at late stages. Breast Care International (BCI) is a Ghanaian non-governmental organization dedicated to raising breast cancer awareness. A cross-sectional survey was designed to assess the impact of BCI program on knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) toward breast cancer among women from rural communities of Ghana. A total of 232 women were interviewed in June 2011 in the Ashanti region; of these 131 participants were from a community that received the BCI program in August 2010 (intervention group) and 101 from another community that received the program post-survey (referent group). Data analysis was performed using Epi-Info version 3.5.3. Knowledge about breast cancer among participants who received the program was better than among those who did not. Only 53.5% of participants from the referent group knew that breast cancer usually appears as painless breast lump when compared to 82.3% from the intervention group. Participants who attended the program were significantly more likely to obtain higher knowledge scores (odds ratio (OR) = 2.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.14-3.86) and to state practicing breast self-examination (OR = 12.29, 95% CI = 5.31-28.48). The BCI program improved KAP toward breast cancer. Further research is warranted to provide stronger evidence that the program improves breast cancer early detection.	"awareness program","BREAST CANCER","EARLY DETECTION",GHANA,AREA,CONSENSUS,IBADAN,"INCOME COUNTRIES",LOW-RESOURCE,MANAGEMENT,NIGERIA,WOMEN	None	None
None	None	Performance of visual inspection with acetic acid and human papillomavirus testing for detection of high-grade cervical lesions in HIV positive and HIV negative Tanzanian women	Dartell M.A., Rasch V., Iftner T., Kahesa C., Mwaiselage J.D., Junge J., Gernow A., Ejlersen S.F., Munk C., Kjaer S.K.	2014	International Journal of Cancer	135	4	10.1002/ijc.28712	Department of International Health, Public Health Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Unit of Virus Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Experimental Virology, Universitaetsklinikum, Tuebingen, Germany; Division of Cancer PreventionOcean Road Cancer Institute, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Pathology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Denmark; Gynecological Clinic, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark	Dartell, M.A., Department of International Health, Public Health Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Unit of Virus Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Rasch, V., Department of International Health, Public Health Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Iftner, T., Department of Experimental Virology, Universitaetsklinikum, Tuebingen, Germany; Kahesa, C., Division of Cancer PreventionOcean Road Cancer Institute, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania; Mwaiselage, J.D., Division of Cancer PreventionOcean Road Cancer Institute, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania; Junge, J., Department of Pathology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Denmark; Gernow, A., Department of Pathology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Denmark; Ejlersen, S.F., Department of Pathology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Denmark; Munk, C., Unit of Virus Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Kjaer, S.K., Unit of Virus Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark, Gynecological Clinic, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark	The aim of this cross sectional study was to assess type distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) among HIV positive and HIV negative women who underwent cervical cancer screening, and to examine the ability of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), the standard detection method in Tanzania, and HPV-testing to detect cytologically diagnosed high grade lesions or cancer (HSIL+). Women from different areas in Tanzania were invited by public announcement to cervical cancer screening organized by Ocean Road Cancer Institute (Dar-es-Salaam). A total of 3,767 women were enrolled. Women underwent gynecological examination with collection of cervical cells for conventional cytological examination, and swab for HPV-DNA detection (Hybrid-Capture2) and genotyping (LiPAv2 test). Subsequently VIA was performed. The participants were also tested for HIV. HPV16, HPV52 and HPV18 were the three most common HR HPV types among women with HSIL+ cytology with prevalences of 42.9, 35.7 and 28.6%, respectively, in HIV positive women which was higher than among HIV negative women (30.2, 21.9 and 16.7%). A total of 4.5% of the women were VIA positive, and VIA showed a low sensitivity compared to HPV-testing for detection of HSIL+. The sensitivity of VIA varied with staff VIA experience, HIV status and age. Vaccines including HPV16, HPV52 and HPV18 will likely reduce the number of HSIL+ cases independently of HIV status. The frequency of HSIL+ was high among HIV positive women, emphasizing the importance of establishing a screening program which also reaches HIV positive women. Our results highlight the importance of continuous training of staff performing VIA, and also point to the need for other screening methods such as HPV-testing at low cost. © 2014 UICC.	Africa; cervical cancer; HIV; HPV testing; pap smear; sensitivity; specificity; Tanzania; visual inspection with acetic acid	acetic acid; adult; aged; article; cancer grading; cancer screening; cross-sectional study; diagnostic test accuracy study; female; genotype; gold standard; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Human papillomavirus DNA test; Human papillomavirus type 16; Human papillomavirus type 18; Human papillomavirus type 52; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; medical personnel; prevalence; priority journal; professional competence; sensitivity and specificity; Tanzania; uterine cervix cancer; uterine cervix cytology; vagina smear; Africa; cervical cancer; HIV; HPV testing; pap smear; sensitivity; specificity; Tanzania; visual inspection with acetic acid; Acetic Acid; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cervix Uteri; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cytological Techniques; DNA, Viral; Early Detection of Cancer; Female; Genotype; HIV Infections; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Papillomaviridae; Prevalence; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Tanzania; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Vaginal Smears; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867392500	Pedological aspects of land evaluation for in-field rainwater harvesting in south Africa	Le Roux P.A.L., Hensley M.	2012	Irrigation and Drainage	61	SUPPL.2	10.1002/ird.1688	Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Le Roux, P.A.L., Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Hensley, M., Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	The in-field rainwater harvesting (IRWH) technique was designed for improving crop yields of subsistence farmers in semi-arid areas in South Africa. An appropriate soil survey to identify suitable land was developed by means of a field study near Thaba Nchu, South Africa. Results of the land Type Survey of South Africa (scale 1 : 250 000) were used to advantage. Areas suitable for IRWH on two soilscapes were delineated at a scale of 1 : 10 000. Although the procedure was satisfactory, to provide accuracy appropriate for small plots a scale of 1 : 5000 is recommended. The most important pedological characteristic of an IRWH-suitable soil is its capacity to store plant-available water, termed total extractable soil water (TESW). Satisfactory TESW values for maize and sunflower are>150mm, values which occur on fine-textured soils at least 900mm in depth. Other important characteristics are the absence of hydromorphy shallower than 700mm, and a low final infiltration rate that promotes runoff into the basins. The reliability of land evaluation for IRWH can be enhanced by using appropriate crop models together with long-term climate data to compute cumulative probability functions of yield to provide evidence regarding viability for a particular ecotope. It is concluded that the relevant technology and knowledge available in South Africa are adequate for the task ahead. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd..	Mapping procedures; Semi-arid ecotopes; Soil profile characteristics	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907971733	Assessing the performance of smallholder irrigation and deriving best management practices in South Africa	Gomo T., Senzanje A., Mudhara M., Dhavu K.	2014	Irrigation and Drainage	63	4	10.1002/ird.1815	University of KwaZulu-Natal, Bioresources Engineering, School of Engineering, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; University of KwaZulu-Natal, Agricultural Economics and Farmer Support Group, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Gomo, T., University of KwaZulu-Natal, Bioresources Engineering, School of Engineering, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Senzanje, A., University of KwaZulu-Natal, Bioresources Engineering, School of Engineering, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Mudhara, M., University of KwaZulu-Natal, Agricultural Economics and Farmer Support Group, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Dhavu, K., University of KwaZulu-Natal, Bioresources Engineering, School of Engineering, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	The performance of smallholder irrigation schemes is multidimensional and can be looked at from different perspectives. This study assessed the technical performance of the Mooi River irrigation scheme (MRIS) to derive a comprehensive set of best management practices (BMPs). This was done acknowledging that the farmer is now the water manager, in line with participatory irrigation management (PIM) and irrigation management transfer (IMT) concepts. Five performance indicators related to water supply and delivery and agricultural performance were assessed through the field measurement method during spring and summer of the 2010/2011 season. Farmers were interviewed through a questionnaire to gather suggestions on ways to improve the performance of their scheme. Their responses helped in the selection of the BMPs for the scheme which were then ranked using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The results show a scheme average conveyance efficiency of 86.4%, maximum dependability of irrigation interval between water applications of 2.57 in spring and the scheme relative irrigation supply of 1.48. Agricultural performance indicators-output per unit irrigation supply and water productivity (ET)-were found to be 0.64 and 5.37kgm-3, respectively. Irrigation scheduling was the most preferred BMP by the farmers, while volumetric measurement of irrigation water used by each block was the least preferred. This study concludes that water management in smallholder schemes is poor, thus affecting performance of these schemes, and that farmers are aware of the problems and possible solutions to perennial problems hindering performance in smallholder schemes. The study recommends deepening farmers' participation in policy formulation and derivation of BMPs. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Analytic hierarchy process; Best management practice; Performance; Smallholder irrigation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907994204	The impact of irrigation technology on the financial and economic performance of smallholder irrigation in Zimbabwe	Mupaso N., Manzungu E., Mutambara J., Hanyani-Mlambo B.	2014	Irrigation and Drainage	63	4	10.1002/ird.1820	Department of Agricultural Economics and Development, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe; Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Zimbabwe, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Mupaso, N., Department of Agricultural Economics and Development, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe; Manzungu, E., Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mutambara, J., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Zimbabwe, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Hanyani-Mlambo, B., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Zimbabwe, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	The study assessed the impact of irrigation technology on the financial and economic performance of smallholder irrigation in Zimbabwe. The study was conducted in 2011 in the Hamamavhaire and Mhende irrigation schemes in Chirumanzu District (south-central Zimbabwe). A questionnaire survey was administered to 79 respondents drawn from farmers using sprinkler (n=32), flood (n=39) and drip (n=8) systems. Gross margin analysis, in conjunction with cost-benefit analysis, was used to evaluate the financial and economic performance of farmers. Farmers using the sprinkler system obtained the highest total gross margin per hectare (US$2762), followed by the flood system with returns that were 21% lower (US$2191), while the drip system recorded 50% lower returns (US$1387). Economic analysis indicated the superiority of the flood system (NPV=US$36 699; IRR=42% and BCR=4) compared to sprinkler irrigation (NPV=US$27 813; IRR=38%; BCR=2) and the drip system (NPV=US$25 393; IRR=23%; BCR=2). While the flood system was the most desirable from the financial and economic points of view, because of low operational costs, this could be offset by negative environmental impacts. The study concluded that the choice of one particular irrigation technology over another is a fine balance between efficiencies that can be achieved and the development and operational costs. Irrigation technology alone does not determine financial and economic viability. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Cost-benefit analysis; Economic performance; Irrigation technology; Sensitivity analysis; Smallholder; Zimbabwe	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908001390	Evaluation of surge and cutback flow furrow irrigation systems for pepper (Capsicum annuum) production	Gudissa H.D., Edossa D.C.	2014	Irrigation and Drainage	63	4	10.1002/ird.1828	Oromia Water Works Design and Supervision Enterprise, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Civil Engineering, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Gudissa, H.D., Oromia Water Works Design and Supervision Enterprise, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Edossa, D.C., Department of Civil Engineering, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa	The aim of this field experiment was to evaluate surge, cutback and conventional flow furrow irrigation systems in terms of hydraulic, technical and agronomic performance measures for pepper production in Gambella Regional State, Ethiopia. The treatments consisted of two surges (SR1=1/3 cycle ratio and SR2=1/2 cycle ratio), one cutback (CB) and one conventional (C) flow furrow irrigation systems. The advance time ratios (ATR) recorded under the two surge treatments ranged from 0.57 to 0.70. Maximum application efficiency of 61.8%, storage efficiency of 95.1% and uniformity coefficient of 77.3% were recorded under SR1, whereas the lowest corresponding values of 52.8, 81.2 and 56.1% were recorded under C. Maximum deep percolation (23.6%) and tailwater (27.7%) losses were recorded from CB and C treatments, respectively, whereas SR1 and SR2, respectively, gave minimum deep percolation (14.3%) and tailwater (20.5%) losses. In terms of all agronomic performance measures, it was found that SR2 performed well, followed by SR1. However, the C treatment gave minimum yield (6450kgha-1), crop water productivity (17.5kgha-1mm-1) and irrigation water productivity (11.3kgha-1mm-1). From the findings of this study, it was concluded that surge and cutback flow furrow irrigation systems are promising technologies for pepper production in areas with minimal water use. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Conventional irrigation; Crop water productivity; Cutback irrigation; Surface irrigation; Surge irrigation	Capsicum annuum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926609970	Performance of small-scale water management interventions on crop yield, water use and productivity in three agro-ecologies of Malawi	Kadyampakeni D.M., Kazombo-Phiri S., Mati B., Fandika I.R.	2015	Irrigation and Drainage	64	2	10.1002/ird.1886	Kasinthula Research Station, Chikhwawa, Malawi; Chitedze Agricultural Research Station, Lilongwe, Malawi; Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya	Kadyampakeni, D.M., Kasinthula Research Station, Chikhwawa, Malawi; Kazombo-Phiri, S., Chitedze Agricultural Research Station, Lilongwe, Malawi; Mati, B., Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya; Fandika, I.R., Kasinthula Research Station, Chikhwawa, Malawi	Agricultural water management interventions play a critical role in mitigating hunger during droughts and dry seasons in southern Africa. A study was conducted in Malawi to compare the performance of improved agricultural water management interventions with traditional water management practices to assess the performance of the interventions on crop yield and water use. The study used questionnaires and focused group discussions to collect data from farmers and key informants. The results showed significant gains using regulated surface irrigation compared with unregulated surface irrigation. The results showed that yield increases of 33 and 37% for onion and tomato respectively were obtained from wetland seepage irrigation compared with upland cultivation. Treadle pump irrigation increased crop production by 5-54% compared with water can irrigation. Treadle pumps also increased gross and net incomes by ≥12%, suggesting that farmers using the treadle pump were able to realize higher incomes across all crop enterprises compared with farmers using water cans. However, there is a dire need to improve the efficiency of the surface irrigation systems for rice production because the water applied was about two to three times the gross irrigation requirement which could result in environmental degradation through increased salinity and waterlogging. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Irrigation; Smallholder agriculture; Streamflow diversion; Water-use efficiency	Allium cepa; Lycopersicon esculentum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84942984865	Water Delivery Performance at Metahara Large-Scale Irrigation Scheme, Ethiopia	Dejen Z.A., Schultz B., Hayde L.	2015	Irrigation and Drainage	64	4	10.1002/ird.1917	UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, Netherlands; Water Resources and Irrigation Engineering Department, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia	Dejen, Z.A., UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, Netherlands, Water Resources and Irrigation Engineering Department, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia; Schultz, B., UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, Netherlands; Hayde, L., UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, Netherlands	Water distribution, delivery and hydrodynamics in manually operated gravity irrigation schemes are often complex. The nature of the hydrodynamics and its impacts on water delivery are generally not well understood by operators. The Metahara Irrigation Scheme, Ethiopia, with a gross irrigated area of 11 500 ha, is an example of such a scheme. This paper assesses water supply and demand of the scheme and evaluates the water delivery performance to 15 offtakes at head, middle and tail reaches of a 10-km-long canal. Adequacy, efficiency, equity and dependability were used as indicators of water delivery performance. Results indicated that average annual irrigation supply is in excess of demand by 24%. Water delivery at tertiary levels was adequate in terms of quantity, and suggests insignificant field losses. However, a significant amount is lost in the conveyance and distribution canals and to saline swamps at tail ends. Unlike claims of water shortage, the major water management challenge is lack of sound operational rules, which made the delivery inequitable and inefficient. Delivery was inferior in terms of adequacy and dependability at middle reach offtakes. Optimal water diversion and distribution not only save water, but also reduce the danger of waterlogging and salinity in the scheme. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Ethiopia; Gravity irrigation; Metahara; Performance; Water delivery	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78851470158	Towards a performance-oriented management for large- scale irrigation systems: Case study, Rahad scheme, Sudan	Hamid S.H., Mohamed A.A., Mohamed Y.A.	2011	Irrigation and Drainage	60	1	10.1002/ird.546	Hydraulic Research Station, Wad Medani, Sudan; Institute of Water Management and Irrigation, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan; International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; UNESCO-IHE, Delft, Netherlands	Hamid, S.H., Hydraulic Research Station, Wad Medani, Sudan; Mohamed, A.A., Institute of Water Management and Irrigation, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan; Mohamed, Y.A., International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, UNESCO-IHE, Delft, Netherlands	The underperformance problem of large-scale irrigation systems particularly in developing countries, has adversely affected levels of production of those systems. The fact that these irrigation systems are not managed in response to their performance has been identified as the main reason behind their malfunctioning. A performance-oriented management approach is demonstrated here to help irrigation system managers take the right decisions, through continuous in-season performance assessment. The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer satellite images of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA-AVHRR) for the year 2000, complemented by water release data, were used to assess the performance of the Rahad irrigation scheme, Sudan (126 000ha), on a 10-day time step. The Surface Energy Balance Algorithm (SEBAL) was used to process the NOAA-AVHRR images. The decisions on irrigation water allocation are guided by maps of the relative water supply and soil moisture content generated for the last time step. Further decision support could be realized using the performance indicators of the system and the soil water balance for the given time step. A semiautomatic computer program was developed which can be easily used by field staff to support their management decisions. It is anticipated that the application of such an approach will improve the performance of large-scale irrigation systems, and support development of a performance-oriented management culture among the staff of these irrigation systems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Irrigation systems management; Performance; Remote sensing	None	None
WoS	WOS:000287214300001	IMPACT OF SMALL-SCALE IRRIGATION ON HOUSEHOLD POVERTY: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM THE AMBO DISTRICT IN ETHIOPIA	Bacha, Dereje,Bogale, Ayalneh,Namara, Regassa,Tesfaye, Abonesh	2011	IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE	60	1	10.1002/ird.550	Haramaya University, Int Water Management Inst, Minist Water Resources Dev, Oromia Agr Res Inst	"Namara, Regassa: Haramaya University",	A study was conducted in the Ambo district of western Ethiopia in 2006 to understand the poverty reduction impacts of small-scale irrigation development, using the Indris irrigation system as a case study. The study was based on a survey of representative farm households with and without access to irrigation. The total sample size for the study was 222 (107 households with access to irrigation and 115 without). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, the Foster, Greer and Thobeck poverty indices, and Heckman's selectivity model. Results indicate that the incidence, depth, and severity of poverty are significantly lower among those farm households with access to irrigation. In addition to irrigation, other variables such as farm size, livestock holding size, land productivity, and family size significantly influence the level of household consumption expenditure. However, the proportion of poor people in the overall sample, notwithstanding access to irrigation, is alarmingly high, indicating the deep-rooted and critical situation of poverty in rural Ethiopia. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.	"Heckman Model","household consumption expenditure",POVERTY,"rural poverty","small-scale irrigation"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-82055176073	Performance assessment of smallholder irrigation in the central rift valley of Ethiopia	van Halsema G.E., Keddi Lencha B., Assefa M., Hengsdijk H., Wesseler J.	2011	Irrigation and Drainage	60	5	10.1002/ird.613	Irrigation and Water Engineering Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma, Ethiopia; Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Plant Research International, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; Environmental Economics and Natural Resources Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands	van Halsema, G.E., Irrigation and Water Engineering Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; Keddi Lencha, B., Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma, Ethiopia; Assefa, M., Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Hengsdijk, H., Plant Research International, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; Wesseler, J., Environmental Economics and Natural Resources Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands	The recent increase in smallholder irrigation schemes in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia has been associated with the overexploitation of water resources while the economic viability of these schemes has been questioned. This paper assesses water use efficiencies of the Haleku Irrigation Scheme and quantifies improvement scenarios. The viability of these scenarios is discussed taking into account the socio-economic performance of the Haleku Irrigation Scheme and the nearby Dodicha Irrigation Scheme - that feature similar settings but contrasting socio-economic performance. The irrigation efficiency of Haleku is 35% but conveyance losses and application efficiencies vary widely across the scheme. Scenario results indicate scope for improvement and reduced water abstraction. Yields and economic returns of irrigated crops were higher in Haleku than in Dodicha but yields are still lower than attainable yields. Any strategy to increase irrigation efficiency will have to include a programme to improve crop productivity and economic returns. Considering the over-abstraction of water resources the poor irrigation performance of Haleku and the disappointing socio-economic performance of both Haleku and Dodicha suggest that policy should focus on improving existing schemes in the Central Rift Valley instead of further developing new ones. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.	Horticulture; Irrigation efficiency; Poverty reduction; Water management	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77649197354	Biological relevance of ion energy in performance of human endothelial cells on ion-implanted flexible polyurethane surfaces	Özkucur N., Richter E., Wetzel C., Funk R.H.W., Monsees T.K.	2010	Journal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part A	93	1	10.1002/jbm.a.32541	Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Department of Ion Beam Physics and Material Research, Dresden, Germany; Department of Ion Beam and Plasma Technique, Fraunhofer Institute, Dresden, Germany; Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa	Özkucur, N., Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; Richter, E., Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Department of Ion Beam Physics and Material Research, Dresden, Germany; Wetzel, C., Department of Ion Beam and Plasma Technique, Fraunhofer Institute, Dresden, Germany; Funk, R.H.W., Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; Monsees, T.K., Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany, Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa	To improve the biocompatibility of polyurethane (PUR), we modified the surface by irradiation with different ions (Carbon; C, Oxygen; O, Nitrogen; N, or Argon; Ar) at 0.3-50 keV energy and doses of 1,00E+13 - 1,00E+15 ions/cm 2. The effects of ion implantation using different ion energies and densities were observed on adhesion, proliferation, and viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The long-term in vitro stability of ion-implanted PUR was also investigated. Ion irradiation moderately affected the surface roughness (Ra), but strongly enhanced the work of adhesion (Wa). Cell adhesion was markedly improved on O-, N-, and Ar-, but not on C-implanted PUR surfaces. Medium ion energies and lower ion doses produced the best HUVEC attachment and proliferation, indicating the importance of choosing the proper range of energy applied during ion irradiation. In addition, apoptosis rates were significantly reduced when compared with unmodified PUR (uPUR). N implantation significantly protected the surface, although C implantation led to stronger surface erosions than on uPUR. In total, ion implantation on flexible PUR surfaces strongly improved the material surface characteristics and biocompatibility. Electron beam ion implantation within an appropriate energy window is thus a key to improving flexible PUR surfaces for clinical use to support endothelial cell performance. Thus, it can contribute to designing small-diameter grafts, which are in great demand, towards vascular tissue engineering applications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	Adhesion; Biocompatibility; HUVECs; Ion implantation; Polyurethane	Apoptosis rates; Clinical use; Energy windows; Flexible Polyurethanes; Human endothelial cells; Human umbilical vein endothelial cells; HUVECs; In-vitro; Ion dose; Ion energies; Ion irradiation; Material surface; N implantation; Small-diameter; Surface erosion; Vascular tissue engineering; Work of adhesion; Adhesion; Argon; Biocompatibility; Blood vessel prostheses; Cell adhesion; Cell death; Electron beams; Ion bombardment; Ion implantation; Oxygen; Self assembly; Surface properties; Surface roughness; Tissue engineering; Endothelial cells; argon; carbon; ion; nitrogen; oxygen; polyurethan; apoptosis; article; biocompatibility; cell adhesion; cell count; cell density; cell proliferation; cell structure; cell viability; concentration response; controlled study; electron beam; endothelium cell; energy; human; human cell; implantation; irradiation; surface property; umbilical vein; Apoptosis; Cell Adhesion; Cell Count; Cell Proliferation; Cell Shape; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media; Endothelial Cells; Humans; Implants, Experimental; Ions; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Pliability; Polyurethanes; Surface Properties; Thermodynamics	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-66349139085	Evaluation of extracts of Jatropha curcas and Moringa oleifera in culture media for selective inhibition of saprophytic fungal contaminants	Ayanbimpe G.M., Ojo T.K., Afolabi E., Opara F., Orsaah S., Ojerinde O.S.	2009	Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis	23	3	10.1002/jcla.20311	Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Department of Microbiol	Ayanbimpe, G.M., Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, P.M.B. 2084, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Ojo, T.K., Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Afolabi, E., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Opara, F., Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Orsaah, S., Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Ojerinde, O.S., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria	Most fungi occur in nature and utilize simple sources of carbohydrates and nitrogen for growth. Sabouraud's dextrose agar has been an ideal medium for primary isolation of fungi from clinical specimens, but for specimens from nonsterile sites or heavily contaminated ones, it has been necessary to include inhibitory substances such as antibiotics like chloramphenicol (antibacterial) and cycloheximide (antifungal). The problems we have in the our laboratory owing to frequent contamination of cultures and the delays in the procurement of cycloheximide have stimulated a search for alternatives in our local environment to enhance effective laboratory diagnoses of fungal infections. Purified extracts of the leaves and bark of Jatropha curcas and Moringa oleifera (common plants in our locality) were tested against clinical isolates of fungi at various concentrations to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration at which common fungal contaminants are inhibited, without affecting the growth of the pathogenic fungi sought for. At a concentration of 0.75mgml-1 contaminants were totally inhibited by the leaf extracts. The bark extracts did not inhibit any fungus even at higher concentrations. From the results it was evident that the leaf extracts of both plants have potentials for use as inhibitory substances in culture media against contaminant fungi including Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., etc. J. curcas and M. oleifera are very common plants in our locality. They can be obtained at almost no cost and at any time needed. The benefits of these findings to mycology laboratories in a developing country are enormous. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.	Contaminant fungi; Jatropha; Moringa; Selective inhibition	plant extract; antifungal activity; article; bark; concentration response; controlled study; culture medium; fungal contamination; fungus growth; Jatropha; laboratory test; minimum inhibitory concentration; Moringa oleifera; nonhuman; plant leaf; saprotroph; Antifungal Agents; Aspergillus; Cell Proliferation; Culture Media; Cycloheximide; Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures; Humans; Jatropha; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mitosporic Fungi; Moringa oleifera; Mycoses; Penicillium; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Trichophyton; Aspergillus; Fungi; Jatropha; Jatropha curcas; Moringa; Moringa oleifera; Penicillium	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892484362	Evaluation of rapid syphilis tests in KwaZulu-Natal	Dlamini N.R., Phili R., Connolly C.	2014	Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis	28	1	10.1002/jcla.21647	Department of Medical Microbiology, National Health Laboratory Service, Durban, South Africa; Ethekwini South Business Unit, National Health Laboratory Service, Durban, South Africa; Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa	Dlamini, N.R., Department of Medical Microbiology, National Health Laboratory Service, Durban, South Africa; Phili, R., Ethekwini South Business Unit, National Health Laboratory Service, Durban, South Africa; Connolly, C., Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa	Background: Despite the considerable decrease in the seroprevalence of syphilis in South Africa, with an estimated prevalence of 1.5% in 2010, the disease remains a threat particularly to pregnant women, hence there is a need for a rapid, reliable, and affordable screening and diagnostic test. A laboratory evaluation study was conducted in response to a call by the KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) Provincial Department of Health that is considering using rapid point-of-care syphilis tests. Methods: The performances of the Hexagon and the SD Bioline syphilis tests were compared with the Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA) reference test using 297 (142 positive and 155 negative) serum specimens. Results: Both assays demonstrated good performance with negative and positive concordance of 97 and 94% for the Hexagon assay and 98 and 90% for SD Bioline assay, respectively, when compared to the TPHA. The Hexagon test was quicker and easier to read than the SD Bioline test. Conclusion: Although the rapid syphilis tests performed favorably, a number of issues need to be considered prior to their use for syphilis screening in the public sector of South Africa. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	Rapid; Screening; Syphilis; Testing; Treponemal	article; Hexagon syphilis test; human; human tissue; major clinical study; nonhuman; point of care testing; SD bioline syphilis; syphilis; syphilis rapid test; Treponema pallidum; Treponema pallidum hemagglutination test; Treponema pallidum; rapid; screening; syphilis; testing; treponemal; False Negative Reactions; Female; Hemagglutination Tests; Humans; Pregnancy; Reagins; Reference Standards; South Africa; Syphilis; Treponema pallidum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929298875	Evaluation of the Utility of Serum Prolidase as a Marker for Liver Fibrosis	Stanfliet J.C., Locketz M., Berman P., Pillay T.S.	2015	Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis	29	3	10.1002/jcla.21752	Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria and National Health Laboratory Service, Tshwane Academic Division, Pretoria, South Africa	Stanfliet, J.C., Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa; Locketz, M., Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa; Berman, P., Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa; Pillay, T.S., Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria and National Health Laboratory Service, Tshwane Academic Division, Pretoria, South Africa	Liver dysfunction is common and often unrecognized. Liver biopsy is the gold standard in the assessment of liver fibrosis, but has disadvantages. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of serum prolidase enzyme activity (SPA) in predicting the presence and degree of liver fibrosis, as compared with liver biopsy. Further, we evaluated the effect of hemolysis on measured SPA levels. Methods: We undertook a prospective case control study. Thirty eight outpatients without apparent liver illness and 20 patients with liver pathology scheduled to undergo liver biopsy had their SPA levels measured. Results: Patients undergoing liver biopsy had higher SPA levels (361 (268) IU/l [median (interquartile range)]) compared with controls (169 (160) (P < 0.001)). A SPA cutoff value of 200 IU/l yielded a sensitivity of 89%, specificity of 59%, an odds ratio of 11.5, negative predictive value of 92%, and a positive predictive value of 50%. Hemolysis causes an apparent increase in SPA levels. Conclusion: Higher SPA levels in patients undergoing liver biopsies compared with controls may reflect the presence of liver fibrosis. SPA levels could not be used to stage the degree of fibrosis. SPA measurement may be useful in the diagnostic workup of suspected liver disease. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	Diagnostic accuracy; Liver pathology; Prolidase; Receiver-operator curve; Screening	biological marker; proline dipeptidase; dipeptidase; proline dipeptidase; adult; Article; case control study; clinical article; comparative study; controlled study; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test accuracy study; diagnostic value; enzyme activity; enzyme blood level; female; hemolysis; hepatitis B; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; human tissue; liver biopsy; liver fibrosis; male; predictive value; prospective study; sensitivity and specificity; syphilis; biopsy; blood; liver; liver cirrhosis; pathology; physiology; receiver operating characteristic; retrospective study; Biopsy; Dipeptidases; Female; Hemolysis; Humans; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; ROC Curve	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908481681	In Vivo Monitoring of Intracellular Chloroplast Movements in Intact Leaves of C4 Plants Using Two-Photon Microscopy	Ryu J., Nam H., Kim H.K., Joo Y., Lee S.J., Kim K.H.	2014	Microscopy Research and Technique	77	10	10.1002/jemt.22403	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja Dong, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea; Center for Biofluid and Biomimic Research, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja Dong, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea; Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja Dong, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, CIMMYT-Ethiopia, P. O. Box, 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Ryu, J., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja Dong, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea, Center for Biofluid and Biomimic Research, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja Dong, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea; Nam, H., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja Dong, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea; Kim, H.K., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja Dong, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea, Center for Biofluid and Biomimic Research, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja Dong, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, CIMMYT-Ethiopia, P. O. Box, 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Joo, Y., Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja Dong, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea; Lee, S.J., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja Dong, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea, Center for Biofluid and Biomimic Research, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja Dong, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea; Kim, K.H., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja Dong, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea, Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja Dong, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea	Dynamic changes in the spatial distribution of chloroplasts are essential for optimizing photosynthetic capacity under changing light conditions. Light-induced movement of chloroplasts has been widely investigated, but most studies were conducted on isolated tissues or protoplasts. In this study, a two-photon microscopy (TPM) system was adapted to monitor the intracellular 3-dimensional (3D) movements of chloroplasts in intact leaves of plants during dark to light transitions. The TPM imaging was based on autofluorescence of chlorophyll generated by a femto-second Ti:Sapphire laser. All chloroplasts did not exhibit the same motion in response to irradiation variation. In the sub-epidermal mesophyll cells, chloroplasts generally moved away from the surface following blue light treatment, however many chloroplasts did not show any movement. Such spatial heterogeneity in chloroplast motility underlines the importance of monitoring intracellular orientation and movement of individual chloroplasts across intact leaves. Our investigation shows that the 3D imaging of chloroplasts using TPM can help to understand the changes in local photosynthetic capacity in intact leaves under changing environmental conditions. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	Chloroplast; Intact plants; Intracellular movement; Photosynthetic capacity; Twophoton microscopy	chloroplast; maize; multiphoton microscopy; physiology; plant leaf; procedures; sorghum; three dimensional imaging; ultrastructure; Chloroplasts; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton; Plant Leaves; Sorghum; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76149091240	Microwave-assisted synthesis and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of 3-{3-(s-aryl and s-heteroaromatic)acryloyl}-2H-chromen-2-one derivatives	Ajani O.O., Nwinyi O.C.	2010	Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry	47	1	10.1002/jhet.298	Chemistry Department, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Biological Science, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	Ajani, O.O., Chemistry Department, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Nwinyi, O.C., Department of Biological Science, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	(Chemical Equation Presented) The exploration of potential utilization of microwaves as an energy source for heterocyclic synthesis was herein investigated using condensation of 3-acetylcoumarin (1) with aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes to afford the corresponding aromatic chalcones (2a-j) and heteroaromatic chalcones (3a-e and 4a-e), respectively, in good to excellent yield within 1-3 min. The chemical structures were confirmed by analytical and spectral data. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity and 3-{3-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)acryloyl}-2H-chromen-2- one (2i) was discovered to be the most active at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 7.8 μg/mL. © 2010 HeteroCorporation.	None	3 (5 phenylpenta 2,4 dienoyl) 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (3 hydroxyphenyl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (4 chlorophenyl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (4 dimethylaminophenyl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (4 ethylphenyl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (4 hydroxy 3 methoxyphenyl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (4 hydroxyphenyl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (4 nitrophenyl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 chloro 1h pyrrol 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 chlorofuran 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 ethyl 1h pyrrol 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 ethylfuran 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 methyl 1h pyrrol 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 methylfuran 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 nitro 1h pyrrol 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 nitrofuran 2 yl]acryloyl) 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (furan 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 acetylcoumarin; 3 cinnamoyl 2h chromen 2 one; aldehyde derivative; antiinfective agent; chalcone derivative; coumarin derivative; streptomycin; unclassified drug; antibacterial activity; article; Bacillus anthracis; Bacillus cereus; Bacillus subtilis; controlled study; drug screening; drug structure; drug synthesis; Escherichia coli; Geobacillus stearothermophilus; infrared spectroscopy; Klebsiella pneumoniae; mass spectrometry; microwave radiation; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; nuclear magnetic resonance; polymerization; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Shigella dysenteriae; Staphylococcus aureus; ultraviolet spectroscopy	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646572205	Investments in ICT-capital and economic performance of small and medium scale enterprises in East Africa	Chowdhury S.K.	2006	Journal of International Development	18	4	10.1002/jid.1250	International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), 2033 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20006, United States; Susanna Wolf Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Chowdhury, S.K., International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), 2033 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20006, United States, Susanna Wolf Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	In this paper, we focused on whether investments in ICTs could cause any increases in a firm's performance. We constructed a data set for two East African countries - Kenya and Tanzania for small and medium scale enterprises and focused on three performance indicators - internal rate of return, labour productivity and domestic and export market expansion. Findings of this paper suggested that investments in ICT have a positive impact on general market expansion. However, it has a negative impact on labour productivity, and such investment does not have any significant impact on the firm's return nor does it determine the firm's exporter (non-exporter) status. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	East Africa; Enterprises; ICT capital; ICTs; Investments	information and communication technology; investment; small and medium-sized enterprise; Africa; East Africa; Kenya; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547153730	Globalisation and poverty: Impacts on households of employment and restructuring in the Textiles industry of South Africa	Bezuidenhout A., Khunou G., Mosoetsa S., Sutherland K., Thoburn J.	2007	Journal of International Development	19	5	10.1002/jid.1308	Sociology of Work Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Development Studies, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom	Bezuidenhout, A., Sociology of Work Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Khunou, G., Sociology of Work Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Mosoetsa, S., Sociology of Work Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Sutherland, K., School of Development Studies, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom; Thoburn, J., School of Development Studies, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom	This paper addresses an important but often neglected theme in debates on globalisation - the consequences for workers of engagement in global markets, particularly for those workers who are retrenched in the process. Using the South African textiles industry as a case study, the paper investigates the impact on workers' household livelihoods of industrial restructuring following trade liberalisation in the 1990s. Interviews with textile workers and retrenched textile workers were conducted in five locations in three provinces - the Western Cape, the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal - in order to capture different local dynamics. Workers employed in textiles generally enjoy a relatively stable formal sector wage, which, though less than the manufacturing average, is well above the national poverty line. However, the benefits were not evenly spread between the regions and job insecurity has been increasing. Workers retrenched from textile employment have faced extreme difficulties in a country with exceptionally high levels of open unemployment, and many families have fallen into deep poverty, which may now be transmitted intergenerationally. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Globalisation; Households; Poverty; South Africa; Textiles; Trade liberalisation	employment; globalization; industrial restructuring; poverty; textile industry; trade liberalization; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-61749094806	Internalisation and firm performance: Evidence from estimates of efficiency in banking in Namibia and Tanzania	Okeahalam C.C.	2008	Journal of International Development	20	7	10.1002/jid.1455	BAR, AGH Group, Private Bag X9, Benmore 2010 Johannesburg, South Africa	Okeahalam, C.C., BAR, AGH Group, Private Bag X9, Benmore 2010 Johannesburg, South Africa	This paper assesses and compares the impact of internationalisation on the economic performance of firms in the banking sector in Namibia and Tanzania. With the aid of financial ratios and econometric analysis, measures of efficiency are used as proxies for overall economic performance and comparisons are made. In Namibia, the market is more concentrated than in Tanzania, all the foreign banks are fromone country, and they have had a presence in the country for a long time. In Tanzania, the market is less concentrated than in Namibia, foreign entry is from a number of countries and has been more recent. The study finds that in Namibia, all the foreign banks are larger but more inefficient than domestically owned banks. In Tanzania, foreign banks are more efficient than domestic banks. These results suggest that the generation of foreign entry and industry structure are significant determinants of positive spillovers of internationalisation. They also indicate that the type of foreign entrant, not, just foreign entry determines the impact on efficiency and the competitive landscape. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Banking; Competition; Effciency; Internationalisation; Namibia; Performance; Tanzania	banking; competition (economics); competitiveness; globalization; technical efficiency; Africa; East Africa; Namibia; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-66049132442	Institutions and economic performance: Implications for African development	Luiz J.M.	2009	Journal of International Development	21	1	10.1002/jid.1472	Wits Business School, University of Witwatersrand, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa	Luiz, J.M., Wits Business School, University of Witwatersrand, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa	The recent economic performance of Sub Saharan Africa has been very disappointing. Its poverty has many dimensions and causes, both internal and external. This paper focuses on the role of institutions in promoting or hindering economic development in Africa and the implications for doing business on the continent. It questions our understanding of institutions and how they develop and warns against simplistic assumptions in this regard. The paper examines how it is that institutions come to affect economic growth and the characteristics of what makes for good institutions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Africa; Development; Institutions	business; economic development; economic growth; institutional development; poverty; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650230819	Potential impacts of a green revolution in Africa-the case of Ghana	Breisinger C., Diao X., Thurlow J., Hassan R.M.A.	2011	Journal of International Development	23	1	10.1002/jid.1641	International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC, United States; University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana	Breisinger, C., International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC, United States; Diao, X., International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC, United States; Thurlow, J., International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC, United States; Hassan, R.M.A., University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana	Agricultural growth in Africa has accelerated, yet most of this growth has been driven by land expansion. Land expansion potential is reaching its limits, urging governments to shift towards a green revolution type of productivity-led growth. Given the huge public investments required, this paper aims to assess the potential impacts of a green revolution. Results from a CGE model for Ghana show that green revolution type growth is strongly pro-poor and provides substantial transfers to the rest of the economy, thus providing a powerful argument to raise public expenditure on agriculture to make a green revolution happen in Africa. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Africa; Agriculture; CGE; Ghana; Green revolution; Growth; Microsimulation; Poverty	agricultural economics; green revolution; investment; numerical model; poverty; public spending; Ghana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888059440	Impact of the global financial and economic crisis on development: Whither africa?	Fosu A.K.	2013	Journal of International Development	25	8	10.1002/jid.2971	UN University, WIDER, Helsinki, Finland; University of Ghana, Economics and ISSER, Legon, Accra, Ghana	Fosu, A.K., UN University, WIDER, Helsinki, Finland, University of Ghana, Economics and ISSER, Legon, Accra, Ghana	The global economic crisis beginning in 2008 has come at an inopportune time for Africa. Economic growth had recovered, poverty had declined, and human development had improved. Then the crisis hit. Growth then fell by 60 per cent. The growth decline has been less than in previous economic crises though. Africa's resilience currently likely results from improvements in economic and political governance and to changes in the external environment. It appears that Africa will once again resume its path towards prosperity. However, although low-income and 'fragile' countries appear to be holding up well, many of them critically depend on external assistance. Above all, the commitment to improved governance must continue. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Africa; Economic crisis; Global	financial crisis; global economy; low income population; Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888030853	Financial crisis in asia: Its genesis, severity and impact on poverty and hunger	Imai K.S., Gaiha R., Thapa G., Annim S.K.	2013	Journal of International Development	25	8	10.1002/jid.2972	University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; University of Delhi, Delhi, India; IFAD, Rome, Italy; University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	Imai, K.S., University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Gaiha, R., University of Delhi, Delhi, India; Thapa, G., IFAD, Rome, Italy; Annim, S.K., University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	Building on the recent literature on finance, growth and hunger, we have examined the experience of Asian countries over the period 1960-2010 by dynamic and static panel data models. We have found evidence favouring a positive role of finance-defined as private credit by banks-on growth of GDP and agricultural value added. Private credit as well as loans from the World Bank significantly reduces undernourishment, whereas remittances and loans from microfinance institutions appear to have a negative impact on poverty. Our empirical evidence shows that growth performance was significantly lower during the recent global financial crisis than non-crisis periods, although the severity is much smaller during the recent financial crisis than Asian financial crisis. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Agriculture; Asia; Economic development; Finance; Inequality; Poverty	agriculture; credit provision; economic development; empirical analysis; financial crisis; Gross Domestic Product; hunger; lending behavior; panel data; poverty; Asia	ESRC, Economic and Social Research Council
Scopus	2-s2.0-84954381413	Performance of pairwise shape dissimilarity morphometrics on nonmammalian taxa (Insecta: Neuroptera: Mantispidae)	Bakkes D.K., Snyman L.P., Pirk C.W.W., Sole C.L.	2015	Journal of Morphology	276	12	10.1002/jmor.20436	Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa	Bakkes, D.K., Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa; Snyman, L.P., Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa; Pirk, C.W.W., Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa; Sole, C.L., Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa	Morphometric dissimilarity metrics aim to quantify the variation between compared specimens such that inferences about their relatedness and alpha taxonomy can be made. Recently, the technique has developed metrics that purport to quantify shape dissimilarity between specimens-employing the use of least squares regression analysis. These metrics have been well applied by studies in the hominin fossil record with an arguably unsubstantiated backing for the technique. Originally postulated was the log10 sem metric which subsequently led to the standard error test of the hypothesis metric. Following this, the standard deviation of logged ratios (SLR) metric arose as a pairwise dissimilarity metric that constrains the regression to a zero-intercept, that is, a significant development in the robustness of the technique. This metric was tested on extant primates in order to evaluate its effectiveness alongside the two other metrics. It was shown to be the most reliable for comparisons between specimens of primates, but was unable to discriminate between heterospecific and conspecific comparisons. Arguably, an alternative model organism with which to compare the technique is lacking. This study considers shape dissimilarity metrics with respect to a group of nonmammalian organisms (mantidflies) and tests the metrics against three lines of evidence (morphology, CO1-DNA, and geographic distribution) that can delimit the species-level taxonomy for the group. It is shown that the metrics are unable to discriminate between pairwise comparisons of closely related species, resulting in biologically erroneous groupings, and contradicting the groupings derived from morphological, CO1-DNA, and distributional comparisons. It is thus asserted that the technique is unsuitable for use in alpha taxonomy as an additional line of evidence in mantidflies. It is further supposed that morphometrics in general should be employed with caution in studies of evolutionary history as phylogeny is not the only information contained within morphometric data. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	DNA; Log sem; Mantispid; Standard deviation of logged ratios; Standard error test of the hypothesis	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956627853	Poor performance of hepatitis C antibody tests in hospital patients in Uganda	Seremba E., Ocama P., Opio C.K., Thomas D.L., Yuan H.J., Attar N., Lee W.M.	2010	Journal of Medical Virology	82	8	10.1002/jmv.21817	Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, MD, United States; Southwestern Medical School, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, United States	Seremba, E., Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; Ocama, P., Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; Opio, C.K., Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; Thomas, D.L., Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; Yuan, H.J., Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, MD, United States; Attar, N., Southwestern Medical School, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, United States; Lee, W.M., Southwestern Medical School, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, United States	Most hepatitis C testing in Uganda is performed using commercial rapid strip assays (RSA) to detect antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV), rather than enzyme immunoassays (EIA). The prevalence of hepatitis C antibodies in a Ugandan hospital population was determined using both methods to test their accuracy using nucleic acid testing (NAT) as a reference. Sera from 380 consecutive hospitalized Ugandan patients were tested for anti-HCV using an RSA in Uganda, with subsequent automated third-generation EIA testing in the United States, followed by NAT. Recombinant immunoblot assays (RIBA) were used as a supplementary test to detect anti-HCV epitopes. Overall, anti-HCV was detected in 48/380 (13%) by one or both antibody tests. Anti-HCV was detected in 19 (5.0%) patients by RSA and in 33 (8.7%) patients by EIA; only four patients were anti-HCV positive by both methods. Fourteen of the 48 anti-HCV positive patients had detectable serum HCV RNA, 7 each by bDNA assay or by PCR. RSA detected only 7 of 14 HCV RNA positive sera. Of 29 RNA negative but anti-HCV positive patients tested by RIBA, only two were anti-HCV positive; 27 were anti-HCV negative or indeterminate. Anti-HCV testing by RSA and/or EIA was neither sensitive nor specific for detection of ongoing HCV infection in hospitalized Ugandan patients. Our findings underscore the importance of confirmatory nucleic acid testing, which, despite its increased cost, appears essential to manage African patients with HCV. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.	Anti-HCV; Enzyme immunoassay; Nucleic acid testing; Rapid slide test	hepatitis C antibody; virus antibody; virus RNA; hepatitis C antibody; adolescent; adult; aged; antibody blood level; article; assay; cohort analysis; cross-sectional study; diagnostic accuracy; DNA determination; female; hepatitis C; Hepatitis C virus; hospitalization; human; immunoassay; immunoblotting; major clinical study; male; polymerase chain reaction; rapid strip assay; recombinant immunoblot assay; sensitivity and specificity; seroprevalence; Uganda; United States; West Nile flavivirus; blood; comparative study; evaluation study; hepatitis C; hospital; immunoassay; middle aged; procedures; very elderly; young adult; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Hepatitis C; Hepatitis C Antibodies; Hospitals; Humans; Immunoassay; Male; Middle Aged; Sensitivity and Specificity; Uganda; Young Adult; Hepatitis C virus; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Hepatitis C; Hepatitis C Antibodies; Hospitals; Humans; Immunoassay; Male; Middle Aged; Sensitivity and Specificity; Uganda; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-81355147314	Prevalence and impact of hepatitis B and C virus co-infections in antiretroviral treatment naïve patients with HIV infection at a major treatment center in Ghana	Sagoe K.W.C., Agyei A.A., Ziga F., Lartey M., Adiku T.K., Seshi M., Arens M.Q., Mingle J.A.A.	2012	Journal of Medical Virology	84	1	10.1002/jmv.22262	Clinical Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; Pharmacy Department, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Retrovirus Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO, United States	Sagoe, K.W.C., Clinical Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; Agyei, A.A., Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; Ziga, F., Pharmacy Department, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Lartey, M., Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; Adiku, T.K., Clinical Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; Seshi, M., Clinical Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; Arens, M.Q., Retrovirus Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO, United States; Mingle, J.A.A., Clinical Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana	Data on the effects of the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in patients co-infected with these viruses and HIV in West Africa are conflicting and little information is available in Ghana. A cohort of 138 treatment naïve individuals infected with HIV was screened for HBV and HCV serologic markers; HBsAg positive patients were tested for HBeAg, anti-HBe, and anti-HBc IgM. The viral load of HIV-1 in the plasma was determined in 81 patients. Eighteen of the 138 patients (13%) and 5 (3.6%) had HBsAg and anti-HCV, respectively. None of the patients had anti-HBc IgM, but 10 (55.6%) and 8 (44.4%) of the 18 patients who were HBsAg positive had HBeAg and anti-HBe, respectively. In patients with measurement of CD4 + undertaken within 1 month (n=83), CD4 + count was significantly lower in patients with HBeAg (median [IQR], 81 [22-144]) as compared to those with anti-HBe (median [IQR], 210 [197-222]) (P=0.002, CI: -96.46 to 51.21). However, those with HIV mono-infection had similar CD4 + counts (median [IQR], 57 [14-159]) compared to those with HBeAg (P=1.0, CI: -71.75 to 73.66). Similar results were obtained if CD4 + count was measured within 2 months prior to initiation of HAART (n=119). Generally, HBV and anti-HCV did not affect CD4 + and viral loads of HIV-1 in plasma but patients with HIV and HBV co-infection who had HBeAg had more severe immune suppression as compared to those with anti-HBe. This may have implication for initiating HAART in HBV endemic areas. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	CD4 +; Ghana; Hepatitis viruses; HIV; Viral load	antiretrovirus agent; hepatitis B core antibody; hepatitis B surface antigen; hepatitis B(e) antibody; hepatitis B(e) antigen; adult; article; CD4+ T lymphocyte; controlled study; Ghana; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis C virus; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immune response; major clinical study; mixed infection; prevalence; screening test; virus load; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Coinfection; Comorbidity; Female; Ghana; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; Hepatitis C; Hepatitis C Antibodies; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Immunoglobulin M; Male; Middle Aged; Viral Load; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis C virus; Human immunodeficiency virus 1	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33750303862	Performance of recalibration systems for GCM forecasts for southern Africa	Shongwe M.E., Landman W.A., Mason S.J.	2006	International Journal of Climatology	26	12	10.1002/joc.1319	Swaziland National Meteorological Service, Mbabane, Swaziland; Department of Geography Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; South Africa Weather Service, Pretoria, South Africa; International Research Institute for Climate and Society, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 201, 3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands	Shongwe, M.E., Swaziland National Meteorological Service, Mbabane, Swaziland, Department of Geography Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 201, 3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands; Landman, W.A., Department of Geography Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, South Africa Weather Service, Pretoria, South Africa; Mason, S.J., International Research Institute for Climate and Society, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States	Two regression-based methods that recalibrate the ECHAM4.5 general circulation model (GCM) output during austral summer have been developed for southern Africa, and their performance assessed over a 12-year retroactive period 1989/90-2000/01. A linear statistical model linking near-global sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) to regional rainfall has also been developed. The recalibration technique is model output statistics (MOS) using principal components regression (PCR) and canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to statistically link archived records of the GCM to regional rainfall over much of Africa, south of the equator. The predictability of anomalously dry and wet conditions over each rainfall region during December-February (DJF) using the linear statistical model and MOS models has been quantitatively evaluated. The MOS technique outperforms the raw-GCM ensembles and the linear statistical model. Neither the PCR-MOS nor the CCA-MOS models show clear superiority over the other, probably because the two methods are closely related. The need to recalibrate GCM predictions at regional scales to improve their skill at smaller spatial scales is further demonstrated in this paper. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society.	Canonical correlation analysis; Climate variability; General circulation models; Model output statistics; Model validation; Principal components regression; Sea-surface temperatures; Seasonal climate pediction; Southern Africa	Atmospheric movements; Atmospheric temperature; Climate change; Correlation methods; Mathematical models; Principal component analysis; Rain; Regression analysis; Canonical correlation analysis; Climate variability; General circulation model (GCM); Model output statistics; Principal components regression; Sea-surface temperature; Seasonal climate prediction; Climatology; atmospheric modeling; calibration; climate variation; forecasting method; general circulation model; model validation; principal component analysis; regression analysis; sea surface temperature; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-61749084412	The impact of the positive Indian Ocean dipole on Zimbabwe droughts	Manatsa D., Chingombe W., Matarira C.H.	2008	International Journal of Climatology	28	15	10.1002/joc.1695	Bindura University of Science Education, Faculty of Science, Zimbabwe; Geography Department, National University of Lesotho, Lesotho, Lesotho; University of the Western Cape, Department of Earth Sciences, Western Cape, South Africa	Manatsa, D., Bindura University of Science Education, Faculty of Science, Zimbabwe; Chingombe, W., Bindura University of Science Education, Faculty of Science, Zimbabwe, University of the Western Cape, Department of Earth Sciences, Western Cape, South Africa; Matarira, C.H., Geography Department, National University of Lesotho, Lesotho, Lesotho	A comparative study of the impact of the anomalous positive Indian Ocean SST gradient, referred to as the Indian Ocean Dipole/Zonal Mode (IODZM), and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on Zimbabwe seasonal rainfall variability for the period 1940-1999, is documented. Composite techniques together with simple and partial correlation analyses are employed to segregate the unique association related to IODZM/ENSO with respect to the Zimbabwe seasonal rainfall. The analysis reveals that the IODZM impact on the country's summer rainfall is overwhelming as compared to that of ENSO when the two are in competition. The IODZM influence remains high (significant above 99% confidence level), even after the influence of ENSO has been removed, while that of ENSO collapses to insignificance (even at 90% confidence level) when the IODZM contribution is eliminated. The relationship between ENSO and Zimbabwe seasonal rainfall seems to be sustained through El Niño occurring in the presence of positive IODZM events. However, when the co-occurring positive IODZM and El Niño events are removed from the analysis, it is apparently clear that ENSO has little to do with the country's rainfall variability. On the other hand, positive IODZM is mostly associated with the rainfall deficits, whether or not it co-occurs with El Niño. However, the co-occurrence of the two events does not necessarily suggest that El Niño influences droughts through the positive IODZM events. The El Niño event components during co-occurrence seem to be unrelated (at least linearly) to the droughts, while the positive IODZM events display a relatively strong relationship that is significant above the 95% confidence level. It thus becomes important to extend the study of this nature to cover the whole of southern Africa, so that the extent of the impact of the phenomena can be realized over the whole region. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society.	Drought prediction; Droughts; El Niño-Southern oscillation; Indian ocean dipole/Zonal Mode; Seasonal rainfall; Southern Africa	Atmospheric pressure; Drought; Nickel compounds; Ocean engineering; Oceanography; Co occurrences; Comparative studies; Confidence levels; Indian ocean dipole/Zonal Mode; Indian ocean dipoles; Influence of enso; Partial correlations; Rainfall variabilities; Seasonal rainfall; Southern Africa; Summer rainfalls; Zimbabwe; Rain; air-sea interaction; correlation; drought; El Nino-Southern Oscillation; rainfall; sea surface temperature; seasonal variation; Africa; Indian Ocean; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349223924	Performance comparison of some dynamical and empirical downscaling methods for South Africa from a seasonal climate modelling perspective	Landman W.A., Kgatuke M.-J., Mbedzi M., Beraki A., Bartman A., du Piesanie A.	2009	International Journal of Climatology	29	11	10.1002/joc.1766	South African Weather Service, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Landman, W.A., South African Weather Service, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Kgatuke, M.-J., South African Weather Service, Pretoria, South Africa; Mbedzi, M., South African Weather Service, Pretoria, South Africa; Beraki, A., South African Weather Service, Pretoria, South Africa; Bartman, A., South African Weather Service, Pretoria, South Africa; du Piesanie, A., South African Weather Service, Pretoria, South Africa	The ability of advanced state-of-the-art methods of downscaling large-scale climate predictions to regional and local scale as seasonal rainfall forecasting tools for South Africa is assessed. Various downscaling techniques and raw general circulation model (GCM) output are compared to one another over 10 December-January-February (DJF) seasons from 1991/1992 to 2000/2001 and also to a baseline prediction technique that uses only global sea-surface temperature (SST) anomalies as predictors. The various downscaling techniques described in this study include both an empirical technique called model output statistics (MOS) and a dynamical technique where a finer resolution regional climate model (RCM) is nested into the large-scale fields of a coarser GCM. The study addresses the performance of a number of simulation systems (no forecast lead-time) of varying complexity. These systems' performance is tested for both homogeneous regions and for 963 stations over South Africa, and compared with each other over the 10-year test period. For the most part, the simulations method outscores the baseline method that uses SST anomalies to simulate rainfall, therefore providing evidence that current approaches in seasonal forecasting are outscoring earlier ones. Current operational forecasting approaches involve the use of GCMs, which are considered to be the main tool whereby seasonal forecasting efforts will improve in the future. Advantages in statistically post-processing output from GCMs as well as output from RCMs are demonstrated. Evidence is provided that skill should further improve with an increased number of ensemble members. The demonstrated importance of statistical models in operation capacities is a major contribution to the science of seasonal forecasting. Although RCMs are preferable due to physical consistency, statistical models are still providing similar or even better skill and should still be applied. © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society.	Downscaling; General circulation model; Model output statistics; Regional climate model; South Africa	Downscaling; General circulation model; Model output statistics; Regional climate model; South Africa; Atmospheric temperature; Atmospherics; Climatology; Forecasting; Rain; Submarine geophysics; Simulators; climate modeling; climate prediction; downscaling; empirical analysis; forecasting method; general circulation model; rainfall; regional climate; sea surface temperature; seasonal variation; temperature anomaly; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349873676	Climate change impact on SWAT simulated streamflow in western Kenya	Githui F., Gitau W., Mutua F., Bauwens W.	2009	International Journal of Climatology	29	12	10.1002/joc.1828	Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Meteorology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Centre de Recherches de Climatologie, Université de Bourgogne, 6 Bd Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France	Githui, F., Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Gitau, W., Centre de Recherches de Climatologie, Université de Bourgogne, 6 Bd Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France; Mutua, F., Department of Meteorology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Bauwens, W., Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium	Weather and climate extremes such as droughts and floods have far reaching impacts in Kenya. They have had implications in a variety of sectors including agriculture, water resources, health, energy, and disaster management among others. Lake Victoria and its catchment support millions of people and any impact on its ability to support the livelihoods of the communities in this region is of major concern. Thus, the main objective of this study was to assess the potential future climatic changes on the Nzoia catchment in the Lake Victoria basin, and how they might affect streamflow. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool was used to investigate the impact of climatic change on streamflow of the study area. The model was set up using readily available spatial and temporal data, and calibrated against measured daily streamflow. Climate change scenarios were obtained from general circulation models. Results obtained showed increased amounts of annual rainfall for all the scenarios but with variations on a monthly basis. All - but one - global circulation models (GCMs) showed consistency in the monthly rainfall amounts. Rainfall was higher in the 2050s than in the 2020s. According to climate change scenarios, temperature will increase in this region, with the 2050s experiencing much higher increases than the 2020s with a monthly temperature change range of 0-1.7 °C. The range of change in mean annual rainfall of 2.4-23.2% corresponded to a change in streamflow of about 6-115%. The analysis revealed important rainfall-runoff linear relationships for certain months that could be extrapolated to estimate amounts of streamflow under various scenarios of change in rainfall. Streamflow response was not sensitive to changes in temperature. If all other variables, e.g. land cover, population growth etc., were held constant, a significant increase in streamflow may be expected in the coming decades as a consequence of increased rainfall amounts. © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society.	Climate change; General circulation models; Hydrology; Modelling; Runoff; Streamflow	Annual rainfall; Climate change impact; Climate change scenarios; Climatic changes; Disaster management; General circulation model; General circulation models; Global circulation model; Lake Victoria; Land cover; Linear relationships; Modelling; Population growth; Rainfall runoff; Soil and Water assessment tools; Study areas; Temperature changes; Temporal Data; Catchments; Disaster prevention; Drought; Rain; Runoff; Stream flow; Thermal effects; Water; Water resources; Climate change; climate change; climate effect; computer simulation; general circulation model; hydrological modeling; rainfall-runoff modeling; streamflow; temperature anomaly; Africa; East Africa; East African Lakes; Kenya; Lake Victoria; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77950227267	Synoptic-based evaluation of climatic response to vegetation change over Southern Africa	MacKellar N., Tadross M., Hewitson B.	2010	International Journal of Climatology	30	5	10.1002/joc.1925	Climate Systems Analysis Group, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Danish Climate Centre, Danish Meteorological Institute, Lyngbyvej 100, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark	MacKellar, N., Climate Systems Analysis Group, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa, Danish Climate Centre, Danish Meteorological Institute, Lyngbyvej 100, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Tadross, M., Climate Systems Analysis Group, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Hewitson, B., Climate Systems Analysis Group, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	The results of regional climate model (RCM) simulations of the effects of vegetation change in southern Africa are analysed to asses the role of synoptic forcing in land-atmosphere interactions. A self-organizing map (SOM) is used to identify the dominant large-scale features in the atmospheric boundary conditions used to force the RCM. The fields used to characterize the large-scale circulation are geopotential height at 850 and 500 hPa and total precipitable water between these two levels. For each of the patterns (nodes) identified in these variables by the SOM, the mean RCM-simulated response to vegetation change is evaluated. Notable differences are seen in the response of precipitation, near-surface temperature and geopotential heights to the land surface change between different nodes. Conditions characterized by strong sub-tropical anticyclones and low atmospheric moisture show the greatest temperature and geopotential height changes and are most sensitive to changes in radiative fluxes, whereas precipitation and surface hydrological processes are more sensitive under conditions of weak subsidence and high levels of atmospheric moisture. © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society.	Land-atmosphere interaction; Self-organizing maps; Southern Africa	Atmospheric boundary conditions; Atmospheric moisture; Climatic response; Geopotential height; Hydrological process; Land surface change; Large-scale circulation; Near surface temperature; Radiative fluxes; Regional climate models; Simulated response; Synoptic forcing; Total precipitable water; Vegetation change; Atmospheric pressure; Climate models; Conformal mapping; Moisture; Self organizing maps; Strength of materials; Vegetation; Climate change; air-soil interaction; anticyclone; atmospheric moisture; boundary condition; climate modeling; computer simulation; geopotential; map; regional climate; synoptic meteorology; vegetation dynamics; Southern Africa; Equus asinus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952286566	Relative impacts of ENSO and Indian Ocean dipole/zonal mode on east SADC rainfall	Manatsa D., Matarira C.H., Mukwada G.	2011	International Journal of Climatology	31	4	10.1002/joc.2086	Geography Department, Bindura University of Science, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Oceanography Department, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Geography Department, National University of Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho; Postgraduate Research Division, University of the Western Cape, South Africa	Manatsa, D., Geography Department, Bindura University of Science, Bindura, Zimbabwe, Oceanography Department, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Matarira, C.H., Geography Department, National University of Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho; Mukwada, G., Postgraduate Research Division, University of the Western Cape, South Africa	The current paper is an observational study that investigates the October to December (OND) rainfall variability over the east Southern African Development Community (SADC) mainland region in relation to El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean dipole zonal mode (IODZM) for the period 1950-1999. An empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of OND rainfall field revealed that the north-south aligned areas of the eastern SADC are located in different covariability regions. This meridionally aligned dipole rainfall anomaly configuration is captured only in the dominant principal component (PC1), making it possible for the opposing rainfall anomalies of the two regions to have a common trigger. However, ENSO which is the standard attribute for regional rainfall variability failed dismally to adequately explain this dipole rainfall anomaly pattern. Instead, there appears to be consistent evidence through statistical techniques which strongly indicates the likelihood of the participation of only the positive IODZM phase events in the creation of the positive dipole rainfall phase (i.e. simultaneous floods over the northeast and droughts over the southeast of the SADC region). Since the negative IODZM phase events can hardly be linked to the reverse rainfall pattern, it implies that the positive and negative rainfall dipoles have fundamentally different causes. Thus, contrary to convectional knowledge, the ENSO association to this dipole rainfall anomaly pattern is by no means robust and could be symptomatic of the well-known ENSO-IODZM connection. Interestingly, however, when analysed over the 31-year overlapping segments, IODZM's once significant independent influence on this dipole rainfall seems to be diminishing gradually as from the early 1990s, whereas that of ENSO is correspondingly being reinforced. © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society.	Dipole rainfall anomaly pattern; Droughts; ENSO; IODZM; SADC; Wet seasons	ENSO; IODZM; Rainfall anomaly; SADC; Wet season; Atmospheric pressure; Drought; Financial data processing; Fourier analysis; Nickel compounds; Orthogonal functions; Principal component analysis; Rain; air-sea interaction; drought; El Nino-Southern Oscillation; empirical analysis; rainfall; sea surface temperature; wet season; Indian Ocean	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921029684	Statistical evaluation of CMIP5 climate change model simulations for the Ethiopian highlands	Jury M.R.	2015	International Journal of Climatology	35	1	10.1002/joc.3960	University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa; Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico	Jury, M.R., University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa, Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico	This study compares Climate Research Unit version 3 reference observations in the period 1980-2009 with Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Five (CMIP5)-simulated climate patterns and trends over the Ethiopian highlands (7-14N, 36-40E) using the rcp6 scenario. Three metrics are used in a stepwise statistical evaluation: (1) mean annual cycle of area-averaged rainfall (R) and maximum temperature (Tx), (2) spatial pattern of R and Tx over Ethiopia and (3) interannual (1.5-6 years) R and Tx variability. Those models passing the first step by simulating a unimodal annual cycle reaching 28 °C in March-May and 9 mm day-1 in July-August are then evaluated for their ability to represent the cool, wet 'island' pattern over the highest elevation. Finally, the models' ability to follow observed area-averaged R and Tx anomalies from 1980 to 2009 is analysed by correlation. The stepwise metrics are designed to improve confidence in the use of CMIP5 models for future resource management and development planning across the Ethiopian highlands. The models with optimal performance in the most categories include the HAD, CCSM and GFDL. © 2014 Royal Meteorological Society.	CMIP5 simulations; Comparison metrics; Ethiopian highlands; Statistical evaluation	Climate change; Rain; Climate change modeling; CMIP5 simulations; Comparison metrics; Coupled Model Intercomparison Project; Development planning; Ethiopian highlands; Resource management; Statistical evaluation; Climate models	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67049096368	Mechanistic evaluation of alginate-HEC gelisphere compacts for controlled intrastriatal nicotine release in Parkinson's disease	Choonara Y.E., Pillay V., Khan R.A., Singh N., Du Toit L.C.	2009	Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	98	6	10.1002/jps.21590	Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Industrial Chemistry, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India	Choonara, Y.E., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Pillay, V., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Khan, R.A., Department of Industrial Chemistry, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India; Singh, N., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Du Toit, L.C., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa	This study focused on elucidating a mechanistic understanding in support of the multiple mechanisms which govern the formation of crosslinked alginate-hydroxyethylcellulose (Alg-HEC) gelispheres intended for the controlled intrastriatal release of nicotine as a neuroprotectant in Parkinson's Disease. HEC was incorporated as a reinforcing "protective" colloidal polymer to induce interactions between the free carboxyl groups of alginate with hydroxylated HEC monomers. Gelispheres were compressed within an external poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) matrix to further prolong the release of nicotine. Sol-gel interconversion mechanisms, matrix deformability moduli, matrix fracture energies and chemometric models of the associated energy paradigms were analyzed for their influence on the mechanism and extent of nicotine release. Textural profiling demonstrated higher fracture energies (7.94-26.69×10-4 J) and lower deformability moduli (12.24-58.36 N/mm) when gelispheres were cured in 2 MHCl as a postcuring step. Ba 2+ crosslinked gelispheres resulted in superiorly compact matrices with an increase in volume of 201-329% as compared to the Ca2+ and Zn2+ crosslinked matrices. The order of matrix compactness was as follows: Zn2+&lt;Ca2+&lt;Ba2+. Molecular mechanisms of formation, interaction, conversion, and stability of sol-gel transitions depended on the type of crosslinker, crosslinking time, energy transactions, and interactions with molecules of the hydration medium. Ba 2+ crosslinked gelispheres released nicotine slower than Ca 2+ and Zn2+ crosslinked gelispheres due to the higher energy requirement for interconversion to sol while the energy requirements for Ca2+ and Zn2+ was at a lower demand. Ba2+ crosslinked gelispheres within PLGA matrices therefore retarded nicotine release in a pseudo-zero-order manner over 21 days. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association.	Bioavailability; Biomaterials; Blood-brain barrier; Controlled release; Crosslinking; Gelispheres; Parkinson's disease; Polymers; Sol-gel interconversion; Targeted drug delivery; Textural profiling	alginic acid; barium; calcium; hydroxyethylcellulose; monomer; nicotine; polyglactin; transferase; zinc; article; chemometric analysis; controlled drug release; controlled study; cross linking; drug release; energy; gel; hydration; neuroprotection; Parkinson disease; solid; surface property; Alginates; Cellulose; Cross-Linking Reagents; Drug Delivery Systems; Elasticity; Gels; Glucuronic Acid; Hexuronic Acids; Humans; Neuroprotective Agents; Nicotine; Parkinson Disease; Phase Transition; Surface Properties; Time Factors; Water	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951889468	In vivo evaluation of the release of zidovudine and polystyrene sulfonate from a dual intravaginal bioadhesive polymeric device in the pig model	Ndesendo V.M.K., Pillay V., Choonara Y.E., Du Toit L.C., Meyer L.C.R., Buchmann E., Kumar P., Khan R.A.	2011	Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	100	4	10.1002/jps.22365	Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Central Animal Services, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Bertsham 2013, Johannesburg, South Africa; Manav Rachna International University, Aravali Hills, Faridabad, India	Ndesendo, V.M.K., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Pillay, V., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Choonara, Y.E., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Du Toit, L.C., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Meyer, L.C.R., Central Animal Services, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Buchmann, E., Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Bertsham 2013, Johannesburg, South Africa; Kumar, P., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Khan, R.A., Manav Rachna International University, Aravali Hills, Faridabad, India	This study focused on determining the concentration of zidovudine (AZT) and polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) in the plasma and vaginal tissue of the large white pig from an intravaginal bioadhesive polymeric device (IBPD). Biocompatible polymers were compressed with AZT and PSS into caplet-shaped devices for insertion into the posterior fornix of the pig vagina. A total of 25 pigs were used in this study. Plasma was sampled from the jugular vein at various time points after insertion of the IBPD reaching 28 days. At day 28, the pigs were euthanized and vaginal tissue was removed and digested with subtilisin for AZT and PSS extraction. The mean concentration detected in vaginal tissue at day 28 was 1.214 ± 0.062 mg/mL for AZT and 1.400 ± 0.071 mg/mL for PSS. Plasma concentration was significantly lower for AZT (0.332 ± 0.014 mg/mL) and PSS (0.256 ± 0.013 mg/mL). This indicated higher retention of AZT and PSS within the vaginal tissue. Molecular mechanics simulations blueprinted polymer-drug-mucin force-field interactions and energies that explicated the spatial preference of AZT and PSS for the vaginal tissue. Histopathotoxicity studies revealed negative-to-mild foreign body events and results strongly suggest that the IBPD may be suitable for prolonged intravaginal drug delivery in preventing the transmission of sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association.	Formulation; HIV/AIDS; Intravaginal drug delivery; Molecular dynamics; Permeability; large white pig model; Pharmacokinetics; Polymeric drug delivery systems; STIs; Zidovudine; polystyrene sulfonate	mucin; polymer; polystyrenesulfonic acid; subtilisin; zidovudine; anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; biomaterial; chelating agent; polystyrene derivative; polystyrenesulfonic acid; zidovudine; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; biocompatibility; brain fornix; controlled study; device; drug blood level; drug delivery system; drug isolation; drug release; drug tissue level; energy; epithelium hyperplasia; female; foreign body; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; in vivo study; intravaginal bioadhesive polymeric device; jugular vein; molecular mechanics; nonhuman; sexually transmitted disease; simulation; vagina; adhesion; animal; blood; chemistry; devices; drug delivery system; intravaginal drug administration; metabolism; swine; Adhesiveness; Administration, Intravaginal; Animals; Anti-HIV Agents; Biocompatible Materials; Chelating Agents; Drug Delivery Systems; Female; Polymers; Polystyrenes; Swine; Vagina; Zidovudine	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952233508	In vivo evaluation of a biodegradable donut-shaped minitablet for prolonged posterior segment drug delivery in the rabbit eye model	Choonara Y.E., Pillay V., Carmichael T.R., Meyer L.C., Du Toit L.C., Naylor S., Wanblad C.	2011	Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	100	5	10.1002/jps.22421	University of the Witwatersrand, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; University of the Witwatersrand, Division of Neurosciences, Department of Ophthalmology, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; University of the Witwatersrand, Department of Physiology, Brian Function Research Group and Central Animal Services, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; University of the Witwatersrand, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa	Choonara, Y.E., University of the Witwatersrand, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; Pillay, V., University of the Witwatersrand, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; Carmichael, T.R., University of the Witwatersrand, Division of Neurosciences, Department of Ophthalmology, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; Meyer, L.C., University of the Witwatersrand, Department of Physiology, Brian Function Research Group and Central Animal Services, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; Du Toit, L.C., University of the Witwatersrand, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; Naylor, S., University of the Witwatersrand, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; Wanblad, C., University of the Witwatersrand, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa	This study focused on the in vivo evaluation of a biodegradable ganciclovir-loaded donut-shaped minitablet (DSMT) for controlled drug delivery in the New Zealand white albino rabbit eye model. Specialized tablet tooling was used to manufacture a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) DSMT device that was implanted into 18 rabbits through the pars plana/peripheral retina of the right eyes of each rabbit. The left eyes were used as controls. Possible adverse effects on ocular tissues were assessed by histomorphology, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements, and indirect ophthalmoscopy. The ex vivo microenvironmental vitreous pH was also monitored. Rabbits were euthanized at predetermined intervals and the residual devices, vitreous humor, and ocular tissue were retrieved and stored appropriately until further analysis. The DSMT was well tolerated up to 72 days and was still visible in the superotemporal quadrant of the eye. The mean IOP range (6-8 mmHg; N = 18) and changes in vitreous pH (7.25 ± 0.01; N = 3) correlated with baseline measurements. The DSMT displayed constant ganciclovir release at a rate of 2.02 μg/h maintained within the 50% effective dose for human cytomegalovirus retinitis (N = 3). The design simplicity and application of the biodegradable DSMT device may provide a superior alternative for prolonged rate-controlled intraocular drug delivery. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association.	Biodegradable; Ganciclovir; Intraocular drug delivery; Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid); Polymeric device; Posterior segment eye disease; Rabbit eye model	ganciclovir; polyglactin; resomer; adverse outcome; animal experiment; animal tissue; area under the curve; article; biodegradation; ciliary disk; controlled study; donut shaped minitablet; drug bioavailability; drug blood level; drug delivery system; drug elimination; drug isolation; drug release; ex vivo study; histology; in vivo study; intraocular pressure; male; nonhuman; ophthalmoscopy; pH; rabbit; retina; slit lamp; toxicity testing; vitreous body; Absorbable Implants; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Delivery Systems; Equipment Design; Ganciclovir; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Acid; Male; Polyglycolic Acid; Posterior Eye Segment; Rabbits	None
None	None	Impact of the pharmaceutical sciences on health care: A reflection over the past 50 years	Rowland M., Noe C.R., Smith D.A., Tucker G.T., Crommelin D.J.A., Peck C.C., Rocci Jr. M.L., Besançon L., Shah V.P.	2012	Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	101	11	10.1002/jps.23295	School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco CA 94143, United States; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria; Department of Chemistry, University of Capetown, Capetown, South Africa; Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Clinical Pharmacology, University of Sheffield, The Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF, United Kingdom; Simcyp Ltd, Blades Enterprise Centre, John St, Sheffield S24SU, United Kingdom; UIPS, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; ICON Development Solutions, Ellicott City, MD 21043, United States; International Pharmaceutical Federation, Andries Bickerweg 52517 JP, The Hauge, Netherlands	Rowland, M., School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco CA 94143, United States; Noe, C.R., Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria; Smith, D.A., Department of Chemistry, University of Capetown, Capetown, South Africa, Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Tucker, G.T., Clinical Pharmacology, University of Sheffield, The Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF, United Kingdom, Simcyp Ltd, Blades Enterprise Centre, John St, Sheffield S24SU, United Kingdom; Crommelin, D.J.A., UIPS, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Peck, C.C., Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco CA 94143, United States; Rocci Jr., M.L., ICON Development Solutions, Ellicott City, MD 21043, United States; Besançon, L., International Pharmaceutical Federation, Andries Bickerweg 52517 JP, The Hauge, Netherlands; Shah, V.P., International Pharmaceutical Federation, Andries Bickerweg 52517 JP, The Hauge, Netherlands	During the last century, particularly the latter half, spectacular progress has been made in improving the health and longevity of people. The reasons are many, but the development of medicines has played a critical role. This report documents and reflects on the impressive contribution that those working in the pharmaceutical sciences have made to healthcare over the past 50 years. It is divided into six sections (drug discovery; absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion; pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics; drug formulation; drug regulation; and drug utilization), each describing key contributions that have been made in the progression of medicines, from conception to use. A common thread throughout is the application of translational science to the improvement of drug discovery, development, and therapeutic application. Each section has been coordinated by a leading scientist who was asked, after consulting widely with many colleagues across the globe, to identify "The five most influential ideas/concepts/developments introduced by 'pharmaceutical scientists' (in their field) over the past 50 years?" Although one cannot predict where the important breakthroughs will come in the future to meet the unmet medical needs, the evidence presented in this report should leave no doubt that those engaged in the pharmaceutical sciences will continue to make their contributions heavily felt. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	ADME; Drug design; Drug formulation; Drug regulatory; Drug utilization; Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics	drug metabolizing enzyme; generic drug; article; biochemistry; bioequivalence; biotechnology; drug absorption; drug bioavailability; drug design; drug development; drug disposition; drug distribution; drug excretion; drug formulation; drug metabolism; drug release; drug safety; drug utilization; health care; molecular biology; patient compliance; personalized medicine; pharmaceutics; pharmacodynamics; pharmacogenomics; pharmacokinetics; signal transduction; simulation; structure activity relation; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Drug Discovery; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Pharmacokinetics; Pharmacology	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881028983	Design of an anti-inflammatory composite nanosystem and evaluation of its potential for ocular drug delivery	Du Toit L.C., Govender T., Carmichael T., Kumar P., Choonara Y.E., Pillay V.	2013	Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	102	8	10.1002/jps.23650	Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Berea, Durban 4041, South Africa; Ophthalmology Division, Department of Neurosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa	Du Toit, L.C., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Govender, T., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Berea, Durban 4041, South Africa; Carmichael, T., Ophthalmology Division, Department of Neurosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Kumar, P., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Choonara, Y.E., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Pillay, V., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa	This study compared two specific embodiments of an ocular nanosystem (NS): one portraying a purely polymeric system, referred to as the chitosan-poly(ε-caprolactone) nanosystem, and the other based on a composite lipoidal-polymeric NS architecture utilizing phospholipids-the lipoidal-chitosan-poly(ε-caprolactone) nanosystem. Investigations undertaken were implicit to warrant inclusion in an implantable system for the intelligent treatment of inflammatory disorders (specifically ocular afflictions). Results obtained highlighted the enhanced efficacy of both NS to an indomethacin suspension in terms of tissue permeation, cell uptake, and anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, the size (134.3 vs. 140.7 nm); surface charge (+49.4 vs. +55.7 mV); drug incorporation efficiency (75.00% vs. 67.20%); flux across the retinal pigment epithelium-choroid-sclera (0.002951 vs. 0.001255 mg cm -2 h-1); anti-inflammatory efficacy, demonstrated by a decrease in 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole complex formation (0.0031 vs. 0.0023 mmol L-1) and decrease in NFκB formation (decrease in relative optical density of 0.2027 vs. 0.2420); and enhanced inflammatory cell uptake, visualized via high-speed fluorescence and confocal microscopy, all highlighted the enhanced potential of the lipoidal system compared with the purely polymeric NS for potentially targeting inflammatory disorders of the posterior segment of the eye. Mechanics energy relationships revealed the favorable hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of the composite NS compared with the purely polymeric NS. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association.	Cell uptake; Computational modeling; Confocal microscopy; ELISA; Lipids; Liposomes; permeation; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Ophthalmic drug delivery	4 chloro 7 nitrobenzofurazan; chitosan; ganciclovir; I kappa B; indometacin; liposome; nanoparticle; nifuroxime; phospholipid; polycaprolactone; polymer; antiinflammatory activity; article; choroid; confocal microscopy; drug delivery system; drug efficacy; drug uptake; energy; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; fluorescence; human; human cell; hydrophilicity; inflammation; lipophilicity; nanotechnology; optical density; permeability; pigment epithelium; sclera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896391005	In vivo and ex vivo evaluation of a multi-particulate composite construct for sustained transbuccal delivery of carbamazepine	Adeleke O.A., Choonara Y.E., Du Toit L.C., Pillay V.	2014	Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	103	4	10.1002/jps.23884	University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa	Adeleke, O.A., University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Choonara, Y.E., University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Du Toit, L.C., University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Pillay, V., University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa	Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a leading molecule in the management of epilepsy. Surveys have revealed that a sufficient lack of therapeutically efficient CBZ transbuccal formulation exists. Therefore, this investigation was directed toward designing multiparticulate composite construct (MCC) for the transbuccal delivery of CBZ. The MCC was formulated using interphase, coparticulate- cosolvent homogenization technique, and lyophilization. In vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo investigations were performed. The mesoporous (pore width = 80.1233 Å) MCC was mechanically stable (Cyrillic capital letter Ukrainian ie D = 0.0290 J, MF = 8.5490 N/mm) and resilient (M R = 5.5040%). It demonstrated distinctive controlled release (9.9800%/h), permeation enhancing (10.8730%/h), drug loading (90.0541%), and bioadhesive (ωadh = 0.0034 J, Fdet = 1.0751 N) capacities. In vivo studies on pigs showed the ability of the MCC to effectively initiate and regulate transbuccal permeation of CBZ as visualized by outcomes of the quantitative and qualitative assessments of isolated plasma samples. Furthermore, comparisons of in vitro and in vivo data of MCC with a conventional product highlighted its capability to attain higher bioavailability and more controlled release trends. Histological and cytological investigations confirmed that the MCC is biocompatible. The mathematical model produced relevant pharmacokinetics and in vitro/in vivo correlation information. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association.	carbamazepine; controlled release; in vitro/in vivo correlation; mathematical model; permeation enhancer; polymeric drug delivery system; porous-structured; preclinical; preformulation; transbuccal	carbamazepine; placebo; adhesion; animal experiment; article; biocompatibility; cheek mucosa; composite material; controlled release formulation; controlled study; cytology; cytotoxicity assay; drug bioavailability; drug blood level; drug penetration; drug screening; drug solubility; drug stability; ex vivo study; experimental pig; female; freeze drying; histology; in vivo study; morphometrics; multiparticulate composite construct; nonhuman; particle size; physical parameters; qualitative analysis; surface property; sustained release preparation; weight; Administration, Buccal; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Biological Availability; Carbamazepine; Delayed-Action Preparations; Models, Biological; Mouth Mucosa; Porosity; Swine	National Research Foundation
None	None	Board Composition and Outreach Performance of Microfinance Institutions: Evidence from East Africa	Mori N., Golesorkhi S., Randøy T., Hermes N.	2015	Strategic Change	24	1	10.1002/jsc.2000	University of Dar es Salaam Business School, Tanzania; Norwegian Center for Microfinance Research, University of Agder, Norway; Faculty of Business and Law, Manchester Metropolitan University, United Kingdom; Kristiansand School of Business, University of Agder, Norway; Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Netherlands	Mori, N., University of Dar es Salaam Business School, Tanzania, Norwegian Center for Microfinance Research, University of Agder, Norway; Golesorkhi, S., Faculty of Business and Law, Manchester Metropolitan University, United Kingdom; Randøy, T., Kristiansand School of Business, University of Agder, Norway; Hermes, N., Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Netherlands	The attributes of microfinance's board members have an impact on attainment of their social objectives. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-13444305415	Studies on bambara groundnut flour performance in Okpa preparation	Barimalaa I.S., Agoha G., Oboh C.A., Kiin-Kabari D.B.	2005	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	85	3	10.1002/jsfa.1996	Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Rivers State Univ. Sci. and Technol., PMB 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Barimalaa, I.S., Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Rivers State Univ. Sci. and Technol., PMB 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Agoha, G., Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Rivers State Univ. Sci. and Technol., PMB 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Oboh, C.A., Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Rivers State Univ. Sci. and Technol., PMB 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Kiin-Kabari, D.B., Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Rivers State Univ. Sci. and Technol., PMB 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Bambara groundnut flours of different particle sizes were prepared after bean seeds had been cold-soaked and/or germinated, dried, milled and sieved. The flours were used to prepare okpa (local dish prepared by steaming mashed bambara groundnut) and their sensory properties determined. Viscosity of the flour pastes, before steaming, were also determined. Results showed that bambara groundnut flours from both germinated and cold-soaked beans could be used in preparing good quality okpa and, therefore, remove all the problems involved in preparing the raw beans for okpa-making as is done traditionally. Particle size appeared to play a major role in obtaining good okpa; therefore flours intended for okpa preparation should be such that 66, 86 and 96%, respectively, of cold-soaked bean flour or 58, 78 and 91%, respectively, of germinated bean flour, after 1, 3 and 5 milling passes, should be in the particle range 1.5-4.5 × 10-4 m. Slightly higher amounts of the coarse (6.0 × 10~4m) particles are needed in the germinated bean flours to compensate for the breakdown of starch and proteins, the gelling agents in bambara groundnut. © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry.	Bambara groundnut flour; Okpa preparation; Particle size	Arachis hypogaea; Phaseolus (angiosperm)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646560011	Evaluation and standardisation of small-scale canning methods for small white beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) canned in tomato sauce	Van Der Merwe D., Osthoff G., Pretorius A.J.	2006	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	86	7	10.1002/jsfa.2476	ARC-Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag X1251, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Consumer Science, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X 6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	Van Der Merwe, D., ARC-Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag X1251, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa, Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Consumer Science, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X 6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Osthoff, G., Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Pretorius, A.J., ARC-Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag X1251, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	Canning and evaluation procedures should be standardised to ensure that beans selected, based on canning quality, meet the requirements set by the market and processors. For the purpose of evaluating the canning qualities of small white beans in tomato sauce, three small-scale canning techniques were evaluated, one of which was found to deliver a product with quality parameters similar to those of international standards. Using South African small white bean cultivars and the selected method, Teebus, the cultivar used by industry as the standard to indicate acceptable canning quality, displayed better visual appearance and less split beans than with the other two methods. The percentage washed drained weight and texture values of Teebus were also in agreement with international standards. The evaluation procedure for the small white beans after canning was also optimised, by comparing two procedures, which identified texture, visual appearance (scale 1 to 10), splits (scale 1 to 10), hydration coefficient, clumping, size and colour as the statistically most suitable quality parameters. With the aid of the developed method, it was possible to define standard values for South African 'choice' and 'standard' grade beans, which previously was based only on 'visual inspection' by a trained inspection panel. © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry.	Canning procedures; Canning quality; Dry beans; Evaluation procedures; Small white beans; Small-scale canning methods	Lycopersicon esculentum; Phaseolus (angiosperm); Phaseolus vulgaris	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846429581	The evaluation of oil and fatty acid composition in seed of cotton accessions from various countries	Lukonge E., Labuschagne M.T., Hugo A.	2007	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	87	2	10.1002/jsfa.2731	Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Lukonge, E., Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Labuschagne, M.T., Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Hugo, A., Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Cottonseed oil has a 2:1 ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid. Linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid, but in large amounts it contributes to a short shelf-life due to rancidity. The aim of this study was to screen germplasm from various countries for oil and fatty acid content, to identify parents that can be used in hybridisation to increase stearic and oleic acids and reduce palmitic fatty acids. Oil content varied from 13.6% to 24.7%. Linoleic acid ranged from 51.5% to 63%, palmitic from 19.2% to 25.6%, oleic from 14.2% to 18.5% and stearic from 2.1% to 2.8%. Stearic and palmitic acids were positively correlated, and stearic and linoleic acids were negatively correlated; therefore breeding for increased stearic acid and reduced palmitic acid as well as breeding for increased stearic and linoleic acids at the same time might be difficult through conventional breeding. CIM70 and Cyto 12/74 had high values for stearic and oleic acids and Stoneville had high values of stearic and oleic acids and low palmitic acid. These can be used as parents to improve these two fractions. © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry.	Cotton; Fatty acids; Genetic distance; Oil	Gossypium hirsutum; Micropus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34249788992	Study of sensory evaluation, consumer acceptability, affordability and market price of rice	Tomlins K., Manful J., Gayin J., Kudjawu B., Tamakloe I.	2007	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	87	8	10.1002/jsfa.2889	Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich at Medway, Chatham Maritime, Central Avenue, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; Food Research Institute, PO Box M20, Accra, Ghana	Tomlins, K., Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich at Medway, Chatham Maritime, Central Avenue, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; Manful, J., Food Research Institute, PO Box M20, Accra, Ghana; Gayin, J., Food Research Institute, PO Box M20, Accra, Ghana; Kudjawu, B., Food Research Institute, PO Box M20, Accra, Ghana; Tamakloe, I., Food Research Institute, PO Box M20, Accra, Ghana	The purpose of the study was to evaluate consumer acceptance, affordability and market value of a prototype parboiled rice (PPR) in relation to three local samples and a high-value imported one. While descriptive sensory evaluation and central location testing are used to evaluate consumer acceptability, this study suggests that affordability and market price of rice can also be assessed. The PPR was acceptable and the suggested market price was influenced by both affordability and acceptability. Acceptance scores suggested a potential higher price; consumers discounted the prototype rice and the extent depended on affordability. The concept of consumer acceptability and affordability varied widely among consumers and this was related to the market price, demographics and attitudes towards rice. Sensory attributes associated with quality were positively related with price but negatively with affordability. Acceptability was related to rice consumption and purchasing behaviour, whereas affordability was associated with income, gender and quality perception. Low affordability groups knew the least about the benefits of rice. The implications are discussed. © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry.	Consumer acceptability; Ghana; Market price; Oryza sativa; Parboiled; Rice; Sensory evaluation; West Africa	Oryza sativa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34250872220	The impact of cold temperatures during grain maturation on selected quality parameters of wheat	Craven M., Barnard A., Labuschagne M.T.	2007	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	87	9	10.1002/jsfa.2927	Agricultural Research Council - Small Grain Institute, Private Bag X21, Bethlehem 9700, South Africa; Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Agricultural Research Council - Grain Crops Institute (ARC-GCI), Private Bag X1251, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa	Craven, M., Agricultural Research Council - Small Grain Institute, Private Bag X21, Bethlehem 9700, South Africa, Agricultural Research Council - Grain Crops Institute (ARC-GCI), Private Bag X1251, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa; Barnard, A., Agricultural Research Council - Small Grain Institute, Private Bag X21, Bethlehem 9700, South Africa; Labuschagne, M.T., Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	The influence of sudden cold spells during grain filling of wheat on the quality traits of three South African hard red wheat cultivars (Gariep, Elands and Tugela-DN) was studied, with the emphasis on Hagberg falling number (HFN). Four treatments were used (-1°C at soft dough stage, -1°C at late milk stage, -4°C at soft dough stage and -4°C at late milk stage) and were administered for one night only. From the results it was concluded that, although limited in duration, such frost conditions did have an effect on the quality of the wheat cultivars. Cultivars differed in their response to the various treatments but also as to what quality traits were affected the most. The -4°C at late milk stage resulted in significantly reduced HFN being measured for both Elands and Tugela-DN. A similar effect was observed for Gariep, but was not statistically significant. Although the response was limited to the main tillers only, the conclusion was made that it is probable that the reduced HFN would be visible in the pooled sample of head and side tillers. A screening protocol was suggested that would allow classification of cultivars for frost tolerance. © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry.	Frost; Hagberg falling number; Quality parameters; Wheat	Tragelaphus oryx; Triticum aestivum	None
None	None	Sensory evaluation and consumer acceptability of pale-fleshed and orange-fleshed sweetpotato by school children and mothers with preschool children	Tomlins K., Ndunguru G., Stambul K., Joshua N., Ngendello T., Rwiza E., Amour R., Ramadhani B., Kapande A., Westby A.	2007	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	87	13	10.1002/jsfa.2931	Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, 22 Ocean Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Lake Zone Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Ukiriguru, PO Box 1433, Mwanza, Tanzania; Tanzania Home Economics Association, PO Box 11242, Mwanza, Tanzania; Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom	Tomlins, K., Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom, Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; Ndunguru, G., Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, 22 Ocean Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Stambul, K., Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, 22 Ocean Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Joshua, N., Lake Zone Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Ukiriguru, PO Box 1433, Mwanza, Tanzania; Ngendello, T., Lake Zone Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Ukiriguru, PO Box 1433, Mwanza, Tanzania; Rwiza, E., Lake Zone Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Ukiriguru, PO Box 1433, Mwanza, Tanzania; Amour, R., Lake Zone Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Ukiriguru, PO Box 1433, Mwanza, Tanzania; Ramadhani, B., Tanzania Home Economics Association, PO Box 11242, Mwanza, Tanzania; Kapande, A., Tanzania Home Economics Association, PO Box 11242, Mwanza, Tanzania; Westby, A., Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom	The purpose of this study was to evaluate the flavour profile and consumer acceptability of four sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) cultivars that differed in β-carotene content. Descriptive sensory profiles of the sweetpotato cultivars were determined using a sensory panel. Consumers in the Lake Zone of Tanzania comprised school children (n = 94) and mothers with preschool children (n = 59). Additionally, mothers gave acceptability scores for how they perceived their children's acceptance. Traditional pale-fleshed (PFSP) and high-β-carotene orange-fleshed (OFSP) sweetpotato cultivars showed distinct differences in sensory profile. Mean consumer responses indicated that OFSP were more acceptable than PFSP; mothers differed from school children by giving higher acceptance scores. Mothers did not score the perceived acceptability for their preschool children different from themselves. Segmentation appeared to suggest three distinct patterns of consumer acceptability among school children and mothers. The majority gave high acceptability scores to both OFSP and PFSP. Those in the smaller second group gave higher scores to OFSP than to PFSP, while those (particularly school children) in the third segment gave lower scores to the OFSP cultivar Karote DSM. There was evidence that school children and mothers viewed the sweetpotato cultivars differently with respect to fibrous texture. A preliminary storage trial where the sweetpotato cultivars were kept for 12 weeks in pit structures indicated that the acceptability and sensory profile of the cultivars did not differ with storage. © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry.	β-carotene; Consumer acceptability; Ipomea batatas; Sensory evaluation; Sweetpotato; Vitamin A	Ipomoea; Ipomoea batatas	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547133453	Consumer acceptability and sensory evaluation of a fermented cassava product (Nigerian fufu)	Tomlins K., Sanni L., Oyewole O., Dipeolu A., Ayinde I., Adebayo K., Westby A.	2007	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	87	10	10.1002/jsfa.2941	Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Tomlins, K., Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; Sanni, L., University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Oyewole, O., University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Dipeolu, A., University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Ayinde, I., University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Adebayo, K., University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Westby, A., Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom	The purpose of the study was to evaluate the sensory profile and acceptability of six types of fufu (a fermented cassava product) produced by different processes using sensory evaluation and consumer acceptability testing. Fufu samples were selected to evaluate the acceptability of dried fufu flours, which are increasingly being consumed, and compare with a traditional paste and a newly developed paste that produces less environmental waste. Descriptive sensory profiles of the selected samples demonstrated distinct differences in sensory profiles. They were evaluated for consumer acceptance at three demographic locations; Lagos (n = 91), Ibadan (n = 121) and Abeokuta (w = 99), Nigeria. Fufu made from a paste that produced less environmental waste had the highest acceptance scores, followed by flour and paste made by the traditional method and finally the remaining flours. Average consumer liking between the three locations did not differ. Three distinct consumer segments were identified and the number of consumers in these segments differed between the locations. Consumers differentiated fufu made from pastes and from flour. Internal preference mapping indicated that consumers associated the flours with sensory attributes such as sticky texture and raw cassava odour, while pastes were associated with soft texture, and shiny and creamy appearance. Fufu acceptance varies widely among consumers and is related to preferences for distinct fufu flavour profiles. Correlations between consumer acceptance scores and sensory scores appeared to be non-linear for many attributes but a larger sample size of fufu samples would be necessary to confirm this. The implications of these finding are discussed. © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry.	Acceptability; Cassava; Consumer preference; Flour; Fufu; Nigeria; Sensory evaluation; West Africa	Manihot esculenta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38849188684	Growth performance of rats fed raw and extruded African breadfruit-based complementary diets: A response surface analysis	Nwabueze T.U.	2008	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	88	3	10.1002/jsfa.3116	Department of Food Science and Technology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P. M. B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Nwabueze, T.U., Department of Food Science and Technology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P. M. B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	BACKGROUND: African breadfruit, from which diverse food forms are produced, is popular in most West African tropical regions. The present study is part of a larger research project aimed at developing appealing, processed, nutritious products from blends of breadfruit, corn and defatted soybean by utilising extrusion cooking using response surface analysis. The study describes the ability or otherwise of raw and extruded African breadfruit-based diets, similar to weaning diets simulated with rats, to support growth of children and infants. RESULTS: Maximum protein efficiency and net protein ratios of 2.22 and 3.69, respectively, were obtained with rats fed diets made from 40 g 100 g -1 African breadfruit + 5 g 100 g-1 corn + 55 g 100 g -1 soybean extradates at 18 mL 100 mL-1 feed moisture and 140 rpm screw speed. It compared favourably with a casein standard and was 54-69% and 42-55% higher than those fed raw diets. CONCLUSION: Extrusion cooking significantly improved the nutritional quality of African bread-fruit-corn- defatted soybean as reflected in their protein efficiency and net protein values. The superiority in protein quality of diet 1 (containing 40 g 100 g -1 breadfruit, 5 g 100 g-1 corn and 55 g 100 g -1 defatted soybean) over the other experimental diets has serious nutritional implication in dietary diversification to address protein-energy malnutrition prevalent in Nigeria and other West African countries especially where African breadfruit is known to be highly cultivated as a food resource. © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry.	African breadfruit; Central composite design; Complementary diets; Extrusion cooking; Net protein ratio; Nutritional study; Protein efficiency ratio; Response surface analysis; Single-screw extruder; Soybean; Treculia africana	Artocarpus altilis; Glycine max; Rattus; Treculia africana; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-43249129636	Growth performance, nutrient digestibility and immune response of broiler chicks fed diets supplemented with a culture of Lactobacillus bulgaricus	Apata D.F.	2008	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	88	7	10.1002/jsfa.3214	Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	Apata, D.F., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	BACKGROUND: Probiotics are being developed for use in animal feed to enhance production performance and prevention of gastrointestinal infections. The ban on using antibiotics as growth promoters, antibiotic resistance and the inherent problems of developing new vaccines make a compelling case for developing alternatives for in-feed antibiotics. The alternatives of choice have to be considered under the environmental conditions of the animal. Among the probiotics in use today, Lactobacillus has been shown to play a vital role in disease prevention, immune enhancement, improved growth and carcass yield in poultry. The present study investigates the effect of Lactobacillus bulgaricus (LB)-based probiotic on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and immune response of broilers under tropical environmental conditions. RESULTS: Broilers fed LB diets consumed more feed (P &lt; 0.05) and had greater body weight gain than the control group. Feed/gain ratio improved significantly (P &lt; 0.05) with the 20, 40 and 60 mg kg-1 LB diets compared with the control or 80 mg kg-1 LB diet. The apparent digestibilities of nitrogen and fat increased with LB supplementation. However, there was no significant difference (P &gt; 0.05) in fibre digestibility. White blood cell count increased significantly in broilers fed higher levels (&gt;40 mg kg -1) of LB compared with the control group. Antibody production measured as antibody titre against Newcastle disease vaccine showed a curvilinear response over the range of LB concentrations examined. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that LB addition to broiler chick diets significantly improved growth performance, increased nutrient digestibility and stimulated humoral immune response. © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry.	Broiler chick; Immune response; Lactobacillus bulgaricus; Nutrient digestibility; Performance	Animalia; Lactobacillus; Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-51349138067	Integrated community-based growth monitoring and vegetable gardens focusing on crops rich in β-carotene: Project evaluation in a rural community in the Eastern Cape, South Africa	Laurie S.M., Faber M.	2008	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	88	12	10.1002/jsfa.3319	Agricultural Research Council - Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute (ARC-VOPI), Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Nutritional Intervention Research Unit, Medical Research Council (MRC), P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa	Laurie, S.M., Agricultural Research Council - Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute (ARC-VOPI), Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Faber, M., Nutritional Intervention Research Unit, Medical Research Council (MRC), P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa	BACKGROUND: Cultivation in β-carotene vegetables was promoted in a crop-based intervention in Lusikisiki, Eastern Cape, South Africa. The project also included nutrition education and community-based growth monitoring, and focused on technology transfer and mobilisation of local organisations. Three years after initiation of the project, participating (n = 219) and non-participating (n = 223) households were compared in terms of child morbidity, nutritional knowledge, dietary intake and gardening practices. RESULTS: Compared to control households, more caregivers from project households thought that yellow fruit and vegetables were good for their children (73% vs. 45%; P < 0.001), were familiar with the term 'vitamin A' (89% vs. 63%; P < 0.001), knew that vitamin A is a nutrient in food (83% vs. 53%; P < 0.001), and could name three food sources rich in vitamin A (56% vs. 27%; P < 0.001). Fewer 1-5-year-old children in the project households reportedly experienced vomiting (6% vs. 13%; P = 0.012), fever (30% vs. 42%; P = 0.008), sores on the skin (6% vs. 19%; P < 0.001), continuous runny nose (20% vs. 33%; P = 0.002), diarrhoea (2% vs. 7%; P = 0.026) and poor appetite (7% vs. 14%; P = 0.016). Children from project households consumed carrot (P = 0.008), butternut (P = 0.002), spinach (P = 0.004) and orange-fleshed sweetpotato (P = 0.028) more frequently than children from control households. CONCLUSION: The agricultural intervention, combined with nutrition education and community-based growth monitoring, showed a favourable effect on child morbidity, nutritional knowledge and dietary intake of β-carotene-rich vegetables. Agricultural interventions can therefore contribute significantly towards nutritional outcomes. © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry.	Crop-based approach; Ipomoea batatas; Provitamin A-rich vegetables	Daucus carota; Ipomoea batatas; Juglans cinerea; Spinacia oleracea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-73449148719	Volatile compounds profile and sensory evaluation of Beninese condiments produced by inocula of Bacillus subtilis	Azokpota P., Hounhouigan J.D., Annan N.T., Odjo T., Nago M.C., Jakobsen M.	2010	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	90	3	10.1002/jsfa.3835	Département de Nutrition et Sciences Alimentaires, Faculté des Sciences, Agronomiques Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Food Research Institute, P.O. Box M-20, Accra, Ghana; Centre de Biométrie, de Statistique et d'Informatique Générale de la Faculte des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01BP526, Cotonou, Benin; Department of Food Science, Food Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, DR-1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark	Azokpota, P., Département de Nutrition et Sciences Alimentaires, Faculté des Sciences, Agronomiques Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin; Hounhouigan, J.D., Département de Nutrition et Sciences Alimentaires, Faculté des Sciences, Agronomiques Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin; Annan, N.T., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Food Research Institute, P.O. Box M-20, Accra, Ghana; Odjo, T., Centre de Biométrie, de Statistique et d'Informatique Générale de la Faculte des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01BP526, Cotonou, Benin; Nago, M.C., Département de Nutrition et Sciences Alimentaires, Faculté des Sciences, Agronomiques Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin; Jakobsen, M., Department of Food Science, Food Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, DR-1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark	BACKGROUND: Three Beninese food condiments (ABS124h, IBS248h and SBS348h) were produced by controlled fermentation of African locust beans using inocula of pure cultures of Bacillus subtilis,BS1,BS2andBS3,respectively.Quantitativeandqualitative assessments of the volatile compounds in the condiments produced have been performed using the Likens-Nickerson simultaneous distillation-extraction method and GC-MS analysis, followed by a sensory evaluation in comparison with the spontaneously fermented condiments. RESULTS:A total of 94 volatile compounds have been found including 53 compounds identified in relatively high concentrations and were subdivided into seven main groups with the predominance of four major groups: pyrazines, aldehydes, ketones and alcohols. Compared to the spontaneously fermented condiments, volatile compounds identified in controlled fermented condiments have been found in high number and in concentrations which varied according to the inoculum of B. subtilis used. The condiments produced with starter cultures scored significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher for odour than the spontaneously fermented condiments. But the overall acceptability (7/10) of the two types of condiments was similar. CONCLUSION: The investigated B.subtilis, BS1, BS2 and BS3 can be considered as potential starter cultures for the fermentation of African locust beans to produce good quality of Beninese food condiments. © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry.	Bacillus subtilis; Beninese condiments; Parkia biglobosa; Sensory evaluation; Starter cultures; Volatile compounds	plant extract; volatile organic compound; article; Bacillus subtilis; Benin; chemistry; condiment; distillation; fermentation; food control; legume; metabolism; microbiology; odor; plant seed; Bacillus subtilis; Benin; Condiments; Distillation; Fabaceae; Fermentation; Food Microbiology; Odors; Plant Extracts; Seeds; Volatile Organic Compounds; Bacillus subtilis; Parkia biglobosa; Parkia filicoidea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84889087057	Evaluation of the microbial community, acidity and proximate composition of akamu, a fermented maize food	Obinna-Echem P.C., Kuri V., Beal J.	2014	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	94	2	10.1002/jsfa.6264	School of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom; Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, PMB 5080, Nigeria	Obinna-Echem, P.C., School of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, PMB 5080, Nigeria; Kuri, V., School of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom; Beal, J., School of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom	BACKGROUND: Akamu is a lactic acid-fermented cereal-based food that constitutes a major infant complementary food in most West African countries. The identities of LAB populations from DGGE analysis and conventionally isolated LAB and yeasts from traditionally fermented akamu were confirmed by PCR sequencing analysis. The relationships between pH, acidity and lactic acid levels and proximate composition of the akamu samples were investigated. RESULTS: The LAB communities in the akamu samples comprised mainly Lactobacillus species, including Lb. fermentum, Lb. plantarum, Lb. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and Lb. helveticus, as well as Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris. Identified yeasts were Candida tropicalis, Candida albicans, Clavispora lusitaniae and Saccharomyces paradoxus. Low pH (3.22-3.95) was accompanied by high lactic acid concentrations (43.10-84.29 mmol kg-1). Protein (31.88-74.32 g kg-1) and lipid (17.74-36.83 g kg-1) contents were negatively correlated with carbohydrate content (897.48-926.20 g kg-1, of which ≤1 g kg-1 was sugars). Ash was either not detected or present only in trace amounts (≤4 g kg-1). Energy levels ranged from 17.29 to 18.37 kJ g-1. CONCLUSION: The akamu samples were predominantly starchy foods and had pH &lt; 4.0 owing to the activities of fermentative LAB. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry.	Acidity; Akamu; Lactic acid bacteria; Proximate composition; Yeasts	Bacteria (microorganisms); Candida albicans; Candida tropicalis; Clavispora lusitaniae; Lactobacillus; Lactococcus lactis; Saccharomyces paradoxus; Zea mays; lactic acid; acidity; akamu; article; bacterial count; chemistry; diet; fermentation; food control; genetics; human; lactic acid bacterium; Lactobacillus; maize; microbiology; microflora; pH; plant seed; polymerase chain reaction; proximate composition; yeast; acidity; akamu; lactic acid bacteria; proximate composition; yeasts; Colony Count, Microbial; Diet; Fermentation; Food Microbiology; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Acid; Lactobacillus; Microbiota; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Seeds; Yeasts; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892672125	Impact of season on the chemical composition of male and female blesbok (Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi) muscles	Neethling J., Hoffman L.C., Britz T.J.	2014	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	94	3	10.1002/jsfa.6281	Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa; Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Neethling, J., Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa, Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Hoffman, L.C., Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa; Britz, T.J., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa	BACKGROUND: The harvesting and consumption of game meat in South Africa is not limited to season. The study was thus aimed at investigating the seasonal impact on the chemical composition (moisture, protein, fat and ash contents) of male and female blesbok muscles (N = 32; longissimus dorsi, biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, infraspinatus and supraspinatus). RESULTS: A significant interaction (P ≤ 0.01) existed between season and muscle type. Selected muscles had higher (P ≤ 0.01) mean protein contents with a higher plane of nutrition (spring of 2009), while longissimus dorsi muscles had the highest (P ≤ 0.01) mean intramuscular fat content (33.52 g kg-1). A strong negative correlation (r = -0.82; P ≤ 0.01) existed between the muscles' moisture and protein content. The chemical composition of blesbok semimembranosus muscles was significantly different between seasons, while the other muscles were least affected by seasonal differences in blesbok plane of nutrition and activity levels. CONCLUSION: The seasonal and muscle differences were statistically significant, but numerically small. It is therefore debatable whether this is of biological relevance relating to human nutrition. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry.	Blesbok (Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi); Chemical composition; Game meat; Plane of nutrition; Season; Sustainable utilization; Venison	Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi; muscle protein; water; animal; article; blesbok (Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi); bovids; chemical composition; chemistry; diet; fat intake; female; game meat; male; meat; metabolism; nutritional value; plane of nutrition; protein intake; season; skeletal muscle; South Africa; sustainable utilization; venison; wild animal; blesbok (Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi); chemical composition; game meat; plane of nutrition; season; sustainable utilization; venison; Animals; Animals, Wild; Diet; Dietary Fats; Dietary Proteins; Female; Male; Meat; Muscle Proteins; Muscle, Skeletal; Nutritive Value; Ruminants; Seasons; South Africa; Water	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924180904	Ionic-liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of multiclass pesticide residues in water samples	Tadesse B., Teju E., Gure A., Megersa N.	2015	Journal of Separation Science	38	5	10.1002/jssc.201401105	Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, P. O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia	Tadesse, B., Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; Teju, E., Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Gure, A., Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, P. O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Megersa, N., Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Ionic-liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction in combination with highperformance liquid chromatography and diode array detection has been proposed for the simultaneous analysis of four multiclass pesticide residues including carbaryl,methidathion, chlorothalonil, and ametryn from water samples. The major experimental parameters including the type and volume of ionic liquid, sample pH, type, and volume of disperser solvent and cooling time were investigated and optimum conditions were established. Under the optimum experimental conditions, limits of detection and quantification of the method were in the range of 0.1-1.8 and 0.4-5.9 μg/L, respectively, with satisfactory enrichment factors ranging from 10-20. The matrix-matched calibration curves, which were constructed for lake water, as a representative matrix were linear over wide range with coefficients of determination of 0.996 or better. Intra- and interday precisions, expressed as relative standard deviations, were in the range of 1.1-9.7 and 3.1-7.8%, respectively. The relative recoveries of the spiked environmental water samples at one concentration level were in the range of 77-102%. The results of the present study revealed that the proposed method is simple, fast, and uses environmentally friendly extraction solvent for the analysis of the target pesticide residues in environmental water samples. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.	Environmental waters; High-performance liquid chromatography; Ionic liquids; Pesticide residues; Trace enrichment	Chromatography; High performance liquid chromatography; Ionic liquids; Liquid chromatography; Liquids; Pesticides; Solvent extraction; Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction; Environmental water; Environmental water samples; Experimental conditions; Experimental parameters; Pesticide residue; Relative standard deviations; Simultaneous analysis; Extraction; ionic liquid; lake water; pesticide residue; analytic method; Article; dispersion; high performance liquid chromatography; limit of detection; liquid phase microextraction; pH; priority journal; water analysis; water contamination	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880850493	Dive tourism and local communities: Active participation or subject to impacts? Case studies from malaysia	Daldeniz B., Hampton M.P.	2013	International Journal of Tourism Research	15	5	10.1002/jtr.1897	Kent Business School, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom; University of Johannesburg, South Africa	Daldeniz, B.; Hampton, M.P., Kent Business School, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	Dive tourism impacts were examined in three Malaysian islands: Perhentian (backpackers), Redang (package tourism) and Mabul (upmarket dive tourism). Qualitative local participation approaches were applied to investigate whether host communities were merely reactive to dive tourism's impacts. Dive tourism affected many aspects of community life. Besides physical/ environmental impacts (new infrastructure), research found varied economic impacts including employment/business opportunities and differing economic linkages. Participation varied between locations, and obstacles to increased participation were revealed. Mainly negative socio-cultural impacts were observed with minimal participation in cultural productions (handicrafts, performances). However, positive educational impacts emerged, especially environmental awareness and English language acquisition. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Dive tourism; Economic impacts; Host communities; Local participation	culture; diving; economic impact; employment; environmental impact; local participation; social impact; tourism; East Malaysia; Mabul Island; Malaysia; Redang; Sabah; Terengganu; West Malaysia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856038239	Determinants of Spending: An Evaluation of Three Major Sporting Events	Saayman M., Saayman A.	2012	International Journal of Tourism Research	14	2	10.1002/jtr.841	North-West University, Institute for Tourism and Leisure Studies, Potchefstroom, South Africa; North-West University, School of Economics, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Saayman, M., North-West University, Institute for Tourism and Leisure Studies, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Saayman, A., North-West University, School of Economics, Potchefstroom, South Africa	South Africa plays host to a number of major sporting events that takes place annually such as the Two Oceans Marathon, the Argus Cycle Tour and the Midmar open water mile. This research aims to identify the socio-economic differences of participants in the events and to determine the key drivers of their spending. Three surveys were conducted at the events during 2008 and 2010. The data analyses include a factor and a regression analyses. The analyses identified the different motives why participation takes place, the socio-demographic differences between participants and the impact thereof on spending. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Factor analysis; Motives; Regression analysis; Socio-demographics; Sporting events	factor analysis; public spending; regression analysis; socioeconomic survey; sport; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953086717	Experiences in monitoring and assessment of sustainable land management	Schwilch G., Bestelmeyer B., Bunning S., Critchley W., Herrick J., Kellner K., Liniger H.P., Nachtergaele F., Ritsema C.J., Schuster B., Tabo R., van Lynden G., Winslow M.	2011	Land Degradation and Development	22	2	10.1002/ldr.1040	Centre for Development and Environment (CDE), University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 10, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, Las Cruces, NM 88002, United States; FAO Land and Water Division, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome 00153, Italy; Centre for International Cooperation, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands; School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, South Africa; Alterra, P.O. Box 47, Wageningen 6700 AA, Netherlands; Land Degradation and Development Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, Wageningen 6700 AA, Netherlands; Institute for Water, Environment and Health, United Nations University, Germany; Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA), PMB CT 173 Cantonments, Accra, Ghana; ISRIC World Soil Information, WUR, P.O. Box 353, Wageningen 6700 AJ, Netherlands; International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India	Schwilch, G., Centre for Development and Environment (CDE), University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 10, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Bestelmeyer, B., USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, Las Cruces, NM 88002, United States; Bunning, S., FAO Land and Water Division, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome 00153, Italy; Critchley, W., Centre for International Cooperation, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Herrick, J., USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, Las Cruces, NM 88002, United States; Kellner, K., School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, South Africa; Liniger, H.P., Centre for Development and Environment (CDE), University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 10, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Nachtergaele, F., FAO Land and Water Division, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome 00153, Italy; Ritsema, C.J., Alterra, P.O. Box 47, Wageningen 6700 AA, Netherlands, Land Degradation and Development Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, Wageningen 6700 AA, Netherlands; Schuster, B., Institute for Water, Environment and Health, United Nations University, Germany; Tabo, R., Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA), PMB CT 173 Cantonments, Accra, Ghana; van Lynden, G., ISRIC World Soil Information, WUR, P.O. Box 353, Wageningen 6700 AJ, Netherlands; Winslow, M., International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India	Although sustainable land management (SLM) is widely promoted to prevent and mitigate land degradation and desertification, its monitoring and assessment (M&A) has received much less attention. This paper compiles methodological approaches which to date have been little reported in the literature. It draws lessons from these experiences and identifies common elements and future pathways as a basis for a global approach. The paper starts with local level methods where the World Overview of Conservation Approaches and Technologies (WOCAT) framework catalogues SLM case studies. This tool has been included in the local level assessment of Land Degradation Assessment in Drylands (LADA) and in the EU-DESIRE project. Complementary site-based approaches can enhance an ecological process-based understanding of SLM variation. At national and sub-national levels, a joint WOCAT/LADA/DESIRE spatial assessment based on land use systems identifies the status and trends of degradation and SLM, including causes, drivers and impacts on ecosystem services. Expert consultation is combined with scientific evidence and enhanced where necessary with secondary data and indicator databases. At the global level, the Global Environment Facility (GEF) knowledge from the land (KM:Land) initiative uses indicators to demonstrate impacts of SLM investments. Key lessons learnt include the need for a multi-scale approach, making use of common indicators and a variety of information sources, including scientific data and local knowledge through participatory methods. Methodological consistencies allow cross-scale analyses, and findings are analysed and documented for use by decision-makers at various levels. Effective M&A of SLM [e.g. for United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)] requires a comprehensive methodological framework agreed by the major players. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Desertification; Impact assessment; Methodological framework; Monitoring; Multiple scales; Participatory approaches; Sustainable land management	Desertification; Impact assessment; Methodological frameworks; Multiple scales; Participatory approach; Sustainable land management; Climatology; Degradation; Economics; Ecosystems; Land use; Rating; desertification; environmental assessment; environmental management; environmental monitoring; land degradation; land management; participatory approach	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80053195519	Evaluation of biological geotextiles for reducing runoff and soil loss under various environmental conditions using laboratory and field plot data	Smets T., Poesen J., Bhattacharyya R., Fullen M.A., Subedi M., Booth C.A., Kertész A., Szalai Z., Toth A., Jankauskas B., Jankauskiene G., Guerra A., Bezerra J.F.R., Yi Z., Panomtaranichagul M., Bühmann C., Paterson D.G.	2011	Land Degradation and Development	22	5	10.1002/ldr.1095	Physical and Regional Geography Research Group, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium; School of Applied Sciences, The University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom; Engineering and the Built Environment, The University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom; Geographical Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary; Kaltinenai Research Station of the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, Lithuania; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Yunnan Agricultural University, China; Chang Mai University, Thailand; Institue for Soil, Climate and Water of the Agricultural Research Council, South Africa	Smets, T., Physical and Regional Geography Research Group, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium; Poesen, J., Physical and Regional Geography Research Group, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium; Bhattacharyya, R., School of Applied Sciences, The University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom; Fullen, M.A., School of Applied Sciences, The University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom; Subedi, M., School of Applied Sciences, The University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom; Booth, C.A., Engineering and the Built Environment, The University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom; Kertész, A., Geographical Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary; Szalai, Z., Geographical Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary; Toth, A., Geographical Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary; Jankauskas, B., Kaltinenai Research Station of the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, Lithuania; Jankauskiene, G., Kaltinenai Research Station of the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, Lithuania; Guerra, A., Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Bezerra, J.F.R., Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Yi, Z., Yunnan Agricultural University, China; Panomtaranichagul, M., Chang Mai University, Thailand; Bühmann, C., Institue for Soil, Climate and Water of the Agricultural Research Council, South Africa; Paterson, D.G., Institue for Soil, Climate and Water of the Agricultural Research Council, South Africa	Preliminary investigations suggest biological geotextiles could be an effective and inexpensive soil conservation method, with enormous global potential. However, limited quantitative data are available on the erosion-reducing effects of biological geotextiles. Therefore, the objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of biological geotextiles in reducing runoff and soil loss under controlled laboratory conditions and under field conditions reflecting continental, temperate and tropical environments. In laboratory experiments, interrill runoff, interrill erosion and concentrated flow erosion were simulated using various rainfall intensities, flow shear stresses and slope gradients. Field plot data on the effects of biological geotextiles on sheet and rill erosion were collected in several countries (UK, Hungary, Lithuania, South Africa, Brazil, China and Thailand) under natural rainfall. Overall, based on the field plot data, the tested biological geotextiles reduce runoff depth and soil loss rates on average by 46 per cent and 79 per cent, respectively, compared to the values for bare soil. For the field and laboratory data of all tested geotextiles combined, no significant difference in relative runoff depth between field measurements and interrill laboratory experiments is observed. However, relative soil loss rate for the concentrated flow laboratory experiments are significantly higher compared to the interrill laboratory experiments and the field plot measurements. Although this study points to some shortcomings of conducting laboratory experiments to represent true field conditions, it can be concluded that the range and the mean relative runoff depth and soil loss rate as observed with the field measurements is similar to those as observed with the interrill laboratory experiments. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd..	Erosion control mats; Geotextiles; Laboratory and field plots; Soil conservation; Surface cover	Bare soils; Concentrated flow; Controlled laboratories; Environmental conditions; Erosion control; Field conditions; Field measurement; Field plot; Flow shear stress; Hungary; Interrill; Interrill erosion; Laboratory experiments; Lithuania; Quantitative data; Rainfall intensity; Rill erosion; Runoff depth; Slope gradients; Soil loss; South Africa; Surface cover; Thailand; Tropical environments; Agricultural runoff; Erosion; Experiments; Geotextiles; Laboratories; Rain; Shear flow; Soil conservation; Soils; Soil surveys; environmental conditions; erosion control; geotextile; rainfall; rill; runoff; shear stress; sheet erosion; soil conservation; soil erosion	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878951146	Comparing farmers' perception of soil fertility change with soil properties and crop performance in beseku, ethiopia	Karltun E., Lemenih M., Tolera M.	2013	Land Degradation and Development	24	3	10.1002/ldr.1118	Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box7001, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden; Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources, Hawassa University, Shashamane, Ethiopia	Karltun, E., Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box7001, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden; Lemenih, M., Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources, Hawassa University, Shashamane, Ethiopia; Tolera, M., Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources, Hawassa University, Shashamane, Ethiopia	Farmers' perceptions of soil fertility change were compared with observations on soil quality changes and crop performance in soils from a chronosequence representing a range of soil ages since conversion from forest to cropland (0 to 57years). A majority of the farmers, 92 per cent, had observed a decline in soil fertility on their land. Farmers use crop yield, indicator plants, soil softness and soil colour to judge soil fertility. They identified 11 plants that they used to indicate high soil fertility and four plants that they used to indicate low soil fertility. There was a strong correlation (r=0·96) between soil organic matter content (loss on ignition) and farmers' ranking of soil fertility based on colour and softness of soil samples from the chronosequence. The biotest experiment with maize showed an exponential decline in biomass production along the chronosequence, confirming the results of farmers' soil fertility ranking. In the biotest, total soil N predicted produced biomass well (r2=0·95), whereas the relationship with soil available P (Olsen) was less obvious. Among the eight analysed plant nutrients in the maize leaves, N content was found to correlate best with biomass production (r2=0·94). We conclude (i) that there is good agreement between farmers' knowledge and scientific indicators of soil fertility and (ii) that the major reason for declining soil fertility in Beseku is the decrease in N mineralization over time. Interventions should focus on supporting farmers to implement a diversified nutrient management strategy that can maintain or increase long-term productivity of the soil. © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.	Biotest; Chronosequence; Ethiopia; Farmers' perception; Nitrogen; Plant indicators; Soil fertility indicators	Biotest; Chronosequences; Ethiopia; Farmers' perceptions; Soil fertility; Biomass; Crops; Nitrogen; Nutrients; Plants (botany); Soils; biomass; chronosequence; comparative study; crop performance; crop yield; farmers attitude; farmers knowledge; maize; perception; soil fertility; soil nitrogen; soil organic matter; Ethiopia; Zea mays	SWE2004-295, Sida-Sarec
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876141943	Assessing the performance of a spatially distributed soil erosion and sediment delivery model (WATEM/SEDEM) in northern ethiopia	Haregeweyn N., Poesen J., Verstraeten G., Govers G., de Vente J., Nyssen J., Deckers J., Moeyersons J.	2013	Land Degradation and Development	24	2	10.1002/ldr.1121	Arid Land Research Centre, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan; Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, PO Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Division of Geography, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, K.U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 E, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Department of Desertification and Geoecology, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (EEZA-CSIC), Almeria, Spain; Department of Geography, Gent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S8), B 9000 Gent, Belgium; Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, K.U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 E, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Agriculture and Forestry Economics, Royal Museum for Central Africa, B-3080, Tervuren, Belgium	Haregeweyn, N., Arid Land Research Centre, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan, Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, PO Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Poesen, J., Division of Geography, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, K.U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 E, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Verstraeten, G., Division of Geography, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, K.U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 E, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Govers, G., Division of Geography, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, K.U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 E, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; de Vente, J., Department of Desertification and Geoecology, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (EEZA-CSIC), Almeria, Spain; Nyssen, J., Department of Geography, Gent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S8), B 9000 Gent, Belgium; Deckers, J., Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, K.U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 E, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Moeyersons, J., Agriculture and Forestry Economics, Royal Museum for Central Africa, B-3080, Tervuren, Belgium	Most regional-scale soil erosion models are spatially lumped and hence have limited application to practical problems such as the evaluation of the spatial variability of soil erosion and sediment delivery within a catchment. Therefore, the objectives of this study were as follows: (i) to calibrate and assess the performance of a spatially distributed WATEM/SEDEM model in predicting absolute sediment yield and specific sediment yield from 12 catchments in Tigray (Ethiopia) by using two different sediment transport capacity equations (original and modified) and (ii) to assess the performance of WATEM/SEDEM for the identification of critical sediment source areas needed for targeting catchment management. The performance of the two model versions for sediment yield was found promising for the 12 catchments. For both versions, model performance for the nine catchments with limited gully erosion was clearly better than the performance obtained when including the three catchments with significant gully erosion. Moreover, there is no significant difference (alpha 5 per cent) between the performances of the two model versions. Cultivated lands were found to be on average five times more prone to erosion than bush-shrub lands. The predicted soil loss values in most parts of Gindae catchment are generally high as compared with the soil formation rates. This emphasises the importance of implementing appropriate soil and water conservation measures in critical sediment source areas prioritising the steepest part of the catchment (i.e. areas with slope >50 per cent). The applicability of the WATEM/SEDEM model to environments where gully erosion is important requires the incorporation of permanent gully and bank gully erosion in the model structure. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Calibration; Critical sediment-source areas; Ethiopia; Gully erosion; Sediment delivery model; Sediment yield; Soil erosion; Transport capacity	Critical sediment-source areas; Ethiopia; Gully erosion; Sediment delivery; Sediment yields; Soil erosion; Transport capacity; Calibration; Erosion; Geologic models; Landforms; Runoff; Sediment transport; Sedimentology; Soils; Spatial distribution; Water conservation; Catchments; calibration; catchment; gully erosion; numerical model; sediment transport; sediment yield; soil conservation; soil erosion; spatial variation; Ethiopia; Tigray	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84902084623	Impacts of land cover change scenarios on storm runoff generation: A basis for management of the Nyando Basin, Kenya	Olang L.O., Kundu P.M., Ouma G., Fürst J.	2014	Land Degradation and Development	25	3	10.1002/ldr.2140	Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Kenyatta University, P. O. Box43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Venda, P. O. Private Bag, X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa; Department of Meteorology, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Institute of Water Management, Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, Wien, A-1190, Austria	Olang, L.O., Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Kenyatta University, P. O. Box43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Kundu, P.M., Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Venda, P. O. Private Bag, X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa; Ouma, G., Department of Meteorology, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Fürst, J., Institute of Water Management, Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, Wien, A-1190, Austria	The effects of conceptual land cover change scenarios on the generation of storm runoffs were evaluated in the Nyando Basin. The spatial scenarios represented alternatives that vary between full deforestation and reforestation. Synthetic storm events of depths 40, 60 and 80mm were formulated according to the rainfall patterns and assumed to have durations corresponding to the runoff times of concentration. The Natural Resource Conservation Service-Curve Number model was used to generate runoff volumes within the sub-catchments, which were subsequently routed downstream to obtain effects in the whole basin. The simulated land cover change impacts were evaluated relative to values obtained from the actual land cover state of the basin in the year2000. From the results, an agricultural land cover scenario constituting of about 86percent of agriculture indicated increased runoff volumes in the entire basin by about 12percent. An agricultural-forested land cover scenario with 40 and 51percent of forest and agriculture respectively revealed reduced runoff volumes by about 12percent. Alternatively, a scenario depicting a largely forested land cover state with about 78percent of forests reduced the runoff volumes by about 25percent according to the model estimates. Runoff volumes in the basin were also likely to reduce by about 15percent if the appropriate land cover scenario for the respective sub-catchments were to be assumed for runoff management purposes. Considering the prevalent data uncertainty, the study effectively highlights the potential hydrological vulnerability of the basin. The results obtained can form a basis for appropriate catchment management of the area. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Catchment management; Conceptual scenario; Hydrological model; Kenya; Land cover change; Nyando Basin; Runoff event; Synthetic storm	Agriculture; Catchments; Conservation; Deforestation; Natural resources; Reforestation; Storms; Catchment management; Conceptual scenario; Hydrological modeling; Kenya; Land-cover change; Nyando Basin; Runoff; agricultural land; catchment; conceptual framework; hydrological modeling; land cover; rainfall; runoff; storm; Agriculture; Conservation; Deforestation; Hydrology; Kenya; Land Use; Natural Resources; Reforestation; Runoff; Kenya; Nyando Basin	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870864167	Changing sediment yield and sediment dynamics in the karoo uplands, south africa; post-european impacts	Foster I.D.L., Rowntree K.M., Boardman J., Mighall T.M.	2012	Land Degradation and Development	23	6	10.1002/ldr.2180	School of Science and Technology, University of Northampton, Newton Building, Northampton NN2 6JD, United Kingdom; Department of Geography, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, United Kingdom; Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa; Department of Geography and the Environment, University of Aberdeen, AB24 3UF, United Kingdom	Foster, I.D.L., School of Science and Technology, University of Northampton, Newton Building, Northampton NN2 6JD, United Kingdom, Department of Geography, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Rowntree, K.M., Department of Geography, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Boardman, J., Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, United Kingdom, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa; Mighall, T.M., Department of Geography and the Environment, University of Aberdeen, AB24 3UF, United Kingdom	We provide an overview of published results and a significant body of new data from an ongoing research programme designed to reconstruct sediment yields and sources in small (&lt;60km2) catchments in the Eastern Cape, South Africa over the last 150years. Our analysis of four catchments has determined that sediment yield increased significantly in the latter half of the 20th century but that the exact timing of these increases was different in each of the four catchments. In two high altitude locations, sediment yield increases were not associated with a significant change in sediment source although, in one case, areas of former cultivation appear to have made a slightly greater contribution since the 1960s. In a third catchment, increases in sediment yield appear to have been driven by the development of badlands and by an increase in connectivity between the badlands and the main channel network in the 1960s. In the fourth catchment, increased connectivity between the main catchment and dam occurred as a result of the construction of a causeway to carry a main road and by the construction of culverts beneath the road. Occasional changes in sediment source have also been identified in the sedimentary record, but these were not linked directly to road construction. Research to date shows the complexity of sediment delivery in these semi-arid catchment systems and emphasises the need to combine sediment yield with source ascription to better understand the dynamics of these systems. © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.	Catchment connectivity; Karoo; Land use change; Sediment sources; Sediment yield; Weather and climate	Karoo; Land-use change; Sediment sources; Sediment yields; Weather and climate; Digital storage; Dynamics; Landforms; Roads and streets; Runoff; Sedimentology; Sediments; Catchments; badlands; catchment; cultivation; land use change; road; sediment yield; upland region; Eastern Cape; Karoo; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84944626693	The Impacts of Changes in Land Use on Woodlands in an Equatorial African Savanna	Kalema V.N., Witkowski E.T.F., Erasmus B.F.N., Mwavu E.N.	2015	Land Degradation and Development	26	7	10.1002/ldr.2279	Restoration and Conservation Biology Research Group, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, WITS, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, South Africa; Centre for African Ecology, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, WITS, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Forestry, Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Makerere University, PO Box7062, Kampala, Uganda	Kalema, V.N., Restoration and Conservation Biology Research Group, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, WITS, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, South Africa; Witkowski, E.T.F., Restoration and Conservation Biology Research Group, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, WITS, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, South Africa; Erasmus, B.F.N., Centre for African Ecology, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, WITS, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, South Africa; Mwavu, E.N., Restoration and Conservation Biology Research Group, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, WITS, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, South Africa, School of Forestry, Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Makerere University, PO Box7062, Kampala, Uganda	Savanna landscapes are vitally important in providing both ecological and economic services that sustain local livelihoods and national economies, particularly for sub-Saharan African countries whose economies are mainly agrarian. Development prospects in savanna landscapes are however dependent on actions to avoid and to slow or reverse degradation and that are aided with a clear understanding of trends in land use/cover changes, their causes and implications for conservation. We analysed land use/cover changes based on three Landsat satellite images (1984, 1995 and 2000/2001) and the influence of human utilization on the changes in an equatorial African savanna, central Uganda, for the period 1984-2000/2001. The land cover classification and change analysis clearly identified the dominant land cover types, revealing a severe reduction in woodland cover with dense woodlands decreasing by 64%, over a 17-year period. Consequently, medium woodland, open woodland and cultivation/settlements areas cover increased by 31%, 3% and 80%, respectively. The cover change analysis results were corroborated with interview results that also attributed the woodland cover loss to increasing commercial charcoal production, expanding livestock grazing, subsistence crop cultivation and an insecure land use tenure system. Indeed, the major land use types in the savanna are charcoal production, shifting crop cultivation and livestock rearing. The decreasing woody vegetation cover threatens the savanna's ability to continue providing ecosystems services to support the livelihoods of people who mainly depend on natural resources and are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Biomass energy; Charcoal production; Landsat imagery; Livelihoods; Livestock grazing; Subsistence agriculture; Woodlands	Agriculture; Charcoal; Climate change; Crops; Cultivation; Ecology; Economics; Satellite imagery; Bio-mass energy; Charcoal production; Landsat imagery; Livelihoods; Livestock grazing; Subsistence agriculture; Woodlands; Land use	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921023807	Seasonal Surface Drainage of Sloping Farmland: A Review of Its Hydrogeomorphic Impacts	Monsieurs E., Dessie M., Adgo E., Poesen J., Deckers J., Verhoest N., Nyssen J.	2015	Land Degradation and Development	26	1	10.1002/ldr.2286	Department of Geography, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium; School of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Management, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Natural Resources, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium	Monsieurs, E., Department of Geography, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium; Dessie, M., School of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Management, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Adgo, E., Department of Natural Resources, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Poesen, J., Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Deckers, J., Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Verhoest, N., Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Management, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Nyssen, J., Department of Geography, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium	The combination of runoff-generating areas (saturated soils) and overland flow concentration in features such as drainage ditches makes sloping farmland vulnerable to soil erosion. The establishment of drainage ditches aims at draining the excess of water from the farmland, particularly in areas where soils are saturated in the rainy season. The hydrogeomorphic impacts on the farmland itself and on downstream areas need however also to be studied. Off site, downstream problems comprise higher peak discharges, leading to gully initiation, an increase in sediment load, and flooding problems. On-site problems such as the development of the drainage ditches into (ephemeral) gullies are less documented, although they may be important, as illustrated in the Lake Tana Basin (Ethiopia). The similarities and interactions between ephemeral gully channels and drainage ditches have to be considered to better understand all effects of drainage. Drainage ditches are a potential source of conflict between farmers with different interests and power, as well as between upstream and downstream users. A case study on drainage ditches on sloping farmlands in the Lake Tana Basin showed that nine out of ten catchments had drainage densities by ditches ranging from 53 to 510mha-1. Drainage ditches were constructed with an average top width of 27 (±9) cm. A significant correlation was found between stone bund density (physical conservation structures) and ditch drainage density (R=-0·72), in line with the Ethiopian government's ban on drainage ditches in farmlands where stone bunds have been constructed. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Cut-off drain; Drainage ditch; Ephemeral gully; Rill; Runoff; Soil saturation; Stone bund	Farms; Lakes; Landforms; Rivers; Runoff; Soils; Cut-off drain; Drainage ditches; Ephemeral gullies; Rill; Soil saturation; Stone bund; Catchments	None
None	None	Impact of indigenous-based interventions on land conservation: A case study of a soil conservation and agroforestry project, Arumeru district, Tanzania	Kajembe G.C., Julius F., Nduwamungu J., Wtakwa P.W., Nyange D.A.	2005	Land Degradation and Development	16	3	10.1002/ldr.656	Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3013, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania	Kajembe, G.C., Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3013, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania; Julius, F., Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3013, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania; Nduwamungu, J., Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3013, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania; Wtakwa, P.W., Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3013, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania; Nyange, D.A., Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3013, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania	Land degradation has been identified as a serious problem in Tanzania since the 1920s. Among the factors normally cited as contributing to land degradation are deforestation, overgrazing and inappropriate farming practices. Several attempts by the government to arrest the problem have been based on top-down approaches. Indigenous-based interventions are among the alternative practices adopted by the Soil Conservation and Agroforestry Project in Arumeru District, Tanzania. The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of the indigenous-based interventions on land conservation. More specifically the study intended to assess farmers' perception of land degradation, the adoption rate of indigenous-based interventions, the impact of those interventions, and lastly the sustainability of those interventions. Data for the study were collected through Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) techniques and a questionnaire survey. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS®) was used to analyse quantitative data and Content and Structural-Functional Analyses were used for qualitative data. The study found that the rate of land degradation was perceived by respondents to be rather severe. The study also revealed that indigenous-based interventions, which require minimal labour and capital, have been highly adopted by many farmers while labour/capital intensive ones have been taken up by fewer farmers. In general, indigenous-based interventions appear to have eased farm operations and contributed towards increased crop yield, improved soil fertility and increased income. Success in some of the indigenous interventions warrants their wider promotion beyond the project area. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Indigenous-based interventions; Land degradation; Land/soil conservation; Sustainable agriculture; Tanzania	Agriculture; Data reduction; Deforestation; Degradation; Farms; Public policy; Agroforestry; Crop yield; Land conservation; Participatory rural appraisal (PRA); Soil conservation; agroforestry; soil conservation; soil erosion; sustainability; Agriculture; Conservation; Deforestation; Degradation; Land; Africa; East Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tanzania; World	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-72449141017	High-performance carbon nanotube-reinforced bioplastic	Ramontja J., Ray S.S., Pillai S.K., Luyt A.S.	2009	Macromolecular Materials and Engineering	294	12	10.1002/mame.200900197	DST/CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, National Centre for Nano-Structured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Free State, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa	Ramontja, J., DST/CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, National Centre for Nano-Structured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Chemistry, Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Free State, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa; Ray, S.S., DST/CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, National Centre for Nano-Structured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa; Pillai, S.K., DST/CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, National Centre for Nano-Structured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa; Luyt, A.S., Department of Chemistry, Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Free State, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa	The inherent properties of poly(lactide), a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer, are concurrently improved by the incorporation of a small amount of surface functionalized carbon nanotubes. A new method has been used to functionalize the CNTs' outer surface with hexadecylamine. A composite of PLA with functionalized CNTs has been prepared by melt-extrusion. FT-IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, DSC, and optical microscopy are used to investigate the thermal and mechanical property improvement mechanism in f-CNTs containing PLA composite.	None	Bioplastics; FTIR spectroscopy; Functionalized; Functionalized carbon nanotubes; Hexadecylamine; Melt extrusion; Outer surface; Poly(lactide); Thermal and mechanical properties; Biodegradable polymers; Functional polymers; Mechanical properties; Optical microscopy; Optical properties; Raman spectroscopy; Carbon nanotubes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77950802837	Fractionation and analysis of an impact poly(propylene) copolymer by TREF and SEC-FTIR	De Goede E., Mallon P., Pasch H.	2010	Macromolecular Materials and Engineering	295	4	10.1002/mame.200900336	Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	De Goede, E., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Mallon, P., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Pasch, H., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	TREF and SEC-FTIR were combined for the first time to characterise a commercial ICPP. This off-line coupling proved to be especially useful for the characterisation of fractions of co-eluting non-identical components, exhibiting bimodal molecular weight distributions. Within these fractions the chemical composition distribution across the molecular weight curve indicated the presence of EPC within the lower elution volume, high molecular weight distribution within the bimodal curve, while PP homopolymer was present across the high elution volume, low-molecular-weight distribution. The distribution of ethylene and propylene sequence crystallinity across the molecular weight distribution indicated the presence of both crystalline ethylene and propylene sequences across the EPC component, while only crystalline PP was detected within the component characterised as PP homopolymer. These results were used to characterise the melt behaviour of TREF fractions measured by DSC, especially those of the above-mentioned fractions containing co-eluting EPC and iPP. The melt endotherm present at lower temperature within the 60-100 8C fractions was assigned to the melting of ethylene sequences present within the EPC component while the endotherm at higher temperature was representative of the melting of propylene sequences present within bothEPCandiPP.Thecombination of TREFandSEC-FTIRhadproven to be one of the simplest, fastest ways of characterising ICPPs. A single SEC-FTIR analysis of each TREF fraction allows for the simultaneous identification of constituents as well as the determination of ethyleneand propylene crystallinity as a function of molecular weight. This approach replaces analytical procedures where TREF analysis would have to be followed by additional steps of both FTIR and DSC analyses to obtain information of a similar nature. © 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.	FTIR; ICPP copolymer; Size-exclusion chromatography; Temperature-rising elution fractionation	Analytical procedure; Bimodal molecular weight distribution; Characterisation; Chemical composition distributions; Crystallinities; Elution volumes; FTIR; FTIR analysis; High molecular weight; Higher temperatures; Homopolymers; Identical components; Low molecular weight; Poly(propylene) copolymers; Propylene sequences; Simultaneous identification; Temperature-rising elution; Temperature-rising elution fractionation; Copolymerization; Crystalline materials; Ethylene; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Gel permeation chromatography; Molecular weight distribution; Plastic products; Polypropylenes; Size exclusion chromatography; Weighing; Propylene	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855537022	Using crystallisation fractionation to monitor thermo-oxidative degradation of impact poly(propylene) copolymers	De Goede E., Mallon P.E., Pasch H.	2012	Macromolecular Materials and Engineering	297	1	10.1002/mame.201100058	Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	De Goede, E., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Mallon, P.E., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Pasch, H., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	ICPPs are complex materials that contain various ethylene/propylene copolymers in addition to the majority poly(propylene) phase. To understand their molecular structure, multiple fractionation and analysis techniques are used. In this study, TREF and CRYSTAF are used to study the difference in the thermo-oxidative degradation of two grades of ICPPs with different ethylene contents. Direct correlations are drawn between the carbonyl index, molecular weight and crystallisability at various stages of degradation. The higher ethylene content sample shows increased thermal stability. This is due to the fact that the ethylene/propylene fraction is more stable due to the higher comonomer content and lower isotacticity as well as due to the higher amount of this fraction in the material. Copyright © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.	differential scanning calorimetry; impact PP copolymers; SEC/FTIR; temperature rising elution fractionation; thermo-oxidative degradation	Analysis techniques; Carbonyl index; Comonomer content; Complex materials; Ethylene/propylene copolymers; Isotacticities; Poly(propylene) copolymers; SEC/FTIR; Thermo-oxidative degradation; Copolymers; Degradation; Differential scanning calorimetry; Ethylene; Propylene; Polypropylenes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80755169427	Spatial heterogeneity of thermo-oxidative degradation in impact poly(propylene) copolymers	De Goede E., Mallon P.E., Rode K., Pasch H.	2011	Macromolecular Materials and Engineering	296	11	10.1002/mame.201100061	Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; German Institute for Polymers, Schlossgartenstr.6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany	De Goede, E., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Mallon, P.E., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Rode, K., German Institute for Polymers, Schlossgartenstr.6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany; Pasch, H., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	The spatial degradation in impact PP copolymers with different ethylene contents is studied by FTIR microscopy and layer-by-layer milling of the sample surfaces, followed by ATR-FTIR, SEC, and CRYSTAF analysis. FTIR allows for tracking of the rate of degradation, providing information on the depth profiling of the degradation. Results show that samples with lower ethylene content degrade faster at all depths than those with higher ethylene content. The latter show a more uniform degradation from the surface to the bulk of the material at longer degradation times. This is ascribed to the higher amorphous content which results in a larger oxygen diffusion to the centre of the material while its slower rate of degradation is ascribed to the lower tertiary carbon content. © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.	FTIR microscopy; impact PP copolymers; spatial heterogeneity of degradation; thermo-oxidative degradation	Amorphous content; ATR FTIR; Carbon content; FTIR; FTIR microscopy; impact PP copolymers; Layer-by-layers; Lower Tertiary; Oxygen diffusion; Poly(propylene) copolymers; Sample surface; Spatial degradation; Spatial heterogeneity; Thermo-oxidative degradation; Amorphous carbon; Copolymerization; Copolymers; Depth profiling; Ethylene; Gel permeation chromatography; Polypropylenes; Propylene; Degradation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883164012	Preparative TREF - HT-HPLC - HPer DSC: Linking molecular characteristics and thermal properties of an impact poly(propylene) copolymer	Cheruthazhekatt S., Pijpers T.F.J., Mathot V.B.F., Pasch H.	2013	Macromolecular Symposia	330	1	10.1002/masy.201300005	Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, 7602 Matieland, South Africa	Cheruthazhekatt, S., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, 7602 Matieland, South Africa; Pijpers, T.F.J., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, 7602 Matieland, South Africa; Mathot, V.B.F., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, 7602 Matieland, South Africa; Pasch, H., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, 7602 Matieland, South Africa	Summary The microstructure and thermal behaviour of complex polyolefins affect the product properties significantly. Therefore a thorough characterization of such semi-crystalline materials is necessary to understand the relationship between molecular structure and melting and crystallization behaviour. In the present work, the correlation between the chain structure and thermal behaviour of various components in a complex midelution temperature TREF fraction (80 °C) of a commercial impact poly(propylene) copolymer were studied by using a combination of prep TREF and a highly selective separation method, HT HPLC, followed by thermal analysis of resulting dual fractions via a fast scanning DSC technique (HPer DSC). HT-HPLC can separate polymer chains according to their microstructure (chemical composition, tacticity and chain branching) within in short analysis time. The ability to measure the thermal properties of minute amounts of materials by HPer DSC helps to correlate their chemical structure with the melting and crystallization behaviour. In this way, the present hyphenated technique (prep-TREF-HT-HPLC-HPer DSC) provides a powerful tool to separate and analyse complex mixtures of polymer components having different chemical structures and thermal properties. Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.	HPer DSC; HT HPLC; impact poly(propylene) copolymer; TREF	HPer DSC; HT HPLC; Hyphenated techniques; Melting and crystallization; Molecular characteristics; Polypropylene copolymers; Semicrystalline materials; TREF; Chains; Crystalline materials; Melting; Microstructure; Structure (composition); Thermoanalysis; Thermodynamic properties; Copolymers	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896351211	Fractionation and characterization of impact poly(propylene) copolymers by high temperature two-dimensional liquid chromatography	Cheruthazhekatt S., Pasch H.	2014	Macromolecular Symposia	337	1	10.1002/masy.201450306	Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, 7602 Matieland, South Africa	Cheruthazhekatt, S., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, 7602 Matieland, South Africa; Pasch, H., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, 7602 Matieland, South Africa	Information regarding molar mass distribution (MMD) and chemical composition distribution (CCD) of complex polyolefins such as impact polypropylene copolymer (IPC) is important in order to fully understand their properties during processing and application. Precise analysis of such polymeric materials having multiple distributions in various molecular characteristics is a difficult task and single separation methods fail to provide enough information about their microstructure. Preparative fractionation and subsequent analysis of the separated fractions was found to be an effective method for their complete characterisation. In this work, a combination of preparative TREF with high temperature two-dimensional liquid chromatography was used for the separation and analysis of the complex components in a commercial IPC sample. In addition to the ethylene-propylene (block or segmented) copolymers and low molar mass isotactic polypropylene (iPP) homopolymer (as expected in the semicrystalline TREF fraction of an IPC), significant amounts of high molar mass iPP and polyethylene (PE) homopolymer were observed. The results showed that the TREF-HT-2D-LC combination can be used as a powerful analytical tool for the complete microstructural analysis of such complex EP copolymers. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.	chemical composition separation; crystallization analysis fractionation; ethylene-propylene copolymers; high temperature two-dimensional liquid chromatography; impact polypropylene copolymer; TREF	Copolymers; Ethylene; Fractionation; Liquid chromatography; Polymers; Propylene; Two dimensional; Chemical compositions; Crystallization analysis fractionation; Ethylene propylene copolymers; Impact polypropylene copolymer; TREF; Two-dimensional liquid chromatography; Polypropylenes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84911404974	The importance of attributes in entrepreneurial Opportunity evaluations: An emerging market study	Urban B.	2014	Managerial and Decision Economics	35	8	10.1002/mde.2639	Graduate School of Business Administration, Wits Business School, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Urban, B., Graduate School of Business Administration, Wits Business School, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Although prior research has established that entrepreneurs have idiosyncratic perceptions about opportunity attributes, we do not yet understand the level of importances attached to attributes when evaluating opportunities. This article uses conjoint analysis to assess how trade-offs are decided when evaluating opportunities considering both individual and business criteria. We hypothesize differences in the perceived importances of opportunities and the unique constellations therein. The results indicate that there is a significant difference in the degree of importance attached to the business sector, capital intensity, technology maturity, market potential and return on investment potential, when individuals evaluate an entrepreneurial opportunity. The business sector was identified as the principal determinant of opportunity attractiveness, followed closely by the market growth rate, which reflects emerging market conditions. By contextualizing the findings, it is suggested that emerging economies impose higher bureaucratic burdens on entrepreneurs, increasing uncertainty as well as operational and transactions costs of firms; therefore, reducing the incentive to invest in capital or technology. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921545699	Executive compensation, corporate governance and corporate performance: A simultaneous equation approach	Ntim C.G., Lindop S., Osei K.A., Thomas D.A.	2015	Managerial and Decision Economics	36	2	10.1002/mde.2653	School of Management, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; School of Management and Business, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom; Department of Finance, University of Ghana Business School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana	Ntim, C.G., School of Management, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Lindop, S., School of Management and Business, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom; Osei, K.A., Department of Finance, University of Ghana Business School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Thomas, D.A., School of Management and Business, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom	This paper investigates the association between executive compensation and performance. It uniquely utilises a comprehensive set of corporate governance mechanisms within a three-stage least squares (3SLS) simultaneous equation framework. Results based on estimating a conventional single equation model indicate that the executive pay and performance sensitivity is relatively weak, whereas those based on estimating a 3SLS model generally suggest improved executive pay and performance sensitivity. Our findings highlight the need for future research to control for possible simultaneous interdependencies when estimating the executive pay and performance link. The findings are generally robust across a raft of econometric models that control for different types of endogeneities, executive pay and performance proxies. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928583727	Modelling the impacts of climate variability on crop yields in Nigeria: Performance evaluation of RegCM3-GLAM system	Matthew O.J., Abiodun B.J., Salami A.T.	2015	Meteorological Applications	22	2	10.1002/met.1443	Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Climate System Analysis Group (CSAG), Department of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Matthew, O.J., Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Abiodun, B.J., Climate System Analysis Group (CSAG), Department of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Salami, A.T., Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	This study evaluates the capability of a Climate-Crop Modelling System (RegCM3-GLAM) in simulating the regional climate and crop yields (maize, rice, cowpea, and groundnut) over Nigeria. Daily climatic data obtained from a Regional Climate Model (RegCM3) simulation was used as the input data in the General Large Area Model (GLAM) to simulate the crop yields for 11years (1999-2009), and a series of sensitivity experiments were performed to test and optimize the GLAM parameters over the region. The results show that RegCM3 gives a realistic simulation of the Nigerian climate. The correlation coefficients obtained between the observed and simulated climatic variables are between 0.72 and 0.96 at p < 0.01. However, the model slightly underestimates rainfall and maximum temperature in the wet season (April to October) and overestimates rainfall and maximum temperature in the dry season (November to March). GLAM also gives a realistic simulation of the mean and spatial distribution of crop yields in Nigeria. The root mean square errors of the simulations are generally less than 36% of the observed yields. The performance evaluation of the model varies with ecological zones. The model shows the best performance in simulating maize and the worst performance in simulating cowpea over the Savannas. Sensitivity experiments reveal that simulated crop yield is sensitive to model parameters (harvest index, extinction coefficient, optimum temperature, and transpiration efficiency), with both extinction coefficient and transpiration efficiency showing more significant impact. It has been concluded that the performance of GLAM over the country can be further improved by enhancing the quality of meteorological input data. © 2015 Royal Meteorological Society.	Climate variability; Crop yield; GLAM; Performance evaluation; RegCM3; Sensitivity	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-46049118098	Extreme performance TEM horn	Malherbe J.A.G.	2008	Microwave and Optical Technology Letters	50	8	10.1002/mop.23550	Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	Malherbe, J.A.G., Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	Previously, a TEM horn with ultra wideband performance had been described. The horn made use of an elliptic plate separation profile, while the plate width was determined by an optimal impedance function and the characteristic impedance equations for microstrip. In this article, it is shown that if the impedance equations for parallel plate waveguide are employed in the calculation of the plate width, extreme bandwith of more than 70:1 for a VSWR of 2:1 can be achieved. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	Elliptic profile; Extreme bandwidth; TEM horn	Characteristic impedance; Elliptic profile; Extreme bandwidth; Impedance functions; Micro strips; Parallel-plate waveguides; Plate separation; Plate width; TEM horn; Ultra wide bands; Separation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-62449339139	Frequency-independent performance of elliptic profile tem horns	Malherbe J.	2009	Microwave and Optical Technology Letters	51	3	10.1002/mop.24109	Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Malherbe, J., Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	The TEM horn with elliptic E-plane profile has been shown to give extremely wide bandwidth performance as far as VSWR and gain is concerned. In this article, the variation in radiation pattern versus frequency is explored, and it is shown that, dependant on choice, E-plane or H-plane radiation patterns that are virtually independent of frequency can be obtained. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	Elliptic profile; Frequency-independent properties; TEM horn	Elliptic profile; Frequency-independent properties; H planes; Radiation patterns; TEM horn; Wide-bandwidth performance	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900553934	Participation and performance: Decentralised planning and implementation in ethiopia	Snyder K.A., Ludi E., Cullen B., Tucker J., Zeleke A.B., Duncan A.	2014	Public Administration and Development	34	2	10.1002/pad.1680	International Water Management Institute, Ethiopia; International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Nairobi, Kenya; Overseas Development Institute, United Kingdom; International Livestock Research Institute, Ethiopia	Snyder, K.A., International Water Management Institute, Ethiopia, International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Nairobi, Kenya; Ludi, E., Overseas Development Institute, United Kingdom; Cullen, B., International Livestock Research Institute, Ethiopia; Tucker, J., Overseas Development Institute, United Kingdom; Zeleke, A.B., International Livestock Research Institute, Ethiopia; Duncan, A., International Livestock Research Institute, Ethiopia	This article discusses how decentralisation policies are enacted in the planning and implementation of natural resource management interventions in rural Ethiopia. A key element of decentralisation policy is the emphasis on greater participation by local communities. Drawing on qualitative research conducted with government staff and farmers, this paper illustrates how different actors perceive and implement national policy and how these actions affect the longer-term sustainability of land management interventions. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Agricultural development; Decentralisation; Ethiopia; Natural resources management; Participatory planning	agricultural development; decentralization; land management; local participation; participatory approach; performance assessment; policy implementation; resource management; rural area; sustainability; Ethiopia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939458343	Performance Appraisal and Its Use for Individual and Organisational Improvement in the Civil Service of Ghana: The Case of Much Ado about Nothing?	Ohemeng F.L.K., Zakari H.B., Adusah-Karikari A.	2015	Public Administration and Development	35	3	10.1002/pad.1718	University of Ottawa, Canada; University for Development Studies, Ghana; Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration (GIMPA), Ghana	Ohemeng, F.L.K., University of Ottawa, Canada; Zakari, H.B., University for Development Studies, Ghana; Adusah-Karikari, A., Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration (GIMPA), Ghana	Recent efforts to modernise public sector institutions have led to the adoption of performance management systems worldwide. The belief in performance management is that information generated can be used to help individuals improve themselves in terms of what they do in their organisations, which will subsequently impact positively on the organisation. An instrument for collecting performance information (PI) is performance appraisal (PA). Since the early 1990s, the Ghanaian government has attempted to develop a systematic appraisal system as a strategy to obtain PI in the civil service (CS). In spite of this, the CS continues to perform below expectations despite individuals getting promoted every year. What has been the effect of PA in the CS? How has the collected information been utilised to improve performance? What are the main barriers to the use of PI, and what practices can be put in place that might encourage the effective collection of PI and its use in the CS? We argue that the PA system is much ado about nothing. In analysing why this is so, we will look at the impediments that continue to affect the collection and usage of PI and to suggest ways that will help improve the system. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Civil service; Ghana; Individual performance; Organisational performance; Performance appraisal; Performance information; Performance management	administrative framework; civil service; governance approach; management practice; organizational framework; performance assessment; Ghana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-57349178497	Public sector reform in Sub-Saharan Africa: What can be learnt from the civil service performance improvement programme in Ghana?	Antwi K.B., Analoui F., Nana-Agyekum D.	2008	Public Administration and Development	28	4	10.1002/pad.503	University of Cape-Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Bradford Centre for International Development (BCID), University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, United Kingdom; Office of the Head of Civil Service (OHCS), Ghana	Antwi, K.B., University of Cape-Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Analoui, F., Bradford Centre for International Development (BCID), University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, United Kingdom; Nana-Agyekum, D., Office of the Head of Civil Service (OHCS), Ghana	This paper focuses on public sector management reform 'best-practice' case experience from Sub-Sahara African (SSA). Given that 'best-practice' is a relative concept and often debatable, the paper uses the Ghana Civil Service Performance Improvement Programme (GCSPIP) experience as rather a 'good-practice' case with the view to sharing the outcome and lessons to encourage collaborative-learning. It seeks to share the outcome and lessons learnt by the Ghana civil service reform with future public service reformers and to contribute to the literature. The paper concludes with an adaptable three-dimensional framework. The framework argues that successful future public service reform (PSR) should consider three broad issues: first, are the 'critical success factors', including wholehearted political leadership commitment; wholehearted bureaucratic leadership commitment; thoughtful synergistic planning/preparation; patience for implementation and evaluation; capacity to convince; neutralise and accommodate reform-phobias and critics; sustainable financial and technical resource availability and conscious nurturing of general public support. Second, is the need for reformers to appreciate the concerns of the public and the civil society scepticism of public 'institutions' and its 'operatives' and finally placing any reform programme in a country-specific context, including understanding its history, culture, politics, economy, sociology, ideology and values. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Civil service reform; Donors; Ghana Civil Service Performance Improvement Programme; International development partners; New public management; Public sector reform	best management practice; bureaucracy; civil service; civil society; leadership; public sector; Africa; Ghana; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84902540275	What works best and when: Accounting for multiple sources of pureselection bias in program evaluations	Jung H., Pirog M.A.	2014	Journal of Policy Analysis and Management	33	3	10.1002/pam.21764	School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, 1315 E. 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States; Indiana University, 1315 E. 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States; Daniel J. Evans School of Public Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States; Sanlam Centre for Public Management and Governance, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa	Jung, H., School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, 1315 E. 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States; Pirog, M.A., Indiana University, 1315 E. 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States, Daniel J. Evans School of Public Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States, Sanlam Centre for Public Management and Governance, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa	Most evaluations are still quasi-experimental and most recent quasi-experimental methodological research has focused on various types of propensity score matching to minimize conventional selection bias on observables. Although these methods create better-matched treatment and comparison groups on observables, the issue of selection on unobservables still looms large. Thus, in the absence of being able to run randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or natural experiments, it is important to understand how well different regression-based estimators perform in terms of minimizing pure selection bias, that is, selection on unobservables. We examine the relative magnitudes of three sources of pure selection bias: heterogeneous response bias, time-invariant individual heterogeneity (fixed effects [FEs]), and intertemporal dependence (autoregressive process of order one [AR(1)]). Because the relative magnitude of each source of pure selection bias may vary in different policy contexts, it is important to understand how well different regression-based estimators handle each source of selection bias. Expanding simulations that have their origins in the work of Heckman, LaLonde, and Smith (), we find that difference-in-differences (DID) using equidistant pre- and postperiods and FEs estimators are less biased and have smaller standard errors in estimating the Treatment on the Treated (TT) than other regression-based estimators. Our data analysis using the Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA) program replicates our simulation findings in estimating the TT. © 2014 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862255906	The results of treatment of children with metastatic Wilms tumours (WT) in an African setting: Do liver metastases have a negative impact on survival?	Aronson D.C., Maharaj A., Sheik-Gafoor M.H., Hadley G.	2012	Pediatric Blood and Cancer	59	2	10.1002/pbc.24080	Department of Paediatric Surgery, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa	Aronson, D.C., Department of Paediatric Surgery, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa; Maharaj, A., Department of Paediatric Surgery, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa; Sheik-Gafoor, M.H., Department of Paediatric Surgery, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa; Hadley, G., Department of Paediatric Surgery, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa	Background: From Africa, where socio-economic circumstances differ from the developed world, there are no data regarding the influence of liver metastases on survival of children with Wilms tumour. Procedure: One hundred fifty new patients with WT were seen between 2002 and 2010, 45 (30%) had metastases at diagnosis. Seven patients had bilateral disease with additional visceral metastases. Nine patients who developed liver metastases during treatment were excluded. The site of metastases and the results of pretreatment biopsies were retrieved. Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy was combined with nutritional resuscitation, and aggressive supportive care. Post-operative treatment was determined by stage and histology. Results: Liver metastases were present in 19 (42%) patients but were the sole metastatic site in only 4 (9%). Overall survival at 5 years was 58.5%. Event Free Survival was 54%. Thirty-three (73%) had favourable histology, nine unfavourable and undetermined in three. No influence of histology on outcome was evident. Three patients had resection of persistent liver metastases. The pattern of metastatic disease had no influence on outcome. Despite aggressive supportive care two patients (4%) died within a week of presentation. Two patients died of chemotoxicity and two of complications following biopsy. Eight patients (17%) were lost to follow-up of whom five were on palliative treatment only. Conclusions: In Africa liver metastases do not appear to worsen the prognosis of children with Stage IV WT. Despite the poor socio-economic circumstances survival is comparable to other countries. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc..	Africa; Liver metastases; Metastatic disease; Prognosis; Wilms tumour	adjuvant chemotherapy; Africa; anaplastic carcinoma; article; cancer palliative therapy; cancer prognosis; cancer staging; cancer survival; child; clinical article; event free survival; female; histology; human; infant; liver metastasis; lung metastasis; male; nephroblastoma; newborn; nutritional support; overall survival; preschool child; priority journal; school child; teratoma; Child; Child, Preschool; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Kidney Neoplasms; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Survival Rate; Wilms Tumor	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907897288	Characterizations of basalt unsaturated polyester laminates under static three-point bending and low-velocity impact loadings	Gideon R.K., Hu H., Wambua P., Gu B.	2014	Polymer Composites	35	11	10.1002/pc.22885	College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China; School of Engineering, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya	Gideon, R.K., College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China; Hu, H., College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China; Wambua, P., School of Engineering, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Gu, B., College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China	This paper reports the responses of basalt unsaturated polyester laminates under static three-point bending loading and low-velocity impact. Three kinds of composite materials, unidirectional (0°), cross-ply (0°/90°) and woven laminates were considered. The laminates were fabricated by layup process and hot pressed under pressure. Static three-point bending tests and low-velocity impact tests were conducted to obtain the force-deflection, force-time, deflection-time, velocity-time, and energy-time curves. The results showed that unidirectional (0°) laminates carried more load during static loading, but in the event of dynamic loading, cross-ply, and woven laminates were more superior. It was observed that the failure of 0° laminates was along the fiber direction while for cross-ply and woven, the damage was localized, around the impacted locations. From the different combinations of unidirectional (0°), cross-ply (0°/90°) and woven lamina, the impact behaviors could be optimized with the lowest area density. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers.	None	Low velocity impact; Three point bending; Unsaturated polyester	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-41149107338	Evaluation of spectrophotometric methods for screening of green rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) and green honeybush (Cyclopia genistoides) extracts for high levels of bio-active compounds	Joubert E., Manley M., Botha M.	2008	Phytochemical Analysis	19	2	10.1002/pca.1033	ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag XI, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	Joubert, E., ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa, Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag XI, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Manley, M., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag XI, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Botha, M., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag XI, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	The potential of UV spectrophotometry and an aluminium chloride (AlCl3) colorimetric method to determine the dihydrochalcone (DHC) and mangiferin contents of green rooibos and honeybush (C. genistoides) extracts, respectively, was investigated. The DHC content of rooibos water extracts, determined using UV spectroscopy, correlated with the sum of the aspalathin and nothofagin contents as quantified using HPLC (r = 0.98). A correlation coefficient of 0.91 was obtained when correlating the mangiferin content of C. genistodies methanol extracts, determined by the AlCl3 colorimetric method, with the results obtained by HPLC. Using the linear equations from the correlations it was possible to predict the DHC and mangiferin contents of extracts from the respective spectrophotometric measurements to a reasonable accuracy as an alternative to HPLC. The total polyphenol (TP) content of rooibos water extracts can also be determined using UV spectrophotometry and aspalathin as a standard (r = 0.99) as an alternative to the Folin-Ciocalteau method. The TP content of rooibos extracts correlated (r = 0.99) with its total antioxidant activity (TAA) as determined with the ABTS radical cation scavenging assay, but the TP content of C. genistoides water extracts is not a good indication of their TAA (r = 0.27). The aspalathin content of rooibos extracts correlated with their TAA (r = 0.96), but the mangiferin content of honeybush water extracts only gave a moderate correlation with their TAA (r = 0.75). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.	Aspalathin; Aspalathus linearis; Cyclopia genistoides; Dihydrochalcone; Honeybush; Mangiferin; Rooibos; Screening methods	aluminum chloride; antioxidant; aspalathin; Aspalathus linearis extract; chalcone derivative; Cyclopia genistoides extract; dihydrochalcone; mangiferin; methanol; natural product; nothofagin; plant extract; polyphenol; unclassified drug; accuracy; antioxidant activity; article; Aspalathus; Aspalathus linearis; colorimetry; correlation analysis; correlation coefficient; Cyclopia genistoides; drug screening; drug structure; high performance liquid chromatography; linear system; prediction; quantitative analysis; scavenging system; ultraviolet spectrophotometry; Aluminum Compounds; Aspalathus; Chalcones; Chlorides; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Colorimetry; Cyclopia Plant; Molecular Structure; Plant Extracts; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Water; Xanthones; Aspalathus linearis; Cyclopia genistoides	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84909961232	Gestational age-adjusted trends and reference intervals of the Modified Myocardial Performance Index (Mod-MPI) and its components, with its interpretation in the context of established cardiac physiological principles	Bhorat I., Bagratee J., Reddy T.	2014	Prenatal Diagnosis	34	11	10.1002/pd.4414	Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Subdepartment of Fetal Medicine, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa; Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa	Bhorat, I., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Subdepartment of Fetal Medicine, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa; Bagratee, J., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Subdepartment of Fetal Medicine, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa; Reddy, T., Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa	Objective: The objective of this study is to establish gestational age-adjusted reference intervals and trends of the modified myocardial performance index (Mod-MPI), isovolumetric contraction time (ICT), isovolumetric relaxation time (IRT), and ejection time (ET) in pregnancy Methods: A cross-sectional study using Doppler echocardiography to determine the Mod-MPI was performed on 419 fetuses from 20 to 38weeks of gestation. Doppler signals of the opening and closing of the mitral and aortic valves were used as landmarks to determine the ICT, IRT, and ET. The Mod-MPI was modeled using fractional polynomials and the exponential-normal model. Results: The Mod-MPI was relatively constant from 20 to 26weeks and thereafter steadily decreased with advancing gestational age. ICT and ET remained constant, whereas IRT decreased with advancing gestation similar to the Mod-MPI. Conclusion: Reference intervals of the Mod-MPI evaluating fetal cardiac function have been established. Maturational and developmental alterations in the myocardial performance in utero resulting in better ventricular compliance is most likely responsible for the decreasing trend of the Mod-MPI noted with advancing gestation. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	None	aorta valve; Article; assessment of humans; cardiovascular parameters; cross-sectional study; Doppler echocardiography; fetal Doppler; fetus; gestational age; heart performance; heart ventricle ejection time; human; isovolumetric contraction time; isovolumetric relaxation time; maternal age; mitral valve; modified myocardial performance index; normal human; priority journal; reference value; echography; female; fetus echography; fetus heart; health status indicator; heart contraction; heart ventricle; physiology; pregnancy; procedures; reference value; second trimester pregnancy; standards; third trimester pregnancy; Aortic Valve; Cross-Sectional Studies; Echocardiography, Doppler; Female; Fetal Heart; Gestational Age; Health Status Indicators; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Myocardial Contraction; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Reference Values; Ultrasonography, Prenatal	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84918586205	Use of the myocardial performance index as a prognostic indicator of adverse fetal outcome in poorly controlled gestational diabetic pregnancies	Bhorat I.E., Bagratee J.S., Pillay M., Reddy T.	2014	Prenatal Diagnosis	34	13	10.1002/pd.4471	Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa	Bhorat, I.E., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Bagratee, J.S., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Pillay, M., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Reddy, T., Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa	What is known about the topic?Fetal complications in gestational diabetes without microvascular complications are related to fetal hyperinsulinism. Our present prenatal surveillance techniques in diabetic pregnancies are neither appropriate nor sufficient as a monitoring tool. Impaired cardiac function in fetuses of diabetic pregnancies has been documented, but no link to adverse outcome has been demonstrated. What this study adds to the topic?This study has established an association between fetal cardiac dysfunction and abnormal fetal outcomes in poorly controlled gestational diabetic pregnancies. There seems to be an association between severity of the myocardial performance index elevation and rates of abnormal outcomes. Myocardial performance index may be an attractive monitoring tool of the fetus in poorly controlled diabetic pregnancy. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether there are any changes in cardiac function in fetuses of poorly controlled gestational diabetics and whether these changes influence perinatal outcome. Methods: Twenty-nine pregnant women with severe gestational diabetes on insulin therapy in the third trimester of pregnancy were recruited and matched with 29 women with normal pregnancies (control group). Using Doppler echocardiography, the modified myocardial performance index (Mod-MPI) and E wave/A wave peak velocities (E/A) ratios were determined. Placental resistance Doppler markers were also determined in both groups. Adverse perinatal outcome was defined as perinatal death, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, cord pH <7.15, 5-min Apgar score <7 and presence of cardiomyopathy. Results: The median Mod-MPI was increased (0.59 vs 0.38; p<0.0001) and the E/A ratio was decreased (0.65 vs 0.76; p<0.0001) in fetuses of diabetic mothers compared with controls. An MPI >0.52 had a sensitivity of 100% [95% confidence interval (CI) 85-100%] and specificity of 92% (95% CI 70-92%) for prediction of adverse perinatal outcome, including one stillbirth and one neonatal death. No abnormal outcomes occurred in the control group. Conclusions: There is significant impairment of cardiac function in fetuses of poorly controlled gestational diabetics. Mod-MPI and E/A ratio have the potential to improve fetal surveillance in diabetic pregnancies. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	None	adult; clinical trial; cross-sectional study; female; fetus heart; heart function test; human; pathophysiology; pregnancy; pregnancy diabetes mellitus; pregnancy outcome; prospective study; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Fetal Heart; Heart Function Tests; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Prospective Studies	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924146495	Determination of the myocardial performance index in deteriorating grades of intrauterine growth restriction and its link to adverse outcomes	Bhorat I.E., Bagratee J.S., Pillay M., Reddy T.	2015	Prenatal Diagnosis	35	3	10.1002/pd.4537	Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa; Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa	Bhorat, I.E., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa; Bagratee, J.S., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa; Pillay, M., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa; Reddy, T., Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa	Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the fetal modified myocardial performance index (Mod-MPI) and E-wave/A-wave peak velocities (E/A ratio) in deteriorating grades of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and its link to adverse outcomes defined as perinatal death, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, neonatal resuscitation, neonatal cord pH <7.15, intraventricular hemorrhage and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Method: Forty three pregnant women with IUGR defined as the abdominal circumference <10th percentile for gestational age and umbilical resistance index >2 standard deviations in the third trimester of pregnancy were matched for gestational age and maternal age with 43 women with appropriate-for-gestational-age fetuses. The IUGR group was subdivided on the basis of multivessel Doppler anomalies into different grades of growth restriction. Mod-MPI and E/A ratio were determined and linked to perinatal outcome. Results: The median Mod-MPI was significantly higher in growth-restricted fetuses compared with controls (0.59 vs 0.37, p<0.001) and increased with severity of IUGR, the classification of which was based on degree of abnormality of the umbilical resistance index, presence of arterial redistribution and degree of abnormality of the ductus venosus (DV) Doppler indices. A cut-off Mod-MPI value of 0.54 conferred a sensitivity of 87% [confidence interval (CI): 66-97%], specificity of 75% (CI: 55-91%) and a likelihood ratio (LR) of 3.47 for an adverse outcome. A cut-off Mod-MPI value of 0.67 conferred a sensitivity of 100% (CI: 54-100%), specificity of 81% (CI: 65-92%) and LR of 5.28 for perinatal death. No abnormal outcomes occurred in controls. In logistic regression analysis, the MPI remained a significant predictor of adverse outcome after adjusting for gestational age of delivery, fetal weight, E/A ratio, maternal age, DV Doppler indices, amniotic fluid index and umbilical artery resistance index [adjusted odds ratio, 95% CI: 2.60 (1.15-5.83), p-value 0.02]. MPI fared significantly better than the E/A ratio as a predictor of adverse outcome (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.94 and 0.76, p<0.001). Conclusion: Fetal myocardial performance deteriorates with severity of growth restriction. There is an association between severity of the MPI elevation and rates of adverse perinatal outcome. The Mod-MPI and E/A ratio have the potential to be integrated into routine surveillance techniques of the growth-restricted fetus. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	None	A wave; abdominal circumference; adverse outcome; Article; brain hemorrhage; cardiovascular parameters; clinical article; controlled study; disease severity; Doppler echocardiography; ductus venosus; female; fetus; heart function; heart performance; human; hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy; intrauterine growth retardation; lung dysplasia; myocardial performance index; perinatal death; pH; pregnant woman; priority journal; real time ultrasound scanner; resuscitation; adult; amnion fluid; case control study; complication; diastole; echography; fetus echography; fetus heart; gestational age; heart left ventricle function; heart ventricle function; intrauterine growth retardation; pregnancy; prematurity; prognosis; second trimester pregnancy; severity of illness index; systole; third trimester pregnancy; umbilical artery; vascularization; Adult; Amniotic Fluid; Case-Control Studies; Diastole; Echocardiography, Doppler; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Fetal Heart; Fetus; Gestational Age; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Premature Birth; Prognosis; Severity of Illness Index; Systole; Ultrasonography, Prenatal; Umbilical Arteries; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left; Ventricular Function; Ventricular Function, Left	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940259267	Structure and properties of a β-nucleated polypropylene impact copolymer	Motsoeneng T.S., van Reenen A.J., Luyt A.S.	2015	Polymer International	64	2	10.1002/pi.4778	Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State (Qwaqwa Campus), Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa; Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Motsoeneng, T.S., Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State (Qwaqwa Campus), Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa; van Reenen, A.J., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Luyt, A.S., Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State (Qwaqwa Campus), Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa	The effect of a β-nucleating agent (β-NA) on the properties and structure of a commercial impact polypropylene copolymer (IPC) was investigated. The effect of selected β-NAs on the impact resistance, stress and strain behaviour of the IPC is reported. In addition, the IPC was fractionated according to crystallinity by preparative temperature rising elution fractionation. Fractions with varying chemical composition and crystallinity were treated with a two-component β-NA to investigate the effect of the β-NA on the various fractions. The results indicate that the efficacy of the β-NA is dependent on the chemical composition of the polymer that crystallises, more specifically on the sequence length of crystallisable propylene units. The effect of the addition of β-NAs on the overall morphology of the IPC was also investigated, and in particular the size and distribution of the rubbery particles in these complex reactor blends were probed. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry.	Impact polypropylene copolymer; Mechanical properties; Thermal stability; β-nucleation	Copolymers; Mechanical properties; Propylene; Thermodynamic stability; Chemical compositions; Impact polypropylene copolymer; Nucleating agents; Polypropylene impact copolymers; Sequence lengths; Stress and strain; Structure and properties; Temperature-rising elution; Polypropylenes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650714156	The effects of spectral evaluation of c-Si modules	Simon M., Meyer E.L.	2011	Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications	19	1	10.1002/pip.973	Fort Hare Institute of Technology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag x1314, Alice 5700, South Africa	Simon, M., Fort Hare Institute of Technology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag x1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Meyer, E.L., Fort Hare Institute of Technology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag x1314, Alice 5700, South Africa	Outdoor spectral measurements in sub-Sahara, South Africa in particular have not been documented probably due to lack of data or lack of proper methodologies for quantifying the spectral effects on photovoltaic performance parameters. Crystalline-Si modules are widely used for system designs in most cases based on the data provided from indoor measurements or from maritime northern hemispheric conditions. As a result of this, PV systems fail to deliver their intended maximum power output. In this study, a methodology for quantifying outdoor spectral effects of c-Si modules commonly found in the African continent is presented. The results of three crystalline-Si modules indicate that these modules are affected as the spectrum shifts during seasons although these devices are perceived (without outdoor data) that their performance is not influenced by the seasonal changes in outdoor spectrum. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	crystalline-Si modules; outdoor spectrum; spectral effects	crystalline-Si modules; Indoor measurement; Maximum power output; outdoor spectrum; Photovoltaic performance; PV system; Seasonal changes; South Africa; Spectral effects; Spectral measurement; Spectrum shifts; System design; Crystalline materials; Silicon; Systems analysis; Photovoltaic effects	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76349122758	Performance measurement: Does education impact productivity?	Larbi-Apau J.A., Sarpong D.B.	2010	Performance Improvement Quarterly	22	4	10.1002/piq.20069	384 College of Education, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States; Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, College of Agriculture and Consumer Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana	Larbi-Apau, J.A., 384 College of Education, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States; Sarpong, D.B., Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, College of Agriculture and Consumer Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana	This study investigated the impact of managers' educational levels on productivity in the commercial poultry industry in Ghana. The level of education of 33 production managers of the poultry farms were factored into a Cobb-Douglas production function with other explanatory variables. The computed percentage change in productivity due to higher education relative to secondary education was 10%. The interaction terms of basic education, experience, and extension visits were positive and not statistically significant. Targeting management education could increase productivity in the commercial poultry industry. Educated managers have a higher propensity to adopt technology and alternative production mix for effectiveness and efficiency. This study concludes that higher educational level had a positive impact on productivity in the commercial poultry industry and should be harnessed for improved performance in the domestic and global market. © 2010 International Society for Performance Improvement.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-44949210275	Impact of the clay organic modifier on the morphology of polymer-clay nanocomposites prepared by in Situ free-radical polymerization in emulsion	Greesh N., Hartmann P.C., Cloete V., Sanderson R.D.	2008	Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry	46	11	10.1002/pola.22701	Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, UNESCO Associated Centre for Macromolecules, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, 7602 Matieland, South Africa	Greesh, N., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, UNESCO Associated Centre for Macromolecules, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, 7602 Matieland, South Africa; Hartmann, P.C., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, UNESCO Associated Centre for Macromolecules, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, 7602 Matieland, South Africa; Cloete, V., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, UNESCO Associated Centre for Macromolecules, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, 7602 Matieland, South Africa; Sanderson, R.D., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, UNESCO Associated Centre for Macromolecules, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, 7602 Matieland, South Africa	Poly(styrene-co-butyl acrylate) copolymers were prepared by free-radical random copolymerization of styrene and butyl acrylate in emulsion in the presence of 10% of surface-modified sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT). The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of the clay organic modifier in terms of its chemical structure, its degree of interaction within the clay galleries surface, and its ability to copolymerize with monomers, on the morphology and properties of the final nanocomposite prepared. Na-MMT was modified using different organic modifiers, namely: sodium 1-allyloxy-2- hydroxypropyl (Cops), 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS), N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA), and sodium 11-methacryloyloxy-unde-can-1-yl sulfate (MET), respectively. The morphology and properties of the nanocomposites obtained were found to be dependant on the clay organic modifier. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy indicated that, nanocomposites at 10% clay loading with Cops-, NIPA-, and MET-modified clays, yielded intercalated to partially exfoliated structures, whereas AMPS-modified clay gave a nanocomposite with a fully exfoliated structure. All polymer-clay nanocomposites were found to be more thermally stable than neat poly(S-co-BA) as were determined by TGA. However, nanocomposites with intercalated structures exhibited greater thermal stability relative to fully exfoliated ones. Furthermore, nanocomposites with exfoliated structures exhibited higher storage moduli (GI) than partially exfoliated once, whereas intercalated structure showed the lowest GI values. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	Emulsion polymerization; Exfoliation; Intercalated; Nanocomposites; Organoclay	Acrylic monomers; Alkali metals; Amides; Barium; Catalyst activity; Chemical properties; Chemical reactions; Chemicals; Cobalt; Cobalt alloys; Cobalt compounds; Copolymerization; Electron microscopes; Electron microscopy; Electron optics; Free radical polymerization; Imaging techniques; Ketones; Microfluidics; Microscopic examination; Monomers; Morphology; Nanocomposites; Nanostructured materials; Polymers; Silicate minerals; Sodium; Sodium sulfate; Styrene; Sulfate minerals; Surface properties; Surfaces; Thermodynamic stability; Transmission electron microscopy; X ray analysis; X ray diffraction analysis; (1 1 0) surface; (ethylene vinyl alcohol) copolymers; (PL) properties; Allyloxy; Butyl acrylate (BuA); chemical structures; Clay loadings; Degree of interaction; Exfoliated structures; Free radical polymerization (FRP); Free-radical; In-situ; Intercalated structures; Modified clays; N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAAm); nano composites; Organic modifiers; Polymer-clay nanocomposites (PCN); Sodium montmorillonite (NaMMT); Storage modulus; thermal stability; X ray diffraction (XRD); Clay minerals	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956123586	Thermal state of permafrost and active-layer monitoring in the antarctic: Advances during the international polar year 2007-2009	Vieira G., Bockheim J., Guglielmin M., Balks M., Abramov A.A., Boelhouwers J., Cannone N., Ganzert L., Gilichinsky D.A., Goryachkin S., López-Martínez J., Meiklejohn I., Raffi R., Ramos M., Schaefer C., Serrano E., Simas F., Sletten R., Wagner D.	2010	Permafrost and Periglacial Processes	21	2	10.1002/ppp.685	University of Lisbon, Institute of Geography and Territorial Planning, Portugal; University of Wisconsin, Soil Science, United States; Insubria University, DBSF, Italy; University of Waikato, Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, New Zealand; IPCABPSS RAS, Soil Cryology, Sweden; Uppsala University, Department of Social and Economic Geography, Sweden; Department of Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, Italy; Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Research Unit Potsdam, Germany; Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geography, Russian Federation; Department of Geology and Geochemistry, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Russian Federation; Rhodes University, Department of Geography, South Africa; Department of Sapienza University, Department of Earth Sciences, Italy; University of Alcala, Department of Physics, Spain; Federal University of Viçosa, Department of Soils, Brazil; University of Valladolid, Department of Geography, Spain; University of Washington, Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, United States	Vieira, G., University of Lisbon, Institute of Geography and Territorial Planning, Portugal; Bockheim, J., University of Wisconsin, Soil Science, United States; Guglielmin, M., Insubria University, DBSF, Italy; Balks, M., University of Waikato, Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, New Zealand; Abramov, A.A., IPCABPSS RAS, Soil Cryology, Sweden; Boelhouwers, J., Uppsala University, Department of Social and Economic Geography, Sweden; Cannone, N., Department of Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, Italy; Ganzert, L., Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Research Unit Potsdam, Germany; Gilichinsky, D.A., IPCABPSS RAS, Soil Cryology, Sweden; Goryachkin, S., Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geography, Russian Federation; López-Martínez, J., Department of Geology and Geochemistry, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Russian Federation; Meiklejohn, I., Rhodes University, Department of Geography, South Africa; Raffi, R., Department of Sapienza University, Department of Earth Sciences, Italy; Ramos, M., University of Alcala, Department of Physics, Spain; Schaefer, C., Federal University of Viçosa, Department of Soils, Brazil; Serrano, E., University of Valladolid, Department of Geography, Spain; Simas, F., Federal University of Viçosa, Department of Soils, Brazil; Sletten, R., University of Washington, Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, United States; Wagner, D., Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Research Unit Potsdam, Germany	Results obtained during the International Polar Year (IPY) on the thermal state of permafrost and the active layer in the Antarctic are presented, forming part of ANTPAS (Antarctic Permafrost and Soils'), which was one of the key projects developed by the International Permafrost Association and the Scientific Committee for Antarctic Research for the IPY. The number of boreholes for permafrost and active-layer monitoring was increased from 21 to 73 during the IPY, while CALM-S sites to monitor the active layer were increased from 18 to 28. Permafrost temperatures during the IPY were slightly below 0°C in the South Shetlands near sea-level, showing that this area is near the climatic boundary of permafrost and has the highest sensitivity to climate change in the region. Permafrost temperatures were much lower in continental Antarctica: from the coast to the interior and with increasing elevation they ranged between - 13.3°C and - 18.6°C in Northern Victoria Land, from - 17.4°C to -22.5°C in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, and down to -23.6°C at high elevation on Mount Fleming (Ross Island). Other monitored regions in continental Antarctica also showed cold permafrost: Queen Maud Land exhibited values down to - 17.8°C on nunataks, while in Novolazar-evskaya (Schirmacher Oasis) at 80 m a.s.l. the permafrost temperature was -8.3°C. The coastal stations of Molodeznaya at Enderby Land showed permafrost temperatures of -9.8°C, Larsemann Hills - Progress Station in the Vestfold Hills region - recorded -8.5°C, and Russkaya in Marie Byrd Land, - 10.4°C. This snapshot obtained during the IPY shows that the range of ground temperatures in the Antarctic is greater than in the Arctic. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Active layer; Antarctica; ANTPAS; IPY; Permafrost temperature	active layer; freeze-thaw cycle; frozen ground; monitoring system; nunatak; patterned ground; periglacial environment; permafrost; polar region; thermal regime; Antarctica; East Antarctica; McMurdo Dry Valleys; Mount Fleming; Queen Maud Land; South Shetland Islands; Victoria Land	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953803547	The feasibility of MS and advanced data processing for monitoring Schistosoma mansoni infection	Balog C.I.A., Alexandrov T., Derks R.J., Hensbergen P.J., van Dam G.J., Tukahebwa E.M., Kabatereine N.B., Thiele H., Vennervald B.J., Mayboroda O.A., Deelder A.M.	2010	Proteomics - Clinical Applications	4	5	10.1002/prca.200900158	Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden, Netherlands; University of Bremen, Center for Industrial Mathematics, Bremen, Germany; Vector Control Division, Ugandan Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda; Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen, Germany; DBL Centre for Health Research and Development, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark	Balog, C.I.A., Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden, Netherlands; Alexandrov, T., University of Bremen, Center for Industrial Mathematics, Bremen, Germany; Derks, R.J., Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden, Netherlands; Hensbergen, P.J., Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden, Netherlands; van Dam, G.J., Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden, Netherlands; Tukahebwa, E.M., Vector Control Division, Ugandan Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda; Kabatereine, N.B., Vector Control Division, Ugandan Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda; Thiele, H., Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen, Germany; Vennervald, B.J., DBL Centre for Health Research and Development, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Mayboroda, O.A., Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden, Netherlands; Deelder, A.M., Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden, Netherlands	Purpose: Sensitive diagnosis, monitoring of disease progression and the evaluation of chemotherapeutic interventions are of prime importance for the improvement of control and prevention strategies for Schistosomiasis. The aim of the present study was to identify novel markers of Schistosoma mansoni infection and disease using urine samples from a large cohort from an area endemic for S. mansoni. Experimental design: Urine samples were collected and processed on an automated sample clean-up and fractionation system combining strong cation exchange and reversed phase, and analyzed by MS (MALDI ToF MS). The ClinPro Tools™ (CPT) software and the Discrete Wavelet Transformation-Support Vector Machine (DWT-SVM) procedure were used for classification and statistical analysis. Results: We observed a large difference in urinary peptide profiles between children and adults but classification based on infection was possible only for children. Here, in the external validation data set, 93% of the infected children were classified correctly with DWTSVM (versus 76% for CPT). In addition 91% of low-infected children were classified correctly using DWT-SVM (versus 85% for CPT). The discriminating peptides were identified as fragments of collagen 1A1 and 1A3, and uromodulin. Conclusions and clinical relevance: In conclusion, we provide the usefulness of a peptidomics profiling approach combined with DWT-SVM in the monitoring of S. mansoni infection.	Discrete Wavelet Transformation-Support Vector machine; Infection markers; MS; Schistosoma mansoni; Urinary peptidomics	collagen; collagen 1A1; collagen 1A3; Tamm Horsfall glycoprotein; unclassified drug; adolescent; article; child; cohort analysis; endemic disease; female; human; major clinical study; male; matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry; peptidomics; priority journal; protein urine level; Schistosoma mansoni; schistosomiasis mansoni; school child; support vector machine; Adolescent; Adult; Antigens, Helminth; Biological Markers; Child; Feasibility Studies; Feces; Glycoproteins; Helminth Proteins; Humans; Peptides; Proteomics; Schistosomiasis mansoni; Software; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Schistosoma mansoni	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84890198153	Comparative lung function performance of stroke survivors and age-matched and sex-matched controls	Ezeugwu V.E., Olaogun M., Mbada C.E., Adedoyin R.	2013	Physiotherapy Research International	18	4	10.1002/pri.1547	University of Abuja Teaching Hospital - Physiotherapy, Phase 3 Gwagwalada, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, 900001, Nigeria; Obafemi Awolowo University - Medical Rehabilitation, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria	Ezeugwu, V.E., University of Abuja Teaching Hospital - Physiotherapy, Phase 3 Gwagwalada, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, 900001, Nigeria; Olaogun, M., Obafemi Awolowo University - Medical Rehabilitation, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria; Mbada, C.E., Obafemi Awolowo University - Medical Rehabilitation, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria; Adedoyin, R., Obafemi Awolowo University - Medical Rehabilitation, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria	Background and Purpose: Reduced endurance and excessive fatigue in stroke survivors (SS) during exercise may be linked to impairment of lung function and breathing mechanics, but little is known about lung function of SS. The purpose of this study is to determine lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1second [FEV1], forced vital capacity [FVC], FEV1/FVC ratio and peak expiratory flow [PEF]) and influence of anthropometrics on lung function in SS compared with healthy controls (CG). Methods: In this case-control, cross-sectional study, we recruited 70 participants (42 males, 28 females), comprising 35 SS and 35 CG (range 34-73years). Anthropometrics were measured using standard instruments and procedure. Chest excursion was measured at the axilla, xiphoid and lower costal levels. Lung function indices were measured using a micro-computerized spirometer. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics and Research Committee of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Results/Findings: Compared with the CG, the SS had significantly lower values for FEV1 (1.99±0.66 vs. 2.36±0.45L, p=0.004), FVC (2.55±0.70 vs. 2.90±0.54L, p=0.014), PEF (3.88±1.38 vs. 5.24±1.30Lsecond-1, p=0.001) and chest excursion (3.0±0.71 vs. 3.5±0.91 cm, p=0.018). Correlations between chest excursion, FEV1, FVC and PEF were not significant (p&gt;0.05). Discussion: The weakness of respiratory muscles associated with stroke may have contributed to decreases in lung function observed. There was a significant reduction in chest excursion of SS compared with CG. Chest excursion has been used as an indicator of respiratory muscle function because the range of motion of the thorax serves the respiration. Movements of the thorax influence the content of the thorax cavity, leading to alterations in lung volumes. Implications for Physiotherapy Practice: Stroke survivors have lower lung function when compared with CG; this has implications for clinicians in stroke rehabilitation, underscoring the importance for inclusion of interventions to improve lung function. © 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.	Lung function; Spirometry; Stroke survivors	adult; aged; article; breathing mechanics; case control study; cerebrovascular accident; cross-sectional study; forced expiratory volume; human; lung; lung function; lung function test; male; middle aged; pathophysiology; peak expiratory flow; physiology; spirometry; stroke survivors; survivor; thoracic cavity; vital capacity; lung function; spirometry; stroke survivors; Adult; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Forced Expiratory Volume; Humans; Lung; Male; Middle Aged; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; Respiratory Function Tests; Respiratory Mechanics; Stroke; Survivors; Thoracic Cavity; Vital Capacity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33751107960	In vitro evaluation of effects of two ghanaian plants relevant to wound healing	Mensah A.Y., Houghton P.J., Dickson R.A., Fleischer T.C., Heinrich M., Bremner P.	2006	Phytotherapy Research	20	11	10.1002/ptr.1978	Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmacy, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom; Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29/39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom	Mensah, A.Y., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Houghton, P.J., Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmacy, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom; Dickson, R.A., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Fleischer, T.C., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Heinrich, M., Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29/39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom; Bremner, P., Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29/39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom	Commelina diffusa and Spathodea campanulata are used as wound-healing agents in Ashanti traditional medicine in Ghana. The methanol extracts of Commelina diffusa herb and Spathodea campanulata bark showed some level of antimicrobial activity with C. diffusa exhibiting selective antifungal activity against Trichophyton species. The extracts reduced the peroxidation of bovine brain extract with an IC50 value of 1.39 mg/mL and 0.24 mg/mL, respectively. In addition the extracts also exhibited significant antioxidant activity by protecting MRC-5 cells from hydrogen peroxide induced oxidant injury at concentrations between 1 μg/mL and 10 μg/mL. The extracts showed no inhibition of NF-κB at 100 μg/mL. The antioxidant activities and antimicrobial activities suggest that the use of the plants in wound healing may be based on antioxidant and antiseptic effects of its constituents. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.	Bacteria; Commelina diffusa; Lipid peroxidation; Ringworm fungi; Spathodea campanulata; Wound healing	brain extract; hydrogen peroxide; immunoglobulin enhancer binding protein; plant extract; antifungal activity; antimicrobial activity; antioxidant activity; article; bark; cell line; Commelina; controlled study; Ghana; IC 50; in vitro study; nonhuman; peroxidation; Trichophyton; wound healing; Animals; Antioxidants; Bacteria; Bignoniaceae; Brain; Cattle; Cells, Cultured; Commelina; Fungi; Hydrogen Peroxide; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Methanol; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Wound Healing; Wounds and Injuries; Bos taurus; Commelina diffusa; Fungi; Spathodea campanulata; Trichophyton	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34248195150	The design and evaluation of placebo material for crude herbals: Artemisia afra herb as a model	Dube A., Manthata L.N., Syce J.A.	2007	Phytotherapy Research	21	5	10.1002/ptr.2084	School of Pharmacy, South African Herbal Science and Medicines Institute (SAHSMI), University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa	Dube, A., School of Pharmacy, South African Herbal Science and Medicines Institute (SAHSMI), University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Manthata, L.N., School of Pharmacy, South African Herbal Science and Medicines Institute (SAHSMI), University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Syce, J.A., School of Pharmacy, South African Herbal Science and Medicines Institute (SAHSMI), University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa	Herbal materials are known to present significant challenges with regard to designing credible placebos. This study intended to demonstrate the possibility of designing placebo material for crude herbals and used Artemisia afra, a popular traditional herbal medicine in South Africa, as a model. To produce the placebo, step-wise solvent extractions were conducted on the plant leaves and the process was monitored spectrophotometrically and using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection. The odour and taste between the placebo and A. afra was matched by inclusion of linalool and sodium saccharin, respectively. The muscle relaxant activity of the placebo was evaluated using an isolated guinea-pig tracheal muscle preparation. The UV absorbance of the extracts and the HPLC chromatograms, showed that most of the phytochemical constituents had been removed and the placebo closely resembled the A. afra leaves. The EC50 of the placebo and the leaves were 4846.00 and 68.49 mg/mL, respectively, which showed that not only did the A. afra leaves possess muscle relaxant activity, but that the placebo did not possess any significant activity compared with the A. afra leaves (p value 0.0001). These results demonstrated that it is possible to design credible, pharmacologically inert placebo material for crude herbals. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.	Artemisia afra; Crude herbal material; Herbal placebo design; HPLC; Muscle relaxant activity; Solvent extraction	herbaceous agent; placebo; plant medicinal product; animal experiment; animal tissue; Artemisia; article; controlled study; diode; female; guinea pig; high performance liquid chromatography; male; muscle relaxation; nonhuman; odor; plant leaf; solvent extraction; South Africa; spectrophotometer; taste; trachea muscle; ultraviolet radiation; Animals; Artemisia; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Guinea Pigs; Medicine, Herbal; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Odors; Placebos; Plant Preparations; Taste; Trachea; Artemisia afra; Cavia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649399126	Evaluation of in vivo antihypertensive and in vitro vasodepressor activities of the leaf extract of syzygium guineense (willd) D.C.	Ayele Y., Urga K., Engidawork E.	2010	Phytotherapy Research	24	10	10.1002/ptr.3141	Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Drug Research, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Ethiopia	Ayele, Y., Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Urga, K., Department of Drug Research, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Ethiopia; Engidawork, E., Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	The aim of this work was to evaluate the antihypertensive activity of the hydroalcohol extract of the leaves of Syzygium guineense (Willd) D.C. (Myrtaceae) in a 1-kidney-1-clip rat model and its vasorelaxant effect on isolated aorta. The extract reduced blood pressure in a dose and time dependent fashion. Following 3 days of treatment, single oral daily doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg caused an overall reduction (p &lt; 0.05) of systolic blood pressure by 6.9, 34.0 and 40.8 mmHg, respectively. The diastolic blood pressure was, however, significantly reduced (p &lt; 0.05) by 100 mg/kg (10.3 mmHg) and 150 mg/kg (18.4 mmHg) doses only. The mean blood pressure was reduced by 5.0, 18.3 and 25.9 mmHg by the respective doses. The extract also caused a dose-dependent relaxation of aorta precontracted with KCl at a concentration of 5-70 mg/mL, with a maximum relaxation of 56.22% achieved at 70 mg/mL concentration. The relaxation mechanism was found to be independent of the endothelium system, muscarinic receptors, histamine receptors, ATP dependent K+ channels, cyclooxygenase enzymes and cGMP/NO pathway. The findings suggest that the extract had an antihypertensive effect most likely caused by dilation of the blood vessels, a confirmation for the folkloric use of the plant. © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.	1K1C rat model; antihypertensive; hydroalcohol extract; Syzyguim guineense; vasorelaxation	adenosine triphosphate sensitive potassium channel; antihypertensive agent; cyclic GMP; histamine receptor; muscarinic receptor; nitric oxide; plant extract; prostaglandin synthase; Syzygium guineense extract; unclassified drug; vasodilator agent; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antihypertensive activity; aorta; article; blood pressure regulation; diastolic blood pressure; dose response; female; in vitro study; in vivo study; male; mean arterial pressure; Myrtaceae; nonhuman; plant leaf; rat; reticuloendothelial system; systolic blood pressure; Syzygium guineense; vasodilatation; Angiosperms; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Aorta; Blood Pressure; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Guinea Pigs; Male; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Vasodilation; Vasodilator Agents; Myrtaceae; Rattus; Syzygium guineense	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051693441	Evaluation of the antipeptic ulcer activity of the leaf extract of Plantago lanceolata L. in rodents	Melese E., Asres K., Asad M., Engidawork E.	2011	Phytotherapy Research	25	8	10.1002/ptr.3411	Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, King George VI Street, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia	Melese, E., Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, King George VI Street, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Asres, K., Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; Asad, M., Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, King George VI Street, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Engidawork, E., Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, King George VI Street, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	The effect of the leaf extract of Plantago lanceolata L. (Plantaginaceae) on gastric secretion and cytoprotection was evaluated using different models of gastroduodenal ulcer, including acetic acid induced chronic gastric ulcer, indomethacin induced gastric ulcer, cysteamine induced duodenal ulcer and pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcer. The aqueous extract was administered at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg and 140 mg/kg and 280 mg/kg for mice and rats, respectively, and compared with vehicle or the standard, ranitidine (50 or 70 mg/kg) or misopristol (280 μg/kg). In addition, activity of the mucilage (172 mg/kg) was also evaluated in acetic acid induced chronic gastric ulcer. Administration was done orally except in pylorus ligation, where the intraduodenal route was used. In all cases, higher doses of the extract provided better protection than lower doses and the mucilage, hinting at a dose-dependent effect. Whilst higher doses of the extract showed a better healing of the ulcer as well as protection in indomethacin and pylorus ligation models, activities of lesser magnitude than ranitidine were noted in the cysteamine model. Together these findings indicate that higher doses used in the present study provided an overall better protection against gastroduodenal ulcers than the standard drugs employed through antisecretory and cytoprotective mechanisms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	antisecretory; antiulcer; cytoprotection; Plantago lanceolata; rodents	acetic acid; antiulcer agent; indometacin; mercaptamine; misoprostol; mucilage extract; plant extract; Plantago lanceolata extract; ranitidine; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; antiulcer activity; article; cell protection; controlled study; dose response; drug activity; drug dose comparison; drug efficacy; duodenum ulcer; female; male; mouse; mucilage; nonhuman; plant leaf; Plantago; plantago lanceolata; pylorus ligation; rat; stomach secretion; stomach ulcer; treatment outcome; Acetic Acid; Animals; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Cysteamine; Disease Models, Animal; Duodenal Ulcer; Ethiopia; Female; Male; Mice; Peptic Ulcer; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plantago; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Mus; Plantaginaceae; Plantago lanceolata; Rattus; Rodentia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876296210	Biochemical and haematological evaluation of repeated dose exposure of male wistar rats to an ethanolic extract of artemisia annua	Eteng M.U., Abolaji A.O., Ebong P.E., Brisibe E.A., Dar A., Kabir N., Iqbal Choudhary M.	2013	Phytotherapy Research	27	4	10.1002/ptr.4758	Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria; Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences	Eteng, M.U., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria; Abolaji, A.O., Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Ebong, P.E., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria; Brisibe, E.A., Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Dar, A., Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Kabir, N., Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Iqbal Choudhary, M., Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan	Artemisia annua is widely used for the treatment of malaria and other disorders. In a previous study, the artemisinin concentration in the dry leaves of A. annua grown under humid tropical conditions was determined to be 1.098% using reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. In the current study, biochemical and haematological evaluations of ethanolic leaf extracts derived from such plants (EAA) were carried out in 20 male Wistar rats. Rats were divided into four study groups of saline-treated (control) and test groups exposed orally to graded doses of EAA for 28 days. The results showed that the liver function and haematological indices, and testosterone levels were not adversely affected. High density lipoprotein -cholesterol was reduced at 100 mg/kg of EAA, atherogenic index as well as low density lipoprotein -cholesterol was raised, and glucose concentration was reduced significantly at the 100 and 200 mg/kg of EAA (p < 0.05). In addition to serving as a possible antidiabetic agent, EAA may not predispose users to hepatotoxicity, haematotoxicity and testicular toxicity. However, due to the possible risk of atherosclerosis, we advise that the plant extract should be taken with caution in people with atherosclerotic condition. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	antidiabetic agent; Artemisia annua; haematotoxicity; hepatotoxicity; testicular toxicity	alcohol; antidiabetic agent; Artemisia annua extract; glucose; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; sodium chloride; testosterone; animal experiment; animal tissue; Artemisia annua; article; atherogenic index; atherosclerosis; biochemistry; blood examination; blood toxicity; cardiovascular parameters; controlled study; drug dose comparison; drug isolation; drug safety; drug screening; glucose blood level; hematological parameters; liver function; liver toxicity; male; nonhuman; plant leaf; rat; repeated drug dose; reproductive toxicity; testicular toxicity; testosterone blood level; treatment duration; Animals; Artemisia annua; Biological Markers; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Liver; Male; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Testis; Testosterone; Toxicity Tests, Subacute; Artemisia annua; Rattus; Rattus norvegicus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77949389638	Rain drop size distribution variability and impact on X-band polarimetric radar retrieval: Results from the AMMA campaign in Benin	Gosset M., Zahirib E.-P., Moumounic S.	2010	Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society	136	SUPPL. 1	10.1002/qj.556	Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire d'Etude des Transferts en Hydrologie et Environement (LTHE), Toulouse, France; Université Cocody, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, Cote d'Ivoire; Université Abomey Calavi (UAC), Bénin, South Africa	Gosset, M., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire d'Etude des Transferts en Hydrologie et Environement (LTHE), Toulouse, France; Zahirib, E.-P., Université Cocody, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, Cote d'Ivoire; Moumounic, S., Université Abomey Calavi (UAC), Bénin, South Africa	During the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) field campaign, polarimetric weather radars, a rain-gauge network and disdrometers were available to analyse the convective systems and the rainfall in Benin. In this paper a three-year dataset of drop size distributions is used to compute theoretical relationships between X-band polarimetric variables and the rain rate, adjusted for the region of interest. The variability of these relationships from storm to storm and between rain types is studied. With an X-band polarimetric radar the rain rate can be retrieved from the differential specific phase shift K DP, the specific attenuation AH, the reflectivity Z or differential reflectivity ZDR corrected for attenuation, or a combination of these variables. The set of coefficients needed to run the rain retrieval or the attenuation correction schemes under the conditions found in Benin are computed. The rain retrieval schemes are compared on the basis of simulations. The retrievals based on one single propagative variable like K DP or A H perform well. Preliminary results from direct comparisons between X-band polarimetric radar estimates and rain-gauges are consistent with the disdrometer-based analysis. © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society.	Microphysics; Tropical rain	Attenuation ,; Attenuation correction; Convective systems; Data sets; Differential reflectivity; Disdrometers; Drop size distribution; Field campaign; Gauge network; Microphysics; Multi-disciplinary analysis; Polarimetric radars; Polarimetric variable; Rain drop size; Rain rates; Rain retrieval; Rain type; Region of interest; Specific attenuation; Tropical rain; Weather radars; Dynamic positioning; Gages; Image segmentation; Meteorological radar; Percolation (solid state); Physics; Polarimeters; Polarographic analysis; Radar; Reflection; Size distribution; Storms; Rain; convective system; data set; precipitation assessment; precipitation intensity; radar; raindrop; rainfall; raingauge; size distribution; theoretical study; weather station; Benin [West Africa]	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930182591	Improved phase i control charts for monitoring times between events	Kumar N., Chakraborti S.	2015	Quality and Reliability Engineering International	31	4	10.1002/qre.1623	Department of Statistics, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa; Department of Information Systems, Statistics and Management Science, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States	Kumar, N., Department of Statistics, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa; Chakraborti, S., Department of Information Systems, Statistics and Management Science, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States	In many situations, the times between certain events are observed and monitored instead of the number of events particularly when the events occur rarely. In this case, it is common to assume that the times between events follow an exponential distribution. Control charts are one of the main tools of statistical process control and monitoring. Control charts are used in phase I to assist operating personnel in bringing the process into a state of statistical control. In this paper, phase I control charts are considered for the observations from an exponential distribution with an unknown mean. A simulation study is carried out to compare the in-control robustness and out-of-control performance of the proposed chart. It is seen that the proposed charts are considerably more in-control robust than two competing charts and have comparable out-of-control properties. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Dixon's statistic; exponential distribution; in-control robustness; performance; phase I and phase II control charts; time between events	Control charts; Flowcharting; Graphic methods; Robustness (control systems); Statistical process control; Exponential distributions; In-control; performance; Phase II; Time-between-events; Process control	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930181776	Graphical evaluation of the prediction capabilities of partially replicated orthogonal central composite designs	Ukaegbu E.C., Chigbu P.E.	2015	Quality and Reliability Engineering International	31	4	10.1002/qre.1630	Department of Statistics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Ukaegbu, E.C., Department of Statistics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Chigbu, P.E., Department of Statistics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	In this work, the performances of the partially replicated-cube and -star (axial) portions of orthogonal central composite designs (CCD) in spherical regions are studied. The replication of the cube and star portions of the CCD without replicating the centre point for k=3, 4, 5 and 6 number of factors is the main focus. The interest is to evaluate the performance of the CCD with respect to the stability, small prediction variance and prediction capability, when replication is at other points away from the centre of the design. The variance dispersion graphs and fraction of design space plots are the two graphical techniques used while D- and G-efficiencies are the single-value optimality criteria utilized in the assessment. The results show that replicating the star portions of the CCD considerably reduces the prediction variance, thereby improving the G-efficiency in the spherical region and, therefore, recommended for prediction with precision and with smaller number of runs than replicating the cube. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	axial distance; centre point; cube; fraction of design space plots; scaled prediction variance; spherical region; variance dispersion graphs	Design; Dispersions; Geometry; Spheres; Stars; Axial distance; centre point; cube; Fraction of design space plots; Scaled Prediction Variance; spherical region; Variance dispersion graph; Forecasting	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893601456	Speciation of [PtIVCl6nBrn]2- (n = 0-6) and some of their mono-aquated [PtIVCl5-nBr n(H2O)]- (n = 0-5) anions in solution at low concentrations by means of ion-pairing reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ion	Van Wyk P.-H., Van Dyk J.B., Gerber W.J., Stander M., De Villiers A., Koch K.R.	2014	Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry	28	5	10.1002/rcm.6798	Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Central Analytical Facility, Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Van Wyk, P.-H., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Van Dyk, J.B., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Gerber, W.J., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Stander, M., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa, Central Analytical Facility, Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; De Villiers, A., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Koch, K.R., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	RATIONALE The speciation of the purely inorganic [PtCl6-nBr n]2- (n = 0-6) anions and their corresponding mono-aquated [PtCl5-nBrn(H2O)]- (n = 0-5) anions is of considerable importance to the precious metal refining and recycling industry, to ensure optimum recovery and separation efficiencies. Speciation of platinum complexes present in precursor solutions used for the preparation of precious metal nano-crystals of defined size and morphology appears also to be important. The various possible PtIV complex anions in dilute aqueous can be characterized using ion-pairing reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-Q-TOFMS). METHODS Ion-pairing reversed-phase ultra-high-performance LC separation of the PtIV complex anions present in aqueous solutions prior to detection by means of high-resolution ESI-Q-TOFMS using a low ESI source cone voltage (5 V) allows for the clear identification of all the platinum complexes from the characteristic pattern of fragment ions (m/z), presumably generated by 'reductive conversion' in the ESI source of the mass spectrometer. Sufficient chromatographic resolution for the series of PtIV complexes is achieved using the (n-butyl) 3NH+ ion generated in a formic acid/water/methanol (pH ~3.5) mobile phase. This mobile phase composition facilitates a low-background for optimal ESI-Q-TOFMS detection with enhanced sensitivity. RESULTS Direct-infusion mass spectrometry of the inorganic platinum complexes in aqueous solution is impractical due to their low volatility, but more importantly as a result of the very extensive series of fragment ions generated in the ESI source, which leads to virtually uninterpretable mass spectra. However, with prior separation, and by using low ESI cone voltages (5 V), the mass spectra of the separated analyte ions show simpler and systematic fragmentation patterns [PtIVX5]- → [PtIIIX 4]- → [PtIIX3]- → [PtIX2]- (X = Cl- and Br -), resulting in clear assignments. This methodology facilitates the characterization of the partially aquated [PtCl5-nBr n(H2O)]- (n = 0-5) anions derived from the homo- and heteroleptic [PtCl6-nBrn]2- (n = 0-6) anions, in equilibrated solutions at low concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Speciation of homo- and heteroleptic [PtCl6-nBrn]2- (n = 0-6) anions, together with some of their partially aquated [PtCl 5-nBrn(H2O)]- (n = 0-5) species in dilute solution, can successfully be carried out by means of prior ion-pairing reversed-phase LC separation coupled to high-resolution ESI-Q-TOFMS at low ESI cone-voltage settings. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84885909949	Life history does matter in assessing potential ecological impacts of thermal changes on aquatic macroinvertebrates	Rivers-Moore N.A., Dallas H.F., Ross-Gillespie V.	2013	River Research and Applications	29	9	10.1002/rra.2600	Discipline of Hydrology, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa; Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; Freshwater Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa	Rivers-Moore, N.A., Discipline of Hydrology, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa; Dallas, H.F., Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; Ross-Gillespie, V., Freshwater Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa	Thermal alteration is associated with ecological change in freshwater systems. Global climate change is likely to amplify thermal stresses on aquatic systems. We used cumulative daily heat units to examine potential impacts of temperature changes on selected aquatic organisms using scenario analyses. We selected two species of aquatic macroinvertebrates to test our hypotheses of thermal effects on life history pattern, viz. a univoltine stenothermic ephemeropteran species of conservation importance, and a multivoltine dipteran pest species. A combination of spreadsheet probability and logistic regression models was used to model probabilities of hatching and breeding success, plus population sizes and generation numbers per month, under current and projected 2°C warmer water temperature scenarios. We propose that cold-adapted Gondwanaland relic species are likely to become increasingly vulnerable and range limited, whereas multivoltine pest species are likely to become more abundant under scenarios of increased water temperatures. We propose management options that include maintaining river connectivity and dam re-operation as potential mitigation measures. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Climate change; Lestagella penicillata; Multivoltine; Simulium chutteri; Univoltine	climate change; climate effect; ecological impact; global climate; hatching; insect; life history; macroinvertebrate; reproductive success; Diptera; Ephemeroptera; Penicillata; Simulium chutteri	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900853903	Subtitles and eye tracking: Reading and performance	Kruger J.-L., Steyn F.	2014	Reading Research Quarterly	49	1	10.1002/rrq.59	School of Languages, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa; Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Statistical Consultation Services, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Kruger, J.-L., School of Languages, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Steyn, F., Statistical Consultation Services, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	This article presents an experimental study to investigate whether subtitle reading has a positive impact on academic performance. In the absence of reliable indexes of reading behavior in dynamic texts, the article first formulates and validates an index to measure the reading of text, such as subtitles on film. Eye-tracking measures (fixations and saccades) are expressed as functions of the number of standard words and word length and provide a reliable index of reading behavior of subtitles over extended audiovisual texts. By providing a robust index of reading over dynamic texts, this article lays the foundation for future studies combining behavioral measures and performance measures in fields such as media psychology, educational psychology, multimedia design, and audiovisual translation. The article then utilizes this index to correlate the degree to which subtitles are read and the performance of students who were exposed to the subtitles in a comprehension test. It is found that a significant positive correlation is obtained between comprehension and subtitle reading for the sample, providing some evidence in favor of using subtitles in reading instruction and language learning. The study, which was conducted in the context of English subtitles on academic lectures delivered in English, further seems to indicate that the number of words and the number of lines do not play as big a role in the processing of subtitles as previously thought but that attention distribution across different redundant sources of information results in the partial processing of subtitles. © 2013 International Reading Association.	None	None	None
WoS	WOS:000248879800001	Predicted impact of HIV/AIDS on improved fallow adoption and rural household food security in Malawi	Hildebrand, P. E.,Kwesigal, F.,Thangata, P. H.	2007	SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT	15	4	10.1002/sd.323	Florida State University System, University of Florida, Forum Agr Res Agr Res Africa FARA, SADC Secretariat	None	Research was conducted to assess the impact of HIV/AIDS on improved fallow adoption and rural household food security in Malawi. An ethnographic linear programming model was created for a representative household with three scenarios: no illness, adult female illness and adult male illness. Results show that the impact of HIV/AIDS on food production depends on the patient's gender. If a male head of household is sick and later dies, available field labour is reduced as family members are expected to care for him and, consequently, less food and cash crops are produced, which creates a food insecure household. However, when a woman is sick and later dies, the effect on male labour is not as great, as males are not care-givers. We conclude that in an HIV/AIDS environment, agroforestry adoption is more feasible in households in which available labour is undisrupted for longer periods of time. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.	Africa,AGROFORESTRY,HIV/AIDS,"IMPROVED FALLOWS",MALAWI,"Rural food security",SMALLHOLDER,AGROFORESTRY,CONSERVATION,FARMERS,HIGHLANDS,PROGRAMS,SOIL,TANZANIA	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350149861	Sustainable production and the performance of South African entrepreneurs in a global supply chain. The case of South African table grape producers	Ras P.J., Vermeulen W.J.V.	2009	Sustainable Development	17	5	10.1002/sd.427	Department of Management and Entrepreneurship, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa; Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, Utrecht University, Netherlands	Ras, P.J., Department of Management and Entrepreneurship, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa; Vermeulen, W.J.V., Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, Utrecht University, Netherlands	Global trade is strongly growing and becoming connected to the issue of sustainable development in business practices. In recent years this has resulted in businesses on the demand side formulating sets of requirements for suppliers on their performance on corporate social responsibility and sustainable production. In doing this, value systems of the industrialized world are forwarded towards developing countries. It is seen as a way to complement poor sustainability policies on practices in these countries. This relatively new phenomenon of promoting sustainable development through market interactions is quite remarkable. Why would economic actors take up such public interests (abating environmental degradation and social injustice)? From the perspective of developing countries on the supply side of global value chains, being able to commit to such business-to-business standards requires developing world producers to possess certain qualities and capacities. This article reflects on this issue, identifying essential capacities, drawn from literature on (sustainable) entrepreneurship. It develops a model explaining business performance with characteristics of entrepreneurship. The model is tested in practice using data on exporters of table grapes in South Africa. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.	Economic sustainability; Entrepreneurship; Global supply chain; Sustainability	agricultural market; developing world; entrepreneur; export; fruit production; global trade; industrial performance; sustainability; sustainable development; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Vitaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646249415	Performance of hardcoded finite automata	Ngassam E.K., Kourie D.G., Watson B.W.	2006	Software - Practice and Experience	36	5	10.1002/spe.708	School of Computing, University of South Africa, Pretoria 0003, South Africa; Fastar Research Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; School of Computing, University of South Africa, UNISA, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria 0003, South Africa	Ngassam, E.K., School of Computing, University of South Africa, Pretoria 0003, South Africa, School of Computing, University of South Africa, UNISA, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria 0003, South Africa; Kourie, D.G., Fastar Research Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Watson, B.W., Fastar Research Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	We study the performance of a hardcoded algorithm for recognizing strings of a finite automaton's language and compare it with the use of the more conventional table-driven algorithm. In both cases, performance depends on the finite automaton's dimensions such as alphabet size and the number of states. However, the respective processing mechanisms that influence the performance, in particular cache memory usage, depend on the details of the processor's underlying architecture. In the hardcoded case, the automaton's dimensions determine the size of the code which is, in turn, the primary determinant of the way in which cache memory is used. In the table-driven case, cache memory usage is primarily determined by the way in which portions of the transition table are stored in it. Using statistical regression analysis, we provide multivariate equations to model the observed time efficiency of both methods. The equations obtained are cross-compared and conclusions are drawn. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Cache memory; Finite automata; Hardcoding; Performance; Regression analysis	Algorithms; Cache memory; Codes (symbols); Computer architecture; Information technology; Regression analysis; Statistical methods; Hardcoding; Multivariate equations; Processing mechanisms; Table-driven algorithms; Finite automata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84935748546	Evaluation of new cassava varieties for adhesive properties	John Olusola A., Babatunde Adebiyi O., Riyaad K.	2015	Starch/Staerke	67	08-Jul	10.1002/star.201400239	Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago; Department of Food Science and Technology, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria	John Olusola, A., Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, Department of Food Science and Technology, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria; Babatunde Adebiyi, O., Department of Food Science and Technology, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria; Riyaad, K., Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago	Cassava varieties: Red stick, Butter stick, Maracas Black stick, and M Col 22 were evaluated for pulp yield, starch yield, amylose, and protein contents in a screening exercise of new cassava varieties. Starch content of the tubers was determined. Starch was extracted from freshly harvested nine-month-old tubers using standard method. The starch paste was air dried before final drying at 50°C for 8-h in an oven. Amylose and protein contents of the starch were determined by approved methods. Adhesive was made by heating 10% starch slurry in 0.1-M KOH solution to 70 and 80°C, respectively. Color, pH, viscosities, adhesive force, adhesiveness, stickiness, and storage properties of the adhesives were determined. Pulp yields (74.1-83.1%), starch yields (11.8-20.3%); starch amylose (23.5-26.5%) and protein contents (0.34-0.82%) of cassava tubers differed. Also peak viscosity (297-393 RVU), breakdown viscosity (195-263 RVU), and set back viscosity (43-52 RVU) of the starches were significantly different. Similarly the adhesive force (-77 to -146 and adhesiveness (-1952-gs to -3075-gs) varied significantly. Adhesive from variety M Col 22 resolved into two fractions at two weeks of storage and completely broke down by week three. Pastes produced at 80°C were less viscous, had lower adhesiveness and adhesive force and were darker than pastes produced at 70°C. Storage reduced the adhesive force and adhesiveness of the adhesives. The adhesive pastes were alkaline (pH10.69-11.58). The Maracas Black Stick and Butter Stick varieties produced the best adhesives in terms of stickiness and resistance to degradation than the other two varieties. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.	Adhesive; Cassava; Properties; Starch	Adhesives; Alkalinity; Cyclodextrins; Plants (botany); Proteins; Screening; Starch; Viscosity; Adhesive properties; Breakdown viscosity; Cassava; Cassava varieties; Peak viscosities; Properties; Protein contents; Storage properties; Adhesive pastes; Manihot esculenta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-65249119293	Modelling a buffered impact damper system using a spring-damper model of impact	Lil K., Darby A.P.	2009	Structural Control and Health Monitoring	16	3	10.1002/stc.238	Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom	Lil, K., Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Darby, A.P., Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom	This paper presents a simple, practical method of modelling non-destructive impacts macroscopically, where the impact force and post-impact motion of the impacting bodies are of primary concern. The main focus is use of the model for simulating the dynamics of impact dampers used to control the response complex structures. A spring-damper pair is used to model the contact surface between the damper mass and the structure. The key to such a model is the ability to define the contact surface spring stiffness and damping parameters, which does not relate to simple mechanical properties under high-rate loading. A method is developed to derive these parameters by making use of experimentally measured coefficient of restitution and contact time of an impact. The model is able to represent contact force and elastic deformation during an impact process. A simple structure, controlled by an impact damper, is used to compare theoretical and experimental results and demonstrate the validity of the resulting spring-damper model. The results demonstrate that the spring-damper model can be effectively used in situations where the impulse-momentum model fails. © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Impact; Impulsive loads; Passive damping; Structural dynamics	Coefficient of restitutions; Contact forces; Contact surfaces; Contact time; Damper models; Damping parameters; High rates; Impact; Impact dampers; Impact forces; Impact process; Impulsive loads; Non-destructive; Passive damping; Practical methods; Response complexes; Simple structures; Spring stiffness; Automobile seats; Dynamics; Mechanical properties; Model structures; Stiffness; Structural dynamics; Damping	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650330818	Do export status and export intensity increase firm performance?	Abor J.	2011	Thunderbird International Business Review	53	1	10.1002/tie.20386	University of Ghana Business School, Legon; and Researcher, African Economic Research Consortium, Ghana	Abor, J., University of Ghana Business School, Legon; and Researcher, African Economic Research Consortium, Ghana	This study examines the effects of export status and export intensity on the performance of firms in Ghana. Our measures of performance include productivity and profitability. Using the Regional Project on Enterprise Development (RPED) dataset covering the period 1991-2002, the results of this study indicate that export status and export intensity have positive effects on productivity, confirming the learning-by-exporting hypothesis. Competition on the international market exposes exporting firms to new technologies, and this has the potential of increasing their productivity. Thus, economic policy initiatives should be directed at encouraging firms to enter the export market. Existing exporters should also be motivated to intensify their exporting efforts by exporting more of their output to foreign markets. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879477200	Evaluating the Environmental Impacts of Poultry Farming on Stream Water Quality: A Study From Abeokuta, Nigeria: Balancing farming practices and environmental protection to promote human health	Taiwo A.M., Arowolo T.A., Adekunle I.M., Adetunji M.T.	2013	Environmental Quality Management	22	4	10.1002/tqem.21344	Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Soil Science and Soil Management, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Taiwo, A.M., Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Arowolo, T.A., Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Adekunle, I.M., Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Adetunji, M.T., Department of Soil Science and Soil Management, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	[No abstract available]	None	environmental impact; environmental impact assessment; environmental protection; farming system; health care; poultry; river water; stream; water quality; Abeokuta; Nigeria; Ogun	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33645385128	Clonal evaluation of vegetatively propagated half-node cuttings of Coffea canephora	Famaye A.O., Oloyede A.A., Ayegboyin K.O.	2006	Tropical Science	46	1	10.1002/ts.10	Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5244, Ibadan, Nigeria	Famaye, A.O., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5244, Ibadan, Nigeria; Oloyede, A.A., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5244, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ayegboyin, K.O., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5244, Ibadan, Nigeria	Of five high-yielding clones of robusta coffee, half-node cuttings of C36, C96, C108 and C111 sprouted, rooted and grew well. T1049 was markedly inferior, but the half-node technique could be used. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Clonal evaluation; Coffee; Cutting; Half-node; Robusta	Coffea canephora	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33748504355	Evaluation of four Musa hybrids in Ghana	Dzomeku B.M., Armo-Annor F., Adjei-Gwen K., Nkakwa A., Akyeampong E., Baning I.S.	2006	Tropical Science	46	3	10.1002/ts.174	Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; World Vision Ghana, Assin-Foso, Ghana; International Network for the Improvement of Bananas and Plantains, Douala, Cameroon	Dzomeku, B.M., Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Armo-Annor, F., World Vision Ghana, Assin-Foso, Ghana; Adjei-Gwen, K., World Vision Ghana, Assin-Foso, Ghana; Nkakwa, A., International Network for the Improvement of Bananas and Plantains, Douala, Cameroon; Akyeampong, E., International Network for the Improvement of Bananas and Plantains, Douala, Cameroon; Baning, I.S., Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana	In a survey of farmers' attitudes to four Musa hybrids, the majority (84%) considered them superior to the landraces in terms of plant establishment, plant growth, vigour and fruit yield. The hybrids had more green leaves at harvest, an added advantage as they provided shade for the young cocoa plants grown as an intercrop. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Banana; Farmers' attitudes; Hybrid; Musa; Plant performance; Plantain	Musa; Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845335195	Effect of β-xylanase supplementation of boiled castor seed meal-based diets on the performance, nutrient absorbability and some blood constituents of pullet chicks	Babalola T.O.O., Apata D.F., Atteh J.O.	2006	Tropical Science	46	4	10.1002/ts.181	Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Babalola, T.O.O., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Apata, D.F., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Atteh, J.O., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	β-xylanase addition improved apparent nitrogen and fibre absorption as well as feed transit time. Up to 150 g kg-1 boiled castor seed meal could be incorporated into pullet chick diets without any adverse effect on growth performance or blood constituents. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.	β-xylanase; Blood constituents; Castor seed meal; Growth; Nutrient absorbability; Pullet chicks	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845346476	Evaluation of cowpea accessions for the Southern Guinea savannah	Awopetu J.A., Aliyu O.M.	2006	Tropical Science	46	4	10.1002/ts.183	Department of Crop Production, University of Florin, Nigeria; Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5244, Ibadan, Nigeria	Awopetu, J.A., Department of Crop Production, University of Florin, Nigeria; Aliyu, O.M., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5244, Ibadan, Nigeria	Twenty-five accessions of cowpea of different origin were evaluated in Ilorin, in the Southern Guinea savannah of Nigeria. They showed variable adaptation in terms of flowering time, leaves at flowering, pattern of branching, yield capabilities and time of maturity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Adaptation; Breeding; Cowpea accessions; Savannah ecology	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-40149111538	Milk production and reproductive performance of Sahiwal cattle in semi-arid Kenya	Ilatsia E.D., Muasya T.K., Muhuyi W.B., Kahi A.K.	2007	Tropical Science	47	3	10.1002/ts.205	Animal Genetic Resources Group, National Animal Husbandry Research Centre, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Naivasha, Kenya; National Beef Research Centre, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Nakuru, Kenya; Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Egerton University, PO Box 536, Egerton 20115, Kenya	Ilatsia, E.D., Animal Genetic Resources Group, National Animal Husbandry Research Centre, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Naivasha, Kenya; Muasya, T.K., Animal Genetic Resources Group, National Animal Husbandry Research Centre, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Naivasha, Kenya; Muhuyi, W.B., National Beef Research Centre, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Nakuru, Kenya; Kahi, A.K., Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Egerton University, PO Box 536, Egerton 20115, Kenya	The aim of this study was to evaluate milk production and reproductive performance of Sahiwal cattle in semi-arid Kenya. Milk production traits considered were lactation milk yield, lactation length and test-day milk yield, while reproductive traits included age at first calving, calving interval and number of services per conception. Various fixed effects affected performance of milk production and reproductive traits to varying significance levels. The mean estimates for milk production traits were 1368 kg, 282 days and 4.9 kg for lactation milk yield, lactation length and test-day milk yield, respectively. For reproductive traits, mean estimates were 468 days, 2.2 and 1345 days for calving interval, number of services per conception and age at first calving, respectively. There was a decline in lactation milk yield and lactation length, and an increase in calving interval and age at first calving over the years. Satisfactory management and appropriate genetic improvement strategies would result in improved performance. Implications of the results for genetic improvement of the breed in Kenya are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Kenya; Milk production; Reproduction; Sahiwal cattle	Bos	None
None	None	On-farm evaluation of methods for storing fresh sweet potato roots in East Africa	Tomlins K., Ndunguru G., Kimenya F., Ngendello T., Rwiza E., Amour R., Van Oirschot Q., Westby A.	2007	Tropical Science	47	4	10.1002/ts.214	Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Central Avenue, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Lake Zone Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Mwanza, Tanzania	Tomlins, K., Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Central Avenue, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; Ndunguru, G., Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Kimenya, F., Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Ngendello, T., Lake Zone Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Mwanza, Tanzania; Rwiza, E., Lake Zone Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Mwanza, Tanzania; Amour, R., Lake Zone Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Mwanza, Tanzania; Van Oirschot, Q., Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Central Avenue, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; Westby, A., Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Central Avenue, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom	Methods for sweet potato storage, previously developed at a research station, were tested on-farm by subsistence farmers in Lake Zone, Tanzania. On-farm testing confirmed that the methods were suitable but indicated that practical and simple improvements were necessary, without which losses in the proportion of market-quality roots from the store could be as high as 79%. These practical improvements were mainly concerned with the position of stores on the farms. The addition of a new step, dehaulming, improved the recovery of market-quality roots by 48%. However, although the storage methods were developed in order to improve farmer income, most farmers said they would use the stored roots as a subsistence staple for household food security. Variations among the farmers in their attitudes to storing sweet potato suggest that, when transferring methods from the research station to the farm, it is necessary to target those most able to adopt the approach. Additionally, the farmers considered that local market traders may not be keen to sell stored roots. Therefore, other actors in the value chain, such as market traders and consumers, ought to be included in the process of transferring methods from the research station to the farm. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	East Africa; Farmer participation; Heap; Ipomoea batatas; On-farm; Pit; Storage; Sweet potato; Tanzania	Ipomoea batatas	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-22344457990	Evaluation of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes for multiple resistance to angular and floury leaf spot diseases	Lemessa F., Tesfaye A.	2005	Tropical Science	45	2	10.1002/ts.50	Department of Plant Sciences and Horticulture, Jimma University College of Agriculture, POBox 307, Jimma, Ethiopia; Jimma Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia; Institute for Biological Control, Heinrichstrasse 243, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany	Lemessa, F., Department of Plant Sciences and Horticulture, Jimma University College of Agriculture, POBox 307, Jimma, Ethiopia, Institute for Biological Control, Heinrichstrasse 243, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany; Tesfaye, A., Jimma Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia	Angular leaf spot and floury leaf spot are the major bean diseases in hot and humid parts of Ethiopia. Of 70 genotypes evaluated, EMP-233, EMP-212, G-10843 and Dicta-65 were consistently resistant to both diseases and the first three were also high yielding. For angular leaf spot, disease severity was positively correlated with seed size and 100-seed weight.	Bean; Leaf spot; Multiple resistance; Phaseolus vulgaris	Phaseolus vulgaris	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745586289	Performance of sorghum/soyabean mixtures at varying planting arrangements and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer rates in the Northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria	Haruna I.M., Rahman S.A., Alhassan U.	2006	Tropical Science	46	2	10.1002/ts.62	Department of Basic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, PMB 135, Lafia, Nigeria	Haruna, I.M., Department of Basic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; Rahman, S.A., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, PMB 135, Lafia, Nigeria; Alhassan, U., Department of Basic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria	Sorghum/soyabean intercrops were more effective and gave a better economic return with alternate row arrangement and the application of 100 kg N/ha and 13.2 kg P/ha. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Fertilizer rates; Nigeria; Planting arrangements; Sorghum/soyabean mixture	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33748498933	Distribution of two Striga species and their relative impact on local and resistant sorghum cultivars in East Ethiopia	Hussien T.	2006	Tropical Science	46	3	10.1002/ts.70	Department of Plant Sciences, Alemaya University, PO Box 165, Ethiopia	Hussien, T., Department of Plant Sciences, Alemaya University, PO Box 165, Ethiopia	In five districts of east Ethiopia, only Striga hermonthica was identified in sorghum fields in three districts, and only S. asiatica in two. When the Striga-resistant sorghum variety Gubiye/P9401 was grown there was indicated scanty occurrence of Striga (1 to 4/m2), whereas local varieties showed 133 to 288/m2. Such severe infestation of the local cultivars with Striga resulted in drastic yield reductions of sorghum. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.	East Ethiopia; Soil types; Sorghum; Striga occurrence	Striga; Striga asiatica; Striga hermonthica	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-46949088777	Formulation and properties' evaluation of PVC/(dioctyl phthalate)/ (epoxidized rubber seed oil) plastigels	Balköse D., Egbuchunam T.O., Okieimen F.E.	2008	Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology	14	2	10.1002/vnl.20142	Department of Chemical Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Gulbahcekoyu, Urla-lzmir, Turkey; Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Warri, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Centre for Biomaterials Research, University of Benin, Benin City,	Balköse, D., Department of Chemical Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Gulbahcekoyu, Urla-lzmir, Turkey; Egbuchunam, T.O., Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Warri, Nigeria; Okieimen, F.E., Department of Chemistry, Centre for Biomaterials Research, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Epoxidized rubber seed oil (4.5% oxirane content, ERSO) was prepared by treating the oil with peracetic acid generated in situ by reacting glacial acetic acid with hydrogen peroxide. The thermal behavior of the ERSO was determined by differential scanning calorimetry. The effect of the epoxidized oil on the thermal stability of poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastigels, formulated to contain dioctyl phthalate (DOP) plasticizer and various amounts of the epoxidized oil, was evaluated by using discoloration indices of the polymer samples degraded at 1600C for 30 min and thermogravimetry at a constant heating rate of 10°C/min up to 600°C. The thermal behavior of the ERSO was characterized by endothermic peaks at about 150°C, which were attributed to the formation of network structures via epoxide groups, and at temperatures above 300°C, which were due to the decomposition of the material. Up to 50% of the DOP plasticizer in the PVC plastisol formulation could be substituted by ERSO without a marked deleterious effect on the consistency of the plastigel formed. In the presence of the epoxidized oil, PVC plastigel samples showed a marked reduction in discoloration and the number of conjugated double bonds, as well as high temperatures for the attainment of specific extents of degradation. These results showed that the ERSO retarded/inhibited thermal dehydrochlorination and the formation of long (n > 6) polyene sequences in PVC plastigels. The plasticizer efficiency/permanence of ERSO in PVC/DOP plastigels was evaluated from mechanical properties' measurements, leaching/migration tests, and water vapor permeability studies. The results showed that a large proportion of DOP could be substituted by ERSO in a PVC plastisol formulation without deleterious effects on the properties of the plastigels. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers.	None	Acetic acid; Agricultural products; Differential scanning calorimetry; Discoloration; Esters; Fatty acids; Gravimetric analysis; Hydrogen; Hydrogen peroxide; Laser interferometry; Mechanical permeability; Mechanical properties; Offshore oil well production; Oil well production; Oils and fats; Organic compounds; Organic polymers; Photoacoustic effect; Plasticizers; Plastisols; Polymers; Polyvinyl chlorides; Reaction kinetics; Reinforced plastics; Rubber; Seed; Sulfate minerals; Thermodynamic stability; Water vapor; (p ,p ,t) measurements; (PL) properties; Conjugated double bonds; Constant heating rate; Dehydrochlorination; Deleterious effects; Dioctyl phthalate (DOP); Endothermic peaks; Epoxide groups; Glacial acetic acid (HAc); High temperature (HT); In-situ; Network structures; Oxirane; Peracetic acid (PAA); Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC); Polyene sequences; Polymer samples; Rubber seed oil (RSO); Scanning calorimetry; thermal stability; Water vapor permeability (WVP); Plastic products	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84906253269	Climate change impacts and adaptation in South Africa	Ziervogel G., New M., Archer van Garderen E., Midgley G., Taylor A., Hamann R., Stuart-Hill S., Myers J., Warburton M.	2014	Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change	5	5	10.1002/wcc.295	Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; African Climate and Development Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; CSIR/School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Pretoria, South Africa; South African National Botanical Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Cape Town, South Africa; African Centre for Cities, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Graduate School of Business, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; School for Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South Africa; School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; School for Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South Africa	Ziervogel, G., Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; New, M., African Climate and Development Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Archer van Garderen, E., CSIR/School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Pretoria, South Africa; Midgley, G., South African National Botanical Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Cape Town, South Africa; Taylor, A., African Centre for Cities, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Hamann, R., Graduate School of Business, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Stuart-Hill, S., School for Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South Africa; Myers, J., School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Warburton, M., School for Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South Africa	In this paper we review current approaches and recent advances in research on climate impacts and adaptation in South Africa. South Africa has a well-developed earth system science research program that underpins the climate change scenarios developed for the southern African region. Established research on the biophysical impacts of climate change on key sectors (water, agriculture, and biodiversity) integrates the climate change scenarios but further research is needed in a number of areas, such as the climate impacts on cities and the built environment. National government has developed a National Climate Change Response White Paper, but this has yet to translate into policy that mainstreams adaptation in everyday practice and longer-term planning in all spheres and levels of government. A national process to scope long-term adaptation scenarios is underway, focusing on cross-sectoral linkages in adaptation responses at a national level. Adaptation responses are emerging in certain sectors. Some notable city-scale and project-based adaptation responses have been implemented, but institutional challenges persist. In addition, a number of knowledge gaps remain in relation to the biophysical and socio-economic impacts of climate change. A particular need is to develop South Africa's capacity to undertake integrated assessments of climate change that can support climate-resilient development planning. © 2014 The Authors. WIREs Climate Change published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	None	adaptive management; climate change; environmental planning; environmental policy; socioeconomic impact; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960963180	Evaluation of two milk replacers fed to hand-reared cheetah cubs (Acinonyx jubatus): Nutrient composition, apparent total tract digestibility, and comparison to maternal cheetah milk	Bell K.M., Rutherfurd S.M., Cottam Y.H., Hendriks W.H.	2011	Zoo Biology	30	4	10.1002/zoo.20344	Cheetah Outreach Trust, Cape Town, Western Cape Province, South Africa; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Ecology Group, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Science, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands	Bell, K.M., Cheetah Outreach Trust, Cape Town, Western Cape Province, South Africa; Rutherfurd, S.M., Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Cottam, Y.H., Ecology Group, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Hendriks, W.H., Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Science, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands	Commercially prepared milk replacers are frequently used to provide the sole source of nutrition for hand-reared cheetah cubs (Acinonyx jubatus). The nutrient composition of two commonly used milk replacers was determined. Using titanium dioxide as an indigestible marker, nutrient digestibility was calculated from the analyses of fecal samples collected from each cub (n = 4 on formula 1, and n = 2 on formula 2). Mean apparent total tract digestibility for both formulas was &gt;90% for all nutrients analyzed (crude protein, amino acids, crude fat (CF), and dry matter). However, the total CF content and the concentration of the essential fatty acids, such as α-linolenic, linolenic, and arachidonic acid, of both formulas was lower than reported for maternal cheetah milk. Additionally, one formula contained a comparatively high amount of carbohydrate, at the expense of protein. Although data were lacking for cheetah maternal milk, comparison with domestic cat milk revealed high concentrations of a number of minerals (K, Fe, Zn, and Cu), while vitamin D 3 was not detected in one formula. Both formulas were low in the majority of essential amino acids compared with domestic cat maternal milk. Despite their apparently high digestibility, neither formula was complete or balanced in terms of nutrient concentrations and ratios when maternal cheetah milk and/or the requirements established for growth in domestic cats were used as estimates of ideal. On this basis, although all cubs in this study were healthy and maintained good body conditions for the duration of the trial, the results of dietary analyses indicate that these milk replacers may not provide optimal nutrition for growth in cheetah cubs when used for extended periods. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc..	Diet; Felid; Formula; Nutrition	animal; animal disease; animal food; animal husbandry; article; cattle; cheetah; chemistry; diet; digestion; elemental diet; feces; methodology; milk; nutritional value; physiology; zoo animal; Acinonyx; Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Animals, Zoo; Cattle; Diet; Digestion; Feces; Food, Formulated; Milk; Nutritive Value; Acinonyx jubatus; Felidae; Felis catus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-51149092100	Evaluation of registry data removal by shredder programs	Velupillai H., Mokhonoana P.	2008	IFIP International Federation for Information Processing	285	None	10.1007/978-0-387-84927-0_5	Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa	Velupillai, H., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa; Mokhonoana, P., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa	Shredder programs attempt to overcome Window's inherent inability to erase data completely. A shredder is useful when one needs to transfer ownership or dispose of a computer, but it can be exploited by a suspect for the purpose of wiping incriminating evidence. Most shredder programs claim to remove all traces of data. This paper examines these claims by conducting forensic examinations of computers on which shredder programs were used. © 2008 International Federation for Information Processing.	Data removal; Shredder tools; Windows Registry	Forensic examinations; Transfer ownerships; Windows registry; Forensic examinations; Transfer ownerships; Windows registry; Computer forensics; Computer forensics; Information technology	None
WoS	WOS:000280964800005	Free Primary Education in Kenya: An Impact Evaluation Using Propensity Score Methods	COCKBURN, J,KabuboMariara, J,Mueni, Esther,Muyanga, Milu,Olwande, John,Wambugu, Stella	2010	CHILD WELFARE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES	None	None	10.1007/978-1-4419-6275-1_5	Egerton University	"Muyanga, Milu: Egerton University","Olwande, John: Egerton University","Wambugu, Stella: Egerton University"	This chapter attempts to evaluate the impact of the free primary education programme in Kenya, which is based on the premise that government intervention can lead to enhanced access to education especially by children from poor parental backgrounds. Primary education system in Kenya has been characterized by high wastage in form of low enrolment, high drop-out rates, grade repetition as well as poor transition from primary to secondary schools. This scenario was attributed to high cost of primary education. To reverse these poor trends in educational achievements, the government initiated free primary education programme in January 2003. This chapter therefore analyzes the impact of the FPE programme using panel data. Results indicate primary school enrolment rate has improved especially for children hailing from higher income categories; an indication that factors that prevent children from poor backgrounds from attending primary school go beyond the inability to pay school fees. Grade progression in primary schools has slightly dwindled. The results also indicate that there still exist constraints hindering children from poorer households from transiting to secondary school. The free primary education programme was found to be progressive, with the relatively poorer households drawing more benefits from the subsidy.	"benefit incidence analysis",KENYA,"PRIMARY EDUCATION","programme evaluation","PROPENSITY SCORE",ESTIMATORS,PROGRAMS	None	None
None	None	Immune system modulation by helminth infections: Potential impact on HIV transmission and disease progression	Chachage M., Geldmacher C.	2014	Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology	828	None	10.1007/978-1-4939-1489-0_6	Department of Cellular Immunology, National Institute for Medical Research-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (NIMR-MMRC), Hospital Hill road, Mbeya, Tanzania; Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical center of the University of Munish (LMU), Munich, Germany	Chachage, M., Department of Cellular Immunology, National Institute for Medical Research-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (NIMR-MMRC), Hospital Hill road, Mbeya, Tanzania; Geldmacher, C., Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical center of the University of Munish (LMU), Munich, Germany	[No abstract available]	None	albendazole; CD14 antigen; CD38 antigen; chemokine receptor CCR5; immunoglobulin E; interleukin 13; interleukin 17; interleukin 4; interleukin 5; RANTES; soil; Article; ascariasis; Ascaris lumbricoides; CD4 lymphocyte count; CD8+ T lymphocyte; cost effectiveness analysis; cytokine production; cytokine response; disease course; disease predisposition; eosinophilia; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunomodulation; immunostimulation; in vitro study; in vivo study; incidence; infection risk; microbial translocation; microbiological phenomena and functions; nonhuman; pathogenesis; phylogeny; political system; prevalence; priority journal; Schistosoma hematobium; Schistosoma mansoni; schistosomiasis haematobia; schistosomiasis mansoni; sequence analysis; signal transduction; trichuriasis; Trichuris trichiura; virus load; virus replication; virus transmission; animal; bacterial translocation; CD4+ T lymphocyte; helminthiasis; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunology; parasitology; soil; transmission; Vermes; Animals; Bacterial Translocation; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Disease Progression; Disease Susceptibility; Helminthiasis; HIV Infections; Humans; Soil	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919359601	Evaluation of optimal control-based deformable registration model	Matjelo N.J., Nicolls F., Muller N.	2015	Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering	312	None	10.1007/978-3-319-06764-3_15	Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; iThemba Laboratory for Accelerator Based Science, National Research Foundation, P. O. Box 722Somerset, West, South Africa	Matjelo, N.J., Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Nicolls, F., Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Muller, N., iThemba Laboratory for Accelerator Based Science, National Research Foundation, P. O. Box 722Somerset, West, South Africa	This paper presents an evaluation of an optimal control-based deformable image registration model and compares it to four well-known variational-based models, namely, elastic, fluid, diffusion and curvature models. Using similarity and deformation quality measures as performance indices, Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) is applied to approximate Pareto Fronts for each model to facilitate proper evaluation. The Pareto Fronts are also visualized using Level diagrams. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.	Deformable image registration; Level diagrams; NSGA-II; Pareto Fronts; Quality measure; Similarity measure	Deformation; Genetic algorithms; Image registration; Deformable image registration; Level diagrams; NSGA-II; Pareto front; Quality measures; Similarity measure; Quality control	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84912023130	Performance improvement by scheduling techniques: A case of leather industry development institute	Habib A., Jilcha K., Berhan E.	2015	Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing	334	None	10.1007/978-3-319-13572-4_21	Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Habib, A., Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Jilcha, K., Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Berhan, E., Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	The model leather products manufacturing factory of leather industry development institute (LIDI) suffers from poor performances due to various problems. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to improve the performance of the case company using scheduling techniques. Proper scheduling technique can result in dramatic improvements in layout, utilization, idle time, make span and tardiness reduction. The existing company performance and various another scenarios were analyzed by using different sequencing rules plus Johnson’s and Campbell’s algorithms. The analysis and discussion showed that the feasible scheduling was of flow shop and while product layout was seen most preferable that result in reduction of machine idle time &amp; make span by 3.00 &amp; 4.33 hours respectively. Total flow time was reduced by 82.9% and machine utilization was improved by 16.15% when compared with existing layout. Through production lines 1 or 2 of scenario-2 with the sequence of J1, J2, J3, J4 and J5, the company should make possible arrangements for such improvements. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.	Leather industry; Make-span; Manufacturing; Performance; Scheduling	Leather; Manufacture; Company performance; Leather industries; Machine utilization; Make-span; Manufacturing factories; Performance; Poor performance; Scheduling techniques; Scheduling	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928267085	Economic impacts of future changes in the energy system—global perspectives	Glynn J., Fortes P., Krook-Riekkola A., Labriet M., Vielle M., Kypreos S., Lehtilä A., Mischke P., Dai H., Gargiulo M., Helgesen P.I., Kober T., Summerton P., Merven B., Selosse S., Karlsson K., Strachan N., Gallachóirn B.Ó.	2015	Lecture Notes in Energy	30	None	10.1007/978-3-319-16540-0_19	Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; CENSE, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Business Administration, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden; Eneris Environment Energy Consultants, Madrid, Spain; Ecole Polytechnique de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland; Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; National Institute of Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan; Energy Engineering Economic Environment Systems Modelling and Analysis, Turin, Italy; Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), Policy Studies Department, Petten, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Cambridge Econometrics, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Centre de Mathématicues Appliquèes, MINES ParisTech, Paris, France; Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Energy Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom	Glynn, J., Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Fortes, P., CENSE, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Krook-Riekkola, A., Department of Business Administration, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden; Labriet, M., Eneris Environment Energy Consultants, Madrid, Spain; Vielle, M., Ecole Polytechnique de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Kypreos, S., Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland; Lehtilä, A., VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland; Mischke, P., Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; Dai, H., National Institute of Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan; Gargiulo, M., Energy Engineering Economic Environment Systems Modelling and Analysis, Turin, Italy; Helgesen, P.I., Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Kober, T., Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), Policy Studies Department, Petten, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Summerton, P., Cambridge Econometrics, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Merven, B., Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Selosse, S., Centre de Mathématicues Appliquèes, MINES ParisTech, Paris, France; Karlsson, K., Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark, Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Strachan, N., Energy Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Gallachóirn, B.Ó., Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland	In a climate constrained future, hybrid energy-economy model coupling gives additional insight into interregional competition, trade, industrial delocalisation and overall macroeconomic consequences of decarbonising the energy system. Decarbonising the energy system is critical in mitigating climate change. This chapter summarises modelling methodologies developed in the ETSAP community to assess economic impacts of decarbonising energy systems at a global level. The next chapter of this book focuses on a national perspective. The range of economic impacts is regionally dependent upon the stage of economic development, the level of industrialisation, energy intensity of exports, and competition effects due to rates of relative decarbonisation. Developed nation’s decarbonisation targets are estimated to result in a manageable GDP loss in the region of 2 % by 2050. Energy intensive export driven developing countries such as China and India, and fossil fuel exporting nations can expect significantly higher GDP loss of up to 5 % GDP per year by mid-century. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.	None	Civil aviation; Climate change; Climate models; Competition; Decarbonization; Developing countries; Economic and social effects; Economics; China and India; Competition effects; Economic development; Economic impacts; Energy intensity; Global perspective; Industrialisation; Modelling methodology; Industrial economics	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928229180	Economic impacts of future changes in the energy system—national perspectives	Glynn J., Fortes P., Krook-Riekkola A., Labriet M., Vielle M., Kypreos S., Lehtilä A., Mischke P., Dai H., Gargiulo M., Helgesen P.I., Kober T., Summerton P., Merven B., Selosse S., Karlsson K., Strachan N., Gallachóirn B.Ó.	2015	Lecture Notes in Energy	30	None	10.1007/978-3-319-16540-0_20	Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; CENSE, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Business Administration, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden; Eneris Environment Energy Consultants, Madrid, Spain; Ecole Polytechnique de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland; Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; National Institute of Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan; Energy Engineering Economic Environment Systems Modelling and Analysis (E4SMA s.r.l.), Turin, Italy; Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), Policy Studies Department, Petten, Netherlands; Cambridge Econometrics, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Centre de Mathématicues Appliquèes, MINES ParisTech, Paris, France; Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Energy Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom	Glynn, J., Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Fortes, P., CENSE, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Krook-Riekkola, A., Department of Business Administration, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden; Labriet, M., Eneris Environment Energy Consultants, Madrid, Spain; Vielle, M., Ecole Polytechnique de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Kypreos, S., Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland; Lehtilä, A., VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland; Mischke, P., Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Dai, H., National Institute of Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan; Gargiulo, M., Energy Engineering Economic Environment Systems Modelling and Analysis (E4SMA s.r.l.), Turin, Italy; Helgesen, P.I., Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Kober, T., Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), Policy Studies Department, Petten, Netherlands; Summerton, P., Cambridge Econometrics, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Merven, B., Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Selosse, S., Centre de Mathématicues Appliquèes, MINES ParisTech, Paris, France; Karlsson, K., Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Strachan, N., Energy Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Gallachóirn, B.Ó., Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland	In a climate constrained future, hybrid energy-economy model coupling gives additional insight into interregional competition, trade, industrial delocalisation and overall macroeconomic consequences of decarbonising the energy system. Decarbonising the energy system is critical in mitigating climate change. This chapter summarises modelling methodologies developed in the ETSAP community © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.	None	Climate change; Competition; Decarbonising; Delocalisation; Economic impacts; Energy systems; Hybrid energy; Modelling methodology; Climate models	None
WoS	WOS:000290069600013	Monitoring Indicators of Living Conditions in a South African Urban Community	Moller, Valerie,Phillips, R,Radloff, Sarah,RAHTZ, D,SIRGY, MJ	2011	COMMUNITY QUALITY-OF-LIFE INDICATORS: BEST CASES V	3	None	10.1007/978-94-007-0535-7_13	Rhodes University	"Moller, Valerie: Rhodes University","Radloff, Sarah: Rhodes University"	A social indicators community project was launched in 1999 to monitor changing living standards in Rhini, a low-income suburb of Grahamstown, Makana Municipality, South Africa. Since 1994, under democratic rule, considerable progress has been made in service delivery to the formerly disadvantaged in South African society in terms of access to housing, infrastructure, and a social safety net to mitigate the high rate of unemployment. Results from two representative cross-sectional household surveys (n862/n1,020) conducted in 1999 and 2007 in Rhini demonstrate major changes in material living standards. However, these increases are not reflected in assessments of the household situation. Results are discussed against the background of rising expectations and social policy under democracy. It is concluded that income and employment poverty might dilute gains from higher material living standards. Further research using panel-study data is needed to demonstrate the lasting effects of service delivery on perceived quality of life in South Africa.	,INSTRUMENT,NEEDS,QUALITY-OF-LIFE,"SUBJECTIVE INDICATORS"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874388317	The impact of rheology on the mechanical performance of steel Fiber-Reinforced concrete	van Zijl G.P.A.G., Zeranka S.	2012	RILEM Bookseries	2	None	10.1007/978-94-007-2436-5_8	Department of Civil Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	van Zijl, G.P.A.G., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa; Zeranka, S., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	Fibers are added to concrete to bridge cracks, in order to improve mechanical behavior from brittle to pseudo-plastic. Uniform dispersion of fibers is known to be critical, to avoid weak planes and the influence of self-compacting ability of fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) on fiber dispersion has been studied and reported in the literature to some extent. A self-compacting (SCFRC) and a normal workability FRC (NFRC) was designed and tested systematically. Indirect assessment of fiber dispersion and orientation was performed by mechanical testing on small specimens, to study the influence on mechanical performance. The results show superiority of SCFRC in flexure. © RILEM 2012.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84958550682	Novel computational intelligence for optimizing cyber physical pre-evaluation system	Xing B.	2014	Studies in Computational Intelligence	540	None	10.1007/978-981-4585-36-1_15	Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Xing, B., Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Owing to the quality heterogeneity of returned used products, firms engaged in re-manufacturing activities are obliged to employ 100 % inspection of these products to evaluate their quality and suitability for re-manufacturing. In addition to visual inspection, a recent tendency is to use data recorded in electronic devices (e.g., radio frequency identification (RFID)) implanted in the products. In this way, information is obtained quickly without the need for complete (and expensive) product disassembly. Nevertheless, making sense of RFID data in a complex cyber physical system (CPS) environment (which involves such as cloud computing for used product life cycle information retrieval and physically used products scanning) is a complex task. For instance, if an RFID readers fails, there may be missing values exist. The purpose of this chapter is to employ two computational intelligence (CI) optimization methods which can improve the reliability of such inspection process. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore.	Cyber physical pre-evaluation system; Firefly algorithm; Radio frequency identification; Re-manufacturability; Reliability-redundancy allocation problem; Teaching-learning- based optimization	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33947114792	Effect of caffeine on the risk of coronary heart disease - A re-evaluation	Adebayo J.O., Akinyinka A.O., Odewole G.A., Okwusidi J.I.	2007	Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry	22	1	10.1007/BF02912877	Dept. of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	Adebayo, J.O., Dept. of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Akinyinka, A.O., Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Odewole, G.A., Dept. of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Okwusidi, J.I., Dept. of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	The effect of caffeine intake on the risk of coronary heart disease was studied. Twenty-one rats used were randomly divided into three experimental groups, the first group served as the control while the second and third groups were administered caffeine orally at doses of 10mg/kg body weight and 20mg/kg body weight respectively for fourteen days. Caffeine, at 10mg/kg body weight, significantly increased (P<0.05) serum LDL- cholesterol concentration and coronary heart disease risk ratio while it significantly reduced (P<0.05) serum triacylglycerol concentration when compared with controls. At 20mg/kg body weight, caffeine significantly increased (P<0.05) coronary heart disease risk ratio while it significantly reduced (P<0.05) serum HDL-cholesterol concentration and serum triacylgycerol concentration when compared with controls. No dose response effect was observed possibly suggestive of a threshold effect. These results suggest that caffeine predisposes consumers of caffeine containing beverages to coronary heart disease.	Blood lipids; Caffeine; Coronary heart disease	caffeine; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; triacylglycerol; animal experiment; animal model; article; cardiovascular risk; cholesterol blood level; concentration (parameters); controlled study; dose response; drug activity; drug effect; drug mechanism; ischemic heart disease; lipid analysis; male; nonhuman; protein determination; rat; risk assessment; statistical analysis; triacylglycerol blood level; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36849052052	Evaluation of thyroid function in diabetes mellitus in Calabar, Nigeria	Udiong C.E.J., Udoh A.E., Etukudoh M.E.	2007	Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry	22	2	10.1007/BF02913318	Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, PMB 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria	Udiong, C.E.J., Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria, Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, PMB 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria; Udoh, A.E., Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Etukudoh, M.E., Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria	The prevalence of abnormal thyroid hormone levels in diabetes mellitus in Nigeria is not well described. To determine the incidence of abnormal thyroid hormone levels in diabetics in Calabar, Nigeria, fasting blood samples from 161 diabetic subjects and 105 non-diabetic controls were analysed. Free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total triiodothyronine (T3) and total thyroxine (T4) kits obtained from Biomerica Inc. of USA were used for the analysis. TSH levels (1.80 ± 1.62) in diabetics were significantly lower (p = 0.016) than the level in non-diabetic controls (2.34 ± 1.24). Male diabetics had lower (p &lt; 0.05) levels of TSH (1.192 ± 0.68 miu/ml) than diabetic females (1.90 ± 1.70 mIu/ml). The level of T3 in diabetic males (125 ± 97ng/ml) was higher than the level in females (98 ± 75ng/dl). TSH (F = 2.74, p = 0.049), T4 (F = 56.87, p = 0.O01), T3 (F =56.44, P = 0.001) in diabetics and FT4 (F = 5.74, p = 0.002) in controls showed significant variation with the ages of the subjects. Out of 161 diabetics subjects studied 26.6% had low plasma thyroid hormone levels (FT 4&gt;2.01ng/dl), 19.8% had raised plasma thyroid hormone levels (FT4 &lt; 2.01), and 54% was euthyroid (FT40.78 - 2.01ng/dl). This study has shown a high incidence (46.5%) of abnormal thyroid hormone levels among the diabetics in Nigeria (hypothyroidism 26.6%, hyperthyroidism, 19.9%). The prevalence of hypothyroidism was higher in women (16.8%) than in men (9.9%), while hyperthyroidism was higher in males (11%) than in females (8%). This study has defined thyroid function status of diabetics in Calabar, Nigeria probably the first of such work in Africa.	Diabetes mellitus; Diagnosis; Thyroid hormones	antidiabetic agent; insulin; liothyronine; thyroid hormone; thyrotropin; thyroxine; article; blood sampling; controlled study; female; free thyroxine index; hormone blood level; human; hyperthyroidism; hypothyroidism; incidence; insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; prevalence; sex difference; thyroid function	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349648781	The influence of second language teaching on undergraduate mathematics performance	Gerber A., Harding A.F., Engelbrecht J., Rogan J.	2005	Mathematics Education Research Journal	17	3	10.1007/BF03217419	Arcus GIBB, PO Box 35007, Menlo Park, 0102, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa; Science Education Research Group, University of KwaZuluNatal, Pietermartizburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3202, South Africa	Gerber, A., Arcus GIBB, PO Box 35007, Menlo Park, 0102, Pretoria, South Africa; Harding, A.F., Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa; Engelbrecht, J., Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa; Rogan, J., Science Education Research Group, University of KwaZuluNatal, Pietermartizburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3202, South Africa	Understanding abstract concepts and ideas in mathematics, if instruction takes place in the first language of the student, is difficult. Yet worldwide students often have to master mathematics via a second or third language. The majority of students in South Africa - a country with eleven official languages - has to face this difficulty. In a quantitative study of first year calculus students, we investigated two groups of students. For one group tuition took place in their home language; for the second group, tuition was in English, a second or even a third language. Performance data on their secondary mathematics and first year tertiary calculus were analysed. The study showed that there was no significant difference between the adjusted means of the entire group of first language learners and the entire group of second language learners. Neither was there any statistically significant difference between the performances of the two groups of second language learners (based on the adjusted means). Yet, there did seem to be a significant difference between the achievement of Afrikaans students attending Afrikaans lectures and Afrikaans students attending English lectures.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349645361	The impact of the transition to outcomes-based teaching on university preparedness in mathematics in South Africa	Engelbrecht J., Harding A.	2008	Mathematics Education Research Journal	20	2	10.1007/BF03217477	University of Pretoria, South Africa	Engelbrecht, J., University of Pretoria, South Africa; Harding, A., University of Pretoria, South Africa	Following the political changes of 1994 in South Africa, the decision was taken to replace the traditional skills-based education system at primary and secondary school level (Grades 1-12) with an outcomes-based education system (OBE). The implementation of the OBE system did not come without problems, giving rise to revised initiatives. The OBE approach, referred to as Curriculum 2005, was introduced into schools in 1998, for all learners in Grades 1- 6 and progressively phased in after that. In 2002, the OBE system was put on hold for the two upper grades of these learners. Learners in these two grades reverted back to skills-based learning for their last three years of schooling, i.e. in Grades 10 - 12. The most senior of these learners that had been subjected to four years of OBE and another three years of the old system finished their schooling in 2005 and 2006 and entered university in 2006 and 2007. These groups are of interest. Students ahead of them had their full schooling in the old system and students two years younger were only subjected to OBE. These students are the "group in the middle". This paper reports on what the impact is of the growing pains of such a new, inadequately planned education system on the mathematics preparedness of students entering university. This report will be extended in 2009 when the learners that have been fully subjected to the OBE system enter university.	None	None	None
WoS	WOS:000339940700005	The impact of conditional cash transfers on child health in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review	Cross, Ruth,Owusu-Addo, Ebenezer	2014	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH	59	4	10.1007/s00038-014-0570-x	Leeds Metropolitan University, Kwame Nkrumah University Science & Technology, Kwame Nkrumah Univ Sci & Technol	"Cross, Ruth: Leeds Metropolitan University",	The review aimed to assess the effectiveness of conditional cash transfers (CCTs) in improving child health in low- and middle-income countries. Seven electronic databases were searched for papers: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, PsychINFO, BIOSIS Previews, Academic Search Complete, and CSA Sociological Abstracts. The included studies comprised of randomised controlled trials and controlled before-and-after studies evaluating the impact of CCTs on child health. Due to the substantial heterogeneity of the studies, a narrative synthesis was conducted on the extracted data. Sixteen studies predominantly from Latin American countries met the inclusion criteria. The outcomes reported by the studies in relation to CCTs' effectiveness in improving child health were reduction in morbidity risk, improvement in nutritional outcomes, health services utilisation, and immunisation coverage. The review suggests that to a large extent, CCTs are effective in improving child health by addressing child health determinants such as access to health care, child and maternal nutrition, morbidity risk, immunisation coverage, and household poverty in developing countries particularly middle-income countries. Of importance to both policy and practice, it appears that CCTs require effective functioning of health care systems to effectively promote child health.	"CHILD HEALTH","conditional cash transfers","Low- and middle-income countries","programme theory","systematic review",CLUSTER-RANDOMIZED-TRIAL,EDUCATION,GROWTH,INTERVENTIONS,MEXICO,NUTRITION,OPORTUNIDADES,PROGRAM,PROMOTION,WEIGHT	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866121518	Cobalt mediated ring contraction reaction of lapachol and initial antibacterial evaluation of naphthoquinones derived from lapachol	Eyong K.O., Kumar S.P., Kuete V., Folefoc G.N., Langmi H., Meyer M.J.J., Lall N., Baskaran S.	2012	Medicinal Chemistry Research	21	8	10.1007/s00044-011-9788-9	Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600 036, India; Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaounde 1, BP 812, Yaounde, Cameroon; Department of Biochemistry, University of Dschang, BP 67, Dschang, Cameroon; Department of Chemistry, University of Buea, 63, Buea, Cameroon; Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada; Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Eyong, K.O., Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600 036, India, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaounde 1, BP 812, Yaounde, Cameroon; Kumar, S.P., Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600 036, India; Kuete, V., Department of Biochemistry, University of Dschang, BP 67, Dschang, Cameroon, Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Folefoc, G.N., Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaounde 1, BP 812, Yaounde, Cameroon, Department of Chemistry, University of Buea, 63, Buea, Cameroon; Langmi, H., Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada; Meyer, M.J.J., Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Lall, N., Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Baskaran, S., Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600 036, India	The synthesis of 2-hydroxy-2-(3-methylbut- 2-enyl)-2H-indene-1,3-dione 3, from lapachol which involves a ring contraction via the Hooker intermediate 1,2-dihydroxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro- 1H-indene-1- carboxylic acid 2 is described. Different pyranonaphthoquinone derivatives, obtained in our previous synthetic work, were screened for antimycobacterial (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) activity and against resistant strains of Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. The results indicated significant activity of all the tested samples against M. tuberculosis and only moderate activity against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011.	Antibacterial; Antituberculosis; Lapachol; Naphthoquinones; Ring contraction	1 (2,3,4,9 tetrahydro 4,9 dioxonaphtho[2,3 b]furany 2 yl) 1 methylethyl nitrate; 1,4 dihydro 3 hydroxy 1,4 dioxo 2 naphthaleneacetaldehyde; 2 (1 methylethenyl) 2,3 dihydronaphtho[2,3 b]furan 4,9 dione; 2 (1' methylethenyl)naphtho[2,3 b]furan 4,9 dione; 2 (3 hydroxy 1,4 dioxo 1,4 dihydronaphthalene 2 yl)vinyl acetate; 2 acetyl furanonapthoquinone; 2 hydroxy 2 (3 methylbut 2 enyl) 2h indene 1,3 dione; beta lapachone; cobalt; gentamicin; isoniazid; lapachol; naphthoquinone; unclassified drug; antibacterial activity; article; Bacillus cereus; bacterial strain; chemical reaction; controlled study; drug screening; Escherichia coli; minimum inhibitory concentration; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nonhuman; ring contraction reaction; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883451197	Evaluation of antileishmanial activities of triglycerides isolated from roots of Moringa stenopetala	Bekele B., Adane L., Tariku Y., Hailu A.	2013	Medicinal Chemistry Research	22	10	10.1007/s00044-013-0467-x	Department of Chemistry, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Bekele, B., Department of Chemistry, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Adane, L., Department of Chemistry, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Tariku, Y., Department of Chemistry, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Hailu, A., Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	The objective of this study was to evaluate antileishmanial activities of compounds isolated from the roots of Moringa stenopetala. Two compounds were isolated from the crude petroleum ether:ethyl acetate (50:50 %) extract of its roots employing column chromatographic technique using a mixture of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate mixture in different polarity (or proportions by volume). The isolated compounds were labeled as MS-1 and MS-2. Their structures were determined to be triglycerides based on the observed spectroscopic ( 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT-135, and IR) data and reported data in literature. Thus, compound MS-1 and compound MS-2 were identified as 1,3-dilinoleoyl-2-olein and 1,3-dioleoyl-2-linolein, respectively. Evaluation of antileishmanial activities (IC50 values) of the compounds against promatigote stage of Leishmania aethiopica indicated that compound MS-1 to show comparable activity with the reference compounds (amphotericin B and miltefosine) whereas compound MS-2 to be less active. The activity test results against the amastigote stage of the parasite indicated that the compounds have comparable activities when compared to each other, and relatively lower activities as compared to that of the reference compounds. The results suggested that the compounds have promising antileishmanial activities. However, further in vivo tests are recommended before drawing any conclusion about the potential of the compounds as a new antileishmanial drug candidate. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.	L. aethiopica; Leishmaniasis; Moringa stenopetala; Triglycerides	amphotericin B; amphotericin B deoxycholate; antileishmanial agent; miltefosine; triacylglycerol; amastigote; animal cell; antiprotozoal activity; article; carbon nuclear magnetic resonance; controlled study; infrared spectroscopy; Leishmania; leishmania aethiopica; leishmaniasis; medicinal plant; moringa stenopetala; Moringaceae; mouse; nonhuman; peritoneum macrophage; plant root; proton nuclear magnetic resonance	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898980052	Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of novel 1-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents	Patel V., Bhatt N., Bhatt P., Joshi H.D.	2014	Medicinal Chemistry Research	23	4	10.1007/s00044-013-0799-6	Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India; JJT University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India; School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa	Patel, V., Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India; Bhatt, N., JJT University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India; Bhatt, P., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Joshi, H.D., Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India	Novel compounds of biological interest were synthesized by in situ reduction of Schiff's base of 5,6-dimethoxy indanone and 1-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H- benzo[d] imidazol-2(3H)-one in the presence of Ti(OiPr)4 and NaBH3CN. Further alkylation using different alkyl/aryl halides in the presence of NaH in DMF gave a series of novel compounds. A formation of newly synthesized compounds was confirmed on the basis of their spectral and elemental analysis. Further these compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity and found to have promising antibacterial and antifungal activity. © Springer Science+Business Media 2013.	1-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d] imidazol-2(3H)-one; 5,6-dimethoxy indanone; Antimicrobial agents; In situ reduction of Schiff's base	1 (piperidin 4 yl) 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one derivative; 3 benzyl 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 3 butyl 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 3 (3 (dimethylamino)propyl 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 3 (4 nitrobenzyl) 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 3 (methoxymethyl) 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 3 isobutyl 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 3 propyl 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1yl)piperidin 4 yl) 3 ethyl 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 3 (2 chloroethyl) 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 1h benzo{d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 3 (4 chlorobenzyl) 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 6 chloro 3 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) n,n diethyl 2 oxo 2,3 dihydro 1h benzo[d]imidazole 1 carboxamide; antiinfective agent; ethyl 2 (6 chloro 3 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 2 oxo 2,3 dihydro 1h benzo[d]imidazol 1 yl)acetate; ethyl 6 chloro 3 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl)2 oxo 2,3 dihydro 1h benzo[d]imidazole 1 carboxylate; imidazole derivative; Schiff base; unclassified drug; alkylation; antibacterial activity; antifungal activity; antimicrobial activity; article; drug screening; drug synthesis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898770992	DABCO-promoted one-pot synthesis of heteroaryl-substituted benzenes and their biological evaluation	Babu G.N., Ayalew H.M., Jain S.	2014	Medicinal Chemistry Research	23	5	10.1007/s00044-013-0857-0	School of Studies in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Vikram University, Ujjain 456010, Madhya Pradesh, India; Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia	Babu, G.N., School of Studies in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Vikram University, Ujjain 456010, Madhya Pradesh, India, Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Ayalew, H.M., Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Jain, S., School of Studies in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Vikram University, Ujjain 456010, Madhya Pradesh, India	A simple and efficient one-pot synthesis of heteroaryl-substituted benzenes has been developed via cyclocondensation of vinylmalononitriles and ethylvinylcyanoacetates with heteroarylnitroolefines using diazabicyclo[2,2,2] octane as catalyst. The titled compounds were evaluated for their antitubercular, antibacterial and antifungal activities at various concentrations. © Springer Science+Business Media 2013.	Antibacterial activity; Antifungal activity; Antitubercular activity; DABCO; Heteroayl-substituted benzenes	1,4 diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; 3 amino 4 nitro 5 (1h pyrrole 2 yl) [1,1' biphenyl] 2 carboxylate; 3 amino 4 nitro 5 (thiophen 2 yl) [1,1' biphenyl] 2 carbonitrile; 3 amino 4' methoxy 4 nitro 5 (thiophen 2 yl) [1,1' biphenyl] 2 carbonitrile; 3 amino 5 (furan 2 yl) 4 nitro [1,1' biphenyl] 2 carbonitrile; 3 amino 5 (furan 2 yl) 4' methoxy 4 nitro 5 [1,1' biphenyl] 2 carbonitrile; acetic acid derivative; alkene derivative; benzene derivative; ciprofloxacin; clotrimazole; cyclooctane derivative; ethyl 3 amino 4 nitro(1h pyrrol 2 yl)[1,1' biphenyl] 2 carboxylate; ethyl 3 amino 4 nitro(furan 2 yl) [1,1' biphenyl] 2 carboxylate; ethyl 3 amino 4' methoxy 4 nitro 5 (thiophen 2 yl)[1,1' biphenyl 2 carbonitrile; nitrile; unclassified drug; antibacterial activity; antifungal activity; article; Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus niger; Candida albicans; Candida tropicalis; catalyst; concentration response; controlled study; Escherichia coli; evaluation study; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nonhuman; one pot synthesis; polymerization; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Salmonella typhi	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939877670	Novel series of phenylalanine analogs endowed with promising anti-inflammatory activity: Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and computational insights	Palkar M.B., Praveen D.M., Ronad P.M., Viswanathswamy A.H.M., Rane R.A., Patel H.M., Shaikh M.S., Hampannavar G.A., Jain K.S., Karpoormath R.	2015	Medicinal Chemistry Research	24	5	10.1007/s00044-014-1272-x	Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E. University College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, Hubli, Karnataka, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Department of Pharmacology, K.L.E. University College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, Hubli, Karnataka, India	Palkar, M.B., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E. University College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, Hubli, Karnataka, India, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Praveen, D.M., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E. University College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, Hubli, Karnataka, India; Ronad, P.M., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E. University College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, Hubli, Karnataka, India; Viswanathswamy, A.H.M., Department of Pharmacology, K.L.E. University College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, Hubli, Karnataka, India; Rane, R.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Patel, H.M., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Shaikh, M.S., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Hampannavar, G.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Jain, K.S., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Karpoormath, R., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa	Abstract A novel series of methyl-2-(substituted benzylideneamino)-3-phenyl propionate (2a-j) derivatives have been synthesized. The title compounds (2a-j) were screened for in vivo acute anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities at a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w. Compound 2e exhibited the most promising and significant anti-inflammatory profile while compounds 2b, 2h, 2i, and 2j showed moderate to good inhibitory activity at 2nd and 4th h, respectively. These compounds were also found to have considerable analgesic activity (acetic acid-induced writhing model) and antipyretic activity (yeast-induced pyrexia model). In addition, the tested compounds were also found to possess less degree of ulcerogenic potential as compared to the standard NSAIDs. The synthesized compounds were further evaluated for their inhibitory activity against cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX-1/COX-2), by in vitro colorimetric COX (ovine) inhibitor screening assay method. The results revealed that the compounds 2b, 2e, 2h, 2i, and 2j exhibited selective and effective inhibition against COX-2. In an attempt to understand the ligand-protein interactions in terms of their binding affinity, docking studies were also performed using Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD-2013, 6.0) for the title compounds. It was observed that the binding affinities calculated were in agreement with the experimental IC<inf>50</inf> values. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Analgesic; Anti-inflammatory; Antipyretic; Cyclooxygenase (COX); Docking; Phenylalanine; Schiff base; Ulcerogenic activity	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957988057	Physical properties of burnt timber, with special focus on the drying performance	Meincken M., Smit N.H., Steinmann D.	2010	European Journal of Wood and Wood Products	68	4	10.1007/s00107-009-0388-z	Department of Forest and Wood Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	Meincken, M., Department of Forest and Wood Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Smit, N.H., Department of Forest and Wood Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Steinmann, D., Department of Forest and Wood Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	Burnt wood has been found to perform different from sound (green) wood when dried together, but also with regards to other physical and mechanical properties. In this study the drying performance of wood burnt to different degrees in recent plantation fires was investigated, and the physical, chemical and wood anatomical properties of these different wood types were determined. Different cell structure and chemical composition due to thermal degradation could be observed as well as different drying performance and variation in mechanical properties. An explanation for the deviant drying performance was attempted with the observed structural changes. © 2009 Springer-Verlag Zusammenfassung.	None	Anatomical properties; Burnt wood; Cell structure; Chemical compositions; Drying performance; Physical and mechanical properties; Plantation fires; Structural change; Thermal degradations; Wood types; Drying; Fabrics; Wood; Mechanical properties; Anatomy; Drying; Fabric; Forests; Mechanical Properties; Physical Properties; Wood	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-20044361824	Caudal fin allometry in the white shark Carcharodon carcharias: Implications for locomotory performance and ecology	Lingham-Soliar T.	2005	Naturwissenschaften	92	5	10.1007/s00114-005-0614-4	Department of Zoology, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, 4000 Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Lingham-Soliar, T., Department of Zoology, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, 4000 Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Allometric scaling analysis was employed to investigate the consequences of size evolution on hydrodynamic performance and ecology in the white shark Carcharodon carcharias. Discriminant analysis using the power equation y=ax b was negative for caudal fin span (S) versus fork length (FL) in C. carcharias. In contrast in two delphinid species, Delphinus capensis and Tursiops aduncus, the span of the flukes versus fork length rises in positive allometric fashion, and strong positive allometry of S versus √A (area) was also recorded. The latter reflects a high lift/drag ratio. S versus √A in C. carcharias displays negative allometry and consequently a lower lift/drag ratio. A lower aspect ratio (AR) caudal fin in C. carcharias compared to that of the delphinids (mean 3.33 and 4.1, respectively) and other thunniform swimmers provides the potential for better maneuverability and acceleration. The liver in sharks is frequently associated with a buoyancy function and was found to be positively allometric in C. carcharias. The overall findings suggest that the negatively allometric caudal fin morphometrics in C. carcharias are unlikely to have deleterious evolutionary fitness consequences for predation. On the contrary, when considered in the context of positive liver allometry in C. carcharias it is hereby suggested that buoyancy may play a dominant role in larger white sharks in permitting slow swimming while minimizing energy demands needed to prevent sinking. In contrast hydrodynamic lift is considered more important in smaller white sharks. Larger caudal fin spans and higher lift/drag ratio in smaller C. carcharias indicate greater potential for prolonged, intermediate swimming speeds and for feeding predominantly on fast-moving fish, in contrast to slow-swimming search patterns of larger individuals for predominantly large mammalian prey. Such data may provide some answers to the lifestyle and widespread habitat capabilities of this still largely mysterious animal. © Springer-Verlag 2005.	None	allometry; locomotion; morphology; shark; allometry; article; controlled study; discriminant analysis; ecology; energy metabolism; evolution; hydrodynamics; lifestyle; liver; locomotion; mammal; morphometrics; motor performance; nonhuman; predation; prey; shark; species difference; swimming; Animal Structures; Animals; Body Size; Ecosystem; Motor Activity; Sharks; Animalia; Carcharodon carcharias; Chondrichthyes; Delphinidae; Delphinus capensis; Lamnidae; Mammalia; Tursiops aduncus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943228551	The hustle and bustle of city life: Monitoring the effects of urbanisation in the African lesser bushbaby	Scheun J., Bennett N.C., Ganswindt A., Nowack J.	2015	Science of Nature	102	9	10.1007/s00114-015-1305-4	Endocrine Research Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Animal Ecology and Conservation, Biocentre Grindel, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; School of Environmental and Rural Science, Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia	Scheun, J., Endocrine Research Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Bennett, N.C., Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Ganswindt, A., Endocrine Research Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; Nowack, J., Department of Animal Ecology and Conservation, Biocentre Grindel, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, School of Environmental and Rural Science, Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia	Urbanisation has become a severe threat to pristine natural areas, causing habitat loss and affecting indigenous animals. Species occurring within an urban fragmented landscape must cope with changes in vegetation type as well as high degrees of anthropogenic disturbance, both of which are possible key mechanisms contributing to behavioural changes and perceived stressors. We attempted to elucidate the effects of urbanisation on the African lesser bushbaby, Galago moholi, by (1) recording activity budgets and body condition (body mass index, BMI) of individuals of urban and rural populations and (2) further determining adrenocortical activity in both populations as a measure of stress via faecal glucocorticoid metabolite (fGCM) levels, following successful validation of an appropriate enzyme immunoassay test system (adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) challenge test).We found that both sexes of the urban population had significantly higher BMIs than their rural counterparts, while urban females had significantly higher fGCM concentrations than rural females. While individuals in the urban population fed mainly on provisioned anthropogenic food sources and spent comparatively more time resting and engaging in aggressive interactions, rural individuals fed almost exclusively on tree exudates and spent more time moving between food sources. Although interactions with humans are likely to be lower in nocturnal than in diurnal species, our findings show that the impact of urbanisation on nocturnal species is still considerable, affecting a range of ecological and physiological aspects. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015.	Anthropogenic disturbance; Faecal glucocorticoids; Increased weight; Provisioned food	aggregation behavior; behavioral ecology; body condition; body mass; environmental disturbance; environmental monitoring; habitat conservation; habitat fragmentation; habitat loss; hormone; immunoassay; metabolite; nocturnal activity; primate; pristine environment; record; rural population; urban area; urban population; urbanization; Africa; Animalia; Galago moholi	DA1031/3-1/2, DFG, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Scopus	2-s2.0-32544437153	Comparison of phenotypic and molecular distances to predict heterosis and F1 performance in Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun)	Teklewold A., Becker H.C.	2006	Theoretical and Applied Genetics	112	4	10.1007/s00122-005-0180-3	Holetta Research Centre, Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization, 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Georg-August University, Von-Siebold Str-8, 37075 Gottingen, Germany	Teklewold, A., Holetta Research Centre, Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization, 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Georg-August University, Von-Siebold Str-8, 37075 Gottingen, Germany; Becker, H.C., Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Georg-August University, Von-Siebold Str-8, 37075 Gottingen, Germany	Predicting heterosis and F1 performance from the parental generation could largely enhance the efficiency of breeding hybrid or synthetic cultivars. This study was undertaken to determine the relationship between parental distances estimated from phenotypic traits or molecular markers with heterosis, F1 performance and general combining ability (GCA) in Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata). Nine inbred lines representing seven different geographic regions of Ethiopia were crossed in half-diallel. The nine parents along with their 36 F1s were evaluated in a replicated field trail at three locations in Ethiopia. Distances among the parents were calculated from 14 phenotypic traits (Euclidean distance, ED) and 182 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers (Jaccard's distances, JD), and correlated with heterosis, F1 performance and GCA sum of parents (GCAsum). The correlation between phenotypic and molecular distances was low (r = 0.34, P ≤ 0.05). Parents with low molecular distance also had low phenotypic distance, but parents with high molecular distance had either high, intermediate or low phenotypic distance. Phenotypic distance was highly significantly correlated with mid-parent heterosis (r = 0.53), F1 performance (r = 0.61) and GCA (r = 0.79) for seed yield. Phenotypic distance was also positively correlated with (1) heterosis, F1 performance and GCA for plant height and seeds plant-1, (2) heterosis for number of pods plant-1, and (3) F1 performance for 1,000 seed weight. Molecular distance was correlated with GCAsum (r = 0.36, P ≤ 0.05) but not significantly with heterosis and F1 performance for seed yield. For each parent a mean distance was calculated by averaging the distances to the eight other parents. Likewise, mean heterosis was estimated by averaging the heterosis obtained when each parent is crossed with the other eight. For seed yield, both mean ED and JD were significantly correlated with GCA (r = 0.90, P ≤ 0.01 for ED and r = 0.68, P ≤ 0.05 for JD) and mean heterosis (r = 0.79, P ≤ 0.05 for ED and r = 0.77, P ≤ 0.05 for JD). In conclusion, parental distances estimated from phenotypic traits better predicted heterosis, F1 performance and GCA than distances estimated from RAPD markers. © Springer-Verlag 2005.	None	Distance measurement; Genetic engineering; General combining ability (GCA); Molecular distances; Phenotypic distance; Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD); Crops; article; Brassica; comparative study; cross breeding; genetic marker; genetics; growth, development and aging; heterosis; phenotype; phylogeny; quantitative trait; random amplified polymorphic DNA; Brassica; Crosses, Genetic; Genetic Markers; Hybrid Vigor; Phenotype; Phylogeny; Quantitative Trait, Heritable; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; Farm Crops; Genetic Engineering; Heterosis; Nucleic Acids; Phenotypes; Seeds; Brassica; Brassica carinata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745182897	Assessment of testcross performance and genetic diversity of yellow endosperm maize lines derived from adapted x exotic backcrosses	Menkir A., Olowolafe M.O., Ingelbrecht I., Fawole I., Badu-Apraku B., Vroh B.I.	2006	Theoretical and Applied Genetics	113	1	10.1007/s00122-006-0275-5	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, 5320 Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Menkir, A., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, 5320 Ibadan, Nigeria; Olowolafe, M.O., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, 5320 Ibadan, Nigeria; Ingelbrecht, I., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, 5320 Ibadan, Nigeria; Fawole, I., Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Badu-Apraku, B., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, 5320 Ibadan, Nigeria; Vroh, B.I., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, 5320 Ibadan, Nigeria	Introduction of exotic maize (Zea mays L.) into adapted tropical germplasm may enhance genetic variability and lead to greater progress from selection. The first objective of this study was to determine if yellow endosperm lines derived from adapted × exotic backcrosses contain exotic alleles that are superior to the recurrent adapted parental line for yield and other agronomic traits in tropical environments. Thirteen exotic yellow maize inbred lines were crossed to an adapted orange line (KUSR) and the F1s were backcrossed to KUSR to generate the first backcrosses. Fifty BC1F4 lines derived from these backcrosses and the recurrent parent were crossed to a common inbred tester (L4001) to form testcrosses, which were evaluated at eight environments in Nigeria. Testcrosses of the BC-derived lines differed significantly for grain yield and other agronomic traits. Only two testcrosses yielded significantly less than L4001 × KUSR, with the best 15 testcrosses producing between 289 and 1,056 kg/ha more grain yield than L4001 × KUSR. The best testcrosses were similar to or better than L4001 × KUSR for other agronomic traits. The second objective of this study was to assess the extent of genetic diversity present among the BC-derived lines. We genotyped 46 BC-derived lines including KUSR and L4001 with 10 AFLP primer pairs and found 491 polymorphic fragments. The average allelic diversity of the lines was 0.30 ± 0.01. The genetic distance of each BC-derived line from KUSR ranged between 0.49 and 0.91. The average genetic distance for all pairs of the BC-derived lines was 0.68 ± 0.004, varying from 0.34 to 0.92. The increased grain yield and genetic diversity observed in these studies provide evidence that exotic germplasm can contribute new alleles to expand the genetic base of tropical maize and develop high-yielding hybrids. © Springer-Verlag 2006.	None	Genes; Genetic engineering; Plant cell culture; Endosperm maize; Genetic variability; Germplasm; Crops; article; cross breeding; genetic polymorphism; genetic variability; genetics; maize; Nigeria; Crosses, Genetic; Nigeria; Polymorphism, Genetic; Variation (Genetics); Zea mays; Corn; Genes; Genetic Engineering; Plants; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33947577202	The Merensky Cyclic Unit and its impact on footwall cumulates below Normal and Regional Pothole reef types in the Western Bushveld Complex	Roberts M.D., Reid D.L., Miller J.A., Basson I.J., Roberts M., Smith D.	2007	Mineralium Deposita	42	3	10.1007/s00126-006-0111-5	Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondeb 7701, South Africa; Department of Geology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; 140 North Wilson Avenue, Pasadena, CA, United States; Northam Platinum Mine, P.O. Box 441, Thabazimbi 1380, South Africa; Tect Geological Consulting, 15 Rue le Havre, Monte Sereno, Somerset West 7130, South Africa	Roberts, M.D., Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondeb 7701, South Africa, 140 North Wilson Avenue, Pasadena, CA, United States; Reid, D.L., Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondeb 7701, South Africa; Miller, J.A., Department of Geology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Basson, I.J., Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondeb 7701, South Africa, Tect Geological Consulting, 15 Rue le Havre, Monte Sereno, Somerset West 7130, South Africa; Roberts, M., 140 North Wilson Avenue, Pasadena, CA, United States; Smith, D., Northam Platinum Mine, P.O. Box 441, Thabazimbi 1380, South Africa	The Merensky Reef of the Bushveld Complex occurs in its highest stratigraphic position as a heterogeneous, pegmatitic, feldspathic melanorite bounded by two narrow chromitite stringers at the base of the Merensky Cyclic Unit (MCU). In the Swartklip Facies of the Rustenburg Layered Suite, the occurrence of widespread thermal and mechanical erosion termed "potholing" has led to the subdivision of the Merensky Reef into Normal Reef and Regional Pothole Reef sub-facies. The transition between the two sub-facies occurs where the MCU transgresses the lower chromitite stringer of the Normal Merensky Reef and cuts down into the underlying cumulate lithologies. In the Regional Pothole Reef at the Northam Platinum Mine, several economic reef types are identified, where the Merensky Reef becomes conformable to cumulate layering, in particular, to the footwall marker (NP2 reef type) and the upper pseudoReef (P2 reef type). The Normal Merensky Reef, as well as the P2 and NP2 Reefs, contains economic platinum group element (PGE) grades and includes the lower portion of the MCU melanorite and the Merensky Chromitite. Whole rock geochemistry indicates that this package is compositionally identical in Normal, P2, and NP2 Reefs, suggesting that the base of the MCU is a relatively homogeneous drape over both Normal and Regional Pothole Reef regions. However, the lower sections of the three Reefs are variables depending on the depth of transgression of the MCU. In the Normal and P2 reef types, transgression by the MCU was arrested within harzburgites, melanorites, and norites, resulting in coarse, pegmatitic textures in the immediate footwall units. For the NP2 Reef, transgression by the MCU was arrested within leucocratic rocks and resulted in the formation of troctolites below the Merensky Chromitite. These troctolites are characterised by a coupled relationship between olivine and sulphides and by changes in major element chemistry and PGE contents relative to equivalent units in the footwall of the Normal Reef. Along with micro-textural relationships, these features suggest that troctolization of leucocratic cumulates in the NP2 Reef beneath the Merensky chromitite was a result of a reactive infiltration of a chromite-saturated melt and an immiscible sulphide liquid from the overlying MCU, rather than a significant fluid flux from below. In all reef types, the concentration of S defines symmetrical peaks centred on the Merensky Chromitite (and chromitites from pre-existing cyclic units in Normal and P2 Reefs), whereas PGE concentrations define asymmetrical peaks with higher PGE contents in reconstituted footwall rocks relative to the MCU melanorite. This signature is attributable to a magmatic model of PGE collection followed by deposition towards the base of the MCU and within reconstituted footwall rocks. The continuity of the asymmetrical magmatic PGE signature between the Normal Reef and Regional Pothole Reef sub-facies indicates that PGE mineralization inherent to the Merensky magma occurred as a drape over a variably eroded and subsequent texturally and geochemically reworked or reconstituted footwall. © Springer-Verlag 2006.	Merensky Reef; Mineralization; Platinum group element; Regional Pothole; Troctolite	footwall; geochemistry; magmatism; mineralization; platinum group element; sulfide; Africa; Bushveld Complex; Merensky Reef; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-44949123435	The impact of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission on psychological distress and forgiveness in South Africa	Stein D.J., Seedat S., Kaminer D., Moomal H., Herman A., Sonnega J., Williams D.R.	2008	Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology	43	6	10.1007/s00127-008-0350-0	University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; University of Witwatersrand, Witwatersrand, South Africa; MEDUNSA, Pretoria, South Africa; University of Michigan, Flint, MI, United States; Harward University, Cambridge, MA, United States	Stein, D.J., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Seedat, S., University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Kaminer, D., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Moomal, H., University of Witwatersrand, Witwatersrand, South Africa; Herman, A., MEDUNSA, Pretoria, South Africa; Sonnega, J., University of Michigan, Flint, MI, United States; Williams, D.R., Harward University, Cambridge, MA, United States	Background: Legislation to establish a Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) was passed soon after election of South Africa's first democratic government. Discourse around the TRC focused on the importance of bearing witness to the past, and on the healing powers of forgiveness. However, there was also a concern that individuals with TRC relevant experience would simply be re-traumatized by participation in the process. To date, there has been little empirical data for either hypothesis. Methods: A nationally representative survey of the South African population (n = 4,351) was undertaken 6-8 years after the TRC process began. Information about subjects' exposure to and participation in the TRC was collected, and views about the testimony of survivors and perpetrators were assessed. To determine the predictors of distress, anger, and forgiveness, linear regressions were undertaken with inclusion of demographic variables, exposure to TRC variables, and attitudes to the TRC. Results: Distress was significantly associated with specific demographic factors (female gender, less education), with having a TRC-related experience to share, and with negative perceptions of the TRC (a negative view of survivors' testimony). Anger had similar associations but was also predicted by lower age. Forgiveness was associated with age and education, with being Coloured, and with having a positive view of perpetrator's testimony, while it was inversely associated with having a TRC experience to share. Distress and anger correlated inversely with forgiveness. Perceptions of the TRC were moderately positive irrespective of many demographic variables (race, education, age). Conclusion: In this cross-sectional study, causal relationships are difficult to ascertain. Nevertheless, relationships between increased distress/anger, having a TRC relevant experience to share, and negative perceptions of the TRC, support a view that bearing testimony is not necessarily helpful to survivors. However, in the population as a whole, moderately positive attitudes towards the TRC across sociodemographic variables support a view that the TRC helped provide knowledge and acknowledgment of the past. © Springer-Verlag 2008.	Distress; Forgiveness; South Africa; Truth and reconciliation commission	adult; age; aged; anger; article; attitude; correlation analysis; disease association; distress syndrome; educational status; ethnicity; female; forgiveness; health survey; human; interview; linear regression analysis; major clinical study; male; mental stress; Negro; offender; personal experience; population research; prediction; race; risk factor; sex difference; South Africa; survivor; victim; witness; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anger; Attitude; Crime Victims; Cross-Sectional Studies; Educational Status; Ethnic Groups; Female; Human Rights; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sex Distribution; Social Problems; Socioeconomic Factors; South Africa; Stress, Psychological; Survivors; Violence	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896697922	Traumatic events and their relative PTSD burden in Northern Ireland: A consideration of the impact of the 'Troubles'	Ferry F., Bunting B., Murphy S., O'Neill S., Stein D., Koenen K.	2014	Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology	49	3	10.1007/s00127-013-0757-0	Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Ulster, Magee Campus, Northland Road, Londonderry BT48 7JL, United Kingdom; Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Ulster, Londonderry, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States	Ferry, F., Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Ulster, Magee Campus, Northland Road, Londonderry BT48 7JL, United Kingdom; Bunting, B., Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Ulster, Londonderry, United Kingdom; Murphy, S., Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Ulster, Londonderry, United Kingdom; O'Neill, S., Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Ulster, Londonderry, United Kingdom; Stein, D., Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Koenen, K., Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States	Purpose: Over a 30-year period in its recent history, daily life in Northern Ireland (NI) was characterised by civil violence, colloquially termed as the 'Troubles'. The current report examines exposure to 29 traumatic event types and the associated conditional prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among the Northern Ireland population, with a focus on the impact of traumatic events that were characteristic of the NI 'Troubles'. Method: Results presented are based on analysis of data from the Northern Ireland Study of Health and Stress (NISHS). The NISHS is a representative epidemiological study of mental health among the NI adult population (N = 4,340) and part of the World Mental Health Survey Initiative. Results: Perpetration of violence, physical assault by a spouse or partner and private events were the event types associated with the highest conditional prevalence of PTSD. Despite this elevated risk, collectively these events accounted for just 16.8 % of the overall public burden of PTSD, given their low prevalence among the general population. Events that were characteristic of civil conflict, including unexpected death of a loved one, witnessing death or a dead body or someone seriously injured and being mugged or threatened with a weapon accounted for the highest proportion of the overall public health burden of PTSD (18.6, 9.4 and 7.8 %, respectively). These findings are a feature of the higher prevalence of these events among the general population coupled with their moderate to above average risk of PTSD. Conclusions: Despite the formal end to conflict in NI in 1999, a substantial proportion of the adult population continue to suffer the adverse mental health effects of chronic trauma exposure. Given rates of recovery of PTSD in the absence of evidence-based treatments, it is likely that the legacy of mental ill health associated with conflict, if not adequately addressed, will endure for many years. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Conflict; Mental health; Northern Ireland; PTSD; Trauma	adult; aged; article; cost of illness; female; human; male; mental health; mental stress; middle aged; posttraumatic stress disorder; prevalence; psychological aspect; statistics; United Kingdom; violence; Adult; Aged; Cost of Illness; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Health; Middle Aged; Northern Ireland; Prevalence; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Stress, Psychological; Violence	R01 MH070884, NIMH, National Institute of Mental Health; R01 MH093612-01, NIMH, National Institute of Mental Health; R03- TW006481, FIC, Fogarty International Center
Scopus	2-s2.0-26644440930	Evaluation of lead and cadmium levels in some commonly consumed vegetables in the Niger-Delta oil area of Nigeria	Eriyamremu G.E., Asagba S.O., Akpoborie I.A., Ojeaburu S.I.	2005	Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology	75	2	10.1007/s00128-005-0749-1	Department of Biochemistry, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin-City, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; Department of Geology, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Delta State, Ni	Eriyamremu, G.E., Department of Biochemistry, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin-City, Nigeria; Asagba, S.O., Department of Biochemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; Akpoborie, I.A., Department of Geology, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; Ojeaburu, S.I., Department of Biochemistry, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin-City, Nigeria	[No abstract available]	None	cadmium; lead; rain; article; contamination; human; industrial area; Nigeria; pollutant; pollution; safety; soil; vegetable; Cadmium; Food Contamination; Lead; Nigeria; Vegetables	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-71449086098	Evaluation of endocrine disruptor levels in Kafue lechwe (kobus leche kafuensis) Samples from the blue Lagoon National Park of Zambia	Sichilongo K., Torto N.	2009	Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology	83	6	10.1007/s00128-009-9843-0	Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, P/B 00704, Gaborone, Botswana; Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa	Sichilongo, K., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, P/B 00704, Gaborone, Botswana; Torto, N., Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa	The concentrations of endocrine disruptors were determined in 36 liver tissue, serum and whole blood sample extracts drawn from 15 Blue Lagoon National Park Kafue lechwe. Out of 10 analytes evaluated, 89% of the sample extracts showed very high dieldrin concentrations of between 0.08-100 μg/mL in serum, 0.08-24.8 μg/mL in whole blood and 0.08-4.6 μg/g wet weight in liver tissue extracts. pp-DDE was detected in 83% of the sample extracts at 0.006-5.1 μg/mL in serum, 0.006-8.5 μg/mL in whole blood and 0.006-0.12 μg/g wet weight in liver tissue extracts. There was strong correlation between pp-DDE and dieldrin in all the three matrices. Deltamethrin and endosulfan detected at 50% frequency each. Percent recoveries in spiked laboratory blanks ranged between 60-100% while calculated detection limits ranged from 0.004 to 0.21 μg/mL for all the endocrine disruptors evaluated. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Blue Lagoon; Dieldrin; Kafue lechwe; Pp-DDE; Zambia	Analytes; Deltamethrin; Detection limits; Endocrine disruptor; Endosulfans; Liver tissue; National parks; Strong correlation; Wet weight; Whole blood; Blood; Insecticides; Lakes; Liver; Parks; Extraction; aldrin; deltamethrin; dieldrin; endocrine disruptor; endosulfan; heptachlor; animal tissue; antelope; article; blood sampling; female; Kobus leche kafuensis; lagoon; liver; male; national park; nonhuman; Zambia; Animals; Antelopes; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; Dieldrin; Endocrine Disruptors; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollutants; Female; Liver; Male; Zambia; Kobus leche	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956095468	Characterization and safety evaluation of the impact of hydrocarbon contaminants on ecological receptors	Nwaichi E.O., Onyeike E.N., Wegwu M.O.	2010	Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology	85	2	10.1007/s00128-010-0062-5	Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria	Nwaichi, E.O., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Onyeike, E.N., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Wegwu, M.O., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria	Hydrocarbon-contaminant removal efficiency of Bambara groundnuts and biomagnification was investigated. The crude oil contaminated soil samples in which the plants were established were either un-amended, or amended with NPK, or Urea, or Poultry manure. Amendments improved phytoextraction rates as follows: Urea - 63.37%, NPK - 65.99%, Poultry - manure - 70.04%, for PAH; Urea - 78.80%, NPK - 79.80%, Poultry manure - 87.90%, for BTEX. Hazard characterization from 28-day feeding study revealed negative effects of potentially toxic BTEX and PAH on organ weight, optimum digestibility and animal growth rate. Sleep time decreased with increasing hydrocarbon concentrations probably due to increased liver enzyme activity. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Exposure; Food safety; Hydrocarbon contamination; Phytoremediation	Biomagnification; Contaminant removal; Ecological receptors; Exposure; Food safety; Hydrocarbon contamination; Oil contaminated soil; Phytoextraction; Phytoremediation; Poultry manure; Safety evaluations; Sleep time; Bioremediation; Contamination; Crude oil; Enzyme activity; Health; Hydrocarbons; Impurities; Manures; Metabolism; Removal; Soil pollution; Soil pollution control; Urea; Chemical contamination; fertilizer; petroleum; animal; article; biomass; bioremediation; body weight; chemistry; drug effect; environmental monitoring; female; food chain; growth, development and aging; legume; Nigeria; organ size; peanut; plant root; rat; sleep; soil pollutant; Wistar rat; Animals; Arachis hypogaea; Biodegradation, Environmental; Biomass; Body Weight; Environmental Monitoring; Fabaceae; Female; Fertilizers; Food Chain; Nigeria; Organ Size; Petroleum; Plant Roots; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sleep; Soil Pollutants; Animalia; Arachis hypogaea; Bambara	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78651226915	Impact of fertilizers on heavy metal loads in surface soils in Nzoia Nucleus estate sugarcane farms in Western Kenya	Omwoma S., Lalah J.O., Ongeri D.M.K., Wanyonyi M.B.	2010	Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology	85	6	10.1007/s00128-010-0133-7	Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333, Maseno 40105, Kenya	Omwoma, S., Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333, Maseno 40105, Kenya; Lalah, J.O.; Ongeri, D.M.K., Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333, Maseno 40105, Kenya; Wanyonyi, M.B., Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333, Maseno 40105, Kenya	Analysis of heavy metals in top soil samples from Nzoia sugarcane farms in Western Kenya found elevated levels of heavy metals in the soils with mean concentrations (mg kg -1 dry weight) of 142.38, 59.12, 73.35, 116.27, 409.84 (dry season) and 144.22, 50.29, 72.14, 158.81, 368.83 (wet season) for Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn and Fe, respectively, compared with a control soil sample from an adjacent field where fertilizers are not applied having mean concentrations of 117.27, 61.87, 63.68, 123.49, 282.93 (dry season) 108.00, 50.68, 66.10, 114.23, 167.01 (wet season), respectively. The heavy metal loads in the sugarcane farms were above international standards. The levels of the same metals in the fertilizers used in the sugarcane farms were within acceptable international standards. A risk assessment of the continued use of phosphate fertilizer (DAP) in the farms based on a 50-year period, did not exceed international threshold. The soil pH values (6.18 dry season and 5.66 wet season) were low compared to the control (7.46 dry season and 7.10 wet season) a situation that could accelerate heavy metal solubility and mobility in the farm soil. Lowering of soil pH was attributed mainly to fertilizer application and partly to increased organic matter content as shown by the high mean total organic carbon content values of 8.63% (dry season) and 8.43 (wet season) in comparison with a control soil meant total organic carbon content value of 4.76% (dry season) and 5.02 (wet season). © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Fertilizer impact; Heavy metals; Kenya; Nzoia; Sugarcane farms	Continued use; Dry seasons; Dry weight; Elevated level; Farm soils; Fertilizer applications; International standards; Kenya; Mean concentrations; Metal solubility; Nzoia; Organic matter content; Soil pH; Soil sample; Surface soil; Top soils; Total organic carbon content; Wet season; Agricultural chemicals; Chromium; Curing; Drought; Farms; Lead; Metals; Organic carbon; Phosphate fertilizers; Risk assessment; Soil surveys; Soils; Soil pollution; fertilizer; heavy metal; agriculture; article; environmental monitoring; industrial waste; Kenya; pH; risk assessment; season; soil pollutant; sugarcane; Agriculture; Environmental Monitoring; Fertilizers; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Industrial Waste; Kenya; Metals, Heavy; Risk Assessment; Saccharum; Seasons; Soil Pollutants	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955879442	Multielemental analysis of migori (Southwest, Kenya) artisanal gold mine ores and sediments by EDX-ray fluorescence technique: Implications of occupational exposure and environmental impact	Odumo O.B., Mustapha A.O., Patel J.P., Angeyo H.K.	2011	Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology	86	5	10.1007/s00128-011-0242-y	Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Odumo, O.B., Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Mustapha, A.O., Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Patel, J.P., Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Angeyo, H.K., Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya	The results of heavy element profiling of the gold ores and sediments associated with the artisanal gold mining activities of the Migori gold belt of Southwestern Nyanza, Kenya, were reported in this paper. The analysis was made to assess the occupational exposure of the miners as well as to investigate the environmental impact of toxic heavy metals. Gold ores and sediments from the artisanal gold processing were sampled in four artisanal gold mining areas: Osiri A, Osiri B, Mikei and Macalder (Makalda) and analyzed for heavy elemental content using 109Cd radioisotope excited EDXRF spectrometry technique. Analysis consisted of direct irradiating of sample pellets. The concentrations of major elements detected were: titanium (711.41-10,766.67 mg/kg); cobalt (82.65-1,010.00 mg/kg); zinc (29.90-63,210 mg/kg); arsenic (29.30-8,246.59 mg/kg); gold (14.07-73.48 mg/kg); lead (16.31-14,999.40 mg/kg) and mercury (16.10-149.93 mg/kg). The average concentration of the heavy toxic metals i.e. arsenic, lead, titanium and zinc were found to be above 50 mg/Kg as recommended by World Health Organization. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	EDXRF; Gold mining; Ores and sediments; Toxic heavy metals	Artisanal gold minings; Average concentration; EDXRF; Elemental contents; Fluorescence technique; Gold mining; Gold ores; Gold processing; Heavy elements; Major elements; Multi-elemental analysis; Occupational exposure; Spectrometry technique; Toxic heavy metals; Toxic metals; World Health Organization; Anoxic sediments; Arsenic; Chemical elements; Cobalt; Environmental impact; Gold; Gold mines; Heavy metals; Mercury (metal); Metal analysis; Ores; Sedimentology; Spectrometry; Titanium; Toxic materials; Zinc; Gold ore treatment; gold; heavy metal; article; chemistry; environmental monitoring; human; instrumentation; Kenya; methodology; mining; occupational exposure; sediment; soil pollutant; spectrometry; statistics; Environmental Monitoring; Geologic Sediments; Gold; Humans; Kenya; Metals, Heavy; Mining; Occupational Exposure; Soil Pollutants; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856556176	Seasonal variability in cadmium, lead, copper, zinc and iron concentrations in the three major fish species, oreochromis niloticus, lates niloticus and rastrineobola argentea in winam gulf, Lake Victoria: Impact of wash-off into the lake	Ongeri D.M.K., Lalah J.O., Wandiga S.O., Schramm K.-W., Michalke B.	2012	Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology	88	2	10.1007/s00128-011-0472-z	Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333, Maseno, Kenya; Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Kenya Polytechnic University College, P.O. Box 52428, City Square, Nairobi 00200, Kenya; Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German National Research Centre for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany	Ongeri, D.M.K., Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333, Maseno, Kenya; Lalah, J.O., Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Kenya Polytechnic University College, P.O. Box 52428, City Square, Nairobi 00200, Kenya; Wandiga, S.O., Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; Schramm, K.-W., Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German National Research Centre for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Michalke, B., Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German National Research Centre for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany	Trace metals Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) and Iron (Fe) were analyzed in edible portions of three main finfish species namely Lates niloticus, Oreochromis niloticus and Rastrineobola argentea sampled from various beaches of Winam Gulf, Lake Victoria, Kenya, in order to determine any seasonal and site variations and the results showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher mean concentrations of Cd, Cu, Zn and Fe during the wet season compared to the dry season for all the three species indicating the impact of wash-off into the lake during the rainy periods. The overall mean concentrations of the heavy metals (in μg/g dry weight) in all combined samples ranged from 0.17-0.40 (Cd), 0.47-2.53 (Pb), 2.13-8.74 (Cu), 28.9-409.3 (Zn) and 31.4-208.1 (Fe), respectively. It was found that consumption of Rastrineobola argentea can be a significant source of heavy metals especially Zn, to humans, compared with Lates niloticus and Oreochromis niloticus, if only the muscle parts of the latter two are consumed. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Fish; Heavy-metals; Human-consumption; Lake Victoria	Dry seasons; Dry weight; Fish species; Human-consumption; Iron concentrations; Lake Victoria; Lates niloticus; Mean concentrations; Oreochromis niloticus; Seasonal variability; Site variation; Trace metal; Wet season; Winam Gulf; Cadmium; Fish; Lakes; Lead; Metals; Pollution; Trace elements; Zinc; Copper; cadmium; copper; heavy metal; iron; zinc; animal; article; chemistry; cichlid; diet; environmental monitoring; fish; human; Kenya; lake; metabolism; muscle; season; statistics; water pollutant; water pollution; Animals; Cadmium; Cichlids; Copper; Diet; Environmental Monitoring; Fishes; Humans; Iron; Kenya; Lakes; Metals, Heavy; Muscles; Seasons; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Pollution, Chemical; Zinc; Lates niloticus; Oreochromis niloticus; Rastrineobola argentea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867577556	Mercury bio-concentration by Puffballs (Lycoperdon perlatum) and evaluation of dietary intake risks	Falandysz J., Nnorom I.C., Jarzyńska G., Romińska D., Damps K.	2012	Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology	89	4	10.1007/s00128-012-0788-3	Institute of Environmental Sciences and Public Health, University of Gdańsk, 18 Sobieskiego Str, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland; Environmental Chemistry Unit, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria	Falandysz, J., Institute of Environmental Sciences and Public Health, University of Gdańsk, 18 Sobieskiego Str, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland; Nnorom, I.C., Environmental Chemistry Unit, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria; Jarzyńska, G., Institute of Environmental Sciences and Public Health, University of Gdańsk, 18 Sobieskiego Str, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland; Romińska, D., Institute of Environmental Sciences and Public Health, University of Gdańsk, 18 Sobieskiego Str, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland; Damps, K., Institute of Environmental Sciences and Public Health, University of Gdańsk, 18 Sobieskiego Str, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland	In the present study, Hg bioconcentration by Puffball (Lycoperdon perlatum) mushroom was investigated. Total Hg content of fruiting bodies and topsoil (0-10 cm layer) were determined by cold-vapour atomic absorption spectroscopy. For ten geographically distant sampling sites of Poland, Hg ranged from 0.91 ±0.28 to 2.4 ± 0.4 (overall range 0.57-4.5) μg/g dry weight in the carpophores and 0.012 ± 0.002 to 0.063 ±0.024 (overall range 0.0077-0.12) μg/g dw in topsoil. The mean values of the bioconcentration factor ranged from 28 ± 11 to 110 ± 36 (range 9.6-280) indicating that L. perlatum effectively accumulates Hg and could be classified as a Hg accumulator. Total Hg content of L. perlatum to some degree seems to be determined both by degree of soil contamination and metal bioavailability to mycelium and also the rate of transfer and accumulation in fruiting bodies at the sites surveyed. Summarized and discussed are published data available on total Hg and methylmercury in L. perlatum. © The Author(s) 2012.	Bioconcentration; Foods; Forest; Mushrooms; Soils; Wild foods	Atomic absorption spectroscopy; Bioconcentration; Bioconcentration factor; Dietary intakes; Dry weight; Forest; Fruiting bodies; Mean values; Metal bioavailability; Methyl mercury; Mushrooms; Sampling site; Soil contamination; Wild food; Atomic absorption spectrometry; Bioaccumulation; Biochemistry; Food products; Fungi; Mercury compounds; Soil pollution; Soils; Mercury (metal); mercury; Agaricales; article; chemistry; diet; environmental monitoring; food contamination; Poland; soil pollutant; statistics; Agaricales; Diet; Environmental Monitoring; Food Contamination; Mercury; Poland; Soil Pollutants; Basidiomycota; Lycoperdon perlatum; Marshallia caespitosa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33751509951	Design optimization of containers for sloshing and impact	Craig K.J., Kingsley T.C.	2007	Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization	33	1	10.1007/s00158-006-0038-6	Multi-Disciplinary Optimization Group (MDOG), Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Craig, K.J., Multi-Disciplinary Optimization Group (MDOG), Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Kingsley, T.C., Multi-Disciplinary Optimization Group (MDOG), Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	A multidisciplinary design and optimization (MDO) method is presented to support the design process of partially filled liquid containers subject to the disciplines of sloshing and impact analyses. Experimental techniques are used to understand sloshing as a phenomenon and to evaluate the computational fluid dynamics code. Validation includes qualitative comparison of visual free-surface behavior and quantitative comparisons of pressure measurements in the time and frequency domain. The liquid motion exhibits good comparisons in time. Deviations are caused by both the experimental signal filtration process and deficiencies in the low-frequency measurement capability of the accelerometer. The first two odd oscillatory modes are accurately captured. An objective function for the quantitative evaluation of the sloshing phenomenon is proposed. For impact the von Mises baffle stress is used. Single and multidisciplinary optimization formulations using LS-OPT are presented and examined. The multidisciplinary optimum proved to be a compromise between the optima obtained when considering the two single disciplines independently. © Springer-Verlag 2006.	Free-surface modeling; Impact; Mathematical optimization; MDO; Sloshing	Computational fluid dynamics; Design; Optimization; Signal filtering and prediction; Free surface; Frequency measurement; Liquid containers; Containers	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951948808	The performance of PCD tools in high-speed milling of Ti6Al4V	Oosthuizen G.A., Akdogan G., Treurnicht N.	2011	International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology	52	42625	10.1007/s00170-010-2804-2	Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Department of Process Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Oosthuizen, G.A., Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Akdogan, G., Department of Process Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Treurnicht, N., Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Tool performance of conventional tools is poor and a major constraint when used in milling titanium alloys at elevated cutting speeds. At these high cutting speeds, the chemical and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V cause complex wear mechanisms. In this paper, a fine-grain polycrystalline diamond (PCD) end mill tool was tested, and its wear behavior was studied. The performance of the PCD tool has been investigated in terms of tool life, cutting forces, and surface roughness. The PCD tool yielded longer tool life than a coated carbide tool at cutting speeds above 100 m/min. A slower wear progression was found with an increase in cutting speeds, whereas the norm is an exponential increase in tool wear at elevated speeds. Observations based on scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDAX) analysis suggest that adhesion of the workpiece is the wear main type, after which degradation of the tools accelerates probable due to the combined effect of high temperature degradation coupled with abrasion. © 2010 The Author(s).	High speed; Milling; PCD tool; Thermal softening; Ti6Al4V; Tool wear	High speed; Milling; PCD tool; Thermal softening; Ti-6al-4v; Tool wear; Carbide tools; Carbides; Cutting tools; Degradation; Diamond cutting tools; Energy dispersive spectroscopy; Mechanical properties; Milling (machining); Scanning electron microscopy; Speed; Surface roughness; Titanium; Titanium alloys; Tribology; Wear of materials; Equipment	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925534625	Performance of mixed ceramics and CBN tools during hard turning of martensitic stainless steel	Sobiyi K., Sigalas I., Akdogan G., Turan Y.	2015	International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology	77	42498	10.1007/s00170-014-6506-z	School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Process Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Castco Precision Castings, P.O. Box 19133, Tygerberg, South Africa	Sobiyi, K., School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, Johannesburg, South Africa; Sigalas, I., School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, Johannesburg, South Africa; Akdogan, G., Department of Process Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Turan, Y., Castco Precision Castings, P.O. Box 19133, Tygerberg, South Africa	This paper describes the wear behavior of a ceramic and a PcBN cutting tool during the turning of AISI 440B stainless steels at different machining conditions. Experimental results showed that the wear mechanism for ceramic cutting tool is predominantly abrasive wear and for cBN tools was adhesive wear and abrasive wear. The abrasive wear is as a result of hard carbide particles in the workpiece material resulting in grooves formed on the flank face. There was formation of transferred layer followed by plastic deformation on the rake face of PcBN tool when cutting at low speed and feed rate. Better surface finish (Ra) was recorded for ceramics but with deteriorating surface topography. The results also show that good dimensional accuracy can be achieved with cBN tools using CNC machine with high static and dimensional stiffness coupled with high-precision hard turning. © 2014, Springer-Verlag London.	Cutting tool; Hard turning; Mixed ceramics; PcBN	Abrasion; Abrasives; Carbides; Ceramic cutting tools; Ceramic materials; Computer control systems; Cubic boron nitride; Cutting tools; Machinery; Martensitic stainless steel; Surface topography; Tribology; Dimensional accuracy; Hard turning; Machining conditions; Mixed ceramic; PcBN; PCBN cutting tools; Transferred layer; Workpiece materials; Stainless steel	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84942364410	Tool life estimation based on acoustic emission monitoring in end-milling of H13 mould-steel	Olufayo O., Abou-El-Hossein K.	2015	International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology	81	42373	10.1007/s00170-015-7091-5	Laboratory of Precision Engineering, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa	Olufayo, O., Laboratory of Precision Engineering, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Abou-El-Hossein, K., Laboratory of Precision Engineering, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa	Developing a reliable monitoring system is essential to create an autonomous manufacturing industry for increased productivity. The tool life of a machine tool is a major key parameter in accessing process quality control for developing an automated system. Various machining parameters are known to have different effects on the tool life criterion. Thus, it is essential to estimate the correlation of these parameters on tool life. The aim of this research is geared at estimating the tool life criterion from the effects of machining parameters and monitors the high-speed end-milling process of H13 tool with coated carbide inserts using highly correlated AE features. Furthermore, it proposes a diagnostic scheme using a multi-sensor approach for categorising the state of the tool. This scheme uses feature components extracted via statistical means and wavelet transform to serve as inputs for a neural network. The results found that increased speed decreased tool life and feed rate possesses a negative correlation to wear. © 2015, Springer-Verlag London.	Acoustic emission; Machining; Tool life	Acoustic emission testing; Acoustic emissions; Automation; Carbide cutting tools; Carbides; Damage detection; Machine tools; Machining; Machining centers; Milling (machining); Wavelet transforms; Acoustic emission monitoring; Coated carbide insert; High speed end milling; Increased productivity; Manufacturing industries; Process quality control; Reliable monitoring systems; Tool life; Cutting tools	None
None	None	Psychosocial impact of obstetric fistula in women presenting for surgical care in Tanzania	Siddle K., Mwambingu S., Malinga T., Fiander A.	2013	International Urogynecology Journal and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction	24	7	10.1007/s00192-012-1994-6	Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom; Obstetric Fistula Department, Comprehensive Community Based Rehabilitation in Tanzania (CCBRT) Disability Hospital, PO Box 23310, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Siddle, K., Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom, Obstetric Fistula Department, Comprehensive Community Based Rehabilitation in Tanzania (CCBRT) Disability Hospital, PO Box 23310, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Mwambingu, S., Obstetric Fistula Department, Comprehensive Community Based Rehabilitation in Tanzania (CCBRT) Disability Hospital, PO Box 23310, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Malinga, T., Obstetric Fistula Department, Comprehensive Community Based Rehabilitation in Tanzania (CCBRT) Disability Hospital, PO Box 23310, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Fiander, A., Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom, Obstetric Fistula Department, Comprehensive Community Based Rehabilitation in Tanzania (CCBRT) Disability Hospital, PO Box 23310, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Introduction and hypothesis World Health Organisation data suggest that two million women live with the physical and psychosocial effects of obstetric fistula. As part of an expanded fistula programme in Tanzania, Comprehensive Community Based Rehabilitation in Tanzania (CCBRT) introduced an evaluation strategy to include impact of surgery on psychosocial aspects of obstetric fistula. This is an initial report documenting morbidity on admission. Methods A questionnaire assessing the impact of obstetric fistula was developed taking into account literature in the field including sections on: patient contact information, transport costs and a set of statements regarding the effects of fistula. The effects were spread across five domains: the physical consequences of obstetric fistula, the effects of a difficult delivery and possible stillbirth, the experience of isolation, the inability to undertake daily living activities and feelings of depression. The questionnaire was administered in Kiswahili by Tanzanian counsellors shortly after admission of patients onto the fistula ward. Results A total of 100 fistula patients reported high rates of physical and psychosocial morbidity. Over half of the patients said they would not have been able to access treatment without the transport costs being covered. Conclusions Fistula patients are affected by extremely high rates of physical and psychosocial morbidity. Further work is required to confirm these findings, validate assessment tools and assess contributing factors in greater detail over time, such as the effect of stillbirth, as well as the impact of surgery. © The International Urogynecological Association 2012.	Depression; Fistula; Obstetric fistula; Psychosocial effects; Stillbirth; Vesico-vaginal fistula	ADL disability; adult; article; childbirth; cystovaginal fistula; depression; female; financial management; health care access; hospital admission; human; major clinical study; morbidity; patient information; patient transport; physical capacity; priority journal; questionnaire; rectovaginal fistula; self concept; social isolation; social psychology; stillbirth; suicidal behavior; Tanzania; Dystocia; Female; Humans; Male; Pregnancy; Retrospective Studies; Tanzania; Vaginal Fistula	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33746394168	Effect of compressible foam properties on pressure amplification during shock wave impact	Seitz M.W., Skews B.W.	2006	Shock Waves	15	42433	10.1007/s00193-006-0033-2	School of Mechanical, Industrial, and Aeronautical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, PO WITS, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa	Seitz, M.W., School of Mechanical, Industrial, and Aeronautical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, PO WITS, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; Skews, B.W., School of Mechanical, Industrial, and Aeronautical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, PO WITS, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa	A comprehensive study is made of the influence of the physical properties of compressible open-cell foam blocks exposed to shock-wave loading, and particularly on the pressure distribution on the shock tube walls. Seven different foams are used, with three different shock Mach numbers, and three different slab lengths. Foam properties examined include permeability, density, stiffness, tortuosity and cell characteristics. The investigations concentrate on both side-wall and back-wall pressures, and the peak pressures achieved, as well as collapse velocities of the front face and the strength and nature of the reflected shock wave. The consequences of deviations from one-dimensionality are identified; primarily those due to wall friction and side-wall leakage. The results presented are the most comprehensive and wide ranging series conducted in a single facility and are thus a significant resource for comparison with theoretical and numerical studies. The different foams show significant differences in behavior, both in terms of peak pressure and duration, depending primarily on their density and permeability.	Complex materials; Foam; Porous; Shock impact; Shock-wave reflection	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899626945	The impact of missing data on clinical trials: A re-analysis of a placebo controlled trial of Hypericum perforatum (St Johns wort) and sertraline in major depressive disorder	Grobler A.C., Matthews G., Molenberghs G.	2014	Psychopharmacology	231	9	10.1007/s00213-013-3344-x	Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Durban 4013, South Africa; School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; I-BioStat, Universiteit Hasselt, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium	Grobler, A.C., Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Durban 4013, South Africa; Matthews, G., School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Molenberghs, G., I-BioStat, Universiteit Hasselt, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium	Rationale and objective: Hypericum perforatum (St John's wort) is used to treat depression, but the effectiveness has not been established. Recent guidelines described the analysis of clinical trials with missing data, inspiring the reanalysis of this trial using proper missing data methods. The objective was to determine whether hypericum was superior to placebo in treating major depression. Methods: A placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial was conducted for 8 weeks to determine the effectiveness of hypericum or sertraline in reducing depression, measured using the Hamilton depression scale. We performed sensitivity analyses under different assumptions about the missing data process. Results: Three hundred forty participants were randomized, with 28 % lost to follow-up. The missing data mechanism was not missing completely at random. Under missing at random assumptions, some sensitivity analyses found no difference between either treatment arm and placebo, while some sensitivity analyses found a significant difference from baseline to week 8 between sertraline and placebo (-1.28, 95 % credible interval [-2.48; -0.08]), but not between hypericum and placebo (0.56, [-0.64;1.76]). The results were similar when the missing data process was assumed to be missing not at random. Conclusions: There is no difference between hypericum and placebo, regardless of the assumption about the missing data process. There is a significant difference between sertraline and placebo with some statistical methods used. It is important to conduct an analysis that takes account of missing data using valid statistically principled methods. The assumptions about the missing data process could influence the results. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Antidepressant; Bayesian; Hamilton depression scale; Herbal medicine; Hypericum perforatum; Missing at random; Missing not at random; Multiple imputation; Sertraline; St John's wort	Hypericum perforatum extract; placebo; sertraline; article; comparative effectiveness; data analysis; drug efficacy; Hamilton scale; human; information processing; major clinical study; major depression; maximum likelihood method; missing data; multiple imputation method; priority journal; randomized controlled trial; randomized controlled trial (topic); sensitivity analysis; statistical analysis; validation process	N01MH70007, NIMH, National Institute of Mental Health
Scopus	2-s2.0-17444386363	Production and quality evaluation of a nonfermented beverage prepared from dehydrated plantain pulp	Akubor P.I.	2005	European Food Research and Technology	220	2	10.1007/s00217-004-1019-x	Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Federal Polytechnic, PMB 1037, Idah, Nigeria	Akubor, P.I., Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Federal Polytechnic, PMB 1037, Idah, Nigeria	Ripe plantain (Musa paradisiaca) pulp was cut into thin slices, oven dried (70°C, 6 h), milled, and sieved to produce flour. A beverage was formulated from the plantain flour at 1:7 (flour:water) ratio and 4% (w/v) sucrose addition level. The physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the beverage were evaluated. The effect of addition of various flavors on the sensory quality of the beverage was studied. The microbial status of the beverage was also assessed. The results showed that the plantain beverage contained 1.5% protein, 0.4% fat, 1.7% ash, 81% moisture, 15% total carbohydrate, 14 mg/100 ml ascorbic acid, and had pH 4.8. The sensory quality scores showed that the beverage was generally acceptable. Flavoring of the beverage did not significantly (p>0.05) improve its sensory quality attributes and overall acceptability preference. Total aerobic bacterial and Enterobacteriaceae counts were <100 cfu/ml. Yeast, mold, and Staphylococcus aureus were not detected in the plantain beverage. © Springer-Verlag 2004.	Beverage; Composition; Dehydration; Microbial status; Plantain; Sensory quality	Beverages; Composition; Crops; Dehydration; Fruits; pH effects; Sensors; Microbial status; Plantain; Ripe plantain; Sensory quality; Pulp; Beverages; Dehydration; Farm Crops; Formulations; Fruits; Ph; Pulps; Sensors; Bacteria (microorganisms); Enterobacteriaceae; Musa x paradisiaca; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34648817250	Maleic anhydride derivatives of a protein isolate: Preparation and functional evaluation	Lawal O.S., Dawodu M.O.	2007	European Food Research and Technology	226	02-Jan	10.1007/s00217-006-0525-4	Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstr. 45, Hamburg 20146, Germany; Department of Chemical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, P.M.B 2002, Agolwoye, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bowen	Lawal, O.S., Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstr. 45, Hamburg 20146, Germany, Department of Chemical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, P.M.B 2002, Agolwoye, Nigeria; Dawodu, M.O., Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria	African locust bean protein isolate (NPI) was acylated with maleic anhydride at various concentrations. Addition of maleic anhydride at the levels of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 g/g of protein produced 36.4% (MP1), 43.7% (MP2) and 73.6% (MP3) of maleylated protein isolate, respectively. Water absorption capacity increased after maleylation but oil absorption capacity reduced progressively with increase in level of modification. Results also revealed that gelation capacities reduced after protein modifications. Emulsifying activity (EA) and emulsion stability (ES) increased following protein modification. In addition, corresponding increases in emulsifying properties were observed with increase in degree of modification of the proteins. Maleylation improved the foaming capacity of the native protein. Foaming capacity increased with increases in protein concentration for both native and maleylated protein derivatives while progressive decline in foam stability occurred with increases in level of protein modification. © 2006 Springer-Verlag.	Functional properties; Maleic anhydride; Modification; Protein isolate	Derivatives; Emulsions; Gelation; Maleic anhydride; Water absorption; Emulsifying activity (EA); Emulsion stability (ES); Foam stability; Functional properties; Protein isolate; Proteins; Parkia filicoidea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864378106	Impact of miniature geolocation loggers on a small petrel, the thin-billed prion Pachyptila belcheri	Quillfeldt P., McGill R.A.R., Furness R.W., Möstl E., Ludynia K., Masello J.F.	2012	Marine Biology	159	8	10.1007/s00227-012-1971-0	Max-Planck-Institut für Ornithologie, Vogelwarte Radolfzell, Germany; Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 38, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry Facility, Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, East Kilbride, Glasgow G75 0QF, United Kingdom; College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; Department of Natural Sciences-Biochemistry, Veterinary University of Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Animal Demography Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa	Quillfeldt, P., Max-Planck-Institut für Ornithologie, Vogelwarte Radolfzell, Germany, Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 38, 35392 Giessen, Germany; McGill, R.A.R., Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry Facility, Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, East Kilbride, Glasgow G75 0QF, United Kingdom; Furness, R.W., College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; Möstl, E., Department of Natural Sciences-Biochemistry, Veterinary University of Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Ludynia, K., Max-Planck-Institut für Ornithologie, Vogelwarte Radolfzell, Germany, Animal Demography Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa; Masello, J.F., Max-Planck-Institut für Ornithologie, Vogelwarte Radolfzell, Germany, Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 38, 35392 Giessen, Germany	Effects of deployment of miniaturised transmitters and loggers have been studied mainly in diving seabirds such as penguins, and less so in flying seabirds. However, some studies of albatrosses and petrels recorded extended trip durations and elevated rates of nest desertion following device attachment, especially if transmitter loads exceeded 3 % of adult mass. Studies have usually compared performance parameters such as trip duration, meal mass, breeding success or rate of return in the next season between birds with devices and controls. We here examined the effects of geolocator loggers (Global Location Sensing, (GLS)) on thin-billed prions Pachyptila belcheri (130 g), by comparing performance parameters and additionally eco-physiological parameters. GLS weighed ca. 1 % of the body mass, and were fixed on leg rings, which may influence the flight efficiency by creating an asymmetric load. We found no differences in the performance parameters, either in the season of attachment or the season following recovery. Similar stable isotope ratios in adult blood and feather samples further indicated that the foraging ecology was not influenced. However, after 1 year of logger deployment, adults differed in their hormonal response to stress: while baseline corticosterone levels were not influenced, corticosterone levels in response to handling were elevated. Moreover, increased heterophil/lymphocyte ratios and a decreased tail growth in winter suggest that carrying the GLS was energetically costly, and adults adapted physiologically to the higher work load, while keeping up a normal breeding performance. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.	None	adaptation; bioenergetics; body mass; brood desertion; comparative study; environmental stress; foraging efficiency; hormone; isotopic ratio; parameterization; physiological response; reproductive success; seabird; sensor; stable isotope; tagging; Aves; Diomedeidae; Pachyptila belcheri; Procellariidae; Spheniscidae	None
None	None	Lack of impact of artesunate on the disposition kinetics of sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine when the two drugs are concomitantly administered	Minzi O.M.S., Gupta A., Haule A.F., Kagashe G.A.B., Massele A.Y., Gustafsson L.L.	2007	European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology	63	5	10.1007/s00228-007-0278-4	Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 65013, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Shelys Pharmaceutical Limited, P.O. BOX 3016, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 65013, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 65010, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 41 86, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden	Minzi, O.M.S., Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 65013, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Gupta, A., Shelys Pharmaceutical Limited, P.O. BOX 3016, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Haule, A.F., Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 65013, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Kagashe, G.A.B., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 65013, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Massele, A.Y., Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 65010, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Gustafsson, L.L., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 41 86, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden	Objective: To determine the effect of artesunate (AT) on the disposition kinetics of sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP) in humans. Methods: In a randomized cross-over study, 16 healthy volunteers were given a dose of three SP tablets containing 500 mg of sulfadoxine (SDX) and 25 mg of pyrimethamine (PYR) (=SP group), while the second arm received three SP tablets + two AT tablets of 200 mg in total followed by 100 mg AT for the next 4 days (SP+AT group). Blood samples (100 μl) were collected by means of a finger prick and dried on filter paper. The blood spots were wrapped in polythene folders and stored at room temperature until analysis. The samples were assayed using high-performance liquid chromatographic methods. Results: The peak concentration C max), time required to attain peak concentration (Tmax), half-life (t 1/2) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) were determined. The Cmax of SDX were 92.9 and 98.9 μg/ml for the SP and SP+AT arms, respectively; for PYR, these were 0.86 and 0.79 μg/ml, respectively. The Tmax of SDX were 10 and 8 h for the SP and SP+AT arms, respectively; for PYR, these were 4.0 and 3.0 h, respectively. The AUC0-288 of SDX were 15,840 and 18,876 μg/ml h for the SP and SP+AT arms, respectively; for PYR, they were 124 and 112 μg/ml h, respectively. The t 1/2 of values for SDX were 165 and 180 h for the SP and SP+AT arms, respectively; for PYR, these were 158 and 177 h, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the Cmax, Tmax, AUC0-288 and t 1/2 between the two arms (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion Taking AT concomitantly with SP does not have any impact in the disposition of SP. © 2007 Springer-Verlag.	Artesunate; Disposition kinetics; Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine	artesunate; fansidar; adult; article; blood analysis; blood sampling; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; crossover procedure; drug distribution; drug half life; high performance liquid chromatography; human; male; normal human; priority journal; randomized controlled trial; room temperature; tablet; Adult; Antimalarials; Area Under Curve; Artemisinins; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cross-Over Studies; Drug Combinations; Drug Interactions; Half-Life; Humans; Malaria, Falciparum; Pyrimethamine; Sesquiterpenes; Sulfadoxine	None
WoS	WOS:000250834900004	Adherence to HAART therapy measured by electronic monitoring in newly diagnosed HIV patients in Botswana	Anand, Bene,Cohen, Adam,Iwebor, Henry Uchechukwaka,Kristanto, Paulus,Rakesh, Pande,Stiekema, Jacobus,Vriesendorp, Reinout,Vrijens, Bernard	2007	EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY	63	12	10.1007/s00228-007-0369-2	Leiden University, VU University Amsterdam, Ardex Ltd, CHDR, Nyangabgwe Hosp, Pharmion Syst Ltd	None	Aims This pilot study was designed to evaluate the feasibility and benefits of electronic adherence monitoring of antiretroviral medications in HIV patients who recently started Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy (HAART) in Francistown, Botswana and to compare this with self-reporting. Methods Dosing histories were compiled electronically using Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) monitors to evaluate adherence to prescribed therapies. Thirty patients enrolled in the antiretroviral treatment program were monitored over 6 weeks. These patients were all antiretroviral (ARV) naive. After each visit (mean three times) to the pharmacy, the data compiled by the monitors were downloaded. Electronic monitoring of adherence was compared to patient self-reports of adherence. Results The mean individual medication adherence level measured with the electronic device was 85% (range 21-100%). The mean adherence level measured by means of self-reporting was 98% (range 70-100%). Medication prescribed on a once-a-day dose base was associated with a higher adherence level (97.9% for efavirenz) compared with a twice-a-day regimen (88.4% for Lamivudine/Zidovudine). Conclusions It is feasible to assess treatment adherence of patients living in a low resource setting on HAART by using electronic monitors. Adherence, even in the early stages of treatment, appears to be insufficient in some patients and may be below the level required for continuous inhibition of viral replication. This approach may lead to improved targeting of counselling about their medication intake of such patients in order to prevent occurrence of resistant viral strains due to inadequate inhibition of viral replication. In this pilot study a significant difference between the data recorded through the electronic monitors and those provided by self-reporting was observed.	ADHERENCE,HAART,"MEMS caps","ANTIRETROVIRAL ADHERENCE",CLINICAL-PRACTICE,COMBINATIONS,DIDANOSINE,DRUG-RESISTANCE,"INFECTED PATIENTS",NEVIRAPINE,"PROTEASE INHIBITORS",SELF-REPORT,ZIDOVUDINE	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922093345	Orofacial cleft outreach in rural Ghana: any positive impact on the community?	Agbenorku P., Agbenorku M., Klutsey E., Aboah K., Agamah G., Amevor E., Hoyte-Williams P.-E., Abude F., Sefenu R., Osei D., Kofitsey M., Fiifi-Yankson P.K.	2014	European Journal of Plastic Surgery	38	1	10.1007/s00238-014-1025-6	Reconstructive Plastic Surgery & Burns Unit, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Surgery, Kumasi, Ghana; Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana; School of Medical Sciences, Kumasi, Ghana; Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Health Education Unit, Global Evangelical Mission Hospital, Apromase, Ghana; Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Health and Allied Health Sciences, Ho, Ghana; Department of Surgery, St Martins de Porres Hospital, Agomanya, Ghana; Department of Nursing, Nurses Training College, Ho, Ghana; Department of Surgery, Sogakope District Hospital, Sogakope, Ghana; Department of Anaesthesia, Sogakope District Hospital, Sogakope, Ghana	Agbenorku, P., Reconstructive Plastic Surgery & Burns Unit, Kumasi, Ghana, Department of Surgery, Kumasi, Ghana, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana, School of Medical Sciences, Kumasi, Ghana, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Agbenorku, M., Health Education Unit, Global Evangelical Mission Hospital, Apromase, Ghana; Klutsey, E., Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Health and Allied Health Sciences, Ho, Ghana; Aboah, K., Department of Surgery, Kumasi, Ghana, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana, School of Medical Sciences, Kumasi, Ghana; Agamah, G., Department of Surgery, St Martins de Porres Hospital, Agomanya, Ghana; Amevor, E., Department of Nursing, Nurses Training College, Ho, Ghana; Hoyte-Williams, P.-E., Reconstructive Plastic Surgery & Burns Unit, Kumasi, Ghana, Department of Surgery, Kumasi, Ghana, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana; Abude, F., Department of Surgery, Sogakope District Hospital, Sogakope, Ghana; Sefenu, R., Department of Surgery, Sogakope District Hospital, Sogakope, Ghana; Osei, D., Department of Anaesthesia, Sogakope District Hospital, Sogakope, Ghana; Kofitsey, M., Department of Anaesthesia, Sogakope District Hospital, Sogakope, Ghana; Fiifi-Yankson, P.K., Department of Surgery, Kumasi, Ghana, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana, School of Medical Sciences, Kumasi, Ghana	Background: Orofacial clefts (OFC) are common congenital malformations in humans. They impact negatively on the life of the affected and often regarded as stigma in the society especially among the rural folks. The aim of this study was to analyze retrospectively the cases managed by a Ghanaian indigenous plastic surgery outreach team and prospectively outline the social impacts on the lives of those treated and their communities.Methods: The study reviewed the medical records of patients treated during OFC outreaches in rural Ghana from January 2003 to December 2012 (10 years). This involved visiting and interviewing patients and their parents/relatives, as well as the community leaders comprising chiefs, assemblymen, church leaders, etc., using structured pretested questionnaires within 5 days (September 1–5, 2013) in communities in southeast of Ghana.Results: A total of 32 outreach services were handled over the 10-year period, treating 303 OFC patients (among other pathologies), comprising 175 (57.8 %) males and 128 (42.2 %) females. Out of the 303, 159 (52.5 %) were located and interviewed; also, 65 community/opinion leaders/relatives were interviewed. Sixty-one percent (61 % = 35 patients) of the females and 48 % (n = 49) of the males got married after the surgery; 83 % (n = 45) of the school-going-age patients continued and completed basic schools.Conclusions: OFC outreaches help to restore the lives and dignity of cleft patients and their families improving their quality of life. Stigmatization and psychological effects on them were removed; they were well accepted in their societies and family gatherings.Level of Evidence: Level III, risk-prognostic study. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Community impact; Orofacial clefts; Outreach services; Psychological effects; Stigmatization	adolescent; adult; Article; child; cleft lip; cleft lip palate; cleft palate; community; female; Ghana; Ghanaian; human; interview; major clinical study; male; married man; married woman; medical record review; mouth malformation; orofacial cleft; parent; plastic surgery; priority journal; program impact; relative; retrospective study; rural area; structured questionnaire; treatment outcome; unilateral cleft lip	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38349166629	Rigid spine syndrome: A noninvasive cardiac evaluation	Stübgen J.-P.	2008	Pediatric Cardiology	29	1	10.1007/s00246-007-9056-4	Department of Neurology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021, United States	Stübgen, J.-P., Department of Neurology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021, United States	Rigid spine syndrome (RSS) is a group of childhood-onset muscle disorders characterized by marked limitation of flexion of the spine. Various cardiac changes have been documented in case reports. This study reports on a cardiac evaluation of nine patients with the "vacuolar variant" of RSS. Noninvasive cardiac evaluation entailed creatine kinase levels, full-inspiration chest roentgenograms, standard 12-lead ECG, and 24-h ambulatory ECG recording, as well as M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography with Doppler study. Heart auscultation was abnormal in five patients. Creatine kinase MB fraction was normal in all patients. Chest roentgenogram showed scoliosis (five of nine), kyphosis (one of nine), severe anterior-posterior flattening of the chest cavity (two of nine), elevated hemidiaphragm (one of nine), caved-in appearance of upper lobes (two of nine), and symmetry of lung volumes (one of nine). Twelve-lead ECG abnormalities indicated right-sided heart disease (three of nine). Echocardiogram showed mitral valve prolapse (five of nine) with regurgitation (three of five) and evidence of pulmonary hypertension (three of nine). Ambulatory ECG recorded paroxysmal tachyarrhythmias in hypoxic or hypercapnic patients (three of nine). There was no correlation between any cardiac abnormalities and patient weakness. Mitral prolapse/regurgitation may have a developmental association with this congenital myopathy. Findings of cor pulmonale were due to the restrictive chest wall defect and respiratory muscle weakness. Paroxysmal tachyarrhythmias were due to hypoxia or hypercapnia. There was no evidence of a primary cardiomyopathy. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Cardiac evaluation; Rigid spine syndrome	creatine kinase; adolescent; adult; article; back muscle; cardiomyopathy; child; clinical article; clinical feature; creatine kinase blood level; disease course; disease duration; Doppler echocardiography; electrocardiogram; female; heart auscultation; heart function; human; kyphosis; M mode echocardiography; male; mitral valve prolapse; mitral valve regurgitation; onset age; patient assessment; pulmonary hypertension; rigid spine syndrome; scoliosis; spine disease; spine mobility; thorax radiography; two dimensional echocardiography; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Creatine Kinase; Electrocardiography; Female; Heart Diseases; Humans; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Male; Mitral Valve Prolapse; Muscular Diseases; Pulmonary Heart Disease; Spinal Diseases; Syndrome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-58149120890	Nonfluoroscopic pressure colostography in the evaluation of genitourinary fistula of anorectal malformations: Experience in a resource-poor environment	Abdulkadir A.Y., Abdur-Rahman L.O., Adesiyun O.M.	2009	Pediatric Radiology	39	2	10.1007/s00247-008-1051-2	Department of Radiology, Teaching Hospital, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State 2340001, Nigeria; Paediatric Surgery Unit, Teaching Hospital, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	Abdulkadir, A.Y., Department of Radiology, Teaching Hospital, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State 2340001, Nigeria; Abdur-Rahman, L.O., Paediatric Surgery Unit, Teaching Hospital, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Adesiyun, O.M., Department of Radiology, Teaching Hospital, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State 2340001, Nigeria	Background: Radiological imaging is paramount for defining the genitourinary fistulae commonly associated with anorectal malformations prior to definitive surgery. The imaging options are resource-limited in many parts of the world. Nonfluoroscopic pressure colostography after colostomy is a cheap method for the evaluation of anorectal malformations. Objective: To describe our experience with nonfluoroscopic pressure colostography in the evaluation of anorectal malformations in boys. Materials and methods: The study included 12 boys with anorectal malformation who had colostomy and nonfluoroscopic pressure-augmented colostography with water-soluble contrast medium between January 2006 and December 2007. Results: Patient ages ranged from 2 days to 1 year. The types of genitourinary fistula were rectovesical (7.7%) and rectourethral (92.3%). Oblique radiographs were of diagnostic value in all patients. The types of anorectal malformations were high, intermediate and low in 75%, 8.3% and 16.7%, respectively. Short-segment urethral constriction was a common feature of rectourethral fistula (75%, n=9). Conclusion: Our experience has shown that genitourinary fistulae associated with anorectal malformations can be demonstrated reliably by nonfluoroscopic pressure colostography with two oblique radiographs, providing an option in resource-poor settings where fluoroscopic equipment is scarce. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.	Anorectal malformation; Children; Colostography; Genitourinary fistula; Imperforate anus	diatrizoate; meglumine diatrizoate; anorectal malformation; article; bladder; clinical article; clinical feature; colostomy; controlled study; diagnostic imaging; genitourinary fistula; human; infant; male; newborn; nonfluoroscopic pressure colostography; priority journal; urethra stricture; urogenital tract malformation; Anal Canal; Contrast Media; Genitalia, Male; Humans; Image Enhancement; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Pressure; Rectum; Resource Allocation; Urinary Fistula; Urogenital Abnormalities	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-69149110158	Comparing three-dimensional volume-rendered CT images with fibreoptic tracheobronchoscopy in the evaluation of airway compression caused by tuberculous lymphadenopathy in children	Du Plessis J., Goussard P., Andronikou S., Gie R., George R.	2009	Pediatric Radiology	39	7	10.1007/s00247-009-1262-1	Department of Radiology, University of Stellenbosch, P.O. Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Paediatrics, Tygerberg Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Radiology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Anzio Road, Cape Town, South Africa	Du Plessis, J., Department of Radiology, University of Stellenbosch, P.O. Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Goussard, P., Department of Paediatrics, Tygerberg Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Andronikou, S., Department of Radiology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Anzio Road, Cape Town, South Africa; Gie, R., Department of Paediatrics, Tygerberg Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; George, R., Department of Radiology, University of Stellenbosch, P.O. Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa	Background: Lymphobronchial tuberculosis (TB) causes airway compression in 38% of patients. The airway obstruction is conventionally assessed with fibreoptic tracheobronchoscopy (FTB). Multidetector-row spiral computed tomography (MDCT) with three-dimensional volume rendering (3-D VR) has significantly improved the imaging of the airways. No previous studies have assessed the accuracy of 3-D VR in determining the degree of airway compression in children due to TB lymphadenopathy. Objective: To compare 3-D VR CT to FTB for the assessment of airway compression due to TB lymphadenopathy in children. Materials and methods: Included in the study were 26 children presenting with symptoms of airway compression caused by pulmonary TB. MDCT of the chest and FTB were performed in all patients. Retrospective 3-D VR reconstruction of the major airways was performed from the original CT raw data and used to evaluate the tracheobronchial tree for site and degree of airway compression and then compared to the FTB findings. FTB was used as the reference standard Results: By FTB 87 sites of airway compression were identified. Using the 3-D VR technique, 138 sites of airway compression were identified, of which 78 (90%) matched with the sites identified by FTB. The sensitivity and specificity of 3-D VR when compared with that of FTB was 92% and 85%, respectively. In four patients (15%), severe narrowing of the bronchus intermedius made FTB evaluation of the right middle and right lower lobe bronchi impossible. VR demonstrated significant distal obstruction in three of these four patients Conclusion: 3-D VR demonstrates a very good correlation with FTB in determining airway compression caused by TB lymphadenopathy in children. In combination with FTB, 3-D VR adds confidence to the bronchoscopy findings and complements FTB by adding additional information on the status of the airway distal to severe obstructions unreachable by FTB. © 2009 Springer-Verlag.	Chest; Children; CT; Tuberculosis	prednisone; tuberculostatic agent; airway dynamics; airway obstruction; article; bronchoscopy; child; clinical article; compression; cone beam computed tomography; controlled study; female; fiberoptic bronchoscopy; human; infant; lung tuberculosis; male; multidetector computed tomography; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; preschool child; priority journal; school child; sensitivity and specificity; standard; three dimensional imaging; tuberculous lymphadenitis; airway obstruction; algorithm; bronchoscopy; comparative study; computer assisted diagnosis; computer assisted tomography; evaluation; fiber optics; image quality; laryngoscopy; methodology; reproducibility; tuberculous lymphadenitis; Airway Obstruction; Algorithms; Bronchoscopy; Fiber Optic Technology; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Laryngoscopy; Radiographic Image Enhancement; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880922843	Comparison of MR and fluoroscopic mucous fistulography in the pre-operative evaluation of infants with anorectal malformation: A pilot study	Alves J.C.G., Sidler D., Lotz J.W., Pitcher R.D.	2013	Pediatric Radiology	43	8	10.1007/s00247-013-2653-x	Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zyl Avenue, Parow Valley, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; Department of Surgical Sciences, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa	Alves, J.C.G., Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zyl Avenue, Parow Valley, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; Sidler, D., Department of Surgical Sciences, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Lotz, J.W., Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zyl Avenue, Parow Valley, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; Pitcher, R.D., Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zyl Avenue, Parow Valley, Cape Town 7700, South Africa	Background: Anorectal malformations are often associated with rectal pouch fistulas. Surgical correction requires accurate evaluation of the presence and position of such fistulas. Fluoroscopy is currently the chosen modality for the detection of fistulas. The role of MRI is unexplored. Objective: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of MR versus fluoroscopic fistulography in the pre-operative evaluation of infants with anorectal malformation. Materials and methods: We conducted a pilot study of infants requiring defunctioning colostomy for initial management of anorectal malformation. Dynamic sagittal steady-state free-precession MRI of the pelvis was acquired during introduction of saline into the mucous fistulas. Findings were compared among MR fistulography, fluoroscopic fistulography and intraoperative inspection. Results: Eight children were included. Median age at fistulography was 15 weeks, inter-quartile range 13-20 weeks; all were boys. There was full agreement among MR fistulography, fluoroscopic fistulography and surgical findings. Conclusion: The pilot data suggest that MR fistulography is promising in the pre-operative evaluation of children with anorectal malformation. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Anorectal malformation; Child; Fluoroscopic fistulography; MR fistulography; Preoperative evaluation	anorectal malformation; article; clinical article; colostomy; comparative effectiveness; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic imaging; diagnostic test accuracy study; fistulography; fluoroscopy; human; infant; intermethod comparison; male; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; nuclear magnetic resonance scanner; pilot study; preoperative evaluation; priority journal; prospective study; urethra fistula; Anus, Imperforate; Female; Humans; Infant; Intestinal Mucosa; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Pilot Projects; Preoperative Care; Prognosis; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939644885	Short-term impact of pictorial posters and a crash course on radiographic errors for improving the quality of paediatric chest radiographs in an unsupervised unit — a pilot study for quality-assurance outreach	Hlabangana L.T., Andronikou S.	2014	Pediatric Radiology	45	2	10.1007/s00247-014-3115-9	Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Johannesburg, South Africa	Hlabangana, L.T., Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Johannesburg, South Africa; Andronikou, S., Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Johannesburg, South Africa	Background: Chest radiography is the most commonly performed diagnostic X-ray examination. The radiation dose to the patient for this examination is relatively low but because of its frequent use, the contribution to the collective dose is considerable. Optimized image quality not only allows for more accurate diagnosis but also supports radiation protection, which is particularly important in children. Objective: To determine whether the introduction of a poster of technical errors in paediatric radiography accompanied by a short lecture (crash course) for radiographers on common errors can sustainably decrease the number and rate of these errors in an unsupervised radiology department (without a paediatric-trained radiologist or paediatric-trained radiography personnel). Materials and methods: We conducted a pilot study for quality-assurance outreach, with retrospective and prospective components, in the paediatric radiology department of a teaching hospital. The technical errors in frontal chest radiographs performed in the unit were assessed by quality-assurance analysis using a customized tick-sheet. The review was performed before and after an intervention that involved a half-hour crash course and poster displays in the department. We compared the rate of technical errors made before and after the intervention. Results: There was statistically significant improvement in quality of radiographs (P < 0.0083) performed immediately after the intervention. There was a statistically significant decline in the quality of radiographs performed >2 months after the intervention. Conclusion: A simple intervention of a crash course and poster placement resulted in improved quality of paediatric chest radiographs. A decline in quality after 2 months suggests the need to repeat this or another type of intervention regularly. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Chest radiography; Paediatric; Quality assurance	diagnostic error; education; female; human; infant; male; medical education; pediatrics; pilot study; preschool child; prevention and control; procedures; prospective study; radiology; retrospective study; standards; teaching hospital; thorax radiography; total quality management; Child, Preschool; Diagnostic Errors; Education, Medical, Continuing; Female; Hospitals, Teaching; Humans; Infant; Male; Pediatrics; Pilot Projects; Prospective Studies; Quality Improvement; Radiography, Thoracic; Radiology; Retrospective Studies	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-37649005638	Evaluation of adherence, hydrophobicity, aggregation, and biofilm development of Flavobacterium johnsoniae-like isolates	Basson A., Flemming L.A., Chenia H.Y.	2008	Microbial Ecology	55	1	10.1007/s00248-007-9245-y	Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Basson, A., Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Flemming, L.A., Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Chenia, H.Y., Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Flavobacterium spp. isolates have been identified in diverse biofilm structures, but the mechanism of adherence has not been elucidated. The absence of conventional biofilm-associated structures such as fimbriae, pili, and flagella suggest that surface hydrophobicity, and/or autoaggregation and coaggregation may play an important role in adherence and biofilm formation. The biofilm-forming capacity of 29 Flavobacterium johnsoniae-like isolates obtained from South African aquaculture systems was assessed using microtiter plate assays. The role of hydrophobicity [salting aggregation test (SAT) and bacterial adherence to hydrocarbons (BATH) assays], autoaggregation, and coaggregation on biofilm formation by Flavobacterium spp. was also investigated, while biofilm structure was examined using flow cells and microscopy. All isolates displayed a hydrophilic nature, but showed varying levels of adherence in microtiter assays. Significant negative correlations were observed between adherence and biofilm-forming capacity in nutrient-poor medium at 26°C and BATH hydrophobicity and motility, respectively. Isolates displayed strain-to-strain variation in their autoaggregation indices and their abilities to coaggregate with various Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms. Microcolony and/or biofilm development were observed microscopically, and flavobacterial isolates displayed stronger biofilm structures and interaction with a Vibrio spp. isolate than with an Aeromonas hydrophila isolate. The role of extracellular polysaccharides and specific outer membrane proteins will have to be examined to reveal mechanisms of adherence and coaggregation employed by biofilm-forming F. johnsoniae-like strains. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	None	congo red; polystyrene derivative; animal; aquaculture; article; bacterium adherence; biofilm; carp; classification; eel; fish disease; Flavobacterium; growth, development and aging; hydrophobicity; isolation and purification; metabolism; microbiology; physiology; rainbow trout; South Africa; Animals; Aquaculture; Bacterial Adhesion; Biofilms; Carps; Congo Red; Eels; Fish Diseases; Flavobacterium; Hydrophobicity; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Polystyrenes; South Africa; Aeromonas hydrophila; Bacteria (microorganisms); Flavobacterium; Flavobacterium johnsoniae; Negibacteria; Posibacteria; Vibrio	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919917412	Characterization of binding specificities of bovine leucocyte class I molecules: impacts for rational epitope discovery	Hansen A.M., Rasmussen M., Svitek N., Harndahl M., Golde W.T., Barlow J., Nene V., Buus S., Nielsen M.	2014	Immunogenetics	66	12	10.1007/s00251-014-0802-5	Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya; Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Greenport, NY, United States; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States	Hansen, A.M., Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Rasmussen, M., Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Svitek, N., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya; Harndahl, M., Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Golde, W.T., Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Greenport, NY, United States; Barlow, J., Department of Animal Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States; Nene, V., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya; Buus, S., Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Nielsen, M., Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina	The binding of peptides to classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I proteins is the single most selective step in antigen presentation. However, the peptide-binding specificity of cattle MHC (bovine leucocyte antigen, BoLA) class I (BoLA-I) molecules remains poorly characterized. Here, we demonstrate how a combination of high-throughput assays using positional scanning combinatorial peptide libraries, peptide dissociation, and peptide-binding affinity binding measurements can be combined with bioinformatics to effectively characterize the functionality of BoLA-I molecules. Using this strategy, we characterized eight BoLA-I molecules, and found the peptide specificity to resemble that of human MHC-I molecules with primary anchors most often at P2 and P9, and occasional auxiliary P1/P3/P5/P6 anchors. We analyzed nine reported CTL epitopes from Theileria parva, and in eight cases, stable and high affinity binding was confirmed. A set of peptides were tested for binding affinity to the eight BoLA proteins and used to refine the predictors of peptide–MHC binding NetMHC and NetMHCpan. The inclusion of BoLA-specific peptide-binding data led to a significant improvement in prediction accuracy for reported T. parva CTL epitopes. For reported CTL epitopes with weak or no predicted binding, these refined prediction methods suggested presence of nested minimal epitopes with high-predicted binding affinity. The enhanced affinity of the alternative peptides was in all cases confirmed experimentally. This study demonstrates how biochemical high-throughput assays combined with immunoinformatics can be used to characterize the peptide-binding motifs of BoLA-I molecules, boosting performance of MHC peptide-binding prediction methods, and empowering rational epitope discovery in cattle. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	BoLA; Bovine leucocyte antigen; CTL epitopes; Immunoinformatics; Rational epitope discovery	bovine leukocyte antigen class i molecule; epitope; major histocompatibility antigen class 1; peptide; unclassified drug; beta 2 microglobulin; epitope; HLA antigen class 1; ligand; peptide library; protein binding; recombinant protein; animal cell; antigen binding; Article; binding affinity; bioinformatics; computer model; controlled study; cross reaction; dissociation; high throughput screening; human; major histocompatibility complex; molecule; nonhuman; peptide library; protein binding; Theileria parva; validation process; amino acid sequence; animal; binding site; Bovinae; chemistry; epitope mapping; genetics; immunology; metabolism; position weight matrix; protein motif; reproducibility; Bos; Bovinae; Theileria parva; Amino Acid Motifs; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; beta 2-Microglobulin; Binding Sites; Cattle; Cross Reactions; Epitope Mapping; Epitopes; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; Humans; Ligands; Peptide Library; Peptides; Position-Specific Scoring Matrices; Protein Binding; Recombinant Proteins; Reproducibility of Results	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33748688828	Preliminary evaluation of hydrochemistry of the Kalambaina Formation, Sokoto Basin, Nigeria	Alagbe S.A.	2006	Environmental Geology	51	1	10.1007/s00254-006-0302-5	Department of Geology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Alagbe, S.A., Department of Geology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Hydrochemical investigations in the Kalambaina Formation have been initiated to determine potability and suitability of the shallow groundwater for domestic and agricultural uses. This limestone formation is an extensive aquifer supplying water to livestock and domestic wells in its outcrop areas. The aquifer is recharged by rainfall and discharges mainly into the Sokoto-Rima River system and lakes at Kware, Gwadabawa and Kalmalo in Nigeria. Because recharge to the aquifer is mainly from rainfall, the quality of the groundwater is controlled essentially by chemical processes in the vadose zone and locally by human activities. Water samples were taken at 11 sites comprising boreholes, dug wells and a spring and were chemically analysed for their major ion components. Hydrochemical results show water of fairly good quality. It is, however, hard and generally of moderate dissolved solids content. Concentration of the total dissolved solids is between 130 and 2,340 mg/l. Concentrations of ions vary widely but a high concentration of K+ is found in places. NO 3- is on the higher side of the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits, indicating pollution in such areas. Groundwater chemistry is predominantly of two facies, namely the calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate and calcium-magnesium-sulphate-chloride facies. These facies probably evolved primarily as a result of dissolution of calcium and magnesium carbonates as well as some human/land-use activities. © Springer-Verlag 2006.	Hydrochemistry; Kalambaina Formation; Limestone aquifer; Nigeria; Sokoto Basin	Aquifers; Groundwater; Land use; Rain; Water quality; Water supply; Groundwater chemistry; Hydrochemistry; Kalambaina Formation; Sokoto Basin, Nigeria; Limestone; groundwater; hydrochemistry; limestone; recharge; shallow water; vadose zone; World Health Organization; Africa; Nigeria; Sokoto Basin; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846091132	Impact of tailings from the Kilembe copper mining district on Lake George, Uganda	Owor M., Hartwig T., Muwanga A., Zachmann D., Pohl W.	2007	Environmental Geology	51	6	10.1007/s00254-006-0398-7	Department of Geology, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Institute of Environmental Geology, Technical University, P.O. Box 3329, Braunschweig 38023, Germany	Owor, M., Department of Geology, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Hartwig, T., Institute of Environmental Geology, Technical University, P.O. Box 3329, Braunschweig 38023, Germany; Muwanga, A., Department of Geology, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Zachmann, D., Institute of Environmental Geology, Technical University, P.O. Box 3329, Braunschweig 38023, Germany; Pohl, W., Institute of Environmental Geology, Technical University, P.O. Box 3329, Braunschweig 38023, Germany	The abandoned Kilembe copper mine in western Uganda is a source of contaminants, mobilised from mine tailings into R. Rukoki flowing through a belt of wetlands into Lake George. Water and sediments were investigated on the lakeshore and the lakebed. Metal associations in the sediments reflect the Kilembe sulphide mineralisation. Enrichment of metals was compared between lakebed sediments, both for wet and dry seasons. Total C in a lakebed core shows a general increment, while Cu and Co decrease with depth. The contaminants are predominant (> 65%) in the ≤ 63 μm sediment size range with elevated Cu and Zn (> 28%), while Ni, Pb and Co are low (< 18%) in all the fractions. Sequential extraction of Fe for lakeshore sediment samples reveals low Fe mobility. Relatively higher mobility and biological availability is seen for Co, Cu and S. Heavy metal contents in lake waters are not an immediate risk to the aquatic environment. © 2006 Springer-Verlag.	Aqueous geochemistry; Copper mining; Heavy metals; Lake George; Uganda	Copper mines; Environmental impact; Impurities; Sediments; Wetlands; Aqueous geochemistry; Copper mining; Lake George; Uganda; Tailings; abandoned mine; copper; enrichment; heavy metal; lacustrine deposit; lake pollution; pollutant source; tailings; Africa; East Africa; East African Lakes; Lake George [Western Province]; Sub-Saharan Africa; Uganda; Western Province [Uganda]	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846580904	Groundwater overdraft vulnerability and environmental impact assessment in Arusha	Ong'or B.T.I., Long-Cang S.	2007	Environmental Geology	51	7	10.1007/s00254-006-0408-9	College of Water Resources and Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Science and Technology, Western University, P.O. Box 190, Kakamega 50100, Kenya	Ong'or, B.T.I., College of Water Resources and Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China, College of Science and Technology, Western University, P.O. Box 190, Kakamega 50100, Kenya; Long-Cang, S., College of Water Resources and Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China	A simple approach is proposed for identifying areas vulnerable to groundwater overdraft. The methodology utilizes GIS techniques to analyze and evaluate controlling factors in areas with little data. The proposed methodology was applied in Arusha. Water demand in Arusha Municipality and its environs has increased to about 5.3% annually since 1999. Groundwater levels have declined. The aquifer hydrogeological variables were evaluated for impact to potential groundwater overdraft by overlay and index techniques. The spatial distribution of overdraft vulnerability was discussed. The northwestern part of Arusha is the most vulnerable to overdraft and possible serious environmental impacts. The Loruvani area has the most potential for aquifer development due to its permeability, high recharge rate, massive aquifer thickness and low drawdown. © 2006 Springer-Verlag.	Arusha; Environmental impacts; Geographic information system; Groundwater overdraft; Groundwater spatial and temporal vulnerability; Hydrogeological; Qualitative hydrogeology; Tanzania	Aquifers; Environmental impact; Geographical regions; Hydrogeology; Municipal engineering; Water supply; Groundwater levels; Groundwater overdraft; Hydrogeological variables; Qualitative hydrogeology; Groundwater; aquifer characterization; environmental impact assessment; GIS; groundwater; hydrogeology; index method; methodology; spatial distribution; vulnerability; water demand; water level; Africa; Arusha [Arusha (RGA)]; Arusha [Tanzania]; East Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33847337381	Impact of water overexploitation on highland lakes of eastern Ethiopia	Alemayehu T., Furi W., Legesse D.	2007	Environmental Geology	52	1	10.1007/s00254-006-0468-x	Department of Earth Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Oromiya Water Well Drilling Enterprise, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Alemayehu, T., Department of Earth Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Furi, W., Oromiya Water Well Drilling Enterprise, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Legesse, D., Department of Earth Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	The eastern Ethiopian highland is endowed with large potential of water resources in terms of rainfall, groundwater and surface water. Yet, due to overpumping of lake water and groundwater and environmental degradation, Lakes Haromaya and Adele have completely dried up. The environmental degradation, due to deforestation and clearing of land for farming, has increased the rate of siltation in the lakes that dramatically decreases the lakes' volume and surface albedo, which increased the rate of evaporation. The impact of these factors is aggravated due to decreasing net recharge to the lake and the alluvial aquifer. Over the last 35 years, pumping of lake water for irrigation, mainly for subsistence farming, domestic and industrial use shows an increasing trend. Hence, the available water for drinking and industrial purposes decreased drastically. In this research, classical Penman aerodynamic combined energy budget, Penman nomogram methods, conventional soil moisture water balance method and Penman-Monteith model were adopted to estimate free evaporation, actual and potential evapotranspirations. The results indicate that evaporation is the dominant factor for the loss of water and water abstraction is 316% higher than the effective precipitation, which is 110 mm/year. Therefore, overexploitation of the available resources has played an aggravating role for the loss of the lakes in the area. The main cause for such resource depletion is the lack of integrated water resources management strategies. The current water shortage in the area has mainly affected urban residents of Harar, Awoday and Alemaya towns and the surrounding villages, which depend heavily on the two lakes. To alleviate the current crises interbasin water transfer and rainwater harvesting would be possible alternatives besides ameliorating environmental situation of the basin. © 2006 Springer-Verlag.	Evaporation; Groundwater; Surface water; Water resources	Deforestation; Evapotranspiration; Irrigation; Lakes; Surface waters; Weathering; Lake water; Water resources management; Groundwater; deforestation; environmental degradation; environmental impact; evaporation; evapotranspiration; exploitation; groundwater abstraction; numerical model; Penman-Monteith equation; resource depletion; soil moisture; water budget; water resource; Deforestation; Ground Water; Irrigation; Lakes; Surface Water; Weathering; Africa; Alemaya; Awoday; East Africa; Ethiopia; Harar; Lake Adele; Lake Haromaya; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36448940830	Environmental impact assessment of risk associated with groundwater overdraft remediation in cone of depression, Jining, China	Ong'or B.T.I., Shu L.-C., Liu P.-G.	2007	Environmental Geology	53	4	10.1007/s00254-007-0687-9	College of Water Resources and Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Science and Technology, Western University, P.O. Box 190, Kakamega 50100, Kenya	Ong'or, B.T.I., College of Water Resources and Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China, College of Science and Technology, Western University, P.O. Box 190, Kakamega 50100, Kenya; Shu, L.-C., College of Water Resources and Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Liu, P.-G., College of Water Resources and Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China	In this paper, a simple scenario and probabilistic approach is used to assess the potential groundwater risk due to proposed overdraft remedial actions in cone of depression, Jining City, China. Focusing on the concentrations of Chloride ions (Cl -) and total hardness (TH), the impact of artificial recharge and reduced pumping on groundwater quality and quantity is analysed by using the three-dimensional finite difference groundwater flow and transport model, Visual MODFLOW, to simulate groundwater flow and transport within the study area based on scenarios, and utilizes SURFER software to map risk levels. Although 5, 10 or 15% reduced pumping with artificial recharge leads to more decrease in Cl - and TH concentrations than the 25%, less volume increase is achieved for the remediation of land subsidence and other environmental problems in the cone of depression. The Cl - concentrations in recovered groundwater are within the desired concentration of 200 mg/l; however, TH in some cases are above the maximum permissible limit of 500 mg/l, with an exceedence probability of about 0.67 for recharge and recharge with reduced pumping at 25%. The presence of fractures and hydrogeological complexity greatly determines impacts of remediation, and the 22% reduced pumping with artificial recharge offers an optimum strategy for overdraft remediation in the Jining cone of depression. © 2007 Springer-Verlag.	Artificial recharge; Groundwater quality and quantity; Jining China; Reduced pumping; Risk assessments; Visual MODFLOW	Chlorine compounds; Environmental impact; Hydrogeology; Probabilistic logics; Remediation; Risk assessment; Three dimensional; Chloride ions; Overdraft remedial actions; Three-dimensional finite difference groundwater flow; Transport model; Groundwater; chloride; degradation; environmental impact assessment; groundwater flow; hardness; recharge; remediation; risk assessment; three-dimensional flow; water quality; Asia; China; Eurasia; Far East; Jining; Shandong	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38749131266	Hydrogeochemical evaluation of groundwater in the lower Offin basin, Ghana	Kortatsi B.K., Tay C.K., Anornu G., Hayford E., Dartey G.A.	2008	Environmental Geology	53	8	10.1007/s00254-007-0772-0	CSIR-Water Research Institute, P. O. Box M32, Accra, Ghana; Civil Engineering Department, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana; Geology Department, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana	Kortatsi, B.K., CSIR-Water Research Institute, P. O. Box M32, Accra, Ghana; Tay, C.K., CSIR-Water Research Institute, P. O. Box M32, Accra, Ghana; Anornu, G., Civil Engineering Department, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana; Hayford, E., Geology Department, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Dartey, G.A., CSIR-Water Research Institute, P. O. Box M32, Accra, Ghana	Alumino-silicate mineral dissolution, cation exchange, reductive dissolution of hematite and goethite, oxidation of pyrite and arsenopyrite are processes that influence groundwater quality in the Offin Basin. The main aim of this study was to characterise groundwater and delineate relevant water-rock interactions that control the evolution of water quality in Offin Basin, a major gold mining area in Ghana. Boreholes, dug wells, springs and mine drainage samples were analysed for major ions, minor and trace elements. Major ion study results show that the groundwater is, principally, Ca-Mg-HCO 3 or Na-Mg-Ca-HCO 3 in character, mildly acidic and low in conductivity. Groundwater acidification is principally due to natural biogeochemical processes. Though acidic, the groundwater has positive acid neutralising potential provided by the dissolution of alumino-silicates and mafic rocks. Trace elements' loading (except arsenic and iron) of groundwater is generally low. Reductive dissolution of iron minerals in the presence of organic matter is responsible for high-iron concentration in areas underlain by granitoids. Elsewhere pyrite and arsenopyrite oxidation is the plausible process for iron and arsenic mobilisation. Approximately 19 and 46% of the boreholes have arsenic and iron concentrations exceeding the WHO's (Guidelines for drinking water quality. Final task group meeting. WHO Press, World Health Organization, Geneva, 2004) maximum acceptable limits of 10 μg l -1 and 0.3 mg l -1, for drinking water. © 2007 Springer-Verlag.	Cation exchange; Ghana; Offin basin; Oxidation; Pyrite and arsenopyrite; Silicate weathering	Biogeochemistry; Catchments; Hydraulic conductivity; Oxidation; Silicate minerals; Arsenopyrite; Cation exchange; Ghana; Groundwater acidification; Hydrogeochemical evaluation; Offin basin; Groundwater; acidification; aluminosilicate; concentration (composition); dissolution; gold mine; groundwater; hydrogeochemistry; ion exchange; iron; oxidation; water quality; Africa; Ghana; Offin Basin; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-48249158364	Environmental impact assessment using FORM and groundwater system reliability concept: Case study Jining, China	Shu L.C., Liu P.G., Ongor B.T.I.	2008	Environmental Geology	55	3	10.1007/s00254-007-1016-z	State Key Lab. of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 190, Kakamega 50100, Kenya	Shu, L.C., State Key Lab. of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Liu, P.G., State Key Lab. of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Ongor, B.T.I., State Key Lab. of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 190, Kakamega 50100, Kenya	In this paper, fist-order reliability method (FORM) is used to evaluate the impacts of uncertainties posed by traditional deterministic models on the environment in Jining, China. Because of groundwater contamination in shallow aquifer, and an increase in water demand, the new wells target the confined aquifer with constant pumping rate of 5,000 m 3/d. Using Theis equation, the groundwater drawdown is analyzed to determine whether the confined aquifer will be contaminated. Although the piezometric level is higher than the phreatic level by 11.0 m, the risk of drawdown is still 19.49% when the pumping rate of 5,000 m 3/d is maintained for 2 years. The deterministic model indicates a drawdown of 8.94 m which is lower than the maximum tolerance drawdown of 11.0 m. The sensitivity and uncertainty analysis reveal that the model result is more sensitive to transmissivity than specific yield, while the reliability analysis offers significant information for the decision makers. This approach exposes and minimizes the risk of undesirable consequences such as groundwater contamination. © 2007 Springer-Verlag.	China; FORM; Groundwater drawdown; Jining; Reliability analysis; Risk	Environmental impact; Environmental impact assessments; Groundwater; Groundwater resources; Hydrogeology; Offshore oil well production; Underground reservoirs; Case studies; Confined aquifers; Deterministic modeling; Ground water systems; Groundwater contamination; Impact Assessment (IA); Pumping rates; Reliability methods; Shallow aquifers; Water demands; Groundwater pollution; aquifer pollution; confined aquifer; environmental impact assessment; hydrological modeling; piezometer; reliability analysis; sensitivity analysis; uncertainty analysis; water demand; Asia; China; Eurasia; Far East; Jining; Shandong	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-42449110670	The impact of scientific information on ecosystem management: Making sense of the contextual gap between information providers and decision makers	Van Wyk E., Roux D.J., Drackner M., McCool S.F.	2008	Environmental Management	41	5	10.1007/s00267-008-9084-8	Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Department of Society and Conservation, College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812-0576, United States	Van Wyk, E., Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Roux, D.J., Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Drackner, M., Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; McCool, S.F., Department of Society and Conservation, College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812-0576, United States	Scientific information is not always effectively incorporated into decision-making processes. This phenomenon seems to hold even when the information is aligned with an articulated need, is generated according to sound scientific procedures, and is packaged with end-user preferences in mind. We propose that contextual or cultural differences contribute significantly to the misalignment in communication between those who generate information and those who seek information for improved management of natural resources. The solution is to cultivate shared understanding, which in turn relies on acknowledgment and sharing of diverse values and attitudes. This constitutes a difficult challenge in a culturally diverse environment. Whereas cultural diversity represents wealth in experiences, knowledge and perspectives it can constrain the potential to develop the shared understandings necessary for effective integration of new information. This article illustrates how a lack of shared understanding among participants engaged in a resource-management process can produce and perpetuate divergent views of the world, to the extent that information and knowledge flows are ineffective and scientific information, even when requested, cannot be used effectively. Four themes were distilled from interviews with management and scientific staff of a natural resource-management agency in South Africa. The themes are used to illustrate how divergent views embedded in different cultures can discourage alignment of effort toward a common purpose. The article then presents a sense-making framework to illustrate the potential for developing shared understandings in a culturally diverse world. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Culture; Ecosystem management; Learning; Scientific information; Shared understanding	Cultural diversity; Ecosystem management; Decision making; Environmental management; Information use; Natural resources; Ecosystems; decision making; ecosystem management; learning; natural resource; participatory approach; perception; public attitude; resource management; traditional knowledge; article; cultural anthropology; decision making; environmental management; South Africa; Comprehension; Conservation of Natural Resources; Cultural Diversity; Decision Making; Ecosystem; Humans; Information Management; Knowledge; Science; South Africa; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-62549135657	Mapping grazing-induced degradation in a semi-arid environment: A rapid and cost effective approach for assessment and monitoring	Thompson M., Vlok J., Rouget M., Hoffman M.T., Balmford A., Cowling R.M.	2009	Environmental Management	43	4	10.1007/s00267-008-9228-x	GeoTerraImage, P.O. Box 295, Persequor TechnoPark, Pretoria 0020, South Africa; Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; Biodiversity Center, South African National Botanical Institute, Brumeria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom; Leslie Hill Institute for Plant Conservation, Department of Botany, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Thompson, M., GeoTerraImage, P.O. Box 295, Persequor TechnoPark, Pretoria 0020, South Africa; Vlok, J., Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; Rouget, M., Biodiversity Center, South African National Botanical Institute, Brumeria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa, Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom; Hoffman, M.T., Leslie Hill Institute for Plant Conservation, Department of Botany, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Balmford, A., Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom; Cowling, R.M., Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa	Improved techniques for measuring and monitoring the state of biodiversity are required for reporting on national obligations to international and regional conservation institutions. Measuring the extent of grazing-related degradation in semi-arid ecosystems has proved difficult. Here we present an accurate and cost-effective method for doing this, and apply it in a South African semi-arid region that forms part of a globally significant biodiversity hotspot. We grouped structurally and functionally similar vegetation units, which were expert-mapped at the 1:50,000 scale, into four habitat types, and developed habitat-specific degradation models. We quantified degradation into three categories, using differences between dry and wet season values of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for the three succulent karoo habitats, and the difference between maximum and mean NDVI values for the subtropical thicket habitat. Field evaluation revealed an accuracy of 86%. Overall, degradation was high: 24% of the study area was modeled as severely degraded, and only 9% as intact. Levels of degradation were highest for bottomland habitats that were most exposed to grazing impacts. In sharp contrast to our methods, a widely used, broad-scale and snapshot assessment of land cover in South Africa was only 33% accurate, and it considerably underestimated the extent of severely degraded habitat in the study area. While our approach requires a multidisciplinary team, and in particular expert knowledge on the characteristics and spatial delimitation of vegetation types, it is repeatable, rapid, and relatively inexpensive. Consequently, it holds great promise for monitoring and evaluation programs in semi-arid ecosystems, in Africa, and beyond. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Land cover; Land degradation; Monitoring; Remote-sensing; Semi-arid ecosystems; South Africa	Cost-effective approaches; Cost-effective methods; Degradation models; Dry and wets; Evaluation programs; Expert knowledge; Field evaluations; Habitat types; Hot spots; Induced degradations; Land cover; Land degradation; Multi-disciplinary teams; Normalized difference vegetation indices; Semi-arid ecosystems; Semi-arid environments; Semi-arid regions; Sharp contrasts; South Africa; Spatial delimitations; Study areas; Vegetation types; Arid regions; Biodiversity; Cost effectiveness; Degradation; Landforms; Monitoring; Ocean habitats; Remote sensing; Vegetation; Ecosystems; biodiversity; cost-benefit analysis; environmental degradation; environmental impact assessment; environmental monitoring; grazing; mapping method; NDVI; remote sensing; semiarid region; vegetation type; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Conservation of Natural Resources; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring; Geography; South Africa; Africa; Karoo; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871339333	Factors affecting the impact of off-road driving on soils in an area in the Kruger National Park, South Africa	Nortjé G.P., Van Hoven W., Laker M.C.	2012	Environmental Management	50	6	10.1007/s00267-012-9954-y	Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria, South Street Lynnwood Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng 0002, South Africa; Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa	Nortjé, G.P., Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria, South Street Lynnwood Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng 0002, South Africa; Van Hoven, W., Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa; Laker, M.C., Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa	Studies on the effects of off-road driving on soils were conducted in the Makuleke Contractual Park of the Kruger National Park. The studies were conducted on three different soils with different textures and soil compactibilities. Traffic pressure was applied with a game drive vehicle loaded with 11 sand bags, each weighing 70 kg. This gave a total vehicle mass of 3,795 kg, simulating a vehicle fully laden with tourists. The study included: (i) comparing of the effects of four different tyre pressures; (ii) comparing the effects of 1-3 vehicle passes over the same tyre tracks; (iii) comparison of traffic effects under dry and wet soil moisture conditions, on soil compaction, respectively. After each pass penetration resistances were measured (a) on the tyre tracks, (b) between the tyre tracks and (c) at different distances outside the tyre tracks. As expected, vehicular traffic caused soil compaction below the wheel tracks. Lower tyre pressures caused less compaction than higher tyre pressures. Fewer vehicle passes also caused less compaction than more passes on the same tracks, but most compaction occurred during the first pass. Thus, driving on the same tracks more than once is less damaging than driving once on different tracks. Controlled traffic should be considered when developing management strategies for off-road driving in wildlife protected areas. © The Author(s) 2012.	Off-road driving; Penetration resistance; Soil compaction; Tyre pressure; Vehicle passes; Vehicular traffic	Controlled traffic; Dry and wet; Management strategies; Moisture conditions; National parks; Off-road driving; Penetration resistances; Protected areas; Soil compaction; South Africa; Traffic effect; Traffic pressure; Tyre pressure; Vehicle mass; Wheel track; Airport vehicular traffic; Compaction; Conservation; Roads and streets; Soil mechanics; Soil moisture; Vehicles; Tires; compaction; environmental impact; human activity; pressure effect; protected area; road transport; soil moisture; soil texture; strategic approach; tire; wildlife management; article; environmental factor; environmental impact; motor vehicle; national park; off road driving; pressure; soil; soil compaction; soil moisture; South Africa; traffic; Automobile Driving; Recreation; Soil; South Africa; Kruger National Park; South Africa	None
WoS	WOS:000321917200007	Public Hearing or 'Hearing Public'? An Evaluation of the Participation of Local Stakeholders in Environmental Impact Assessment of Ghana's Jubilee Oil Fields	Bawole, Justice Nyigmah	2013	ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT	52	2	10.1007/s00267-013-0086-9	University of Ghana	None	This article investigates the involvement of local stakeholders in the environmental impact assessment (EIA) processes of Ghana's first off-shore oil fields (the Jubilee fields). Adopting key informants interviews and documentary reviews, the article argues that the public hearings and the other stakeholder engagement processes were cosmetic and rhetoric with the view to meeting legal requirements rather than a purposeful interest in eliciting inputs from local stakeholders. It further argues that the operators appear to lack the social legitimacy and social license that will make them acceptable in the project communities. A rigorous community engagement along with a commitment to actively involving local stakeholders in the corporate social responsibility (CSR) programmes of the partners may enhance the image of the partners and improve their social legitimacy. Local government agencies should be capacitated to actively engage project organisers; and government must mitigate the impact of the oil projects through well-structured social support programmes.	"ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT",GHANA,"public hearing","public participation","Social legitimacy and license",stakeholder,"APPLIED LINGUISTICS",COMMUNITY,EIA,INDIA,MANAGEMENT,"QUALITATIVE INTERVIEWS"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898544390	Impact of off-road vehicles (ORVs) on ghost crabs of sandy beaches with traffic restrictions: A case study of Sodwana Bay, South Africa	Lucrezi S., Saayman M., Van Der Merwe P.	2014	Environmental Management	53	3	10.1007/s00267-013-0223-5	TREES - Tourism Research in Economic Environs and Society, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	Lucrezi, S., TREES - Tourism Research in Economic Environs and Society, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Saayman, M., TREES - Tourism Research in Economic Environs and Society, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Van Der Merwe, P., TREES - Tourism Research in Economic Environs and Society, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	Off-road vehicles (ORVs) are popular in coastal recreation, although they have negative impacts on sandy shores. In South Africa, ORVs are banned from most coastal areas, while some areas are designated for restricted ORV use, providing an opportunity to assess whether ORV traffic restrictions translate into biological returns. In Sodwana Bay, the impact of ORVs on ghost crab populations was investigated. During Easter 2012, ghost crab burrows were counted on beach sections open and closed to traffic. Burrow density in the Impact section was less than a third that of the Reference section, and by the end of the study burrow size in the Impact section was half that of the Reference section. ORV traffic caused a shift in burrow distribution to the Lower beach. However, differences in burrow densities between sections were 14 times smaller than differences obtained at a time when ORV use in Sodwana Bay was not controlled. While confirming the well-established detrimental effects of ORV use on sandy beach ecosystems, results demonstrated that traffic restrictions on beaches measurably minimize impacts to the fauna, thus translating into clear-cut biological returns. © Springer Science+Business Media 2013.	Burrow density; Ghost crabs; Impact; Off-road vehicle (ORV); Sandy beach; Traffic restrictions	Beaches; Coastal zones; Off road vehicles; Coastal area; Ghost crabs; Impact; Sandy beach; Sandy shores; South Africa; Traffic restrictions; Shellfish; article; case study; crab; moisture; motor vehicle; nonhuman; population density; sand; seashore; sediment; shear strength; South Africa; traffic; animal; bay; Brachyura; ecosystem; legislation and jurisprudence; motor vehicle; physiology; population dynamics; recreation; statistical model; statistics and numerical data; swimming; Ocypodidae; Animals; Bathing Beaches; Bays; Brachyura; Ecosystem; Linear Models; Off-Road Motor Vehicles; Population Density; Population Dynamics; Recreation; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84934441126	Displacement, Deprivation and Development: The Impact of Relocation on Income and Livelihood of Tribes in Similipal Tiger and Biosphere Reserve, India	Mahapatra A.K., Tewari D.D., Baboo B.	2015	Environmental Management	56	2	10.1007/s00267-015-0507-z	Forest and Environment Department, Regional Plant Resource Center, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India; University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, Richards Bay, South Africa	Mahapatra, A.K., Forest and Environment Department, Regional Plant Resource Center, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India; Tewari, D.D., University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, Richards Bay, South Africa; Baboo, B., Forest and Environment Department, Regional Plant Resource Center, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India	A large volume of literature describes adverse consequences of conservation-induced displacement on indigenous communities depended on natural resources of wildlife habitat. Resettlement policies in protected areas the world over are mainly designed and implemented without consideration of social and economic costs of exclusion. This study examined income and poverty profile of tribal residents in Similipal Tiger and Biosphere Reserve in India, relative to the households relocated out of the reserve. The income from different sources and livelihood diversification of displaced reserve dwellers reflected changes resulting from the loss of access to natural and household assets. The results contradicted common perception about impoverishment outcome of relocation. It showed an increase in the per capita income for poorer segments with an overall 8 % increase in absolute household income and corresponding improvement in the poverty ratio (head count ratio) and FGT index (0.241) for the relocated community. Contrary to other studies, the finding did not observe social alignment or marginalization; however, on-farm livelihood diversification reduced with increased dependence on off-farm sources. Expulsion of people from forest reserves to support conservation is inadequate in restricting habitat use of locals unless suitable alternative livelihood options are available for forest dependent was proven from the study. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Forest income; Household economy; Park dwellers; Resettlement	Biospherics; Ecosystems; Forestry; Alternative livelihoods; Biosphere reserve; Forest income; Household economy; Indigenous community; Per capita income; Resettlement; Wildlife habitats; Conservation; adult; cost; demography; economics; ecosystem; environmental protection; family size; forest; human; income; India; population group; procedures; rural population; Adult; Conservation of Natural Resources; Costs and Cost Analysis; Ecosystem; Family Characteristics; Forests; Humans; Income; India; Population Groups; Residence Characteristics; Rural Population	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940960972	Population Growth and Its Impact on the Design Capacity and Performance of the Wastewater Treatment Plants in Sedibeng and Soshanguve, South Africa	Teklehaimanot G.Z., Kamika I., Coetzee M.A.A., Momba M.N.B.	2015	Environmental Management	56	4	10.1007/s00267-015-0564-3	Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Water Care Unit, TUT, Private Bag X680, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Arcadia Campus, Pretoria, South Africa	Teklehaimanot, G.Z., Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Water Care Unit, TUT, Private Bag X680, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Arcadia Campus, Pretoria, South Africa; Kamika, I., Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Water Care Unit, TUT, Private Bag X680, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Arcadia Campus, Pretoria, South Africa; Coetzee, M.A.A., Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Water Care Unit, TUT, Private Bag X680, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Arcadia Campus, Pretoria, South Africa; Momba, M.N.B., Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Water Care Unit, TUT, Private Bag X680, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Arcadia Campus, Pretoria, South Africa	This study investigated the effects of population growth on the performance of the targeted wastewater treatment plants in Sedibeng District and Soshanguve peri-urban area, South Africa. The impact of population growth was assessed in terms of plant design, operational capacity (flow rate) and other treatment process constraints. Between 2001 and 2007, the number of households connected to the public sewerage service increased by 15.5, 17.2 and 37.8 % in Emfuleni, Lesedi and Midvaal Local Municipalities, respectively. Soshanguve revealed a 50 % increment in the number of households connected to the sewerage system between 1996 and 2001. Except for Sandspruit (−393.8 %), the rate of influent flows received by Meyerton increased by 6.8 ML/day (67.8 %) and 4.7 ML/day (46.8 %) during the dry and wet seasons, respectively. The flow rate appeared to increase during the wet season by 6.8 ML/day (19.1 %) in Leeuwkuil and during the dry season by 0.8 ML/day (3.9 %) in Rietgat. Underperformance of the existing wastewater treatment plants suggests that the rapid population growth in urban and peri-urban areas (hydraulic overloading of the wastewater treatment plants) and operational constraints (overflow rate, retention time, oxygen supply capacity of the plants and chlorine contact time) resulted in the production of poor quality effluents in both selected areas. This investigation showed that the inefficiency of Meyerton Wastewater Treatment Plant was attributed to the population growth (higher volumes of wastewater generated) and operational constraints, while the cause of underperformance in the other three treatment plants was clearly technical (operational). © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Nitrification; Population growth; Wastewater treatment; Water pollution	Chemicals removal (water treatment); Effluents; Flow rate; Nitrification; Oxygen supply; Population statistics; Reclamation; Sewage pumping plants; Sewers; Toxicity; Urban growth; Water pollution; Water treatment; Water treatment plants; Dry and wet seasons; Operational capacity; Operational constraints; Population growth; Rapid population growth; Sewerage services; Treatment process; Wastewater treatment plants; Wastewater treatment; chlorine; nitrate; phosphate; phosphorus; storm water; absorption; activated sludge; aeration; aquatic environment; Article; bacterial growth; chemical oxygen demand; chlorination; climate; concentration (parameters); controlled study; denitrification; disinfection; environmental sanitation; Escherichia coli; flow rate; health hazard; household; human; nitrification; nonhuman; oxidation; oxygenation; population growth; population size; public health; seasonal variation; sedimentation rate; sewage effluent; South Africa; suspended particulate matter; waste water management; waste water treatment plant; water pollution	87310, NRF, National Research Foundation of Korea
Scopus	2-s2.0-33744758352	Evaluation of trauma care capabilities in four countries using the WHO-IATSIC Guidelines for Essential Trauma Care	Mock C., Nguyen S., Quansah R., Arreola-Risa C., Viradia R., Joshipura M.	2006	World Journal of Surgery	30	6	10.1007/s00268-005-0768-4	Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Hanoi Health Department, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Sistema Estatal de Atencion de Emergencias Medicas, Secretaría de Salud, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; Public Health System, Bhavnagar, Gujarat State, India; Academy of Traumatology (India), Ahmedabad, India	Mock, C., Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Nguyen, S., Hanoi Health Department, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Quansah, R., Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Arreola-Risa, C., Sistema Estatal de Atencion de Emergencias Medicas, Secretaría de Salud, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; Viradia, R., Public Health System, Bhavnagar, Gujarat State, India; Joshipura, M., Academy of Traumatology (India), Ahmedabad, India	Background: We sought to identify affordable and sustainable methods to strengthen trauma care capabilities globally, especially in developing countries, using the Guidelines for Essential Trauma Care. These guidelines were created by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Society of Surgery and provide recommendations on elements of trauma care that should be in place at the range of health facilities globally. Methods: The guidelines were used as a basis for needs assessments in 4 countries selected to represent the world's range of geographic and economic conditions: Mexico (middle income; Latin America); Vietnam (low income; east Asia); India (low income; south Asia); and Ghana (low income; Africa). One hundred sites were assessed, including rural clinics (n = 51), small hospitals (n = 34), and large hospitals (n = 15). Site visits utilized direct inspection and interviews with administrative and clinical staff. Results: Resources were partly adequate or adequate at most large hospitals, but there were gaps that could be improved, especially in low-income settings, such as shortages of airway equipment, chest tubes, and trauma-related medications; and prolonged periods where critical equipment (e.g., X-ray, laboratory) were unavailable while awaiting repairs. Rural clinics everywhere had difficulties with basic supplies for resuscitation even though some received significant trauma volumes. In all settings, there was a dearth of administrative functions to assure quality trauma care, including trauma registries, trauma-related quality improvement programs, and regular in-service training. Conclusions: This study identified several low-cost ways in which to strengthen trauma care globally. It also has demonstrated the usefulness of the Guidelines for Essential Trauma Care in providing an internationally applicable, standardized template by which to assess trauma care capabilities. © 2006 by the Société Internationale de Chirurgie.	None	article; cost benefit analysis; evaluation; Ghana; hospital care; human; India; injury; laboratory test; Mexico; patient care; practice guideline; standardization; Viet Nam; world health organization; X ray analysis; Developing Countries; Emergency Medical Services; Emergency Service, Hospital; Ghana; Guideline Adherence; Health Facility Size; Humans; India; International Cooperation; Mexico; Practice Guidelines; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Societies, Medical; Socioeconomic Factors; Traumatology; Vietnam; World Health Organization	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349332484	The impact of launching surgery at the district level in niger	Sani R., Nameoua B., Yahaya A., Hassane I., Adamou R., Hsia R.Y., Hoekman P., Sako A., Habibou A.	2009	World Journal of Surgery	33	10	10.1007/s00268-009-0160-x	Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niamey, Niamey, Niger, South Africa; Regional Hospital of Dosso, Dosso, Niger; District Hospital, Dosso Region, Dosso, Niger; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States	Sani, R., Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niamey, Niamey, Niger, South Africa; Nameoua, B., Regional Hospital of Dosso, Dosso, Niger; Yahaya, A., District Hospital, Dosso Region, Dosso, Niger; Hassane, I., District Hospital, Dosso Region, Dosso, Niger; Adamou, R., District Hospital, Dosso Region, Dosso, Niger; Hsia, R.Y., Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Hoekman, P., Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niamey, Niamey, Niger, South Africa; Sako, A., Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niamey, Niamey, Niger, South Africa; Habibou, A., Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niamey, Niamey, Niger, South Africa	In 2005, the Ministry of Health in association with the Faculty of Medicine of Niamey decided to launch surgery at the district hospital (DH) level as part of the health strategy for the country. Surgical procedures were provided by general practitioners who received 12 months of training in basic surgery. Whereas the initiative was launched nationwide, we chose randomly to study the region of Dosso during a 1-year time period of January 2007 to December 2007 in the three district hospitals as well as the regional hospital of Dosso. During the course of 1 year, 544 patients received operations in the three DHs, of which 37.9% (n = 206) were emergent and 62.1% (n = 338) were elective. The most common emergent interventions were cesarean sections (70%) and uterine ruptures (7.8%). For elective surgeries, hernia repairs comprised 80.8% of the cases. The mortality rate of emergent surgeries was 7.3 and 0% in the cases of elective surgeries. Of note, there was a large reduction in transfers to the regional hospital: 52% compared to 2006 and 82% compared to 2005. In 66.1% of the transfers, the cases consisted of fractures, and in 10.4% of abdominal trauma and critical thoracic emergencies. Further study of this initiative has highlighted other challenges, including that of human resources, equipment maintenance, provision of consumables, and the need for continued training. Results from this governmental initiative to provide surgery in rural district hospitals by general practitioners are promising and encouraging. In the rural district of Dosso, there have been no deaths from elective surgery, and the number of surgical transfers to the regional hospital has drastically diminished. © 2009 The Author(s).	None	abdominal injury; adult; article; cesarean section; elective surgery; emergency surgery; fracture; general practitioner; government; health program; hernioplasty; hospital; human; major clinical study; mortality; Niger; patient transport; resource allocation; surgery; surgical patient; surgical training; thorax surgery; uterus rupture; Emergencies; Family Practice; Hospitals, District; Humans; Niger; Patient Transfer; Rural Population; Surgical Procedures, Elective; Surgical Procedures, Operative	None
WoS	WOS:000274328200014	Impact of Parallel Anesthesia and Surgical Provider Training in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Model for a Resource-poor Setting	Bird, Peter,Newton, Mark	2010	WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGERY	34	3	10.1007/s00268-009-0195-z	Vanderbilt University, Kijabe Hosp	"Newton, Mark: Vanderbilt University",	The lack of appropriate numbers of anesthesia and surgical care providers in many resource-poor countries around the world, especially in rural populations, prevents adequate care of the large numbers of patients who require surgery in these settings. This article provides a 10-year review of a rural hospital located in East Africa which developed a training program based on parallel training of anesthesia and surgical care providers. We report the process of building the foundational aspects of a customized medical education program that addresses specific concerns related to the work in a rural African context, which may be very different from medical care provided in the urban settings of low income countries (LIC). We analyzed how the parallel training can provide the clinical tools needed to have a practical impact on the surgical burden in rural Africa. The parallel training program combining training of nurse-anesthetists with the training of multiple levels of surgical care providers, from interns to fellows, led to a fourfold increase in the number of surgical cases. Surgical subspecialty training and the development of an anesthesia care team with anesthesia consultant(s) oversight can serve to maintain a high level of complex and expanding surgical case volume in a rural African hospital setting. This model can be applied to other similar situations in LIC, where the anesthesia and surgical care can be coupled and then customized for the unique clinical rural setting.	,DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES,DEVELOPING-WORLD,DISTRICT,HEALTH,KENYA,NIGERIA,PEDIATRIC-SURGERY,SERVICES,UGANDA	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955467685	The impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on patients with locally advanced breast cancer in a Nigerian semiurban teaching hospital: A single-center descriptive study	Arowolo O.A., Akinkuolie A.A., Lawal O.O., Alatise O.I., Salako A.A., Adisa A.O.	2010	World Journal of Surgery	34	8	10.1007/s00268-010-0617-y	Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State 220005, Nigeria	Arowolo, O.A., Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State 220005, Nigeria; Akinkuolie, A.A., Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State 220005, Nigeria; Lawal, O.O., Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State 220005, Nigeria; Alatise, O.I., Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State 220005, Nigeria; Salako, A.A., Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State 220005, Nigeria; Adisa, A.O., Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State 220005, Nigeria	Background: There is a paucity of data on the response of breast cancer to neoadjuvant c in low-resources developing African countries such as Nigeria. We therefore decided to study the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on breast cancer patients in Nigeria in the light of constrained resources. Methods: This was a single-center retrospective descriptive study. Sixty-two patients with locally advanced breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the last 24 years in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Nigeria, constituted the study population. The outcome measures were clinical tumor response, disease-free survival, overall survival, and chemotherapy toxicity profile. Results: Patients ranged in age from 30 to 85 years (mean = 49.1 ± SD 12.7 years) and included one male. After three cycles of chemotherapy, complete clinical response was observed in 4 patients (6.5%), partial clinical response in 28 patients (45.2%), no clinically measurable response in 24 patients (38.7%), and progressive disease in 6 patients (9.7%). Forty-one patients completed six cycles, of which 9 patients (22.0%) had complete clinical response and 12 patients (29.3%) had partial clinical response. Four of 30 patients (13.3%) with tumor size of 6-10 cm had complete clinical response, while no patient with a tumor bigger than 10 cm had complete clinical response. Of the 62 patients, 42 were followed up for more than 1 year. The 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates of this cohort were 66.7, 42.9, and 11.9%, respectively The median follow-up period was 9 months and the disease-free survival and overall survival rates at median follow-up period were 45 and 37%, respectively. Conclusion: There was a poor overall clinical response rate to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the Black population studied. Late presentation with large tumor mass may be accountable for this. © 2010 Société Internationale de Chirurgie.	None	antineoplastic agent; cyclophosphamide; doxorubicin; fluorouracil; adjuvant chemotherapy; adjuvant therapy; adult; aged; article; breast tumor; female; human; male; middle aged; mortality; Nigeria; pathology; retrospective study; survival rate; teaching hospital; treatment outcome; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Breast Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms, Male; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Cyclophosphamide; Doxorubicin; Female; Fluorouracil; Hospitals, Teaching; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Nigeria; Retrospective Studies; Survival Rate; Treatment Outcome	None
WoS	WOS:000285998100002	Evaluation of Trauma and Critical Care Training Courses on the Knowledge and Confidence of Participants in Kenya and Zambia	Aphivantrakul, Paul,Labib, Mohammed,Lupasha, Emanual,MacLeod, Jana B. A.,Nthele, Mzaza,Okech, Moses	2011	WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGERY	35	1	10.1007/s00268-010-0810-z	Emory University, University of Zambia, Nakuru Prov Hosp, Univ Teaching Hosp	"Aphivantrakul, Paul: Emory University","Labib, Mohammed: University of Zambia","Lupasha, Emanual: University of Zambia","MacLeod, Jana B. A.: Emory University","Nthele, Mzaza: University of Zambia",	Background Trained health-care personnel are essential for improved outcomes for injured and critically ill patients. The highest injury-related mortality is seen in sub-Saharan Africa, where there is a paucity of skilled personnel. Therefore, the College of Surgeons of East, Central, and Southern Africa (COSECSA) along with Emory University provided an acute trauma care (ATC) and fundamental critical care support course (FCCS). This study evaluates the impact of American-derived courses on the knowledge and confidence of participants from resource-limited countries. Methods Courses were held in Lusaka, Zambia, and Nakuru, Kenya. Participants were COSECSA trainees and personnel from local institutions. The evaluation used a pre-/postcourse multiple-choice exam for knowledge acquisition and a pre-/postcourse questionnaire for confidence assessment. Confidence was measured using a 5-point Likert score, with 5 being the highest level of confidence. Confidence or self-reported efficacy is correlated with increased performance of new skills. Results There were 75 participants (median age = 31 years, 67% male). Three-quarters of the participants reported no prior specific training in either trauma or critical care. Knowledge increased from an average of 51 to 63.3% (p = 0.002) overall, with a 21.7% gain for those who scored in the lowest quartile. Confidence increased from pre- to postcourse on all measures tested: 22 clinical situations (10 trauma, 9 critical care, 3 either) and 15 procedures (p &lt; 0.001 for all measures both individually and aggregated, Wilcoxon rank sum test). The strongest absolute increase in confidence, as well as the largest number of participants who reported any increase, were all in the procedures of cricothyroidotomy [median: pre = 3 (IQR: 2-3) to post = 5 (IQR: 4-5)], DPL [median: pre = 3 (IQR: 2-4) to post = 5 (IQR: 4-5)], and needle decompression [median: pre = 3 (IQR: 3-4) to post = 5 (IQR: 5-5)]. Conclusions Participants from resource-limited countries benefit from ATC/FCCS courses as demonstrated by increased knowledge and confidence across all topics presented. However, the strongest increase in confidence was in performing life-saving procedures. Therefore, future courses should emphasize essential procedures, reduce didactics, and link knowledge acquisition to skill-based teaching.	,"BEHAVIORAL CHANGE",COUNTRIES,INTENSIVE-CARE,MEDICINE	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874108851	Experience with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in a developing country: Impact of tracheostomy	Orji F.T., Okorafor I.A., Akpeh J.O.	2013	World Journal of Surgery	37	2	10.1007/s00268-012-1839-y	Department of Otolaryngology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Sunshine Hospital, Umuahia Abia, Nigeria; Abia State University Teaching Hospital, Aba Abia, Nigeria; Federal Medical Center, Umuahia Abia, Nigeria	Orji, F.T., Department of Otolaryngology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria, Sunshine Hospital, Umuahia Abia, Nigeria, Abia State University Teaching Hospital, Aba Abia, Nigeria; Okorafor, I.A., Department of Otolaryngology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria, Federal Medical Center, Umuahia Abia, Nigeria; Akpeh, J.O., Department of Otolaryngology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria	Background: The frequent relapses of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) sometimes demand repeated surgical excision with tracheostomy. This situation plays a vital role in the management of RRP in developing countries such as ours because of late presentation. This study was conducted to evaluate our experience with RRP and to determine the incidence and impact of tracheostomy in the overall management and outcomes of our patients. Methods: The records of 59 patients with histologically confirmed RRP treated between 1994 and 2008 at our tertiary institution were reviewed. We collected data such as age at onset, tracheostomy frequency and duration, number of required surgical excisions, papilloma spread to the lower airways. Patients' characteristics and the course of the disease were compared between a juvenile-onset papillomatosis (JoRRP) group and an adult-onset group (AdRRP). Results: Overall, 68 % of our patients were in the JoRRP group (ages 2-11 years, mean 6 years). The other 32 % were 22-58 years of age (AdRRP group). Two cases of JoRRP continued into adult life. Multiple RRP dominated in the JoRRP group (93 %), whereas solitary papillomas predominated in the AdRRP group (63 %). Tracheostomy was performed because of upper airway obstruction in 42 % of our patients, with children accounting for 72 %. The mean duration of tracheostomy was 3.5 months, with 80 % lasting <4 months. Significantly more JoRRP patients had severe upper airway obstruction, required tracheostomy, and underwent multiple surgical excisions (p = 0.04, 0.02, and 0.009, respectively). Tracheobronchial spread occurred in a patient with prolonged tracheostomy. Conclusions: Multiple laryngeal papillomatosis clearly followed a more severe and less predictable course than the solitary type in both groups. Although there was a high incidence of tracheostomy in this study, short-duration tracheostomies accounted for the low incidence of extralaryngeal spread. © 2012 Société Internationale de Chirurgie.	None	adult; article; child; developing country; evaluation; female; follow up; human; male; middle aged; Nigeria; onset age; papillomavirus infection; preschool child; recurrent respiratory papillomatosis; reoperation; respiratory tract infection; retrospective study; statistics; tracheostomy; treatment outcome; Adult; Age of Onset; Child; Child, Preschool; Developing Countries; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Papillomavirus Infections; Reoperation; Respiratory Tract Infections; Retrospective Studies; Tracheostomy; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879800084	Getting the job done: Analysis of the impact and effectiveness of the SmileTrain program in alleviating the global burden of cleft disease	Poenaru D.	2013	World Journal of Surgery	37	7	10.1007/s00268-012-1876-6	BethanyKids at Kijabe Hospital, Box 20, Kijabe 00220, Kenya; 14-485 Green Road, Stoney Creek, ON L8E 6A7, Canada	Poenaru, D., BethanyKids at Kijabe Hospital, Box 20, Kijabe 00220, Kenya, 14-485 Green Road, Stoney Creek, ON L8E 6A7, Canada	Background: The study measured the success of SmileTrain, the largest cleft charity globally, in alleviating the global burden of disease (GBD). It was done by estimating averted disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and delayed averted DALYs because of the global backlog in cleft procedures. Methods: Anonymized data for all procedures in the SmileTrain global database were analyzed by age, sex, country, region, and surgery type. DALYs averted were calculated using life expectancy tables and established and estimated disability weights. The cost-effectiveness analysis used mean SmileTrain procedural disbursement figures. Sensitivity analysis was performed using various cleft incidence rates, life expectancy tables, and disability weights. Results: During 2003-2010 a total of 536,846 operations were performed on 364,467 patients - 86 % in Southeast Asia and the western Pacific region. Procedure numbers increased yearly. Mean age at primary surgery - 6.2 years (9.8 years in Africa) - remained fairly constant over time in each region. Globally, 2.1-4.7 million DALYs were averted through the operations at a total estimated cost of US$196 M. Mean DALYs per patient were 3.8-9.0, and mean cost per DALY was $72-$134. Total delayed GBD due to advanced age at surgery was 191,000-457,000 DALYs. Conclusions: Despite an unparalleled number of surgeries performed and yearly increase by one charity, the unmet and delayed averted cleft GBD remains significant in all regions. Large geographic disparities reflect varied challenges regarding access to surgery. Cleft surgeries are cost-effective interventions to reduce the global burden of disease (GBD). Future challenges include increased collaboration among cleft care providers and a focus on remote global areas by building infrastructure and local training. © 2012 Société Internationale de Chirurgie.	None	child; cleft palate; cost benefit analysis; cost of illness; economics; evaluation study; female; health; health care delivery; health care disparity; human; infant; international cooperation; life expectancy; life table; male; organization and management; plastic surgery; preschool child; procedures; program evaluation; social welfare; standards; statistics and numerical data; article; cleft palate; methodology; plastic surgery; standard; statistics; Charities; Child; Child, Preschool; Cleft Palate; Cost of Illness; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Female; Global Health; Health Services Accessibility; Healthcare Disparities; Humans; Infant; International Cooperation; Life Expectancy; Life Tables; Male; Program Evaluation; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures; Charities; Child; Child, Preschool; Cleft Palate; Cost of Illness; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Female; Health Services Accessibility; Healthcare Disparities; Humans; Infant; International Cooperation; Life Expectancy; Life Tables; Male; Program Evaluation; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures; World Health	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84902121438	Development, implementation, and evaluation of a hybrid electronic medical record system specifically designed for a developing world surgical service	Laing G.L., Bruce J.L., Skinner D.L., Allorto N.L., Clarke D.L., Aldous C.	2014	World Journal of Surgery	38	6	10.1007/s00268-013-2438-2	Department of Surgery, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X918, Pietermanitzburg 3200, South Africa; Department of Anesthetics and Critical Care, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermanitzburg, South Africa; School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermanitzburg, South Africa	Laing, G.L., Department of Surgery, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X918, Pietermanitzburg 3200, South Africa; Bruce, J.L., Department of Surgery, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X918, Pietermanitzburg 3200, South Africa; Skinner, D.L., Department of Anesthetics and Critical Care, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermanitzburg, South Africa; Allorto, N.L., Department of Surgery, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X918, Pietermanitzburg 3200, South Africa; Clarke, D.L., Department of Surgery, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X918, Pietermanitzburg 3200, South Africa; Aldous, C., School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermanitzburg, South Africa	Background: The Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Trauma Service previously successfully constructed and implemented an electronic surgical registry (ESR). This study reports on our attempts to expand and develop this concept into a multi-functional hybrid electronic medical record (HEMR) system for use in a tertiary level surgical service. This HEMR system was designed to incorporate the function and benefits of an ESR, an electronic medical record (EMR) system, and a clinical decision support system (CDSS). Methods: Formal ethical approval to maintain the HEMR system was obtained. Appropriate software was sourced to develop the project. The data model was designed as a relational database. Following the design and construction process, the HEMR file was launched on a secure server. This provided the benefits of access security and automated backups. A systematic training program was implemented for client training. The exercise of data capture was integrated into the process of clinical workflow, taking place at multiple points in time. Data were captured at the times of admission, operative intervention, endoscopic intervention, adverse events (morbidity), and the end of patient care (discharge, transfer, or death). Results: A quarterly audit was performed 3 months after implementation of the HEMR system. The data were extracted and audited to assess their quality. A total of 1,114 patient entries were captured in the system. Compliance rates were in the order of 87-100 %, and client satisfaction rates were high. Conclusions: It is possible to construct and implement a unique, simple, cost-effective HEMR system in a developing world surgical service. This information system is unique in that it combines the discrete functions of an EMR system with an ESR and a CDSS. We identified a number of potential limitations and developed interventions to ameliorate them. This HEMR system provides the necessary platform for ongoing quality improvement programs and clinical research. © 2013 Société Internationale de Chirurgie.	None	developing country; electronic medical record; electronic medical record; general surgery; health care planning; hospital department; human; medical information system; organization and management; program development; program evaluation; South Africa; Developing Countries; Electronic Health Records; General Surgery; Health Information Exchange; Health Plan Implementation; Humans; Medical Records Systems, Computerized; Program Development; Program Evaluation; South Africa; Surgery Department, Hospital	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939881225	Impact of introduction of laparoscopic surgery on management of unresolved intra-abdominal malignancies in a West African hospital	Adisa A.O., Lawal O.O., Adesunkanmi A.-R.K., Adejuyigbe O.	2015	World Journal of Surgery	38	10	10.1007/s00268-014-2618-8	Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Adisa, A.O., Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Lawal, O.O., Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Adesunkanmi, A.-R.K., Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Adejuyigbe, O., Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Background: Intra-abdominal malignancies often pose diagnostic problems to surgeons in resource-challenged centers such as ours due to limitations in modern imaging and other facilities. This prompted the adoption of laparoscopy in our hospital as an adjunctive tool in diagnosing these conditions. Method: Pre- and per-operative data of consecutive cases of clinically unresolved advanced intra-abdominal tumors subjected to laparoscopy from January 2009 through June 2013 were reviewed. Anatomic diagnosis and tissue biopsies were carried out during the procedures. Results: Of the 152 patients seen with intra-abdominal tumors, 74 (48.7 %) had advanced conditions that could not be resolved clinically. Of these, 33 (44.6 %) were able to afford and had computed tomography (CT), scan while the remaining (N = 41; 55.4 %) less endowed only had an ultrasound scan. This cohort underwent laparoscopic evaluation, and biopsies confirmed the following: 27 (36.5 %) metastatic adenocarcinomas, 12 (16.2 %) primary hepatic malignancies, 11 (14.9 %) cases each of lymphomas and colonic adenocarcinomas, 4 (5.4 %) gastrointestinal stromal tumors, 3 (4.1 %) pancreatic carcinomas, 2 (2.7 %) cases each of carcinoid tumors and abdominal tuberculosis, and one case each of schistosomiasis and HIV-related Kaposi's sarcoma. Additionally, 26 (35.1 %) had ascites, while 29 (39.1 %) had peritoneal surface malignancies. With local adaptations and improvisations, laparoscopy was cheaper than an abdominal CT scan in our setting, with the additional benefit of obtaining tissue diagnosis to institute treatment. Conclusion: Although laparoscopy is commonly used for staging intra-abdominal tumors, we found it useful in complementing clinical diagnosis and attaining histopathological confirmation in a setting where access to and funding of modern imaging is limited. © 2014 Société Internationale de Chirurgie.	None	Abdominal Neoplasms; adult; adverse effects; aged; cancer staging; carcinoma; computer assisted tomography; developing country; economics; female; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors; hospital; human; laparoscopy; lymphoma; male; middle aged; Nigeria; pathology; sarcoma; Abdominal Neoplasms; Adult; Aged; Carcinoma; Developing Countries; Female; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors; Hospitals; Humans; Laparoscopy; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Nigeria; Sarcoma; Tomography, X-Ray Computed	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925536272	Evaluation of training program for surgical trauma teams in botswana	Hanche-Olsen T.P., Alemu L., Viste A., Wisborg T., Hansen K.S.	2015	Presentations from the 9th Annual Electric Utilities Environmental Conference	39	3	10.1007/s00268-014-2873-8	Unit for International Collaboration, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Anaesthesiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Surgery, Nyangabgwe Referral Hospital, Francistown, Botswana; Department of Acute and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, K1, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; BEST Foundation: Better and Systematic Team Training, Department of Acute Care, Hammerfest Hospital, Hammerfest, Norway; Anaesthesia and Critical Care Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway; Norwegian Trauma Competency Service, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Medical Association, Oslo, Norway	Hanche-Olsen, T.P., Unit for International Collaboration, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway, Department of Anaesthesiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Alemu, L., Department of Surgery, Nyangabgwe Referral Hospital, Francistown, Botswana; Viste, A., Department of Acute and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway, Department of Clinical Medicine, K1, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Wisborg, T., BEST Foundation: Better and Systematic Team Training, Department of Acute Care, Hammerfest Hospital, Hammerfest, Norway, Anaesthesia and Critical Care Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway, Norwegian Trauma Competency Service, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Hansen, K.S., BEST Foundation: Better and Systematic Team Training, Department of Acute Care, Hammerfest Hospital, Hammerfest, Norway, Norwegian Medical Association, Oslo, Norway	Background: Trauma represents a challenge to healthcare systems worldwide, particularly in low-and middle-income countries. Positive effects can be achieved by improving trauma care at the scene of the accident and throughout hospitalization and rehabilitation. Therefore, we assessed the long-term effects of national implementation of a training program for multidisciplinary trauma teams in a southern African country. Methods: From 2007 to 2009, an educational program for trauma, "Better and Systematic Team Training," (BEST) was implemented at all government hospitals in Botswana. The effects were assessed through interviews, a structured questionnaire, and physical inspections using the World Health Organization's "Guidelines for Essential Trauma Care." Data on human and physical resources, infrastructure, trauma administrative functions, and quality-improvement activities before and at 2-year follow-up were compared for all 27 government hospitals. Results: A majority of hospitals had formed local trauma organizations; half were performing multidisciplinary trauma simulations and some had organized multidisciplinary trauma teams with alarm criteria. A number of hospitals had developed local trauma guidelines and local trauma registries. More equipment for advanced airway management and stiff cervical collars were available after 2 years. There were also improvements in the skills necessary for airway and breathing management. The most changes were seen in the northern region of Botswana. Conclusions: Implementation of BEST in Botswana hospitals was associated with several positive changes at 2-year follow-up, particularly for trauma administrative functions and quality-improvement activities. The effects on obtaining technical equipment and skills were moderate and related mostly to airway and breathing management. © 2014 Société Internationale de Chirurgie.	None	Botswana; developing country; devices; education; evaluation study; human; organization and management; patient care; practice guideline; program evaluation; public hospital; register; respiration control; standards; time; total quality management; traumatology; Wounds and Injuries; Airway Management; Botswana; Developing Countries; Hospitals, District; Humans; Patient Care Team; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Program Evaluation; Quality Improvement; Registries; Time Factors; Traumatology; Wounds and Injuries	Laerdal Foundation for Acute Medicine
WoS	WOS:000244888900007	Economics, adoption determinants, and impacts of micro-irrigation technologies: empirical results from India	Nagar, R. K.,Namara, R. E.,Upadhyay, B.	2007	IRRIGATION SCIENCE	25	3	10.1007/s00271-007-0065-0	Elecon, Int Water Management Inst	None	Micro-irrigation technologies are promoted for various reasons in India. Despite the reported significant economic advantages, and the concerted support of the government and NGOs, the current micro-irrigation area in India remains an insignificant proportion of its potential. This paper analyzes: (1) the economics of alternative micro-irrigation technologies, (2) the determinants of adoption, (3) the poverty outreach of the different micro-irrigation systems, and (4) the sustainability implications of micro-irrigation adoption. In line with the findings of other studies, this study indicates that micro-irrigation technologies result in a significant productivity and economic gains. The most important determinants of micro-irrigation adoption include access to groundwater, cropping pattern, availability of cash, and level of education, the social status and poverty status of the farmer. Contrary to the expectations, the majority of the current adopters of low-cost micro-irrigation systems are the better-off farmers. The study indicates that the impact of micro-irrigation systems on the sustainability of groundwater resources depends upon the magnitude of the overall productivity gain following the shift from traditional irrigation method to micro-irrigation system, the pattern of use of the saved water, and the type and potential number of adopters.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-41849118075	Evaluation of surge flow furrow irrigation for onion production in a semiarid region of Ethiopia	Kifle M., Tilahun K., Yazew E.	2008	Irrigation Science	26	4	10.1007/s00271-007-0096-6	Tigray Agricultural Research Institute, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Haramaya University, P. O. Box 45, Haramaya, Ethiopia; Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia	Kifle, M., Tigray Agricultural Research Institute, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Tilahun, K., Haramaya University, P. O. Box 45, Haramaya, Ethiopia; Yazew, E., Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia	The study was conducted to evaluate surge irrigation against continuous irrigation in terms of irrigation and water use efficiencies to produce onion. It was carried out at Mekelle Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia on 70 m long and 0.6 m center-center spacing furrows of 0.26% average slope on a clay soil. The treatments consisted of factorial combination of two discharges (Q 1 = 1 l/s and Q 2 = 2 l/s) and three-cycle ratios (CR 1 = 1/3, CR2 = 1/2, and C = 1 for continuous irrigation). Surge flow treatments advanced faster than the respective continuous flow treatments with surge flow treatment SF21 being the fastest. The best value of application efficiency (60%) was achieved for SF11 and the least (46%) for CF2. The maximum (87%) and minimum (68%) values of distribution uniformity were obtained for cycle ratios CR1 and C, respectively. Storage efficiency was highest (89%) for CF2 and lowest (78%) for SF12. Onion yield was significantly affected (p &lt; 0.05) by the interaction effect, the highest (14,400 kg/ha) and the lowest (13,363 kg/ha) yields were obtained for SF11 and SF21, respectively. The maximum irrigation water use efficiency (2.27 kg/m 3) was observed for SF11 and the minimum (1.68 kg/m 3) for CF2. Surge irrigation was found to be a promising irrigation practice for onion production in the study area as it saves water, reduces irrigation period, and increases the crop yield. © 2007 Springer-Verlag.	None	Arid regions; Crops; Discharge (fluid mechanics); Surge flow; Water use efficiencies; Irrigation; Arid regions; Crops; Discharge (fluid mechanics); Irrigation; clay soil; crop production; crop yield; food storage; furrow irrigation; root vegetable; semiarid region; water use efficiency; yield response; Africa; East Africa; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa; Allium cepa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-46549085181	Evaluation of crop yield models for cowpea in Nigeria	Adekalu K.O., Okunade D.A.	2008	Irrigation Science	26	5	10.1007/s00271-008-0103-6	Department of Agricultural Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE 1 7RU, United Kingdom	Adekalu, K.O., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Okunade, D.A., School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE 1 7RU, United Kingdom	Three phasic models namely, Hanks (H-2), Stewart (S-2) and the Hall-Butcher (H-B), were evaluated on cowpea irrigated using a line source sprinkler system. Three sets of field data (1983, 1985, and 1986) were collected; the 1985 data were used for calibration while the 1983 and 1986 data were used for evaluation of the models. The model performance that most accurately matched the measured data was then used to simulate the most water-efficient irrigation schedule and deficit irrigation analysis for cowpea in Nigeria. Results showed that the models gave good estimates of cowpea grain yield with the H-2 model performing slightly better than the other two models. The weighted root mean square deviations were 0.043, 0.094, and 0.213 for the H-2, S-2 and the H-B model, respectively. Simulation studies with the H-2 model showed that irrigating at 40% moisture depletion is the most water-efficient schedule for cowpea and that greater yield from a given optimum seasonal water application for deficit irrigation can be achieved by splitting the seasonal deficit among the growth stages. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.	None	Computer simulation; Mathematical models; Moisture; Sprinkler systems (irrigation); Moisture depletion; Water-efficient irrigation; Crops; Computer simulation; Crops; Mathematical models; Moisture; Sprinkler systems (irrigation); calibration; crop yield; developmental stage; irrigation; legume; modeling; performance assessment; spray; yield response; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33644587400	Evaluation of Allen's test in both arms and arteries of left and right-handed people	Oettlé A.C., van Niekerk A., Boon J.M., Meiring J.H.	2006	Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy	28	1	10.1007/s00276-005-0039-y	Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, P.O. Box 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Oettlé, A.C., Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, P.O. Box 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; van Niekerk, A., Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, P.O. Box 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Boon, J.M., Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, P.O. Box 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Meiring, J.H., Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, P.O. Box 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	The Allen's test as described in 1929 by Edgar V. Allen has been modified, adapted and complemented by other newer modalities but remains a first line standard test to evaluate the arterial supply of the hand. In this study an attempt has been made to add more information regarding the arterial supply of the hand, in left- and right-handed individuals, left and right hands and the ulnar and radial arteries, when doing the Allen's test. A modified Allen's test using an oxygen saturation monitor was used. The sample group consisted of 80 (30 left-handed and 50 right-handed) students. No significant differences between the Allen's test of the left and right hands in the left and right-handed individuals were found. There was a marginal but not significant difference between the two arteries. The ulnar artery took slightly longer to reach baseline values as compared to the radial artery. The results suggest that a positive Allen's test can be found in both left and right-handed people, with regard to the left and right hands and both radial and ulnar arteries may be implicated. This information should be kept in mind when selecting either the radial or ulnar artery for grafting purposes (e.g. coronary angiosurgery) and forearm artery cannulation. © Springer-Verlag 2006.	Collateral circulation; Oximetry; Patient selection; Radial artery; Ulnar artery	adult; arm; arterial circulation; artery catheterization; artery graft; article; controlled study; female; function test; human; human experiment; left handedness; male; monitor; normal human; oximetry; oxygen saturation; priority journal; radial artery; right handedness; ulnar artery; Adult; Arm; Arteries; Female; Functional Laterality; Humans; Male; Oximetry; Radial Artery; Ulnar Artery	None
None	None	In vitro evaluation of dichloro-bis(pyrazole)palladium(II) and dichloro-bis(pyrazole)platinum(II) complexes as anticancer agents	Keter F.K., Kanyanda S., Lyantagaye S.S.L., Darkwa J., Rees D.J.G., Meyer M.	2008	Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology	63	1	10.1007/s00280-008-0721-y	Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Dar Es Salaam, P.O. Box 35179, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Keter, F.K., Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Kanyanda, S., Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; Lyantagaye, S.S.L., Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Dar Es Salaam, P.O. Box 35179, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Darkwa, J., Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Rees, D.J.G., Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; Meyer, M., Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa	Introduction: Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum) was first identified for its anti-bacterial activity, and was later also shown to be an efficient anticancer agent. However, the therapeutic use of this anticancer drug is somewhat limited by its toxic side effects, which include nephrotoxicity, nausea, and vomiting. Furthermore the development of drug-resistant tumours is commonly observed following therapy with cisplatin. Hence there is a need for improved platinum derived drugs to overcome these limitations. Aims: Apoptosis contributes significantly to the cytotoxic effects of anticancer agents such as cisplatin; therefore in this study the potential anticancer properties of a series of pyrazole palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes, [(3,5-R 2pz) 2PdCl 2] {R = H (1), R = Me (2)} and [(3,5-R 2pz) 2PtCl 2] {R = H (3), R = Me (4)}, were evaluated by assessment of their pro-apoptotic activity. Methods: The induction of apoptosis was measured in CHO cells by the detection of phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure using the annexin V and APOPercentage™ assays; DNA fragmentation using the Terminal deoxynucleotide transferase dUTP Nick End Labelling (TUNEL) assay; and the detection of activated caspase-3. Results: The platinum complexes were shown to be considerably more active than the palladium complexes, with complex 3 demonstrating the highest level of cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic activity. The LD 50 values for complex 3 and cisplatin were 20 and 70 μM, respectively, demonstrating that the cytotoxic activity for complex 3 was three times higher than for cisplatin. Various human cancer cell lines, including CaSki, HeLa, as well as the p53 mutant Jurkat T cell line were also shown to be susceptible to complex 3. Conclusions: Collectively, this in vitro study provides insights into action of palladium and platinum complexes and demonstrates the potential use of these compounds, and in particular complex 3, in the development of new anticancer agents. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.	Anticancer; Apoptosis; Bis(pyrazole)palladium(II); Bis(pyrazole)platinum(II); Cisplatin; Cytotoxicity	antineoplastic agent; caspase 3; cisplatin; dichlorobis(3,5 dimethylpyrazole)palladium; dichlorobis(3,5 dimethylpyrazole)platinum; dichlorobis(pyrazole)palladium; dichlorobis(pyrazole)platinum; lipocortin 5; palladium complex; phosphatidylserine; platinum complex; unclassified drug; animal cell; apoptosis; article; cancer cell culture; controlled study; cytotoxicity; DNA fragmentation; drug screening; enzyme activation; human; human cell; in vitro study; LD 50; nick end labeling; nonhuman; priority journal; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Apoptosis; Cell Line, Tumor; CHO Cells; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Hela Cells; Humans; Jurkat Cells; Molecular Structure; Organometallic Compounds; Organoplatinum Compounds	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79954439764	Evaluation of genetic manipulation strategies on d-lactate production by Escherichia coli	Zhou L., Zuo Z.-R., Chen X.-Z., Niu D.-D., Tian K.-M., Prior B.A., Shen W., Shi G.-Y., Singh S., Wang Z.-X.	2011	Current Microbiology	62	3	10.1007/s00284-010-9817-9	Center for Bioresource and Bioenergy, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4001, South Africa	Zhou, L., Center for Bioresource and Bioenergy, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Zuo, Z.-R., Center for Bioresource and Bioenergy, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Chen, X.-Z., Center for Bioresource and Bioenergy, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Niu, D.-D., Center for Bioresource and Bioenergy, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Tian, K.-M., Center for Bioresource and Bioenergy, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Prior, B.A., Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Shen, W., Center for Bioresource and Bioenergy, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Shi, G.-Y., Center for Bioresource and Bioenergy, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Singh, S., Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4001, South Africa; Wang, Z.-X., Center for Bioresource and Bioenergy, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China	In order to rationally manipulate the cellular metabolism of Escherichia coli for d-lactate production, single-gene and multiple-gene deletions with mutations in acetate kinase (ackA), phosphotransacetylase (pta), phosphoenolpyruvate synthase (pps), pyruvate formate lyase (pflB), FAD-binding d-lactate dehydrogenase (dld), pyruvate oxidase (poxB), alcohol dehydrogenase (adhE), and fumarate reductase (frdA) were tested for their effects in two-phase fermentations (aerobic growth and oxygen-limited production). Lactate yield and productivity could be improved by single-gene deletions of ackA, pta, pflB, dld, poxB, and frdA in the wild type E. coli strain but were unfavorably affected by deletions of pps and adhE. However, fermentation experiments with multiple-gene mutant strains showed that deletion of pps in addition to ackA-pta deletions had no effect on lactate production, whereas the additional deletion of adhE in E. coli B0013-050 (ackA-pta pps pflB dld poxB) increased lactate yield. Deletion of all eight genes in E. coli B0013 to produce B0013-070 (ackA-pta pps pflB dld poxB adhE frdA) increased lactate yield and productivity by twofold and reduced yields of acetate, succinate, formate, and ethanol by 95, 89, 100, and 93%, respectively. When tested in a bioreactor, E. coli B0013-070 produced 125 g/l d-lactate with an increased oxygen-limited lactate productivity of 0.61 g/g h (2.1-fold greater than E. coli B0013). These kinetic properties of d-lactate production are among the highest reported and the results have revealed which genetic manipulations improved d-lactate production by E. coli. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	None	acetate kinase; acetic acid; alcohol; alcohol dehydrogenase; formic acid; fumarate reductase; lactate dehydrogenase; lactic acid; phosphate acetyltransferase; pyruvate oxidase; pyruvate water dikinase; succinic acid; synthetase; unclassified drug; ackA gene; adhE gene; aerobic fermentation; article; bacterial gene; bacterial growth; bacterial metabolism; bacterial strain; controlled study; dld gene; Escherichia coli; frda gene; gene deletion; gene mutation; genetic manipulation; nonhuman; pflB gene; poxb gene; pps gene; priority journal; pta gene; wild type; Aerobiosis; Anaerobiosis; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Fermentation; Gene Deletion; Genetic Engineering; Lactic Acid; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Mutation; Organisms, Genetically Modified; Escherichia coli	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943399504	The impact of self-protective measures in the optimal interventions for controlling infectious diseases of human population	Kassa S.M., Ouhinou A.	2015	Journal of Mathematical Biology	70	42371	10.1007/s00285-014-0761-3	Department of Mathematics, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and technology, University of Sultane Moulay Slimane, B.P. 523, Beni-Mellal, Morocco	Kassa, S.M., Department of Mathematics, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ouhinou, A., Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and technology, University of Sultane Moulay Slimane, B.P. 523, Beni-Mellal, Morocco	A mathematical model for infectious disease epidemics with behaviour change and treatment is formulated and analysed. It is indicated that behaviour modification by the population has a significant impact on the dynamics of the disease. Moreover, an optimal control theory is applied to propose the best possible combination of efforts in controlling a disease. It is shown that it may not be necessary to continuously apply treatment at a full rate to eradicate the disease, if the effort is supported by effective behaviour modification strategies. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Behaviour change; Dynamical systems; Epidemiological models; Infectious diseases; Optimal control	behavior therapy; biological model; Botswana; Communicable Diseases; computer simulation; Epidemics; health behavior; HIV Infections; human; infection control; mathematical phenomena; procedures; psychology; public health service; statistical model; statistics and numerical data; transmission; Behavior Therapy; Botswana; Communicable Diseases; Computer Simulation; Epidemics; Health Behavior; HIV Infections; Humans; Infection Control; Mathematical Concepts; Models, Biological; Models, Statistical; Public Health Practice	AIMS, African Institute for Mathematical Sciences
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846910026	Phylogeography of Eupodes minutus (Acari: Prostigmata) on sub-Antarctic Marion Island reflects the impact of historical events	Mortimer E., Jansen Van Vuuren B.	2007	Polar Biology	30	4	10.1007/s00300-006-0205-7	Evolutionary Genomics Group, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Mortimer, E., Evolutionary Genomics Group, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Jansen Van Vuuren, B., DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Marion Island, situated ∼2,300 km south-east of Cape Town, South Africa, has experienced multiple volcanic and glaciation events during its history. To better understand the impact of these events on species' genetic structure, we determined the phylogeographic population structure of the mite, Eupodes minutus. We included 57 individuals sampled from 11 localities across the island. Our analyses based on the mitochondrial COI gene suggest a population expansion as would typically be expected when species recover after being confined to refugia. Standard phi (Φ) statistics and a spatial analysis of molecular variance (SAMOVA) identified unique populations on the south-western and south-eastern sides of the island. We argue that multiple volcanic events on the southern side of Marion, in combination with glaciations, effectively isolated these populations from each other. © 2006 Springer-Verlag.	COI; Mites; Population structure; Southern Ocean	environmental impact; genetic structure; glaciation; historical ecology; mite; mitochondrial DNA; phylogeography; population structure; range expansion; refugium; Africa; Cape Town; Indian Ocean; Indian Ocean islands; Marion Island; Prince Edward Islands; South Africa; Southern Africa; Southern Ocean; Sub-Saharan Africa; Western Cape; Acari; Eupodes minutus; Prostigmata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954631909	Impact of anthropogenic transportation to Antarctica on alien seed viability	Hughes K.A., Lee J.E., Ware C., Kiefer K., Bergstrom D.M.	2010	Polar Biology	33	8	10.1007/s00300-010-0801-4	British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, United Kingdom; Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia; Institute of Antarctic and Southern Ocean Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 77, Hobart 7001, Australia	Hughes, K.A., British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, United Kingdom; Lee, J.E., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Ware, C., Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia, Institute of Antarctic and Southern Ocean Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 77, Hobart 7001, Australia; Kiefer, K., Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia, Institute of Antarctic and Southern Ocean Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 77, Hobart 7001, Australia; Bergstrom, D.M., Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia, Institute of Antarctic and Southern Ocean Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 77, Hobart 7001, Australia	Antarctic ecosystems are at risk from the introduction of invasive species. The first step in the process of invasion is the transportation of alien species to Antarctic in a viable state. However, the effect of long-distance human-mediated dispersal, over different timescales, on propagule viability is not well known. We assessed the viability of Poa trivialis seeds transported to Antarctica from the UK, South Africa and Australia by ship or by ship and aircraft. Following transportation to the Antarctic Treaty area, no reduction in seed viability was found, despite journey times lasting up to 284 days and seeds experiencing temperatures as low as -1.5°C. This work confirms that human-mediated transport may overcome the dispersal barrier for some propagules, and highlights the need for effective pre-departure biosecurity measures. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.	Antarctica; Dispersal; Invasion; Non-native; Propagule; Transport	anthropogenic effect; biological invasion; biosafety; environmental risk; invasive species; propagule; seed dispersal; transportation mode; viability; Antarctica; Poa; Poa trivialis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871357624	Ground-based in situ measurements of near-surface aerosol mass concentration over Anantapur: Heterogeneity in source impacts	Reddy B.S.K., Kumar K.R., Balakrishnaiah G., Gopal K.R., Reddy R.R., Sivakumar V., Arafath S.M., Lingaswamy A.P., Pavankumari S., Umadevi K., Ahammed Y.N.	2013	Advances in Atmospheric Sciences	30	1	10.1007/s00376-012-1234-5	Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India; Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkoido University, Sapporo, 0600819, Japan; School of Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Department of Physics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516003, India	Reddy, B.S.K., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India, Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkoido University, Sapporo, 0600819, Japan; Kumar, K.R., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India, School of Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Balakrishnaiah, G., Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Gopal, K.R., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India; Reddy, R.R., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India; Sivakumar, V., School of Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Arafath, S.M., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India; Lingaswamy, A.P., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India; Pavankumari, S., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India; Umadevi, K., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India; Ahammed, Y.N., Department of Physics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516003, India	Surface measurements of aerosol physical properties were made at Anantapur (14.62°N, 77.65°E, 331 m a. s. l), a semiarid rural site in India, during August 2008-July 2009. Measurements included the segregated sizes of aerosolsas as well as total mass concentration and size distributions of aerosols measured at low relative humidity (RH&lt;75%) using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) in the 25-0.05 μm aerodynamic diameter range. The hourly average total surface aerosol mass concentration in a day varied from 15 to 70 μg m-3, with a mean value of 34.02±9.05 μg m-3 for the entire study period. A clear diurnal pattern appeared in coarse, accumulation and nucleation-mode particle concentrations, with two local maxima occurring in early morning and late evening hours. The concentration of coarse-mode particles was high during the summer season, with a maximum concentration of 11.81±0.98 μg m-3 in the month of April, whereas accumulationmode concentration was observed to be high in the winter period contributed &gt;68% to the total aerosol mass concentration. Accumulation aerosol mass fraction, Af (= Ma/Mt) was highest during winter (mean value of Af ~ 0.80) and lowest (Af ~ 0.64) during the monsoon season. The regression analysis shows that both Reff and Rm are dependent on coarse-mode aerosols. The relationship between the simultaneous measurements of daily mean aerosol optical depth at 500 nm (AOD500) and PM2.5 mass concentration ([PM2.5]) shows that surface-level aerosol mass concentration increases with the increase in columnar aerosol optical depth over the observation period. © 2012 Chinese National Committee for International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	aerosols mass concentration; backward trajectories; effective radius; size distribution	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33750466165	Chiari I anatomy after ventriculoperitoneal shunting: Posterior fossa volumetric evaluation with MRI	Osuagwu F.C., Lazareff J.A., Rahman S., Bash S.	2006	Child's Nervous System	22	11	10.1007/s00381-006-0118-3	Department of Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Division of Neurosurgery, UCLA School of Medicine, Box 957039, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7039, United States; Department of Radiology, UCLA School of Medicine, Box 957039, Los Angeles, CA 90095-703	Osuagwu, F.C., Department of Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Division of Neurosurgery, UCLA School of Medicine, Box 957039, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7039, United States; Lazareff, J.A., Division of Neurosurgery, UCLA School of Medicine, Box 957039, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7039, United States; Rahman, S., Division of Neurosurgery, UCLA School of Medicine, Box 957039, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7039, United States; Bash, S., Department of Radiology, UCLA School of Medicine, Box 957039, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7039, United States	Introduction: Cephalocranial disproportion was said to be responsible for Chiari I malformation after ventriculoperitoneal shunt. We aimed to evaluate if the volumetric characteristics of Chiari I after a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was due to a general volumetric reduction and if it is restricted to the posterior fossa. Results: Our results show that the posterior fossa volume, cisternal, clival length, and posterior cranial fossa volume ratio were reduced in the shunted group compared to the controls (p<0.05). Cerebellar and supratentorial volumes were similar between both groups. Craniocaudal extent, inferior, and superior tonsillar herniations were greater in the shunted group than control (p<0.05). The frontal occipital horn ratio in both groups was within normal range. Discussion: Chiari I anatomy after a ventriculoperitoneal shunt could develop in children and we propose a "posterior cranial fossa disproportion" rather than a "cephalocranial disproportion." © Springer-Verlag 2006.	Acquired Chiari; Hydrocephalus; Intraventricular hemorrhage; Posterior cranial fossa reduction; V-Pshunt	adolescent; Arnold Chiari malformation; article; brain decompression; brain ventricle peritoneum shunt; child; clinical article; clivus; cohort analysis; computer assisted tomography; controlled study; female; human; hydrocephalus; male; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; posterior fossa; priority journal; statistical significance; volumetry; Arnold-Chiari Malformation; Child, Preschool; Cranial Fossa, Posterior; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-69949136596	Brain tissue oxygen tension monitoring in pediatric severe traumatic brain injury : PPPart 1: Relationship with outcome	Figaji A.A., Zwane E., Thompson C., Fieggen A.G., Argent A.C., Le Roux P.D., Peter J.C.	2009	Child's Nervous System	25	10	10.1007/s00381-009-0822-x	Divisions of Neurosurgery, University of Cape Town, Red Cross Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit (Biostatistics), School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Pediatric Critical Care, University of Cape Town, Red Cross Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States	Figaji, A.A., Divisions of Neurosurgery, University of Cape Town, Red Cross Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Zwane, E., Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit (Biostatistics), School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Thompson, C., Divisions of Neurosurgery, University of Cape Town, Red Cross Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Fieggen, A.G., Divisions of Neurosurgery, University of Cape Town, Red Cross Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Argent, A.C., Pediatric Critical Care, University of Cape Town, Red Cross Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Le Roux, P.D., Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States; Peter, J.C., Divisions of Neurosurgery, University of Cape Town, Red Cross Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa	Introduction: Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) management are the current standards to guide care of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, brain hypoxia and secondary brain injury can occur despite optimal ICP and CPP. In this study, we used brain tissue oxygen tension (PbtO2) monitoring to examine the association between multiple patient factors, including PbtO2, and outcome in pediatric severe TBI. Materials and methods: In this prospective observational study, 52 children (less than 15 years) with severe TBI were managed with continuous PbtO2 and ICP monitoring. The relationships between outcome [Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) and Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category Scale] and clinical, radiologic, treatment, and physiological variables, including PbtO2, were examined using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: Outcome was favorable in 40 patients (77%) and unfavorable (mortality, 9.6%; n∈=∈5) in 12 (23%). In univariate analysis, the following variables had a significant association with unfavorable outcome: initial GCS, computed tomography classification, ICPpeak, mICP24, mICP, CPPlow, CPP&lt;40, pupil reactivity, PbtO2low, PbtO2&lt;5 mmHg, PbtO2&lt; 10 mmHg, mPbtO224, and time-severity product. PbtO2 parameters had the strongest independent association with poor outcome in multiple regression analysis. In particular, when PbtO2 was &lt;5 mmHg for &gt;1 h, the adjusted OR for poor outcome was 27.4 (95% confidence interval, 1.9-391). No variables apart from PbtO2 were independently associated with mortality when controlled for PbtO2. Conclusion: Reduced PbtO2 is shown to be an independent factor associated with poor outcome in pediatric severe TBI in the largest study to date. It appears to have a stronger association with outcome than conventionally evaluated measures. © 2009 Springer-Verlag.	Brain injury; Brain tissue oxygen tension; Children; Hypoxia; Outcome; Traumatic	thiopental; adolescent; article; brain decompression; brain oxygen tension; brain perfusion; brain tissue; child; childhood mortality; computer assisted tomography; confidence interval; controlled study; craniectomy; female; hospital admission; hospital discharge; human; intensive care unit; intracranial pressure; major clinical study; male; multiple regression; multivariate logistic regression analysis; preschool child; priority journal; school child; scoring system; traumatic brain injury; univariate analysis; Adolescent; Analysis of Variance; Brain; Brain Injuries; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant; Logistic Models; Male; Monitoring, Physiologic; Oxygen; Prospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871926559	The impact of climate change on the Niger River Basin hydroclimatology, West Africa	Oguntunde P.G., Abiodun B.J.	2013	Climate Dynamics	40	42371	10.1007/s00382-012-1498-6	Institute of Landscape Hydrology, Leibniz Center for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374 Müncheberg, Germany; Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Soil, Water and Environment Section, Department of Agricultural Engineering, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Oguntunde, P.G., Institute of Landscape Hydrology, Leibniz Center for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374 Müncheberg, Germany, Soil, Water and Environment Section, Department of Agricultural Engineering, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Abiodun, B.J., Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Climate change has the potential to reduce water availability in West Africa. This study aims to quantify the expected impact of increased greenhouse gases (GHGs) on hydroclimatology of Niger River Basin (NRB). Boundary data from a general circulation model are used to force a regional climate model, to produce dynamically downscaled hydroclimatic variables of NRB under present-day (PRS) and future climate scenarios. The data were further analyzed to detect changes in atmospheric and surface water balance components and moisture recycling ratio (β). The results show that elevated GHGs (under A1B scenario) would produce a drier climate during the rainy season and a wetter climate during the dry season. A warmer climate over NRB in all months was projected. Highest temperature increase of 3 °C occurs about 14°N in May and June, and the smallest increase of 0. 5 °C occurs below 8°N in wet-dry transition period. Evaporation reduces during wet season and increases during the dry periods. Humidity increases by 2 % in the dry season, but decreases by 2-4 % in the wet season. Maximum change in moisture influx of 20. 7 % and outflux of 20. 6 % occur in June and July, respectively. β is projected to decrease in 75 % of the months with biggest relative change of -18. 4 % in June. The projected decrease in precipitation efficiency (ρ) during the wet season reaches -20. 3 % in June. For PRS run, about 66 % of the available atmospheric moisture in NRB precipitates between June and September, of which around 21 % originates from local evaporation. The result suggests that under enhanced GHGs, local evaporation will contribute less to atmospheric moisture and precipitation over the basin. Projected changes in rainfall and streamflow for Upper Niger and Benue sub-basin are significantly different during the wet season. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.	Climate change; Hydroclimatology; Moisture recycling ratios; Niger River Basin; Water balance	atmospheric moisture; climate change; climate effect; evaporation; general circulation model; greenhouse gas; high temperature; precipitation (climatology); rainfall; regional climate; relative humidity; river basin; streamflow; water availability; water budget; Benue; Niger Basin; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879555890	Potential impacts of afforestation on climate change and extreme events in Nigeria	Abiodun B.J., Salami A.T., Matthew O.J., Odedokun S.	2013	Climate Dynamics	41	2	10.1007/s00382-012-1523-9	Climate System Analysis Group, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Climate Change Unit, Institute Ecology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Abiodun, B.J., Climate System Analysis Group, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Salami, A.T., Climate Change Unit, Institute Ecology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Matthew, O.J., Climate Change Unit, Institute Ecology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Odedokun, S., Climate Change Unit, Institute Ecology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Afforestation is usually thought as a good approach to mitigate impacts of warming over a region. This study presents an argument that afforestation may have bigger impacts than originally thought by previous studies. The study investigates the impacts of afforestation on future climate and extreme events in Nigeria, using a regional climate model (RegCM3), forced with global climate model simulations. The impacts of seven afforestation options on the near future (2031-2050, under A1B scenario) climate and the extreme events are investigated. RegCM3 replicates essential features in the present-day (1981-2000) climate and the associated extreme events, and adequately simulates the seasonal variations over the ecological zones in the country. However, the model simulates the seasonal climate better over the northern ecological zones than over the southern ecological zones. The simulated spatial distribution of the extreme events agrees well with the observation, though the magnitude of the simulated events is smaller than the observed. The study shows that afforestation in Nigeria could have both positive and negative future impacts on the climate change and extreme events in the country. While afforestation reduces the projected global warming and enhances rainfall over the afforested area (and over coastal zones), it enhances the warming and reduces the rainfall over the north-eastern part of the country. In addition, the afforestation induces more frequent occurrence of extreme rainfall events (flooding) over the coastal region and more frequent occurrence of heat waves and droughts over the semi-arid region. The positive and negative impacts of the afforestation are not limited to Nigeria; they extend to the neighboring countries. While afforestation lowers the warming and enhances rainfall over Benin Republic, it increases the warming and lowers the rainfall over Niger, Chad and Cameroon. The result of the study has important implication for the ongoing climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts in Nigeria. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.	Afforestation; Climate change; Extreme events; Geo-engineering; Monsoon; Nigeria	afforestation; climate change; climate modeling; extreme event; global warming; monsoon; rainfall; regional climate; seasonal variation; spatial distribution; Nigeria	NRF, National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891627675	Impacts of convection schemes on simulating tropical-temperate troughs over southern Africa	Tozuka T., Abiodun B.J., Engelbrecht F.A.	2014	Climate Dynamics	42	42371	10.1007/s00382-013-1738-4	Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; Climate System Analysis Group, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, Climate Studies, Modelling and Environmental Health, Pretoria, South Africa	Tozuka, T., Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; Abiodun, B.J., Climate System Analysis Group, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Engelbrecht, F.A., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, Climate Studies, Modelling and Environmental Health, Pretoria, South Africa	This study examines southern African summer rainfall and tropical temperate troughs (TTTs) simulated with three versions of an atmospheric general circulation model differing only in the convection scheme. All three versions provide realistic simulations of key aspects of the summer (November-February) rainfall, such as the spatial distribution of total rainfall and the percentage of rainfall associated with TTTs. However, one version has a large bias in the onset of the rainy season. Results from self-organizing map (SOM) analysis on simulated daily precipitation data reveals that this is because the occurrence of TTTs is underestimated in November. This model bias is not related to westerly wind shear that provides favorable conditions for the development of TTTs. Rather, it is related to excessive upper level convergence and associated subsidence over southern Africa. Furthermore, the model versions are shown to be successful in capturing the observed drier (wetter) conditions over the southern African region during El Niño (La Niña) years. The SOM analysis reveals that nodes associated with TTTs in the southern (northern) part of the domain are observed less (more) often during El Niño years, while nodes associated with TTTs occur more frequently during La Niña years. Also, nodes associated with dry conditions over southern Africa are more (less) frequently observed during El Niño (La Niña) years. The models tend to perform better for La Niña events, because they are more successful in representing the observed frequency of different synoptic patterns. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Atmospheric general circulation model; Convection scheme; El Niño-Southern Oscillation; Southern Africa; Tropical-temperate trough	atmospheric convection; atmospheric general circulation model; precipitation (climatology); precipitation assessment; rainfall; westerly; wind shear; Southern Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84894359286	Evaluation of the CORDEX-Africa multi-RCM hindcast: Systematic model errors	Kim J., Waliser D.E., Mattmann C.A., Goodale C.E., Hart A.F., Zimdars P.A., Crichton D.J., Jones C., Nikulin G., Hewitson B., Jack C., Lennard C., Favre A.	2014	Climate Dynamics	42	42496	10.1007/s00382-013-1751-7	JIFRESSE, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Sveriges Meteorologiska och Hydrologiska Institut, Norrköping, Sweden; University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Centre de Recherches de Climatologie, UMR 6282, Biogéosciences CNRS, Universitée de Bourgogne, Dijon, France	Kim, J., JIFRESSE, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Waliser, D.E., JIFRESSE, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Mattmann, C.A., JIFRESSE, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Goodale, C.E., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Hart, A.F., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Zimdars, P.A., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Crichton, D.J., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Jones, C., Sveriges Meteorologiska och Hydrologiska Institut, Norrköping, Sweden; Nikulin, G., Sveriges Meteorologiska och Hydrologiska Institut, Norrköping, Sweden; Hewitson, B., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Jack, C., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Lennard, C., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Favre, A., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Centre de Recherches de Climatologie, UMR 6282, Biogéosciences CNRS, Universitée de Bourgogne, Dijon, France	Monthly-mean precipitation, mean (TAVG), maximum (TMAX) and minimum (TMIN) surface air temperatures, and cloudiness from the CORDEX-Africa regional climate model (RCM) hindcast experiment are evaluated for model skill and systematic biases. All RCMs simulate basic climatological features of these variables reasonably, but systematic biases also occur across these models. All RCMs show higher fidelity in simulating precipitation for the west part of Africa than for the east part, and for the tropics than for northern Sahara. Interannual variation in the wet season rainfall is better simulated for the western Sahel than for the Ethiopian Highlands. RCM skill is higher for TAVG and TMAX than for TMIN, and regionally, for the subtropics than for the tropics. RCM skill in simulating cloudiness is generally lower than for precipitation or temperatures. For all variables, multi-model ensemble (ENS) generally outperforms individual models included in ENS. An overarching conclusion in this study is that some model biases vary systematically for regions, variables, and metrics, posing difficulties in defining a single representative index to measure model fidelity, especially for constructing ENS. This is an important concern in climate change impact assessment studies because most assessment models are run for specific regions/sectors with forcing data derived from model outputs. Thus, model evaluation and ENS construction must be performed separately for regions, variables, and metrics as required by specific analysis and/or assessments. Evaluations using multiple reference datasets reveal that cross-examination, quality control, and uncertainty estimates of reference data are crucial in model evaluations. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Africa; CORDEX; Impact assessments; IPCC; RCM evaluation; Regional climate; Systematic model biases	None	NASA, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; 1125798, NSF, National Science Foundation; 2011-67004-30224, NSF, National Science Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84894311378	Impact of Mascarene High variability on the East African 'short rains'	Manatsa D., Morioka Y., Behera S.K., Matarira C.H., Yamagata T.	2014	Climate Dynamics	42	42496	10.1007/s00382-013-1848-z	Department of Geography, Bindura University of Science, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Department of Ocean Technology, Policy, and Environment, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan; International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), 34151 Trieste, Italy	Manatsa, D., Department of Geography, Bindura University of Science, Bindura, Zimbabwe, Department of Ocean Technology, Policy, and Environment, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan, International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), 34151 Trieste, Italy; Morioka, Y., Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan; Behera, S.K., Department of Ocean Technology, Policy, and Environment, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan; Matarira, C.H., Department of Geography, Bindura University of Science, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Yamagata, T., Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan	The interannual variability of East African 'short rains' (EASR) and its link with the Mascarene High (MH) variation are explored, using observations and reanalysis data. Correlation and composite analyses for flood and drought events reveal that the EASR variability is strongly linked to the MH zonal displacement, in particular, the zonal movement of the MH eastern ridge. When the MH eastern ridge is anomalously displaced to the west (east) of its normal position, the south east (SE) trade winds over the South Indian Ocean (SIO) anomalously strengthen (weaken). This enhances (reduces) the relatively cool and dry SE trade winds and induces cold (warm) sea surface temperature anomaly in the SIO. As a result, convection over the western equatorial SIO is suppressed (enhanced) and leads to rainfall deficits (excess) over East Africa. Droughts in East Africa are associated with a westward migration of the MH eastern ridge, while the relationship is less clear for flood events and their link to an eastward migration of the MH. Therefore, the zonal migration of the MH eastern ridge provides a novel indicator for the EASR extremes especially droughts. This revelation has immense social application for rainfall forecast over East Africa where rainfall deficits have become more prevalent against the background of deteriorating conventional forecasts for EASR droughts. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Droughts; East Africa 'short rains'; Mascarene High eastern ridge; South East trade winds; South Indian Ocean	None	JSPS, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901988360	Performance assessment of three convective parameterization schemes in WRF for downscaling summer rainfall over South Africa	Ratna S.B., Ratnam J.V., Behera S.K., Rautenbach C.J.W., Ndarana T., Takahashi K., Yamagata T.	2014	Climate Dynamics	42	42686	10.1007/s00382-013-1918-2	Application Laboratory, Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences, JAMSTEC, 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0001, Japan; Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan; University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; South African Weather Service, Pretoria, South Africa; Earth Simulator Center, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan	Ratna, S.B., Application Laboratory, Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences, JAMSTEC, 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0001, Japan; Ratnam, J.V., Application Laboratory, Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences, JAMSTEC, 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0001, Japan, Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan; Behera, S.K., Application Laboratory, Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences, JAMSTEC, 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0001, Japan, Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan; Rautenbach, C.J.W., University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Ndarana, T., South African Weather Service, Pretoria, South Africa; Takahashi, K., Application Laboratory, Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences, JAMSTEC, 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0001, Japan, Earth Simulator Center, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan; Yamagata, T., Application Laboratory, Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences, JAMSTEC, 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0001, Japan	Austral summer rainfall over the period 1991/1992 to 2010/2011 was dynamically downscaled by the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model at 9 km resolution for South Africa. Lateral boundary conditions for WRF were provided from the European Centre for medium-range weather (ECMWF) reanalysis (ERA) interim data. The model biases for the rainfall were evaluated over the South Africa as a whole and its nine provinces separately by employing three different convective parameterization schemes, namely the (1) Kain-Fritsch (KF), (2) Betts-Miller-Janjic (BMJ) and (3) Grell-Devenyi ensemble (GDE) schemes. All three schemes have generated positive rainfall biases over South Africa, with the KF scheme producing the largest biases and mean absolute errors. Only the BMJ scheme could reproduce the intensity of rainfall anomalies, and also exhibited the highest correlation with observed interannual summer rainfall variability. In the KF scheme, a significantly high amount of moisture was transported from the tropics into South Africa. The vertical thermodynamic profiles show that the KF scheme has caused low level moisture convergence, due to the highly unstable atmosphere, and hence contributed to the widespread positive biases of rainfall. The negative bias in moisture, along with a stable atmosphere and negative biases of vertical velocity simulated by the GDE scheme resulted in negative rainfall biases, especially over the Limpopo Province. In terms of rain rate, the KF scheme generated the lowest number of low rain rates and the maximum number of moderate to high rain rates associated with more convective unstable environment. KF and GDE schemes overestimated the convective rain and underestimated the stratiform rain. However, the simulated convective and stratiform rain with BMJ scheme is in more agreement with the observations. This study also documents the performance of regional model in downscaling the large scale climate mode such as El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and subtropical dipole modes. The correlations between the simulated area averaged rainfalls over South Africa and Nino3.4 index were -0.66, -0.69 and -0.49 with KF, BMJ and GDE scheme respectively as compared to the observed correlation of -0.57. The model could reproduce the observed ENSO-South Africa rainfall relationship and could successfully simulate three wet (dry) years that are associated with La Niña (El Niño) and the BMJ scheme is closest to the observed variability. Also, the model showed good skill in simulating the excess rainfall over South Africa that is associated with positive subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole for the DJF season 2005/2006. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Convective parameterization schemes; Downscaling; ENSO; Seasonal rainfall; South Africa; WRF regional model	boundary condition; convective system; downscaling; El Nino-Southern Oscillation; ensemble forecasting; La Nina; parameterization; performance assessment; rainfall; summer; thermodynamics; weather forecasting; South Africa	JST, Japan Science and Technology Agency
Scopus	2-s2.0-84946474311	The impact of ENSO on Southern African rainfall in CMIP5 ocean atmosphere coupled climate models	Dieppois B., Rouault M., New M.	2015	Climate Dynamics	45	42623	10.1007/s00382-015-2480-x	African Climate and Development Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Oceanography, MARE Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Nansen-Tutu Center for Marine Environmental Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Dieppois, B., African Climate and Development Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Oceanography, MARE Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Rouault, M., Department of Oceanography, MARE Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Nansen-Tutu Center for Marine Environmental Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; New, M., African Climate and Development Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	We study the ability of 24 ocean atmosphere global coupled models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) to reproduce the teleconnections between El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Southern African rainfall in austral summer using historical forced simulations, with a focus on the atmospheric dynamic associated with El Niño. Overestimations of summer rainfall occur over Southern Africa in all CMIP5 models. Abnormal westward extensions of ENSO patterns are a common feature of all CMIP5 models, while the warming of the Indian Ocean that happens during El Niño is not correctly reproduced. This could impact the teleconnection between ENSO and Southern African rainfall which is represented with mixed success in CMIP5 models. Large-scale anomalies of suppressed deep-convection over the tropical maritime continent and enhanced convection from the central to eastern Pacific are correctly simulated. However, regional biases occur above Africa and the Indian Ocean, particularly in the position of the deep convection anomalies associated with El Niño, which can lead to the wrong sign in rainfall anomalies in the northwest part of South Africa. From the near-surface to mid-troposphere, CMIP5 models underestimate the observed anomalous pattern of pressure occurring over Southern Africa that leads to dry conditions during El Niño years. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	CMIP5; Coupled model; El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO); Rainfall; Southern Africa; Teleconnection	atmosphere-ocean coupling; atmospheric convection; atmospheric dynamics; climate modeling; El Nino-Southern Oscillation; rainfall; teleconnection; Southern Africa	NRF, Water Research Commission; WRC, Water Research Commission
Scopus	2-s2.0-49649085836	Colostomy for high anorectal malformation: An evaluation of morbidity and mortality in a developing country	Chirdan L.B., Uba F.A., Ameh E.A., Mshelbwala P.M.	2008	Pediatric Surgery International	24	4	10.1007/s00383-008-2114-z	University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Murtala Mohammed Way, Jos, Nigeria; Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria	Chirdan, L.B., University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Murtala Mohammed Way, Jos, Nigeria; Uba, F.A., University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Murtala Mohammed Way, Jos, Nigeria; Ameh, E.A., Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria; Mshelbwala, P.M., Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria	Colostomy is a life-saving procedure in newborns with high anorectal malformations (ARM). However, the procedure may be attended by complications, particularly in resource limited settings. This is an evaluation of the morbidity and mortality following colostomy for ARM in newborns in two paediatric teaching centres in a developing country. A retrospective review of 61 neonates who had colostomy for high ARM in 4 years is conducted. The babies were categorised into Group A (weight at presentation < 2.5 kg) and Group B (weight at presentation > 2.5 kg). There were 47 boys and 14 girls aged 18 h to 28 days (median 6 days). There were 23 babies in Group A; 18 had colostomy under local anaesthetic (LA), 5 of whom died while 5 had the procedure done under general anaesthetic (GA), 3 of whom died (mortality 8/23, 34.78%). Group B consisted of 38 babies, 18 had colostomy under GA, 3 died, while in 20 the procedure was under LA, 1 of who died (mortality 4/38, 10.5%). The difference in mortality between groups A and B was statistically insignificant (p < 0.056). There were no significant differences in outcome between the two groups when the type of anaesthesia or types of colostomy were considered. Surgical site infection was the most common 12/61, 19.7%. Of the 12 babies that died, 7 were due to overwhelming infections, 4 respiratory insufficiencies and 1 cyanotic heart disease. The overall procedure related mortality was therefore 7 (11.5%). None of the centres had adequate neonatal intensive care services during the period of this report. Morbidity and mortality following colostomy for ARM in newborns is still high in this setting, due largely to infective complications, particularly in babies < 2.5 kg. © Springer-Verlag 2008.	Anorectal malformation; Colostomy; Morbidity	anal canal; article; body weight; clinical trial; colostomy; congenital malformation; developing country; evaluation; female; human; male; methodology; mortality; multicenter study; newborn; postoperative complication; prematurity; rectum; retrospective study; survival rate; treatment outcome; Anal Canal; Body Weight; Colostomy; Developing Countries; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Male; Postoperative Complications; Rectum; Retrospective Studies; Survival Rate; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857048528	Evaluation of smell and taste in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis	Fasunla J.A., Hundt W., Lutz J., Förger F., Thürmel K., Steinbach S.	2012	European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology	269	1	10.1007/s00405-011-1691-y	Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Philipps-University, Baldingerstrae, Marburg 35033, Germany; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Ibadan, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Radiology, Philipps-University, Marburg, G	Fasunla, J.A., Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Philipps-University, Baldingerstrae, Marburg 35033, Germany, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Ibadan, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; Hundt, W., Department of Radiology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany; Lutz, J., Department of Nephrology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany; Förger, F., Department of Rheumatology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Thürmel, K., Department of Nephrology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany; Steinbach, S., Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Philipps-University, Baldingerstrae, Marburg 35033, Germany	Although a reduced olfactory/gustatory function affects patients in all parts of life, this problem has not received much attention in Wegener's granulomatosis (WG). The aim of this study was to assess the smell/taste function of WG patients. Demographic data of 16 WG patients (9 males, 7 females) were obtained. They all subjectively assessed their taste/smell function on visual analogue scale. Olfactory/gustatory functions of the patients were tested with 'Sniffin' Sticks and 'Taste' strips, respectively. The results were then compared with those from sex and age-matched control group (n = 16) and normative data. WG patients subjectively assessed their olfactory (p = 0.03) and gustatory (p = 0.02) function to be lower than control group. All the olfactory scores (odour identification, odour discrimination and threshold) in both genders were significantly below the scores in the control group. WG patients were hyposmic. For taste (total taste score, as well as scores for the qualities sweet, sour, salty and bitter), WG patients did not significantly differ from controls and were normogeusic. However, the gustatory scores showed the tendency of reduction as compared to the control group. In conclusion, WG patients truly suffer from olfactory/taste dysfunction, but this is worse with olfaction. It is, therefore, imperative that physicians should make their patients to be aware of these sensory dysfunctions and educate them on methods to cope with it for better quality of life. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.	Smell; Taste; Wegener's granulomatosis	acetylsalicylic acid; azathioprine; cortisone; cotrimoxazole; cyclophosphamide; dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase inhibitor; methotrexate; mycophenolic acid; adult; aged; article; bitter taste; clinical article; controlled study; demography; female; human; human tissue; hyposmia; low drug dose; male; nose septum reconstruction; olfactory discrimination; priority journal; scoring system; sensory evaluation; smelling; sweetness; taste; visual analog scale; Wegener granulomatosis; Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Olfaction Disorders; Smell; Taste; Taste Disorders; Wegener Granulomatosis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938751855	A cross-sectional evaluation of the correlation between disease severity and quality of life in chronic rhinosinusitis patients in Nigeria	Olowosusi O.Z., Asoegwu C.N., Olagunju A.T., Nwawolo C.C.	2015	European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology	272	9	10.1007/s00405-014-3348-0	Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria	Olowosusi, O.Z., Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria; Asoegwu, C.N., Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria; Olagunju, A.T., Department of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria; Nwawolo, C.C., Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria	Quality of Life (QoL) studies are increasingly being used as the primary outcome measure in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) globally. However, little is known about QoL and the interplay of identifiable factors on QoL in CRS in sub-Saharan Africa. This study investigated the correlation between disease severity and QoL in chronic rhinosinusitis patients. A total of 147 adults with subjective severity rating of CRS were studied. Participants were assessed using designed questionnaire, Individual Rhinosinusitis Symptom Severity Score Assessment (IRSSSA) and Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (RSDI) questionnaires to elicit socio-demographic/clinical profile, CRS symptom severity and QoL, respectively. The mean age of the participants was 36.86 ± 11.91 years. The mean severity score of all 147 CRS cases was 3.8 ± 1.13. The majority of participants (N = 80; 54.4 %) had moderate disease. The RSDI mean scores for the participants for overall HRQoL were 40.6 ± 19.8. (Median = 40; Range = 77), for physical domain 15.2 ± 7.7, functional domain 12.1 ± 6.4 and emotional domain 13.2 ± 8.2. The trend of association between the disease severity scores and the overall HRQoL on Pearson linear correlation indicates a positive linear association of worsening overall HRQoL with increasing disease severity (R = 0.83; P < 0.0001). The severity of CRS impacted negatively on the HRQoL. All domains were significantly affected by the disease severity particularly the physical domain. Patients adjudged severity of their disease and its’ impact on their quality of life should be considered in the determination of the line of their management which could include psychosocial intervention. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Africans; Chronic rhinosinusitis; Quality of life; Rhinosinusitis disability index	adult; aged; Article; chronic rhinosinusitis; correlational study; cross-sectional study; disease severity; disease severity assessment; emotion; female; functional status; human; Individual Rhinosinusitis Symptom Severity Score Assessment; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; physical activity; priority journal; quality of life; quality of life assessment; Rhinosinusitis Disability Index; adolescent; chronic disease; middle aged; psychology; rhinitis; severity of illness index; sinusitis; young adult; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Chronic Disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Quality of Life; Rhinitis; Severity of Illness Index; Sinusitis; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36448937088	Stable isotope study of the Archaean rocks of the Vredefort impact structure, central Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa	Fagereng Å., Harris C., La Grange M., Stevens G.	2008	Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology	155	1	10.1007/s00410-007-0224-6	Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa; Department of Geology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Department of Geology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand	Fagereng, Å., Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa, Department of Geology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand; Harris, C., Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa; La Grange, M., Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa; Stevens, G., Department of Geology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	The Vredefort dome in the Kaapvaal Craton was formed as a result of the impact of a large meteorite at 2.02 Ga. The central core of Archaean granitic basement rocks is surrounded by a collar of uplifted and overturned strata of the Witwatersrand Supergroup, exposing a substantial depth section of the Archaean crust. Orthogneisses of the core show little variation in whole-rock δ18O value, with the majority being between 8 and 10‰, with a mean of 9.2% (n = 35). Quartz and feldspar have per mil differences that are consistent with O-isotope equilibrium at high temperatures, suggesting minimal interaction with fluids during subsequent cooling. These data refute previous suggestions that the Outer Granite Gneiss (OGG) and Inlandsee Leucogranofels (ILG) of the core represent middle and lower crust, respectively. Granulite-facies greenstone remnants from the ILG have δ18O values that are on average 1.5% higher than the ILG host rocks and are unlikely, therefore, to represent the residuum from the partial melting event that formed the host rock. Witwatersrand Supergroup sedimentary rocks of the collar, which were metamorphosed at greenschist-to amphibolite-facies conditions, generally have lower δ18O values than the core rocks with a mean value for metapelites of 7.7% (n = 45). Overall, through an 20 km thick section of crust, there is a general increase in whole-rock δ18O value with increasing depth. This is the reverse of what is normal in the crust, largely because the collar rocks have δ18O values that are unusually low in comparison with metamorphosed sedimentary rocks worldwide. The collar rocks have δD values ranging from -35 to -115‰ (average -62‰, n = 29), which are consistent with interaction with water of meteoric origin, having a δD of about -25 to -45‰. We suggest that fluid movement through the collar rocks was enhanced by impact-induced secondary permeability in the dome structure. © Springer-Verlag 2007.	Archaean basement; Fluid-rock interaction; Stable isotopes; Vredefort impact structure; Witwatersrand Supergroup	Archean; basement rock; granite; granulite facies; greenstone; host rock; impact structure; lower crust; meteorite; orthogneiss; partial melting; stable isotope; Africa; Free State; Kaapvaal Craton; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Vredefort Dome; Witwatersrand	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78651254199	Increasing the discrimination power of forensic STR testing by employing high-performance mass spectrometry, as illustrated in indigenous South African and Central Asian populations	Pitterl F., Schmidt K., Huber G., Zimmermann B., Delport R., Amory S., Ludes B., Oberacher H., Parson W.	2010	International Journal of Legal Medicine	124	6	10.1007/s00414-009-0408-x	Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Müllerstrasse 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Medical Genetics, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology, Institute of Legal Medicine, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France; International Commission on Missing Persons, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina	Pitterl, F., Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Müllerstrasse 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Schmidt, K., Department of Medical Genetics, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Huber, G., Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Müllerstrasse 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Zimmermann, B., Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Müllerstrasse 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Delport, R., Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Amory, S., Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Müllerstrasse 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria, Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology, Institute of Legal Medicine, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France, International Commission on Missing Persons, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Ludes, B., Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology, Institute of Legal Medicine, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Oberacher, H., Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Müllerstrasse 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Parson, W., Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Müllerstrasse 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria	Short tandem repeat (STR) typing has become the standard technique in forensic methodology for the identification of unknown samples. National DNA databases have been established that contain STR genotypes for intelligence purposes. Due to their success, national DNA databases have been growing so fast that the number of advantageous matches may become a logistic problem for the analysts. This is especially true for partial STR profiles as they display reduced discrimination power. To overcome this drawback, modified versions (so-called mini-STRs) of existing loci were introduced as well as new loci to improve the information content of (partial) STR profiles. We pursue an alternative approach that makes use of nucleotide variation within the amplified STR fragments, which can be discerned by mass spectrometry. We have developed an assay that determines molecular masses from crude STR amplicons which were purified and separated by a liquid chromatographic system directly hyphenated to an electrospray ionization mass spectrometer. We present here new population data of forensically relevant STRs in Khoisan and Yakut populations. These autochthonous groups were selected as they may harbor additional STR alleles that are rare or unobserved in modern humans from cosmopolitan areas, especially for the Khoisan, which are known to represent a very ancient human population. The analysis of the molecular mass of STRs offered a widened spectrum of allele variability escorted by enhanced forensic use. Thus, established STR data derived from fragment size analysis can still be used in casework or in the context of intelligence databasing. © Springer-Verlag 2010.	Forensic science; Khoisan; Liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Short tandem repeats; Yakut	microsatellite DNA; article; Asian; comparative study; forensic genetics; forensic medicine; genetic variability; genetics; genotype; human; mass spectrometry; methodology; Negro; population genetics; African Continental Ancestry Group; Asian Continental Ancestry Group; Forensic Genetics; Forensic Medicine; Genetic Variation; Genetics, Population; Genotype; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Microsatellite Repeats	None
None	None	Parkinsonism in a population of northern Tanzania: A community-based door-to-door study in combination with a prospective hospital-based evaluation	Winkler A.S., Tütüncü E., Trendafilova A., Meindl M., Kaaya J., Schmutzhard E., Kassubek J.	2010	Journal of Neurology	257	5	10.1007/s00415-009-5420-z	Palliative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; Haydom Lutheran Hospital, Mbulu, Manyara, Tanzania; Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; District General Hospital, Babati, Manyara, Tanzania	Winkler, A.S., Palliative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany, Haydom Lutheran Hospital, Mbulu, Manyara, Tanzania; Tütüncü, E., Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Trendafilova, A., Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Meindl, M., Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Kaaya, J., District General Hospital, Babati, Manyara, Tanzania; Schmutzhard, E., Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Kassubek, J., Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany	The prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) in sub-Saharan Africa is still a matter of debate. The few studies that have been conducted have shown prevalences lower than those in the western world. Whether this represents a genuine finding is unclear to date. In northern Tanzania, we have conducted a hospital-based evaluation and a community-based door-to-door study to assess the prevalence of Parkinsonism, including that of PD. Over a period of 8 months, all patients admitted to a mid-size rural hospital were screened for PD. In parallel, 1,569 people aged ≥50 years were recruited from the communities and assessed for PD with standard questions. Sampling was performed according to the method of "multistage cluster sampling." The questions had previously been tested in a pilot study prior to the survey. People who screened positive were examined by a specialist neurologist. In the hospital, eight of 740 people with neurological diagnoses had Parkinsonism, of whom three patients had a diagnosis of PD. In the community-based study, 18 people answered positively to least one of the 12 screening questions. However, the diagnosis of PD could not be confirmed by further examination in any of them. The prevalence of PD in northern Tanzania was found to be very low. This result would need confirmation in studies with larger populations, ideally of different African ethnicities. © 2009 Springer-Verlag.	Community-based study; Hospital-based study; Parkinson's disease; Prevalence; Tanzania	adult; Africa; aged; article; clinical article; community; ethnicity; evaluation; extrapyramidal syndrome; female; health survey; hospital; hospital admission; human; male; medical specialist; Parkinson disease; parkinsonism; physical examination; pilot study; population; prevalence; priority journal; screening; Tanzania; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Parkinson Disease; Parkinsonian Disorders; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Rural Population; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-20344392413	Cycling time trial performance during different phases of the menstrual cycle	Oosthuyse T., Bosch A.N., Jackson S.	2005	European Journal of Applied Physiology	94	3	10.1007/s00421-005-1324-5	School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa; UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Sport Science Institute of South Africa, Newlands 7725, South Africa; Department of Human and Animal Physiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Oosthuyse, T., School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa; Bosch, A.N., UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Sport Science Institute of South Africa, Newlands 7725, South Africa; Jackson, S., Department of Human and Animal Physiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Submaximal exercise performance has not previously been assessed in the late follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, which is associated with a pre-ovulatory surge in oestrogen. Therefore, we compared cycling time trial performance during the early follicular (EF), late follicular (LF) and mid-luteal (ML) phase of the menstrual cycle in trained and untrained eumenorrhoeic women who cycled 30 and 15 km, respectively, in a non-fasted state. The women completed the three cycling time trials on a conventional racing bicycle mounted on an air-braked ergometer. We required resting oestrogen to increase by at least twofold above EF phase values in both the LF and ML phases and this resulted in a number of exclusions reducing the sample size of each group. No significant difference was noted in the finishing time between the different menstrual phases in trained (n = 5) or untrained (n = 8) group, albeit limited by sample size. However, analysis of the combined trained and untrained group data (n = 13) revealed a trend for a faster finishing time (P=0.027) in the LF phase compared to the EF phase as 73% of the subjects showed improvements with an average of 5.2±2.9% (or 2.1±1.1 min) in the LF phase (for α=0.05 requires P < 0.017). Combined group analysis yielded no difference between performance in the EF and ML phase or between the LF and ML phase. Thus, further research is encouraged to confirm the tendency for a faster time trial in the LF phase, which coincides with the pre-ovulatory surge in oestrogen. © Springer-Verlag 2005.	Endurance performance; Eumenorrhoeic women; Ovarian hormones	estrogen; luteinizing hormone; adult; article; bicycle ergometry; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; estrogen blood level; exercise; female; follicular phase; heart rate; human; human experiment; luteal phase; luteinizing hormone blood level; menstrual cycle; normal human; oxygen consumption; physical capacity; priority journal; progesterone blood level; statistical analysis; statistical significance; Adult; Bicycling; Estrogens; Exercise Test; Female; Follicular Phase; Humans; Luteal Phase; Menstrual Cycle; Physical Education and Training; Task Performance and Analysis; Time Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745470983	Neuromuscular factors determining 5 km running performance and running economy in well-trained athletes	Nummela A.T., Paavolainen L.M., Sharwood K.A., Lambert M.I., Noakes T.D., Rusko H.K.	2006	European Journal of Applied Physiology	97	1	10.1007/s00421-006-0147-3	KIHU - Research Institute for Olympic Sports, Rautpohjankatu 6, 40700 Jyväskylä, Finland; Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland	Nummela, A.T., KIHU - Research Institute for Olympic Sports, Rautpohjankatu 6, 40700 Jyväskylä, Finland; Paavolainen, L.M., KIHU - Research Institute for Olympic Sports, Rautpohjankatu 6, 40700 Jyväskylä, Finland; Sharwood, K.A., Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Lambert, M.I., Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Noakes, T.D., Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Rusko, H.K., KIHU - Research Institute for Olympic Sports, Rautpohjankatu 6, 40700 Jyväskylä, Finland, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland	This study investigated the effects of the neuromuscular and force-velocity characteristics in distance running performance and running economy. Eighteen well-trained male distance runners performed five different tests: 20 m maximal sprint, running economy at the velocity of 4.28 m s-1, 5 km time trial, maximal anaerobic running test (MART), and a treadmill test to determine VO2max. The AEMG ratio was calculated by the sum average EMG (AEMG) of the five lower extremity muscles during the 5 km divided by the sum AEMG of the same muscles during the maximal 20 m sprinting. The runners' capacity to produce power above VO2max (MART VO2gain) was calculated by subtracting VO2max from the oxygen demand of the maximal velocity in the MART (VMART). Velocity of 5 km (V5K) correlated with VMART (r=0.77, p&lt;0.001) and VO2max (r=0.49, p&lt;0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that MART VO2gain and VO2max explained 73% of the variation in V5K. A significant relationship also existed between running economy and MART VO2gain (r=0.73, p&lt;0.01). A significant correlation existed between V5K and AEMG ratio during the ground contact phase at the 3 km (r=0.60, p&lt;0.05) suggesting that neural input may affect distance running performance. The results of the present study support the idea that distance running performance and running economy are related to neuromuscular capacity to produce force and that the VMART can be used as a determinant of distance-running performance. © Springer-Verlag 2006.	Distance running performance; EMG; Ground contact time; Running economy; Stride length	adolescent; adult; anaerobic exercise; analysis of variance; article; athlete; correlation analysis; electromyogram; exercise physiology; exercise test; human; human experiment; leg muscle; male; multiple linear regression analysis; muscle force; muscle function; muscle strength; neuromuscular function; normal human; oxygen consumption; physical capacity; priority journal; running; task performance; Adult; Electromyography; Exertion; Humans; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Physical Endurance; Psychomotor Performance; Running	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-35348933379	Hyperoxia improves 20 km cycling time trial performance by increasing muscle activation levels while perceived exertion stays the same	Tucker R., Kayser B., Rae E., Rauch L., Bosch A., Noakes T.	2007	European Journal of Applied Physiology	101	6	10.1007/s00421-007-0458-z	Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, P.O. Box 115, Newlands 7725, South Africa; Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland	Tucker, R., Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, P.O. Box 115, Newlands 7725, South Africa; Kayser, B., Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Rae, E., Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, P.O. Box 115, Newlands 7725, South Africa; Rauch, L., Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, P.O. Box 115, Newlands 7725, South Africa; Bosch, A., Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, P.O. Box 115, Newlands 7725, South Africa; Noakes, T., Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, P.O. Box 115, Newlands 7725, South Africa	Increasing inspiratory oxygen tension improves exercise performance. We tested the hypothesis that this is partly due to changes in muscle activation levels while perception of exertion remains unaltered. Eleven male subjects performed two 20-km cycling time-trials, one in hyperoxia (HI, FiO2 40%) and one in normoxia (NORM, FiO2 21%). Every 2 km we measured power output, heart rate, blood lactate, integrated vastus lateralis EMG activity (iEMG) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). Performance was improved on average by 5% in HI compared to NORM (P &lt; 0.01). Changes in heart rate, plasma lactate concentration and RPE during the trials were similar. For the majority of the time-trials, power output was maintained in HI, but decreased progressively in NORM (P &lt; 0.01) while it increased in both trials for the last kilometre (P &lt; 0.0001). iEMG was proportional to power output and was significantly greater in HI than in NORM. iEMG activity increased significantly in the final kilometer of both trials (P &lt; 0.001). This suggests that improved exercise performance in hyperoxia may be the result of increased muscle activation leading to greater power outputs. The finding of identical RPE, lactate and heart rate in both trials suggests that pacing strategies are altered to keep the actual and perceived exercise stress at a similar level between conditions. We suggest that a complex, intelligent system regulates exercise performance through the control of muscle activation levels in an integrative manner under conditions of normoxia and hyperoxia. © Springer-Verlag 2007.	Exercise; Fatigue; Hyperoxia; Pacing strategy	lactic acid; adult; article; athlete; controlled study; cycling; electromyogram; heart rate; human; human experiment; hyperoxia; hypothesis; lactate blood level; male; muscle contraction; muscle strength; normal human; physical performance; priority journal; statistical significance; vastus lateralis muscle; Adult; Athletic Performance; Bicycling; Biomechanics; Electromyography; Exertion; Heart Rate; Humans; Hyperoxia; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Fatigue; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen; Perception	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76449120950	Measuring submaximal performance parameters to monitor fatigue and predict cycling performance: A case study of a world-class cyclo-cross cyclist	Lamberts R.P., Rietjens G.J., Tijdink H.H., Noakes T.D., Lambert M.I.	2010	European Journal of Applied Physiology	108	1	10.1007/s00421-009-1291-3	Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, P.O. Box 115, Newlands 7725, South Africa; Netherlands Olympic Committee, Netherlands Sports Confederation (NOC NSF), Arnhem, Netherlands; Department of Training Medicine and Training Physiology, Royal Dutch Army, Ministry of Defence, Utrecht, Netherlands; Institute for Physical Therapy de Boombosch, Twello, Netherlands	Lamberts, R.P., Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, P.O. Box 115, Newlands 7725, South Africa; Rietjens, G.J., Netherlands Olympic Committee, Netherlands Sports Confederation (NOC NSF), Arnhem, Netherlands, Department of Training Medicine and Training Physiology, Royal Dutch Army, Ministry of Defence, Utrecht, Netherlands; Tijdink, H.H., Institute for Physical Therapy de Boombosch, Twello, Netherlands; Noakes, T.D., Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, P.O. Box 115, Newlands 7725, South Africa; Lambert, M.I., Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, P.O. Box 115, Newlands 7725, South Africa	Recently a novel submaximal test, known as the Lamberts and Lambert submaximal cycle test (LSCT), has been developed with the purpose of monitoring and predicting changes in cycling performance. Although this test has been shown to be reliable and able to predict cycling performance, it is not known whether it can measure changes in training status. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether the LSCT is able to track changes in performance parameters, and objective and subjective markers of well-being. A world class cyclo-cross athlete (31 years) volunteered to participate in a 10-week observational study. Before and after the study, a peak power output (PPO) test with respiratory gas analysis (VO2max) and a 40-km time trial (40-km TT) test were performed. Training data were recorded in a training logbook with a daily assessment of well-being, while a weekly LSCT was performed. After the training period all performance parameters had improved by a meaningful amount (PPO +5.2%; 40-km TT time -2.5%; VO2max +1.4%). Increased training loads during weeks 2 and 6 and the subsequent training-induced fatigue was reflected in the increased well-being scores. Changes during the LSCT were most clearly notable in (1) increased power during the first minute of third stage, (2) increased rating of perceived exertion during second and third stages, and (3) a faster heart rate recovery after the third stage. In conclusion, these data suggest that the LSCT is able to track changes in training status and detect the consequences of sharp increases in training loads which seem to be associated with accumulating fatigue. © 2009 Springer-Verlag.	Cycling; Fatigue; Heart rate recovery; LSCT; Monitoring; Performance	adaptation; adult; article; athlete; athletic performance; bicycle; case report; endurance; exercise; exercise test; exercise tolerance; fatigue; fitness; human; leg; male; methodology; muscle fatigue; muscle strength; oxygen consumption; pathophysiology; physiology; psychological aspect; task performance; Adaptation, Physiological; Adult; Athletes; Athletic Performance; Bicycling; Exercise Test; Exercise Tolerance; Fatigue; Humans; Leg; Male; Muscle Fatigue; Muscle Strength; Oxygen Consumption; Physical Endurance; Physical Exertion; Physical Fitness; Task Performance and Analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899644624	The validity of the Moxus Modular metabolic system during incremental exercise tests: Impacts on detection of small changes in oxygen consumption	Beltrami F.G., Froyd C., Mamen A., Noakes T.D.	2014	European Journal of Applied Physiology	114	5	10.1007/s00421-014-2825-x	Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Boundary Road, Newlands 7700, South Africa; Faculty of Teacher Education and Sport, Sogn Og Fjordane University College, Sogndal, Norway; University College of Health Sciences, Campus Kristiania, Oslo, Norway	Beltrami, F.G., Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Boundary Road, Newlands 7700, South Africa; Froyd, C., Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Boundary Road, Newlands 7700, South Africa, Faculty of Teacher Education and Sport, Sogn Og Fjordane University College, Sogndal, Norway; Mamen, A., University College of Health Sciences, Campus Kristiania, Oslo, Norway; Noakes, T.D., Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Boundary Road, Newlands 7700, South Africa	Purpose: We investigated the accuracy of the Moxus Modular Metabolic System (MOXUS) against the Douglas Bag Method (DBM) during high-intensity exercise, and whether the two methods agreed when detecting small changes in V̇ O 2 between two consecutive workloads (ΔV̇O2). Methods: Twelve trained male runners performed two maximal incremental running tests while gas exchange was analyzed simultaneously by the two systems using a serial setup for four consecutive intervals of 30 s on each test. Comparisons between methods were performed for V ̇O2, V ̇E, fractions of expired O2 (FeO2) and CO2 (FeCO2) and ΔV̇O2. Results: The MOXUS produced significant higher (mean ± SD, n = 54) readings for V̇O2 (80 ± 200 mL min-1, p = 0.005) and V̇E (2.9 ± 4.2 L min-1, p &lt; 0.0001), but not FeO2 (-0.01 ± 0.09). Log-transformed 95 % limits of agreement for readings between methods were 94-110 % for V ̇O2, 97-108 % for V ̇E and 99-101 % for FeO2. Δ V ̇O2 for two consecutive measurements was not different between systems (120 ± 110 vs. 90 ± 190 mL min-1 for MOXUS and DBM, respectively, p = 0.26), but agreement between methods was very low (r = 0.25, p = 0.12). Discussion: Although it was tested during high-intensity exercise and short sampling intervals, the MOXUS performed within the acceptable range of accuracy reported for automated analyzers. Most of the differences between equipments were due to differences in V ̇E. Detecting small changes in V ̇O 2 during an incremental test with small changes in workload, however, might be beyond the equipment's accuracy. © 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Criterion validity; Douglas Bag method; Gas exchange; Moxus Modular metabolic system; Oxygen uptake	adolescent; adult; comparative study; exercise; exercise test; human; lung gas exchange; male; oxygen consumption; physiology; procedures; Adolescent; Adult; Exercise; Exercise Test; Humans; Male; Oxygen Consumption; Pulmonary Gas Exchange	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939950343	Factors to consider when assessing diurnal variation in sports performance: the influence of chronotype and habitual training time-of-day	Rae D.E., Stephenson K.J., Roden L.C.	2015	European Journal of Applied Physiology	115	6	10.1007/s00421-015-3109-9	MRC/UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Rae, D.E., MRC/UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Stephenson, K.J., MRC/UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Roden, L.C., Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare morning and evening time-trial performance, RPE and mood state of trained swimmers, taking into account chronotype, habitual training time-of-day and PERIOD3 (PER3) variable number tandem repeat genotype.Methods: Twenty-six swimmers (18 males, age: 32.6 ± 5.7 years) swam 200 m time trials (TT) at 06h30 and 18h30 in a randomised order.Results: There was no difference between morning and evening performance when the swimmers were considered as a single group (06h30: 158.8 ± 22.7 s, 18h30: 158.5 ± 22.0 s, p = 0.611). However, grouping swimmers by chronotype and habitual training time-of-day allowed us to detect significant diurnal variation in performance, such that morning-type swimmers and those who habitually train in the morning were faster in the 06h30 TT (p = 0.036 and p = 0.011, respectively). This was accompanied by lower ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) scores post-warm-up, higher vigour and lower fatigues scores prior to the 06h30 TT in morning-type swimmers or those who trained in the morning. Similarly, neither types and those who trained in the evenings had lower fatigue and higher vigour prior to the 18h30 TT.Conclusions: It appears that both chronotype and habitual training time-of-day need to be considered when assessing diurnal variation in performance. From a practical point of view, athletes and coaches should be aware of the potentially powerful effect of training time on shifting time-of-day variation in performance. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Chronobiology; Habitual training; Morning types; Neither types; PER3 VNTR	None	National Research Foundation; MRC, National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84869504734	Impact of disease frequency and host density on pollination and transmission of an African anther-smut fungus	Curran H.R., Dreyer L.L., Roets F.	2012	Planta	236	6	10.1007/s00425-012-1727-6	Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Curran, H.R., Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Dreyer, L.L., Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Roets, F., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa	The vast majority of flowering plants rely solely on insects for pollination. A number of pathogens have evolved mechanisms to exploit these close associations and use pollinators as vectors of infective propagules. Factors that affect pollinator movements and successful pollination may in turn also influence successful transmission of fungal spores. Here we investigate the effect of host density and the frequency of diseased Oxalis lanata individuals infected by the anther-smut fungus, Thecaphoracapensis, on the likelihood of receiving pollen and fungal spores. Specifically, we determined the numbers of spores and pollen grains deposited on stigmatic surfaces of selected flowers under natural and standardized conditions where host density and disease frequency varied. The effect of host flower density and diseased flower frequency on pollen and spore transfer was variable under natural conditions and these factors interacted significantly. However, an increase in host density and disease frequency significantly influenced pollen and spore deposits under standardized conditions. The effect of host density was, however, not linear and an optimal flower density for pollen and fungal spore transmission was found. Similar to other systems of vector-borne disease, the transmission of anther-smut of Oxalislanata is more frequency-dependent than density-dependent. This study represents a first step towards understanding the disease transmission process of T. capensis on Oxalis and lays the foundation for future comparative studies between this and other systems to develop and test general hypotheses of disease dynamics in vector-borne disease transmission systems. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.	Anther-smut; Microbotryum violaceum; Oxalis lanata; Spore transmission; Thecaphora capensis	animal; article; Basidiomycetes; fern; flower; fungus spore; growth, development and aging; insect; microbiology; physiology; plant disease; pollen; pollination; reproduction; South Africa; statistical model; statistics; Animals; Basidiomycota; Ferns; Flowers; Insects; Linear Models; Plant Diseases; Pollen; Pollination; Reproduction; South Africa; Spores, Fungal; Bacteria (microorganisms); Fungi; Hexapoda; Magnoliophyta; Microbotryum violaceum; Oxalis; Thecaphora	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36148949714	Hepatitis B virus genotype E surface antigen detection with different immunoassays and diagnostic impact of mutations in the preS/S gene	Olinger C.M., Weber B., Otegbayo J.A., Ammerlaan W., Van Der Taelem-Brulé N., Muller C.P.	2007	Medical Microbiology and Immunology	196	4	10.1007/s00430-007-0050-5	Institute of Immunology, National Public Health Laboratory, 20a, rue Auguste Lumière, Luxembourg 1950, Luxembourg; Laboratoires Réunis Junglinster, Z.A.C. Langwies, Junglinster 6131, Luxembourg; Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Universitätskliniken Fr	Olinger, C.M., Institute of Immunology, National Public Health Laboratory, 20a, rue Auguste Lumière, Luxembourg 1950, Luxembourg; Weber, B., Laboratoires Réunis Junglinster, Z.A.C. Langwies, Junglinster 6131, Luxembourg, Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Universitätskliniken Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Otegbayo, J.A., Gastrointestinal/Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan/University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ammerlaan, W., Institute of Immunology, National Public Health Laboratory, 20a, rue Auguste Lumière, Luxembourg 1950, Luxembourg; Van Der Taelem-Brulé, N., Laboratoires Réunis Junglinster, Z.A.C. Langwies, Junglinster 6131, Luxembourg; Muller, C.P., Institute of Immunology, National Public Health Laboratory, 20a, rue Auguste Lumière, Luxembourg 1950, Luxembourg	The major neutralizing epitope, the "a" determinant of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype E surface antigen (HBsAg) is most divergent from that of genotype A, which is used for preparing monoclonal antibodies used in commercially available HBV reagents. To evaluate the performance of the latest generation of HBsAg detection assays with respect to genotype E HBsAg. Three commercial assays were evaluated using sera from 200 Nigerian patients compared to the preS/S sequence of DNA positive samples. Out of 200 samples, 61 and 103 gave concordant positive and negative results between the three HBsAg assays. Of 36 samples with discordant results, 35 were confirmed negative by neutralisation. One of the three assays showed significantly high rate of false positives (29 of 35). DNA positive samples with no detectable HBsAg or reduced HBsAg detection signals (<75% of mean signal obtained with HBsAg positive samples) revealed several mutations (V14A, F46S, N48T, L49R, I49T, D51G, A53V, P54L, Q82P, F83C, L127P, A184V, T189I, S204N, V224A), mostly outside the a-determinant. Several of these mutations are found as wild type nucleotides normally in genotype A and only exceptionally in genotype E. All three assays showed comparable sensitivities for genotype E HBsAg detection (98.4-100%) but differed considerably in specificity (84-99%). Failure to detect HBsAg antigen and differences in signal intensity were mainly associated with mutations in the preS/S gene outside the "a" determinant. © 2007 Springer-Verlag.	Genotype E; HBsAg; Nucleic acid amplification test; PreS/S gene	hepatitis B(e) antigen; nucleotide; antigen detection; article; diagnostic test; DNA sequence; gene mutation; genotype; Hepatitis B virus; human; immunoassay; major clinical study; Nigeria; priority journal; serum; signal transduction; virus gene; wild type; DNA, Viral; Genotype; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; Hepatitis B virus; Humans; Mutation; Protein Precursors; Sensitivity and Specificity; Variation (Genetics)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924777770	Further evaluation of uPA and PAI-1 as biomarkers for prostatic diseases	Akudugu J., Serafin A., Böhm L.	2015	Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology	141	4	10.1007/s00432-014-1848-3	Division of Radiobiology, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa	Akudugu, J., Division of Radiobiology, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Serafin, A., Division of Radiobiology, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Böhm, L., Division of Radiobiology, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa	Purpose: To assay for uPA and PAI-1 in prostate tissue from 40 patients with prostatic disease and to examine the robustness of the correlation of the uPA/PAI-1 ratio with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa), previously identified in a different cohort of 62 patients.Methods: uPA and PAI-1 were extracted from liquid N<inf>2</inf> frozen homogenised prostate tissue with TRIS/Triton pH 8.5 buffer and measured by ELISA (FEMTELLE).Results: The concentration of uPA (mean ± SD) was found to be 0.1177 ± 0.0266 (range 0.0070–0.7200; n = 30) and 0.1092 ± 0.0130 (range 0.0040–0.7800; n = 70) for PCa and BPH patients, respectively. The concentration of PAI-1 was found to be 5.236 ± 0.688 ng/mg protein (range 1.10–15.19; n = 30) and 4.975 ± 0.501 ng/mg protein (range 0.20–25.00; n = 70) for PCa and BPH patients, respectively. The mean uPA/PAI-1 ratio was found to be 0.0479 ± 0.0060 (range 0.0043–0.1200; n = 30) in PCa samples and was significantly higher than BPH samples where the ratio was 0.0332 ± 0.0023 (range 0.0040–0.0860; n = 70) (P = 0.0064). In PCa patients older than 68 years, the uPA/PAI-1 ratio was above 0.050 reaching 0.100 in 73-year-old patients.Conclusions: Evaluation of 100 patients with prostatic pathologies (70 PCa; 30 BPH) shows the uPA/PAI-1 ratios in PCa patients to be significantly higher than in BPH patients. This is fully consistent with a previous study on 62 patients (16 were PCa; 46 BPH) where the ratios were 0.055 and 0.031 for PCa and BPH patients, respectively (P = 0.0028). In older PCa patients, uPA/PAI-1 ratios tend to be higher. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Correlation with prostatic disease; Prostate tissue resections; uPA/PAI-1 markers	plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; urokinase; biological marker; plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; urokinase; adult; aged; Article; cancer patient; clinical evaluation; cohort analysis; correlational study; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; human; human tissue; major clinical study; male; middle aged; pH; priority journal; prostate cancer; prostate hypertrophy; very elderly; age; differential diagnosis; metabolism; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; sensitivity and specificity; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biological Markers; Diagnosis, Differential; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Sensitivity and Specificity; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator	CANSA, National Research Foundation; 85703, National Research Foundation; 92741, National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-26844564684	Evaluation of the efficacy of emodepside+praziquantel topical solution against cestone (Dipylidium caninum, Taenia taeniaeformis, and Echinicoccus multilocularis) infections in cats	Charles S.D., Altreuther G., Reinemeyer C.R., Buch J., Settje T., Cruthers L., Kok D.J., Bowman D.D., Kazacos K.R., Jenkins D.J., Schein E.	2005	Parasitology Research	97	SUPPL. 1	10.1007/s00436-005-1442-3	Bayer HealthCare LLC, Animal Health Division, KS, United States; Bayer HealthCare AG, Animal Health Division, R and D Parasiticides, 51368 Leverkusen, Germany; East Tennessee Clinical Research, Knoxville, TN, United States; Professional Laboratory Research Services, NC, United States; ClinVet International, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Cheri Hill Kennel R and D, MI, United States; School of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Medicine, Australian National University, ACT, Australia; Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Parasitology and International Animal Health, Berlin, Germany	Charles, S.D., Bayer HealthCare LLC, Animal Health Division, KS, United States; Altreuther, G., Bayer HealthCare AG, Animal Health Division, R and D Parasiticides, 51368 Leverkusen, Germany; Reinemeyer, C.R., East Tennessee Clinical Research, Knoxville, TN, United States; Buch, J., Bayer HealthCare LLC, Animal Health Division, KS, United States; Settje, T., Bayer HealthCare LLC, Animal Health Division, KS, United States; Cruthers, L., Professional Laboratory Research Services, NC, United States; Kok, D.J., ClinVet International, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Bowman, D.D., Cheri Hill Kennel R and D, MI, United States; Kazacos, K.R., Cheri Hill Kennel R and D, MI, United States; Jenkins, D.J., School of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Medicine, Australian National University, ACT, Australia; Schein, E., Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Parasitology and International Animal Health, Berlin, Germany	Emodepside+praziquantel topical solution was developed to provide broad-spectrum anthelmintic activity against gastrointestinal parasites in cats. Eight controlled studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a topical solution of emodepside (3 mg/kg) and praziquantel (12 mg/kg) (Profender®, Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Germany) against feline infections with three species of cestodes. Studies featured naturally acquired infections of Dipylidium caninum or Taenia taeniaeformis, or experimental infections with Echinococcus multilocularis that were placebo-controlled, randomized and blinded. Cats were euthanatized and necropsied between 2 and 11 days after treatment, depending on the target parasite. The efficacy of emodepside+praziquantel topical solution was 100% against D. caninum and T. taeniaeformis, and 98.5- 100% against E. multilocularis. No significant systemic or local adverse reactions to treatment were noted in cats that received the combination. Topical treatment of cats with emodepside+praziquantel topical solution was safe and highly effective against cestode infections.	None	anthelmintic agent; emodepside; placebo; praziquantel; profender; unclassified drug; anthelmintic activity; article; autopsy; cat; cestodiasis; controlled study; drug efficacy; Echinococcus multilocularis; euthanasia; intestine parasite; nonhuman; priority journal; safety; Taenia taeniaeformis; Administration, Topical; Animals; Anthelmintics; Cat Diseases; Cats; Cestoda; Cestode Infections; Depsipeptides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Praziquantel; Cestoda; Dipylidium caninum; Echinococcus multilocularis; Felidae; Taenia taeniaeformis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-46749150922	Laboratory evaluation of traditional insect/mosquito repellent plants against Anopheles arabiensis, the predominant malaria vector in Ethiopia	Karunamoorthi K., Mulelam A., Wassie F.	2008	Parasitology Research	103	3	10.1007/s00436-008-1001-9	School of Environmental Health Science, Public Health Faculty, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia	Karunamoorthi, K., School of Environmental Health Science, Public Health Faculty, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Mulelam, A., School of Environmental Health Science, Public Health Faculty, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Wassie, F., School of Environmental Health Science, Public Health Faculty, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia	Laboratory study was carried out to evaluate the repellent efficiency of most commonly known four traditional insect/mosquito repellent plants Wogert [vernacular name (local native language, Amharic); Silene macroserene], Kebercho [vernacular name (local native language, Amharic); Echinops sp.], Tinjut [vernacular name (local native language, Amharic); Ostostegia integrifolia], and Woira[vernacular name (local native language, Amharic); Olea europaea] against Anopheles arabiensis under the laboratory conditions. One hundred (4-5 days old) female A. arabiensis were introduced into the both 'control' and 'test' repellent chamber through the hole on top. Traditional charcoal stoves were used for direct burning. The experiment was conducted by applying the smoke into the repellent "test" mosquito cage by direct burning of 25 gm of dried plant materials (leaves and roots) until plant materials completely burned. The number of mosquitoes driving away from the "test" and "control" cage was recorded for every 5 min. In the present investigation, the results clearly revealed that the roots of S. macroserene has potent repellent efficiency (93.61%) and was the most effective. The leaves of Echinops sp. (92.47%), leaves of O. integrifolia (90.10%) and O. europaea (79.78%) were also effective. Roots of S. macroserene exhibited the highest repellent efficiency by direct burning. The present study identified these four traditional indigenous insect/mosquito repellent plant materials are very promising and can be used as safer alternative to modern synthetic chemical repellents against mosquito vectors of disease. Since people have been using these plants for some medicinal purposes, no side effects have been found. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.	None	charcoal; insect repellent; Anopheles; anopheles arabiensis; article; Asteraceae; burn; disease carrier; Ethiopia; higher plant; laboratory test; malaria; ostostegia europaea; ostostegia integrifolia; plant leaf; plant root; priority journal; silene macroserene; smoke; Animals; Anopheles; Disease Vectors; Ethiopia; Female; Insect Repellents; Olea; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots; Silene; Smoke; Anopheles arabiensis; Echinops (plant); Olea europaea; Silene	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-46749158635	Evaluation of leaf extracts of Vitex negundo L. (Family: Verbenaceae) against larvae of Culex tritaeniorhynchus and repellent activity on adult vector mosquitoes	Karunamoorthi K., Ramanujam S., Rathinasamy R.	2008	Parasitology Research	103	3	10.1007/s00436-008-1005-5	School of Environmental Health Science, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, P.O. Box No. 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India; Center for Research in Medical Entomology (ICMR), Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India	Karunamoorthi, K., School of Environmental Health Science, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, P.O. Box No. 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Ramanujam, S., Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India; Rathinasamy, R., Center for Research in Medical Entomology (ICMR), Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India	Petroleum ether (60-80°C) extracts of the leaves of Vitex negundo (Verbenaceae) were evaluated for larvicidal activity against larval stages of Culex tritaeniorhynchus in the laboratory. Larvae of C. tritaeniorhynchus were found more susceptible, with LC50 and LC90 values of 2.4883 and 5.1883 mg/l, respectively. Human volunteers wearing special terricot (68:32) fabrics, in the form of armbands, anklets, headbands, collar, and shoulder and pocket strips impregnated with V. negundo leaf extract were used, to test their repellent efficacy at two concentrations viz., 1.5 and 2.0 mg/cm2 under the field conditions. At 1.5-mg/cm2 concentration, more efficacies were found and 6-h complete protection against mosquito bites was provided. Complete protections for 8 h were found at 2.0 mg/cm2 against mosquitoes bites. These results clearly reveal that the V. negundo leaf extract served as a potential larvicidal agent against Japanese encephalitis vector C. tritaeniorhynchus and additionally acted as a promising repellent against various adult vector mosquitoes. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.	None	biomaterial; insecticide; larvicidal agent; Vitex negundo extract; article; concentration response; controlled study; Culex; culex tritaeniorhyncus; disease carrier; drug efficacy; epidemic encephalitis; insecticidal activity; larval stage; LC 50; mosquito; nonhuman; parasite vector; plant leaf; priority journal; Verbenaceae; Vitex; Animals; Culex; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Insect Repellents; Insecticides; Larva; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Survival Analysis; Vitex; Culex tritaeniorhynchus; Japanese encephalitis virus; Verbenaceae; Vitex negundo	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953285960	Laboratory evaluation of traditionally used plant-based insect repellent against the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis patton (Diptera: Culicidae)	Karunamoorthi K., Ilango K., Murugan K.	2010	Parasitology Research	106	5	10.1007/s00436-010-1797-y	Department of Environmental Health Science, Unit of Vector Biology and Control, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma, Ethiopia; Research and Development Center, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India; Zoological Survey of India, 130, Santhome High Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India	Karunamoorthi, K., Department of Environmental Health Science, Unit of Vector Biology and Control, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma, Ethiopia, Research and Development Center, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India; Ilango, K., Zoological Survey of India, 130, Santhome High Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Murugan, K., Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India	A laboratory study was carried out to evaluate the repellent efficacy of a methanol-leaf extract of Ethiopian traditionally used insect repellent plant viz., Lomi sar [vernacular name (local native language, Amharic); Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf. (Poaceae)] against Anopheles arabiensis at four different concentrations viz., 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mg/cm2. The percentage protection in relation to the dose method was performed. C. citratus extract has shown various degrees of repellency impact against A. arabiensis. It provided the maximum total percentage protection of 78.83% at 2.5 mg/cm2 and followed 68.06% at 2.0 mg/cm2 for 12 h. All four tested concentrations of C. citratus extract offered significant protection and Student's t test results shows statistically significant (p value=0.001) [1.0 mg/cm2 (t=22.89; df=4); 1.5 mg/cm2 (t=24.03; df=4); 2.0 mg/cm2 (t=36.92; df=4); 2.5 mg/cm2 (t=22.31; df=4)] difference between treated and control groups. The result suggests that it could serve as a potent insect repellent against vectors of disease. Globally, C. citratus is renowned for its therapeutic values. Above and beyond, due to its user- as well as environmental-friendly nature, it should be promoted among the marginalized populations in order to reduce man-vector contact. In addition, this appropriate strategy affords the opportunity to minimize chemical repellent usage and the risks associated with adverse side effects. At the end of the day, traditionally used plant-based insect repellents could be viable safer alternative sources for chemical insect repellents. © Springer-Verlag 2010.	None	insect repellent; Anopheles arabiensis; article; controlled study; Cymbopogon citratus; insect control; nonhuman; parasite vector; plant leaf; priority journal; protection; Animals; Anopheles; Cymbopogon; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Insect Repellents; Plant Extracts; Anopheles arabiensis; Culicidae; Cymbopogon citratus; Diptera; Hexapoda; Poaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903362394	In vivo antimalarial evaluation of MAMA decoction on Plasmodium berghei in mice	Adepiti A.O., Elujoba A.A., Bolaji O.O.	2014	Parasitology Research	113	2	10.1007/s00436-013-3680-0	Department of Pharmacognosy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Adepiti, A.O., Department of Pharmacognosy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Elujoba, A.A., Department of Pharmacognosy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Bolaji, O.O., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	The use of decoctions of different plant materials is common practice in antimalarial ethnomedicine in Africa. Scientific evaluation of such herbal combinations to verify the claims is important. The study has evaluated the antimalarial efficacy of MAMA decoction (MD), a multicomponent herbal preparation and its individual plant components, namely leaves of Morinda lucida Benth [Rubiaceae] (ML), Azadirachta indica A. Juss [Meliaceae] (AI), Alstonia boonei De Wild [Apocynaceae] (AB) and Mangifera indica L [Anacardiaceae] (MI) in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Each decoction was prepared by boiling the powdered leaf in water, concentrated in vacuo and freeze-dried. The acute toxicity of MD (LD50 = 3.8 g/kg) was determined using Lorke's method. The antimalarial activities of MD and its plant components were evaluated by oral administration of the freeze-dried extracts (15-240 mg/kg) using the early malaria infection test model. The established malaria infection test was used to evaluate MD (60-240 mg/kg) while amodiaquine [10 mg/kg] (AQ) and distilled water were employed as the positive and negative controls, respectively. From the early malaria infection test, the effective doses at 50 % (ED50) and 90 % (ED90) for MD, AB, AI, ML, MI and AQ were 43, 79, 140, 134, 208 and 3.9 mg/kg and 202, 276, 291, 408, 480 and 9.2 mg/kg, respectively. For the established infection test, MD (240 mg/kg) and AQ gave parasite clearance of 55 and 95 % on day 5 of treatment. MD possesses antimalarial activity and is relatively safe. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	None	Alstonia boonei extract; amodiaquine; antimalarial agent; Azadirachta indica extract; herbaceous agent; Mangifera indica extract; Morinda lucida extract; plant extract; unclassified drug; acute toxicity; Alstonia; alstonia boonei; animal experiment; antimalarial activity; article; Azadirachta indica; controlled study; female; freeze drying; in vivo study; LD 50; malaria; male; mango; Morinda lucida; mouse; nonhuman; parasite clearance; parasitemia; plant leaf; Plasmodium berghei; Plasmodium berghei infection; priority journal; treatment duration; Alstonia boonei; Anacardiaceae; Apocynaceae; Azadirachta indica; Mangifera indica; Meliaceae; Morinda lucida; Mus; Plasmodium berghei; Rubiaceae; Africa; Alstonia; Animals; Antimalarials; Azadirachta; Female; Malaria; Male; Mangifera; Medicine, Traditional; Mice; Morinda; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plasmodium berghei; Random Allocation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745425069	Keystone predators (eastern newts, Notophthalmus viridescens) reduce the impacts of an aquatic invasive species	Smith K.G.	2006	Oecologia	148	2	10.1007/s00442-006-0370-y	Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 569 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996-1610, United States; Florida Integrated Science Center, United States Geological Survey, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653, United States; Department of Zoology, School of Environmental Science and Development, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, 2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa	Smith, K.G., Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 569 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996-1610, United States, Florida Integrated Science Center, United States Geological Survey, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653, United States, Department of Zoology, School of Environmental Science and Development, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, 2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa	Predation, competition, and their interaction are known to be important factors that influence the structure of ecological communities. In particular, in those cases where a competitive hierarchy exists among prey species, the presence of certain keystone predators can result in enhanced diversity in the prey community. However, little is known regarding the influence of keystone predator presence on invaded prey communities. Given the widespread occurrence of invasive species and substantial concern regarding their ecological impacts, studies on this topic are needed. In this study I used naturalistic replications of an experimental tadpole assemblage to assess the influence of predatory eastern newts, Notophthalmus viridescens, on the outcome of interspecific competition among native and nonindigenous tadpoles. When newts were absent, the presence of the tadpoles of one invasive species, the Cuban treefrog, Osteopilus septentrionalis, resulted in decreased survival and growth rate of the dominant native species, Bufo terrestris, and dominance of the tadpole assemblage by O. septentrionalis. However, the presence of one adult newt generally reduced or eliminated the negative impacts of O. septentrionalis tadpoles, resulting in comparable survival and performance of native species in invaded and noninvaded treatments. Differential mortality among the tadpole species suggests that newts preyed selectively on O. septentrionalis tadpoles, supporting the hypothesis that newts acted as keystone predators in the invaded assemblage. The presence of nonindigenous larval cane toads, Bufo marinus, did not significantly affect native species, and this species was not negatively affected by the presence of newts. Collectively, these results suggest that eastern newts significantly modified the competitive hierarchy of the invaded tadpole assemblage and reduced the impacts of a competitively superior invasive species. If general, these results suggest that the presence of certain species may be an essential factor regulating the ecological impacts of biological invasions. © Springer-Verlag 2006.	Aquatic ecology; Biotic resistance; Competition; Nonindigenous species; Predation	biological invasion; competition (ecology); interspecific competition; predation; predator-prey interaction; animal; article; ecosystem; frogs and toads; growth, development and aging; larva; newt; physiology; predation; toad; Animals; Anura; Bufo marinus; Ecosystem; Larva; Notophthalmus viridescens; Predatory Behavior; Anura; Bufo marinus; Bufo terrestris; Notophthalmus; Notophthalmus viridescens; Osteopilus septentrionalis; Salamandridae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-43049138745	Impacts of large herbivorous mammals on bird diversity and abundance in an African savanna	Ogada D.L., Gadd M.E., Ostfeld R.S., Young T.P., Keesing F.	2008	Oecologia	156	2	10.1007/s00442-008-0994-1	Ornithology Section, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Division of International Conservation, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, ARLSQ 730, 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22203, United States; Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545, United States; Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Bard College, Box 5000, Annandale, NY 12504, United States	Ogada, D.L., Ornithology Section, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Gadd, M.E., Division of International Conservation, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, ARLSQ 730, 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22203, United States; Ostfeld, R.S., Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545, United States; Young, T.P., Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Keesing, F., Bard College, Box 5000, Annandale, NY 12504, United States	Large native mammals are declining dramatically in abundance across Africa, with strong impacts on both plant and animal community dynamics. However, the net effects of this large-scale loss in megafauna are poorly understood because responses by several ecologically important groups have not been assessed. We used a large-scale, replicated exclusion experiment in Kenya to investigate the impacts of different guilds of native and domestic large herbivores on the diversity and abundance of birds over a 2-year period. The exclusion of large herbivorous native mammals, including zebras (Equus burchelli), giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis), elephants (Loxodonta africana), and buffalos (Syncerus caffer), increased the diversity of birds by 30%. Most of this effect was attributable to the absence of elephants and giraffes; these megaherbivores reduced both the canopy area of subdominant woody vegetation and the biomass of ground-dwelling arthropods, and both of these factors were good predictors of the diversity of birds. The canopy area of subdominant trees was positively correlated with the diversity of granivorous birds. The biomass of ground-dwelling arthropods was positively correlated with the diversity of insectivorous birds. Our results suggest that most native large herbivores are compatible with an abundant and diverse bird fauna, as are cattle if they are at a relatively low stocking rate. Future research should focus on determining the spatial arrangements and densities of megaherbivores that will optimize both megaherbivore abundance and bird diversity. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.	Bird diversity; Cattle; Indirect effects; Kenya; Livestock; Megaherbivore	abundance; arthropod; bird; canopy; cattle; community dynamics; herbivore; livestock; mammal; plant community; savanna; species diversity; analysis of variance; animal; article; biodiversity; bird; ecosystem; feeding behavior; food chain; Kenya; mammal; physiology; population density; regression analysis; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Biodiversity; Birds; Ecosystem; Feeding Behavior; Food Chain; Kenya; Mammals; Population Density; Regression Analysis; Africa; East Africa; Kenya; Sub-Saharan Africa; Animalia; Arthropoda; Aves; Bos; Bubalus; Elephantidae; Equidae; Equus burchellii; Giraffa camelopardalis; Giraffidae; Loxodonta africana; Mammalia; Syncerus caffer	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901386136	Loss of a large grazer impacts savanna grassland plant communities similarly in North America and South Africa	Eby S., Burkepile D.E., Fynn R.W.S., Burns C.E., Govender N., Hagenah N., Koerner S.E., Matchett K.J., Thompson D.I., Wilcox K.R., Collins S.L., Kirkman K.P., Knapp A.K., Smith M.D.	2014	Oecologia	175	1	10.1007/s00442-014-2895-9	Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States; Marine Sciences Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States; Okavango Research Institute, Maun, Botswana; San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory, Milpitas, CA, United States; Scientific Services, Kruger National Park, Skukuza, South Africa; School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; South African Environmental Observation Network, Ndlovu Node, Scientific Services, Kruger National Park, Phalaborwa, South Africa; Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States	Eby, S., Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States; Burkepile, D.E., Marine Sciences Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States; Fynn, R.W.S., Okavango Research Institute, Maun, Botswana; Burns, C.E., San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory, Milpitas, CA, United States; Govender, N., Scientific Services, Kruger National Park, Skukuza, South Africa; Hagenah, N., School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Koerner, S.E., Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States; Matchett, K.J., School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Thompson, D.I., School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, South African Environmental Observation Network, Ndlovu Node, Scientific Services, Kruger National Park, Phalaborwa, South Africa; Wilcox, K.R., Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States; Collins, S.L., Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States; Kirkman, K.P., School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Knapp, A.K., Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States; Smith, M.D., Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States	Large herbivore grazing is a widespread disturbance in mesic savanna grasslands which increases herbaceous plant community richness and diversity. However, humans are modifying the impacts of grazing on these ecosystems by removing grazers. A more general understanding of how grazer loss will impact these ecosystems is hampered by differences in the diversity of large herbivore assemblages among savanna grasslands, which can affect the way that grazing influences plant communities. To avoid this we used two unique enclosures each containing a single, functionally similar large herbivore species. Specifically, we studied a bison (Bos bison) enclosure at Konza Prairie Biological Station, USA and an African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) enclosure in Kruger National Park, South Africa. Within these enclosures we erected exclosures in annually burned and unburned sites to determine how grazer loss would impact herbaceous plant communities, while controlling for potential fire-grazing interactions. At both sites, removal of the only grazer decreased grass and forb richness, evenness and diversity, over time. However, in Kruger these changes only occurred with burning. At both sites, changes in plant communities were driven by increased dominance with herbivore exclusion. At Konza, this was caused by increased abundance of one grass species, Andropogon gerardii, while at Kruger, three grasses, Themeda triandra, Panicum coloratum, and Digitaria eriantha increased in abundance. © 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Disturbance; Fire; Grazing; Plant community richness; Species diversity	dominance; herbivore; plant community; plant-herbivore interaction; ruminant; savanna; North America; South Africa; Andropogon; Andropogon gerardii; Bison; Bison bison; Digitaria (angiosperm); Digitaria eriantha; Panicum; Panicum coloratum; Poaceae; Syncerus caffer; Themeda triandra; animal; article; Bison; buffalo; ecosystem; fire; growth, development and aging; herbivory; Poaceae; South Africa; United States; Animals; Bison; Buffaloes; Ecosystem; Fires; Herbivory; Kansas; Poaceae; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907715549	Bottom-up impact on the cecidomyiid leaf galler and its parasitism in a tropical rainforest	Malinga G.M., Valtonen A., Nyeko P., Vesterinen E.J., Roininen H.	2014	Oecologia	176	2	10.1007/s00442-014-3024-5	Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, Joensuu, Finland; Department of Forestry, Biodiversity and Tourism, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland	Malinga, G.M., Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, Joensuu, Finland; Valtonen, A., Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, Joensuu, Finland; Nyeko, P., Department of Forestry, Biodiversity and Tourism, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Vesterinen, E.J., Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Roininen, H., Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, Joensuu, Finland	The relative importance of host-plant resources, natural enemies or their interactions in controlling the population of galling insects and their parasitism is poorly known for tropical gallers. In this study, we assessed the impacts of plant quality and density of host trees in regulating the densities of a galler species, the cecidomyiid leaf galler (Cecidomyiini sp. 1EJV) and its parasitoids and inquilines on Neoboutonia macrocalyx trees in Uganda. We manipulated the nutritional quality (or vigour) and the resource concentration with four levels each of fertilization and the group size of host tree. We then recorded the effects of these treatments on the growth rate and total leaf area of host plants, the density of gallers and their mortality by parasitoids and inquilines. Higher levels of fertilization and host density resulted in significantly higher total leaf area than did ambient nutrient levels, and lowest tree densities, respectively. Fertilization also caused significant change in the growth rate of leaf area. Both higher fertilization and host density caused higher density of gallers. Total leaf area was positively associated with galler density, but within galled replicates, the galled leaves were larger than the ungalled leaves. Although highest levels of fertilization and density of host trees caused significant change in the densities of parasitoids, the rate of parasitism did not change. However, tree-density manipulations increased the rate of inquilinism, but on a very low level. Our results demonstrate a trophic cascade in the tropical galler and its parasitoids as a response to bottom-up effects. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Plant quality; Plant vigour; Resource concentration; Trophic cascade; Tropical gallers	fertilization (reproduction); group size; growth rate; host plant; insect; parasitism; population density; rainforest; tropical forest; Uganda; Cecidomyiidae; animal; Diptera; Euphorbiaceae; fertilization; growth, development and aging; herbivory; Hymenoptera; parasitology; plant leaf; plant tumor; population density; rain forest; tree; Uganda; Animals; Diptera; Euphorbiaceae; Fertilization; Herbivory; Hymenoptera; Plant Leaves; Plant Tumors; Population Density; Rainforest; Trees; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84932648682	Impact of revascularization on hypertension in children with Takayasu’s arteritis-induced renal artery stenosis: a 21-year review	Ladapo T.A., Gajjar P., McCulloch M., Scott C., Numanoglu A., Nourse P.	2015	Pediatric Nephrology	30	8	10.1007/s00467-015-3049-y	Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos and Lagos University Teaching Hospital, PMB 12003, Lagos, Idi-Araba, Nigeria; Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Red Cross War Memorial Children’	Ladapo, T.A., Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos and Lagos University Teaching Hospital, PMB 12003, Lagos, Idi-Araba, Nigeria; Gajjar, P., Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, School of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; McCulloch, M., Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, School of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town., Cape Town, South Africa; Scott, C., Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, School of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Numanoglu, A., Pediatric Surgery, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, School of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town., Cape Town, South Africa; Nourse, P., Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, School of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Background: Surgery for reno-vascular hypertension (RVH) is complex, and the techniques utilized vary with anatomical presentations of the disease. The long-term outcome of revascularization on RVH in children with Takayasu’s arteritis (TA)-induced renal artery stenosis (RAS) at our centre was reviewed. Methods: This study was a 21-year retrospective review of pre- and post-intervention RVH in children with angiographically confirmed RAS. The outcome of hypertension was defined as follows: (1) cured (normotensive off anti-hypertensives), (2) improved (normotensive on same or reduced number of medications), or (3) failure (no cure or improvement in number of medications). Results: The medical histories of 59 children (median age 9.98 years) were reviewed, of whom 20 (44 %) had revascularization procedures. All were hypertensive, with a mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 161.5 ± 36 and 106.5 ± 31 mmHg, respectively. RAS was present in 45 (76.3 %) children. Twenty-four revascularization procedures were performed in 20 children (44 %), of whom five had contralateral nephrectomies. Outcome was available for 17 patients at the 3- and 6-months follow-up, with cure, improvement and failure rates at 3 months of 2/17 (11.8 %), 7/17 (41.2 %) and 8/19 (47 %), respectively, and similar rates at 6 months. Associations between outcome and age (p = 0.51), sex (p = 0.32), number of pre-surgery anti-hypertensives (p = 0.18) and stenosis sites (p = 0.22) were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Revascularization was beneficial to the management of blood pressure control in about half of our RVH patients. © 2015, IPNA.	Blood pressure; Children; Reno-vascular hypertension; Revascularization; Takayasu’s arteritis	antihypertensive agent; cyclophosphamide; methotrexate; methylprednisolone; prednisone; antihypertensive therapy; aorta arch syndrome; artery bypass; Article; autograft; blood pressure regulation; child; childhood disease; controlled study; diastolic blood pressure; female; follow up; human; immunosuppressive treatment; kidney artery stenosis; kidney surgery; major clinical study; male; medical history; medical record review; nephrectomy; outcome assessment; percutaneous transluminal angioplasty; priority journal; renovascular hypertension; retrospective study; revascularization; single drug dose; aorta arch syndrome; complication; Hypertension, Renovascular; kidney transplantation; procedures; Renal Artery Obstruction; treatment outcome; vascular surgery; Child; Female; Humans; Hypertension, Renovascular; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Renal Artery Obstruction; Retrospective Studies; Takayasu Arteritis; Treatment Outcome; Vascular Surgical Procedures	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920252018	Environmental impact assessment of a new nuclear power plant (NPP) based on atmospheric dispersion modeling	Aliyu A.S., Ramli A.T., Saleh M.A.	2014	Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment	28	7	10.1007/s00477-014-0856-9	Nuclear Laboratory, Department of Physics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Department of Physics, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria	Aliyu, A.S., Nuclear Laboratory, Department of Physics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia, Department of Physics, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria; Ramli, A.T., Nuclear Laboratory, Department of Physics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Saleh, M.A., Nuclear Laboratory, Department of Physics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia	The US Environmental Protection Agency’s short-range atmospheric dispersion model (AERMOD 12345) is a good candidate for radiological dose calculations to the general public and the environment. It advanced capability should provide better confidence in the accuracy of offsite dose and risk assessment. The code has been used to compute the scaling factors for air concentration and ground level deposition of fission products based on routine and hypothetical accident releases from the NPP site in Geregu, Nigeria (7°33′N, 6°41′E). All computations were within the 16 km emergency planing zone of a generic reactor design considered by the study. The scaling factors have been used to assess the potential environmental risk of the NPP using an integrated approach to the assessment and management of environmental risks from ionizing radiation (D-ERICA). Obtained results should provide baseline information for decision making in terms of operation license provision for the pioneer NPP. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	AERMOD; Atmosphere; Environmental risk; ERICA Tool; Nigeria; Nuclear power plant	Atmospheric movements; Decision making; Earth atmosphere; Environmental impact assessments; Environmental Protection Agency; Fission products; Ionizing radiation; Nuclear energy; Nuclear power plants; Nuclear reactor accidents; Risk assessment; Structural design; AERMOD; Air concentrations; Atmospheric dispersion modeling; Environmental risks; Integrated approach; Nigeria; Radiological dose; US Environmental Protection Agency; Environmental impact	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-63349100246	Equivalence of robust stabilization and robust performance via feedback	Ball J.A., Fang Q., Groenewald G.J., ter Horst S.	2009	Mathematics of Control, Signals, and Systems	21	1	10.1007/s00498-009-0037-4	Department of Mathematics, Virginia Tech., Blacksburg, VA 24061-0123, United States; Department of Mathematics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260-2900, United States; Department of Mathematics, North West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	Ball, J.A., Department of Mathematics, Virginia Tech., Blacksburg, VA 24061-0123, United States; Fang, Q., Department of Mathematics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260-2900, United States; Groenewald, G.J., Department of Mathematics, North West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; ter Horst, S., Department of Mathematics, Virginia Tech., Blacksburg, VA 24061-0123, United States	One approach to robust control for linear plants with structured uncertainty as well as for linear parameter-varying plants (where the controller has on-line access to the varying plant parameters) is through linear-fractional-transformation models. Control issues to be addressed by controller design in this formalism include robust stability and robust performance. Here robust performance is defined as the achievement of a uniform specified L 2-gain tolerance for a disturbance-to-error map combined with robust stability. By setting the disturbance and error channels equal to zero, it is clear that any criterion for robust performance also produces a criterion for robust stability. Counter-intuitively, as a consequence of the so-called Main Loop Theorem, application of a result on robust stability to a feedback configuration with an artificial full-block uncertainty operator added in feedback connection between the error and disturbance signals produces a result on robust performance. The main result here is that this performance-to-stabilization reduction principle must be handled with care for the case of dynamic feedback compensation: casual application of this principle leads to the solution of a physically uninteresting problem, where the controller is assumed to have access to the states in the artificially-added feedback loop. Application of the principle using a known more refined dynamic-control robust stability criterion, where the user is allowed to specify controller partial-state dimensions, leads to correct robust-performance results. These latter results involve rank conditions in addition to linear matrix inequality conditions. © Springer-Verlag London Limited 2009.	Linear fractional transformations; Linear matrix inequalities; Multidimensional linear systems; Output feedback; Robust performance; Robust stabilization	Linear fractional transformations; Multidimensional linear systems; Output feedback; Robust performance; Robust stabilization; Access control; Applications; Block codes; Controllers; Delay control systems; Feedback; Fuzzy control; Linear control systems; Mathematical operators; Mathematical transformations; Robust control; Robustness (control systems); Speed control; Stability criteria; Stabilization; Switching systems; System stability; Uncertain systems; Linear matrix inequalities	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953318777	Evaluation of new antiemetic agents and definition of antineoplastic agent emetogenicity - State of the art	Grunberg S.M., Warr D., Gralla R.J., Rapoport B.L., Hesketh P.J., Jordan K., Espersen B.T.	2011	Supportive Care in Cancer	19	SUPPL. 1	10.1007/s00520-010-1003-x	Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; North Shore-LIJ Cancer Institute, Lake Success, NY, United States; Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa; St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States; University of Halle, Halle, Germany; Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark	Grunberg, S.M.; Warr, D., Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Gralla, R.J., North Shore-LIJ Cancer Institute, Lake Success, NY, United States; Rapoport, B.L., Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa; Hesketh, P.J., St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States; Jordan, K., University of Halle, Halle, Germany; Espersen, B.T., Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark	Antiemetic drug development can follow the same logical path as antineoplastic drug development from appropriate preclinical models through Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III testing. However, due to the marked success of antiemetic therapy over the last 25 years, placebo antiemetic treatment against highly or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy is not acceptable. Promising antiemetic agents therefore rapidly reach Phase III testing, where they are substituted into or added to effective and accepted regimens. One challenge of antiemetic drug development is determining whether substitution is indeed acceptable or whether prior regimens must be maintained intact as a basis for further antiemetic drug development. An additional challenge is the classification of emetogenic level of new antineoplastic agents. Accurate reporting of emetogenicity of such antineoplastic agents in the absence of preventive antiemetic treatment may not be available. However, at the 2009 Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC)/European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) Consensus Conference, an expert panel used best available data to establish rankings of emetogenicity. Oral chemotherapeutic agents are ranked separately from intravenous agents, recognizing intrinsic differences in emetogenicity as well as differing schedules of administration. Since oral chemotherapeutic agents are often administered in extended regimens, the distinction between acute and delayed emesis is less clear, and cumulative emesis must be considered. As control of vomiting has improved, attention has shifted to control of nausea, a related but distinct and equally important problem. Additional efforts will be necessary to understand mechanisms of nausea and to identify optimal remedies. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.	Classification; Emetogenicity; Nausea; Vomiting	alemtuzumab; antiemetic agent; antineoplastic agent; azacitidine; bendamustine; carboplatin; carmustine; chlormethine; cisplatin; clofarabine; cyclophosphamide; cytarabine; dacarbazine; daunorubicin; docetaxel; doxorubicin; epirubicin; etoposide; idarubicin; ifosfamide; irinotecan; ixabepilone; methotrexate; mitoxantrone; oxaliplatin; paclitaxel; pemetrexed; streptozocin; topotecan; unindexed drug; article; chemotherapy induced emesis; drug classification; drug safety; drug screening; human; nausea; practice guideline; priority journal; Antiemetics; Antineoplastic Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dexamethasone; Drug Administration Routes; Drug Administration Schedule; Humans; Nausea; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Receptors, Neurokinin-1; Serotonin Antagonists; Vomiting	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051470936	Geochemical evaluation of Niger Delta sedimentary organic rocks: A new insight	Akinlua A., Torto N.	2011	International Journal of Earth Sciences	100	6	10.1007/s00531-010-0544-z	Department of Earth Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, P. O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Fossil Fuels and Environmental Research Group, Department of C	Akinlua, A., Department of Earth Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa, Fossil Fuels and Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Torto, N., Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, P. O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa	A geochemical evaluation of Niger Delta organic matter was carried out using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) sample preparation procedure. Comparison of geochemical significance of gas chromatographic data of rock extracts of SFE with those of Soxhlet extraction method from previous studies was made in order to establish the usefulness of SFE in geochemical exploration. The assessment of geochemical character of the rock samples from the comparison and interpretation of other geochemical parameters were used to give more insights into understanding the source rocks characteristics of onshore and shelf portions of the Niger Delta Basin. The results of the gas chromatographic (GC) analysis of the rock extracts across the lithostratigraphic units show that Pr/Ph, Pr/nC17, Pr/nC18, CPI and odd/even preference ranged from 0.07 to 12.39, 0.04 to 6.66, 0.05 to 13.80, 0.12 to 8.4 and 0.06 to 8.12, respectively. The Rock-Eval pyrolysis data and geochemical ratios and parameters calculated from the GC data showed that most of the samples are mature and have strong terrestrial provenance while a few samples have strong marine provenance. The few marine source rocks are located in the deeper depth horizon. Pr/Ph and standard geochemical plots indicate that most of samples were derived from organic matter deposited in less reducing conditions, i. e. more of oxidizing conditions while a few samples have predominantly influence of reducing conditions. The results of trace metal analysis of older samples from Agbada Formation also indicate marine and mixed organic matter input deposited in less reducing conditions. The results obtained in this study are comparable with those obtained from previous studies when Soxhlet extraction method was used and also indicated the presence of more than one petroleum systems in the Niger Delta. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.	Extraction; Niger Delta; Organic matter; Supercritical fluid	extraction method; gas chromatography; lithostratigraphy; organic matter; oxidation; pyrolysis; sediment chemistry; source rock; trace metal; Niger Delta; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856300509	Determination of the effect of probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on growth performance and hematological parameters of rabbits	Ezema C., Eze D.C.	2012	Comparative Clinical Pathology	21	1	10.1007/s00580-010-1066-6	Department of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria	Ezema, C., Department of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria; Eze, D.C., Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria	Insufficient supply of animal protein is a major problem in developing countries including Nigeria. Rabbits are adjudged to be a convenient source of palatable and nutritious meat, high in protein, and contain low fat and cholesterol. A doe can produce more than 15 times her own weight in offspring in a year. However, its productivity may be limited by inadequate nutrition. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation on growth performance and some hematological parameters of rabbit. The appropriate level of the probiotic inclusion for excellent health status and optimum productivity was also determined. A total of 40 male rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (A-D) of ten rabbits each. Each group was subdivided into two replicates of five rabbits each. They were fed pelleted grower mash ad libitum. The feed for groups A to C were supplemented with bioactive yeast (probiotic) at inclusion levels of 0.08, 0.12, and 0.16 g yeast/kg diet, respectively. Group D had no yeast (control). Daily feed intake was determined. The rabbits were weighed weekly. The packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration, white blood cell total, and differential counts were determined at the 8th week, 16th week, and 22nd week following standard procedures. The three results which did not have any significant difference were pooled together. Group A which had 0.08 g yeast/kg of diet had a significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05) PCV than groups B (which had 0.12 g yeast/kg of diet) and C (which had 0.16 g yeast/kg of diet) as well as D (the control). Total WBC count for groups B and C (14.35 ± 0.100 × 10 3/μl and 14.65 ± 0.786 × 10 3/μl, respectively) were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) than groups A and D (6.33 ± 0.335 × 10 3/μl and 10.40 ± 0.296 × 10 3/μl, respectively). Also the absolute neutrophils and lymphocytes counts were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) in groups B and C than in groups A and D. Group B had significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) weight gain (1.025 ± 0.006 kg/rabbit) followed by group A (0.950 ± 0.092 kg/rabbit). The control (group D) had the least weight gain of 0.623 ± 0.0.099 kg/rabbit. These results showed that like most probiotics, bioactive yeast at an appropriate level of inclusion had a significant beneficial effect on health status and growth rate of rabbit. Probiotic supplementation level of 0.12 g yeast/kg of diet was recommended for optimum rabbit production. © 2010 Springer-Verlag London Limited.	Feed; Growth rate; Health status; Probiotic; Rabbit	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870589404	Probiotic effect of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on haematological parameters and growth performance of pullets fed palm kernel cake-based diet	Ezema C., Ihedioha O.C., Ihedioha J.I., Okorie-Kanu C.O., Kamalu T.N.	2012	Comparative Clinical Pathology	21	6	10.1007/s00580-011-1250-3	Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, N	Ezema, C., Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ihedioha, O.C., Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ihedioha, J.I., Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Okorie-Kanu, C.O., Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Kamalu, T.N., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	This study evaluated the effect of probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on weight gain, haematological parameters and the onset of egg laying in pullets fed palm kernel cake-based diet. After brooding, 100 pullets were randomly selected and divided into four groups (A-D) of 25 birds each. Diets for groups A to C were supplemented with probiotic at varied levels of 0. 6, 0. 8 and 1. 0 g/kg of feed, respectively. Group D diet had no probiotic (control). The feed for all the groups was isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Daily feed intake was determined, and the birds were weighed weekly. At the 9th and 15th weeks of age, five birds were randomly selected from each group and about 3 ml of blood was collected from each for haematological analysis following the standard procedures. The result showed that the packed cell volume (PCV) was significantly (P < 0. 05) higher in group C (28. 78 ± 0. 061%) than the other groups. All the probiotic supplemented groups had higher total leukocyte and absolute lymphocyte count than the control. Results also showed significantly higher (P < 0. 05) weight gain among the probiotic supplemented groups compared with the control between the 6th and 10th weeks of age. The results revealed that at the point of lay (18th week) group C had higher final mean live weight (1. 48 ± 0. 02 kg/bird) than group D (unsupplemented control; 1. 40 ± 0. 09 kg/bird). Group B was the first to drop egg at the 18th week, followed by groups A and C at the 20th week, while the control started laying at the 22nd week. In conclusion, probiotic supplementation improved weight gain, increased PCV, haemoglobin concentration, total leukocyte count and absolute lymphocyte count. The probiotic also reduced time of onset of egg laying. Probiotic (S. cerevisiae) inclusion level of 1. 0 g/kg of diet was recommended for optimum pullet development. However, there is a need for further studies to determine the effect of this probiotic on hen-day performance and egg quality. © 2011 Springer-Verlag London Limited.	Haematological parameters; Palm kernel; Probiotic; Pullets; Saccharomyces cerevisiae	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879845317	Evaluation of anaemia in Nigerian goats using FAMACHA© eye colour chart: A preliminary study	Idika I.K., Iheagwam C.N., Nwobi L.G., Nwosu C.O.	2013	Comparative Clinical Pathology	22	4	10.1007/s00580-012-1456-z	Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Idika, I.K., Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Iheagwam, C.N., Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Nwobi, L.G., Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Nwosu, C.O., Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	A preliminary study was carried out on the possibility of using the FAMACHA eye colour chart to predict the level of anaemia in 280 Nigerian goats of varied ages slaughtered at the Nsukka abattoir, in Enugu State, Nigeria. Three indices of anaemia, namely packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) counts and haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations were compared with the colour of the ocular membranes of the goats. The colours of the ocular conjunctiva of all animals were scored on a 1-5 scale using the FAMACHA© card, and blood samples were collected from each animal for determination of PCV, RBC counts and Hb concentration. Correlations between eye colour scores and the duo of PCV and Hb concentrations were highly significant and negative. Haemonchus contortus was the most predominant gastrointestinal nematode parasite observed in the study with average larval recovery of 70.18 %. Age has no effect on the predictability of anaemia by the FAMACHA© technique. It was concluded that the FAMACHA method can be used by farmers in Nigeria to identify anaemic goats particularly in conditions of haemonchosis which is one of the main causes of anaemia in goats and the most predominant gastrointestinal nematode in small ruminants in the study area. It is, therefore, believed that these preliminary findings will form a basis for further work on validating the use of FAMACHA© in Nigerian goats. © 2012 Springer-Verlag London Limited.	Anaemia; FAMACHA; Hb concentration; Nigerian goats; PCV	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939877951	Effect of cement dust on reproductive performance and some physiological parameters in albino rats	Odo R.I., Mbegbu E.C., Nwosu K.C., Aba P.E., Aka L.O., Obidike I.R.	2015	Comparative Clinical Pathology	24	3	10.1007/s00580-014-1934-6	Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria	Odo, R.I., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria; Mbegbu, E.C., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria; Nwosu, K.C., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria; Aba, P.E., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria; Aka, L.O., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria; Obidike, I.R., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria	A total of 30 Albino rats of 12 weeks of age were sourced from Altran Farm in Nsukka and acclimatized for 3 weeks. Five males and five females were exposed to cement dust for 3 months at the Eastern Blocks and Concrete Industries Limited, Nsukka, Nigeria. Ten males and ten females were kept in an environment free from cement dust but within the same climatic zone and were the unexposed. The effect of cement dust was then determined on reproductive performance and some physiological parameters of the rats. The uterus of the exposed females showed significant decrease (p < 0.05) in weight (2.19 ± 0.05) when compared to that of the unexposed females (4.09 ± 0.55). The mean epididymal sperm reserve of the exposed males (12.25 ± 2.17) was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) when compared to that of the control group (18.46 ± 0.325). The mean testicular weight of the exposed males (1.03 ± 0.09) was significantly reduced when compared to the control (1.42 ± 0.026). The mean fetal weight and crown rump length of the offsprings from the exposed females (4.07 ± 0.17, 3.12 ± 0.09, respectively) were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) when compared to those of the offsprings from the unexposed females (5.64 ± 0.10, 5.36 ± 0.17, respectively). The mean number of offsprings from exposed males (6.00 ± 0.45) was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) when compared to that from unexposed males (9.80 ± 0.37). The hematological evaluation showed significant reductions (p < 0.05) in mean PCV, HB, RBC, and WBC of the exposed rats (27.50 ± 2.20, 8.31 ± 0.61, 3.61 ± 0.82, 4.70 ± 0.63, respectively) when compared to the unexposed (43.17 ± 3.52, 14.1 ± 0.72, 7.21 ± 0.45, 8.48 ± 0.86, respectively). The results of serum enzyme levels (AST, ALP, and ALT) of the exposed rats (87.12 ± 3.42, 93.87 ± 14.18, 45.06 ± 5.25, respectively) were significantly increased (p < 0.05) when compared to the unexposed rats (56.98 ± 8.38, 24.71 ± 2.11, 25.72 ± 2.96, respectively). © 2014, Springer-Verlag London.	Cement; Hematology; Offspring; Sperm; Uterus	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943363765	Histopathological evaluation of the osteogenic activity of autologous platelet-rich plasma in experimentally induced ulna defect in dogs	Nnaji T., Kene R., Chah K., Udegbunam S., Ogbanya K., Okpe G.	2015	Comparative Clinical Pathology	24	6	10.1007/s00580-015-2121-0	Department of Veterinary Surgery, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Nnaji, T., Department of Veterinary Surgery, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Kene, R., Department of Veterinary Surgery, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Chah, K., Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Udegbunam, S., Department of Veterinary Surgery, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ogbanya, K., Department of Veterinary Surgery, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Okpe, G., Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Variety of products and surgical approaches to stimulate biologic factors and promote osteogenesis have been developed over the years, but surgeons still face challenges relating to bone healing. This study was designed to evaluate the histopathologic effects of autologous platelet-rich plasma and cancellous bone grafts on caudolateral ulna ostectomy of Nigerian local dogs. Twelve healthy Nigerian indigenous dogs (males) were used for the study. They were randomly grouped into four viz: platelet-rich plasma-treated group (PRPG) (n = 3), cancellous bone graft-treated group (CBG) (n = 3), platelet-rich plasma/cancellous bone graft-treated group (PRP/CBG) (n = 3), and normal saline-treated control group (CG) (n = 3). Caudolateral ulna defects were created on the left ulna of each dog under general anesthesia and treated as follows: the PRPG were treated by application of autologous PRP on the defects prior to closure, the PRP/CBG defects were treated by applying both PRP and cancellous bone grafts on the defects, and CBG was treated with autologous cancellous bone grafts alone while the control defects were treated by applying normal saline on the defects prior to closure of the soft tissues. Animals were euthanized at week 10 and the bridging callus of the defects analyzed by histopathology. The PRP defects either in combination with cancellous bone grafts or alone demonstrated more matured lamella bone compared to the CBG and control defects. The control defects were characterized with fibrocartillagenous zones of intense cellular activities mainly of chondroblasts and oeteoblasts. The mean histologic indices of the PRPG and PRP/CBG defects varied significantly (p < 0.05) with the CBG and the control defects. The results showed that the PRP has a positive osteogenic effect in treatment of caudolateral ulna ostectomies of dogs but its activity was optimal when combined with autologous cancellous bone grafts. © 2015, Springer-Verlag London.	Bone defect; Bone graft; Dog; Osteogenesis; Platelet-rich plasma	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-58149459606	Biotribological evaluation of artificial disc arthroplasty devices: Influence of loading and kinematic patterns during in vitro wear simulation	Grupp T.M., Yue J.J., Garcia Jr. R., Basson J., Schwiesau J., Fritz B., Blömer W.	2009	European Spine Journal	18	1	10.1007/s00586-008-0840-5	Aesculap AG Research and Development, Tuttlingen, Germany; Ludwig Maximilian University, Clinic for Orthopaedic Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Munich, Germany; Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Orthopedic Care Center, Aventura, FL, United States; 6o of Freedom, Cape Town, South Africa; Biomechanical Research Laboratory, Aesculap AG Research and Development, Am Aesculap-Platz, 78532 Tuttlingen, Germany	Grupp, T.M., Aesculap AG Research and Development, Tuttlingen, Germany, Ludwig Maximilian University, Clinic for Orthopaedic Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Munich, Germany, Biomechanical Research Laboratory, Aesculap AG Research and Development, Am Aesculap-Platz, 78532 Tuttlingen, Germany; Yue, J.J., Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Garcia Jr., R., Orthopedic Care Center, Aventura, FL, United States; Basson, J., 6o of Freedom, Cape Town, South Africa; Schwiesau, J., Aesculap AG Research and Development, Tuttlingen, Germany; Fritz, B., Aesculap AG Research and Development, Tuttlingen, Germany; Blömer, W., Aesculap AG Research and Development, Tuttlingen, Germany	Wear simulation is an essential pre-clinical method to predict the mid- and long-term clinical wear behavior of newly introduced devices for total disc arthroplasty. The main requirement of a suitable method for spinal wear simulation has to be the ability to distinguish between design concepts and allow for a direct comparison of predicate devices. The objective of our study was to investigate the influence of loading and kinematic patterns based on two different protocols for spinal wear simulation (ISO/FDIS 18192-1 (2006) and ASTM F2423-05). In vitro wear simulation was performed with six activ ® L lumbar artificial disc devices (Aesculap Tuttlingen, Germany). The applied kinematic pattern of movement was multidirectional for ISO (elliptic track) and unidirectional with a curvilinear shape for ASTM. Testing was done for 10 million cycles in the ISO loading mode and afterwards with the same specimens for 5 million cycles according to the ASTM protocol with a customized six-station servohydraulic spinal wear simulator (EndoLab Thansau, Germany). Gravimetrical and geometrical wear assessment, a slide track analysis correlated to an optical surface characterization, and an estimation of particle size and morphology were performed. The gravimetric wear rate for the first 10 million cycles was ISOinitial = 2.7 ± 0.3 mg/million cycles. During the ASTM test period (10-15 million cycles) a gravimetric wear rate of 0.14 ± 0.06 mg/million cycles was estimated. The wear rates between the ISO and ASTM driven simulations differ substantially (approximately 20-fold) and statistical analysis demonstrates a significant difference (p &lt; 0.001) between the test groups. The main explanation of divergency between ISO and ASTM driven wear simulations is the multidirectional pattern of movement described in the ISO document resulting in a cross-shear stress on the polyethylene material. Due to previous retrieval observations, it seems to be very unlikely that a lumbar artificial disc is loaded with a linear wear path.Testing according to ASTM F2423-05 with pure unidirectional motion does not reflect the kinematics of TDA patients' daily activities. Based on our findings it seems to be more reliable to predict the clinical wear behavior of an artificial disc replacement using the ISO/FDIS 18192-1 method. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.	Lumbar total disc arthroplasty; Particle analysis; Pattern of movement; Wear simulation	polyethylene; arthroplasty; article; daily life activity; device; geometry; gravimetry; kinematics; lumbar spine; mechanical stress; methodology; morphology; particle size; priority journal; shear stress; simulation; Arthroplasty, Replacement; Biomechanics; Compressive Strength; Intervertebral Disk; Joint Prosthesis; Materials Testing; Polyethylene; Stress, Mechanical; Weight-Bearing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70449528631	Preparation of low temperature nano-structured ZnO and RhO2 on titanium substrates, and evaluation for phenol electro-catalytic oxidation	Klink M.J., Crouch A.M.	2009	Microchimica Acta	166	42371	10.1007/s00604-009-0157-z	Faculty of Science, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa	Klink, M.J., Faculty of Science, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; Crouch, A.M., Faculty of Science, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa	An approach based on a thermodynamical growth control concept of ZnO and RhO2 nano-structured metal oxides on a titanium substrate for electro-catalytic oxidation of phenol is demonstrated. These nano-structured metal oxide materials prepared via a low temperature thin film growth technique were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The effect of the method employed, i.e. three-dimensional arrays, could be clearly seen in the estimated values of surface roughness. The scanning electron technique confirmed the sizes of the metal titanium oxide materials in the nano range: The diameter of the ZnO rods ranges from 50-150 nanometers and the lengths from 1-2 μm. The diameters of RhO2 showed oval structures from 10-100 nanometers. Thermogravimetric analyses showed that at 450 °C and 800 °C (the calcination temperature) no further structural changes occurred due to mass loss for ZnO and RhO2 respectively. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) showed that both the Ti/ZnO and Ti/RhO2 nano-structured electrodes can be used for phenol electro-catalytic oxidation and that the Ti/RhO2 electrode can also be used as a sensor for the detection of phenol. © Springer-Verlag 2009.	Cyclic voltammetry (CV); Metal oxide nano-structures; Scanning electron microscopy (SEM); Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA)	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953120558	Tropical cyclones in the SW Indian Ocean. Part 2: Structure and impacts at the event scale	Chang-Seng D.S., Jury M.R.	2010	Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics	106	42433	10.1007/s00703-010-0059-y	Institute for Environment and Human Security, United Nations University, Bonn, Germany; Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR, United States; University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa	Chang-Seng, D.S., Institute for Environment and Human Security, United Nations University, Bonn, Germany; Jury, M.R., Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR, United States, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa	The southwest Indian Ocean (5°-20°S, 45°-70°E) experiences frequent tropical cyclones (TC) in the December-March season. In this paper, TC composite and case-study structure and impacts are studied using daily oceanic and atmospheric fields from model-reanalyzed data, satellite remote sensing, and in situ station data. The TC environment is characterized according to mean track: W-, SW-, and S-moving. Case studies of TC are investigated, and impacts such as storm surge and rainfall are evaluated through comparison of 'real' and 'model' datasets in the period since 1998. The northern sub-tropical jet stream is found to influence the intensity and track of TC in the SWIO. The composite SW-moving TC maintains intensity compared to the other tracks, which decline in strength. Variability is found in TC rainfall distribution, with maximum intensity in a spiral band 1-2 days before peak intensity, based on satellite estimates. There is a re-establishment of equatorial rainfall in the case of southward moving TC after peak intensity. The W-moving TC lacks monsoon inflow compared to the recurving TC. Comparisons are made between low-resolution model-estimated rainfall, various satellite products, and station-observed rainfall. TC spiral rain-band intensity is found to be similar to that reported elsewhere in the tropics, based on a limited sample of TRMM PR data and station reports. The satellite-derived daily rainfall out-performs NCEP reanalysis due to low resolution and underestimated diabatic heating. Similarly, the circulation within a 300-km radius of the composite TC is poorly resolved by re-analysis; winds, swells, and storm surges are too low by a factor of two compared with QuikSCAT and in situ measurements. This work will offer ways to adjust operational forecasts of winds, rainfall, and swells around tropical cyclones, so that TC risk and impacts are better managed. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.	None	atmospheric structure; in situ measurement; jet stream; monsoon; precipitation intensity; QuikSCAT; seasonality; storm surge; storm track; tropical cyclone; Indian Ocean; Indian Ocean (Southwest)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875399709	Investigation of the impact in variation of secondary radioclimatic variables on microwave at the lower atmosphere	Jonas A.U., Okechukwu U.D.	2013	Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics	120	02-Jan	10.1007/s00703-013-0234-z	Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 41010 Enugu State, Nigeria	Jonas, A.U., Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 41010 Enugu State, Nigeria; Okechukwu, U.D., Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 41010 Enugu State, Nigeria	The work discusses the effect in the variations of secondary radioclimatic parameters in Nsukka, Nigeria. The data collected from the measured atmospheric profile using two automatic wireless weather stations for 3 years were used to estimate the propagation condition, geoclimatic factor, and effective earth radius. The result shows that, the calculated median value of k-factor is 1. 595, with an absolute span of 0. 26 of the standard value of k-factor 1. 333 owing to the increase in relative humidity during the rainy seasons and intensive temperature inversion in the morning and early afternoon periods of December due to the dry harmattan for the season. Also, from the result super-refraction propagation condition was observed for about 7 months of a year, while ducting condition dominates the remaining 5 months in the region. The regression analysis of k-factor as a function of ground refractivity showed that the pair is strongly correlated (0. 9996). These results have not been obtained in the region and it will help in planning of radio wave line-of-sight for better signal reception. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Wien.	None	air temperature; microwave radiation; radio wave; regression analysis; relative humidity; Enugu [Nigeria]; Nigeria; Nsukka	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33750429282	Assessing the performance of global solar radiation empirical formulations in Kampala, Uganda	Mubiru J., Banda E.J.K.B., D'Ujanga F., Senyonga T.	2007	Theoretical and Applied Climatology	87	04-Jan	10.1007/s00704-005-0196-2	Department of Physics, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway	Mubiru, J., Department of Physics, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Banda, E.J.K.B., Department of Physics, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; D'Ujanga, F., Department of Physics, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Senyonga, T., Department of Physics, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway	Solar radiation incident on the Earth's surface is a determining factor of climate on Earth, hence having a proper solar radiation database is crucial in understanding climate processes in the Earth's atmosphere. Solar radiation data may be used in the development of insolation maps, analysis of crop growth and in the simulation of solar systems. Unfortunately, measured solar radiation data may not be available in locations where it is most needed. An alternative to obtaining observed data is to estimate it using an appropriate solar radiation model. The purpose of this study is to assess the performance of thirteen global solar radiation empirical formulations, in Kampala, Uganda, located in an African Equatorial region. The best performing formulations were determined using the ranking method. The mean bias error, root mean square error and t-statistic value were calculated and utilized in the ranking process. Results have shown that the formulation: H̄/ H̄0 = a + b(S̄/S̄0) + c(S̄/ S̄0)2 is ranked the highest and therefore is the recommended empirical equation for the estimation of the monthly mean global solar irradiation in Kampala, Uganda and in other African Equatorial locations with similar climate and terrain. © Springer-Verlag 2006.	None	empirical analysis; error analysis; numerical model; performance assessment; ranking; solar radiation; Africa; Central Province [Uganda]; East Africa; Kampala; Sub-Saharan Africa; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846060888	Performance of empirical correlations for predicting monthly mean daily diffuse solar radiation values at Kampala, Uganda	Mubiru J., Banda E.J.K.B.	2007	Theoretical and Applied Climatology	88	02-Jan	10.1007/s00704-006-0249-1	Department of Physics, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda	Mubiru, J., Department of Physics, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Banda, E.J.K.B., Department of Physics, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda	Existing literature lacks information on formulation and performance assessment of diffuse solar radiation models in the Eastern African region yet this region has a high potential for the utilization of solar energy. The objective of this paper is to assess the performance of seventeen diffuse solar irradiation empirical correlations, at Kampala, Uganda. The best performing correlations were determined using the ranking method. The normalized absolute mean bias error and root mean square error were computed and utilized in the ranking process. The results indicated that the correlations relating diffuse transmittance (H̄d/H̄0) with relative sunshine duration (S̄/S̄0) are more reliable for diffuse solar radiation predictions at least in the Uganda environment. These models are expressed in terms of first, second and third order polynomials of the relative sunshine duration and are particularly recommended for their simplicity and worldwide applicability. © Springer-Verlag 2006.	None	correlation; empirical analysis; error analysis; numerical model; ranking; solar radiation; Africa; Central Province [Uganda]; East Africa; Kampala; Sub-Saharan Africa; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-48449089170	Simulation of West African monsoon using RegCM3 Part II: Impacts of deforestation and desertification	Abiodun B.J., Pal J.S., Afiesimama E.A., Gutowski W.J., Adedoyin A.	2008	Theoretical and Applied Climatology	93	04-Mar	10.1007/s00704-007-0333-1	Department of Meteorology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Earth System Physics Group, International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy; Department of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, Loyola Marymount University,	Abiodun, B.J., Department of Meteorology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria, Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State University, 3134 Agronomy Building, Ames, IA, United States; Pal, J.S., Earth System Physics Group, International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy, Department of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Afiesimama, E.A., WMO Regional Research and Training Institute, Lagos, Nigeria; Gutowski, W.J., Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State University, 3134 Agronomy Building, Ames, IA, United States; Adedoyin, A., Department of Physics, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana	In this study, we investigate the feedback mechanisms between land cover and the monsoon in West African using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model (RegCM3). A series of multi-year simulations are performed using reanalysis boundary conditions under three idealised vegetation states (potential, desertified and deforested). The study shows that both desertification and deforestation tend to increase the monsoon flow over the Guinean region, although the mechanisms for change are different in each case. Desertification increases the flow mainly by increasing the meridional temperature gradient. While this reduces rainfall over the desertification region, it increases rainfall to the south. On the other hand, deforestation increases the monsoon flow mainly due to the reduced surface friction experienced by the flow over the Guinean region. This reduces rainfall over the entire West African region. The study furthershows that desertification and deforestation also increase the speed and specific humidity of the mid-tropospheric easterly flow, to the south of the African easterly jet. Consequently, the flow transports more moisture away from the West Africa region at the expense of low-level moisture, resulting in less moisture available for rainfall over the region. Overall, this study suggests that the state of the biosphere in West Africa may play an important role in determining the characteristics of the monsoon and rainfall pattern. © Springer-Verlag 2007.	None	biosphere; boundary condition; deforestation; desertification; feedback mechanism; land cover; monsoon; rainfall; regional climate; relative humidity; temperature gradient; troposphere; Africa; Guinea; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856514457	Assessment of the performance of the drag and bulk transfer method in estimating sensible and latent heat fluxes in a tropical station	Adeniyi M.O., Ogunsola O.E.	2012	Theoretical and Applied Climatology	107	04-Mar	10.1007/s00704-011-0496-7	Department of Physics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Adeniyi, M.O., Department of Physics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ogunsola, O.E., Department of Physics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The performance of the general bulk formulation in estimating sensible heat flux at Nigerian Micrometeorological Experimental site was assessed. Reliable sensible heat flux was estimated with the use of accurate diurnal values of transfer coefficient of sensible heat. The performances of one α, two β and a modified α formulations in the estimation of latent heat flux were also assessed at the station. The Lee and Pielke (β), modified Kondo (α), Jacquemin and Noilhan (α) and Noilhan and Planton (β) parameterizations gave good estimation of latent heat flux. The coefficient of determination (R 2) of the models between measured and estimated values were greater than 0. 7. Low diurnal mean absolute error and root mean squared error values were found between measured and estimated fluxes. All the parameterizations gave reliable latent heat flux when diurnal values of transfer coefficients of moisture were used. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.	None	estimation method; latent heat flux; parameterization; performance assessment; reliability analysis; sensible heat flux; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867098042	Shifts in IOD and their impacts on association with East Africa rainfall	Manatsa D., Chipindu B., Behera S.K.	2012	Theoretical and Applied Climatology	110	42371	10.1007/s00704-012-0610-5	Department of Geography, Bindura University of Science, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Department of Ocean Technology, Policy, and Environment, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Research Institute for Global Change/JAMSTEC, Yokosuka, Japan; Department of Physics, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe	Manatsa, D., Department of Geography, Bindura University of Science, Bindura, Zimbabwe, Department of Ocean Technology, Policy, and Environment, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Chipindu, B., Department of Physics, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Behera, S.K., Department of Ocean Technology, Policy, and Environment, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Research Institute for Global Change/JAMSTEC, Yokosuka, Japan	The decadal shift in the relationship between the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and the East African rainfall is investigated using historical observational data. The climate system for equatorial East Africa (EEA) during the October to December (OND) 'short rains' season is characterised by spatiotemporal variations of the equatorial East African rainfall (EEAR). Therefore, the EEAR index is derived from the first principal component of the empirical orthogonal function analysis (EOF) of the EEA's rainfall domain. The IOD, which has been linked with the EEAR in the previous studies, is the main climate mode controlling the tropical Indian Ocean during the OND period. It is usually represented by a dipole mode index based on the zonal gradient of SST anomalies in the tropical Indian Ocean. Therefore the climate modes, IOD and EEAR, are assumed to form a two-node network of subsystems which primarily control the climate of equatorial East Africa during the OND period. The collective behaviour of these climate modes is investigated through the examination of their representative indices for the period 1901 to 2009 using simple statistical techniques. The results suggest that the interaction between these two climate modes, which comprise the network, is not predominantly linear as previously assumed, but is characterised by shifts which are determined by the coupling and synchronisation processes of the tropical systems. In cases where synchronisation is preceded by an abrupt increase in coupling strength between the two subsystems, the established synchronous state is destroyed and a new climate state emerges such as in the years 1961 and 1997. This alteration in the regional climate is accompanied by notable changes in the regional rainfall and IOD variations. But in those events where synchronisation is followed by a sudden loss in coupling strength, the climate state is not disturbed and no shift in the climate of equatorial East Africa is noticed as in 1918. This climate shift mechanism appears to be consistent with the theory of synchronised chaos and is useful for long range predictions of the East African short rains. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.	None	empirical analysis; principal component analysis; rainfall; regional climate; sea surface temperature; spatiotemporal analysis; temperature anomaly; tropical environment; East Africa; Indian Ocean	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867099092	Modeling the impacts of reforestation on future climate in West Africa	Abiodun B.J., Adeyewa Z.D., Oguntunde P.G., Salami A.T., Ajayi V.O.	2012	Theoretical and Applied Climatology	110	02-Jan	10.1007/s00704-012-0614-1	Climate System Analysis Group, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Meteorology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Engineering, Fed	Abiodun, B.J., Climate System Analysis Group, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Adeyewa, Z.D., Department of Meteorology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Oguntunde, P.G., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Salami, A.T., Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Ajayi, V.O., Department of Meteorology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	This study investigates the potential impacts of reforestation in West Africa on the projected regional climate in the near two decades (2031-2050) under the SRES A1B scenario. A regional climate model (RegCM3) forced with a global circulation model (ECHAM5) simulations was used for the study. The study evaluates the capability of the regional model in simulating the present-day climate over West Africa, projects the future climate over the region and investigates impacts of seven hypothetical reforestation options on the projected future climate. Three of these reforestation options assume zonal reforestation over West Africa (i. e., over the Sahel, Savanna and Guinea), while the other four assume random reforestation over Nigeria. With the elevated GHGs (A1B scenario), a warmer and drier climate is projected over West Africa in 2031-2050. The maximum warming (+2. 5°C) and drying (-2 mm day -1) occur in the western part of the Sahel because the West Africa Monsoon (WAM) flow is stronger and deflects the cool moist air more eastward, thereby lowering the warming and drying in the eastern part. In the simulations, reforestation reduces the projected warming and drying over the reforested zones but increases them outside the zones because it influences the northward progression of WAM in summer. It reduces the speed of the flow by weakening the temperature gradient that drives the flow and by increasing the surface drag on the flow over the reforested zone. Hence, in summer, the reforestation delays the onset of monsoon flow in transporting cool moist air over the area located downwind of the reforested zone, consequently enhancing the projected warming and drying over the area. The impact of reforesting Nigeria is not limited to the country; while it lowers the warming over part of the country (and over Togo), it increases the warming over Chad and Cameroon. This study, therefore, suggests that using reforestation to mitigate the projected future climate change in West Africa could have both positive and negative impacts on the regional climate, reducing temperature in some places and increasing it in others. Hence, reforestation in West Africa requires a mutual agreement among the West African nations because the impacts of reforestation do not recognize political boundaries. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.	None	air temperature; atmospheric circulation; climate change; climate modeling; greenhouse gas; monsoon; reforestation; regional climate; temperature gradient; Cameroon; Chad; Guinea; Nigeria; Sahel [Sub-Saharan Africa]; Togo	None
WoS	WOS:000313654400002	Impact of intimate partner violence on anxiety and depression amongst women in Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Adewuya, O. A.,Afolabi, O.,Akinsulore, A.,Aloba, O. O.,Makanjuola, R. O. A.,Mapayi, Boladale,Mosaku, S. K.	2013	ARCHIVES OF WOMENS MENTAL HEALTH	16	1	10.1007/s00737-012-0307-x	Obafemi Awolowo University, Lagos State Univ	"Afolabi, O.: Obafemi Awolowo University","Akinsulore, A.: Obafemi Awolowo University","Aloba, O. O.: Obafemi Awolowo University","Makanjuola, R. O. A.: Obafemi Awolowo University","Mapayi, Boladale: Obafemi Awolowo University","Mosaku, S. K.: Obafemi Awolowo University",	Research into intimate partner violence in the Nigerian environment has been limited. The objective of this study was to determine, amongst a sample of women attending the Enuwa Primary Health Care Center, Ile-Ife, the association between intimate partner violence and anxiety/depression. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 373 women who attended the antenatal clinic and welfare units of a primary health centre in Ile-Ife using the Composite Abuse Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and a socio-demographic scale as instruments. Slightly over a third (36.7 %) reported intimate partner violence within the past year, 5.6 % had anxiety and 15.5 % were depressed. Anxiety and depression in the respondents were significantly associated with intimate partner violence. Women were ten times more likely to report being depressed and 17 times more likely to report anxiety if they were in violent relationships. This research has shown that the magnitude of intimate partner violence within the study population is comparable to those found in the developing countries. There are significant associations between intimate partner violence, anxiety and depression amongst the study population and this fact undoubtedly has implications for the mental health of the Nigerian woman.	Anxiety,DEPRESSION,Ile-Ife,"intimate partner violence","PRIMARY HEALTH",ABUSE,ADULT,GENERAL-PRACTICE,HEALTH,"HOSPITAL ANXIETY",MENTAL-DISORDERS,POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS,PREVALENCE,SCALE,SOUTH-AFRICA	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903869313	Evaluation of the antiradical activity of hyperjovinol-A utilizing donor-acceptor maps	Alfaro R.A.D., Gomez-Sandoval Z., Mammino L.	2014	Journal of Molecular Modeling	20	7	10.1007/s00894-014-2337-y	Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Villa de Álvarez, Mexico; Department of Chemistry, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa	Alfaro, R.A.D., Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Villa de Álvarez, Mexico; Gomez-Sandoval, Z., Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Villa de Álvarez, Mexico; Mammino, L., Department of Chemistry, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa	Hyperjovinol-A ((2-methyl-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-(3-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloct- 6-enyl)phen yl)propan-1-one) is an acylated phloroglucinol isolated from Hypericum Jovis and exhibiting good antioxidant activity. The study investigates the compound's antiradical ability on the basis of the electron-donor and electron-acceptor abilities of its conformers, deriving donor and acceptor indexes and mapping them in terms of donor-acceptor maps (DAM). The DAMs of vitamins C and E and of carotene astaxantine are used as comparison references. Calculations were performed at the DFT/BPW91/6-311+G(d,p) level, with optimizations on fully relaxed geometries to obtain the conformers of the neutral molecule in vacuo, and single point calculations to obtain the energies of the cationic and anionic species in vacuo and of the neutral, cationic, and anionic species in water, ethanol, and pentylethanoate. The calculations in solution utilized the polarizable continuum model (PCM). The results indicate that hyperjovinol-A may have better antiradical activity than vitamin C. This is in agreement with experimental results, showing that the antioxidant activity of hyperjovinol-A is comparable with that of the best drugs currently in clinical use. The activity is maintained in solution. The Fukui function f - was also calculated for all the conformers of hyperjovinol-A, to identify the regions of highest reactivity. © 2014 Springer-Verlag.	Acylphloroglucinols; Antioxidants; Antiradical activity; Donor-acceptor maps; Fukui functions; Hyperjovinol-A; Polyphenolic compounds	alcohol; anion; ascorbic acid; carotene; carotene astaxantine; cation; hyperjovinol A; phenol derivative; phloroglucinol derivative; unclassified drug; vitamin D; water; alpha tocopherol; ascorbic acid; carotenoid; free radical; hyperjovinol A; phloroglucinol; scavenger; antioxidant activity; antiradical activity donor-acceptor; article; controlled study; electron; geometry; Hypericum; Hypericum jovis; ionization; model; polarizable continuum model; priority journal; reaction analysis; analogs and derivatives; chemical structure; chemistry; comparative study; computer simulation; solubility; structure activity relation; Hypericum jovis; Ascorbic Acid; Carotenoids; Computer Simulation; Free Radical Scavengers; Free Radicals; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Phloroglucinol; Solubility; Structure-Activity Relationship; Vitamin E	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-58149117661	Evaluation and treatment of oral candidiasis in HIV/AIDS patients in Enugu, Nigeria	Oji C., Chukwuneke F.	2008	Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery	12	2	10.1007/s10006-008-0106-8	Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria	Oji, C., Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Chukwuneke, F., Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria	Introduction: Oral candidiasis is one of the common diseases seen in HIV/ AIDS patients. It is rare if CD4+ cell counts are above 500 μl. Outbreaks are more common as the count drops to 100 μl. It may be more difficult to treat when CD4+ cell counts fall below 50 μl. Materials and methods: A retrospective review of 112 HIV/AIDS patients with lesions in the mouth, head, and neck seen at the oral and maxillofacial surgery units of two public hospitals in eastern Nigeria was carried out between 2000 and 2003. The focus was on oral candidiasis patients. Twenty-nine of these patients, made up of 11 males and 18 females, had oral candidiasis. To compare the action of two drugs, namely, nystatin (a topical antifungal drug) and ketoconazole (a systemic antifungal drug), we treated 15 of the patients with nystatin in the first 2 years and the remaining 14 with ketoconazole in the following 2 years. Results and discussion: Amongst the 15 patients treated with topical drugs, 7 (46.7%) had complete remission, 2 (13.3%) had partial response, 4 (26.7%) remained stationary, and 2 (13.3%) died. Out of the 14 cases treated with systemic drugs, 11 (78.6%) had complete remission, 2 (14.3%) had partial response, and 1 (7.1%) died. © Springer-Verlag 2008.	Enugu; Evaluation; Nigeria; Oral candidiasis in HIV/AIDS; Treatment	antifungal agent; ketoconazole; mouthwash; nystatin; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adolescent; adult; aged; AIDS related complex; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; clinical trial; comparative study; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immune deficiency; male; middle aged; thrush; topical drug administration; treatment outcome; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Administration, Topical; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Oral; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Female; HIV Infections; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Ketoconazole; Male; Middle Aged; Mouthwashes; Nystatin; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879841426	Surfacial carbonized palygorskite as support for high-performance Pt-based electrocatalysts	Wang H., Luo R., Liao S., Key J., Ji S., Wang R.	2013	Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry	17	7	10.1007/s10008-013-2029-z	Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Guangdong Key Lab for Fuel Cell Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535 Cape Town, South Africa	Wang, H., Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Luo, R., Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Liao, S., Guangdong Key Lab for Fuel Cell Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Key, J., South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535 Cape Town, South Africa; Ji, S., South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535 Cape Town, South Africa; Wang, R., Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China	Pt nanoparticles deposited on a low-cost, surfacial, carbonized palygorskite (Pt/C-PLS) prepared by carbonizing sucrose were evaluated as a methanol oxidation catalyst for direct methanol fuel cells. Transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transfrom infrared spectrophotometry analyses revealed that carbon was formed on the surface of PLS and that free silica presented in the C-PLS support. The catalytic activity of methanol oxidation of Pt/C-PLS was higher than that of Pt/C, and the former catalyst had better CO tolerance. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Carbonization; Fuel cell; Methanol oxidation; Palygorskite; Pt nanoparticle	CO tolerance; Fourier; Free silicas; Infrared spectrophotometry; Methanol Oxidation; Palygorskites; Pt nanoparticles; Pt-based electrocatalyst; Carbonization; Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC); Electrocatalysts; Fuel cells; Methanol; Nanoparticles; Oxidation; Platinum; Transmission electron microscopy; Platinum alloys	20110490847, NSF, National Science Foundation; 2012 T50587, NSF, National Science Foundation of Science and Technology
Scopus	2-s2.0-43149102054	Ecological engineering by a mega-grazer: White Rhino impacts on a south African savanna	Waldram M.S., Bond W.J., Stock W.D.	2008	Ecosystems	11	1	10.1007/s10021-007-9109-9	Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa; Centre for Ecosystem Management, Edith Cowan University, 100 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia	Waldram, M.S., Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa; Bond, W.J., Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa; Stock, W.D., Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa, Centre for Ecosystem Management, Edith Cowan University, 100 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia	Herbivory can change the structure and spatial heterogeneity of vegetation. We ask whether all species of grazers in a savanna ecosystem can have this effect or whether megaherbivores (>1000 kg) have a 'special' role that cannot be replicated by other species of grazers. We performed a replicated landscape scale experiment that examined the effects of White Rhino on the grass sward, on other species of grazing mammals and on the movement of fire through the landscape. White Rhino maintained short grass ('lawn') patches in mesic areas (∼750 mm pa) with increases in grass sward height when they were removed. Other species of grazers were unable to maintain short grass communities when White Rhino were removed. In semi-arid areas (∼600 mm pa) other, smaller grazers were able to maintain short grass communities in the absence of White Rhino and sward height did not increase. White Rhino removals affected fire by increasing fuel loads and fuel continuity. This resulted in larger, less patchy fires. We propose that the White Rhino acts as an influential ecosystem engineer, creating and maintaining short grass swards, which alter habitat for other grazers and change the fire regime. These results indicate the existence of context-dependent facilitation between White Rhino and other grazers in mesic, but not in semi-arid, savannas. Such top down effects on the ecosystem may have been much more widespread before the extinction of large grazers in the Pleistocene. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Ecosystem engineers; Facilitation; Fire; Grazing; Keystone species; Megaherbivores; Pleistocene extinctions; Savanna; White Rhino	ecosystem engineering; experimental study; extinction; grass; grazing; herbivory; keystone species; Pleistocene; savanna; ungulate; wildfire; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Mammalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-81555205837	Relative Impacts of Elephant and Fire on Large Trees in a Savanna Ecosystem	Shannon G., Thaker M., Vanak A.T., Page B.R., Grant R., Slotow R.	2011	Ecosystems	14	8	10.1007/s10021-011-9485-z	Amarula Elephant Research Programme, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Pvt. Bag 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Scientific Services, Kruger National Park, Box 106, Skukuza 1350, South Africa	Shannon, G., Amarula Elephant Research Programme, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Pvt. Bag 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Thaker, M., Amarula Elephant Research Programme, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Pvt. Bag 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Vanak, A.T., Amarula Elephant Research Programme, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Pvt. Bag 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Page, B.R., Amarula Elephant Research Programme, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Pvt. Bag 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Grant, R., Scientific Services, Kruger National Park, Box 106, Skukuza 1350, South Africa; Slotow, R., Amarula Elephant Research Programme, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Pvt. Bag 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	Elephant and fire are considered to be among the most important agents that can modify the African savanna ecosystem. Although the synergistic relationship between these two key ecological drivers is well documented, it has proved much more difficult to establish the relative effects they have on savanna vegetation structure at a fine-scale over time. In this study, we explore the comparative impacts of fire and elephant on 2,522 individually identified large trees (≥5 m in height) in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Data were collected from 21 transects first surveyed in April 2006 and resurveyed in November 2008, to determine the relative importance of past damage by these agents on subsequent impacts and mortality. The occurrence of fire or elephant damage in 2006 affected the amount of tree volume subsequently removed by both these agents; elephant removed more tree volume from previously burned trees and the impact of subsequent fire was higher on previously burned or elephant-utilized trees than on undamaged trees. Mortality was also affected by an interaction between previous and recent damage, as the probability of mortality was highest for trees that suffered from fire or elephant utilization after being pushed over. Subsequent fire damage, but not elephant utilization, on debarked trees also increased the probability of mortality. Mortality was twice (4. 6% per annum) that of trees progressing into the ≥5 m height class, suggesting an overall decline in large tree density during the 30-month study period. The responses of large trees were species and landscape-specific in terms of sensitivity to elephant and fire impacts, as well as for levels of mortality and progression into the ≥5 m height class. These results emphasize the need for fine-scale site-specific knowledge for effective landscape level understanding of savanna dynamics. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	ecological drivers; elephant; fire; herbivory; savanna management; tree survival; vegetation dynamics; woody species	biological invasion; elephant; forest fire; habitat management; herbivory; mortality; population decline; probability; savanna; sensitivity analysis; spatiotemporal analysis; survival; synergism; transect; volume; woody plant; Kruger National Park; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79961075749	Evaluation of geologic and geomorphologic influences on borehole productivity in crystalline bedrock aquifers of Limpopo Province, South Africa	Holland M., Witthüser K.T.	2011	Hydrogeology Journal	19	5	10.1007/s10040-011-0730-5	Department of Geology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Institute for Groundwater Studies, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Holland, M., Department of Geology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Witthüser, K.T., Institute for Groundwater Studies, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Geologically complex crystalline aquifers underlie large parts of the semi-arid Limpopo Province where some of the greatest groundwater needs in South Africa occur. It is important to identify potentially high-yielding zones that can be targeted for water supply. The study covered four distinct geologic and morpho-structural domains within Limpopo Province, together covering about 23,500 km 2. Results from over 2,500 pumping test analyses indicate that bedrock type (e. g. pegmatite), lithological setting (e.g. aureole of granitoids), proximity and orientation of dykes and lineaments, topographic setting (e.g. slopes or valleys) and proximity of surface-water drainages may exert an influence on borehole productivity. No correlation between borehole productivity and weathering depth was found. Lineaments and dykes striking perpendicular to the current maximum horizontal stress seem to be more favourable targets, which is inconsistent with the predicted regime. Due to the complex geologic history, it is difficult to link open discontinuities to a distinct recent or past tectonic event. Regional stress-field data, as in this case, may not account for local, possibly highly significant, stress-field variations. The hydrogeologic importance of several factors related to groundwater occurrence, here presented, can be used as a working reference for future groundwater development programmes. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.	Crystalline rocks; Groundwater development; Lineaments; South Africa; Transmissivity	aquifer; bedrock; borehole; crystallinity; geological survey; geomorphological response; groundwater resource; hydrogeology; lithology; morphostructure; resource development; semiarid region; topographic effect; water supply; Limpopo; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922091077	Spatial analysis of groundwater potential using remote sensing and GIS-based multi-criteria evaluation in Raya Valley, northern Ethiopia [Analyse spatiale du potentiel d’eau souterraine à l’aide d’images satellites et d’évaluation multicritères à partir d	Fenta A.A., Kifle A., Gebreyohannes T., Hailu G.	2014	Hydrogeology Journal	23	1	10.1007/s10040-014-1198-x	College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Dept. of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Institute of Geo-information and Earth Observation Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Dept. of Earth Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia	Fenta, A.A., College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Dept. of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Kifle, A., Institute of Geo-information and Earth Observation Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Gebreyohannes, T., College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Dept. of Earth Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Hailu, G., Institute of Geo-information and Earth Observation Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia	Sustainable development and management of groundwater resources require application of scientific principles and modern techniques. An integrated approach is implemented using remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS)-based multi-criteria evaluation to identify promising areas for groundwater exploration in Raya Valley, northern Ethiopia. The thematic layers considered are lithology, lineament density, geomorphology, slope, drainage density, rainfall and land use/cover. The corresponding normalized rates for the classes in a layer and weights for thematic layers are computed using Saaty’s analytical hierarchy process. Based on the computed rates and weights, aggregating the thematic maps is done using a weighted linear combination method to obtain a groundwater potential (GP) map. The GP map is verified by overlay analysis with observed borehole yield data. Map-removal and single-parameter sensitivity analyses are used to examine the effects of removing any of the thematic layers on the GP map and to compute effective weights, respectively. About 770 km2 (28 % of the study area) is designated as ‘very good’ GP. ‘Good’, ‘moderate’ and ‘poor’ GP areas cover 630 km2 (23 %), 600 km2 (22 %) and 690 km2 (25 %), respectively; the area with ‘very poor’ GP covers 55 km2 (2 %). Verification of the GP map against observed borehole yield data shows 74 % agreement, which is fairly satisfactory. The sensitivity analyses reveal the GP map is most sensitive to lithology with a mean variation index of 6.5 %, and lithology is the most effective thematic layer in GP mapping with mean effective weight of 52 %. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Ethiopia; Geographic information systems; Groundwater potential; Multi-criteria evaluation; Remote sensing	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-59749104398	Geophysical and hydrogeological evaluation of rising groundwater level in the coastal areas of Lagos, Nigeria	Oyedele K.F., Ayolabi E.A., Adeoti L., Adegbola R.B.	2009	Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment	68	1	10.1007/s10064-008-0182-x	Department of Physics, Geophysics Programme, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Oyedele, K.F., Department of Physics, Geophysics Programme, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Ayolabi, E.A., Department of Physics, Geophysics Programme, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Adeoti, L., Department of Physics, Geophysics Programme, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Adegbola, R.B., Department of Physics, Geophysics Programme, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	The paper reports the change in groundwater level observed in 30 wells in ten locations in southern Nigeria. Borehole data confirmed the electrical resistivity soundings which indicated the presence of topsoil, medium sand, sand, clayey sand and coarse sand. In some cases, there was little apparent change in the rate of groundwater rise, but from the data obtained it can be concluded that in the years 2000-2004 the average yearly rise was 0.3 m while between 2004 and 2007 it rose on average by 0.5 m. This rise in groundwater level has serious implications for both existing structures and the nature of the foundations for future building. The electrical resistivity survey was found to be a helpful tool in detailing the morphology of the groundwater surface and is recommended for ongoing monitoring. © Springer-Verlag 2008.	Coastal aquifers; Electrical soundings; Geoelectric sections; Groundwater level	Aquifers; Coastal zones; Electric resistance; Groundwater; Groundwater resources; Sand; Underground reservoirs; Clayey sands; Coastal aquifers; Coastal areas; Electrical resistivities; Electrical soundings; Existing structures; Geoelectric sections; Groundwater level; Hydrogeological; On-going monitoring; Hydrogeology; borehole geophysics; coastal aquifer; electrical resistivity; groundwater; hydrogeology; vertical electrical sounding; Africa; Lagos [Nigeria]; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960845624	Evaluation of groundwater resources in the Geba basin, Ethiopia	Tesfagiorgis K., Gebreyohannes T., De Smedt F., Moeyersons J., Hagos M., Nyssen J., Deckers J.	2011	Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment	70	3	10.1007/s10064-010-0338-3	Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; NOAA-CREST Center, City College of New York, T-107 Steinman Hall, 140th St. and Convent Ave., New York, NY 10031, United States; Mekelle University, PO Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Royal Museum for Central Africa, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium; Department of Geography, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Division for Land and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001 Leuven, Belgium	Tesfagiorgis, K., Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium, NOAA-CREST Center, City College of New York, T-107 Steinman Hall, 140th St. and Convent Ave., New York, NY 10031, United States; Gebreyohannes, T., Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium, Mekelle University, PO Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; De Smedt, F., Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Moeyersons, J., Royal Museum for Central Africa, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium; Hagos, M., Mekelle University, PO Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Nyssen, J., Department of Geography, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Deckers, J., Division for Land and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001 Leuven, Belgium	This article presents an assessment of the groundwater resources in the Geba basin, Ethiopia. Hydrogeological characteristics are derived from a combination of GIS and field survey data. MODFLOW groundwater model in a PMWIN environment is used to simulate the movement and distribution of groundwater in the basin. Despite the limited data available, by simplifying the model as a single layered semi-confined groundwater system and by optimising the transmissivity of the different lithological units, a realistic description of the groundwater flow is obtained. It is concluded that 30,000 m3/day of groundwater can be abstracted from the Geba basin for irrigation in a sustainable way, in locations characterised by shallow groundwater in combination with aquitard-type lithological units. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.	Ethiopia; Geba basin; Groundwater modelling; Transmissivity	Ethiopia; Field surveys; Geba basin; Groundwater modelling; Groundwater models; Groundwater system; Hydrogeological characteristics; Limited data; MODFLOW; Shallow groundwater; Transmissivity; Aquifers; Groundwater flow; Lithology; Groundwater resources; aquitard; computer simulation; field survey; flow modeling; GIS; groundwater abstraction; groundwater flow; groundwater resource; hydrological modeling; resource assessment; Ethiopia; Geba Basin	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891160427	Performance of pyroclastic rocks from Abakaliki Metropolis (southeastern Nigeria) in road construction projects	Okogbue C.O., Aghamelu O.P.	2013	Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment	72	04-Mar	10.1007/s10064-013-0489-0	Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Geology and Exploration Geophysics, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria	Okogbue, C.O., Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Aghamelu, O.P., Department of Geology and Exploration Geophysics, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria	A total of 15 samples from the Abakaliki pyroclastic rock bodies were subjected to petrographic and mechanical analyses to determine the suitability of the rock type as a road aggregate. Results indicate that the Abakaliki pyroclastic rock yield aggregates with marginal performance in road projects. Although the aggregates meet a number of road stone requirements (i.e., ten percent fines and their ability to absorb water), they fail to meet other key road stone requirements. Whilst their aggregate impact values, Los Angeles abrasion values, and flakiness index are generally above the recommended limits, petrographic analyses reveal appreciable amounts of shaley to muddy lithic fragment and volcanic glassy groundmass. These detrimental constituents and marginal laboratory test results would likely translate to long term poor field performance where the pyroclastic aggregate is used for road construction. This study suggests that utilization of the Abakaliki pyroclastic rock as an aggregate, especially for road construction, requires informed caution, particularly when the material is exposed to climatic extremes (high volume of rainfall and high and fluctuating temperature) as is the case in the tropics. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Abakaliki; Field performance; Geotechnical property; Petrographic analysis; Pyroclastic rock; Road aggregate	Abakaliki; Field performance; Geotechnical properties; Petrographic analysis; Pyroclastic rocks; Road construction; Roads and streets; Rocks; Aggregates; aggregate; geotechnical property; petrography; pyroclastic deposit; road construction; rock mechanics; Abakaliki; California; Ebonyi; Los Angeles [California]; Nigeria; United States	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78349305507	Does plot size affect the performance of GIS-based species distribution models?	Pandit S.N., Hayward A., de Leeuw J., Kolasa J.	2010	Journal of Geographical Systems	12	4	10.1007/s10109-010-0106-8	ITC, International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, P. O. Box 6, 7500AA Enschede, Netherlands; Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, ON L8S4K1, Canada; Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1350 Oxford St, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Florida, P. O. Box 118525, Gainesville, FL, United States; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P. O. Box 30709, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada	Pandit, S.N., ITC, International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, P. O. Box 6, 7500AA Enschede, Netherlands, Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, ON L8S4K1, Canada, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada; Hayward, A., Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1350 Oxford St, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada, Department of Biology, University of Florida, P. O. Box 118525, Gainesville, FL, United States; de Leeuw, J., ITC, International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, P. O. Box 6, 7500AA Enschede, Netherlands, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P. O. Box 30709, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Kolasa, J., Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, ON L8S4K1, Canada	Species distribution models are used extensively in predicting the distribution of vegetation across a landscape. Accuracy of the species distribution maps produced by these models deserves attention, since low accuracy maps may lead to erroneous conservation decisions. While plot size is known to influence measures of species richness, its effect on our ability to predict species distribution ranges has not been tested. Our aim is to test whether the accuracy of the distribution maps produced depend on the size of the plot (quadrat) used to collect biological data in the field. In this study, the presences of four plant species were recorded in five sizes of circular plots, with radii ranging from 8 to 100 m. Logistic regression-based models were used to predict the distributions of the four plant species based on empirical evidence of their relationship with eight environmental predictors: distance to river, slope, aspect, altitude, and four principle component axes derived using reflectance values from Aster images. We found that plot size affected the probability of recording the four species, with reductions in plot size generally increasing the frequency of recorded absences. Plot size also significantly affected the likelihood of correctly predicting the distribution of species whenever plot size was below the minimum size required to consistently record species' presence. Furthermore, the optimal plot size for fitting species distribution models varied among species. Finally, plot size had little impact on overall accuracy, but a strong, positive impact on Kappa accuracy (which provides a stronger measure of model accuracy by accounting for the effects of chance agreements between predictions and observations). Our results suggest that optimal plot size must be considered explicitly in the creation of species distribution models if they are to be successfully adopted into conservation efforts. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.	Kappa; Logistic regression models; Map accuracy; Namibia; Species distribution; Species frequency curve	environmental factor; GIS; mapping; numerical model; regression analysis; spatial distribution; species richness; vegetation; Namibia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925503480	Task disengagement and implications for vigilance performance in CCTV surveillance	Donald F.M., Donald C.H.M.	2014	Cognition, Technology and Work	17	1	10.1007/s10111-014-0309-8	University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia; Leaderware, Sandton, South Africa	Donald, F.M., University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Donald, C.H.M., Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia, Leaderware, Sandton, South Africa	This research examines the relationship between behavioural indicators of task disengagement and vigilance performance for closed-circuit television (CCTV) surveillance operators and novices in a proactive real-world detection task. Seventy-three participants (42 CCTV operators and 31 novices) performed a 90-min CCTV video surveillance task based on asset protection footage in a heavy industry. The study showed a range of individualised responses in managing attention resources in order to deal with vigilance demands. Alternating fluctuations between task engagement and disengagement were found for the majority of participants, indicating efforts to manage attention resources and cope with vigilance demands. Almost a quarter of the sample disengaged during the first 30 min, but a third showed no behavioural indicators of disengagement during the task. Different results were obtained for participants with different types of work exposure (novices and operators from either ‘generalist’ or ‘specialist’ CCTV surveillance operations). Task disengagement was associated with lower detection rates. The implications of task engagement theory and behavioural indictors of task disengagement for the measurement and management of vigilance performance are discussed. © 2014, Springer-Verlag London.	Closed-circuit television (CCTV); Monitoring; Operator performance; Task disengagement; Vigilance	Monitoring; CCTV surveillance; Closed-circuit television (CCTV); Heavy industries; Operator performance; Task disengagement; Video surveillance; Vigilance; Vigilance performance; Security systems	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953020195	Strategic assessment of the magnitude and impacts of sand mining in Poyang Lake, China	de Leeuw J., Shankman D., Wu G., de Boer W.F., Burnham J., He Q., Yesou H., Xiao J.	2010	Regional Environmental Change	10	2	10.1007/s10113-009-0096-6	International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), P.O. Box 6, 7500 AA Enschede, Netherlands; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Geography, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0322, United States; School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, 430079 Wuhan, China; Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands; International Crane Foundation, P.O. Box 447, Baraboo, WI 53913, United States; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, Shanghai 200062, China; SERTIT, Strasbourg University, Pole API, Boulevard Sebastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch, France	de Leeuw, J., International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), P.O. Box 6, 7500 AA Enschede, Netherlands, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya; Shankman, D., Department of Geography, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0322, United States; Wu, G., School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, 430079 Wuhan, China; de Boer, W.F., Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands; Burnham, J., International Crane Foundation, P.O. Box 447, Baraboo, WI 53913, United States; He, Q., State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, Shanghai 200062, China; Yesou, H., SERTIT, Strasbourg University, Pole API, Boulevard Sebastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch, France; Xiao, J., International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), P.O. Box 6, 7500 AA Enschede, Netherlands, School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, 430079 Wuhan, China	Planning for the extraction of aggregates is typically dealt with at a case to case basis, without assessing environmental impacts strategically. In this study we assess the impact of sand mining in Poyang Lake, where dredging began in 2001 after sand mining in the Yangtze River had been banned. In April 2008 concern over the impact on the biodiversity led to a ban on sand mining in Poyang Lake until further plans could be developed. Planning will require consideration of both sand extraction in relation to available sediment resources and also environmental impacts within the context of future demand for sand in the lower Yangtze Valley. We used pairs of near-infrared (NIR) Aster satellite imagery to estimate the number of vessels leaving the lake. Based on this we calculated a rate of sand extraction of 236 million m3 year-1 in 2005-2006. This corresponds to 9% of the total Chinese demand for sand. It qualifies Poyang Lake as probably the largest sand mining operation in the world. It also indicates that sand extraction currently dominates the sediment balance of the lower Yangtze River. A positive relation between demand for sand and GDP, revealed by historic data from the USA, suggests that the current per capita demand for sand in China might increase in the near future from 2 to 4 m3 year-1. We review various environmental impacts and question whether it will be possible to preserve the rich biodiversity of the lake, while continuing at the same time satisfying the increasing Chinese demand for sand. Finally we review alternative options for sand mining, in order to relieve the pressure from the Poyang Lake ecosystem. © 2009 Springer-Verlag.	Biodiversity; Environmental impact; Hydrology; Sand mining; Sediment balance	None	None
None	None	Evaluating land cover change and its impact on hydrological regime in Upper Shire river catchment, Malawi	Palamuleni L.G., Ndomba P.M., Annegarn H.J.	2011	Regional Environmental Change	11	4	10.1007/s10113-011-0220-2	North West University, Mmabatho, South Africa; University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa	Palamuleni, L.G., North West University, Mmabatho, South Africa; Ndomba, P.M., University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Annegarn, H.J., University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa	A study was conducted to investigate hydrological impacts of land cover changes in the degradation of the hydrological on flow regimes of the Upper Shire river, Malawi. Remote sensing techniques were used to inventory temporal changes of land cover changes in the catchment. Hydrological data were analyzed to reveal the alterations and trends for two periods; 1989 and 2002. The study revealed significant changes in magnitude and direction that have occurred in the catchment between 1989 and 2002, mainly in areas of human habitation. Trends in land cover change in the Upper Shire river catchment depict land cover transition from woodlands to mostly cultivated/grazing and built-up areas. The land cover mapping showed that 23% of the land was covered by agricultural land in 1989. Subsistence agricultural area has increased by 18%, occupying 41% of the study area in 2002. The effects of the derived land cover changes on river flow in the Upper Shire river were investigated using the semi distributed soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model. River flows were found to be highly variable and sensitive to land cover changes. Simulation results show that 2002 land cover data produces higher flow peaks and faster travel times compared to the 1989 land cover data. The changes detected indicate the effects of land use pressure in the catchment. The study highlights the importance of considering effects of land use and land cover changes on ecosystems, and water resources for an informed decision on proper catchment planning and management. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.	Hydrological regimes; Land cover change; Malawi; Mass curves; Shire River	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856973712	The impacts of herbivory on vegetation in Moremi Game Reserve, Botswana: 1967-2001	Hamandawana H.	2012	Regional Environmental Change	12	1	10.1007/s10113-011-0230-0	Agricultural Research Council, Institute for Soil, Water and Climate, PB X79, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Hamandawana, H., Agricultural Research Council, Institute for Soil, Water and Climate, PB X79, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Browsing and grazing pressure on vegetation in the Moremi Game Reserve in Botswana was analyzed using remotely sensed imagery comprising CORONA photographs of 1967 and Landsat TM and Landsat ETM imagery of 1989 and 1994 and 2001, respectively. Comparison of temporal variations in the spatial distributions of different vegetation types and changes in the abundance of selected wildlife species demonstrate a persistent decrease in capacity of the environment to support wild animals, due to increasing abundance of poorly preferred browse species and increasing scarcity of favored varieties. Given the long-term direction of change showing continued deterioration of habitat conditions and the limited prospects for reversal of this trend, it is apparent that there is immediate need to realign wildlife management strategies in ways that can enhance the sustainability of wildlife and the supporting environment. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.	Preferred browse; Vegetation response; Wildlife management	Animalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897839766	Land-use change and its socio-environmental impact in Eastern Ethiopia's highland	Meshesha D.T., Tsunekawa A., Tsubo M., Ali S.A., Haregeweyn N.	2014	Regional Environmental Change	14	2	10.1007/s10113-013-0535-2	Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan; Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 UP, India; Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, Tigray, P.O. Box 231, Mek'ele, Ethiopia; Institutes for Soil, Climate and Water, Agricultural Research Council, 600 Belvedere Street, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0083, South Africa	Meshesha, D.T., Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan; Tsunekawa, A., Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan; Tsubo, M., Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan, Institutes for Soil, Climate and Water, Agricultural Research Council, 600 Belvedere Street, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0083, South Africa; Ali, S.A., Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 UP, India; Haregeweyn, N., Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan, Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, Tigray, P.O. Box 231, Mek'ele, Ethiopia	The Alemaya district (Eastern Ethiopian highlands) is characterized by undulating physiographic features with arid, semi-arid, and humid climatic conditions. This study evaluated socio-environmental changes in land use and land cover during 1985-2011. Screen digitization on remotely sensed data (i.e., Landsat images from 1985 to 2011) was performed to produce 10 classes of land use and land cover. Then, final land-use maps were prepared using a geographic information system following field verification and accuracy assessment. The drying of water bodies, including the prominent lakes Alemaya, Adele, and Tinike, had been the most important environmental change observed. Degraded land, marsh, perennial cropland, and residential areas increased by 37, 438, 42, and 190 %, respectively, whereas grassland, plantation, shrubland, and temporal cropland decreased by 64, 11, 63, and 29 %, respectively. The increase in land degradation (+37 %), the other major observed problem, has made large areas unsuitable for agriculture and has reduced crop productivity. These land-use and land-cover changes have affected both the environment and the livelihoods of local residents; especially the issue related to land degradation requires urgent attention. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Alemaya; Image classification; Lake retreat; Land degradation; Land-use change; Satellite image	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937817165	Impact of predicted changes in rainfall and atmospheric carbon dioxide on maize and wheat yields in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia	Muluneh A., Biazin B., Stroosnijder L., Bewket W., Keesstra S.	2015	Regional Environmental Change	15	6	10.1007/s10113-014-0685-x	Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen, Netherlands; School of Biosystems and Environmental Engineering, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia; International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 150372, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Muluneh, A., Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen, Netherlands, School of Biosystems and Environmental Engineering, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Biazin, B., International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Stroosnijder, L., Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen, Netherlands; Bewket, W., Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 150372, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Keesstra, S., Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen, Netherlands	This study assesses potential impacts of climate change on maize and wheat yields in the Central Rift Valley (CRV) of Ethiopia. We considered effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO<inf>2</inf>) and changes in rainfall during the main (Kiremt) and the short (Belg) rainfall cropping seasons during the two future periods (2020–2049 and 2066–2095). The MarkSimGCM daily weather generator was used to generate projected rainfall and temperature data using the outputs from ECHAM5 general circulation model and ensemble mean of six models under A2 (high) and B1 (low) emission scenarios. Crop yield simulations were made with the FAO’s AquaCrop model. The projected rainfall during Kiremt increases by 12–69 % while rainfall during Belg decreases by 20–68 %. The combined effect of elevated CO<inf>2</inf> and projected climate factors increases maize yield by up to 59 % in sub-humid/humid areas of the CRV, but could result in a decrease of up to 46 % in the semiarid areas under ECHAM5 model. However, the maize yield increases in all parts of the CRV under the ensemble mean of models. Wheat yield shows no significant response to the projected rainfall changes, but increases by up to 40 % due to elevated CO<inf>2</inf>. Our results generally suggest that climate change will increase crop yields in the sub-humid/humid regions of the CRV. However, in the semi-arid parts the overall projected climate change will affect crop yields negatively. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Belg; Climate change; Crop yield; Elevated CO<inf>2</inf>; Kiremt; Rainfall	Cowbone Ridge virus; Triticum aestivum; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-41049094176	Assessment of the impact of irrigation with low-quality mine water on virgin and rehabilitated soils in the upper olifants basin	Idowu O.A., Lorentz S.A., Annandale J.G., McCartney M.P., Jovanovic N.Z.	2008	Mine Water and the Environment	27	1	10.1007/s10230-007-0010-8	Department of Water Resources Management and Agrometeorology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; School of Bioresources, Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 002, South Africa; International Water Management Institute Sub-Regional Office, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa	Idowu, O.A., Department of Water Resources Management and Agrometeorology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Lorentz, S.A., School of Bioresources, Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Annandale, J.G., Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 002, South Africa; McCartney, M.P., International Water Management Institute Sub-Regional Office, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Jovanovic, N.Z., Department of Earth Sciences, University of Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa	Low-quality mine water from collieries may be used in large quantities to irrigate agricultural crops on virgin (unmined) and rehabilitated soils in South Africa. Such a use could enhance crop production and allow environmentally sustainable mine water disposal. In this study, the volume and qualities of the runoff from two centre pivots irrigated with moderately saline mine water, as well as their soil water salinities, were monitored and used to determine water and salt balances, using the modified ACRU agrohydrological model, ACRU2000, and its salinity module, ACRUSalinity. At both sites, much of the water evaporated, while a significant part of the salt input either precipitated or remained with the water in the soil horizons. A higher percentage of drainage water (and salinity) were retained as ground water storage and a lower percentage of runoff occurred in the rehabilitated sandy loam soil, while a higher percentage of salts accompanied runoff in the virgin clayey soils. Simulated salt saturation values indicate that many crops could be successfully irrigated at 100% yield potential at either site. Electrical resistivity surveys were carried out at both sites. A general decrease in resistivities with depth in both the virgin and rehabilitated soils reflected the decreasing influence of the mine water used for irrigation with depth and the precipitation of salts in the soils close to the ground surface. The occurrence of a thicker, low-resistivity, near-surface layer near the exit of each pivot area indicates that the water and salt content of the subsurface increased in the direction that the surface and near-surface irrigation water flowed. © 2007 Springer-Verlag.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-61449209745	The combined impact of mine drainage in the Ankobra River Basin, SW Ghana	Akabzaa T.M., Jamieson H.E., Jorgenson N., Nyame K.	2009	Mine Water and the Environment	28	1	10.1007/s10230-008-0057-1	Department of Geology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Geology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark	Akabzaa, T.M., Department of Geology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Jamieson, H.E., Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Jorgenson, N., Department of Geology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Nyame, K., Department of Geology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana	This study assessed the combined effects of seven large-scale gold mines, one manganese mine, and scattered artisanal gold mining sites on the quality of water in the Ankobra Basin in a geologically complex terrain. Water samples from streams, boreholes, hand dug wells, and mine spoil were analysed. Scatter plots of trends among measured parameters were used to assess drainage quality and differential impacts. Drainage quality exhibits wide seasonal and spatial variations; the geology strongly influences the water chemistry. Areas with low pH (&lt;5.5), and high sulphate ions and trace ions are suggestive of acid mine drainage while sites with high pH (&gt;7.5), HCO3 -, subdued SO4 2-, and high trace ions are suggestive of sites where acid neutralization is effective. High metal sources are largely confined to mining operations in the Birimian formation with ores containing more than 2% sulphides. However, restricted high metal regimes are observed in drainage in the Tarkwaian formation associated with scatted sulphide-bearing dolerite dykes in the operational areas of the Tarkwa and Damang mines. Earlier studies disputed sulphides in the Tarkwaian formation until recently, when acid-generating dykes were discovered in operating pits. The most degraded waters emanate from the Prestea and Iduapriem mines, and to a lesser extent, the Nsuta mine sites, all mining Birimian rocks. The Tarkwa mine showed minimal metal loading. Zn, Cu, Ni, As, SO4, pH, and specific conductance are essential and adequate parameters in determining if acid drainage is taking place at these sites, and are recommended for routine mine environmental monitoring.	Ankobra River; Drainage; Ghana; Mine; Water	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905105788	Expression and evaluation of enzymes required for the hydrolysis of galactomannan	Malherbe A.R., Rose S.H., Viljoen-Bloom M., Van Zyl W.H.	2014	Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology	41	8	10.1007/s10295-014-1459-7	Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Malherbe, A.R., Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Rose, S.H., Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Viljoen-Bloom, M., Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Van Zyl, W.H., Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	The cost-effective production of bioethanol from lignocellulose requires the complete conversion of plant biomass, which contains up to 30 % mannan. To ensure utilisation of galactomannan during consolidated bioprocessing, heterologous production of mannan-degrading enzymes in fungal hosts was explored. The Aspergillus aculeatus endo-β-mannanase (Man1) and Talaromyces emersonii α-galactosidase (Agal) genes were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y294, and the Aspergillus niger β-mannosidase (cMndA) and synthetic Cellvibrio mixtus β-mannosidase (Man5A) genes in A. niger. Maximum enzyme activity for Man1 (374 nkat ml-1, pH 5.47), Agal (135 nkat ml-1, pH 2.37), cMndA (12 nkat ml-1, pH 3.40) and Man5A (8 nkat ml-1, pH 3.40) was observed between 60 and 70 °C. Co-expression of the Man1 and Agal genes in S. cerevisiae Y294[Agal-Man1] reduced the extracellular activity relative to individual expression of the respective genes. However, the combined action of crude Man1, Agal and Man5A enzyme preparations significantly decreased the viscosity of galactomannan in locust bean gum, confirming hydrolysis thereof. Furthermore, when complemented with exogenous Man5A, S. cerevisiae Y294[Agal-Man1] produced 56 % of the theoretical ethanol yield, corresponding to a 66 % carbohydrate conversion, on 5 g l-1 mannose and 10 g l-1 locust bean gum. © 2014 Society for Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology.	Aspergillus niger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; α-Galactosidase; galactomannan; β-Mannanase; β-Mannosidase	algaroba; alpha galactosidase; beta mannosidase; biofuel; galactan; galactomannan; lignin; lignocellulose; mannan; plant gum; Aspergillus; bioreactor; Cellvibrio; enzymology; genetics; hydrolysis; kinetics; metabolism; microbiology; procedures; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Talaromyces; viscosity; alpha-Galactosidase; Aspergillus; beta-Mannosidase; Biofuels; Bioreactors; Cellvibrio; Galactans; Hydrolysis; Industrial Microbiology; Kinetics; Lignin; Mannans; Plant Gums; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Talaromyces; Viscosity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-58449129069	Evaluation of antiasthmatic and anticough effects of a medicinal plant used in ivorian pharmacopoeia: Combretum molle [Évaluation de l'activité antiasthmatique et antitussive de Combretum molle, plante médicinale de la pharmacopée ivoirienne]	Yeo D., N'Guessan J.D., Sea T., Coulibaly Y.A., Djaman A.J., Tako N.A., Yavo J.C., Guede-Guina F.	2008	Phytotherapie	6	6	10.1007/s10298-008-0347-6	Laboratoire de Pharmacodynamie Biochimique, UFR Biosciences, Université de Cocody-Abidjan, Cocody-Abidjan, South Africa; Laboratoire de Neurosciences, UFR Biosciences, Université de Cocody-Abidjan, Cocody-Abidjan, South Africa; Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, UFR Biosciences, Université de Cocody-Abidjan, Cocody-Abidjan, South Africa; Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Clinique, UFR des Sciences Médicales, Université de Cocody-Abidjan, Cocody-Abidjan, South Africa	Yeo, D., Laboratoire de Pharmacodynamie Biochimique, UFR Biosciences, Université de Cocody-Abidjan, Cocody-Abidjan, South Africa; N'Guessan, J.D., Laboratoire de Pharmacodynamie Biochimique, UFR Biosciences, Université de Cocody-Abidjan, Cocody-Abidjan, South Africa; Sea, T., Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, UFR Biosciences, Université de Cocody-Abidjan, Cocody-Abidjan, South Africa; Coulibaly, Y.A., Laboratoire de Pharmacodynamie Biochimique, UFR Biosciences, Université de Cocody-Abidjan, Cocody-Abidjan, South Africa; Djaman, A.J., Laboratoire de Pharmacodynamie Biochimique, UFR Biosciences, Université de Cocody-Abidjan, Cocody-Abidjan, South Africa; Tako, N.A., Laboratoire de Neurosciences, UFR Biosciences, Université de Cocody-Abidjan, Cocody-Abidjan, South Africa; Yavo, J.C., Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Clinique, UFR des Sciences Médicales, Université de Cocody-Abidjan, Cocody-Abidjan, South Africa; Guede-Guina, F., Laboratoire de Pharmacodynamie Biochimique, UFR Biosciences, Université de Cocody-Abidjan, Cocody-Abidjan, South Africa	In this work, we studied the inhibitory effects of Combretum molle extract on respiratory disturbances and coughs. Injection of 3.33 mg/kg and 7.14 mg/kg of Combretum molle had no effect on a rabbit's breathing. Injection of acetylcholine (0.2 ml; 714.10-3 mg/kg) induced a percentage estimated at -100%. But a combined injection of acetylcholine and increasing doses of Combretum molle reduced this percentage from -100% to -20 ± 0.5%. We also studied the inhibitory effects of the crude extract on coughs. Guinea pigs which were not treated produced 10.25 ± 0.95 in 10 minutes. But treating the guinea-pigs with 3 mg/kg of crude extract resulted in 8.25 ± 0.45 coughs for 10 min. With 30 mg/kg, however, coughing was reduced to 4.5 ± 0.25. We could therefore conclude that the extract presents some inhibitory effects on coughing and bronchial contraction induced by acetylcholine. © 2008 Springer Verlag.	Bronchial contraction; Combretum molle; Cough; Inhibition and breathing	acetylcholine; antiasthmatic agent; antitussive agent; combretum molle extract; plant extract; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; article; breathing; bronchospasm; Combretum molle; coughing; dose response; drug dose increase; drug effect; drug screening; guinea pig; medical literature; medicinal plant; nonhuman; rabbit; respiratory failure	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-49349115117	Evaluation of sawah rice management system in an inland valley in southeastern Nigeria. I: Soil chemical properties and rice yield	Nwite J.C., Igwe C.A., Wakatsuki T.	2008	Paddy and Water Environment	6	3	10.1007/s10333-008-0123-0	Department of Soil Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nara 631-8505, Japan	Nwite, J.C., Department of Soil Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Igwe, C.A., Department of Soil Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Wakatsuki, T., Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nara 631-8505, Japan	Failures in agricultural development in parts of West Africa may have been caused by the inability of the farmers to develop the abundant inland valleys for cultivation of such crops like rice, using appropriate water management systems. An inland valley in southeastern Nigeria was used to evaluate the influence of sawah and non-sawah water management using inorganic and organic soil amendments on the soil chemical properties and rice grain yield. Soil chemical properties tested were soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, pH, exchangeable K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+. Others were CEC, percent base saturation and exchangeable acidity while the grain yield of rice was also measured. The soils are loose, low in pH and poor in plant nutrient elements. In spite of that, the sawah-managed system was able to improve the pH of the soil by raising it slightly both in the first and second year of planting. Generally, essential plant nutrients such as exchangeable K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+, including fertility index like the CEC, were improved within sawah management within the period. Also, rice grain yield increased significantly (5.62 and 6.25 tons/ha in the first year and 5.32 and 6.53 tons/ha in the second year for non-sawah and sawah, respectively) with sawah system such that about 11 and 23% yield increases were obtained in sawah over the non-sawah in the two years, respectively. Although organic carbon can be used to explain the variation in total grain yield in the first year, it was the CEC that explained the total grain yield in the second year. The study revealed the superiority of sawah over non-sawah in the production of lowland rice in an inland valley in southeastern Nigeria. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.	Chemical properties; Plant nutrient; Rice grain; Rice yield; Sawah; Southeasthern Nigeria	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33750475184	Evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner as an alternative control of small hive beetles, Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae)	Buchholz S., Neumann P., Merkel K., Hepburn H.R.	2006	Journal of Pest Science	79	4	10.1007/s10340-006-0141-x	Institut für Zoologie, Martin-Luther-Universität, Halle-Wittenberg 06099 Halle, Germany; Swiss Bee Research Centre, Swiss Federal Research Station for Animal Production and Dairy Products (ALP), CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, 6140 Grahamstown, South Africa; Eastern Bee research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilongtan, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China	Buchholz, S., Institut für Zoologie, Martin-Luther-Universität, Halle-Wittenberg 06099 Halle, Germany; Neumann, P., Swiss Bee Research Centre, Swiss Federal Research Station for Animal Production and Dairy Products (ALP), CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, 6140 Grahamstown, South Africa, Eastern Bee research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilongtan, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China; Merkel, K., Institut für Zoologie, Martin-Luther-Universität, Halle-Wittenberg 06099 Halle, Germany; Hepburn, H.R., Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, 6140 Grahamstown, South Africa, Eastern Bee research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilongtan, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China	Small hive beetles, Aethina tumida Murray, are parasites and scavengers of honeybee colonies, Apis mellifera L., and have become an invasive species that can cause considerable damage in its new distribution areas. An effective subspecies of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (=Bt) would provide an alternative to chemical control of this pest. Therefore, we tested three different Bt strains [B. thuringiensis, var. aizawai (B401®), B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Novodor®) and B. thuringiensis var. San Diego tenebrionis (Jackpot®)] and Perizin® (3.2% coumaphos), each applied on combs with a pollen diet fed to pairs of adult beetles. This evaluates the products for the suppression of successful small hive beetle reproduction. While none of the tested Bt strains showed a significant effect on the number of produced wandering larvae, we could confirm the efficacy of coumaphos for the control of small hive beetles. We further show that it is also efficient when applied with a lower concentration as a liquid on the combs. We suggest the continued search for efficient Bt strains naturally infesting small hive beetles in its endemic and new ranges, which may become a part of the integrated management of this pest. © Springer-Verlag 2006.	Aethina tumida; Bacillus thuringiensis; Coumaphos; Honeybee; Integrated pest management; Small hive beetle	beetle; honeybee; integrated pest management; Aethina tumida; Apis mellifera; Bacillus thuringiensis; Bacillus thuringiensis serovar berliner; Coleoptera; Nitidulidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-61349118751	Impacts of fructification on biomass production and correlated genetic effects in Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.)	Seifert T., Müller-Starck G.	2009	European Journal of Forest Research	128	2	10.1007/s10342-008-0219-5	Department of Forest and Wood Science, Faculty of AgriSciences Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7062, South Africa; Section of Forest Genetics, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephan Center of Life and Food Sciences, Am Hochanger 13, 85354 Freising, Germany	Seifert, T., Department of Forest and Wood Science, Faculty of AgriSciences Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7062, South Africa; Müller-Starck, G., Section of Forest Genetics, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephan Center of Life and Food Sciences, Am Hochanger 13, 85354 Freising, Germany	For the period 2003-2006, fructification of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) was recorded at the Kranzberg forest site in Southern Germany by employing a crane with access to the canopy of more than 266 trees. For each tree, stem diameter and growth parameters were assessed annually as well as biomass of cones and seeds, number of seeds per cone, and proportions of empty seeds for a total of 371 trees with cone crop. Genotypes at 19 enzyme coding gene loci of 110 trees were included in the study of correlations between morphological and genetic traits. Re-scaling the observed values for a virtual pure Norway spruce stand of 1 ha, cone biomass including winged seeds (oven-dried at 38°C) varied between 706.8 kg/ha in 2006 (average value per tree was 3.6 kg) and values close to zero in 2005. Corresponding values for vegetative biomass increment of the coning trees in 2006 were 9,273.0 kg/ha and 10.8 kg/tree. A significant higher biomass investment was determined for dominant trees in terms of absolute cone mass as well as in terms of cone mass relative to vegetative biomass and fructification frequency. No trade-off effects in decreased vegetative biomass growth were found in the fructification year, compared to trees that did not grow cones. Although the dominant trees invested proportionally considerable biomass in cones, they showed no significant reduction in vegetative biomass growth. In the following year no decrease in vegetative growth was detected. Based on logistic regressions and homogeneity tests, respectively, significant genetic effect became evident with respect to the gene loci AAP-B and AAT-C concerning fructification probability in the year with maximum generative biomass investment. These and closely related loci also have been found to be indicative for growth and viability, respectively, in other species. © pringer-Verlag 2008.	Allele; Canopy crane experiment; Coning; Fructification; Generative biomass; Genotype; Logistic regression; Norway spruce; Picea abies; Trade-off; Vegetative biomass	biomass allocation; canopy architecture; fruit production; genotype; growth rate; logistics; parameterization; regression analysis; stem; tree; vegetation structure; Bavaria; Central Europe; Eurasia; Europe; Germany; Kranzberg Forest; Picea abies	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960467519	Peri-urban spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) in Northern Ethiopia: Diet, economic impact, and abundance	Abay G.Y., Bauer H., Gebrihiwot K., Deckers J.	2011	European Journal of Wildlife Research	57	4	10.1007/s10344-010-0484-8	Department of Biology, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 3072, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Catholic University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium	Abay, G.Y., Department of Biology, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 3072, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Bauer, H., Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Catholic University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Gebrihiwot, K., Department of Biology, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 3072, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Deckers, J., Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Catholic University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium	Global declines of carnivores are related to difficult integration with human land use, in particular conflicts caused by livestock depredation. Spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) live in remarkably close proximity to humans in the degraded and prey-depleted Enderta district, northern Ethiopia. Their diet and interaction with people were investigated in sub-districts close to the regional capital, Mekelle. We interviewed 1,686 randomly selected households from three sub-districts, Debri, Aynalem, and Felege Selam, about livestock management and incidence of depredation from 2005 to 2009. Livestock loss amounted to 492 heads over 5 years; an annual mean of 0.6% worth US$ 7,042. We also performed a survey giving a minimum population estimate of 60 hyenas in the three sub-districts; all but four were found in church forests where they are traditionally tolerated and protected. A total of 1,200 hyena scats were analyzed to determine prey species; the diet contained only domestic species, with sheep being by far the most common prey species. About 5. 5% of fecal analysis contained human hairs. We conclude that hyenas depended entirely on domestic prey species, partly through depredation but more importantly through scavenging on (peri-) urban waste. Under the particular local circumstances, continued coexistence appears possible, provided that damage remains tolerable. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.	Conflict; Depredation; Livestock; Spotted hyena	Crocuta crocuta; Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36749018732	Performance of academically at-risk medical students in a problem-based learning programme: A preliminary report	Burch V.C., Sikakana C.N.T., Yeld N., Seggie J.L., Schmidt H.G.	2007	Advances in Health Sciences Education	12	3	10.1007/s10459-006-9006-6	Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital Observatory, University of Cape Town, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Centre for Higher Education and Development, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands	Burch, V.C., Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital Observatory, University of Cape Town, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Sikakana, C.N.T., Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Yeld, N., Centre for Higher Education and Development, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Seggie, J.L., Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital Observatory, University of Cape Town, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Schmidt, H.G., Department of Psychology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands	Racially segregated schooling, a legacy of Apartheid policies, continues to hamper education in South Africa. Students entering university from suboptimal circumstances are at significant risk of demonstrating poor academic performance and dropping out of their programmes. Attempts to address the educational needs of these students have included the introduction of extended medical programmes at several universities. Such a programme, the Academic Development Programme (ADP), was implemented at the University of Cape Town in 1991. Over the past decade the programme has graduated more than 100 students. Upon implementation of a new problem-based learning (PBL) programme in 2002, the ADP was discontinued and all students were entered directly into the new PBL programme. Students who demonstrate a need for additional academic support by the end of the first semester enter the Intervention Programme for 1 year before proceeding to the second semester of the PBL programme. An interim analysis was performed to compare the retention rates and academic performance of academically at-risk students in the new PBL programme and the ADP. The records of all academically at-risk students entering the ADP (1991-2000) and the new PBL programme (2002) were reviewed. Retention rates for all years of study, and academic performance in the fourth year clerkship courses of the respective programmes were compared. A total of 239 academically at-risk students in the ADP and 43 at-risk students in the new PBL programme were studied. The median retention rates, per year of study, for at-risk students in the PBL programme was significantly better than for at-risk students in the ADP (p<0.02). Academic performance of the at-risk students in all the fourth year clinical clerkship courses of the PBL programme was significantly better than the mean performance over 10 years for at-risk students in the same fourth year courses in the ADP. The introduction of PBL at the University of Cape Town has not had a deleterious effect on the performance of academically at-risk medical students. Interim analysis suggests that retention rates and academic performance in the PBL programme are better than those achieved in the extended traditional programme. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.	Academically disadvantaged students; Dropout rates; Problem-based learning; Undergraduate medical training	article; cultural deprivation; education; health care quality; human; medical education; medical student; methodology; Negro; problem based learning; program development; psychological aspect; social psychology; South Africa; standard; statistics; student; teaching; time; African Continental Ancestry Group; Cultural Deprivation; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Educational Measurement; Humans; Prejudice; Problem-Based Learning; Program Development; Program Evaluation; Remedial Teaching; School Admission Criteria; South Africa; Student Dropouts; Students, Medical; Time	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649904322	The mechanism of impact of summative assessment on medical students' learning	Cilliers F.J., Schuwirth L.W., Adendorff H.J., Herman N., van der Vleuten C.P.	2010	Advances in Health Sciences Education	15	5	10.1007/s10459-010-9232-9	Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa; University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands	Cilliers, F.J., Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa; Schuwirth, L.W., University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands; Adendorff, H.J., Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa; Herman, N., Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa; van der Vleuten, C.P., University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands	It has become axiomatic that assessment impacts powerfully on student learning, but there is a surprising dearth of research on how. This study explored the mechanism of impact of summative assessment on the process of learning of theory in higher education. Individual, in-depth interviews were conducted with medical students and analyzed qualitatively. The impact of assessment on learning was mediated through various determinants of action. Respondents' learning behaviour was influenced by: appraising the impact of assessment; appraising their learning response; their perceptions of agency; and contextual factors. This study adds to scant extant evidence and proposes a mechanism to explain this impact. It should help enhance the use of assessment as a tool to augment learning. © 2010 The Author(s).	Assessment; Determinants of action; Learning; Mechanism of impact	article; cognition; education; educational model; educational status; female; human; learning; male; medical education; medical student; methodology; motivation; self concept; teaching; Cognition; Education, Medical; Educational Measurement; Educational Status; Female; Humans; Learning; Male; Models, Educational; Motivation; Self Concept; Self Efficacy; Students, Medical; Teaching	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-32144457214	Traditional healers for HIV/AIDS prevention and family planning, Kiboga district, Uganda: Evaluation of a program to improve practices	Ssali A., Butler L.M., Kabatesi D., King R., Namugenyi A., Kamya M.R., Mandel J., Chen S.Y., McFarland W.	2005	AIDS and Behavior	9	4	10.1007/s10461-005-9019-9	Traditional and Modern Health Practitioners Together Against AIDS (THETA), Kampala, Uganda; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; District Health Team, Kiboga District, Uganda; Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, United States; San Francisco Department of Public Health, 25 Van Ness Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94102-6033, United States	Ssali, A., Traditional and Modern Health Practitioners Together Against AIDS (THETA), Kampala, Uganda; Butler, L.M., Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Kabatesi, D., Traditional and Modern Health Practitioners Together Against AIDS (THETA), Kampala, Uganda; King, R., Traditional and Modern Health Practitioners Together Against AIDS (THETA), Kampala, Uganda; Namugenyi, A., District Health Team, Kiboga District, Uganda; Kamya, M.R., Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Mandel, J., Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Chen, S.Y., San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, United States; McFarland, W., Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, United States, San Francisco Department of Public Health, 25 Van Ness Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94102-6033, United States	In the face of ongoing epidemics of HIV/AIDS and STI, high demand for family planning, and limited resources, traditional healers may be under-utilized providers of reproductive health education in rural sub-Saharan Africa. We implemented a training program in HIV prevention and family planning methods for healers in the Kiboga district of Uganda and evaluated the program's impact on healers' clinical practice and the diffusion of information to their female clients. Of 46 healers recruited, 30 (65%) completed a pre- and post- training interview. Following training, traditional healers increased discussions of family planning with their clients. Of 84 female clients recruited, 44 (52%) completed the interview before and after the training for healers. Female clients corroborated that they increased discussions of family planning with their healers, as well as discussions about HIV/AIDS. Both healers and their female clients were more likely to make a connection between family planning, condom use, and HIV prevention after the training compared to before the training. Findings provide evidence that traditional healers in a rural area of Uganda can successfully adapt HIV prevention messages and family planning information into their clinical practices. © 2005 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.	Family planning; HIV prevention; Traditional healers; Uganda	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adolescent; adult; article; clinical practice; condom; controlled study; counseling; evaluation; family planning; female; gender; health program; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infection prevention; interview; male; medical information; normal human; traditional medicine; training; Uganda; Adult; Family Planning Services; Female; Health Education; HIV Infections; Humans; Interviews; Male; Medicine, African Traditional; Middle Aged; Program Evaluation; Rural Population; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67349208440	The WHOMEN's scale (women's HAART optimism monitoring and EvaluatioN scale v.1) and the association with fertility intentions and sexual behaviours among HIV-positive women in Uganda	Kaida A., Lima V.D., Andia I., Kabakyenga J., Mbabazi P., Emenyonu N., Patterson T.L., Hogg R.S., Bangsberg D.R.	2009	AIDS and Behavior	13	SUPPL. 1	10.1007/s10461-009-9553-y	BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada; Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mbarara, Uganda; University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States; University of California, San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, United States; Simon Fraser University (SFU), Burnaby, BC, Canada; Harvard Medical School/MGH, Boston, MA, United States	Kaida, A., BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada; Lima, V.D., BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Andia, I., Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mbarara, Uganda; Kabakyenga, J., Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mbarara, Uganda; Mbabazi, P., Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mbarara, Uganda; Emenyonu, N., University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States; Patterson, T.L., University of California, San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, United States; Hogg, R.S., BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Simon Fraser University (SFU), Burnaby, BC, Canada; Bangsberg, D.R., Harvard Medical School/MGH, Boston, MA, United States	The objective of this study was to develop a reliable HAART optimism scale among HIV-positive women in Uganda and to test the scale's validity against measures of fertility intentions, sexual activity, and unprotected sexual intercourse. We used cross-sectional survey data of 540 women (18-50 years) attending Mbarara University's HIV clinic in Uganda. Women were asked how much they agreed or disagreed with 23 statements about HAART. Data were subjected to a principal components and factor analyses. Subsequently, we tested the association between the scale and fertility intentions and sexual behaviour using Wilcoxon rank sum test. Factor analysis yielded three factors, one of which was an eight-item HAART optimism scale with moderately high internal consistency (α = 0.70). Women who reported that they intended to have (more) children had significantly higher HAART optimism scores (median = 13.5 [IQR: 12-16]) than women who did not intend to have (more) children (median = 10.5 [IQR: 8-12]; P < 0.0001). Similarly, women who were sexually active and who reported practicing unprotected sexual intercourse had significantly higher HAART optimism scores than women who were sexually abstinent or who practiced protected sexual intercourse. Our reliable and valid scale, termed the Women's HAART Optimism Monitoring and EvaluatioN scale (WHOMEN's scale), may be valuable to broader studies investigating the role of HAART optimism on reproductive intentions and sexual behaviours of HIV-positive women in high HIV prevalence settings. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Fertility intentions; HAART; HAART optimism; HAART optimism scale; HIV; Scale; Sexual behaviour; Uganda; Women	adult; article; factorial analysis; female; fertility; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; prevalence; rank sum test; reproduction; scoring system; sexual behavior; sexual intercourse; Uganda; Adult; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Attitude to Health; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Fertility; HIV Infections; Humans; Intention; Interviews as Topic; Pregnancy; Questionnaires; Reproductive Behavior; Sexual Behavior; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959987568	The impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on activities of daily living in HIV-infected adults in South Africa	Kakinami L., De Bruyn G., Pronyk P., Mohapi L., Tshabangu N., Moshabela M., McIntyre J., Martinson N.A.	2011	AIDS and Behavior	15	4	10.1007/s10461-010-9776-y	Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, University of Rochester, Box 644, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, United States; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Earth Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States	Kakinami, L., Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, University of Rochester, Box 644, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, United States; De Bruyn, G., Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Pronyk, P., Earth Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Mohapi, L., Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Tshabangu, N., Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Moshabela, M., School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; McIntyre, J., Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Martinson, N.A., Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States	This study investigated the relationship between highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) among two clinical cohorts in South Africa. Between 2003 and 2008 structured questionnaires were administered to HIV-positive patients attending outpatient clinics at an urban hospital (Soweto, n = 3,081) and a rural hospital (Acornhoek, n = 1,247). Among those receiving help, an average of 4.8 and 5.1 h of assistance with IADLs daily was reported (rural and urban participants, respectively), with the patient's mother and children assisting the most. Participants on HAART were 17 and 41% less likely to receive assistance with IADLs in the rural and urban cohorts, respectively, after adjusting for demographic characteristics, healthcare utilization, and CD4 counts. HAART significantly decreased the IADL assistance among patients in South Africa. Alongside clinical benefits, HAART has the potential to reduce the burden of HIV-related care, potentially extending wider social and economic gains to other family members. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Antiretroviral therapy; Family; HIV; Household economy; Indirect benefits; Instrumental activities of daily living; South Africa	adult; aged; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; cohort analysis; daily life activity; female; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; male; middle aged; outpatient department; quality of life; questionnaire; rural population; socioeconomics; South Africa; treatment outcome; urban population; virology; virus load; Activities of Daily Living; Adult; Aged; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cohort Studies; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Quality of Life; Questionnaires; Rural Population; Socioeconomic Factors; South Africa; Treatment Outcome; Urban Population; Viral Load; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951683403	Combined impact of sexual risk behaviors for HIV seroconversion among women in Durban, South Africa: Implications for prevention policy and planning	Wand H., Ramjee G.	2011	AIDS and Behavior	15	2	10.1007/s10461-010-9845-2	HIV Prevention Unit, Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa	Wand, H.; Ramjee, G., HIV Prevention Unit, Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa	The objective of this study was to estimate the joint impact of demographic and sexual risk behaviors on HIV acquisition. A total of 2,523 HIV seronegative women were recruited through three community based studies in Durban, South Africa. Point and interval estimates of partial population attributable risk (PAR) were used to quantify the proportion of HIV seroconversions which can be prevented if a combination of risk factors is eliminated from a target population. More than 80% of the observed HIV acquisitions were attributed to five risk factors: lack of cohabitation, frequency of sex, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), incidence of pregnancy and not being employed/no income. Structural factors such as minimizing migratory patterns by ensuring cohabitation of partners, access to treatment of STIs, income generation and safe sex negotiation skills are likely to play an important role in future prevention strategies. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	HIV incidence; Population attributable risk; South Africa	adult; age; article; female; follow up; health care policy; high risk behavior; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; incidence; pregnancy; questionnaire; risk factor; sexual behavior; sexuality; sexually transmitted disease; socioeconomics; South Africa; Adult; Age Factors; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Health Policy; HIV Infections; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Incidence; Pregnancy; Questionnaires; Risk Factors; Risk-Taking; Sexual Behavior; Sexual Partners; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Socioeconomic Factors; South Africa; Young Adult	None
WoS	WOS:000295735200003	Can Peer Education Make a Difference? Evaluation of a South African Adolescent Peer Education Program to Promote Sexual and Reproductive Health	Flisher, Alan J.,Mason-Jones, Amanda J.,Mathews, Catherine	2011	AIDS AND BEHAVIOR	15	8	10.1007/s10461-011-0012-1	South African Medical Research Council, University of Cape Town	"Flisher, Alan J.: University of Cape Town",	Peer education is popular both with governments and with young people. The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a government-led peer education program on the self-reported sexual health behavior and related psychosocial outcomes of adolescent students in public high schools in the Western Cape of South Africa. Grade 10 students (n = 3934), at 30 public high schools (15 intervention, 15 comparison) were recruited to the study. In the intervention schools, peer educators were recruited and trained to provide information and support to their fellow students. Sexual health behaviors and related psychosocial outcomes of students were measured at baseline and at follow up 18 months later. Comparisons were made between those in the intervention and comparison group schools. We were unable to detect a significant difference in the age of sexual debut, use of condoms at last sex, goal orientation, decision-making or future orientation for students in the intervention group as compared to students in the comparison group. The findings suggest that the peer education program was not effective in reducing the age of sexual debut or condom use. Issues around the implementation of the program suggested that this was sub-optimal. Governments who advocate widespread use of peer education as an approach need to recognise barriers to implementation and ensure ongoing monitoring and evaluation of effectiveness and cost effectiveness.	ADOLESCENT,Africa,HIV,"PEER EDUCATION",SCHOOL,COUNTRIES,GENDER,"HIV PREVENTION",INTERVENTIONS,SCHOOLS	None	None
WoS	WOS:000295735200015	Evaluation of a Peer Network-Based Sexual Risk Reduction Intervention for Men in Beer Halls in Zimbabwe: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial	Chasakara, Charles,Chirowodza, Admire,Fritz, Katherine,Kellogg, Timothy,Makumbe, Knox,Mashoko, Chamunorwa,McFarland, Willi,Woelk, Godfrey,Wyrod, Robert	2011	AIDS AND BEHAVIOR	15	8	10.1007/s10461-011-9922-1	Research Triangle Institute, University of California San Francisco, University of California System, University of Michigan, University of Michigan System, University of Zimbabwe, Harare Beer Hall Intervent, Int Ctr Res Women, RTI Int, San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth	"Wyrod, Robert: University of Michigan","Wyrod, Robert: University of Michigan System",	While much emphasis has been placed on involving men in AIDS prevention in sub-Saharan Africa, there remain few rigorously evaluated interventions in this area. A particularly appealing point of intervention is the sexual risk behavior associated with men's alcohol consumption. This article reports the outcomes of The Sahwira HIV Prevention Program, a male-focused, peer-based intervention promoting the idea that men can assist their friends in avoiding high-risk sexual encounters associated with alcohol drinking. The intervention was evaluated in a randomized, controlled trial (RCT) implemented in 24 beer halls in Harare, Zimbabwe. A cadre of 413 male beer hall patrons (similar to 20% of the patronage) was trained to assist their male peers within their friendship networks. Activities included one-on-one interactions, small group discussions, and educational events centering on the theme of men helping their male friends avoid risk. Venues were randomized into 12 control versus 12 intervention beer halls with little cross-contamination between study arms. The penetration and impact of the intervention were assessed by pre- and post-intervention cross-sectional surveys of the beer hall patronage. The intervention was implemented with a high degree of fidelity to the protocol, with exposure to the intervention activities significantly higher among intervention patrons compared to control. While we found generally declining levels of risk behavior in both study arms from baseline to post-intervention, we found no evidence of an impact of the intervention on our primary outcome measure: episodes of unprotected sex with non-wife partners in the preceding 6 months (median 5.4 episodes for men at intervention beer halls vs. 5.1 among controls, P = 0.98). There was also no evidence that the intervention reduced other risks for HIV. It remains an imperative to find ways to productively engage men in AIDS prevention, especially in those venues where male bonding, alcohol consumption, and sexual risk behavior are intertwined.	ALCOHOL,"Beer halls",HIV,MEN,ZIMBABWE,AIDS,BEHAVIOR,"DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS","GAY MEN",HIV/AIDS,"HIV-PREVENTION INTERVENTION","OPINION LEADERS","PARTNER VIOLENCE","SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA",WOMEN	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84555203857	Impact of a mhealth intervention for peer health workers on AIDS care in rural Uganda: A mixed methods evaluation of a cluster-randomized trial	Chang L.W., Kagaayi J., Arem H., Nakigozi G., Ssempijja V., Serwadda D., Quinn T.C., Gray R.H., Bollinger R.C., Reynolds S.J.	2011	AIDS and Behavior	15	8	10.1007/s10461-011-9995-x	Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1503 E. Jefferson St., Baltimore, MD 21287, United States; Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai, Uganda; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States	Chang, L.W., Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1503 E. Jefferson St., Baltimore, MD 21287, United States; Kagaayi, J., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai, Uganda; Arem, H., Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Nakigozi, G., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai, Uganda; Ssempijja, V., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai, Uganda; Serwadda, D., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai, Uganda; Quinn, T.C., Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Gray, R.H., Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Bollinger, R.C., Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Reynolds, S.J., Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States	Mobile phone access in low and middle-income countries is rapidly expanding and offers an opportunity to leverage limited human resources for health. We conducted a mixed methods evaluation of a cluster-randomized trial exploratory substudy on the impact of a mHealth (mobile phone) support intervention used by community-based peer health workers (PHW) on AIDS care in rural Uganda. 29 PHWs at 10 clinics were randomized by clinic to receive the intervention or not. PHWs used phones to call and text higher level providers with patient-specific clinical information. 970 patients cared for by the PHWs were followed over a 26 month period. No significant differences were found in patients' risk of virologic failure. Qualitative analyses found improvements in patient care and logistics and broad support for the mHealth intervention among patients, clinic staff, and PHWs. Key challenges identified included variable patient phone access, privacy concerns, and phone maintenance. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011.	Cluster-randomized trial; Community health workers; HIV; Mhealth; Mixed methods research	anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; article; cluster analysis; community care; evaluation; female; health care personnel; human; interpersonal communication; male; middle aged; mobile phone; organization and management; peer group; randomized controlled trial (topic); rural population; telemedicine; Uganda; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Anti-HIV Agents; Cellular Phone; Cluster Analysis; Communication; Community Health Services; Female; Health Personnel; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Peer Group; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Rural Population; Telemedicine; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868592655	Depressive symptoms and their impact on health-seeking behaviors in newly-diagnosed HIV-infected patients in Durban, South Africa	Ramirez-Avila L., Regan S., Giddy J., Chetty S., Ross D., Katz J.N., Freedberg K.A., Walensky R.P., Losina E., Bassett I.V.	2012	AIDS and Behavior	16	8	10.1007/s10461-012-0160-y	Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Boston, 333 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02139, United States; Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; McCord Hospital, Durban, South Africa; St. Mary's Hospital, Mariannhill, Durban, South Africa; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Center for AIDS Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Infectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Infectious Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States	Ramirez-Avila, L., Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Boston, 333 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02139, United States, Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Regan, S., Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Giddy, J., McCord Hospital, Durban, South Africa; Chetty, S., McCord Hospital, Durban, South Africa; Ross, D., St. Mary's Hospital, Mariannhill, Durban, South Africa; Katz, J.N., Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Freedberg, K.A., Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Center for AIDS Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Walensky, R.P., Center for AIDS Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, Division of Infectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Division of Infectious Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Losina, E., Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Center for AIDS Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; Bassett, I.V., Center for AIDS Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, Division of Infectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States	We evaluated the prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms prior to HIV diagnosis and determined the effect of these symptoms on seeking HIV care at an urban and rural clinic in Durban, South Africa. Adults were administered a questionnaire which included the 5-item Mental Health Index (MHI-5) before HIV testing. We determined the depressive symptoms among HIV-infected subjects. Of 1,545 newly-diagnosed HIV-infected subjects, 55% had depressive symptoms by MHI-5 score. Enrolling at the urban clinic and decreasing functional activity score were associated with depressive symptoms. Subjects with depressive symptoms who were referred for HIV testing by a healthcare provider were less likely to obtain a CD4 count than those without depressive symptoms who self-referred for testing. Depressive symptoms were common among newly-diagnosed HIV-infected participants and impacted CD4 uptake. Depression screening at the time of HIV diagnosis is critical for improving linkage to mental health and HIV services in South Africa. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012.	Africa; Depression; Depressive symptoms; HIV; Linkage to care; South Africa	adult; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; depression; evaluation; female; follow up; health behavior; hospital; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; male; mass screening; methodology; multivariate analysis; patient attitude; patient referral; prevalence; prospective study; psychological aspect; questionnaire; rural population; socioeconomics; South Africa; statistics; urban population; Adult; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Depression; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Health Behavior; HIV Infections; Hospitals, Rural; Hospitals, Urban; Humans; Male; Mass Screening; Multivariate Analysis; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Questionnaires; Referral and Consultation; Rural Population; Socioeconomic Factors; South Africa; Urban Population	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872674698	"it's important to take your medication everyday okay?" An evaluation of counselling by lay counsellors for arv adherence support in the Western Cape, South Africa	Dewing S., Mathews C., Schaay N., Cloete A., Louw J., Simbayi L.	2013	AIDS and Behavior	17	1	10.1007/s10461-012-0211-4	Health Systems Research Unit, Medical Research Council, P. O. Box 19070, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa; School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; HIV/AIDS, STIs and TB Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa	Dewing, S., Health Systems Research Unit, Medical Research Council, P. O. Box 19070, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa; Mathews, C., Health Systems Research Unit, Medical Research Council, P. O. Box 19070, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Schaay, N., School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; Cloete, A., HIV/AIDS, STIs and TB Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; Louw, J., Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa; Simbayi, L., HIV/AIDS, STIs and TB Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town 8000, South Africa	There is growing interest in standard care programmes for antiretroviral (ARV) adherence support. In South Africa, individual counselling following ARV initiation is a main strategy for supporting adherence in the public sector. Egan's client-centred "Skilled Helper" counselling model is the predominant model used in HIV counselling in this context. This study evaluated counselling delivered by lay ARV adherence counsellors in Cape Town in terms of adherence to Egan's model. Thirty-eight transcripts of counselling sessions with non-adherent patients were analysed based on the methods of content analysis. These sessions were conducted by 30 counsellors. Generally counsellors' practice adhered neither to Egan's model nor a client-centred approach. Inconsistent with evidence-based approaches to counselling for ARV adherence support, counsellors mainly used information-giving and advice as strategies for addressing clients' non-adherence. Recommendations for improving practice are made. The question as to how appropriate strategies from developed countries are for this setting is also raised. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Antiretroviral adherence support; Counselling; Egan's skilled helper model; Standard care	anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; article; directive counseling; evaluation; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; human relation; male; methodology; motivation; patient attitude; patient care; patient compliance; psychological aspect; South Africa; Anti-HIV Agents; Directive Counseling; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Medication Adherence; Motivation; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Patient-Centered Care; Professional-Patient Relations; South Africa	None
WoS	WOS:000310316200030	Divinity and Distress: The Impact of Religion and Spirituality on the Mental Health of HIV-Positive Adults in Tanzania	Kershaw, Trace,Mosha, John S.,Ng, Reuben,Steglitz, Jeremy	2012	AIDS AND BEHAVIOR	16	8	10.1007/s10461-012-0261-7	Yale University, Primary Hlth Care Inst Iringa	"Ng, Reuben: Yale University",	This study examined the relationship between religiosity, spirituality and mental health in the context of a stress-coping framework. Participants were 135 rural, low-income HIV-positive adults in Iringa, Tanzania. The relationships between religiosity, spirituality, coping responses, social support, and psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and stress) were examined using structural equation modeling. Religiosity was related to decreased avoidant coping and increased social support, which in turn were related to psychological distress. Spirituality was positively related to active coping and social support. Results suggest that coping strategies and social support may mediate the relationship between religiosity and spirituality and psychological distress. Interventions to reduce psychological distress among HIV-positive individuals in Tanzania might incorporate strategies to reduce avoidant coping and increase social support. According to the present findings, this may be accomplished through faith-based approaches that incorporate religious and spiritual activities into HIV prevention programs.	COPING,HIV/AIDS,"PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS",religiosity/spirituality,Tanzania,ADOLESCENTS,"COPING STYLE",HIV/AIDS,INFECTION,"LIFE STRESSORS",LONG,"PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS","SOCIAL SUPPORT",STRATEGIES,WOMEN	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880918429	Feasibility, performance, and acceptability of the wisebag™ for potential monitoring of daily gel applicator use in Durban, South Africa	Van Der Straten A., Montgomery E., Pillay D., Cheng H., Naidoo A., Cele Z., Naidoo K., Hartmann M., Piper J., Nair G.	2013	AIDS and Behavior	17	2	10.1007/s10461-012-0330-y	Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International, 114 Sansome Street, San Francisco, CA 94104, United States; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States; Center for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), EThekwini, Durban, South Africa; DAIDS, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States	Van Der Straten, A., Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International, 114 Sansome Street, San Francisco, CA 94104, United States, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States; Montgomery, E., Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International, 114 Sansome Street, San Francisco, CA 94104, United States; Pillay, D., Center for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), EThekwini, Durban, South Africa; Cheng, H., Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International, 114 Sansome Street, San Francisco, CA 94104, United States; Naidoo, A., Center for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), EThekwini, Durban, South Africa; Cele, Z., Center for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), EThekwini, Durban, South Africa; Naidoo, K., Center for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), EThekwini, Durban, South Africa; Hartmann, M., Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International, 114 Sansome Street, San Francisco, CA 94104, United States; Piper, J., DAIDS, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States; Nair, G., Center for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), EThekwini, Durban, South Africa	The Wisebag™, a lunchbag-style container with an electronic events-monitoring system, was designed as a real-time indirect objective measure of microbicide gel use. Due to cost, alternative functionalities (i.e. use of offline and dummy versions) were explored. We conducted a three-arm, double-blinded pilot study among 50 HIV-negative women in Durban, South Africa to assess participant adherence and Wisebag acceptability and performance. Participants were randomized 2:2:1 to Wisebag with online (events transmitted via cellular signal in real-time), offline (events stored in device memory) or inactive "dummy" devices. Participants were instructed to open the Wisebag daily for 2 weeks, retrieve a study sticker and affix it on a diary card. All participants completed the study. At exit, 94 % did not know which device they had received, nor could they differentiate the Wisebag types when presented with the three options. Five offline devices failed (no data recorded). Per Wisebag events, 26 % of women were perfectly adherent compared to 48 % by self-report and 46 % per diary card. Of reported non-adherence, 92 % did not open the Wisebag (travelling or forgot) and 22 % opened Wisebag >1×/day (curiosity). Participants liked and were comfortable carrying Wisebag. Successful blinding will allow inclusion of offline and/or dummy Wisebags in future study designs. Perfect adherence by opening events was significantly lower than by self-report, highlighting the importance of objective measures of adherence in clinical trials. Additional studies to validate Wisebag data with actual products, with and without SMS and online functionality, in different populations and settings, and in comparison to biomarkers are warranted. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Adherence; Africa; Electronic monitoring; Microbicide gel	agents used intravaginally; topical antiinfective agent; adolescent; adult; article; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; double blind procedure; drug monitoring; equipment design; feasibility study; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; medication compliance; middle aged; patient attitude; patient satisfaction; pilot study; randomized controlled trial; reproducibility; South Africa; statistics; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Double-Blind Method; Drug Monitoring; Equipment Design; Feasibility Studies; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Medication Adherence; Middle Aged; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Patient Satisfaction; Pilot Projects; Reproducibility of Results; South Africa; Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies	5UM1AI068633, NIAID, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; NICHD, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; NIMH, National Institute of Mental Health
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905574645	First evaluation of a population-based screen to detect emotional-behavior disorders in orphaned children in sub-Saharan Africa	Sharp C., Venta A., Marais L., Skinner D., Lenka M., Serekoane J.	2014	AIDS and Behavior	18	6	10.1007/s10461-014-0739-6	Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States; Centre for Development Support, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Research on Health and Society, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Anthropology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Sharp, C., Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States; Venta, A., Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States; Marais, L., Centre for Development Support, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Skinner, D., Research on Health and Society, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Lenka, M., Centre for Development Support, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Serekoane, J., Department of Anthropology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Due to the HIV/AIDS pandemic which has left 12 million children orphaned in Sub-Saharan Africa, children are at increased risk for mental health problems. Currently, no validity data exist for any screening measure of emotional-behavior disorders in pre-adolescent children in Sub-Saharan Africa. The aims of the current study were to evaluate the construct validity of the caregiver-, teacher-, and self-report versions of the one-page Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in 466 orphans in South Africa between the ages of 7 and 11 (Mage = 9.23 years, SD = 1.33, 51.93 % female) and to provide, for the first time, clinical cut-offs for this population. Findings demonstrated support for the caregiver SDQ, but not the teacher and self-report versions. We provide clinical cut-offs, but caution their use before further research is conducted. There remains a critical need for further psychometric studies of the SDQ in the developing world. Resumen Debido a la pandemia de VIH /SIDA que ha dejado a 12 millones de niños huérfanos en Á frica subsahariana, los niños tienen un riesgo mayor de tener problemas de salud mental. Actualmente, no hay data para validar ningún cuestionario de trastornos emocionales y de comportamiento en los niños pre-adolescentes en el Á frica subsahariana. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron evaluar la validez de constructo de varias versiones (completadas por cuidador, maestro, y autoinforme) de un cuestionario de una página, el Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), en 466 huérfanos en Sudáfrica entre las edades de 7 y 11 (M = 9.23 años, SD = 1.33, 51.93 % mujeres) y describir, por primera vez, los puntos de estratificación para esta población. Los resultados demuestran apoyo para la versión SDQ completada por el cuidador, pero no la versión completada por el maestro ni por autoinforme. Ofrecemos puntos de estratificación, pero advertimos contra su uso antes de que se realicen más investigaciones. Sigue habiendo una necesidad crítica de estudios psicométricos del SDQ en el mundo subdesarrollado. © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014.	Africa; Children; Orphans; Population screen; Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; Validity	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adaptive behavior; Africa south of the Sahara; child; emotion; epidemiology; evaluation study; female; follow up; human; male; mass screening; Mental Disorders; mental stress; orphaned child; poverty; psychology; psychometry; questionnaire; self report; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adaptation, Psychological; Africa South of the Sahara; Child; Child, Orphaned; Emotions; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Mass Screening; Mental Disorders; Poverty; Psychometrics; Questionnaires; Self Report; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Stress, Psychological	078757, NIMH, National Institute of Mental Health
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899626659	Monitoring microbicide gel use with real-time notification of the container's opening events: Results of the CAPRISA wisebag study	Gengiah T.N., Upfold M., Naidoo A., Mansoor L.E., Feldblum P.J., Abdool Karim Q., Abdool Karim S.S.	2014	AIDS and Behavior	18	5	10.1007/s10461-014-0750-y	Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2nd Floor), University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South Africa; FHI360, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, United States	Gengiah, T.N., Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2nd Floor), University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South Africa; Upfold, M., Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2nd Floor), University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South Africa; Naidoo, A., Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2nd Floor), University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South Africa; Mansoor, L.E., Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2nd Floor), University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South Africa; Feldblum, P.J., FHI360, Durham, NC, United States; Abdool Karim, Q., Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2nd Floor), University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South Africa, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, United States; Abdool Karim, S.S., Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2nd Floor), University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South Africa, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, United States	Accurate estimation of the effectiveness of a microbicide for HIV prevention requires valid measurement of adherence to product use. A microbicide gel applicator container (Wisebag), fitted with cell phone technology to transmit opening events and text message reminders, was developed to monitor each opening event of the container as a proxy for gel use and adherence. Ten women were enrolled in a pilot study and followed for up to 4 months. Wisebag opening (WBO) dates and times were recorded and correlated with self-reported sex acts and gel applicator returns. During the 33 monthly follow-up visits, 47.8 % (77/161) of the recorded number of WBO events were concordant with the number of empty (used) applicators returned. The discrepancies were likely due to removal of more than one applicator during a single opening event. When the date and time of the WBO event data was assessed in relation to three different self-report adherence measures, agreement was fairly modest. The Wisebag was found to be acceptable as a storage container and the cell phone reminders generated were useful in supporting the dosing strategy. We recommend that the Wisebag be considered for larger scale and lengthier testing in microbicide trials. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Adherence; Clinical trials; Electronic monitoring; HIV prevention; Microbicides	antiinfective agent; gel; adult; coitus; devices; drug delivery system; feasibility study; female; follow up; gel; HIV Infections; human; intravaginal drug administration; medication compliance; mobile phone; pilot study; questionnaire; text messaging; Administration, Intravaginal; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Cell Phones; Coitus; Drug Delivery Systems; Feasibility Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gels; HIV Infections; Humans; Medication Adherence; Pilot Projects; Questionnaires; Text Messaging	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899643646	Impact of an adherence intervention on the effectiveness of tenofovir gel in the CAPRISA 004 trial	Mansoor L.E., Karim Q.A., Werner L., Madlala B., Ngcobo N., Cornman D.H., Amico K.R., Fisher J., Fisher W.A., MacQueen K.M., Karim S.S.A.	2014	AIDS and Behavior	18	5	10.1007/s10461-014-0752-9	Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella 4013, South Africa	Mansoor, L.E., Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella 4013, South Africa; Karim, Q.A., Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella 4013, South Africa; Werner, L., Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella 4013, South Africa; Madlala, B., Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella 4013, South Africa; Ngcobo, N., Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella 4013, South Africa; Cornman, D.H., Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella 4013, South Africa; Amico, K.R., Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella 4013, South Africa; Fisher, J., Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella 4013, South Africa; Fisher, W.A., Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella 4013, South Africa; MacQueen, K.M., Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella 4013, South Africa; Karim, S.S.A., Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella 4013, South Africa	High adherence is important in microbicide trials, but no adherence interventions to date have demonstrated empiric improvements in microbicide adherence or effectiveness. Approximately midway during the CAPRISA 004 trial, we implemented a novel adherence intervention (Adherence Support Program - ASP), based on an Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model and incorporating a Motivational Interviewing approach. We assessed the impact of the ASP on adherence and tenofovir gel effectiveness using a before-and-after comparison. Of the 889 women in the trial, 774 contributed 486.1 women-years of follow-up pre-ASP and 828 contributed 845.7 women-years of follow-up post-ASP. Median adherence rose from 53.6 % pre-ASP to 66.5 % post-ASP. Detectable tenofovir levels increased from 40.6 % pre-ASP to 62.5 % post-ASP in 64 women who had paired tenofovir drug samples. Gel effectiveness improved post-ASP; HIV incidence in the tenofovir gel arm was 24 % lower pre-ASP compared to 47 % lower post-ASP. Following implementation of the ASP, microbicide adherence improved with a concomitant increase in the effectiveness of tenofovir gel. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Adherence support; HIV prevention; Motivational interviewing; Tenofovir gel	adenine; anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; gel; phosphonic acid derivative; tenofovir; topical antiinfective agent; adult; analogs and derivatives; controlled study; double blind procedure; epidemiology; female; gel; health behavior; HIV Infections; human; incidence; intervention study; medication compliance; motivational interviewing; psychological model; psychology; randomized controlled trial; socioeconomics; South Africa; statistics and numerical data; treatment outcome; Adenine; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gels; Health Behavior; HIV Infections; Humans; Incidence; Intervention Studies; Medication Adherence; Models, Psychological; Motivational Interviewing; Organophosphonates; Socioeconomic Factors; South Africa; Treatment Outcome	USAID, United States Agency for International Development
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939876734	The Impact of Community Support Initiatives on the Stigma Experienced by People Living with HIV/AIDS in South Africa	Masquillier C., Wouters E., Mortelmans D., le Roux Booysen F.	2015	AIDS and Behavior	19	2	10.1007/s10461-014-0865-1	Department of Sociology, Research Centre for Longitudinal and Life Course Studies (CELLO), University of Antwerp, Sint Jacobsstraat 2, Antwerp, Belgium; Centre for Health Systems Research and Development, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Department of Economics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Masquillier, C., Department of Sociology, Research Centre for Longitudinal and Life Course Studies (CELLO), University of Antwerp, Sint Jacobsstraat 2, Antwerp, Belgium; Wouters, E., Department of Sociology, Research Centre for Longitudinal and Life Course Studies (CELLO), University of Antwerp, Sint Jacobsstraat 2, Antwerp, Belgium, Centre for Health Systems Research and Development, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Mortelmans, D., Department of Sociology, Research Centre for Longitudinal and Life Course Studies (CELLO), University of Antwerp, Sint Jacobsstraat 2, Antwerp, Belgium; le Roux Booysen, F., Department of Economics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	In the current context of human resource shortages in South Africa, various community support interventions are being implemented to provide long-term psychosocial care to persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). However, it is important to analyze the unintended social side effects of such interventions in regards to the stigma felt by PLWHA, which might threaten the successful management of life-long treatment. Latent cross-lagged modeling was used to analyze longitudinal data on 294 PLWHA from a randomized controlled trial (1) to determine whether peer adherence support (PAS) and treatment buddying influence the stigma experienced by PLWHA; and (2) to analyze the interrelationships between each support form and stigma. Results indicate that having a treatment buddy decreases felt stigma scores, while receiving PAS increases levels of felt stigma at the second follow up. However, the PAS intervention was also found to have a positive influence on having a treatment buddy at this time. Furthermore, a treatment buddy mitigates the stigmatizing effect of PAS, resulting in a small negative indirect effect on stigma. The study indicates the importance of looking beyond the intended effects of an intervention, with the goal of minimizing any adverse consequences that might threaten the successful long-term management of HIV/AIDS and maximizing the opportunities created by such support. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Peer adherence support; South Africa; Stigma; Treatment buddy; Unintended social side effects	anti-retroviral agents; adolescent; adult; community health services; controlled study; Helping Behavior; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Medication Adherence; Middle Aged; organization and administration; Outcome Assessment (Health Care); Peer Group; psychology; randomized controlled trial; Social Stigma; Social Support; South Africa; Stereotyping; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Community Health Services; Helping Behavior; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Medication Adherence; Middle Aged; Outcome Assessment (Health Care); Peer Group; Social Stigma; Social Support; South Africa; Stereotyping	NRF, National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-33645528199	Performance of a prototype baited-trap in attracting and infecting the tick Amblyomma variegatum (Acari: Ixodidae) in field experiments	Maranga R.O., Hassanali A., Kaaya G.P., Mueke J.M.	2006	Experimental and Applied Acarology	38	03-Feb	10.1007/s10493-006-0002-6	Department of Zoology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya; International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P.O Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Biology, University of Namibia, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia; Department of Biological Sciences, Kenyatta University, P.O Box 43844, Nairobi, Kenya	Maranga, R.O., Department of Zoology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya; Hassanali, A., International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P.O Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya; Kaaya, G.P., Department of Biology, University of Namibia, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia; Mueke, J.M., Department of Biological Sciences, Kenyatta University, P.O Box 43844, Nairobi, Kenya	Investigations were commenced to study the potential use of the fungi, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and the attraction-aggregation- attachment pheromone (AAAP) for the control of Ambloyomma variegatum as an environmentally friendly technology. The objective of the study was to develop and test a device, which could be used for pheromone and carbon dioxide delivery and infection of ticks with the fungi in an attempt to control the tick populations in the vegetation. Using a pheromone-baited device treated with the fungi mixture, 79% of the ticks released were attracted and exposed to the fungi and of these, 78% died during incubation in the laboratory. In another set of experiments, of the released ticks that were similarly exposed to fungi using the pheromone-baited device and left in the vegetation, 33.8% were recovered compared to recoveries of between 76 and 84% in the controls. These results were significantly different at the 5% level, an indication that the pheromone/fungi mixtures had significant effect in reducing the tick population in the field. © Springer 2006.	Attraction-aggregation-attachment pheromone; Fungi; Vegetation	carbon dioxide; pheromone; aggregation pheromone; attractant; biological control; fungus; pest control; tick; animal; article; Ascomycetes; biological pest control; female; growth, development and aging; infestation; insect control; male; methodology; microbiology; tick; Animals; Ascomycota; Dry Ice; Female; Ixodidae; Male; Pest Control, Biological; Pheromones; Tick Control; Tick Infestations; Acari; Amblyomma; Amblyomma variegatum; Beauveria; Cordyceps bassiana; Fungi; Ixodidae; Metarhizium anisopliae	None
None	None	Evaluation of four modelling techniques to predict the potential distribution of ticks using indigenous cattle infestations as calibration data	Zeman P., Lynen G.	2006	Experimental and Applied Acarology	39	2	10.1007/s10493-006-9001-x	Medical Laboratories, Konevova 205, 130 00 Prague-3, Czech Republic; Veterinary Investigation Centre, 1068, Arusha, Tanzania	Zeman, P., Medical Laboratories, Konevova 205, 130 00 Prague-3, Czech Republic; Lynen, G., Veterinary Investigation Centre, 1068, Arusha, Tanzania	Efficient tick and tick-borne disease control is a major goal in the efforts to improve the livestock industry in developing countries. To gain a better understanding of the distribution and abundance of livestock ticks under changing environmental conditions, a country-wide field survey of tick infestations on indigenous cattle was recently carried out in Tanzania. This paper evaluates four models to generate tick predictive maps including areas between the localities that were surveyed. Four techniques were compared: (1) linear discriminant analysis, (2) quadratic discriminant analysis, (3) generalised regression analysis, and (4) the weights-of-evidence method. Inter-model comparison was accomplished with a data-set of adult Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks and a set of predictor variables covering monthly mean temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, and the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI). The data-set of tick records was divided into two equal subsets one of which was utilised for model fitting and the other for evaluation, and vice versa, in two independent experiments. For each locality the probability of tick occurrence was predicted and compared with the proportion of infested animals observed in the field; overall predictive success was measured with mean squared difference (MSD). All models exhibited a relatively good performance in configurations with optimised sets of predictors. The linear discriminant model had the least predictive success (MSD≥0.210), whereas the accuracy increased in the quadratic discriminant (MSD≥0.197) and generalised regression models (MSD≥0.173). The best predictions were gained with the weights-of-evidence model (MSD≥0.141). Theoretical as well as practical aspects of all models were taken into account. In summary, the weights-of-evidence model was considered to be the best option for the purpose of predictive mapping of the risk of infestation of Tanzanian indigenous cattle. A detailed description of the implementation of this model is provided in an annex to this paper. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2006.	GIS; Rhipicephalus appendiculatus; Statistical prediction; Tanzanian indigenous cattle; Tick distribution maps; Weights of evidence	abundance; calibration; cattle; comparative study; discriminant analysis; disease control; distribution system; ecological modeling; environmental conditions; livestock farming; NDVI; regression analysis; tick; animal; animal disease; article; biological model; cattle; cattle disease; discriminant analysis; evaluation; parasitology; regression analysis; Rhipicephalus; statistical model; Tanzania; tick infestation; Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Discriminant Analysis; Models, Biological; Models, Statistical; Regression Analysis; Rhipicephalus; Tanzania; Tick Infestations; Africa; East Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tanzania; Acari; Animalia; Bos taurus; Ixodida; Rhipicephalus; Rhipicephalus appendiculatus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84916939044	Impact of Varroa destructor on honeybee (Apis mellifera scutellata) colony development in South Africa	Strauss U., Pirk C.W.W., Crewe R.M., Human H., Dietemann V.	2015	Experimental and Applied Acarology	65	1	10.1007/s10493-014-9842-7	Social Insect Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa; Swiss Bee Research Centre, Agroscope Research Station, Bern, Switzerland	Strauss, U., Social Insect Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa; Pirk, C.W.W., Social Insect Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa; Crewe, R.M., Social Insect Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa; Human, H., Social Insect Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa; Dietemann, V., Social Insect Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa, Swiss Bee Research Centre, Agroscope Research Station, Bern, Switzerland	The devastating effects of Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman on European honeybee colonies (Apis mellifera L.) have been well documented. Not only do these mites cause physical damage to parasitised individuals when they feed on them, they also transmit viruses and other pathogens, weaken colonies and can ultimately cause their death. Nevertheless, not all honeybee colonies are doomed once Varroa mites become established. Some populations, such as the savannah honeybee, A. m. scutellata, have become tolerant after the introduction of the parasite and are able to withstand the presence of these mites without the need for acaricides. In this study, we measured daily Varroa mite fall, Varroa infestation rates of adult honeybees and worker brood, and total Varroa population size in acaricide treated and untreated honeybee colonies. In addition, honeybee colony development was compared between these groups in order to measure the cost incurred by Varroa mites to their hosts. Daily Varroa mite fall decreased over the experimental period with different dynamics in treated and untreated colonies. Varroa infestation rates in treated adult honeybees and brood were lower than in untreated colonies, but not significantly so. Thus, indicating a minimal benefit of treatment thereby suggesting that A. m. scutellata have the ability to maintain mite populations at low levels. We obtained baseline data on Varroa population dynamics in a tolerant honeybee over the winter period. Varroa mites appeared to have a low impact on this honeybee population, given that colony development was similar in the treated and untreated colonies. © 2014, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.	Apis mellifera scutellata; Honeybee; Infestation; Mite; Tolerance; Varroa destructor	Acari; Apis mellifera; Apis mellifera scutellata; Varroa; Varroa destructor; acaricide; animal; bee; drug effects; growth, development and aging; parasitology; physiology; season; South Africa; time; Varroidae; Acaricides; Animals; Bees; Seasons; South Africa; Time Factors; Varroidae	NRF, National Research Foundation of Korea; UP, National Research Foundation of Korea
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960835589	Time for a re-evaluation of mammography in the young? Results of an audit of mammography in women younger than 40 in a resource restricted environment	Taylor L., Basro S., Apffelstaedt J.P., Baatjes K.	2011	Breast Cancer Research and Treatment	129	1	10.1007/s10549-011-1630-z	Medial Faculty, Breast Clinic, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, PO Box 19063, Cape Town 7505, South Africa	Taylor, L., Medial Faculty, Breast Clinic, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, PO Box 19063, Cape Town 7505, South Africa; Basro, S., Medial Faculty, Breast Clinic, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, PO Box 19063, Cape Town 7505, South Africa; Apffelstaedt, J.P., Medial Faculty, Breast Clinic, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, PO Box 19063, Cape Town 7505, South Africa; Baatjes, K., Medial Faculty, Breast Clinic, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, PO Box 19063, Cape Town 7505, South Africa	Mammography in younger women is considered to be of limited value. In a resource restricted environment without access to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and with a high incidence of breast cancer in the young, mammography remains an important diagnostic tool. Recent technical advances and better regulation of mammography make a reassessment of its value in these conditions necessary. Data of all the mammograms performed at a tertiary hospital and private breast clinic between January 2003 and July 2009 in women less than 40 years of age were collected. Indications were the presence of a mass, follow-up after primary cancer therapy, and screening for patients perceived at high risk due to a family history or the presence of atypical hyperplasia. Data acquired were as follows: Demographics, prior breast surgery, indication for mammography, outcome of mammography, diagnostic procedures, and their results. Of 2,167 mammograms, 393 were performed for a palpable mass, diagnostic mammography. In these, the overall cancer detection rate was 40%. If the mammography was reported as breast imaging reporting and data system (BIRADS®) 5 versus BIRADS® 3 and 4 versus BIRADS® 1 and 2, a final diagnosis of malignancy was established in 96, 48, and 5%, respectively. Of 367 mammograms done for the follow-up after primary treatment of breast cancer, seven cancers were diagnosed for a detection rate of 1.9%. Of 1,312 mammograms performed for screening, the recall rate was 4%; the biopsy rate 2%, and the cancer diagnosis rate 3/1,000 examinations. In contrast to past series, this series has shown that recent advances in mammography have made it a useful tool in the management of breast problems in young women, notably in a resource-restricted environment. Women for screening should be selected carefully. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Mammography; MRI; Resource restricted environments; Ultrasound; Young women	adult; article; breast biopsy; breast cancer; breast hyperplasia; breast surgery; breast tumor; cancer diagnosis; cancer screening; cancer therapy; controlled study; family history; female; follow up; human; imaging system; major clinical study; mammography; predictive value; priority journal; Adult; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Mammography; Mass Screening; Neoplasm Staging; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-62949233101	How gold deposition affects anatase performance in the photo-catalytic oxidation of cyclohexane	Carneiro J.T., Yang C.-C., Moma J.A., Moulijn J.A., Mul G.	2009	Catalysis Letters	129	42371	10.1007/s10562-008-9801-1	Catalysis Engineering, DelftChemTech, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, Netherlands; Project Au-TEK Catalysis, Advanced Materials Division, MINTEK, Private Bag X3015, Randburg, South Africa	Carneiro, J.T., Catalysis Engineering, DelftChemTech, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, Netherlands; Yang, C.-C., Catalysis Engineering, DelftChemTech, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, Netherlands; Moma, J.A., Project Au-TEK Catalysis, Advanced Materials Division, MINTEK, Private Bag X3015, Randburg, South Africa; Moulijn, J.A., Catalysis Engineering, DelftChemTech, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, Netherlands; Mul, G., Catalysis Engineering, DelftChemTech, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, Netherlands	Gold deposition on Hombikat UV100 was found to negatively affect the activity of this Anatase catalyst in selective photo-oxidation of cyclohexane. By ammonia TPD and DRIFT spectroscopy it was determined that the Au deposition procedure leads to a significant decrease in OH-group density (mol m -2 BET) on Hombikat, suggesting that the amount of surface OH-groups, rather than the presence or absence of Au, is determining the catalytic performance. The importance of surface OH-groups was demonstrated by comparing the performance of Hombikat (with and without Au deposition) to surface propoxylated TiO2, synthesized by a sol-gel method from titanium (IV) isopropoxide. The effect of the deposition recipe of noble metals on the surface composition of TiO2 should thus be taken into account in evaluating and explaining photocatalytic performance of TiO2 modified by noble metals (Au), in particular in non-aqueous phase reactions. © 2009 The Author(s).	Au; Cyclohexane; DRIFT; NH3; OH-group density; Oxidation; Photocatalysis; Sol-gel; TiO2; Titanium (IV) isopropoxide	Catalyst activity; Cyclohexane; Fullerenes; Gelation; Gels; Gold deposits; Photocatalysis; Precious metals; Sol-gel process; Sol-gels; Sols; Titanium; Titanium dioxide; Titanium oxides; Au; DRIFT; NH<sub>3</sub>; OH-group density; Sol-gel; TiO<sub>2</sub>; Catalytic oxidation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873740371	Climate change impacts on sugarcane attainable yield in southern Brazil	Marin F.R., Jones J.W., Singels A., Royce F., Assad E.D., Pellegrino G.Q., Justino F.	2013	Climatic Change	117	42371	10.1007/s10584-012-0561-y	Embrapa Agricultural Informatics, Av. André Tosello, 209 - Barão Geraldo, CP 6041- 13083-886 Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, PO Box 110570, Gainesville, FL, United States; South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa; Departamento de Engenharia Agricola, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil	Marin, F.R., Embrapa Agricultural Informatics, Av. André Tosello, 209 - Barão Geraldo, CP 6041- 13083-886 Campinas, SP, Brazil; Jones, J.W., Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, PO Box 110570, Gainesville, FL, United States; Singels, A., South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa; Royce, F., Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, PO Box 110570, Gainesville, FL, United States; Assad, E.D., Embrapa Agricultural Informatics, Av. André Tosello, 209 - Barão Geraldo, CP 6041- 13083-886 Campinas, SP, Brazil; Pellegrino, G.Q., Embrapa Agricultural Informatics, Av. André Tosello, 209 - Barão Geraldo, CP 6041- 13083-886 Campinas, SP, Brazil; Justino, F., Departamento de Engenharia Agricola, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil	This study evaluated the effects of climate change on sugarcane yield, water use efficiency, and irrigation needs in southern Brazil, based on downscaled outputs of two general circulation models (PRECIS and CSIRO) and a sugarcane growth model. For three harvest cycles every year, the DSSAT/CANEGRO model was used to simulate the baseline and four future climate scenarios for stalk yield for the 2050s. The model was calibrated for the main cultivar currently grown in Brazil based on five field experiments under several soil and climate conditions. The sensitivity of simulated stalk fresh mass (SFM) to air temperature, CO2 concentration [CO2] and rainfall was also analyzed. Simulated SFM responses to [CO2], air temperature and rainfall variations were consistent with the literature. There were increases in simulated SFM and water usage efficiency (WUE) for all scenarios. On average, for the current sugarcane area in the State of São Paulo, SFM would increase 24 % and WUE 34 % for rainfed sugarcane. The WUE rise is relevant because of the current concern about water supply in southern Brazil. Considering the current technological improvement rate, projected yields for 2050 ranged from 96 to 129 t ha-1, which are respectively 15 and 59 % higher than the current state average yield. © 2012 The Author(s).	None	Air temperature; Average yield; Climate change impact; Climate condition; Field experiment; Future climate scenarios; General circulation model; Growth models; Harvest cycles; Rainfall variation; Rainfed; Southern Brazil; Sugarcane yield; Technological improvements; Water usage; Water use efficiency; Atmospheric temperature; Climate change; Climate models; Geologic models; Rain; Water supply; Carbon dioxide; air temperature; atmospheric general circulation model; carbon dioxide; climate change; climate effect; crop yield; cultivar; growth modeling; harvesting; irrigation system; rainfed agriculture; sugar cane; technological development; water supply; yield response; Brazil; Precis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925881632	Modeling high-impact weather and climate: lessons from a tropical cyclone perspective	Done J.M., Holland G.J., Bruyère C.L., Leung L.R., Suzuki-Parker A.	2015	Climatic Change	129	42433	10.1007/s10584-013-0954-6	NCAR Earth System Laboratory, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO, United States; Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PO Box 999, Richland, WA, United States; University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan	Done, J.M., NCAR Earth System Laboratory, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO, United States; Holland, G.J., NCAR Earth System Laboratory, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO, United States; Bruyère, C.L., NCAR Earth System Laboratory, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO, United States, Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Leung, L.R., Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PO Box 999, Richland, WA, United States; Suzuki-Parker, A., University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan	Although the societal impact of a weather event increases with the rarity of the event, our current ability to assess extreme events and their impacts is limited by not only rarity but also by current model fidelity and a lack of understanding and capacity to model the underlying physical processes. This challenge is driving fresh approaches to assess high-impact weather and climate. Recent lessons learned in modeling high-impact weather and climate are presented using the case of tropical cyclones as an illustrative example. Through examples using the Nested Regional Climate Model to dynamically downscale large-scale climate data the need to treat bias in the driving data is illustrated. Domain size, location, and resolution are also shown to be critical and should be adequate to: include relevant regional climate physical processes; resolve key impact parameters; and accurately simulate the response to changes in external forcing. The notion of sufficient model resolution is introduced together with the added value in combining dynamical and statistical assessments to fill out the parent distribution of high-impact parameters. © 2013, The Author(s).	None	Hurricanes; Meteorology; Storms; Current modeling; Impact-parameter; Physical process; Regional climate; Regional climate modeling; Societal impacts; Statistical assessment; Tropical cyclone; Climate models; accuracy assessment; climate effect; climate forcing; climate modeling; downscaling; parameterization; regional climate; simulation; tropical cyclone	DE-AC02-06CH11357, DOE, U.S. Department of Energy
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919876992	Dissecting indices of aridity for assessing the impacts of global climate change	Girvetz E.H., Zganjar C.	2014	Climatic Change	126	04-Mar	10.1007/s10584-014-1218-9	International Center for Tropical Agriculture, PO Box 823-00621, Nairobi, Kenya; University of Washington School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Box 352100, Seattle, WA, United States; The Nature Conservancy Central Science Program, 4245 North Fairfax Dr, Arlington, VA, United States	Girvetz, E.H., International Center for Tropical Agriculture, PO Box 823-00621, Nairobi, Kenya, University of Washington School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Box 352100, Seattle, WA, United States, The Nature Conservancy Central Science Program, 4245 North Fairfax Dr, Arlington, VA, United States; Zganjar, C., The Nature Conservancy Central Science Program, 4245 North Fairfax Dr, Arlington, VA, United States	There is great interest in understanding how climate change will impact aridity through the interaction of precipitation changes with rising temperatures. The Aridity Index (AI), Climatic Moisture Deficit (CMD), and Climatic Moisture Surplus (CMS) are metrics commonly used to quantify and map patterns in aridity and water cycling. Here we show that these metrics have different patterns of change under future climate—based on an ensemble of nine general circulation climate models—and the different metrics are appropriate for different purposes. Based on these differences between the metrics, we propose that aridity can be dissected into three different types—hydrological (CMS), agricultural (CMD), and meteorological. In doing this, we propose a novel modified version of the Aridity Index, called AI+, that can be useful for assessing changes in meteorological aridity. The AI + is based on the same ratio between precipitation and evapotranspiration as the traditional AI, but unlike the traditional AI, the AI + only accounts for changes to precipitation during months when precipitation is less than reference/potential evapotranspiration (i.e. there is a deficit). Moreover, we show that the traditional AI provides a better estimate of change in moisture surplus driven by changes to precipitation during the wet season, rather than changes in deficit that occur during the drier seasons. These results show that it is important to select the most appropriate metric for assessing climate driven changes in aridity. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	None	Climate models; Dissection; Evapotranspiration; Moisture; Aridity index; Future climate; General circulation; Global climate changes; Moisture deficit; Precipitation change; Rising temperatures; Water cycling; Climate change	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905505316	Synthesis and evaluation of quindoline and its analogue as potential anticancer agents	Boahen Y.O., Mann J.	2014	Chemistry of Natural Compounds	50	3	10.1007/s10600-014-0995-8	Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Chemistry Department, University of Reading, Reading RG6 7AD, United Kingdom; School of Chemistry, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT 9 5AG, United Kingdom	Boahen, Y.O., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana, Chemistry Department, University of Reading, Reading RG6 7AD, United Kingdom; Mann, J., Chemistry Department, University of Reading, Reading RG6 7AD, United Kingdom, School of Chemistry, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT 9 5AG, United Kingdom	Several derivatives of quindoline, 10H-(indolo[3,2-b]quinoline), alkaloids were prepared by the modification of the Pfitzinger quinoline reaction. The conversion of quindoline was 71% while that of another compound, 2,10-bis(dimethylaminoethyl)-indolo[3,2-b]quinoline, was 64%. In the evaluation of the cytotoxicities of the two compounds using five human ovarian cancer cell lines, namely SKOV-3, A2780, A2780R, CHI, and CHIR, quindoline gave minimum inhibitory concentration (IC50) results of 66, 21.5, 24.5, 15.5, and 30 M, respectively whiles the more potent compound, 2,10-bis(dimethylaminoethyl) -indolo[3,2-b]quinoline, gave 6.3, 12.5, 10.5, 8.4, and 12.5 M, respectively. A third compound, 2-(3′-hydroxypropan-1′-yl)-10H-indolo[3,2-b] quinoline, was prepared by the Heck reaction in a yield of 70%. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York.	cancer; cytotoxicity; minimum inhibitory concentration; quindoline	None	None
WoS	WOS:000247094100002	Impact of small arms insecurity on the public health of pastoralists in the Kenya-Uganda border regions	Mkutu, Kennedy Agade	2007	CRIME LAW AND SOCIAL CHANGE	47	1	10.1007/s10611-007-9056-6	Kenya Inst Adm	None	Small arms must be considered as a public health problem, but quantifying the public health impact of small arms is difficult and studies are sparse in areas of conflict. This study considers the remote cross border area between Kenya and Uganda where pastoral conflict in the form of cattle raiding with the use of small arms has escalated in recent years, and where health facilities are scarce. Hospitals and clinics in Karamoja, Uganda, and West Pokot, Kenya were visited by the author, to collect any available data on small arms injuries. Interviews with hospital staff helped to provide further insight into the statistics. Statistics showed that most injuries were sustained during raiding, though worrying incidences of injury among noncombatants and young children were found. Many serious injuries and limb fractures were documented, likely to have some long-term implications for pain, growth, disability, and livelihood. Deaths and injuries are likely to be significantly underestimated by the statistics, due to problems of transport, insecurity, deaths prior to arrival, admission fees for some facilities, and fear of reporting injuries due to the criminal element. Police statistics support this conclusion. The situation appeared to be worse in Uganda as opposed to Kenya, but cooperation between the two countries is needed since pastoralists readily cross the borders both to raid and to attend clinics and hospitals.	,CONFLICT,POLITICS,STATE,SUNGUSUNGU,TANZANIA,"VILLAGE VIGILANTE GROUPS",VIOLENCE	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929709341	Impact of a participatory cyber crime prevention programme on secondary school students’ attainment in crime prevention concepts in civic education and social studies	Amosun P.A., Ige O.A., Choo K.-K.R.	2015	Education and Information Technologies	20	3	10.1007/s10639-013-9298-0	University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria; University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia	Amosun, P.A., University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ige, O.A., Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria; Choo, K.-K.R., University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia	Nigeria is considered by many to be a cyber crime hot spot, and is often ranked among the world’s top cyber crime committing countries (e.g. advanced fee fraud is also known as Nigerian scams and 419 scams—419 is a section under the Nigerian Criminal Code Act that prohibits obtaining goods by false pretences). We designed a cyber crime prevention programme based on the action research paradigm. We the used the pretest-postest quasi experimental design to evaluate the impact of the action cyber crime prevention programme on 218 Nigerian secondary school students’ attainment in Civic Education and Social Studies. The students were purposefully selected from whole classes in six secondary schools in Nigeria. Our analysis suggested that the action cyber crime prevention programme has a positive effect on students’ attainment in cyber crime prevention. Future work includes extending the Action Cyber Crime Prevention Programme to a wider audience in Nigeria and other developing countries. © 2013, Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Action cyber crime prevention programme; Civic education; Cyber crime education; Learning outcomes; Secondary school students’; Social studies	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939881403	Habitat simplification increases the impact of a freshwater invasive fish	Alexander M.E., Kaiser H., Weyl O.L.F., Dick J.T.A.	2014	Environmental Biology of Fishes	98	2	10.1007/s10641-014-0278-z	Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa; Department of Ichythology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa; South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, South Africa; Centre for Invasion Biology, SAIAB, Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, South Africa; Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, MBC, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom	Alexander, M.E., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa; Kaiser, H., Department of Ichythology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa; Weyl, O.L.F., South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, South Africa, Centre for Invasion Biology, SAIAB, Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, South Africa; Dick, J.T.A., Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, MBC, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom	Biodiversity continues to decline at a range of spatial scales and there is an urgent requirement to understand how multiple drivers interact in causing such declines. Further, we require methodologies that can facilitate predictions of the effects of such drivers in the future. Habitat degradation and biological invasions are two of the most important threats to biodiversity and here we investigate their combined effects, both in terms of understanding and predicting impacts on native species. The predatory largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides is one of the World’s Worst Invaders, causing declines in native prey species, and its introduction often coincides with habitat simplification. We investigated the predatory functional response, as a measure of ecological impact, of juvenile largemouth bass in artificial vegetation over a range of habitat complexities (high, intermediate, low and zero). Prey, the female guppy Poecilia reticulata, were representative of native fish. As habitats became less complex, significantly more prey were consumed, since, even although attack rates declined, reduced handling times resulted in higher maximum feeding rates by bass. At all levels of habitat complexity, bass exhibited potentially population de-stabilising Type II functional responses, with no emergence of more stabilising Type III functional responses as often occurs in predator-prey relationships in complex habitats. Thus, habitat degradation and simplification potentially exacerbate the impact of this invasive species, but even highly complex habitats may ultimately not protect native species. The utilisation of functional responses under varying environmental contexts provides a method for the understanding and prediction of invasive species impacts. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Freshwater fish; Functional response; Global change; Habitat complexity; Impact; Invasive species	None	DMR, Department of Science and Technology, Republic of South Africa; DST, Department of Science and Technology, Republic of South Africa; NRF, Department of Science and Technology, Republic of South Africa; 85,417, Department of Science and Technology, Re
Scopus	2-s2.0-35448988108	The R&D performance of the South African manufacturing sector, 1970-1993	Fedderke J., Schirmer S.	2006	Economic Change and Restructuring	39	42371	10.1007/s10644-007-9023-3	School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Fedderke, J., School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; Schirmer, S., University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	In this article we undertake a detailed exploration of the research and development activities in one particular middle-income country. We explore what the data from R&D surveys can tell us about the levels, the determinants and the effectiveness of R&D in the manufacturing sector. We point to some of the broader factors that may have influenced South Africa's drive to improve the technological capacity of its manufacturing sector, but we mostly focus on those issues associated directly with R&D. We show that the degree of interaction between the different domains of R&D activity, business, government and the tertiary sector has been weak, and that the possibility of positive spill-overs between these domains has not been fully exploited. In addition, little or no policy intervention designed to stimulate R&D activity by industry has been deployed in South Africa. We find that South African R&D activity has mainly been reactive in character and suggest that this lies at the heart of South Africa's mixed R&D performance in relation to other developing countries. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. 2007.	Manufacturing; R&D; South Africa	developing world; industrial performance; manufacturing; performance assessment; research and development; spillover effect; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955474777	Export diversification and economic performance: Evidence from Brazil, China, India and South Africa	Naudé W., Rossouw R.	2011	Economic Change and Restructuring	44	42371	10.1007/s10644-010-9089-1	World Institute for Development Economics Research, United Nations University, Helsinki, Finland; School of Economics, North-West University, Potchefst, South Africa and Eon Consulting, Midrand, South Africa	Naudé, W., World Institute for Development Economics Research, United Nations University, Helsinki, Finland; Rossouw, R., School of Economics, North-West University, Potchefst, South Africa and Eon Consulting, Midrand, South Africa	In this paper we discuss relationship between export diversity and economic performance, focusing on Brazil, China, India and South Africa (BCIS). Using time data on exports over the period 1962-2000 and Applied General Equilibrium (AGE) models for each country, we note the similarities as well as differences in the patterns of diversification in these countries. We find evidence of a U-shape relationship between per capita income and export specialization in at least China and South Africa, and given that the results from Granger causality testing are inconclusive and not robust with regards to export diversification measures, some preliminary evidence from the results suggest that export diversification Granger causes GDP per capita in Brazil, China and South Africa, but not in India, where it is rather GDP per capita changes that are driving export diversification. From AGE modeling we find that South Africa differs from the other economies in that it is the only case where export diversification has an unambiguously positive impact on economic development while in contrast in Brazil, China and India, it is rather export specialization that is preferred. We show that the manner in which export diversification is obtained may be important: if it is obtained with less of a reduction in traditional exports, the impacts are better (less negative). © 2010 UNU-WIDER.	Applied general equilibrium modeling; Brazil; China; Diversification; Exports; India; South Africa; Specialization	computer simulation; economic development; economic impact; export; export led development; general equilibrium analysis; Granger causality test; Gross Domestic Product; income distribution; numerical model; specialization; time series; trade performance; Brazil; China; India; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33644867731	Evaluation of the gill filament-based EROD assay in African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) as a monitoring tool for waterborne PAH-type contaminants	Mdegela R., Myburgh J., Correia D., Braathen M., Ejobi F., Botha C., Sandvik M., Skaare J.U.	2006	Ecotoxicology	15	1	10.1007/s10646-005-0041-5	Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Veterinary Faculty, University of Eduardo Mondlane, P.O. Box 257, Maputo, Mozambique; Department of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Food Hygiene, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Dep., 0033, P.O. Box 8156, Oslo, Norway; Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Dep., 0033, P.O. Box 8146, Oslo, Norway	Mdegela, R., Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania; Myburgh, J., Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Correia, D., Veterinary Faculty, University of Eduardo Mondlane, P.O. Box 257, Maputo, Mozambique; Braathen, M., Department of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Food Hygiene, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Dep., 0033, P.O. Box 8156, Oslo, Norway; Ejobi, F., Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Botha, C., Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Sandvik, M., Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Dep., 0033, P.O. Box 8146, Oslo, Norway; Skaare, J.U., Department of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Food Hygiene, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Dep., 0033, P.O. Box 8156, Oslo, Norway, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Dep., 0033, P.O. Box 8146, Oslo, Norway	The ability of African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in inducing cytochrome P-450 class 1A (CYP1A) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) biomarkers was determined in liver and gill filaments after 4 days of waterborne exposure to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). Male (n = 6) and female (n = 6) fish were exposed to B[a]P added to the water (30 μg/l) corresponding to 5 mg/kg total body weight. Five female and six male fish, exposed to acetone alone added to the water served as controls. The 7-ethoxyresurufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity was measured in hepatic microsomes and gill filaments. In addition, GST activity was determined in the hepatic cytosolic fraction and fluorescent aromatic compounds (FACs) in bile and biliverdin. Benzo[a]pyrene strongly induced EROD activities in gill filaments of both sex. Levels of FACs per ml of bile were 17-fold higher in exposed fish compared to the controls. Correlations between induction of EROD activities in gill filaments and liver and between induction of EROD activities in gill filaments and levels of biliary FACs metabolites were strong. GST activities in the hepatic cytosolic fraction were similar amongst the treated and control groups. This is the first report on studies determining EROD activities in gill filaments and hepatic tissue, FACs in bile and GST in hepatic tissues of C. gariepinus after waterborne exposure to B[a]P. The findings suggest that the gill filament-based EROD assay in C. gariepinus can be used to monitor the pollution of AhR agonists in aquatic ecosystems in eastern and southern African countries. © 2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.	African catfish; Benzo[a]pyrene; Biomarkers; Clarias gariepinus; Gill and liver EROD assay	acetone; benzo[a]pyrene; biliverdin; biological marker; cytochrome P450 1A; ethoxyresorufin; ethoxyresorufin deethylase; glutathione transferase; liver enzyme; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; resorufin; aquatic ecosystem; biomarker; biomonitoring; fish; PAH; Africa; animal experiment; animal tissue; aquatic environment; article; bile; catfish; controlled study; cytosol; environmental exposure; environmental monitoring; enzyme activity; enzyme assay; enzyme induction; evaluation; female; fluorescence; gill; liver; liver microsome; male; metabolite; nonhuman; priority journal; water pollution; Animals; Bile; Biological Assay; Biological Markers; Catfishes; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; Environmental Monitoring; Female; Gills; Glutathione Transferase; Liver; Male; Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Animalia; Clarias gariepinus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880922563	The use of feathers in monitoring bioaccumulation of metals and metalloids in the South African endangered African grass-owl (Tyto capensis)	Ansara-Ross T.M., Ross M.J., Wepener V.	2013	Ecotoxicology	22	6	10.1007/s10646-013-1095-4	Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg Auckland Park, PO Box 524, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; Water Research Group (Ecotoxicology), Research Unit for Environmental Science and Management, North West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	Ansara-Ross, T.M., Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg Auckland Park, PO Box 524, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; Ross, M.J., Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg Auckland Park, PO Box 524, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; Wepener, V., Water Research Group (Ecotoxicology), Research Unit for Environmental Science and Management, North West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	Few studies have quantified metals in South African species and no published data on residues specifically in South African owl feathers exist. Tyto capensis is listed as vulnerable within South Africa, making it preferable to use a non-invasive technique to determine metal bioaccumulation for this species. Comparisons are made with the cosmopolitan T. alba to determine whether this species could be used as a surrogate. Concentrations of various metals were thus determined in feathers of the two species and compared with liver and muscle samples. Samples were taken from 119 owls collected as road kill along a national road. A comparison of concentrations in feathers revealed similarly higher concentrations of aluminium, antimony, lead, nickel, and strontium, whereas concentrations of chromium, copper, iron, manganese, selenium, titanium and zinc were similarly higher in internal tissues for both species. Metal concentrations of owls were comparable to those reported in literature and below toxic levels, suggesting that these metals were not likely to impact the owls. Further regressions between feathers and corresponding livers were examined to determine if feathers were indicative of internal metal burdens. Significant positive relationships were found for aluminium, copper, lead, nickel and vanadium in T. alba and nickel, manganese and vanadium in T. capensis. Preliminary results support the feasibility of using feathers as non-destructive indicators of environmental contamination in T. capensis although caution needs to be taken when interpreting the results. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Feathers; Metals; Owls; South Africa; Tyto capensis	aluminum; antimony; arsenic; cadmium; chromium; copper; iron; lead; manganese; metal; metalloid; nickel; selenium; strontium; titanium; vanadium; zinc; bioaccumulation; bioindicator; biomonitoring; bird; endangered species; feather; physiological response; sampling; toxicity; trace metal; animal tissue; article; bioaccumulation; endangered species; environmental monitoring; feasibility study; feather; female; geographic distribution; liver; male; muscle; nonhuman; owl; pollution; priority journal; quantitative analysis; sex difference; South Africa; species comparison; toxicity testing; Tyto alba; Tyto capensis; Animals; Chromium; Copper; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollutants; Feathers; Female; Iron; Lead; Male; Manganese; Metalloids; Nickel; Selenium; Strigiformes; Titanium; Vanadium; Zinc; South Africa; Strigiformes; Tyto capensis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930508945	Evaluation of geochemical characteristics and health effects of some geophagic clays southern Nigeria	Olatunji A.S., Olajide-Kayode J.O., Abimbola A.F.	2014	Environmental Geochemistry and Health	36	6	10.1007/s10653-014-9619-2	Department of Geology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Olatunji, A.S., Department of Geology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Olajide-Kayode, J.O., Department of Geology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Abimbola, A.F., Department of Geology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The geochemical characteristics of geophagic clays from Calabar and Okon-Eket, southern Nigeria were evaluated to determine their quality and the possible health effects of their consumption. The study involved the measurement of the pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) of the slurried clay samples soaked in distilled water for 48 h using digital multi-parameters probe as well as the elemental and mineralogical analyses of twenty geophagic clay samples for elemental and mineralogical constituents using both the ICP-MS and XRD, respectively. Medical data were also mined from medical facilities within the area in addition to the administering of questionnaire to adults involved in the geophagic practices in order to determine their justification for the practice as well as their and clay preferences. Results of physicochemical measurement revealed that the pH range of the samples ranges from 3.9 to 6.9 and 6.5 to 7.0; EC 0.3–377.7 and 0.12–82.38 µS/cm; TDS 1.98–2,432.65 and 0.08–52.95 mg/L for consumed and non-consumed clay, respectively. The elemental analyses revealed that the concentration of some potential harmful elements, PHEs, exceeded the recommended dietary intake by humans. This is especially true for Cu (9.1–23 ppm), Pb (16.7–55.6 ppm), Zn (13–148 ppm), Ni (11.1–46.4 ppm), Co (1.8–21.7 ppm), Mn (16–338 ppm), As (BDL-15 ppm) and Cd (BDL-0.2 ppm). The predominant phases established in the clay samples are quartz and kaolinite, while the minor minerals were montmorillonite and muscovite in all the clay samples. Respondents revealed that capacity for relief from gastrointestinal problems believes in the curative power to cure skin infections and cultural reasons as main justification for the geophagic practices. This is, however, not in conformity with information gleaned from the medical records which still indicated that the prevalent diseases in the area still include gastrointestinal problems in addition to malaria, hypertension and cardiac failure with minor cases of respiratory tract infections. The high concentrations of the PHEs may be responsible for or contribute in part to the prevalence of hypertension, cardiac failures and gastrointestinal problems within the study areas. Though the kaolinite present in the geophagic clays makes them suitable for use as traditional antacids; however, the toxic trace element concentrations and significant quartz content will most likely mask the beneficial effects of such kaolinite. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Geochemical evaluation; Geophagic; Kaolinite; Montmorillonite; PHEs	aluminum silicate; clay; pollutant; soil; adult; analysis; chemistry; environmental monitoring; human; mass spectrometry; Nigeria; pica; pollutant; sediment; soil; X ray diffraction; Adult; Aluminum Silicates; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollutants; Geologic Sediments; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Nigeria; Pica; Soil; X-Ray Diffraction	None
None	None	Difference in blood pressure readings with mercury and automated devices: Impact on hypertension prevalence estimates in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Chiolero A., Gervasoni J.-P., Rwebogora A., Balampama M., Paccaud F., Bovet P.	2006	European Journal of Epidemiology	21	6	10.1007/s10654-006-9015-z	Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Ministry of Regional Administration and Local Government, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Lausanne, 17, rue du Bugnon, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland	Chiolero, A., Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Gervasoni, J.-P., Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Rwebogora, A., Ministry of Regional Administration and Local Government, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Balampama, M., Ministry of Regional Administration and Local Government, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Paccaud, F., Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Bovet, P., Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Lausanne, 17, rue du Bugnon, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland	Objectives: (1) To compare blood pressure (BP) readings with an automated arm cuff oscillometric device (AutoBP) to readings with a mercury sphygmomanometer (HgBP) and (2) to evaluate the impact on the prevalence of hypertension (HBP) in a population-based survey. Methods: (1) In a convenience sample ("Comparison Study"), we measured BP with both AutoBP (Visomat® OZ2) and HgBP and we modeled BP difference (ΔBP = HgBP-AutoBP) with multiple regression analysis. (2) Using ΔBP, we calculated HgBP in a survey previously conducted in Dar es Salaam ("Population Survey") in which BP was measured with the automatic device Visomat® OZ2 and we compared the prevalence of HBP (≥140/90 mmHg or treatment). Results: In the Comparison Study (404 subjects aged 25-64), systolic/diastolic BP was higher by 4.4/4.7 mmHg (SE: 0.4/0.3) with HgBP than AutoBP. The prevalence of HBP was 42% with HgBP and 36% with AutoBP (relative difference of 14%). ΔBP was associated with age, BP and arm circumference. In the Population Survey (9.254 subjects aged 25-64), the prevalence of HBP was 17% with calculated HgBP and 14% with AutoBP (relative difference of 20%). Conclusion: A small systematic bias in BP readings between two different devices had large impact on hypertension prevalence estimates. This suggests that automated devices used in epidemiological studies should be validated with particular care. © Springer 2006.	Blood pressure measurement; Hypertension; Tanzania; Validation protocol	mercury; adult; age; arm circumference; article; automation; blood pressure measurement; body mass; comparative study; controlled study; device; diastolic blood pressure; female; human; hypertension; major clinical study; male; multiple regression; prevalence; sphygmomanometer; systolic blood pressure; Tanzania; validation study; Adult; Blood Pressure; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Mercury; Middle Aged; Oscillometry; Prevalence; Sphygmomanometers; Tanzania	None
None	None	Field evaluation for resistance to the black rot pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in cabbage (Brassica oleracea)	Jensen B.D., Massomo S.M.S., Swai I.S., Hockenhull J., Andersen S.B.	2005	European Journal of Plant Pathology	113	3	10.1007/s10658-005-2799-y	Department of Plant Biology, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Department of Agricultural Sciences, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3005, Morogoro, Tanzania; Tengeru Horticultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 1253, Arusha, Tanzania; Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center, Africa Regional Program, P.O. Box 10, Duluti, Arusha, Tanzania	Jensen, B.D., Department of Plant Biology, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Massomo, S.M.S., Department of Plant Biology, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3005, Morogoro, Tanzania; Swai, I.S., Tengeru Horticultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 1253, Arusha, Tanzania, Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center, Africa Regional Program, P.O. Box 10, Duluti, Arusha, Tanzania; Hockenhull, J., Department of Plant Biology, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Andersen, S.B., Department of Agricultural Sciences, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark	Black rot, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, (Xcc), is one of the most serious diseases of crucifers world-wide. Forty-nine genotypes were evaluated for resistance under field conditions in Tanzania after artificial inoculation with Xcc race 1. Open pollinated white cabbage cultivars were generally susceptible, while Portuguese and pointed cabbages exhibited partial resistance. Some F1 white cabbage cultivars were highly susceptible, whereas others exhibited a high level of partial resistance. The most promising of the hybrid cultivars were T-689 F1, Gianty F1, No. 9690 F1, N 66 F1, and SWR-02 F1. Breeding line Badger I-16 exhibited the highest level of resistance of all genotypes. The genotypes accounted for 72.9-75.5% of the variation of the disease severity when assessed on the leaves, and 71.4% of the variation when assessed as internal black rot in heads at harvest. High correlations (equal to or above 0.7) were found between disease severities assessed on leaves three times during the growing season and also with the amount of internal black rot in heads. Leaf loss also was correlated with disease severity. The high genetic determination of the trait and the high correlations between disease assessments indicate that selection for resistance to black rot will be efficient when field screenings are carried out. Evaluation of genotypes for disease severity on leaves during the growing season combined with evaluations of head resistance in the most promising genotypes may be a simple method to select resistant cultivars. © Springer 2005.	Bacterial plant disease; Breeding; Crucifers; Disease control; Genetic determination; Tanzania	bacterial disease; disease control; disease resistance; disease severity; genotype; Africa; East Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tanzania; Bacteria (microorganisms); Brassica oleracea; Brassica oleracea var. capitata; Taxidea taxus; Xanthomonas campestris; Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79958254797	Evaluation of strategies for the control of canola and lupin seedling diseases caused by Rhizoctonia anastomosis groups	Lamprecht S.C., Tewoldemedhin Y.T., Calitz F.J., Mazzola M.	2011	European Journal of Plant Pathology	130	3	10.1007/s10658-011-9764-8	Agricultural Research Council-Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X5017, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Agricultural Research Council-Biometry Unit, PO Box 8783, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, Wenatchee, WA 98801, United States	Lamprecht, S.C., Agricultural Research Council-Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X5017, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Tewoldemedhin, Y.T., Agricultural Research Council-Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X5017, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Calitz, F.J., Agricultural Research Council-Biometry Unit, PO Box 8783, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Mazzola, M., United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, Wenatchee, WA 98801, United States	Several methods with potential for the management of Rhizoctonia diseases of canola and lupin including plant resistance, fungicide seed treatment and biological control using binucleate Rhizoctonia anastomosis groups (AGs) were evaluated under glasshouse conditions. Screening included the examination of resistance of eight canola and eight lupin cultivars/selections to damping-off and hypocotyl/root rot caused by the multinucleate Rhizoctonia solani AG-2-1, 2-2, 4 and 11. All canola cultivars were highly susceptible to AG-2-1, but Rocket, Spectrum and 44C11 were more resistant than the other cultivars. Spectrum and 44C73 were also more resistant to AG-4 than the other canola cultivars. On lupin, R. solani AG-2-2 and 4 were most virulent, and the cultivar Cedara 6150 and selection E16 were most resistant to AG-2-2; Cedara 6150, E16, Mandelup and Quilinock were more resistant to AG-4 than the other cultivars/selections. The Lupinus luteus selections, E80.1.1.2 and E82. 1. 1 were most susceptible to AG-2-2, 4 and 11. Seed treatment with the fungicides Cruiser OSR (a.i. difenconazole, fludioxonil, metalaxyl-M, thiamethoxam) and SA-combination (a. i. iprodione, metalaxyl, thiram) significantly increased survival of canola and lupin seedlings, decreased hypocotyl/root rot and improved the percentage of healthy seedlings, with the SA-combination being significantly more effective than Cruiser OSR. Application of the binucleate Rhizoctonia AGs (A, Bo, K and I) significantly increased the survival of lupin seedlings inoculated with R. solani AG-2-2 and 4, and AG-I and K significantly improved survival of canola in the presence of AG-4. This is the first report of the potential of binucleate AGs to protect canola and lupin seedlings against infection by multinucleate AGs. © 2011 KNPV.	Binucleate; Multinucleate; Protective effect; Resistance; Seed treatment	biological control; canola; cultivar; disease control; disease resistance; fungal disease; fungicide; infectious disease; legume; pesticide application; survival; Brassica napus; Brassica napus var. napus; Hyphomycetes; Lupinus luteus; Rhizoctonia; Thanatephorus cucumeris	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855200997	Evaluation of Ethiopian sorghum accessions for resistance against Colletotrichum sublineolum	Chala A., Tronsmo A.M.	2012	European Journal of Plant Pathology	132	2	10.1007/s10658-011-9861-8	College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, P.O.Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; Plant Health and Plant Protection Division, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research (Bioforsk), Høgskoleveien 7, 1432 Ås, Norway	Chala, A., College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, P.O.Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway, Plant Health and Plant Protection Division, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research (Bioforsk), Høgskoleveien 7, 1432 Ås, Norway; Tronsmo, A.M., Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway	Field experiments were conducted in the 2007 and 2008 cropping seasons in Wolayta, southern Ethiopia, to assess the reaction of 56 Ethiopian sorghum accessions and two susceptible checks (AL70 and BTx623) to anthracnose from naturally occurring inoculum. Final anthracnose severity (FAS), relative area under the disease progress curve (rAUDPC, where a commonly used susceptible cultivar, AL70, was set to 1), and anthracnose progress rate were used as evaluation parameters. All the evaluation parameters revealed significant variation among the tested accessions. In 2007, anthracnose severity varied between 6.6 and 77.7%, and in 2008 it ranged from 9.7% to 76%. The Ethiopian sorghum accessions had rAUDPC ranging from 0.13 to 0.88 in 2007 and from 0.18 to 1.35 in 2008. Anthracnose progress rate varied between 0.02 and 0.06 and from 0.01 to 0.05 units per day in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Results from the three parameters were highly correlated (0.18-0.87), suggesting FAS would be a suitable selection parameter for germplasm screening. Fifteen accessions in 2007 and 18 in 2008 were rated as resistant, with six accessions rated as resistant in both years, suggesting germplasm from Ethiopia would be useful for breeding resistance to anthracnose. © 2011 KNPV.	Anthracnose; Disease progress; Inoculum; Sorghum bicolor	assessment method; cultivar; disease resistance; disease severity; fungal disease; germplasm; inoculation; sorghum; Ethiopia; Colletotrichum; Colletotrichum sublineolum; Sorghum bicolor	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897446615	Diversity in Puccinia triticina detected on wheat from 2008 to 2010 and the impact of new races on South African wheat germplasm	Terefe T.G., Visser B., Herselman L., Prins R., Negussie T., Kolmer J.A., Pretorius Z.A.	2014	European Journal of Plant Pathology	139	1	10.1007/s10658-013-0368-3	Agricultural Research Council-Small Grain Institute, Private Bag X29, Bethlehem, 9700, South Africa; Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; CenGen, 78 Fairbairn St., Worcester, 6850, South Africa; USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, United States	Terefe, T.G., Agricultural Research Council-Small Grain Institute, Private Bag X29, Bethlehem, 9700, South Africa; Visser, B., Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Herselman, L., Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Prins, R., Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa, CenGen, 78 Fairbairn St., Worcester, 6850, South Africa; Negussie, T., Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Kolmer, J.A., USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, United States; Pretorius, Z.A., Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Samples of wheat and triticale infected with leaf rust were collected from 2008 to 2010 in South Africa to identify Puccinia triticina races. Races were identified based on their virulence profile on standard differential lines. Eight races were identified from 362 isolates. The dominant races were 3SA133 (syn. PDRS) in 2008 (78 %) and 2009 (34 %), and 3SA145 (47 %) in 2010. Race 3SA145 (CCPS) identified in 2009 was a new race in South Africa with virulence for the adult plant resistance gene Lr37. Another new race, 3SA146 (MCDS), was identified in 2010. Race 3SA146 is also virulent for Lr37 but unlike 3SA145, it is virulent for Lr1 and Lr23 and avirulent for Lr3ka and Lr30. Microsatellite analysis showed that 3SA145 and 3SA146 shared 70 % genetic similarity with each other, but only 30 % similarity with other races in South Africa, suggesting that both represent foreign introductions. In seedling tests of 98 South African winter and spring cultivars and advanced breeding lines, 27 % were susceptible to 3SA145 and 3SA146 but resistant to 3SA133. In greenhouse studies of 59 spring wheat adult plants, 19 % of breeding lines and 46 % of cultivars were susceptible to 3SA145, whereas 29 % of the lines and 53 % of cultivars were susceptible to 3SA146. The cssfr6 gene-specific DNA marker confirmed the presence of Lr34 gene for leaf rust resistance in a homozygous condition in 28 wheat entries. Five entries were heterogeneous for Lr34. Several entries which were susceptible as seedlings to the new races carried Lr34. These lines are expected to show lower levels of leaf rust as adult plants. Results of these studies indicate a continued vulnerability of South African wheat cultivars to new races and emphasise the importance of regular rust monitoring and the need to incorporate genes for durable resistance. © 2014 KNPV.	Leaf rust; Lr34; Microsatellites; Puccinia triticina; Race	cultivar; disease resistance; fungal disease; gene expression; genetic marker; germplasm; seedling; species diversity; vulnerability; wheat; South Africa; Puccinia triticina; Triticosecale; Triticum aestivum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33847666890	Recovery assessment of a refined-oil impacted and fire ravaged mangrove ecosystem	Otitoloju A.A., Are T., Junaid K.A.	2007	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	127	03-Jan	10.1007/s10661-006-9285-7	Department of Zoology, Ecotoxicology Laboratory, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Federal Ministry of Environment, National Reference Laboratory, Lagos, Nigeria	Otitoloju, A.A., Department of Zoology, Ecotoxicology Laboratory, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Are, T., Department of Zoology, Ecotoxicology Laboratory, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Junaid, K.A., Federal Ministry of Environment, National Reference Laboratory, Lagos, Nigeria	An assessment of the diversity and abundance of macrobenthic community in a refined-oil (petrol) impacted and fire-ravaged mangrove ecosystem within the vicinity of a marine receipt terminal facility (Atlas Cove) serving as a distribution and pump station for refined products was carried out. The mangrove ecosystem was subjected to massive petrol spillage from a leaking pipeline and eventual fire outbreak. Following rehabilitation activities, a recovery assessment of the impacted ecosystem was carried out. The field surveys revealed that the petrol leakage and fire outbreak resulted in a near complete destruction of the mangrove ecosystem around the Atlas Cove depot, with macrobenthic species diversity index ranging between 00.4, compared to 0.780.87 in the control stations. The dominant early arrivals or colonizers of the impacted stations areas were Clibanarius africanus and Callinectes amnicola. Early signs of recovery of the impacted area were observed within about two and a half (2 1/2) to three (3) months, based on diversity and abundance indices respectively. The period of early signs of recovery also coincide with an observed reduction in the total hydrocarbon content (THC) levels in the sediment collected from the impacted stations by about nine folds from 3.67 mg/kg to 0.42 mg/kg within 3 months. Despite the apparent signs of recovery, the need for long-term monitoring of the impacted stations was discussed. © Springer Science+Business Media, B.V. 2006.	Atlas cove; Fire; Macrobenthos; Mangrove; Petroleum products; Recovery assessment	Environmental impact; Environmental impact assessments; Environmental protection; Fire hazards; Fires; Leakage (fluid); Petroleum pipelines; Petroleum products; Petroleum refining; Fire outbreak; Fire ravaged mangrove ecosystem; Macrobenthic community; Petrol spillage; Ecosystems; gasoline; hydrocarbon; abundance; assessment method; diversity index; macrobenthos; mangrove; oil spill; petroleum hydrocarbon; pollution effect; pollution monitoring; species diversity; article; biodiversity; controlled study; ecosystem fire history; ecosystem regeneration; ecosystem restoration; environmental impact assessment; environmental monitoring; macrobenthos; mangrove; Nigeria; petrochemical industry; population abundance; species diversity; spillage; vegetation; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Remediation; Fires; Geologic Sediments; Nigeria; Petroleum; Rhizophoraceae; Callinectes amnicola; Clibanarius	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-51949109315	The impact of vehicular fallout on the Pra estuary of Ghana (a case study of the impact of platinum group metals (PGMs) on the marine ecosystem)	Essumang D.K., Dodoo D.K., Adokoh C.K.	2008	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	145	42372	10.1007/s10661-007-0037-0	Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	Essumang, D.K., Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Dodoo, D.K., Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Adokoh, C.K., Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	It is increasingly being recognised and environmental measurements have demonstrated that Platinum (Pt) (and potentially Rhodium (Rh) and Palladium (Pd)) is released with the ageing of catalytic converters. Platinum is a particular concern as it has a known mutagenic and toxic effect, even at exceedingly low concentrations, in urban air (affecting human health) and urban water (affecting ecosystem health). In the context given above and given the still keen lack of reliable experimental data on the levels of Pd, Pt and Rh in water and sediment, this study determined the concentration of such elements in water and sediment of the Pra estuary in the Western Region of Ghana where it is estimated that more than two thousand cars pass over the bridge under which the river flows to join the sea each day. Elevated concentrations of platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd) and Rhodium (Rh) were found to be associated with water and soils from areas of high traffic densities (Beposo) suggesting that vehicles also contribute heavy metals (PGMs) to the environment. The result showed elevated levels of these metals in river bank, waterbed and in the water. There is therefore the tendency of possible accumulation of these metals in plant and animals along these areas. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007.	Akotokyir; Beposo; Bosomdo Krobo; Canberra Multi-Channel Analyzer (MCA); Catalytic converters; Kakum; Platinum group metals (PGMs); Pra estuary; Shama Beach	Catalytic converters; Concentration (process); Ecosystems; Heavy metals; Heavy water; Iridium alloys; Metals; Palladium; Platinum; Platinum metals; Rhodium; Rivers; Sedimentation; Sedimentology; Transition metals; Akotokyir; Beposo; Bosomdo Krobo; Canberra Multi-Channel Analyzer (MCA); Case studies; Ecosystem health; Elevated concentrations; Elevated levels; Environmental measurements; Experimental data; Human health; In plants; Kakum; Low concentrations; Marine ecosystems; Platinum group metals; Platinum group metals (PGMs); Pra estuary; River banks; River flows; Shama Beach; Toxic effects; Traffic densities; Urban air; Urban waters; River pollution; heavy metal; palladium; platinum derivative; rhodium; river water; bioaccumulation; concentration (composition); ecological impact; estuarine ecosystem; fallout; palladium; platinum; pollution effect; rhodium; toxicity; traffic emission; urban atmosphere; article; environmental impact; environmental monitoring; estuary; flotation bed; Ghana; marine environment; motor vehicle; riparian ecosystem; soil analysis; soil chemistry; soil quality; water analysis; water content; water flow; water quality; water sampling; Ecosystem; Ghana; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Palladium; Platinum; Rhodium; Seawater; Vehicle Emissions; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Africa; Ghana; Pra Estuary; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Animalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67349190849	Urban impact on ecological integrity of nearby rivers in developing countries: The Borkena River in highland Ethiopia	Beyene A., Legesse W., Triest L., Kloos H.	2009	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	153	42373	10.1007/s10661-008-0371-x	Plant Science and Nature Management (APNA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium; Environmental Health, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States	Beyene, A., Plant Science and Nature Management (APNA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium, Environmental Health, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Legesse, W., Environmental Health, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Triest, L., Plant Science and Nature Management (APNA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium; Kloos, H., Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States	Accelerated pollution and eutrophication of rivers and streams because of human activity are a concern throughout the world and severe in Africa where Ethiopia is case in point. The objective of this study was to assess the urban impact on the ecological integrity of the Borkena River at the eastern escarpment of the central Ethiopian highlands. The water quality status and macroinvertebrate distribution and diversity of the river were assessed during the dry and wet seasons. Diversity indices revealed that a severe decline in the ecological integrity of the Borkena River downstream of Dessie and within Kombolcha towns in terms of macroinvertebrate abundance and composition. Clustering and ordination analysis clearly separated reference sites from urban impacted sites. At the urban-impacted sites, dissolved oxygen was also depleted to 0.5 mg/l and BOD5 values were reached to a level of above 1,000 mg/l, with extremely low biological diversity of pollution-sensitive taxa. These patterns are the result of a combination of rampant dumping of untreated wastes exacerbated by geologic, topographic, climatic and land use factors. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.	Borkena river; Ecological integrity; Ethiopia; Faunal diversity; Macroinvertebrate; Pollution	Borkena river; Ecological integrity; Ethiopia; Faunal diversity; Macroinvertebrate; Developing countries; Dissolution; Dissolved oxygen; Eutrophication; Land use; Natural resources; Pollution; Quality assurance; Rivers; Water quality; River pollution; dissolved oxygen; cluster analysis; developing world; dissolved oxygen; environmental impact; Index of Biotic Integrity; macroinvertebrate; river water; species diversity; water quality; article; biochemical oxygen demand; biodiversity; climate; cluster analysis; controlled study; dumping; environmental impact; Ethiopia; eutrophication; geology; human activities; land use; macroinvertebrate; population abundance; river ecosystem; season; taxon; topography; urban area; water pollution; water quality; Ecology; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollution; Ethiopia; Geography; Rivers; Africa; Borkena River; Dese; East Africa; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349242255	Monitoring of the physical parameters and evaluation of the chemical composition of river and groundwater in Calabar (Southeastern Nigeria)	Edet A., Worden R.H.	2009	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	157	04-Jan	10.1007/s10661-008-0532-y	Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Liverpool, 4 Brownlow Street, Liverpool L69 3GP, United Kingdom; Department of Geology, University of Calabar, Unical Post Office, Calabar 540001, Nigeria	Edet, A., Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Liverpool, 4 Brownlow Street, Liverpool L69 3GP, United Kingdom, Department of Geology, University of Calabar, Unical Post Office, Calabar 540001, Nigeria; Worden, R.H., Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Liverpool, 4 Brownlow Street, Liverpool L69 3GP, United Kingdom	A 12-month study was carried to assess the seasonal and tidal effects on the physical parameters of river and groundwater, which constitute the major potable water sources in Calabar (Nigeria). The study also included an evaluation of the chemical composition of the different water bodies and their relationship. The results show that there was a significant seasonal effect on dissolved oxygen (DO) and nitrate in groundwater on one hand, and on temperature, redox potential (Eh), and DO in river water on the other. Also, a significant tidal influence exists on DO in both river-and groundwater. Comparison between groundwater and river water show statistically significant difference in EC, TDS, Eh, DO, Na, Cl and NO3. The significant differences in EC, TDS, Na and Cl are due to tidal flushing. The difference in Eh is due to geology of the area while, NO3 is as a result of anthropogenic pollution. The concentrations of ions in the river and groundwater for the different seasons and tidal cycles show an inverse relationship, while the river water is generally more concentrated than the groundwater. Using a binary mixing model, estimates show that the degree of mixing of river water and groundwater is low, with values of between 1.93% and 2.76% respectively, in the western and eastern parts of the study area. The study concludes that tidal flushing, anthropogenic effects and oxygen supply during recharge contribute to the shaping of water chemistry in the area. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.	Calabar; Chemical composition; Coastal aquifer; Drinking water quality; Groundwater; Physical properties; River; Season; Tide	Calabar; Chemical composition; Coastal aquifer; Drinking water quality; Season; Aquifers; Biochemical oxygen demand; Dissolution; Dissolved oxygen; Dissolved oxygen sensors; Electric conductivity measurement; Groundwater resources; Hydrogeology; Oxygen supply; Physical properties; Rivers; Water distribution systems; Water pollution; Water quality; Potable water; dissolved oxygen; drinking water; ground water; nitrate; river water; chemical composition; coastal aquifer; dissolved oxygen; groundwater; nitrate; redox potential; river water; water chemistry; article; chemical composition; geology; monitoring; Nigeria; oxidation reduction potential; oxygen supply; physical chemistry; seasonal variation; statistical significance; temperature; water analysis; water pollution; Chlorine; Cities; Electric Conductivity; Environmental Monitoring; Geologic Sediments; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Nigeria; Nitrates; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen; Rivers; Seasons; Sodium; Temperature; Water Pollutants; Africa; Calabar; Cross River [(STT) Nigeria]; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-74349100385	Assessment of environmental impact on air quality by cement industry and mitigating measures: A case study	Kabir G., Madugu A.I.	2010	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	160	04-Jan	10.1007/s10661-008-0660-4	Chemical Engineering Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi P. M. B. 0248, Nigeria	Kabir, G., Chemical Engineering Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi P. M. B. 0248, Nigeria; Madugu, A.I., Chemical Engineering Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi P. M. B. 0248, Nigeria	In this study, environmental impact on air quality was evaluated for a typical Cement Industry in Nigeria. The air pollutants in the atmosphere around the cement plant and neighbouring settlements were determined using appropriate sampling techniques. Atmospheric dust and CO2 were prevalent pollutants during the sampling period; their concentrations were recorded to be in the range of 249-3,745 mg/m3 and 2,440-2,600 mg/m3, respectively. Besides atmospheric dust and CO2, the air pollutants such as NOx, SOx and CO were in trace concentrations, below the safe limits approved by FEPA that are 0.0062-0.093 mg/m 3NOx, 0.026 mg/m3SOx and 114.3 mg/m3 CO, respectively. Some cost-effective mitigating measures were recommended that include the utilisation of readily available and low-cost pozzolans material to produce blended cement, not only could energy efficiency be improved, but carbon dioxide emission could also be minimised during clinker production; and the installation of an advance high-pressure grinding rolls (clinker-roller-press process) to maximise energy efficiency to above what is obtainable from the traditional ball mills and to minimise CO2 emission from the power plant. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Atmosphere; Cement; Emission; Environment; Mitigation; Pollution	Air pollutants; Atmosphere; Atmospheric dust; Blended cement; Carbon dioxide emissions; Clinker production; High-pressure grinding; Mitigating measures; Nigeria; Press process; Sampling period; Sampling technique; Trace concentrations; Air quality; Ball milling; Ball mills; Carbon dioxide; Cement industry; Cement plants; Cements; Dust; Energy efficiency; Environmental impact; Environmental impact assessments; Global warming; Pollution; Carbon monoxide; carbon dioxide; carbon monoxide; cement; nitric oxide; sulfur oxide; air quality; anthropogenic source; atmospheric pollution; carbon dioxide; carbon emission; cement; concentration (composition); dust; energy efficiency; environmental impact assessment; industrial emission; pollution policy; sampling; air pollutant; air quality; air sampling; article; atmosphere; case study; cement industry; controlled study; dust; environmental impact assessment; Nigeria; Air Pollutants; Carbon Dioxide; Construction Materials; Environmental Monitoring; Nigeria; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-74349089723	Evaluation and analysis of noise levels in Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria	Oyedepo O.S., Saadu A.A.	2010	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	160	04-Jan	10.1007/s10661-008-0719-2	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kwar State Polytechnic, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	Oyedepo, O.S., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Saadu, A.A., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kwar State Polytechnic, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	Evaluation and analysis of noise pollution levels have been carried out to determine the level of noise and its sources in Ilorin metropolis. Noise measurements have been done in the morning, at noon, in the evening, and at night to determine noise pollution all over the city. The selected areas of study are commercial centers, road junctions/busy roads, passenger loading parks, and high-density and low-density residential areas. The road junctions had the highest noise pollution levels, followed by commercial centers. The results of this study show that the noise levels in Ilorin metropolis exceeded allowed values at 30 of 42 measurements points. There is a significant difference (P<0.05) in the noise pollution levels and traffic noise index in all the locations. From the measured noise values, a map of noise pollution was developed for Ilorin. Many solutions proposed for noise abatement in the city are set out. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Environmental noise; Ilorin; Noise; Noise map; Noise pollution; Traffic noise	Environmental noise; High-density; Ilorin; Nigeria; Noise levels; Noise map; Noise measurements; Noise pollution level; Residential areas; Road junction; Traffic noise; Noise pollution; Parks; Roads and streets; Noise abatement; commercial activity; metropolitan area; noise pollution; pollution monitoring; traffic congestion; article; controlled study; Nigeria; noise measurement; noise pollution; residential area; traffic noise; Cities; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollution; Nigeria; Noise; Ilorin; Kwara; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952293261	Evaluation of airborne lead levels in storage battery workshops and some welding environments in Kumasi metropolis in Ghana	Dartey E., Adimado A.A., Agyarko K.	2010	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	164	42373	10.1007/s10661-009-0869-x	Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Faculty of Agriculture Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana	Dartey, E., Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana, Faculty of Agriculture Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana; Adimado, A.A., Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Agyarko, K., Faculty of Agriculture Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana	Airborne lead levels were assessed in nine workshops, three each from battery, electronic repair, and welding sources within the Kumasi Metropolis in Ghana. Samples were collected at 0, 2.5, and 5.0 m away from the emission source at the workshops during working hours and another at 5.0 m during break hours. Airborne lead particulates were collected and analyzed using the filter membrane technique and flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, respectively. There were significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) among the air lead levels from the workshops. Workshop 3b produced the highest significant values of air lead concentrations of 2,820.31 ± 53.89, 2,406.74 ± 71.87, 754.55 ± 72.52, and 549.01 ± 67.30 μg/m3 at distances of 0, 2.5, 5.0, and 5.0 m (break-time measurement), respectively, while workshop 1w significantly produced the lowest air lead concentration values of 261.06 ± 21.60, 190.92 ± 36.90, 86.43 ± 16.26, and 61.05 ± 3.88 μg/m3 at distances of 0, 2.5, 5.0, and 5.0 m (break-time measurement), respectively. The air lead levels reduced with distance from emission source at the workshops. At all the distances of measurement at working hours, the airborne lead levels were higher than the World Health Organization standard of 50 μg/m3 and exceeded the threshold limit values of 100 to 150 μg/m3 recommended in most jurisdictions. Workers and people in the immediate environs were exposed to air lead levels that were too high by most international standards, thus posing a serious threat to their health. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Airborne lead; Filter membrane technique; Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry; Jurisdictions; Threshold limit values	Airborne lead; Emission sources; Filter membrane; Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry; International standards; Lead concentration; Storage battery; Threshold limit values; Working hours; World Health Organization; Absorption; Atoms; Electric batteries; Electric power supplies to apparatus; Flammability; Health risks; Spectrophotometry; Time measurement; Welding; Lead; lead; atomic absorption spectroscopy; emission; filter; health impact; health risk; lead; occupational exposure; pollution exposure; spectrophotometry; air analysis; air sampling; article; atomic absorption spectrometry; battery industry; concentration (parameters); controlled study; electronics industry; environmental exposure; Ghana; health hazard; occupational exposure; standard; welding; work schedule; world health organization; Air Pollutants; Electric Power Supplies; Environmental Monitoring; Ghana; Lead; Spectrophotometry, Atomic; Ashanti; Ghana; Kumasi	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957682673	Physicochemical quality of an urban municipal wastewater effluent and its impact on the receiving environment	Odjadjare E.E.O., Okoh A.I.	2010	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	170	42373	10.1007/s10661-009-1240-y	Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa	Odjadjare, E.E.O., Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Okoh, A.I., Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa	The physicochemical qualities of the final effluents of an urban wastewater treatment plant in South Africa were assessed between August 2007 and July 2008 as well as their impact on the receiving watershed. The pH values across all sampling points ranged between 6.8 and 8.3, while the temperature varied from 18°C to 25°C. Electrical conductivity (EC) of the samples was in the range of 29-1,015 μS/cm, and turbidity varied between 2.7 and 35 NTU. Salinity and total dissolved solids (TDS) varied from 0.36 to 35 psu and 16 to 470 mg/L, respectively. The concentrations of the other physicochemical parameters are as follows: chemical oxygen demand (COD, 48-1,180 mg/L); dissolved oxygen (DO, 3.9-6.6 mg/L); nitrate (0.32-6.5 mg NO-{3}^{-} as N/L); nitrite (0.06-2.4 mg NO -{2}^{-} as N/L); and phosphate (0.29-0.54 mg PO -{4}^{3-} as P/L). pH, temperature, EC, turbidity, TDS, DO, and nitrate varied significantly with season and sampling point (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively), while salinity varied significantly with sampling point (P<0.01) and COD and nitrite varied significantly with season (P<0.05). Although the treated effluent fell within the recommended water quality standard for pH temperature, TDS, nitrate and nitrite, it fell short of stipulated standards for other parameters. The result generally showed a negative impact of the discharged effluent on the receiving watershed and calls for a regular and consistent monitoring program by the relevant authorities to ensure best practices with regard to treatment and discharge of wastewater into the receiving aquatic milieu in South Africa. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Physicochemical qualities; Receiving watershed; Wastewater effluent	Best-practices; Discharged effluents; Electrical conductivity; Final effluents; Monitoring programs; Municipal wastewaters; Negative impacts; pH value; Physico-chemical quality; Physicochemical parameters; Receiving watershed; Sampling points; South Africa; Total dissolved solids; Treated effluent; Urban wastewater treatment plants; Wastewater effluent; Water quality standard; Chemical oxygen demand; Dissolved oxygen; Effluent treatment; Electric conductivity of solids; Landforms; Salinity measurement; Turbidity; Wastewater; Wastewater treatment; Water pollution; Water quality; Water treatment plants; Watersheds; Effluents; dissolved oxygen; nitrate; nitrite; phosphate; effluent; environmental impact; physicochemical property; urban area; waste treatment; wastewater; water treatment; watershed; aquatic environment; article; chemical oxygen demand; controlled study; electric conductivity; environmental impact; environmental monitoring; pH; physical chemistry; salinity; seasonal variation; sewage effluent; South Africa; standard; total dissolved solids; turbidity; urban area; waste water treatment plant; water quality; water sampling; water temperature; watershed; Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; Environment; Fresh Water; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Nitrates; Nitrites; Seasons; Temperature; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Pollution, Chemical; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054751982	Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense enzymes in Clarias gariepinus as useful biomarkers for monitoring exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons	Otitoloju A., Olagoke O.	2011	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	182	04-Jan	10.1007/s10661-010-1870-0	Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria	Otitoloju, A., Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria; Olagoke, O., Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria	The toxicological evaluations of crude oil, xylene, toluene and benzene were carried out against juvenile stages of Clarias gariepinus. On the basis of LC 50 value, benzene (0.017 ml/l) was found to be the most toxic followed by xylene (0.086 ml/l), toluene (0.398 ml/l) and crude oil (2.219 ml/l) was the least toxic. The results of the lipid peroxidation assay showed that the level of malonaldehyde (MDA) in liver and gills of fish exposed to all the test chemicals increased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) when compared to control. Measurement of activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in liver and gill of fishes exposed to sublethal concentration of the test chemicals over a 28-day period was found to decrease significantly (P &lt; 0.05) when compared to control. The observed reduction in the activities of antioxidant defense enzymes such as SOD, CAT and GST in conjunction with an increase in MDA levels in the gill and liver tissues of test animals exposed to aromatic hydrocarbon compounds were recommended as a good battery of biomarkers for early detection of pollution during biomonitoring programmes. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Antioxidant enzymes; Aromatic hydrocarbons; Biomarkers; Biomonitoring; Lipid peroxidation	Antioxidant defense; Antioxidant enzyme; Biomonitoring; Clarias gariepinus; Early detection; Glutathione-S-transferase; Hydrocarbon compounds; Lipid peroxidation; Liver tissue; Malonaldehyde; Superoxide dismutases; Toxicological evaluation; Aldehydes; Animals; Aromatic compounds; Aromatization; Benzene; Computer system firewalls; Crude oil; Enzymes; Hydrocarbons; Oxidation; Oxidative stress; Oxygen; Pollution detection; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Tissue; Toluene; Toxic materials; Xylene; Catalysts; benzene; biological marker; catalase; glutathione transferase; malonaldehyde; petroleum; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; superoxide dismutase; toluene; xylene; bioassay; biomarker; biomonitoring; enzyme activity; fish; lipid; oxidation; PAH; pollution exposure; toxicity test; toxicology; acclimatization; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; biological monitoring; Clarias gariepinus; concentration (parameters); controlled study; environmental exposure; environmental monitoring; enzyme activity; enzyme inhibition; fingerling; gill; LC 50; lipid peroxidation; liver toxicity; nonhuman; oxidative stress; physical chemistry; signal transduction; Siluriformes; toxicity testing; Animals; Biological Markers; Catalase; Catfishes; Environmental Monitoring; Gills; Glutathione Transferase; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Nigeria; Petroleum Pollution; Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; Superoxide Dismutase; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Animalia; Clarias gariepinus; Pisces	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857373506	The BIOTA Biodiversity Observatories in Africa-a standardized framework for large-scale environmental monitoring	Jürgens N., Schmiedel U., Haarmeyer D.H., Dengler J., Finckh M., Goetze D., Gröngröft A., Hahn K., Koulibaly A., Luther-Mosebach J., Muche G., Oldeland J., Petersen A., Porembski S., Rutherford M.C., Schmidt M., Sinsin B., Strohbach B.J., Thiombiano A., W	2012	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	184	2	10.1007/s10661-011-1993-y	Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg 22609, Germany; Department of Botany, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Wismarsche Str. 8, Rostock 18051, Germany; Institute of Soil Science, University of Hamburg, Allende-Platz 2, Hamburg 20146, Germany; Department of Ecology and Geobotany, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, J. W. Goethe-University, Siesmayerstr. 70, Frankfurt am Main 60323, Germany; Laboratoire de Production et Amélioration Végétales, U.F.R. Sciences de la Nature, Université d'Abobo-Adjamé, BP 150, Daloa 02, Cote d'Ivoire; Department of Research Management and Funding, University of Hamburg, Moorweidenstr. 18, Hamburg 20148, Germany; Applied Biodiversity Research Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), Kirstenbosch, Rhodes Avenue, Newlands, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Research Institute Senckenberg, J.W. Goethe-University, Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt am Main 60325, Germany; Laboratoire d'Ecologie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01 B. P. 526, Cotonou, Benin; National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI), P/Bag 13184, Windhoek, Namibia; Laboratoire de Biologie et d'Écologie Végétales, Unité de Formation et Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, Université de Ouagadougou, BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03 03, Burkina Faso	Jürgens, N., Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg 22609, Germany; Schmiedel, U., Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg 22609, Germany; Haarmeyer, D.H., Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg 22609, Germany, Department of Ecology and Geobotany, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, J. W. Goethe-University, Siesmayerstr. 70, Frankfurt am Main 60323, Germany; Dengler, J., Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg 22609, Germany; Finckh, M., Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg 22609, Germany; Goetze, D., Department of Botany, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Wismarsche Str. 8, Rostock 18051, Germany; Gröngröft, A., Institute of Soil Science, University of Hamburg, Allende-Platz 2, Hamburg 20146, Germany; Hahn, K., Department of Ecology and Geobotany, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, J. W. Goethe-University, Siesmayerstr. 70, Frankfurt am Main 60323, Germany; Koulibaly, A., Laboratoire de Production et Amélioration Végétales, U.F.R. Sciences de la Nature, Université d'Abobo-Adjamé, BP 150, Daloa 02, Cote d'Ivoire; Luther-Mosebach, J., Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg 22609, Germany, Institute of Soil Science, University of Hamburg, Allende-Platz 2, Hamburg 20146, Germany; Muche, G., Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg 22609, Germany; Oldeland, J., Biodiversity, Evolution and Ecology of Plants, Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg 22609, Germany; Petersen, A., Institute of Soil Science, University of Hamburg, Allende-Platz 2, Hamburg 20146, Germany, Department of Research Management and Funding, University of Hamburg, Moorweidenstr. 18, Hamburg 20148, Germany; Porembski, S., Department of Botany, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Wismarsche Str. 8, Rostock 18051, Germany; Rutherford, M.C., Applied Biodiversity Research Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), Kirstenbosch, Rhodes Avenue, Newlands, Cape Town 7700, South Africa, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Schmidt, M., Research Institute Senckenberg, J.W. Goethe-University, Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt am Main 60325, Germany; Sinsin, B., Laboratoire d'Ecologie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01 B. P. 526, Cotonou, Benin; Strohbach, B.J., National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI), P/Bag 13184, Windhoek, Namibia; Thiombiano, A., Laboratoire de Biologie et d'Écologie Végétales, Unité de Formation et Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, Université de Ouagadougou, BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03 03, Burkina Faso; Wittig, R., Department of Ecology and Geobotany, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, J. W. Goethe-University, Siesmayerstr. 70, Frankfurt am Main 60323, Germany; Zizka, G., Research Institute Senckenberg, J.W. Goethe-University, Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt am Main 60325, Germany	The international, interdisciplinary biodiversity research project BIOTA AFRICA initiated a standardized biodiversity monitoring network along climatic gradients across the African continent. Due to an identified lack of adequate monitoring designs, BIOTA AFRICA developed and implemented the standardized BIOTA Biodiversity Observatories, that meet the following criteria (a) enable long-term monitoring of biodiversity, potential driving factors, and relevant indicators with adequate spatial and temporal resolution, (b) facilitate comparability of data generated within different ecosystems, (c) allow integration of many disciplines, (d) allow spatial up-scaling, and (e) be applicable within a network approach. A BIOTA Observatory encompasses an area of 1 km 2 and is subdivided into 100 1-ha plots. For meeting the needs of sampling of different organism groups, the hectare plot is again subdivided into standardized subplots, whose sizes follow a geometric series. To allow for different sampling intensities but at the same time to characterize the whole square kilometer, the number of hectare plots to be sampled depends on the requirements of the respective discipline. A hierarchical ranking of the hectare plots ensures that all disciplines monitor as many hectare plots jointly as possible. The BIOTA Observatory design assures repeated, multidisciplinary standardized inventories of biodiversity and its environmental drivers, including options for spatial up- and downscaling and different sampling intensities. BIOTA Observatories have been installed along climatic and landscape gradients in Morocco, West Africa, and southern Africa. In regions with varying land use, several BIOTA Observatories are situated close to each other to analyze management effects. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Diversity; Global change; Permanent plot; Sampling scheme; Transect; Vegetation	Diversity; Global change; Permanent plot; Sampling scheme; Transect; Buildings; Forestry; Observatories; Vegetation; Biodiversity; biodiversity; environmental management; environmental monitoring; global change; implementation process; landscape planning; observational method; sampling; spatiotemporal analysis; vegetation; Africa; article; biodiversity; climate; controlled study; ecosystem; environmental management; environmental monitoring; land use; Morocco; organism social group; research; sampling; South Africa; standard; Africa; Animals; Biodiversity; Biota; Conservation of Natural Resources; Environmental Monitoring; Plants; Morocco; Southern Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864850766	Environmental impact assessment of Attenda abattoir, Ogbomoso southwestern Nigeria on surface and groundwater quality using geo-electrical imaging and microbiological analysis	Adelowo O.O., Akinlabi I.A., Fagade O.E.	2012	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	184	7	10.1007/s10661-011-2285-2	Dept of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P. M. B 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Department of Earth Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P. M. B 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnol	Adelowo, O.O., Dept of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P. M. B 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Akinlabi, I.A., Department of Earth Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P. M. B 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Fagade, O.E., Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Dept of Botany and Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The impact of Attenda abattoir, Ogbomoso southwestern Nigeria on four water sources was investigated using geoelectrical imaging and microbiological analysis. 2D electrical resistivity imaging indicated groundwater contamination by leachate from the abattoir. Electrical resistivity values measured by the traverse run directly on the waste dump and other areas impacted by the waste from the abattoir are generally very low (6.68-16.7 Ωm) in comparison to other positions (135-288 Ωm). The total viable bacteria count of the water samples ranged from 0.49×106 to 2.85×108 cfu/ml and all samples are contaminated with coliforms with the most probable number (MPN)/100 ml ranging from 110 to ≥1,600 MPN/100 ml. Among bacteria isolated from the study site (n=95), resistance to eight antibiotics ranged from 35.8% to 94%. In addition, 85% of Streptococcus agalactiae (n=31) and Staph-ylococci (n=9) showed haemolytic activity while 92% of all isolates showed β-lactamase activity. These results suggest that operations of the abattoir may impact negatively on surrounding aquatic ecosystem and endanger the health of surrounding residents who use water from the wells for domestic purposes. Furthermore, such aquatic ecosystems may serve as reservoir of antibiotic resistant bacteria. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011.	Abattoir; Antibiotics resistance; Bacteria; Pollution; Water quality	Abattoir; Antibiotic-resistant bacteria; Antibiotics resistance; Aquatic ecosystem; Coliforms; Domestic purpose; Electrical resistivity; Electrical resistivity imaging; Geoelectrical; Ground-water qualities; Groundwater contamination; Lactamases; Leachates; Microbiological analysis; Most probable number; Nigeria; Streptococcus agalactiae; Study sites; Waste dumps; Water samples; Water source; Antibiotics; Ecosystems; Electric conductivity; Environmental impact assessments; Pollution; Reservoirs (water); Water quality; Bacteria; ampicillin; beta lactamase; chloramphenicol; ciprofloxacin; cloxacillin; cotrimoxazole; erythromycin; gentamicin; ground water; ofloxacin; penicillin G; streptomycin; surface water; antibiotic resistance; aquatic ecosystem; electrical resistivity; environmental impact assessment; geoelectric field; groundwater; health risk; human activity; leachate; microbiology; water resource; analytic method; antibiotic sensitivity; aquatic environment; article; Bacillus cereus; Bacillus licheniformis; Bacillus subtilis; bacterium isolate; bacterium isolation; Burkholderia cepacia; colony forming unit; environmental impact assessment; environmental monitoring; enzyme activity; Escherichia coli; geoelectrical imaging; Klebsiella aerogenes; Klebsiella pneumoniae; microbiological analysis; minimum inhibitory concentration; morphology; Nigeria; nonhuman; Proteus vulgaris; Pseudomonas putida; Rhodococcus equi; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Streptococcus agalactiae; water analysis; water contamination; water quality; water supply; Abattoirs; Environment; Environmental Monitoring; Groundwater; Nigeria; Remote Sensing Technology; Water Microbiology; Water Pollutants; Water Pollution; Nigeria; Ogbomosho; Oyo	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867574878	The impact of traditional coffee processing on river water quality in Ethiopia and the urgency of adopting sound environmental practices	Beyene A., Kassahun Y., Addis T., Assefa F., Amsalu A., Legesse W., Kloos H., Triest L.	2012	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	184	11	10.1007/s10661-011-2479-7	School of Environmental Health, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Jimma Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 192, Jimma, Ethiopia; Department of Biology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box, 150223 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; University of California, 185 Berry Street, Box 0560, San Francisco, CA 94143-0560, United States	Beyene, A., School of Environmental Health, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia, Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Kassahun, Y., Jimma Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 192, Jimma, Ethiopia; Addis, T., School of Environmental Health, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Assefa, F., Department of Biology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Amsalu, A., Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box, 150223 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Legesse, W., School of Environmental Health, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Kloos, H., University of California, 185 Berry Street, Box 0560, San Francisco, CA 94143-0560, United States; Triest, L., Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium	Although waste from coffee processing is a valuable resource to make biogas, compost, and nutrient-rich animal food, it is usually dumped into nearby water courses. We carried out water quality assessment at 44 sampling sites along 18 rivers that receive untreated waste from 23 coffee pulping and processing plants in Jimma Zone, Ethiopia. Twenty upstream sampling sites free from coffee waste impact served as control, and 24 downstream sampling sites affected by coffee waste were selected for comparison. Physicochemical and biological results revealed a significant river water quality deterioration as a result of disposing untreated coffee waste into running water courses. During coffee-processing (wet) season, the highest organic load (1,900 mg/l), measured as biochemical oxygen demand, depleted dissolved oxygen (DO) to a level less than 0.01 mg/l, and thus curtailed nitrification. During off season, oxygen started to recuperate and augmented nitrification. The shift from significantly elevated organic load and reduced DO in the wet season to increased nitrate in the off season was found to be the determining factor for the difference in macroinvertebrate community structure as verified by ordination analysis. Macroinvertebrate diversity was significantly reduced in impacted sites during the wet season contrary to the off season. However, there was a significant difference in the ratio of sensitive to pollution-tolerant taxa in the off season, which remained depreciated in the longer term. This study highlights the urgency of research exploring on the feasibility of adopting appropriate pollution abatement technologies to implement ecologically sound coffee-processing systems in coffee-growing regions of Ethiopia. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Coffee processing; Ethiopia; Macroinvertebrates; River pollution; Waste	Animal foods; Environmental practices; Ethiopia; Macroinvertebrate community; Macroinvertebrates; Organic load; Pollution abatement; Processing plants; River water quality; Running waters; Sampling site; Water course; Water quality assessments; Wet season; Biochemical oxygen demand; Biogas; Composting; Denitrification; Factor analysis; Nitrification; Oxidation; Pollution; Rivers; Wastes; Water quality; River pollution; dissolved oxygen; oxygen; rain; river water; biochemical oxygen demand; community structure; dissolved oxygen; macroinvertebrate; nitrification; physicochemical property; river pollution; river water; water quality; wet season; article; biochemical oxygen demand; coffee; community structure; controlled study; dumping; environmental impact assessment; environmental management; Ethiopia; food processing; macroinvertebrate; nitrification; physical chemistry; pulping; seasonal variation; species diversity; waste disposal; water analysis; water quality; water sampling; Agriculture; Coffee; Conservation of Natural Resources; Ethiopia; Refuse Disposal; Rivers; Seasons; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Pollution, Chemical; Water Quality; Ethiopia; Jimma; Animalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874984673	Impacts of climate-induced changes on the distribution of pesticides residues in water and sediment of Lake Naivasha, Kenya	Otieno P.O., Owuor P.O., Lalah J.O., Pfister G., Schramm K.-W.	2013	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	185	3	10.1007/s10661-012-2743-5	Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333, 40105 Maseno, Kenya; Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; TUM, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan fuer Ernaehrung und Landnutzung, Department fuer Biowissenschaften, Weihenstephaner Steig 23, 85350 Freising, Germany; Department of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Kenya Polytechnic University College, P.O. Box 42528, 00200-City Square Nairobi, Kenya	Otieno, P.O., Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333, 40105 Maseno, Kenya, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Owuor, P.O., Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333, 40105 Maseno, Kenya; Lalah, J.O., Department of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Kenya Polytechnic University College, P.O. Box 42528, 00200-City Square Nairobi, Kenya; Pfister, G., Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Schramm, K.-W., Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, TUM, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan fuer Ernaehrung und Landnutzung, Department fuer Biowissenschaften, Weihenstephaner Steig 23, 85350 Freising, Germany	This study reports evidence of increased chlorpyrifos contamination in sediment and water in Lake Naivasha following its intensive application in the horticultural farms in the catchment area. Analytical results show that levels of chlorpyrifos residues were influenced by climate-induced rainfall pattern with higher levels reported during period of heavy precipitation with significant decrease during low rainfall. On average, the levels ranged between 14.8 and 32.8 ng g-1 in sediment during rainy season compared to a range of 8.5-16.6 ng g-1 in the dry season. Additionally, the mean concentration of chlorpyrifos in water ranged between 8.61 and 22.4 μg L -1 during rainy season and below detection limit (bdl) -13.6 μg L-1 in dry season as quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Meanwhile, independent t test analysis indicated that there was significant difference in concentration at p ≤ 0.05 between the seasons with respect to sediment and water samples. This demonstrated that climate-induced variations had considerable influence on contamination. While diazinon and carbofuran were equally applied intensively, their levels were below the detection limit in the all the samples analyzed. ELISA results were validated by the capillary-HPLC photodiode-array detector instrument analysis, and statistical comparison showed no significant difference between them. It was evident that chlorpyrifos residues determination in water and sediment by ELISA can be a useful strategy in environmental management and monitoring program, and a complimentary analytical tool to high performance liquid chromatography. Levels of chlorpyrifos detected in sediment and water were found to exceed recommended criteria for protection of aquatic life and preservation of water quality and may be hazardous if not regularly monitored. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Climate; Contamination; ELISA; Pesticides; Sediment; Water	Climate; ELISA; Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; Mean concentrations; Pesticides residues; Photodiode array detectors; Significant differences; Statistical comparisons; Catchments; Contamination; Drought; Environmental management; High performance liquid chromatography; Lakes; Pesticides; Rain; Sediments; Water; Water quality; Sedimentology; carbofuran; chlorpyrifos; dimpylate; pesticide residue; rain; chlorpyrifos; pesticide residue; agricultural emission; chlorpyrifos; climate effect; environmental management; enzyme activity; horticulture; lacustrine deposit; lake pollution; lake water; liquid chromatography; pesticide; pollution monitoring; quantitative analysis; sediment pollution; spatial distribution; strategic approach; article; catchment; climate; controlled study; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; high performance liquid chromatography; intermethod comparison; Kenya; lake; limit of detection; precipitation; seasonal variation; sediment; water pollution; chemistry; climate change; environmental monitoring; lake; risk assessment; water pollutant; Kenya; Lake Naivasha; Rift Valley; Chlorpyrifos; Climate Change; Environmental Monitoring; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Geologic Sediments; Kenya; Lakes; Pesticide Residues; Risk Assessment; Water Pollutants, Chemical	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878359028	Drought impact assessment from monitoring the seasonality of vegetation condition using long-term time-series satellite images: A case study of Mt. Kenya region	Song Y., Njoroge J.B., Morimoto Y.	2013	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	185	5	10.1007/s10661-012-2854-z	Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Faculty of Agriculture, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya; Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto Gakuen University, Kameoka, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan	Song, Y., Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Njoroge, J.B., Faculty of Agriculture, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya; Morimoto, Y., Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto Gakuen University, Kameoka, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan	Drought-induced anomalies in vegetation condition over wide areas can be observed by using time-series satellite remote sensing data. Previous methods to assess the anomalies may include limitations in considering (1) the seasonality in terms of each vegetation-cover type, (2) cumulative damage during the drought event, and (3) the application to various types of land cover. This study proposed an improved methodology to assess drought impact from the annual vegetation responses, and discussed the result in terms of diverse landscape mosaics in the Mt. Kenya region (0.4 N 35.8 E ~ 1.6 S 38.4 E). From the 30-year annual rainfall records at the six meteorological stations in the study area, we identified 2000 as the drought year and 2001, 2004, and 2007 as the normal precipitation years. The time-series profiles of vegetation condition in the drought and normal precipitation years were obtained from the values of Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI; Huete et al. 2002), which were acquired from Terra MODIS remote sensing dataset (MOD13Q1) taken every 16 days at the scale of 250-m spatial resolution. The drought impact was determined by integrating the annual differences in EVI profiles between drought and normal conditions, per pixel based on nearly same day of year. As a result, we successfully described the distribution of landscape vulnerability to drought, considering the seasonality of each vegetation-cover type at every MODIS pixel. This result will contribute to the large-scale landscape management of Mt. Kenya region. Future study should improve this method by considering land-use change occurred during the long-term monitoring period. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Drought assessment; EVI; MODIS; Phenology; Remote sensing	Enhanced vegetation index; EVI; Landscape management; Long term monitoring; Meteorological station; MODIS; Phenology; Satellite remote sensing data; Forestry; Pixels; Radiometers; Remote sensing; Satellite imagery; Vegetation; Drought; rain; assessment method; drought; land cover; MODIS; phenology; precipitation (climatology); remote sensing; satellite imagery; seasonality; time series analysis; vegetation cover; vegetation type; article; case study; drought; environmental impact assessment; Kenya; land use; landscape; precipitation; seasonal variation; telecommunication; time series analysis; vegetation; environmental monitoring; equipment; methodology; plant; remote sensing; season; space flight; Kenya; Mount Kenya; Droughts; Environmental Monitoring; Kenya; Plants; Remote Sensing Technology; Seasons; Spacecraft	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878345514	Monitoring of soil and groundwater contamination following a pipeline explosion and petroleum product spillage in Ijegun, Lagos Nigeria	Doherty V.F., Otitoloju A.A.	2013	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	185	5	10.1007/s10661-012-2858-8	Department of Biological Sciences, Yaba College of Technology, Lagos, Nigeria; Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lagos, Akoka, Nigeria	Doherty, V.F., Department of Biological Sciences, Yaba College of Technology, Lagos, Nigeria; Otitoloju, A.A., Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lagos, Akoka, Nigeria	In May 2008, an accidental damage of a Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) pipeline occurred in Ijegun area of Lagos, Nigeria, resulting in oil spillage and consequent contamination of the environment. The residual concentration of the total hydrocarbon (THC) and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) in the groundwater and soil was therefore investigated between March 2009 and July 2010. Results showed elevated THC mean levels in groundwater which were above the World Health Organization maximum admissible value of 0.1 mg/l. THC values as high as 757.97 mg/l in groundwater and 402.52 mg/l in soil were observed in March 2009. Pronounced seasonal variation in the concentration of THC in groundwater and soil samples show that there was significant (P < 0.05) difference in the measured concentration of THC between each season (dry and wet), with the highest being in the dry season and between the years 2009 and 2010. Significant hydrocarbon contamination, 500 m beyond the explosion site and 25 months after the incident, was observed revealing the extent of the spillage of petroleum products. The highest concentrations of 16.65 μg/l (benzene), 2.08 μg/l (toluene), and 4864.79 μg/l (xylene) were found in stations within the 100 m buffer zone. Most of the samples of groundwater taken were above the target value of 0.2 μg/l set for BTEX compounds by the Environmental Guidelines and Standards for Petroleum Industry in Nigeria. The level of hydrocarbon in the impacted area calls for concern and remediation of the area is urgently needed to reduce further negative impact on the ecosystem. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Contamination; Groundwater; Petroleum products; Pipeline; Soil	Benzene , toluene , ethylbenzene , and xylenes; Environmental guidelines; Groundwater contamination; Hydrocarbon contamination; Pipeline explosion; Residual concentrations; Total hydrocarbons; World Health Organization; Benzene; Contamination; Groundwater; Groundwater pollution; Hydrocarbons; Petroleum products; Pipelines; Soils; Toluene; Xylene; Soil pollution; benzene; ethylbenzene; ground water; hydrocarbon; petroleum derivative; toluene; xylene; BTEX; concentration (composition); environmental impact; groundwater pollution; oil pipeline; oil spill; pollution incidence; pollution monitoring; remediation; seasonal variation; soil pollution; article; explosion; maximum allowable concentration; Nigeria; oil spill; pipeline; pollution monitoring; seasonal variation; soil pollution; water contamination; water sampling; chemistry; environmental monitoring; oil spill; soil pollutant; water pollutant; Lagos [Nigeria]; Nigeria; Environmental Monitoring; Explosions; Groundwater; Nigeria; Petroleum Pollution; Soil Pollutants; Water Pollutants, Chemical	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884356305	Speciation of As(III) and As(V) in water and sediment using reverse-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography-neutron activation analysis (HPLC-NAA)	Tulasi D., Adotey D., Affum A., Carboo D., Serfor-Armah Y.	2013	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	185	10	10.1007/s10661-013-3148-9	School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Department of Chemistry, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 56, Legon Accra, Ghana; Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, National Nuclear Research Institute, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon Accra, Ghana	Tulasi, D., School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Adotey, D., School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, National Nuclear Research Institute, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon Accra, Ghana; Affum, A., Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, National Nuclear Research Institute, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon Accra, Ghana; Carboo, D., Department of Chemistry, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 56, Legon Accra, Ghana; Serfor-Armah, Y., School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, National Nuclear Research Institute, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon Accra, Ghana	Total As content and the As species distribution in water and sediments from the Kwabrafo stream, a major water body draining the Obuasi gold mining community in southwestern Ghana, have been investigated. Total As content was determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Ion-pair reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography-neutron activation analysis (HPLC-NAA) was used for speciation of As species. Solid phase extraction with phosphate buffer was used to extract soluble As species from lyophilized sediment. The mass balance after phosphate extraction of soluble As species in sediment varied from 89 to 96 %. Compositionally appropriate reference material International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)-Lake Sediment (SL)-1 was used to check the validity of INAA method for total As determination. The measured values are in good agreement with the IAEA recommended value and also within the 95 % confidence interval. The accuracy of the measurement in terms of relative deviation from the IAEA recommended value was ±0.83 %. "In-house" prepared As(III) and As(V) standards were used to validate the HPLC-INAA method used for the As species determination. Total As concentration in the water samples ranged from 1.15 to 9.20 mg/L. As(III) species in water varied from 0.13 to 0.7 mg/L, while As(V) species varied from 0.79 to 3.85 mg/L. Total As content in sediment ranged from 2,134 to 3,596 mg/kg dry mass. The levels of As(III) and As(V) species in the sediment ranges from 138 to 506 mg/kg dry mass and 156 to 385 mg/kg dry mass, respectively. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Arsenic; Ghana; HPLC-NAA; Sediment; Speciation; Water	Confidence interval; Ghana; HPLC-NAA; Instrumental neutron activation analysis; International atomic energy agency; Phosphate extraction; Solid-phase extraction; Speciation; Arsenic; Chromatography; High performance liquid chromatography; Water; Sediments; arsenic derivative; phosphate; activation energy; arsenic; extraction method; liquid chromatography; mass balance; phosphate; sediment pollution; speciation (chemistry); water pollution; water quality; accuracy; article; chemical analysis; chemical composition; concentration (parameters); controlled study; dry mass; freeze drying; high performance liquid chromatography; measurement; mining; neutron activation analysis; reference value; reverse phase ion pair high performance liquid chromatography neutron activation analysis; sediment; solid phase extraction; species differentiation; validation process; water contamination; water sampling; Arsenic; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Environmental Monitoring; Geologic Sediments; Ghana; Neutron Activation Analysis; Rivers; Solid Phase Extraction; Water Pollutants, Chemical	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884354676	Ozone facilitated dechlorination of 2-chloroethanol and impact of organic solvents and activated charcoal	Gounden A.N., Jonnalagadda S.B.	2013	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	185	10	10.1007/s10661-013-3169-4	Department of Chemistry, Mangosuthu University of Technology, P.O. Box 12363, Jacobs 4026, South Africa; School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus, Chiltern Hills, P. Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	Gounden, A.N., Department of Chemistry, Mangosuthu University of Technology, P.O. Box 12363, Jacobs 4026, South Africa; Jonnalagadda, S.B., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus, Chiltern Hills, P. Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	The ozone-initiated oxidation of 2-chloroethanol was followed by monitoring the consumption of the halogenated organic substrate. Gas chromatographic analysis of the ozonated products showed an increase in conversion from about 1 % after 3 h of ozone treatment to about 22 % after 12 h. The yields of major ozonated products identified and quantified namely acetaldehyde, acetic acid, and chloride ion increased proportionately as a function of ozone treatment time. The percent conversion of 2-chloroethanol in the presence of acetic acid or ethyl acetate were found to be higher than those under solvent-free conditions with similar products obtained. The use of activated charcoal during the ozonolyis of 2-chloroethanol showed a significant increase in the percent conversion of the substrate compared to solvent free ozonation. Based on the experimental findings, the overall mechanism for the reaction between 2-chloroethanol and ozone is described. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Acetaldehyde; Acetic acid; Chloride ion; Dechlorination; Ozonation	2-Chloroethanol; Chloride ions; Ethyl acetates; Organic substrate; Ozone treatment; Solvent free; Solvent free conditions; Acetaldehyde; Acetic acid; Chlorine compounds; Dechlorination; Ozonization; pH; Ozone; 2 chloroethanol; acetaldehyde; acetic acid; acetic acid ethyl ester; activated carbon; carboxylic acid; chloride ion; organic solvent; ozone; acetaldehyde; acetate; acetic acid; activated carbon; charcoal; dechlorination; experimental study; organic compound; ozone; reaction kinetics; substrate; article; dechlorination; electric conductivity; gas chromatography; oxidation; ozonation; ozonolysis; Charcoal; Ethylene Chlorohydrin; Models, Chemical; Ozone; Solvents; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Purification	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84902362340	Elemental uptake and distribution of nutrients in avocado mesocarp and the impact of soil quality	Reddy M., Moodley R., Jonnalagadda S.B.	2014	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	186	7	10.1007/s10661-014-3716-7	School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa	Reddy, M., School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; Moodley, R., School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; Jonnalagadda, S.B., School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa	The distribution of 14 elements (both essential and non-essential) in the Hass and Fuerte cultivars of avocados grown at six different sites in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, was investigated. Soils from the different sites were concurrently analysed for elemental concentration (both total and exchangeable), pH, organic matter and cation exchange capacity. In both varieties of the fruit, concentrations of the elements Cd, Co, Cr, Pb and Se were extremely low with the other elements being in decreasing order of Mg > Ca > Fe > Al > Zn > Mn > Cu > Ni > As. Nutritionally, avocados were found to be a good dietary source of the micronutrients Cu and Mn. In soil, Pb concentrations indicated enrichment (positive geoaccumuluation indices) but this did not influence uptake of the metal by the plant. Statistical analysis was done to evaluate the impact of soil quality parameters on the nutrient composition of the fruits. This analysis indicated the prevalence of complex metal interactions at the soil-plant interface that influenced their uptake by the plant. However, the plant invariably controlled metal uptake according to metabolic needs as evidenced by their accumulation and exclusion. © 2014 Springer International Publishing.	Antagonism; Avocado; Bioavailability; Elemental distribution; Nutrient uptake; Synergism	Biochemistry; Fruits; Lead; Magnesium; Manganese; Nutrients; Pollution; Soils; Antagonism; Avocado; Bioavailability; Elemental distribution; Nutrient uptake; Synergism; Quality control; aluminum; arsenic; cadmium; calcium; chromium; cobalt; copper; iron; lead; magnesium; manganese; nickel; organic matter; selenium; zinc; bioaccumulation; bioavailability; biological uptake; cation exchange capacity; concentration (composition); crop plant; cultivar; fruit; nutrient uptake; organic matter; parameterization; pH; soil quality; spatial distribution; article; avocado; cation exchange; chemical composition; concentration (parameters); controlled study; nonhuman; plant nutrient; plant parameters; plant soil relationship; soil acidity; soil analysis; soil quality; South Africa; KwaZulu-Natal; South Africa; Persea americana; Environmental Monitoring; Metals; Nutritive Value; Persea; Soil; Soil Pollutants; South Africa; Trace Elements	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927123062	Evaluation of the impact of asbestos wastes on soils in Emene-Enugu, Southeastern Nigeria	Igwe O., Omonona O.V., Onwuka O.S., Nnebedum O.D.	2014	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	186	12	10.1007/s10661-014-3987-z	Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Physics/Geology/Geophysics, Federal University, Ndufu Alike, Ikwo, Nigeria	Igwe, O., Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Omonona, O.V., Department of Physics/Geology/Geophysics, Federal University, Ndufu Alike, Ikwo, Nigeria; Onwuka, O.S., Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Nnebedum, O.D., Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	This study investigated the impacts of asbestos wastes on soils in Emene-Enugu, southeastern Nigeria, generated by the activities of a major asbestos products manufacturing company in southeastern Nigeria. The methods of investigation included vertical electrical sounding (VES), 2-D horizontal resistivity profiling (HRP), induced polarization (IP) survey, chemical analysis of plant tissues and standard penetration tests of soil samples. The 2-D HRP and IP identified six closed waste pits alongside the two active pits. The VES revealed four geoelectrical layers in the area: from bottom to top; the inferred lithologies included dark shale, clay, gravel and recent sands. The geochemical data results revealed that Cd concentration of the soils of the waste pits is above the contaminated land exposure assessment soil guideline value for residential and allotment land uses. The geochemical pollution indices classified the soils as “unpolluted” to “extremely polluted”. Bioconcentration factor of Pb in plant tissues was found to be above recommended limits of 0.045. The geotechnical parameters indices revealed that the soils varied from “very soft” to “stiff” and “very loose” to “medium”. Soils of the active pits have very low strength and bearing capacity while closed pits have high strength and bearing capacity. It may be safe, therefore, to conclude that as the wastes are completely turned into soils, they will assume geotechnical properties similar to those of natural soils. © 2014, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.	Asbestos; Emene-Enugu; Enrichment factor; Geoaccumulation index; Pollution; Standard penetration test; Waste dump pit	Asbestos; Bearing capacity; Cadmium; Chemical analysis; Electric prospecting; Geochemistry; Histology; Land use; Pollution; Soil testing; Soils; Tissue; Emene-Enugu; Enrichment factors; Geo-accumulation index; Standard penetration test; Waste dumps; Soil pollution; asbestos; soil; soil pollutant; analysis; chemistry; environmental monitoring; Nigeria; plant; pollution; soil; soil pollutant; statistics and numerical data; Asbestos; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollution; Nigeria; Plants; Soil; Soil Pollutants	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84957414276	Source apportionment and pollution evaluation of heavy metals in water and sediments of Buriganga River, Bangladesh, using multivariate analysis and pollution evaluation indices	Bhuiyan M.A.H., Dampare S.B., Islam M.A., Suzuki S.	2015	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	187	1	10.1007/s10661-014-4075-0	Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 1-1, Tsushima, Naka, 3-Chome, Okayama, Japan; Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; National Nuclear Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon-Accra, Ghana; Chemistry Division, Dhaka Atomic Energy Center, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, Bangladesh	Bhuiyan, M.A.H., Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 1-1, Tsushima, Naka, 3-Chome, Okayama, Japan, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Dampare, S.B., National Nuclear Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon-Accra, Ghana; Islam, M.A., Chemistry Division, Dhaka Atomic Energy Center, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Suzuki, S., Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 1-1, Tsushima, Naka, 3-Chome, Okayama, Japan	Concentrations of heavy metals in water and sediment samples of Buriganga River in the capital city Dhaka, Bangladesh, were studied to understand the level of heavy metals and their source apportionment. The results showed that the mean concentrations of heavy metals both in water and sediment samples were very high and, in most cases, exceeded the permissible limits recommended by the Bangladesh government and other international organizations. Significantly higher concentrations of Pb, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Cd were found in sediment samples. However, average concentrations of metals both in water and sediment samples were above the effect range median. The heavy metal pollution index (HPI) and degree of contamination (Cd) yielded different results in water samples despite significant correlations between them. The heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) showed strong correlations with HPI and Cd and provided better assessment of pollution levels. The enrichment factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) showed the elevated value of Cr, Pb, and Cd in access of background values. The measured elements were subjected to positive matrix factorization (PMF) and examining correlations in order to explain the content, behavior, and source apportionment of metals. PMF resulted in a successful partitioning of variances into sources related to background geochemistry and contaminant influences. However, the PMF approach successfully demarcated the major sources of metals from tannery, paint, municipal sewage, textiles, and agricultural activities. © 2014, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.	Buriganga River; Heavy metals; Pollution load index; Positive matrix factorization; Source apportionment	Factorization; Heavy metals; Lead; Manganese; Matrix algebra; Metals; Multivariant analysis; Rivers; Sediments; Sewage; Water resources; Agricultural activities; Buriganga rivers; Geo-accumulation index; Heavy metal evaluations; International organizations; Pollution load indices; Positive Matrix Factorization; Source apportionment; River pollution; arsenic; cadmium; chromium; cobalt; copper; heavy metal; lead; manganese; nickel; zinc; background level; concentration (composition); enrichment; geoaccumulation index; heavy metal; multivariate analysis; partitioning; pollutant source; river pollution; sediment pollution; agricultural waste; Article; Bangladesh; concentration (parameters); controlled study; environmental enrichment; environmental impact assessment; geographic distribution; industrial waste; river; sediment; sludge; urbanization; waste water; water analysis; water contamination; water pollution; water pollution indicator; water quality; water sampling; Bangladesh; Buriganga River; Dhaka [Bangladesh]	None
None	None	Stream biomonitoring using macroinvertebrates around the globe: a comparison of large-scale programs	Buss D.F., Carlisle D.M., Chon T.-S., Culp J., Harding J.S., Keizer-Vlek H.E., Robinson W.A., Strachan S., Thirion C., Hughes R.M.	2015	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	187	1	10.1007/s10661-014-4132-8	Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Pusan, South Korea; Environment Canada and Canadian Rivers Institute, Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada; School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand; Department of Freshwater Ecology, Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands; School of Environmental Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Thurgoona, Australia; Environment Canada, #201-401 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Resource Quality Information Services, Department Water and Sanitation, Private Bag X313, Pretoria, South Africa; Amnis Opes Institute and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States	Buss, D.F., Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Carlisle, D.M., U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, United States; Chon, T.-S., Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Pusan, South Korea; Culp, J., Environment Canada and Canadian Rivers Institute, Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada; Harding, J.S., School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand; Keizer-Vlek, H.E., Department of Freshwater Ecology, Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands; Robinson, W.A., School of Environmental Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Thurgoona, Australia; Strachan, S., Environment Canada, #201-401 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Thirion, C., Resource Quality Information Services, Department Water and Sanitation, Private Bag X313, Pretoria, South Africa; Hughes, R.M., Amnis Opes Institute and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States	Water quality agencies and scientists are increasingly adopting standardized sampling methodologies because of the challenges associated with interpreting data derived from dissimilar protocols. Here, we compare 13 protocols for monitoring streams from different regions and countries around the globe. Despite the spatially diverse range of countries assessed, many aspects of bioassessment structure and protocols were similar, thereby providing evidence of key characteristics that might be incorporated in a global sampling methodology. Similarities were found regarding sampler type, mesh size, sampling period, subsampling methods, and taxonomic resolution. Consistent field and laboratory methods are essential for merging data sets collected by multiple institutions to enable large-scale comparisons. We discuss the similarities and differences among protocols and present current trends and future recommendations for monitoring programs, especially for regions where large-scale protocols do not yet exist. We summarize the current state in one of these regions, Latin America, and comment on the possible development path for these techniques in this region. We conclude that several aspects of stream biomonitoring need additional performance evaluation (accuracy, precision, discriminatory power, relative costs), particularly when comparing targeted habitat (only the commonest habitat type) versus site-wide sampling (multiple habitat types), appropriate levels of sampling and processing effort, and standardized indicators to resolve dissimilarities among biomonitoring methods. Global issues such as climate change are creating an environment where there is an increasing need to have universally consistent data collection, processing and storage to enable large-scale trend analysis. Biomonitoring programs following standardized methods could aid international data sharing and interpretation. © 2014, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.	Biological assessment; Biomonitoring protocols; River management; Standardization; Subsampling taxonomic resolution	Climate change; Digital storage; Ecosystems; Standardization; Water quality; Biological assessment; Biomonitoring; Biomonitoring programs; Discriminatory power; Large-scale programs; River management; Sub-sampling methods; Taxonomic resolution; Data handling; biomonitoring; comparative study; macroinvertebrate; river management; river water; standardization; streamwater; water quality; accuracy; Article; Australia; biological monitoring; Canada; climate change; data analysis; environmental monitoring; European Union; financial management; habitat; information dissemination; information processing; intermethod comparison; laboratory test; macroinvertebrate; methodology; New Zealand; sampler; South Africa; South and Central America; South Korea; standardization; stream (river); taxonomy; time; United States; water quality; water sampling; Latin America	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925428074	Use of multivariate statistical techniques for the evaluation of temporal and spatial variations in water quality of the Kaduna River, Nigeria	Ogwueleka T.C.	2015	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	187	3	10.1007/s10661-015-4354-4	Department of Civil Engineering, University of Abuja, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria	Ogwueleka, T.C., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Abuja, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria	Multivariate statistical techniques, such as cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis/factor analysis (PCA/FA), were used to investigate the temporal and spatial variations and to interpret large and complex water quality data sets collected from the Kaduna River. Kaduna River is the main tributary of Niger River in Nigeria and represents the common situation of most natural rivers including spatial patterns of pollutants. The water samples were collected monthly for 5 years (2008–2012) from eight sampling stations located along the river. In all samples, 17 parameters of water quality were determined: total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, Thard, dissolved oxygen (DO), 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4-N, Cl, SO4, Ca, Mg, total coliform (TColi), turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), HCO3 −, NO3 −, and temperature (T). Hierarchical CA grouped 12 months into two seasons (dry and wet seasons) and classified eight sampling stations into two groups (low- and high-pollution regions) based on seasonal differences and different levels of pollution, respectively. PCA/FA for each group formed by CA helped to identify spatiotemporal dynamics of water quality in Kaduna River. CA illustrated that water quality progressively deteriorated from headwater to downstream areas. The results of PCA/FA determined that 78.7 % of the total variance in low pollution region was explained by five factor, that is, natural and organic, mineral, microbial, organic, and nutrient, and 87.6 % of total variance in high pollution region was explained by six factors, that is, microbial, organic, mineral, natural, nutrient, and organic. Varifactors obtained from FA indicated that the parameters responsible for water quality variations are resulted from agricultural runoff, natural pollution, domestic, municipal, and industrial wastewater. Mann–Whitney U test results revealed that TDS, pH, DO, T, EC, TColi, turbidity, total hardness (THard), Mg, Ca, NO3 −, COD, and BOD were identified as significant variables affecting temporal variation in river water, and TDS, EC, and TColi were identified as significant variables affecting spatial variation. In addition, box-whisker plots facilitated and supported multivariate analysis results. This study illustrates the usefulness of multivariate statistical techniques for classification and processing of large and complex data sets of water quality parameters, identification of latent pollution factors/sources and their spatial-temporal variations, and determination of the corresponding significant parameters in river water quality. © 2015, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.	Box plots; Cluster analysis; Factor analysis; Principal component analysis; Temporal-spatial variations; Water quality management	Agricultural runoff; Biochemical oxygen demand; Calcium; Chemical oxygen demand; Chlorine; Classification (of information); Cluster analysis; Dissolved oxygen; Factor analysis; Magnesium; Multivariant analysis; Nutrients; Oxygen; Parameter estimation; Pollution; Principal component analysis; Quality control; Quality management; Rivers; Statistical methods; Turbidity; Water conservation; Water management; Water pollution; Water quality; Water resources; Box plots; Electrical conductivity; Multivariate statistical techniques; Spatial variations; Spatio-temporal dynamics; Temporal and spatial variation; Water quality parameters; Water quality variations; River pollution; ammonium nitrate; calcium; chloride; dissolved organic matter; dissolved oxygen; magnesium; runoff; sulfate; cluster analysis; factor analysis; multivariate analysis; principal component analysis; river pollution; river water; spatial analysis; temporal analysis; water quality; Article; chemical oxygen demand; cluster analysis; coliform bacterium; discriminant analysis; dry season; electric conductivity; factorial analysis; hydrology; multivariate analysis; Nigeria; nonhuman; pH; principal component analysis; river; season; seasonal variation; soil erosion; spatiotemporal analysis; statistical analysis; temperature; turbidity; water analysis; water pollution; water quality; water sampling; weathering; wet season; biochemical oxygen demand; chemistry; environmental monitoring; procedures; statistics and numerical data; water pollution; water quality; Kaduna River; Nigeria; Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; Cluster Analysis; Environmental Monitoring; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Multivariate Analysis; Nigeria; Principal Component Analysis; Rivers; Seasons; Temperature; Water Pollution; Water Quality	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947915361	Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Mbaa River and the impact on aquatic ecosystem	Ajima M.N.O., Nnodi P.C., Ogo O.A., Adaka G.S., Osuigwe D.I., Njoku D.C.	2015	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	187	12	10.1007/s10661-015-4937-0	Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria	Ajima, M.N.O., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Nnodi, P.C., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Ogo, O.A., Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria; Adaka, G.S., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Osuigwe, D.I., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Njoku, D.C., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria	The bioaccumulation and toxic effects of heavy metals have caused ecological damage to aquatic ecosystem. In this study, concentration of heavy metals including zinc, lead, cadmium, iron, and copper were determined in the sediment and water as well as in the muscle, gill, and intestine of two fish species (Pelmatochromis guentheri and Pelmatochromis pulcher) of Mbaa River in Southeastern Nigeria. Samples were collected at three different spots from the river, and the level of heavy metals specified above were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) after a modified wet digestion process. The results indicated that sediment had the highest concentration of the heavy metals investigated while water had the lowest concentration. Fish tissues showed appreciable bioaccumulation of these metals as evidenced by a higher concentration profile when compared with that of water. Furthermore, the concentration of these heavy metals in water and their bioconcentration factor in the fish were above the recommended limit by WHO and FEPA, indicating that Mbaa River along Inyishi may not be suitable for drinking nor the fish safe for human consumption. The study also reveals the use of fish as bioindicator of aquatic environment. © 2015, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.	Accumulation; Fish; Heavy metals; Mbaa River; Pollution	Absorption spectroscopy; Aquatic ecosystems; Atomic absorption spectrometry; Bioaccumulation; Biochemistry; Chemical contamination; Copper; Ecology; Ecosystems; Fish; Heavy metals; Pollution; Potable water; Rivers; Water resources; Accumulation; Aquatic environments; Atomic absorption spectroscopy; Bio-concentration factors; Concentration profiles; Ecological damage; Human consumption; Southeastern Nigeria; River pollution; cadmium; copper; heavy metal; iron; lead; water; zinc; aquatic ecosystem; bioaccumulation; cichlid; ecological impact; heavy metal; pollution effect; animal tissue; aquatic environment; Article; atomic absorption spectrometry; bioaccumulation; bioconcentration factor; concentration (parameters); controlled study; environmental impact; exposure; freshwater fish; health hazard; Nigeria; nonhuman; Pelmatochromis guentheri; Pelmatochromis pulcher; risk assessment; river; sediment; tissue level; water contamination; Nigeria; Pelmatochromis; Pelvicachromis pulcher	None
WoS	WOS:000239722100005	Post-project analysis: The use of a network diagram for environmental evaluation of the Barekese Dam, Kumasi, Ghana	Awuah, Esi,Frempong, Emmanuel,Tetteh, Isaac Kow	2006	ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING &amp; ASSESSMENT	11	3	10.1007/s10666-005-9021-7	Kwame Nkrumah University Science & Technology, Kwame Nkrumah Univ Sci & Technol	None	The paper presents an evaluation of post-project impacts of the Barekese Dam on three riparian communities downstream about 30 years after its construction. A network diagram, which incorporated a mathematical model, was used for impact identification and analysis. The expected environmental impacts, expressed as quantitative weighted impact scores, showed that the dam appeared to have exerted adverse impacts on the environmental quality of the communities. The impacts in the communities, however, increased with relative distances away from the dam and the river suggestive of cumulative impacts transmitted downstream. Strategic measures for improving environmental quality of the communities have been given.	DAM,"environmental evaluation","expected environmental impacts","post-project impacts","riparian communities",IMPACT	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-61449152839	The environmental impacts of regional disparity in population and wealth distribution in Nigeria	Madu I.A.	2009	Environment, Development and Sustainability	11	2	10.1007/s10668-007-9109-0	Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu 4100001, Nigeria	Madu, I.A., Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu 4100001, Nigeria	The disparity in both population and wealth distribution in Nigeria by geo-political zones is well recognized. There is also the recognition that some of the environmental problems in certain sections of the country can be attributed to the imbalance in both population and wealth distribution. Hence the various agitations for environmental resource control in the country. What is lacking however is the research that shows the magnitude of the linkages between the disparity and the environmental degradation in regional context. This provides the basis for this research. To achieve the aim of the research, a STIRPAT model was employed as an analytical tool. The findings show that the southern geopolitical zones are generally more densely populated and wealthier than the northern zones. The south is also experiencing a higher degree of environmental resource degradation attributable to anthropogenic factors. Thus, there is congruence between population density, wealth distribution and environmental degradation in Nigeria. Therefore the achievement of sustainable environment and development in Nigeria requires deliberate policies to mitigate the impact of population concentration and wealth creation on the environment. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Environmental resource degradation; Geo-political zones; Living standards; Population distribution; STIRPAT model and wealth	anthropogenic effect; environmental degradation; environmental impact assessment; environmental policy; mitigation; population distribution; research; resource management; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650598058	Development Impact of Advocacy Initiatives in Solid Waste Management in Nigeria	Nzeadibe T.C., Ajaero C.K.	2011	Environment, Development and Sustainability	13	1	10.1007/s10668-010-9254-8	Waste Management and Recycling Research Unit, Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, 410001 Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, 410001 Nsukka, Nigeria	Nzeadibe, T.C., Waste Management and Recycling Research Unit, Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, 410001 Nsukka, Nigeria; Ajaero, C.K., Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, 410001 Nsukka, Nigeria	Solid waste management (SWM) in many low- and middle-income countries is sometimes driven by the informal sector. Unfortunately, contributions of the sector to SWM are not acknowledged in many developing countries. This situation often arises from inadequate awareness and lack of advocacy for these development contributions. This article reports on the impact of a study conducted by final-year geography undergraduates on the informal waste management sector in Nsukka urban area, Nigeria. The purposes of this exercise were to stimulate development intervention on behalf of the sector to improve perceptions, attitudes and performance, to impart a range of development research skills and to expose the students to the business opportunities provided by SWM and recycling. Informal waste sector workers and government officials responsible for SWM were interviewed, and some commercial data on recycling operations were collected. Findings of this study indicate that such advocacy initiatives were effective in increasing students' awareness of opportunities and interest in working in the informal waste sector to promote better SWM and development in Nigeria. Lessons from this university case study are also drawn for other developing countries struggling to achieve the poverty reduction and job creation Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Advocacy; Capacity development; Entrepreneurship; Informal waste sector; Millennium development goals; Nigeria; Solid waste management; University	advocacy; developing world; perception; performance assessment; solid waste; state role; urban area; waste management; Enugu [Nigeria]; Nigeria; Nsukka	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867890028	Impact of economic drivers on mangroves of Indian Sundarbans: An exploration of missing links	Kumar P.	2012	Environment, Development and Sustainability	14	6	10.1007/s10668-012-9361-9	Ecosystem Services Economics Unit of Division of Environmental Policy Implementation (DEPI), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), P.O. Box 30522, Nairobi 00100, Kenya	Kumar, P., Ecosystem Services Economics Unit of Division of Environmental Policy Implementation (DEPI), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), P.O. Box 30522, Nairobi 00100, Kenya	Export of shrimps and prawns using intensive cultivation in the Sundarban area of Indian Bengal had a negative impact on mangrove forests in 1980s. Land conversions from agricultural use and mangrove forest to shrimp ponds are significant. The impact of changing economic factors such as trade on mangrove forests is evident but as yet this link is not clearly understood by decision-makers. In this context, this study analyses the impact of economic driver on land use changes by combining socio-economic data (economic variables) and satellite data (land use change). Using the panel data method for 1986-2004 in eight administrative units of the Sundarbans area, the study identifies relative return and productivity of labour for various types of land use together with population density as the major drivers of land use change. Identification of these drivers would help to design an effective response policy for management of this UNESCO Heritage site. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Drivers; Economic-return; Land use change; Mangroves; Panel data method	agricultural land; decision making; economic impact; habitat restoration; heritage conservation; intensive culture; labor productivity; land use change; mangrove; policy strategy; pond culture; population density; prawn culture; satellite data; shrimp culture; swamp forest; UNESCO; India; Sundarbans; West Bengal; Decapoda (Crustacea); Rhizophoraceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84895523150	Bioeconomic modeling of farm household decisions for ex-ante impact assessment of integrated watershed development programs in semi-arid India	Nedumaran S., Shiferaw B., Bantilan M.C.S., Palanisami K., Wani S.P.	2014	Environment, Development and Sustainability	16	2	10.1007/s10668-013-9476-7	Research Program on Markets, Institutions and Policies, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, 502 324, India; Socio-Economics Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya; International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Patancheru, 502 324, India; International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, 502 324, India	Nedumaran, S., Research Program on Markets, Institutions and Policies, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, 502 324, India; Shiferaw, B., Socio-Economics Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya; Bantilan, M.C.S., Research Program on Markets, Institutions and Policies, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, 502 324, India; Palanisami, K., International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Patancheru, 502 324, India; Wani, S.P., International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, 502 324, India	The increasing population and urbanization have serious implications for sustainable development in less-favoured areas of developing countries. In an attempt to sustain the long-term productivity of natural resources and to meet the food and non-food demands of growing population in the semi-arid tropics, the Indian government invests and promotes integrated watershed development programs. A comprehensive tool to assess the impacts of watershed development programs on both social well-being and sustainability of natural resource is currently lacking. In this study, we develop a watershed level bioeconomic model to assess the ex-ante impacts of key technological and policy interventions on the socioeconomic well-being of rural households and the natural resource base. These interventions are simulated using data from a watershed community in the semi-arid tropics of India. The model captures the interaction between economic decisions and biophysical processes and using a constrained optimization of household decision model. The interventions assessed are productivity-enhancing technologies of dryland crops and increased in irrigable area through water conservation technologies. The results show that productivity-enhancing technologies of dryland crops increase household incomes and also provided incentives for conserving soil moisture and fertility. The increase in irrigable area enables cultivation of high-value crops which increase the household income but also lead to an increase in soil erosion and nutrient mining. The results clearly indicate the necessity for prioritizing and sequencing technologies based on potential effects and trade-offs on household income and conservation of natural resources. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Bioeconomic model; Impact assessment; Productivity-enhancing technologies; Sustainability; Watershed development program	agricultural technology; demand-side management; developing world; development project; economic analysis; environmental economics; household income; incentive; natural resource; numerical model; prioritization; rural population; semiarid region; socioeconomic impact; soil erosion; soil moisture; state role; sustainability; urbanization; watershed; welfare impact; India	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941746539	Assessment of adoption and impact of rainwater harvesting technologies on rural farm household income: the case of rainwater harvesting ponds in Rwanda	Zingiro A., Okello J.J., Guthiga P.M.	2014	Environment, Development and Sustainability	16	6	10.1007/s10668-014-9527-8	University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, Nairobi, Kenya; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya	Zingiro, A., University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, Nairobi, Kenya; Okello, J.J., University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, Nairobi, Kenya; Guthiga, P.M., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya	Rainwater harvesting is increasingly viewed as a major strategy for enhancing agricultural productivity and boosting farm income in many drought-prone areas. While this technology is being promoted in many developing countries, there is conflicting evidence in the literature about its impact on welfare of farm households. This study uses propensity score matching and discrete choice regression techniques to assess the impact of rainwater harvesting ponds on farm household income and factors that influence adoption of such technologies in Rwanda. It finds that households with rainwater harvesting ponds have significantly higher income than their counterparts of comparable observable characteristics. It further finds evidence that increase in farm income occurs via increased input use and that household size, asset endowments and participation in farmer organizations condition adoption of rainwater harvesting ponds. The study concludes that adoption of rainwater harvesting technologies has positive benefits on farm households. It discusses the policy implications that adoption of rainwater harvesting ponds presents a pathway for reducing rural poverty. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Adoption and impact; Propensity score matching; Rainwater harvesting ponds; Rwanda	adoption constraint; agricultural production; cost-benefit analysis; developing world; drought; environmental impact assessment; farmers attitude; harvesting; household income; literature review; policy approach; pond; poverty; rainwater; rural area; social conflict; sustainability; welfare impact; Rwanda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939891939	Monitoring sustainable urban development using built-up area indicators: a case study of Stellenbosch, South Africa	Musakwa W., Van Niekerk A.	2015	Environment, Development and Sustainability	17	3	10.1007/s10668-014-9560-7	Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Stellenbosch University, Geology Building, Corner Rynveld and Merriman Street, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Town and Regional Planning, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Centre for Geographic Analysis, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Musakwa, W., Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Stellenbosch University, Geology Building, Corner Rynveld and Merriman Street, Stellenbosch, South Africa, Department of Town and Regional Planning, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Van Niekerk, A., Centre for Geographic Analysis, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Rapid urbanisation in many developing countries causes land transformation from agricultural, rural, and natural landscapes into urban areas. Data to monitor this transformation are often out of date, unreliable, not in standard format, cumbersome and expensive to collect or simply unavailable. This inhibits local authorities and other stakeholders’ capacity to monitor and leverage resources towards sustainable urban development. This paper investigates the use of earth observation (EO) data for supporting sustainable urban development planning. The study demonstrates that EO adds value to sustainable urban development by providing area-wide and up-to-date thematic and geometric characterisation of the urban built-up area, which would be difficult to obtain from other data sources. This helps local planning authorities to monitor urban growth and sustainability, and facilitate evidence-based decision-making and an array of other practical uses. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Building density; Building height; Earth observation; Impervious surfaces; Sustainable urban development	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84945472694	The impact of households characteristics on the state of housing in the Offinso South Municipality (OSM), Ghana	Boamah N.A.	2015	Environment, Development and Sustainability	17	6	10.1007/s10668-014-9603-0	Department of Real Estate and Land Management (DRELM), University for Development Studies, Wa Campus, P.O. Box 115, Wa, Upper West Region, Ghana	Boamah, N.A., Department of Real Estate and Land Management (DRELM), University for Development Studies, Wa Campus, P.O. Box 115, Wa, Upper West Region, Ghana	Housing deprivation is a major problem confronting Ghanaian households both in the urban and rural environments. This paper investigates the housing condition in the Offinso South Municipality (OSM). It finds out the adequacy of housing to households in the municipality. It sampled eight neighbourhoods in the OSM for data collection. Questionnaires were employed to garner empirical data from the households and property owners in the OSM. The paper finds out that there is high room occupancy rate and high household and population concentration in the housing units in the OSM. It notes that characteristics such as the level of education, authorization status of the house, annual household income, household size and autochthony correlate with measures of housing adequacy. The paper suggests that the municipal authority put in place appropriate standards to guide developers on the minimum acceptable housing facilities. Also, the municipal authority should adopt innovative approaches to encourage voluntary compliance to its building regulations. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Ghana; Housing facilities; Offinso South Municipality; Overcrowding; Room occupancy rate	education; household income; housing conditions; innovation; overcrowding; questionnaire survey; rural area; sustainability; urban area; Ghana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84945484673	Understanding inter-community performance assessments in community-based resource management at Avu Lagoon, Ghana	Agyare A.K., Murray G., Dearden P., Rollins R.	2015	Environment, Development and Sustainability	17	6	10.1007/s10668-014-9617-7	Wildlife Division of Forestry Commission, Accra, Ghana; Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada; University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada	Agyare, A.K., Wildlife Division of Forestry Commission, Accra, Ghana; Murray, G., Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada; Dearden, P., University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Rollins, R., Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada	Community-based natural resources governance (CBNRG) is becoming increasingly important as a means to achieve both conservation and sustainable livelihood goals. Assessing the performance of such approaches is an important step in improving their performance and facilitating their expansion. However, CBNRG initiatives are often not restricted to one community, and significant differences may exist among communities that can be obscured using performance assessments that do not attend to those differences. This paper first assesses the performance of the Avu Lagoon Community Resource Management Area (CREMA) in Ghana through a survey of 232 households and an 18 participant workshop that compares desired outcomes with those outcomes that were perceived to have been achieved (i.e. performance). This paper next examines the differences among four communities within the Avu Lagoon CREMA and provides some insight as to why these differences occur. Results indicate that overall, achieved outcomes fall short of desired outcomes. This is particularly the case for socio-economic outcomes and less so for conservation outcomes. We also find that communities are more homogenous in their desired outcomes than they are in their assessment of performance outcomes. There are important differences among the four communities in terms of the importance attached to outcomes and the achievement of those outcomes. Influential variables include how and who introduced the CBNRG concept to the local communities, existing socio-economic and cultural context, the development status and challenges of the community, effective leadership, and institutional capabilities. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Avu Lagoon CREMA; CBNRG; Community; Conservation; Livelihoods; Protected areas; Variability	community dynamics; household survey; institutional development; leadership; performance assessment; protected area; resource management; socioeconomic impact; sustainability; Ghana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-17844394974	Evaluation of microbial communities colonizing stone ballasts at diesel depots	Maila M.P., Cloete T.E.	2005	Environmentalist	24	3	10.1007/s10669-005-6053-0	Cncl. for Sci. and Indust. Research, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Dept. Microbiol. and Plant Pathol., University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Maila, M.P., Cncl. for Sci. and Indust. Research, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Cloete, T.E., Dept. Microbiol. and Plant Pathol., University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	In this study, we evaluated the heterotrophic microbial communities colonising stone ballasts at diesel depots. The number of bacteria (both total culturable heterotrophic bacteria and hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria) was proportional to the level of hydrocarbon contamination. However, there was no significant difference in the level of total culturable heterotrophs (TCHs) and the hydrocarbon degrading bacteria. Addition of nutrients to the ballast stimulated the biological activity and possibly the removal of hydrocarbons. However, this was only evident in the highly contaminated stone ballasts samples. The biological activity was evaluated using CO2 production. The production of CO2 was higher in nutrient amended treatments in which high numbers of TCHs were present. Characterisation of heterotrophic communities using Biolog revealed differences in the microbial metabolic profiles for the different sites. The results suggest that the heterotrophic microbial communities at different diesel depots are different. © 2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.	Diesel depots; Heterotrophic microbial communities; Hydrocarbons; Stone ballasts; Total culturable heterotrophs (TCHs)	ballast water; bioactivity; hydrocarbon; microbial community; Bacteria (microorganisms)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-31744431924	Evaluation of the efficiency of various commercial products for the bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soil	Claassens S., Van Rensburg L., Riedel K.J., Bezuidenhout J.J., Van Rensburg P.J.J.	2006	Environmentalist	26	1	10.1007/s10669-006-5358-y	School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa	Claassens, S., School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa; Van Rensburg, L., School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa; Riedel, K.J., School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa; Bezuidenhout, J.J., School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa; Van Rensburg, P.J.J., School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa	Bioremediation has become an important method for the treatment of terrestrial oil spills and is often favoured over strictly physical-chemical methods. In this study, enzymatic analyses and signature lipid biomarkers were employed to evaluate the efficacy of selected bioremediation products on control and oil contaminated soil plots. It is envisioned that these biological indicators may be used as possible adjuncts to the strictly physical-chemical criteria most commonly employed. The application of the enzymatic and signature biomarker methods for product evaluation proved successful. The enzymatic assays provided a valuable insight into shifts in the functional diversity of the soil microbial communities resultant from the various treatments. Stimulation or inhibition of the microbial communities as a result of the various treatments was also demonstrated, particularly with regards to dehydrogenase activity. Phospholipid fatty acid profiles proved sufficiently sensitive to allow differentiation between products and resultant microbial communities that corresponded to satisfactory and unsatisfactory petroleum hydrocarbon removal. © 2006 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.	Bioremediation; Enzymatic activity; Hydrocarbon; PLFA; Soil	bioremediation; hydrocarbon; soil pollution	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-51049098708	Metal contamination of surface water, sediment and Tympanotonus fuscatus var. radula of Iko River and environmental impact due to Utapete gas flare station, Nigeria	Benson N.U., Etesin U.M.	2008	Environmentalist	28	3	10.1007/s10669-007-9127-3	Department of Chemistry, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Analytical Laboratory, Aluminium Smelter Company of Nigeria, Ikot Abasi, Nigeria	Benson, N.U., Department of Chemistry, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Etesin, U.M., Analytical Laboratory, Aluminium Smelter Company of Nigeria, Ikot Abasi, Nigeria	Inter-seasonal studies on the trace metal load of surface water, sediment and Tympanotonus fuscatus var. radula of Iko River were conducted between 2003 and 2004. The impact of anthropogenic activities especially industrial effluent, petroleum related wastes, gas flare and episodic oil spills on the ecosystem are remarkable. Trace metals analyzed included cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V) and zinc (Zn). Sediment particle size analysis revealed that they were characteristically psammitic and were predominantly of medium to fine grained sand (&gt;73%), less of silt (&lt;15%) and clay (&lt;10%). These results correlated with low levels of trace elements such as Pb (0.03 ± 0.02 mg kg -1), Cr (0.22 ± 0.12 mg kg -1), Cd (0.05 ± 0.03 mg kg -1), Cu (0.04 ± 0.02 mg kg -1) and Mn (0.23 ± 0.22 mg kg -1) in the sediment samples. This observation is consistent with the scarcity of clayey materials known to be good scavengers for metallic and organic contaminants. Sediments indicated enhanced concentration of Fe, Ni and V, while other metal levels were relatively low. The concentrations of all the metals except Pb in surface water were within the permissible levels, suggesting that the petroleum contaminants had minimal effect on the state of pollution by trace metals in Iko River. Notably, the pollutant concentrations in the sediments were markedly higher than the corresponding concentrations in surface water and T. fuscatus tissues, and decreased with distance from point sources of pollution. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Coastal environment; Nigeria; Sediment; Trace metals; Water pollution	concentration (composition); environmental impact; human activity; industrial waste; organic pollutant; petroleum; river pollution; sediment pollution; surface water; trace metal; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Tympanotonus fuscatus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-55949130986	Genotype x environment interactions: Survival performance of six internationally sourced provenances of Azadirachta indica A. Juss in a degraded land in Kano, Nigeria	Yakubu I.	2008	Environmentalist	28	4	10.1007/s10669-007-9150-4	Geography Department, Bayero University, PMB 3011, Kano, Nigeria	Yakubu, I., Geography Department, Bayero University, PMB 3011, Kano, Nigeria	In order to prevent 'an impending neem failure', from the incidence of the twin problems of the neem scale insect infestations and neem dieback, six authenticated provenances (Allahabad, Karnataka, Jodphur, Madinipur, Mukkambu and Annur), from the natural range of the species in India, were collected and appraised for survival in a degraded land in Kano, Nigeria. Established in a completely randomised block design with four replications, the trial was conducted with a view to restrengthening and/or replacing the already weakened Local Land Race of the species in the study area. There was a statistically significant difference in the survival of the seven provenances. The established differences are between Allahabad 83% (6.40 SEM), Mukkambu 83% (6.40 SEM), Annur 76% (4.90 SEM), Jodphur 63% (15.09 SEM) and Madinipur 56% (6.73 SEM), on the one hand, and Karnataka 17% (1.91SEM) and the Local Land Race, with 13% (0.13 SEM), on the other hand. The research recommends Allahabad and Mukkambu 83% (6.40 SEM) based on this outstanding performance. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Azadirachta indica; Genotype; Kano; Land race; Provenance	dicotyledon; genotype-environment interaction; land degradation; performance assessment; pest outbreak; provenance; restoration ecology; survival; Africa; Asia; Eurasia; India; Kano [Nigeria]; Nigeria; South Asia; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Azadirachta indica; Hemiptera; Hexapoda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350075389	Evaluation of aquifer vulnerability and the protective capacity in some oil producing communities of western Niger Delta	Atakpo E.A., Ayolabi E.A.	2009	Environmentalist	29	3	10.1007/s10669-008-9191-3	Department of Physics, Geophysics Unit, University of Lagos, Akoka, Nigeria	Atakpo, E.A., Department of Physics, Geophysics Unit, University of Lagos, Akoka, Nigeria; Ayolabi, E.A., Department of Physics, Geophysics Unit, University of Lagos, Akoka, Nigeria	Oil spills have become a major environmental hazard constituting serious social problems in Nigeria, especially in the oil producing communities. The spills contaminate the aquifer if the subsurface layers are not protected. Geoelectric technique of geophysical investigation has been used to evaluate the protective capacity of six oil producing communities: Oleh, Olomoro, Uzere, Afiesere, Ekakpamre and Uvwiamuge in the western Niger Delta. A total of 139 vertical electrical sounding (VES) using the Schlumberger electrode configuration were occupied in these communities. The longitudinal conductance maps delineated areas with poor (<0.1 mho), weak (0.1-0.19 mho), moderate (0.2-0.69 mho) and good protective capacity (0.7-4.9 mho). The study has shown that the protective capacity of most parts of the communities studied is poor with Uvwiamuge and Ekakpamre communities not protected hence the aquifer in these oil producing communities are vulnerable to contamination by hydrocarbon in the event of pollution. Hence proper environmental protection measures have been suggested to safeguard the aquifer from pollution by hydrocarbon in the event of spillage. © The Author(s) 2008.	Longitudinal conductance contamination; Protective capacity	aquifer pollution; environmental protection; geoelectric field; geophysical method; hydrocarbon reserve; oil production; oil spill; Africa; Niger Delta; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650246691	Climate change impact on the density of Faidherbia albida on smallholder farms in the degraded lands of Kano, northern Nigeria	Yakubu I.	2010	Environmentalist	30	4	10.1007/s10669-010-9279-4	Department of Geography, Bayero University, PMB 3011 Kano, Nigeria	Yakubu, I., Department of Geography, Bayero University, PMB 3011 Kano, Nigeria	Nigeria's vegetation in general and some important tree species in particular are under increasing threats from several factors. Worsening climate and environmental conditions, enhanced by a huge population pressure on limited resources, are some of the dominant issues of discourse among scientists. This study investigated the density of Faidherbia albida, a nitrogen-fixing tree, that has been an important component of the farming systems of the smallholder farms in the degraded lands of Kano, Nigeria. Results indicate a 55% decrease in the density of the tree in the study area. The overall diversity of trees on the smallholder farms has also declined by 38%. The study concludes that while climate change may be a catalyst, woodfuel extraction and disease are the immediate factors for the decline of F. indica in the area. It recommends (1) the inclusion of this species in the list of endangered species for deliberate regeneration and protection by all stakeholders (2) an extended study that could lead to determining the specific role of climate change on the density of the tree in the study area. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Climate change; Faidherbia albida; Nitrogen fixing; Smallholder	catalyst; climate change; dicotyledon; fuelwood; land degradation; nitrogen fixation; population decline; population density; smallholder; Kano [Nigeria]; Nigeria; Faidherbia albida	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34247340143	Testcross performance and diversity analysis of white maize lines derived from backcrosses containing exotic germplasm	Menkir A., Ingelbrecht I., The C.	2007	Euphytica	155	3	10.1007/s10681-006-9344-8	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; IRAD, Nkolbisson Center, BP, 2067 Younde, Cameroon	Menkir, A., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ingelbrecht, I., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; The, C., IRAD, Nkolbisson Center, BP, 2067 Younde, Cameroon	Introgression from exotic maize (Zea mays L.) into adapted breeding pools can broaden and diversify the genetic base of adapted germplasm. The first objective of this study was to determine the agronomic performance of white maize lines derived from adapted x exotic backcrosses in tropical environments. Six exotic white maize inbred lines were crossed to an adapted white line (1368) and the F1s were backcrossed to 1368. Forty-one BC1F 4 lines derived from these backcrosses and the recurrent parent were crossed with a common inbred tester (9071) and the progeny were evaluated at eight environments in Nigeria. The testcrosses x environment interaction mean square was not significant for all agronomic traits. The BC-derived lines containing exotic germplasm contributed significantly to the variation in testcross mean grain yields and other agronomic traits. Among the 41 testcrosses, only 5 yielded significantly less than 1368 x 9071, with the 7 best testcrosses producing between 304 and 867 kg ha-1 more grain than 1368 x 9071. The second objective of this study was to assess the genetic divergence of the BC-derived white lines from their adapted recurrent parent. Thirty-nine BC-derived white lines along with 1368 and 9071 were genotyped with ten AFLP primer pairs that generated 506 polymorphic fragments. The average allelic diversity of the lines was 31 ± 0.07. The genetic distance (GD) estimates of each BC-derived line from 1368 varied from 0.76 to 0.84, with a mean of 0.80 ± 0.003. The average GD for all pairs of the BC-derived lines was 0.63 ± 0.005, varying from 0.31 to 0.89. The observed significant amount of variation among the BC-derived white lines suggests that they can contribute new alleles for expanding the genetic base of tropical maize and for developing high-yielding hybrids. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	AFLP; Agronomic performance; Backcross derived lines; Maize	Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883821631	Evaluation of open pollinated varieties of maize for resistance to the maize weevil in a controlled temperature and humidity laboratory in Zimbabwe	Masasa R.T., Setimela P.S., Chiteka Z.A.	2013	Euphytica	193	3	10.1007/s10681-013-0900-8	Africa University, P.O. Box 1320, Mutare, Zimbabwe; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mt. Pleasant, P. O. Box MP. 163, Harare, Zimbabwe	Masasa, R.T., Africa University, P.O. Box 1320, Mutare, Zimbabwe; Setimela, P.S., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mt. Pleasant, P. O. Box MP. 163, Harare, Zimbabwe; Chiteka, Z.A., Africa University, P.O. Box 1320, Mutare, Zimbabwe	Maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky) is one of the major maize storage pests among smallholder farmers in eastern and southern Africa (ESA), thereby, reducing total on-farm maize harvests. Experiments were conducted in a controlled temperature and humidity (CTH) laboratory at CIMMYT-Zimbabwe to compare the resistance of new maize open pollinated varieties (OPVs) from regional trials undertaken in ESA to maize weevils. Twenty maize OPVs were shelled and cleaned before being placed in a deep freezer at -20 °C to kill any pests and eggs in the grain from the field. Fifty grams of grain from each OPV was measured after 3 weeks and placed in the CTH lab for conditioning. The samples were placed in 250-mL jars with brass-screened lids and then infested with 32 maize weevils aged between 10 and 14 days. Data were collected for kernel hardness prior to weevil infestation, as kernel hardness to confer resistance to weevils. The components of maize weevil resistance considered were: median development period, Dobie index of susceptibility, weevil emergence, weevil mortality, weevil fecundity, grain weight loss, kernel damage and germination. There were highly significant differences in maize kernel characteristics and median development period (P &lt; 0.001) among the maize OPVs. There were significant differences in the number of damaged kernels, grain weight loss (P &lt; 0.01), weevil mortality and germination (P &lt; 0.05) among the maize OPVs. There were no significant differences found for weevil progeny emergence (F1), Dobie index of susceptibility and weevil fecundity, the last of which was positively and significantly correlated with kernel damage (P &lt; 0.001). The DIS was positively and significantly correlated with weight loss and F1 (P &lt; 0.001). The maize OPVs 07WEEVIL, Chitedze6, Strigoff126, Strigoff128 and ZM625 were found to be resistant; on the other hand, Strigoff140, Strigoff125, Strigoff133, VP05199 and VP074 varieties were highly susceptible. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Controlled temperature and humidity laboratory; Kernel hardness; Open pollinated varieties; Sitophilus zeamais; Zea mays (L.)	Curculionidae; Sitophilus zeamais; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84914665086	Exploitation of beneficial alleles from maize (Zea mays L.) landraces to enhance performance of an elite variety in water stress environments	Meseka S., Menkir A., Obeng-Antwi K.	2015	Euphytica	201	1	10.1007/s10681-014-1214-1	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PMB 5320 Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria; Crops Research Institute, 3785, Kumasi, Ghana	Meseka, S., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PMB 5320 Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria; Menkir, A., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PMB 5320 Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria; Obeng-Antwi, K., Crops Research Institute, 3785, Kumasi, Ghana	Yield losses of maize due to drought stress (DS) in environments with limited rains can reach 100 %. Introgression of favorable alleles from diverse landraces into adapted elite varieties will improve performance, hence reducing losses. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of BC populations under DS and multiple locations (ML) after introgression of alleles from diverse maize landraces into an elite variety. Twelve backcross (BC1F2) populations together with their recurrent parent (TZLCOMP4C1) and a commercial hybrid (Oba Super1) were evaluated under DS, well watered (WW) conditions during the dry season, and in seven ML trials in Nigeria. Significant differences were observed among genotypes for all traits except for ear aspect score under DS conditions. Grain yield and most agronomic traits measured were highly significant (p &lt; 0.001) under WW conditions and across ML trials. In DS, eight of the 12 BC1F2 populations had similar mean grain yield compared to their recurrent parent. Four of these populations produced 3–7 % more grains than the recurrent parent. Yield improvement was accompanied by reduced barrenness, days to flowering, plant height and ear placement, and good plant and ear aspect scores. The eight BC1F2 populations should be subjected to recurrent selection under controlled DS, while four other BC1F2 populations with low grain yields could be subjected to additional backcross to increase frequency of favorable alleles for improved performance in stress environments. The resulting improved populations can be invaluable source materials for developing drought tolerant varieties and parental lines of hybrids. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Backcross; Beneficial alleles; Drought stress; Introgression; Maize landrace	Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938419023	Evaluation of quality protein maize inbred lines for resistance to maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: curculionidae) and other important agronomic traits	Demissie G., Tilahun B., Dida M., Teklewold A., Wegary D.	2015	Euphytica	205	1	10.1007/s10681-015-1412-5	Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Bako National Maize Research Coordinating Centre, P.O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre, CIMMYT-Ethiopia ILRI Sholla Campus, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Demissie, G., Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Bako National Maize Research Coordinating Centre, P.O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Tilahun, B., Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Bako National Maize Research Coordinating Centre, P.O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Dida, M., Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Bako National Maize Research Coordinating Centre, P.O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Teklewold, A., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre, CIMMYT-Ethiopia ILRI Sholla Campus, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Wegary, D., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre, CIMMYT-Ethiopia ILRI Sholla Campus, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Searching new sources of resistance to the maize weevil are critical in a successful breeding program to address grain damage by postharvest pests. This study was undertaken to evaluate resistance in 28 quality protein maize (QPM) inbred lines against Sitophilus zeamais infestation and their important agronomic attributes, and consequently their value for use in breeding programs to develop resistant QPM hybrids. Susceptibility index (SI), which considers the progeny number in the F<inf>1</inf> generation and the time the insects take to mature from egg to adult, was used to measure the susceptibility. Out of the 28 inbred lines tested, one inbred line (CML-142) was resistant, three (CML-144/144-7-b (F2)-4-2-1-1-1-1-1, POOL 15QPFS-693-B-2-B-#-B-B-B-# and CML-149) were moderately resistant and the remaining 24 inbred lines were categorized as susceptible to highly susceptible. Importantly, those inbred lines that are resistant and moderately resistant had better yield and other agronomic performances as compared to the susceptible ones. These resistant and moderately resistant inbred lines showed considerable reduction in grain damage and losses for S. zeamais, suggesting that they contained genes that confer resistance to the pest. Correlations between kernel size, breadth and texture with some important susceptibility parameters were found to be significant, indicating possible influence of these factors together with others in determining the susceptibility of the QPM inbred lines to S. zeamais. Identification of QPM lines resistant to S. zeamais in the present study offers an opportunity to breed for resistance to maize weevil in developing QPM hybrid with enhanced resistance to S. zeamais. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Biophysical traits; Genetic resistance; Grain yield; QPM inbred lines; Sitophilus zeamais	Coleoptera; Curculionidae; Hexapoda; Sitophilus zeamais; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952634813	Population responses within a landscape matrix: A macrophysiological approach to understanding climate change impacts	Chown S.L., Gaston K.J., van Kleunen M., Clusella-Trullas S.	2010	Evolutionary Ecology	24	3	10.1007/s10682-009-9329-x	Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, 7602 Matieland, South Africa; Biodiversity and Macroecology Group, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom; Institute of Plant Sciences and Oeschger Centre, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland	Chown, S.L., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, 7602 Matieland, South Africa; Gaston, K.J., Biodiversity and Macroecology Group, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom; van Kleunen, M., Institute of Plant Sciences and Oeschger Centre, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland; Clusella-Trullas, S., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, 7602 Matieland, South Africa	Global environmental change (GEC) is a significant concern. However, forecasting the outcomes of this change for species and ecosystems remains a major challenge. In particular, predicting specific changes in systems where initial conditions, instabilities, and model errors have large impacts on the outcome is problematic. Indeed, predictive community ecology has been deemed unworthy of pursuit or an unreachable goal. However, new developments in large-scale biology provide ways of thinking that might substantially improve forecasts of local and regional impacts of climate change. Most notably, these are the explicit recognition of the regional and landscape contexts within which populations reside, the matrix approach that can be used to investigate the consequences of population variation across space and within assemblages, and the development of macrophysiology, which explicitly seeks to understand the ecological implications of physiological variation across large spatial and temporal scales. Here we explore how a combination of these approaches might promote further understanding and forecasting of the effects of global climate change and perhaps other GEC drivers on biodiversity. We focus on the population level, examining the ways in which environmental variation might be translated through performance and its plasticity to variation in demography. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009.	Bioclimatic modelling; Mechanistic models; Performance curves; Phenotypic plasticity; r × c matrices	bioclimatology; biodiversity; community ecology; demography; environmental change; environmental impact; performance assessment; phenotypic plasticity; physiological response; population growth	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-27844442716	On-farm evaluation of biological nitrogen fixation potential and grain yield of Lablab and two soybean varieties in the northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria	Okogun J.A., Sanginga N., Abaidoo R., Dashiell K.E., Diels J.	2005	Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems	73	03-Feb	10.1007/s10705-005-3821-7	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria; Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of CIAT (TSBF-CIAT), United Nations Avenue, Nairobi, Kenya; Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Oklahoma	Okogun, J.A., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria, IITA, c/o L.W. Lambourn and Co., 26 Dingwall Rd., Croydon CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Sanginga, N., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria, Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of CIAT (TSBF-CIAT), United Nations Avenue, Nairobi, Kenya; Abaidoo, R., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria; Dashiell, K.E., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria, Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Oklahoma State University, United States; Diels, J., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria	Several legumes with high biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) potentials have been studied in on-station trials. The processes involved in BNF and the benefits of these species to crop production need to be evaluated using farmers' management practices in farmers' fields. An on-farm trial with 20 farmers was conducted in the northern Guinea savanna (NGS) of Nigeria. The aims were to evaluate the BNF potentials of an improved soybean variety (TGx 1448-2E) and a local variety (Samsoy-2) when inoculated with Bradyrhizobium strains, and of Lablab in farmer-managed and researcher-managed soybean-maize and Lablab-maize crop rotation systems. The level of soil P was generally low with more than 50% of the fields having less than the critical P level. The plant available P content was statistically significantly (P = 0.05) correlated with P in grain (r = 0.60), P in the shoot (r = 0.68), grain yield (r = 0.40) and nodule weight (r = 0.35). Variations in plant parameters (nodulation, shoot dry matter, percentage nitrogen derived from the air [%Ndfa], grain yield, and nutrient uptake) among and within farmers' fields were attributed to differences in soil fertility and crop management. About 60% of the fields were moderately fertile, sufficient to support legume establishment, while about 30% of the farmers' fields had a low fertility level. For farmers in the study area to benefit from the BNF potentials of the legumes, an external P fertilizer input was necessary as well as suitable crop management practices because all parameters measured in the researcher-managed plots were higher than in the farmer-managed plots. © Springer 2005.	Biological nitrogen fixation; Grain yield; Northern Guinea savanna; Soybean	crop yield; nitrogen fixation; rhizobacterium; soybean; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Bradyrhizobium; Glycine max; Lablab; Zea mays	None
None	None	Evaluation of iron oxide impregnated filter paper method as an index of phosphorus availability in paddy soils of Tanzania	Shekiffu C.Y., Semoka J.M.R.	2007	Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems	77	2	10.1007/s10705-006-9054-6	National Soil Service, Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, P.O. Box 5088, Tanga, Tanzania; Department of Soil Science, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3008, Morogoro, Tanzania	Shekiffu, C.Y., National Soil Service, Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, P.O. Box 5088, Tanga, Tanzania; Semoka, J.M.R., Department of Soil Science, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3008, Morogoro, Tanzania	Phosphorus is a major yield limiting nutrient in rice production and yet most soil test methods for predicting P availability to plants have a number of shortcomings especially under flooded conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the iron oxide impregnated filter paper (Pi) method for assessing changes in P availability in soils subsequent to flooding and to determine the suitability of the method in assessing P status in paddy soils. The results indicated that available P increases considerably (between 34% and 256%) subsequent to flooding and this affected responsiveness of the soils to P application. Two versions of the Pi method namely; the Pi method used under flooded conditions (Pi-Pf) and Pi strips embedded directly in flooded soils (Pi-Pfe) were effective in assessing P availability in paddy soils. The two Pi methods were better correlated with rice dry matter yield than the traditional soil tests and are hence recommended for use in soil testing under flooded conditions. The tentative critical levels of P for the two procedures under pot conditions were 22 mg/kg for Pi-Pf and 15 mg/strip for Pi-Pef. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Available P; Critical P level; Flooded soils; Paddy soils; Tanzania	agricultural soil; assessment method; fertilizer application; flooded soil; iron oxide; nutrient availability; phosphorus; rice; soil nutrient; soil test; Africa; East Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-39849103457	Farmers' agronomic and social evaluation of productivity, yield and N 2-fixation in different cowpea varieties and their subsequent residual N effects on a succeeding maize crop	Adjei-Nsiah S., Kuyper T.W., Leeuwis C., Abekoe M.K., Cobbinah J., Sakyi-Dawson O., Giller K.E.	2008	Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems	80	3	10.1007/s10705-007-9133-3	Agricultural Research Centre-Kade, Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen 6708 PB, Netherlands; P.O. Box 47, Wageningen 6700 AA, Netherlands; Communication and Innovation Studies Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Sector, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Accra, Ghana; Department of Agricultural Extension, School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands	Adjei-Nsiah, S., Agricultural Research Centre-Kade, Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Kuyper, T.W., Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen 6708 PB, Netherlands, P.O. Box 47, Wageningen 6700 AA, Netherlands; Leeuwis, C., Communication and Innovation Studies Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; Abekoe, M.K., Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Cobbinah, J., Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Sector, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Accra, Ghana; Sakyi-Dawson, O., Department of Agricultural Extension, School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Giller, K.E., Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands	Cowpea-maize rotations form an important component of the farming systems of smallholder farmers in the forest/savannah transitional agro-ecological zone of Ghana. We evaluated five cowpea varieties for grain yield, N 2-fixation, biomass production, and contribution to productivity of subsequent maize grown in rotation. We further analyzed the interrelationship between these technical dimensions and the social acceptability of these cowpea varieties for farmers. Cowpea grain yield ranged between 1.1 and 1.4 t ha -1 with no significant yield differences among the different varieties. Using the 15N natural abundance technique, the average proportion of N2 fixed ranged between 61% for Ayiyi and 77% for Legon prolific. This resulted in average amounts of N2 fixed in above-ground biomass ranging between 32 and 67 kg N ha-1, respectively. Variation in estimates due to differences in δ15N among reference plants were larger than differences between cowpea varieties. The amount of soil-derived N ranged from 15 to 20 kg N ha-1. The above-ground net N contribution of the cowpea varieties to the soil (after adjusting for N export in grains) was highest for Legon Prolific (31 kg N ha-1) due to high N2-fixation and high leaf biomass production. Maize grain yield after cowpea without application of mineral N fertilizer ranged between 0.4 t ha-1 with maize after maize to 1.5 t ha-1 with Legon Prolific. The N fertilizer equivalence values for the cowpea varieties ranged between 18 and 60 kg N ha-1. IT810D-1010 was ranked by the farmers as the most preferred cowpea variety due to its white seed type, short-duration, ease of harvesting and good market value. Despite the high leaf biomass production and high amount of N2 fixed by Legon Prolific, it was generally the least preferred variety due to lower market price, late maturity, least potential cash income (due to the red mottled seed type) and difficulty in harvesting. Although farmers recognized the contribution of cowpea to soil fertility and yields of subsequent maize, they did not consider this as an important criterion for varietal selection. Soil fertility improvement must be considered as an additional benefit rather than a direct selection criterion when designing more sustainable smallholder farming systems. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	15N natural abundance; Crop rotations; Forage cowpea; Marketability	aboveground biomass; agricultural management; agroecology; crop production; crop rotation; crop yield; farmers knowledge; farming system; legume; maize; nitrogen fixation; Africa; Ghana; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-39549120675	Smallholder farmer management impacts on particulate and labile carbon fractions of granitic sandy soils in Zimbabwe	Mtambanengwe F., Mapfumo P.	2008	Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems	81	1	10.1007/s10705-007-9136-0	Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Soil Fertility Consortium for Southern Africa (SOFECSA), CIMMYT Southern Africa, Box MP 163, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Mtambanengwe, F., Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mapfumo, P., Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe, Soil Fertility Consortium for Southern Africa (SOFECSA), CIMMYT Southern Africa, Box MP 163, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Crop production in maize-based smallholder farming systems of Southern Africa is hampered by lack of options for efficiently managing limited and different quality organic nutrient resources. This study examined impacts of farmers' short- and long-term organic resource allocation patterns on sizes and quality of soil organic matter (SOM) fractions. Farmers' most- (rich) and least- (poor) productive fields were studied for two seasons under low (450-650 mm yr-1) to high (&gt;750 mm yr-1) rainfall areas in Zimbabwe, on Lixisols with ∼6% clay and 88% sand. Rich fields received 0.5-14 Mg C ha-1 compared with &lt;4 Mg C ha-1 for poor fields, and the differences were reflected in soil particulate organic matter (POM) fractions. Organic inputs were consistent with resource endowments, with well-endowed farmers applying at least five times the amounts used by resource-constrained farmers. Rich fields had 100% more macro-POM (250-2,000 μm diameter) and three times more meso-POM (53-250 μm) than poor fields. Application of high quality (&gt;25 mg N kg-1) materials increased labile C (KMnO4 oxidizable) in top 60 cm of soil profile, with 1.6 Mg C ha-1 of Crotalaria juncea yielding labile C amounts similar to 6 Mg C ha-1 of manure. Labile C was significantly related to mineralizable N in POM fractions, and apparently to maize yields (P &lt; 0.01). Farmers' preferential allocation of nutrient resources to already productive fields helps to maintain critical levels of labile SOM necessary to sustain high maize yields. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Maize yields; Organic matter management; Oxidizable carbon; Resource endowment; Smallholder farmers	agricultural management; crop production; crop yield; farming system; maize; resource allocation; sandy soil; smallholder; soil carbon; soil organic matter; Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Zimbabwe; Crotalaria; Crotalaria juncea; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-53249145765	Long-term impacts of pasture irrigation with treated sewage effluent on nutrient status of a sandy soil in Zimbabwe	Gwenzi W., Munondo R.	2008	Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems	82	2	10.1007/s10705-008-9181-3	Department of Civil Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, School of Earth and Geographical Sciences (South), University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Tropical Resources Ecology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Gwenzi, W., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, School of Earth and Geographical Sciences (South), University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Munondo, R., Tropical Resources Ecology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Declining freshwater resources and the need to safely dispose wastewater have led to a rapid increase in wastewater reuse in developing countries. However, empirical evidence on the effects of effluent-irrigation on soil fertility is limited. The study investigated the nutrient status of a sandy soil after 26 years of effluent irrigation. Soil samples from effluent-irrigated and non-irrigated sites were analysed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic carbon (SOC), total and plant available forms of N and P, exchangeable bases and trace metals. Analysis of effluent quality showed that, besides Cr and Cd, all measured parameters were within acceptable limits for wastewater irrigation. Our results revealed that effluent-irrigation significantly (P < 0.05) enriched the soil with essential nutrients for plant growth, which are commonly deficient in most soils of Zimbabwe. Effluent-irrigated soils had significantly (P < 0.05) higher pH, EC, SOC, total and available N and P and, exchangeable Ca and Mg at 0-30 cm-depth. However, apart from Cr accumulation, effluent irrigation significantly (P < 0.05) depleted Zn, Cu and Cd probably due to plant uptake and enhanced mobility under acidic soil pH. Cr accumulation and depletion and mobility of Zn, Cu and Cd in effluent-irrigated soils could threaten the sustainability of the practice. We recommend a review of the current management practices based on crop water requirements, effluent quality and environmental considerations. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Effluent irrigation; Nutrients; Pasture; Wastewater	accumulation; effluent; electrical conductivity; irrigation; nutrient availability; pasture; recycling; sandy soil; sewage; soil fertility; soil quality; waste disposal; wastewater; Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67349149123	Nitrogen rhizodeposition from soybean (Glycine max) and its impact on nutrient budgets in two contrasting environments of the Guinean savannah zone of Nigeria	Laberge G., Franke A.C., Ambus P., Høgh-Jensen H.	2009	Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems	84	1	10.1007/s10705-008-9225-8	Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé 9, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria; C/o Lambourn Ltd., Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall	Laberge, G., Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé 9, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark; Franke, A.C., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria, C/o Lambourn Ltd., Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon CR9 3EE, United Kingdom, Plant Research International, Department of Agrosystems Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P. O. Box 16, Wageningen 6700 AA, Netherlands; Ambus, P., Plant Research International, Department of Agrosystems Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P. O. Box 16, Wageningen 6700 AA, Netherlands; Høgh-Jensen, H., Risoe National Laboratory, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde 4000, Denmark	Nitrogen (N) rhizodeposition by grain legumes such as soybean is potentially a large but neglected source of N in cropping systems of Sub-Saharan Africa. Field studies were conducted to measure soybean N rhizodeposition in two environments of the Guinean savannah of Nigeria using 15N leaf labelling techniques. The first site was located in Ibadan in the humid derived savannah. The second site was in Zaria in the drier Northern Guinean savannah. Soybean N rhizodeposition in the top 0.30 m of soil varied from 7.5 kg ha -1 on a diseased crop in Ibadan to 33 kg ha-1 in Zaria. More than two-thirds of soybean belowground N was contained in the rhizodeposits at crop physiological maturity, while the rest was found in the recoverable roots. Belowground plant-derived N was found to constitute 16-23% of the total soybean N. Taking rhizodeposited pools into account led to N budgets close to zero when all residues were removed. If residues were left in the field or recycled as manure after being fed to steers, soybean cultivation led to positive N budgets of up to +95 kg N ha-1. The role and potential of grain legumes as N purveyors have been underestimated in the past by neglecting the N contained in their rhizodeposits. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	15N; Glycine max; Guinean savannah; Leaf labelling; Legumes; Nitrogen; Promiscuous soybean; Rhizodeposition; Roots	belowground biomass; cropping practice; nitrogen cycle; nutrient budget; root system; savanna; soybean; Africa; Ibadan; Kaduna [Nigeria]; Nigeria; Oyo; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Zaria; Glycine max	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955768302	Interactive effects of selected nutrient resources and tied-ridging on plant growth performance in a semi-arid smallholder farming environment in central Zimbabwe	Nyamangara J., Nyagumbo I.	2010	Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems	88	1	10.1007/s10705-009-9282-7	Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Nyamangara, J., Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Nyagumbo, I., Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Crop production in sub-Saharan Africa is constrained by numerous factors including frequent droughts and periods of moisture stress, low soil fertility, and restricted access to mineral fertilisers. A 2 year (2005/6 and 2006/7) field study was conducted in Shurugwi district, central Zimbabwe, to determine the effects of different nutrient resources and two tillage practices on the grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr). Six nutrient resource treatments (control, pit-stored manure, leaf litter, anthill soil, mineral fertiliser, mineral fertiliser plus pit-stored manure) were combined with two tillage practices (conventional tillage and post-emergence tied ridging). Basal fertilisation was done with 0 kg ha-1 as control, 240 kg ha-1 PKS fertiliser, 18 t ha-1 manure, 10 t ha-1 manure plus 240 kg ha-1 PKS fertiliser, 35 t ha-1 leaf litter, 52 t ha-1 anthill soil. About 60 kg N/ha was applied to fertiliser only and fertiliser plus manure treatments as top dressing in the form of ammonium nitrate (34.5%N). A split-plot design was used with nutrient resource as the main plot and tillage practice as the subplot, and five farmers' fields were used as replicates. Grain yield was determined at physiological maturity (140 and 126 days after planting for maize and soybean, respectively) and adjusted to 12.5% moisture content for maize and 11% for soybean. In the first season (2005/06), addition of different nutrient resources under conventional tillage increased (P &lt; 0.05) maize grain yield by 102-450%, with leaf litter and manure plus fertiliser treatments, giving the lowest (551 kg ha-1) and highest (3,032 kg ha-1) increments, respectively, compared to the control. For each treatment, tied-ridging further increased maize grain yield. For example, for leaf litter, tied-ridging further increased grain yield by 96% indicating the importance of integrating nutrient and water management practices in semi-arid areas where moisture stress is frequent. Despite the low rainfall and extended dry spells in the second season, addition of the different nutrient resources still increased yield which was further increased by tied-ridging in most treatments. Besides providing grain, soybean had higher residual effects on the following maize crop compared to Crotalaria gramiana, a green manure. It was concluded that the highest benefits of tied-ridging, in terms of grain yield, were realised when cattle manure was combined with mineral fertiliser, both of which are available to resource-endowed households. Besides marginally increasing yield, leaf litter and anthill which represent resources that can be accessed by very poor households, have a positive effect of the soil chemical environment. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Conventional tillage; Maize; Nutrient resources; Post-emergence tied ridging; Soybean	crop production; crop yield; fertilizer application; growth rate; growth response; leaf litter; maize; manure; moisture content; nutrient availability; rainfall; semiarid region; smallholder; soil fertility; soybean; tillage; water management; yield response; Zimbabwe; Bos; Crotalaria; Glycine max; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954029865	Impacts of heterogeneity in soil fertility on legume-finger millet productivity, farmers' targeting and economic benefits	Ebanyat P., de Ridder N., de Jager A., Delve R.J., Bekunda M.A., Giller K.E.	2010	Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems	87	2	10.1007/s10705-009-9329-9	Department of Soil Science, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Plant Production Systems Group, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, Netherlands; Agricultural Economics Research Institute (LEI), Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 29703, 2502 LS Den Haag, Netherlands; Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Inst. of International Centre for Tropical Agri. (TSBF-CIAT), P.O. Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya	Ebanyat, P., Department of Soil Science, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda, Plant Production Systems Group, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, Netherlands; de Ridder, N., Plant Production Systems Group, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, Netherlands; de Jager, A., Agricultural Economics Research Institute (LEI), Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 29703, 2502 LS Den Haag, Netherlands; Delve, R.J., Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Inst. of International Centre for Tropical Agri. (TSBF-CIAT), P.O. Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Bekunda, M.A., Department of Soil Science, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Giller, K.E., Plant Production Systems Group, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, Netherlands	Targeting of integrated management practices for smallholder agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa is necessary due to the great heterogeneity in soil fertility. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the impacts of landscape position and field type on the biomass yield, N accumulation and N2-fixation by six legumes (cowpea, green gram, groundnut, mucuna, pigeonpea and soyabean) established with and without P during the short rain season of 2005. Residual effects of the legumes on the productivity of finger millet were assessed for two subsequent seasons in 2006 in two villages in Pallisa district, eastern Uganda. Legume biomass and N accumulation differed significantly (P &lt; 0.001) between villages, landscape position, field type and P application rate. Mucuna accumulated the most biomass (4.8-10.9 Mg ha-1) and groundnut the least (1.0-3.4 Mg ha-1) on both good and poor fields in the upper and middle landscape positions. N accumulation and amounts of N2-fixed by the legumes followed a similar trend as biomass, and was increased significantly by application of P. Grain yields of finger millet were significantly (P &lt; 0.001) higher in the first season after incorporation of legume biomass than in the second season after incorporation. Finger millet also produced significantly more grain in good fields (0.62-2.15 Mg ha-1) compared with poor fields (0.29-1.49 Mg ha-1) across the two villages. Participatory evaluation of options showed that farmers preferred growing groundnut and were not interested in growing pigeonpea and mucuna. They preferentially targeted grain legumes to good fields except for mucuna and pigeonpea which they said they would grow only in poor fields. Benefit-cost ratios indicated that legume-millet rotations without P application were only profitable on good fields in both villages. We suggest that green gram, cowpea and soyabean without P can be targeted to good fields on both upper and middle landscape positions in both villages. All legumes grown with P fertiliser on poor fields provided larger benefits than continuous cropping of millet. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Benefit cost ratios; Farmers acceptance; Field type; Landscape position; Legume biomass productivity; N2-fixation; P application; Smallholder farms; Sub-Saharan Africa	agricultural management; cereal; cost-benefit analysis; crop production; crop rotation; crop yield; experimental study; farmers attitude; fertilizer application; heterogeneity; landscape structure; legume; nitrogen fixation; phosphorus; smallholder; soil fertility; Uganda; Arachis hypogaea; Cajanus cajan; Eleusine coracana; Glycine max; Mucuna; Vigna radiata var. radiata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870778474	Simulating impact of seasonal climatic variation on the response of maize (Zea mays L.) to inorganic fertilizer in sub-humid Ghana	Fosu-Mensah B.Y., MacCarthy D.S., Vlek P.L.G., Safo E.Y.	2012	Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems	94	42403	10.1007/s10705-012-9539-4	Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter-Flex Strasse 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany; Soil and Irrigation Research Centre, Kpong, College of Agriculture and Consumer Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 68, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Department of Crops and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Fosu-Mensah, B.Y., Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter-Flex Strasse 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany; MacCarthy, D.S., Soil and Irrigation Research Centre, Kpong, College of Agriculture and Consumer Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 68, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Vlek, P.L.G., Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter-Flex Strasse 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany; Safo, E.Y., Department of Crops and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Under low input subsistence farming systems, increased pressure on land use and decreased fallow periods have led to a decline in soil productivity. The soils in sub-humid region of Ghana are generally poor and require mineral fertilizer to increase crop productivity. This paper presents the use of Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) to simulate the long term influence of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on maize (Zea mays L.) yield in Sub-humid Ghana. The APSIM model was evaluated at two sites in Ejura, on a rainfed experiment carried out on maize in 2008 major and minor seasons, under various nitrogen and phosphorus rates. The model was able to reproduce the response of maize to water, N and P, and hence simulated maize grain yields with a coefficient of correlation (R2) of 0. 90 and 0. 88 for Obatanpa and Dorke cultivars, respectively. A 21-year long term simulation, with different rates of N and P mineral fertilizer application, revealed that moderate application of N (60 kg N ha-1) and 30 kg P ha-1 improves both the long term average and the minimum yearly guaranteed yield. Variability in grain yield increased with increasing application of N fertilizer in both seasons. Treatments with P fertilizer application shows a similar trend for the major season and reverse trend for the minor season, thereby suggesting an interactive effect with rainfall amounts and distribution. Application of 30 kg P ha-1 significantly increased the response to N. The response to mineral fertilizer (N and P) applications varied between seasons, suggesting the need to have a range of fertilizer recommendations to be applied based on seasonal weather forecast. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Maize; Modelling; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Productivity; Simulation	agricultural production; cultivar; ecological modeling; farming system; fertilizer application; humid environment; maize; mineral; nitrogen; numerical model; phosphorus; physiological response; rainfall; reproduction; seasonal variation; weather forecasting; Ghana; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930192887	Impact of season, fuel load and vegetation cover on fire mediated nutrient losses across savanna agro-ecosystems: the case of northern Ghana	Kugbe J., Fosu M., Vlek P.L.G.	2015	Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems	102	1	10.1007/s10705-014-9635-8	Division of Ecology and Natural Resources, Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter Flex Str. 3, Bonn, Germany; Department of Agronomy, University for Development Studies, Nyamkpala, Ghana; Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Nyankpala, P. O. Box 52, Tamale, Ghana; West African Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL), Airport-Accra, Ghana	Kugbe, J., Division of Ecology and Natural Resources, Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter Flex Str. 3, Bonn, Germany, Department of Agronomy, University for Development Studies, Nyamkpala, Ghana; Fosu, M., Division of Ecology and Natural Resources, Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter Flex Str. 3, Bonn, Germany, Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Nyankpala, P. O. Box 52, Tamale, Ghana; Vlek, P.L.G., Division of Ecology and Natural Resources, Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter Flex Str. 3, Bonn, Germany, West African Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL), Airport-Accra, Ghana	In the subsistence-based, nutrient-poor soils, and fertilizer-limited agriculture of northern Ghana, 45–65 % of land cover is annually burned for purposes of hunting and agricultural land preparation. The effects of burn-season, fractional nutrient losses, combusted plant parts and vegetation type on the fire-mediated nutrient cycling are unclear. We estimate and compare the plant nutrient losses associated with different savanna covers in the early and late burn-seasons and fractionate the losses into actual losses, which should be the cause for concern and the losses due to particulate redistribution. The tissue-moisture and fuel-load elemental concentrations are predominant factors that determine the quantity of fire-induced nutrient losses. About 50 % of total combusted phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium load; and ~99 % of the carbon and nitrogen loads are directly lost from burned sites during burns. Generally, calcium and magnesium are redistributed in particulate forms (~100 and ~90 % respectively) and not lost from the region, phosphorus and potassium are lost in both particulate (~50 and ~75 % respectfully) and non-particulate forms (~50 and ~25 % respectively), whereas the carbon and nitrogen are mostly lost in gaseous forms (~95 %). In the early-burn season high tissue-nitrogen concentration and low phosphorus-concentration renders burn vulnerable to high nitrogen-losses/emissions and low phosphorus-losses per unit burnt biomass. A comparatively high tissue moisture, however, impedes the early burns, resulting in patches of burned and unburned vegetation that reduce the occurrence of late burns and the total losses of plant-nutrients. Early burns reduce the quantity of nutrient losses towards a more secured food production. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Burn season; Bush fire; Fire-mediated nutrient losses; Food security; Savanna	agricultural ecosystem; fertilizer application; food production; food security; fuelwood; nutrient cycling; savanna; seasonality; vegetation cover; Ghana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930083290	Minjingu phosphate rock applications increase the population of phosphate solubilising microorganisms with a positive impact on crop yields in a Kenyan Ferralsol	Ndungu-Magiroi K.W., Waswa B., Bationo A., Okalebo J.R., Othieno C., Herrmann L., Lesueur D.	2015	Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems	102	1	10.1007/s10705-014-9661-6	Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI-Kitale), P.O. Box 450, Kitale, Kenya; International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), c/o International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P.O. Box 823-00621, Nairobi, Kenya; Action for Integrated Rural Development, Accra, Ghana; University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya; Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of CIAT (CIAT-TSBF), c/o World Agroforestry Centre, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya; CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols - Ecologie Fonctionnelle and Biogéochimie des Sols and Agroécosystèmes (SupAgro-CIRAD-INRA-IRD), Land Development Department, Office of Science for Land Development, Paholyothin Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University (Burwood Campus), Melbourne, Australia	Ndungu-Magiroi, K.W., Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI-Kitale), P.O. Box 450, Kitale, Kenya, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya, Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of CIAT (CIAT-TSBF), c/o World Agroforestry Centre, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya; Waswa, B., International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), c/o International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P.O. Box 823-00621, Nairobi, Kenya; Bationo, A., Action for Integrated Rural Development, Accra, Ghana; Okalebo, J.R., University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya; Othieno, C., University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya; Herrmann, L., Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of CIAT (CIAT-TSBF), c/o World Agroforestry Centre, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University (Burwood Campus), Melbourne, Australia, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University (Burwood Campus), Melbourne, Australia; Lesueur, D., Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of CIAT (CIAT-TSBF), c/o World Agroforestry Centre, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya, CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols - Ecologie Fonctionnelle and Biogéochimie des Sols and Agroécosystèmes (SupAgro-CIRAD-INRA-IRD), Land Development Department, Office of Science for Land Development, Paholyothin Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand	Soil microbes such as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria play significant roles in the solubilisation of inorganic phosphorus (P), mineralization of organic P and in improving plant P uptake. It is known that phosphate solubilising microorganisms (PSM) populations largely vary depending on the ecosystems, the cropping systems or the soil management. The capacity of Minjingu phosphate rock (PR) to enhance the populations of native PSM under three cereal–legume rotation systems was assessed in the third season of rotation. Triple super phosphate (TSP) was used as a positive control. In comparison to the negative control, application of Minjingu PR increased the total fungal diversity and phosphate solubilising bacteria (PSB) population by 67–90 % while high rates of TSP significantly (p < 0.05) reduced bacterial diversity and populations of PSB by 46–69 %. Minjingu PR also resulted in both crop and legume yields increase (41–104 % compared to the control), which were similar to those obtained with TSP application. Cropping systems incorporating sparingly soluble P sources such as Minjingu PR into soils can stimulate the populations of native PSB and agronomic productivity. They may represent a promising way of minimizing the utilization of mineral P fertilizers. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Fungal and bacterial diversity; Minjingu phosphate rock; PCR–DGGE; Phosphate solubilising bacteria	crop rotation; crop yield; Ferralsol; microbial activity; phosphate rock; soil microorganism; solubilization; Kenya; Bacteria (microorganisms); Rhizobiales	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-19544379146	Comparative reliability evaluation of lateritic soils as hydraulic barriers	Afolayan J.O., Nwaiwu C.M., Osinubi K.J.	2005	Geotechnical and Geological Engineering	23	5	10.1007/s10706-004-1199-y	Department of Civil Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Department of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri 600004 Borno State, Nigeria	Afolayan, J.O., Department of Civil Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Nwaiwu, C.M., Department of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri 600004 Borno State, Nigeria; Osinubi, K.J., Department of Civil Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria	A numerical investigation to determine the existence or otherwise of congruence between laboratory-based and field-based models for predicting hydraulic conductivity of compacted clay liners has been conducted. The comparisons here are based on values of the reliability index estimated with the use of the two models for cases when hydraulic conductivity is assumed to be normally and lognormally distributed. The laboratory reduced Proctor and modified Proctor compactive efforts were assumed to correspond to the lowest and highest compactor weights (165 kN and 338 kN for sheepsfoot rollers only from literature) respectively. The standard Proctor compactive effort was assumed to correspond to the mean compactor weight of 261.4 kN. Reliability estimates from the laboratory-based model were consistently higher than the corresponding values from the field-based model for each of the variables common to the two models. As laboratory samples usually involve small samples which are often unrepresentative of field situations, it is considered that reliability levels estimated with the use of the field-based model provide more realistic assessment of compacted lateritic soils as hydraulic barriers. Compactor weight of 300 kN and above may be needed for effective compaction of lateritic soil liners. Reliability-based designs of lateritic soil liners should incorporate appropriate probability distribution types for variables in the field-based model. © Springer 2005.	Compactor weights; Congruence of laboratory and field models; Hydraulic conductivity; Laboratory compactive efforts; Lateritic soil liners; Reliability index	Clay; Compaction; Hydraulic conductivity; Mathematical models; Parabolic antennas; Probability distributions; Clay liners; Hydraulic barriers; Lateritic soils; Soil liners; Soils; geotechnical engineering	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33644799663	Evaluation and prediction of the swelling characteristics of Nigerian black clays	Nwaiwu C.M.O., Nuhu I.	2006	Geotechnical and Geological Engineering	24	1	10.1007/s10706-004-1928-2	Department of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri 600004 Borno State, Nigeria; Al-Kay Limited (Building and Civil Engineering), Lozumba Shopping Complex, UTC Area, Garki, FCT Abuja, Nigeria	Nwaiwu, C.M.O., Department of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri 600004 Borno State, Nigeria; Nuhu, I., Al-Kay Limited (Building and Civil Engineering), Lozumba Shopping Complex, UTC Area, Garki, FCT Abuja, Nigeria	The swelling characteristics of black clays from two major areas of occurrence in Borno State, Nigeria, were investigated in the laboratory. Clay samples derived from lagoonal clay deposits showed high swelling tendencies while those samples derived from Olivine basalts showed medium to high swelling tendencies. Although interparticle swelling was the dominant swelling mechanism, soil samples with higher clay contents exhibited higher swelling tendencies. The developed predictive models show that the free swell percentage as well as the swelling pressure can be predicted from measured values of electrical conductivity, specific gravity, clay content and plasticity index. On the other hand, swell percent can be predicted from measured values of electrical conductivity and specific gravity only. © Springer 2006.	Free swell; Regression analysis; Swell percent; Swelling pressure; Tropical black clays	Clay deposits; Composition; Density measurement (specific gravity); Electric conductivity measurement; Plasticity; Pressure measurement; Regression analysis; Sampling; Swelling; Clay content; Plasticity index; Swell percent; Swelling pressure; Tropical black clays; Clay; clay; swelling	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858278466	Geotechnical Evaluation of Reddish Brown Tropical Soils	Bello A.A.	2012	Geotechnical and Geological Engineering	30	2	10.1007/s10706-011-9482-1	Department of Civil Engineering P. M. B. 4494, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria	Bello, A.A., Department of Civil Engineering P. M. B. 4494, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria	Laboratory investigations were carried out on reddish brown tropical soils from Moniya, Ibadan Southwestern Nigeria to determine the basic unconfined compressive strength of the soil samples which is an important factor to be considered when considering materials as liners in waste containment structure. Clay mineralogy, major element geochemical analyses were carried out by means of X-ray diffractometry and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry respectively. The engineering tests such as sieve size analyses, Atterberg limits, natural moisture contents, specific gravity and compaction using four different compactive efforts namely reduced proctor, standard proctor, West African standard and modified proctor. The tests were carried out in line with the procedures of the British standard 1377 of 1990 and Head of 1992. The soils were found to contain kaolinite as the major minerals with some mixtures of smectite, muscovite, halloysite, quartzite, biotite and aluminium phosphate. Values of the unconfined compressive strength obtained within 12.5 and 22.5% moulding water contents equal to or greater than 200 kN/m 2 which is the minimum acceptable value required for containment facilities. The maximum dry density, Mg/m 3 ranged between 1.68 and 1.98 while Optimum moisture content, % ranged between 12.3 and 21.2. Hence, unconfined compressive strength values were found to be greater than 200 kN/m 2 at dry unit weight of 16.20 kN/m 3 especially when WAS and modified proctor compactive efforts were used which met the minimum required unconfined compressive strength of 200 kN/m 2 for hydraulic barriers in waste containment facilities. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Clay mineralogy; Compactive efforts; Engineering tests; Reddish brown tropical soils; Unconfined compressive strength	Clay mineralogy; Compactive effort; Engineering tests; Reddish brown tropical soils; Unconfined compressive strength; Analytical geochemistry; Crystallography; Fluorescence spectroscopy; Kaolinite; Mica; Mineralogy; Minerals; Moisture determination; Soils; Standards; Tropics; X ray diffraction analysis; Compressive strength; aluminum compound; Atterberg limit; biotite; compressive strength; containment; halloysite; kaolinite; laboratory method; liner; muscovite; quartzite; smectite; soil mechanics; spectral analysis; standard (reference); tropical soil; unconformity; waste disposal; X-ray diffraction; X-ray fluorescence; Ibadan; Nigeria; Oyo	None
None	None	Weed species diversity on arable land of the dryland areas of central Tanzania: Impacts of continuous application of traditional tillage practices	Shemdoe R.S., Mbago F.M., Kikula I.S., Van Damme P.L.	2008	GeoJournal	71	42403	10.1007/s10708-008-9147-7	Institute of Human Settlements Studies, Ardhi University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Botany, University of Dar-es-Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Institute of Resource Assessment, University of Dar-es-Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture and Ethnobotany, Faculty of Bio-Science Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium	Shemdoe, R.S., Institute of Human Settlements Studies, Ardhi University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Mbago, F.M., Department of Botany, University of Dar-es-Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Kikula, I.S., Institute of Resource Assessment, University of Dar-es-Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Van Damme, P.L., Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture and Ethnobotany, Faculty of Bio-Science Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium	This paper presents findings from a study that assessed influence of continuous application of a particular traditional tillage practice on weed species richness, diversity and composition and identifies weed species with positive benefits to the communities in semi-arid areas of Mpwapwa district, central Tanzania. In this area farmers apply three different traditional tillage practices which are no-till (NT), shallow tillage (ST) and Ridging System (RT). A total of 36 farm fields were surveyed in 2006/2007 cropping season where 63 weed species from 26 families were identified. Analysis of variance indicated significant differences between practices (p < 0.05), with NT practice having highest weed species richness and diversity. Among the five more prevalent weed species appearing, Bidens lineariloba was observed to exist in all the three practices. Community representatives during focus group discussions indicated 9 weed species out of 63 identified to have beneficial uses. These species are Cleome hirta, Amaranthus graecizans, Bidens lineoriloba, Bidens pilosa, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Launaea cornuta, Heteropogon contortus, Tragus berteronianus and Trichodesma zeylanicum. Their main uses include leaf-vegetable, medicines, fodder and materials for thatching. From this study NT has highest weed species richness and diversity which therefore suggests that much more time is needed for weeding in this practice compared to other practice which was the farmers' concern. It was also noted that although weed species have negative effects in crop production and production costs, they still play a vital role in food security and for the health of different people in marginal areas as well as for the complete ecosystem including micro and macrofauna. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Land uses; Semiarid areas; Tillage systems; Weed flora diversity; Weed species richness	Crops; Ecosystems; Weed control; Semiarid areas; Tillage systems; Weed flora diversity; Weed species richness; Land use; arable land; community composition; cost-benefit analysis; dryland farming; food security; land use; semiarid region; species diversity; species richness; tillage; weed; zero tillage; Africa; Dodoma [Tanzania]; East Africa; Mpwapwa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tanzania; Amaranthus graecizans; Bidens; Bidens pilosa; Cleome; Cornuta; Dactyloctenium aegyptium; Heteropogon contortus; Launaea; Tragus berteronianus; Trichodesma	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349985255	The impact of political transformation on employment in the Transkei bureaucracy and civil service in Umtata, South Africa since 1994	Siyongwana P.Q.	2009	GeoJournal	74	4	10.1007/s10708-008-9237-6	Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa	Siyongwana, P.Q., Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa	The demise of South African Apartheid Planning in 1994 and subsequent lost of Umtata's capital status when the Transkei was subsumed into the new Eastern Cape Province resulted in the major political transformation of the Transkei state. Central to the post-apartheid transformation was restructuring of Transkei bureaucracy which at the time of South Africa's independence in 1994 displayed abnormalities. This paper documents the restructuring of the Transkei bureaucracy focusing on Umtata since 1994. The study has brought to the forefront the following facts: Firstly, that at the time of the Transkei merger into South Africa, employment in the government was 'booming' and to greater extent it was affected by Umtata's role-being the capital city of the pseudo-Transkei state. Secondly, the post 1994-political transformation of the Transkei Bantustan impacted negatively on Umtata's employment notably the civil service sector by 'squeezing' it during the early years of democracy (1994-2000). Thirdly, since 2001, with Umtata serving as the major urban centre of both King Sabata Local Municipality and OR Tambo District Municipality, employment in the civil service and municipality has been revitalized. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.	Apartheid planning; Impact political transformation; Transkei bureaucracy; Umtata	Apartheid planning; Civil service; Impact political transformation; Paper documents; South Africa; Transkei bureaucracy; Umtata; Law enforcement; Employment; apartheid; bureaucracy; civil service; democracy; employment; political change; Africa; Eastern Cape; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Umtata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84942501614	Using a dual kernel density estimate as a preliminary evaluation of the spatial distribution of diagnosed chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Edo State, Nigeria	Oviasu O.I.	2015	GeoJournal	80	5	10.1007/s10708-014-9590-6	Regional Centre for Training in Aerospace Surveys (RECTAS), Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria	Oviasu, O.I., Regional Centre for Training in Aerospace Surveys (RECTAS), Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria	Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing problem in Nigeria, presenting challenges to the nation’s health and economy. This study presents an analysis of 442 patients with CKD referred to the renal department at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria between 2006 and 2009. It investigates the spatial distribution of the disease across the study area using the kernel density estimate to evaluate the spatial distribution of CKD cases within the state. It involves the analysis of the distribution of CKD cases in relation to their underlying population to determine the areas of high and low density of diagnosed CKD cases across the state. The result highlighted the spatial distribution of diagnosed CKD and also highlighted the areas of concern regarding the spatial distribution of diagnosed CKD within the state. The findings derived from this study would be helpful in the preliminary assessment needed for policy-making decisions that pertain to the strategic allocation of resources for CKD treatment within the health sector. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Chronic kidney disease; Dual kernel density estimate; Edo State; Spatial analysis	Decision making; Hospitals; Areas of concerns; Chronic kidney disease; Edo State; Kernel density estimate; Policy making; Preliminary assessment; Spatial analysis; Strategic allocation; Spatial distribution	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33751545050	Investigation of El Niño and La Niña effects and the impact of Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SSTs), on precipitation in Nigeria from 1950 to 1992	Okeke F.N., Marengo J.A., Nobre C.	2006	Surveys in Geophysics	27	5	10.1007/s10712-006-9009-0	Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Centro de Previsão de Estudos Climãticos, Cachoeira, Paulista SP, Brazil	Okeke, F.N., Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Marengo, J.A., Centro de Previsão de Estudos Climãticos, Cachoeira, Paulista SP, Brazil; Nobre, C., Centro de Previsão de Estudos Climãticos, Cachoeira, Paulista SP, Brazil	Monthly precipitation data from meteorological stations in Nigeria are analysed from 1950 to 1992, in relation to sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the tropical Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. The analyses have shed some light on understanding the variability of rainfall anomalies observed in Nigeria for this period. The correlation values between rainfall anomaly indices (RAI) and different meteorological indices are not all significant. Thus, the analyses show some indication that rainfall in Nigeria is associated with El Niño-related circulation and rainfall anomalies. The low correlations between RAI and SST in the Pacific confirm low correlations between rainfall and southern oscillation indices (SOI). SST correlations in the tropical Atlantic suggest that warm surface water in this part of the Atlantic moves the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) southward and away from the SouthEast of Nigeria, indicating less rainfall, while, in SouthWest of Nigeria, the warm surface waters in this part of the Atlantic are likely to be responsible for a more northern position of the ITCZ, which produces more rainfall. The lower correlation in Northern Nigeria may be attributed to its continentality, away from the influence of the sea surface conditions in the Gulf of Guinea and the tropical Atlantic. The drought, or rainfall, cycles in Northern Nigeria are more closely connected to the land surface conditions in the nearby Sahel region. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2006.	Atlantic Ocean; El Nino; Interannual variability; Nigeria; Pacific Ocean; Precipitation anomaly; Rainfall	Atmospheric temperature; Climatology; Correlation methods; Oceanography; El Nino; La Nina; Sea surface temperatures (SSTs); Precipitation (meteorology); annual variation; correlation; El Nino; intertropical convergence zone; La Nina; precipitation (climatology); rainfall; sea surface temperature; Southern Oscillation; temperature effect; Africa; Atlantic Ocean; Nigeria; Pacific Ocean; Pacific Ocean (Tropical); Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924755802	Impact of anisotropic stresses during dissipative gravitational collapse	Reddy K.P., Govender M., Maharaj S.D.	2015	General Relativity and Gravitation	47	4	10.1007/s10714-015-1880-x	Astrophysics and Cosmology Research Unit, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa	Reddy, K.P., Astrophysics and Cosmology Research Unit, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Govender, M., Astrophysics and Cosmology Research Unit, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Maharaj, S.D., Astrophysics and Cosmology Research Unit, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa	We employ a perturbative scheme to study the evolution of a spherically symmetric stellar body undergoing gravitational collapse in the presence of heat dissipation and anisotropic stresses. The Bowers and Liang static model is perturbed, and its subsequent dynamical collapse is studied in the linear perturbative regime. We find that anisotropic effects brought about by the differences in the radial and tangential pressures render the core more unstable than the cooler surface layers. An analysis of the temperature profiles in the interior of the collapsing body shows that the temperature is enhanced in the presence of pressure anisotropy. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Anisotropic stresses; Causal thermodynamics; Dissipative collapse	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33645987566	Evaluation of morpho-agronomic variability of wild and cultivated kola (Cola species Schott et Endl.) in South Western Nigeria	Adebola P.O., Morakinyo J.A.	2006	Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution	53	4	10.1007/s10722-004-3558-1	Plant Breeding Group, Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5244, Ibadan, Nigeria; Plant Science Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria	Adebola, P.O., Plant Breeding Group, Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5244, Ibadan, Nigeria; Morakinyo, J.A., Plant Science Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria	As part of a breeding programme, exploration and systematic selection exercise of kola (Cola spp.) was carried out in Nigeria from the large number of kola populations in the country based mainly on yield and various nut characteristics. The exercise gave rise to a collection of many accessions of the genus including five wild species that are currently being maintained in field genebanks of Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN), Gambari experimental station, Idi-Ayunre, Ibadan. In order to fully exploit the variability in these plants for genetic improvement, the plants were characterized and their morphological variability described. A list of descriptors, developed by International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) for Avocado, with modifications was employed recording 60 descriptors consisting of 33 qualitative and 27 quantitative characters. The characterization data revealed enormous morphological variability among the plants studied and have strong bearing on the taxonomy of the groups. The result also confirmed that the wild species of Cola form a special group with enormous agronomic traits that are yet to be exploited in kola breeding. Wild species identified with high nut and pod numbers, thick indehiscent pods and fruit size uniformity is recommended for use in interspecific hybridization programme. © Springer 2006.	Cola species; Genetic improvement; Germplasm evaluation; Morphological variability; Utilization potential; Wild relatives	agronomy; breeding; cultivation; perennial plant; plant community; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Cola; Cola acuminata; Persea americana; Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873523097	Global analysis of Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner (Rubiaceae) from the Guineo-Congolese region reveals impacts from climatic refuges and migration effects	Cubry P., de Bellis F., Pot D., Musoli P., Leroy T.	2013	Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution	60	2	10.1007/s10722-012-9851-5	CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398, Montpellier, France; NARO, Coffee Research Centre, P.O. Box 185, Mukono, Uganda	Cubry, P., CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398, Montpellier, France; de Bellis, F., CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398, Montpellier, France; Pot, D., CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398, Montpellier, France; Musoli, P., NARO, Coffee Research Centre, P.O. Box 185, Mukono, Uganda; Leroy, T., CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398, Montpellier, France	As the second species used for commercial coffee, evaluation of Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner population genetics is a challenging task for coffee breeding. This study examined the pattern of genetic variability and genetic relationships of cultivated and wild populations of C. canephora sampled across the Guineo-Congolese region of Africa and some improved populations maintained in field genebanks. A total of 293 individuals, sampled from 17 populations, were genotyped with 39 nuclear microsatellite markers. Genetic diversity and structure were investigated with both a model-based and a graphical approach; isolation by distance was also tested. Relationships between the diversity clusters are discussed with regard to differentiation due to several glacial refuges during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). High genetic diversity within C. canephora is confirmed with a mean number of alleles of 11.85 per marker, a mean gene diversity of 0.72 and a mean observed heterozygosity of 0.36. An overall structure of two main groups (Guinean and Congolese) subdivided in six subgroups (2 for the Guinean and 4 for the Congolese) was found, including one described for the first time in the Guinean group. A fine structure within the Guinean group was also newly detected. Genetic structure of C. canephora appears to be consistent with its geographic repartition at the continent scale. Structure of diversity was found in accordance with localizations of refuge zones during LGM and migration from this period. Results from this genetic structure study raise our capabilities to better manage and use the collections of genetics resources for breeding purposes. Those results will be used in future association studies to optimize the number of genotypes to be phenotyped. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Coffea canephora; Genetic diversity; Guineo-Congolese region; Population structure; Refuge zone	breeding; climate variation; genetic isolation; genetic structure; genetic variation; genotype; Last Glacial Maximum; numerical model; phenotype; sampling; species diversity; Coffea canephora; Rubiaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893597433	Evaluation of the allelopathic potential of five South African mesic grassland species	Ghebrehiwot H.M., Aremu A.O., van Staden J.	2014	Plant Growth Regulation	72	2	10.1007/s10725-013-9847-y	Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa	Ghebrehiwot, H.M., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa; Aremu, A.O., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa; van Staden, J., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa	The recent success of Aristida junciformis Trin. and Rupr. and Eragrostis curvula Schrad. Nees in dominating South African grasslands has posed agricultural and ecological threats. With the objective of examining if the current success of the species is related to allelopathy, the present study assessed the allelopathic potential of five common perennial grassland species (Poaceae). Aqueous extracts prepared by soaking separately 2, 10, 25 and 40 g of leaf and root material in 100 mL of distilled-water for 36 h were bioassayed using a biotest species i.e. Grand Rapids lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa L. cv.). Species, dilution level and plant-part had a highly significant (P < 0.001) effect on germination percentage, as well as shoot and root elongation of the biotest species. At higher concentrations, the leaf extracts of all species showed significant inhibitory activities which declined with increases in dilution level. A. junciformis, E. curvula and Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) BK Simon and SWL Jacobs. demonstrated the highest degree of inhibition in germination percentage and subsequent seedling length; with complete inhibition recorded at dilution levels ≥25 % w/v. At high concentration levels, root extracts of all species, except Themeda triandra Forssk. exhibited significant inhibitory effects on germination; with Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Staph being most inhibitory. Relatively speaking, E. curvula, A. junciformis and M. maximus showed the highest degree of inhibition. These findings suggest that these three species possess strong allelopathic potential. Such an allelopathic supremacy may contribute to their dominance in natural grasslands. Further studies, however, are still required to isolate responsible phytochemicals and to better understand if allelopathic advantage is the key factor contributing to population dynamics in the field. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Allelopathy; Bioassay; Leaf extract; Lettuce seed; Perennial grasses; Seedling growth	None	Claude Leon Foundation
None	None	Modelling the impacts of new diagnostic tools for tuberculosis in developing countries to enhance policy decisions	Langley I., Doulla B., Lin H.-H., Millington K., Squire B.	2012	Health Care Management Science	15	3	10.1007/s10729-012-9201-3	Clinical Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan	Langley, I., Clinical Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Doulla, B., National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Lin, H.-H., Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Millington, K., Clinical Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Squire, B., Clinical Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom	The introduction and scale-up of new tools for the diagnosis of Tuberculosis (TB) in developing countries has the potential to make a huge difference to the lives of millions of people living in poverty. To achieve this, policy makers need the information to make the right decisions about which new tools to implement and where in the diagnostic algorithm to apply them most effectively. These decisions are difficult as the new tools are often expensive to implement and use, and the health system and patient impacts uncertain, particularly in developing countries where there is a high burden of TB. The authors demonstrate that a discrete event simulation model could play a significant part in improving and informing these decisions. The feasibility of linking the discrete event simulation to a dynamic epidemiology model is also explored in order to take account of longer term impacts on the incidence of TB. Results from two diagnostic districts in Tanzania are used to illustrate how the approach could be used to improve decisions. © 2012 The Author(s).	Cost effectiveness; Developing Countries; Simulation; Transmission modelling; Tuberculosis	algorithm; article; clinical pathway; cost benefit analysis; decision making; developing country; economics; health care delivery; health care policy; human; lung tuberculosis; management; microbiology; organization and management; sputum; theoretical model; time; Algorithms; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Critical Pathways; Decision Making; Delivery of Health Care; Developing Countries; Health Policy; Humans; Models, Theoretical; Policy Making; Sputum; Time Factors; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-23944490137	Through the magnifying glass: A descriptive theoretical analysis of the possible impact of the South African higher education policies on academic staff and their job satisfaction	Mapesela M., Hay H.R.	2005	Higher Education	50	1	10.1007/s10734-004-6358-9	Center for Higher Education Studies and Development, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 4345, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Mapesela, M., Center for Higher Education Studies and Development, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 4345, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Hay, H.R., Center for Higher Education Studies and Development, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 4345, Bloemfontein, South Africa	This article provides a descriptive theoretical analysis of the most important higher education policies and initiatives which were developed by the democratically elected government of South Africa after 1994 to transform the South African higher education system. The article sheds light on the rationale for the policies under scrutiny; how they take cognisance of academics' diverse needs; as well as how their implementation is bound to affect academics and possibly influence job satisfaction. The article argues that the South African higher education fraternity, currently overwhelmed by mammoth change initiatives, is simultaneously faced with two processes, namely transforming the socio-political state of the country, as well as transformation to respond to national higher education policy imperatives. Seemingly South African policy-makers, in their attempts to break away from the past, are oblivious of the realities of thorough policy implementation and do not take the voluminous nature of policies into consideration as an inhibiting factor. Undoubtedly this could have adverse effects for academic staff who are expected to propel change and transformation, but who are oftentimes confronted with the complexities of implementation which entail among others, dealing with cumbersome procedures, processes, bureaucratic structures as well as increasing workloads. © Springer 2005.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548386628	The international performance of the South African academic institutions: A citation assessment	Pouris A.	2007	Higher Education	54	4	10.1007/s10734-006-9034-4	Institute for Technological Innovation, Main Campus, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Pouris, A., Institute for Technological Innovation, Main Campus, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	This article reports the results of an investigation to identify the disciplinary strengths and the international standing of the higher education institutions in South Africa. Even though comparative assessments provide valuable information for research administrations, researchers and students such information is not available in South Africa currently. The Essential Science Indicators database of the Institute for Scientific Information is utilized for the investigation and six South African universities are identified to be included in the top 1% of the world's institutions cited in the international scientific literature. The identified institutions are University of Cape Town, University of Pretoria, Orange Free State University, University of Witwatersrand, University of Natal and University of Stellenbosch. Analysis of the scientific disciplines in which the South African institutions meet the threshold requirements for inclusion in the database shows that the country has citation footprints in only nine of the 22 broad scientific disciplines. The article identifies the international standing of the South African universities in the various scientific disciplines, and elaborates on the consequences relevant to higher education and science and technology policy.	Assessment; Citations; Evaluation; Higher education; Rankings; South Africa; Universities	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-44349185649	Students' evaluations of the use of e-learning in a collaborative project between two South African universities	Rohleder P., Bozalek V., Carolissen R., Leibowitz B., Swartz L.	2008	Higher Education	56	1	10.1007/s10734-007-9091-3	Department of Psychology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Social Work, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; Centre for Teaching and Learning, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Human Sciences Research Council, Private Bag X9182, Cape Town, South Africa	Rohleder, P., Department of Psychology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Bozalek, V., Department of Social Work, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; Carolissen, R., Department of Psychology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Leibowitz, B., Centre for Teaching and Learning, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Swartz, L., Department of Psychology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa, Human Sciences Research Council, Private Bag X9182, Cape Town, South Africa	Online learning is increasingly being used in Higher Education, with a number of advantages to online learning being identified. One of these advantages is the suggestion that online learning provides for equality of opportunity. This article reports on students' evaluations of the use of e-learning in a collaborative project between two South African universities. The results highlighted both positive and negative evaluations of the use of e-learning. The positive aspects identified were that e-learning provided for ease of communication between parties, and easy access to information and learning material. Negative aspects identified were that it presented some technical challenges; online communication was disjointed; there was unequal access to computers between students from the two universities; students felt that more face-to-face interaction is needed. The issue of unequal access to computers and the internet is highlighted as a crucial issue for e-learning in the South African context, and for the fostering of a democratising educational discourse. © 2007 Springer Science + Business Media B.V.	Collaborative learning; Democratic learning; E-learning; Higher education; South Africa; Students	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-41049111949	Herder perceptions on impacts of range enclosures, crop farming, fire ban and bush encroachment on the rangelands of Borana, Southern Ethiopia	Angassa A., Oba G.	2008	Human Ecology	36	2	10.1007/s10745-007-9156-z	Noragric, Department of International Environment and Development Studies, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, Ås N-1432, Norway; College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, Awassa, Ethiopia	Angassa, A., Noragric, Department of International Environment and Development Studies, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, Ås N-1432, Norway, College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, Awassa, Ethiopia; Oba, G., Noragric, Department of International Environment and Development Studies, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, Ås N-1432, Norway	This study focuses on community-based knowledge to analyze the impacts of range enclosures, crop farming, fire suppression and bush encroachment on the communal rangelands of Borana, southern Ethiopia. The knowledge of local herders is the basis for decision making in the utilization and management of grazing lands. We used Borana oral history associated with the period of the gada system to reconstruct environmental change that spans a period of 48 years. Our results show that the use of communities' perceptions as a basis for evaluating the impacts of land use change on the environment makes an important methodological contribution. Communities' responses to changing land use resulted in the development of range enclosures, the expansion of crop farming and the fragmentation of the communal rangelands, while the suppression of fire contributed to the expansion of bush encroachment. The overall impact was forage scarcity and greater vulnerability of stock during drought years. We conclude that policymakers could use communities' knowledge of environmental change to improve the use of the rangelands. We propose that sustainable use of the southern rangelands in the future will require a greater focus on regulating the expansion of enclosures, crop farming and ranching, as well as reintroducing fire where necessary, to control the expansion of bush cover. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007.	Bush encroachment; Community perception; Environmental history; Fire ban; Land use Policy; Rangeland development	crop production; decision making; environmental change; environmental history; farmers knowledge; fire; grazing management; land use change; perception; rangeland; Africa; Borana; East Africa; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
None	None	Transition of Shifting Cultivation and its Impact on People's Livelihoods in the Miombo Woodlands of Northern Zambia and South-Western Tanzania	Grogan K., Birch-Thomsen T., Lyimo J.	2013	Human Ecology	41	1	10.1007/s10745-012-9537-9	Department of Geography and Geology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Resources Assessment, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Grogan, K., Department of Geography and Geology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Birch-Thomsen, T., Department of Geography and Geology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Lyimo, J., Institute of Resources Assessment, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Shifting cultivation has long been a major livelihood for people in the miombo woodlands of southern, central and eastern Africa. However, increasing deforestation and forest degradation throughout the region are resulting in growing pressure on traditional shifting agricultural systems. Indeed, agricultural intensification and expansion itself is considered the primary cause of miombo deterioration, which is driven by both endogenous and exogenous variables operating at various scales. On the basis of data collected in the 1990s and 2010 from two villages in Northern Province, Zambia and two in the Rukwa Region, Tanzania, the paper will document the transition of shifting cultivation towards more intensive land use practices. It is argued that the main drivers influencing miombo degradation, and thereby the transition process of traditional shifting cultivation practices, have been a growing population, government policies, and an increasing commercialization/market integration. Questionnaires, focus group meetings, and in-depth interviews reveal that despite the breakdown of the traditional shifting cultivation practices, a general improvement of livelihoods has taken place. This has happened through adaptation and diversification in both agricultural practices and livelihood activities. However, it is also seen that because of the often rapidly changing external factors (market conditions and policies), life in the shifting cultivation communities involves a continual shift of emphasis among a variety of livelihood strategies. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Diversification; Livelihoods; Miombo woodland; Shifting cultivation; Tanzania; Transition; Zambia	agricultural intensification; agricultural practice; deforestation; land use; shifting cultivation; traditional agriculture; woodland; Northern Province [Zambia]; Rukwa; Tanzania; Zambia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929050488	Integrating local knowledge and forest surveys to assess Lantana camara impacts on indigenous species recruitment in Mazeppa Bay, South Africa	Jevon T., Shackleton C.M.	2015	Human Ecology	43	2	10.1007/s10745-015-9748-y	Department of Environmental Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	Jevon, T., Department of Environmental Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Shackleton, C.M., Department of Environmental Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	Invasive alien species have variable impacts on peoples' livelihoods, plant communities and species at the local scale. Local people often have deeper insights into and experiences of these impacts than can be measured by scientific surveys. Here we examine the impacts of Lantana camara on the recruitment of indigenous forest species, many of which are used by local people. We integrate findings from conversations with elderly respondents with standard ecological surveys. Both sources of information indicate that the increasing presence of Lantana suppresses the number and species richness of recruits of indigenous forest species, which may retard forest succession. Dense thickets of Lantana also restricted access to non-timber forest products and species of cultural significance. The origin and date of the Lantana introduction in the area was identified by respondents as the 1960s and it escaped into the wild in the early 1970s. These findings can be incorporated into locally based management considerations. © 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Forest regeneration; Invasive alien species; Local ecological knowledge; Non-timber forest products; Rural livelihoods	Lantana; Lantana camara	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845491086	Natural variation in macroinvertebrate assemblages and the development of a biological banding system for interpreting bioassessment data - A preliminary evaluation using data from upland sites in the south-western Cape, South Africa	Dallas H.F., Day J.A.	2007	Hydrobiologia	575	1	10.1007/s10750-006-0374-y	Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Cape Town, Western Cape 7700, South Africa	Dallas, H.F., Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Cape Town, Western Cape 7700, South Africa; Day, J.A., Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Cape Town, Western Cape 7700, South Africa	The variability of macroinvertebrate assemblages was investigated at 27 upland reference sites in the south-western Cape, South Africa. Multivariate analyses showed that sites did not group on the basis of geomorphological zonation, i.e. mountain stream and foothill-cobble bed. When separate analyses were undertaken for mountain stream (n = 21) and foothill-cobble bed sites (n = 6), assemblages formed three and two groups, respectively. Similarity amongst groups ranged from 47% to 52%, while within-group similarity was between 54% and 67%. Environmental variables shown to contribute to this variability included distance from source, cation ratio ([Na+]+[K+]/([Na +]+[K+]+[Ca2+]+[Mg2+]), pH, longitude and stream width. Whilst overall variability in the metrics of the biotic index, SASS (South African Scoring System), is high at reference sites, the interpretation of monitoring-site data using biological bands derived from a range of reference sites, ensured that variability was taken into account and that detection of disturbance at a monitoring site was not impeded. A biological banding system has been developed for upland sites in the south-western Cape, together with a list of reference or expected SASS-taxa. This list includes details pertaining to seasonality and biotope preferences. The ability to define reference conditions that take intrinsic variability amongst reference sites into account is important for the accurate interpretation of bioassessment data. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Bioassessment; Biological bands; Biotic indices; Reference condition; SASS; South African Scoring System; Spatial variability	Assembly; Data reduction; Positive ions; Sodium; Bioassessment data; Biological banding system; Biological bands; Cation ratio; Geomorphological zonation; Macroinvertebrate assemblages; Reference condition; South African Scoring System (SASS); Natural sciences computing; bioassay; macroinvertebrate; mountain stream; multivariate analysis; spatial variation; upland region; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871529178	The propagation and dispersal of misinformation in ecology: Is there a relationship between citation accuracy and journal impact factor?	Drake D.C., Maritz B., Jacobs S.M., Crous C.J., Engelbrecht A., Etale A., Fourie M.J., Furniss D.G., Scott S.L., Parusnath S., Tye D.R.	2013	Hydrobiologia	702	1	10.1007/s10750-012-1392-6	School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Drake, D.C., School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa; Maritz, B., School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa; Jacobs, S.M., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Crous, C.J., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Engelbrecht, A., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Etale, A., School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fourie, M.J., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Furniss, D.G., School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa; Scott, S.L., School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa; Parusnath, S., School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa; Tye, D.R., School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa	[No abstract available]	None	accuracy assessment; dispersal; ecological impact; vegetative propagation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876884028	Physico-chemical impacts of terrestrial alien vegetation on temporary wetlands in a sclerophyllous Sand fynbos ecosystem	Bird M.S., Day J.A., Rebelo A.J.	2013	Hydrobiologia	711	1	10.1007/s10750-013-1470-4	Freshwater Research, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa	Bird, M.S., Freshwater Research, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Day, J.A., Freshwater Research, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Rebelo, A.J., Freshwater Research, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa	Temporary depression wetlands form a characteristic feature of the wet-season landscape in the south-western Cape region of South Africa, yet they remain largely unstudied. We hypothesized that the loss of sclerophyllous Sand fynbos habitat around these temporary wetlands causes in-wetland physico-chemical changes. We expected to observe a decrease in the concentration of humic substances in wetlands and a corresponding rise in surface water pH as fynbos cover decreases around wetlands, in this case owing to alien vegetation invasion. A set of 12 differentially invaded temporary depression wetlands within a Sand fynbos ecosystem in Cape Town were repeatedly sampled during the 2009 wet season. Multivariate gradient analysis techniques revealed associations between fynbos cover bordering wetlands and various physico-chemical and biotope constituents within wetlands. Univariate linear regression models reported strong and temporally consistent negative relationships between terrestrial fynbos vegetation cover and wetland pH and positive relationships with humic content. Results indicate that replacement of Sand fynbos with alien vegetation causes a reduction of humic input to wetlands, which in turn has knock-on effects on other wetland environmental constituents such as pH. These findings are expected to be applicable to any wetland where surrounding humic-rich sclerophyllous vegetation is replaced by a non-sclerophyllous agent. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Alien vegetation; Environmental conditions; Habitat transformation; Temporary wetlands	biological invasion; biotope; environmental conditions; fynbos; habitat loss; habitat quality; humic substance; invasive species; pH; physicochemical property; regression analysis; vegetation cover; vegetation dynamics; wetland; Cape Town; South Africa; Western Cape	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886729692	The impact of non-native rainbow trout within Afro-montane streams in eastern Zimbabwe	Kadye W.T., Chakona A., Marufu L.T., Samukange T.	2013	Hydrobiologia	720	1	10.1007/s10750-013-1624-4	Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP 167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Kadye, W.T., Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Chakona, A., South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Marufu, L.T., Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP 167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Samukange, T., Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP 167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Non-native trout species have been associated with many negative effects in receiving ecosystems. The first aim of this study was to determine the impact of non-native rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss on distribution and abundance of native mountain catfish Amphilius uranoscopus within Afro-montane streams in Nyanga Mountains, eastern Zimbabwe. The second aim was to compare macro-invertebrate community responses to the presence of the trout and the catfish. We examined trout impact on catfish's habitat associations, whereas macro-invertebrate composition was compared using open fish and fish exclosure experiments in habitats with and without trout. Trout influenced both the distribution and abundance of the catfish that occupied shallow reaches possibly to avoid predation from trout that occurred in the deeper habitats. Within trout invaded reaches, most macro-invertebrate taxa were more abundant in exclosure than open treatments. By contrast, within trout-free reaches, most macro-invertebrates either did not differ between treatments or were generally more abundant in open than exclosure treatments. This suggests that the macro-invertebrate communities responded differently within invaded and non-invaded reaches. By influencing distribution and abundance of native biota, non-native rainbow trout may have wider ecological effects, such as influencing trophic interrelationships within invaded habitats. © 2013 The Author(s).	Amphilius uranoscopus; Invasions; Macro-invertebrates; Physical habitat; Rainbow trout	abundance; biota; fish; habitat; macroinvertebrate; mountain; predation; stream; Zimbabwe; Amphilius uranoscopus; Invertebrata; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Salmonidae	BES, British Ecological Society
Scopus	2-s2.0-59849117172	Fe mineralogy of rocks from the Vredefort impact structure investigated with Mössbauer spectroscopy	Bharuth-Ram K., Hart R.J., Gunnlaugsson H.P.	2008	Hyperfine Interactions	186	42372	10.1007/s10751-008-9854-y	IThemba Labs, Somerset West 7129, South Africa; School of Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa; Institute of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark	Bharuth-Ram, K., IThemba Labs, Somerset West 7129, South Africa, School of Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa; Hart, R.J., IThemba Labs, Somerset West 7129, South Africa; Gunnlaugsson, H.P., Institute of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark	The Vredefort impact structure in South Africa is the largest and oldest remnant impact structure on Earth. Observations from above the crater reveal lower than average magnetic field intensities, but the rocks in the crater have been shown to possess much higher magnetic intensities than the regional average that varies on a centimeter scale. Various mechanisms, including the presence of single domain magnetite structures, have been proposed for this anomaly. Mössbauer spectroscopy has been applied to study the Fe-mineralogy of samples from near the centre of the Vredefort crater. Transmission Mössbauer measurements on bulk and microtomics sections of samples showed that the magnetic minerals were magnetite and hematite, and we suggest that oxidation of olivine during the impact is responsible for the magnetic properties of the rocks. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Fe mineralogy; Impact structure; Magnetic field intensities; Mössbauer spectroscopy; Vredefort impact structure	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-60849099359	Language and student performance in junior secondary science examinations: The case of second language learners in Botswana	Prophet R.B., Badede N.B.	2009	International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education	7	2	10.1007/s10763-006-9058-3	Mathematics and Science Education, University of Botswana, P/Bag 0022, Gaborone 0000, Botswana	Prophet, R.B., Mathematics and Science Education, University of Botswana, P/Bag 0022, Gaborone 0000, Botswana; Badede, N.B., Mathematics and Science Education, University of Botswana, P/Bag 0022, Gaborone 0000, Botswana	Teaching and testing in science in junior secondary schools in Botswana, takes place in English which is a second language for the majority of Batswana (Citizens of Botswana are called Batswana [sing. Motswana] and the national language is Setswana.) students and a third language for many. The understanding of textual material in science has been shown to be problematic for first language speakers, which means that difficulties in comprehension are likely to be even greater for second language readers. This study set out to test the hypothesis that improving the readability of junior certificate science examination questions would improve student achievement. Results show that changing certain readability factors, such as sentence length, simplified vocabulary and the removal of obscure information, brought about an improvement in achievement. The conclusion considers the implications of the study for the writers of examinations and other texts in science. © 2007 National Science Council, Taiwan.	Assessment; Botswana; Language policy; Medium of instruction; Science education	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-42249093313	Intersexual conflict and group size in Alouatta palliata: A 23-year evaluation	Ryan S.J., Starks P.T., Milton K., Getz W.M.	2008	International Journal of Primatology	29	2	10.1007/s10764-007-9172-2	Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Department of Anthropology, McGill School of Environment, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T7, Canada; Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States; Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa	Ryan, S.J., Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States, Department of Anthropology, McGill School of Environment, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T7, Canada; Starks, P.T., Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States; Milton, K., Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; Getz, W.M., Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa	Models of optimal primate group size suggest that group formation and growth arise to benefit individual fitness, but that size is limited by costs. The ecological constraints hypothesis posits that group formation and growth is driven by protection from predation or the advantages of group foraging, while an upper limit on group size is constrained by travel costs and intragroup competition for food or other critical resources. Socioecological models also predict that individual reproductive success, hypothesized to decrease with increasing group size, also places an upper limit on the number of individuals in a group. Our analysis of 23 yr of group composition data on mantled howlers (Alouatta palliata) from a single Panamanian study site on Barro Colorado Island not only corroborates the socioecological model but also shows that female reproductive success increased, whereas that of males decreased, with the less female-biased sex ratios in larger groups. We suggest that the conflict of interest between the sexes over adult sex ratio, particularly the male proportion in a group, in combination with ecological factors, is an important determinant of group size and composition. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Alouatta palliata; Barro Colorado Island; Group size; Reproductive success; Sex ratio	fitness; group size; intersexual interaction; primate; reproductive success; sex ratio; sexual conflict; Barro Colorado Island; Central America; Gatun Lake; Panama [Central America]; Alouatta; Alouatta palliata; Primates	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33746995856	Evaluation of the sand-trap structures of the Wonji-Shoa sugar estate irrigation scheme, Ethiopia	Paulos T., Yilma S., Ketema T.	2006	Irrigation and Drainage Systems	20	42403	10.1007/s10795-005-9002-7	Melkassa Agricultural Research Center, Nazareth, Ethiopia; Civil Engineering Department, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Alemaya University, P.O.Box 45, Alemaya, Ethiopia	Paulos, T., Melkassa Agricultural Research Center, Nazareth, Ethiopia; Yilma, S., Civil Engineering Department, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ketema, T., Alemaya University, P.O.Box 45, Alemaya, Ethiopia	A study was undertaken to evaluate the performance of sand-traps at Wonji-Shoa Sugar Estate, Ethiopia. Inflow and outflow samples from the sand-traps and deposited sediment samples from the sand-traps, main canal, and reservoirs were taken. The samples were analyzed for sediment concentration and particle size distribution. During the study period, the sand-traps were performing satisfactorily in removing a good portion of suspended sediment (as high as 63% in case of sand-trap A and 54% in case of sand-trap B) in the week after flushing and they were performing poor (as low as -40% in case of sand-trap A and 6% in case of sand-trap B) when the sand-trap was running without flushing for about two months. Sediment particle size analyses of the samples indicated that the sand-traps retained almost all the sand fractions (90-95%) greater than 0.15 mm. Fifty to sixty percent of the sediment particles passing the sand-traps into the main canal was smaller than 0.002 mm. Sieve analyses of the bed materials taken from the sand-traps showed that particles up to medium gravel size (6.3-13.2mm) were entering the sand-traps and almost all were trapped. This result shows that performance of the sand-traps under the existing sediment load of Awash River was found to be satisfactory. However, it was observed that performance level of the sand-traps was very much dependent on the flushing interval of deposited sediment. © Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. 2005.	Irrigation; Sand-trap; Sediment flushing; Trap efficiency	Evaluation; Particle size analysis; Performance; Sand; Sediment traps; Sand-trap; Sediment flushing; Trap efficiency; Irrigation; Evaluation; Irrigation; Particle size analysis; Performance; Sand; Sediment traps; flushing; inflow; irrigation; outflow; particle size; performance assessment; sediment analysis; suspended sediment; Africa; East Africa; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33747431938	On-farm performance evaluation of improved traditional small-scale irrigation practices: A case study from Dire Dawa area, Ethiopia	Bekele Z., Tilahun K.	2006	Irrigation and Drainage Systems	20	1	10.1007/s10795-006-5754-y	P.O. Box 843, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Alemaya University, P.O. Box 45, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia	Bekele, Z., P.O. Box 843, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Tilahun, K., Alemaya University, P.O. Box 45, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia	Field evaluation of surface irrigation systems play a fundamental role to determine the efficiency of the system as it is being used and to identify management practices and system configurations that can be implemented to improve the irrigation efficiency. This study evaluated the performance of an 'improved' traditional small-scale irrigation practice at Adada, a representative small-scale irrigation practice in Dire Dawa Administrative Council, Eastern Ethiopia. In order to determine numerical values of performance measures, certain parameters were measured/observed before, during and after an irrigation event while farmers are performing their normal irrigation practice. These parameters include: irrigated crop, irrigation method, stream size, cutoff time, soil moisture deficiency, and field size, shape and spacing. The results showed that the irrigation water applied to a farmer's plot during an irrigation event/turn was generally higher than the required depth to be applied per event. Since the irrigation method used was end-dyked, the major cause of water loss was due to deep percolation. The deep percolation loss was 32% in sorghum, 57% in maize, and 70% in tomato and potato fields. The type of irrigation system used, the ridged irrigation practice and the poor irrigation scheduling in the study sites were the main problems identified in the management and operations of the schemes. The following corrective measures are recommended to improve the system: (1) farmers should regulate the depth of irrigation water they apply according to the type of crop and its growth stage, change the field irrigation system and/or configuration especially for shallow rooted row crops, to furrow system, (2) guidance and support to farmers in developing and introduction of appropriate irrigation scheduling, and (3) future development interventions towards improvement of traditional irrigation practices should also focus in improving the on farm irrigation systems in addition to improving physical infrastructure of the scheme. © Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. 2006.	Ethiopia; Irrigation scheduling; Performance evaluation; Traditional irrigation	Agriculture; Efficiency; Evaluation; Numerical analysis; Performance; Scheduling; Irrigation scheduling; Surface irrigation systems; Traditional irrigation; Irrigation; Agriculture; Efficiency; Evaluation; Irrigation; Numerical analysis; Performance; Scheduling; irrigation system; percolation; performance assessment; traditional agriculture; Africa; Dire Dawa; East Africa; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa; Lycopersicon esculentum; Solanum tuberosum; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-48449092229	The impact of small-scale irrigation on household food security: The case of Filtino and Godino irrigation schemes in Ethiopia	Tesfaye A., Bogale A., Namara R.E., Bacha D.	2008	Irrigation and Drainage Systems	22	2	10.1007/s10795-008-9047-5	Ministry of Water Resources Development, P.O. Box 5744 or 5673, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; School of Graduate Studies, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; International Water Management Institute, Africa Regional Program, CT 112, Cantonments, Accra, Ghana; Agricultural Economist, Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 265, Oromia, Ethiopia	Tesfaye, A., Ministry of Water Resources Development, P.O. Box 5744 or 5673, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Bogale, A., School of Graduate Studies, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Namara, R.E., International Water Management Institute, Africa Regional Program, CT 112, Cantonments, Accra, Ghana; Bacha, D., Agricultural Economist, Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 265, Oromia, Ethiopia	Ethiopia's irrigation potential is estimated at 3.7 million hectare, of which only about 190,000 ha (4.3% of the potential) is actually irrigated. There is little information on the extent to which the so far developed irrigation schemes have been effective in meeting their stated objectives of attaining food self-sufficiency and eradicating poverty. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to identify the impact of small-scale irrigation on household food security based on data obtained from 200 farmers in Ada Liben district of Ethiopia in 2006. The resulting data was analyzed using Heckman's Two-step Estimation procedure. Studies elsewhere revealed that access to reliable irrigation water can enable farmers to adopt new technologies and intensify cultivation, leading to increased productivity, overall higher production, and greater returns from farming. Our study findings confirm some of these claims. In the study area about 70% of the irrigation users are food secure while only 20% of the non-users are found to be food secure. Access to small scale irrigation enabled the sample households to grow crops more than once a year; to insure increased and stable production, income and consumption; and improve their food security status. The study concludes that small-scale irrigation significantly contributed to household food security. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.	Food security; Heckit model; Small-scale irrigation	Canning; Estimation; Food preservation; Food processing; Irrigation; Maximum likelihood estimation; Technology transfer; Waste management; Water; Business media; Ethiopia; Food security; Household food; Increased productivity; Irrigation schemes; Irrigation watering; New technologies; Small scale; Stable production; Security of data; crop production; cultivation; estimation method; food security; irrigation system; poverty alleviation; self sufficiency; technology adoption; Africa; East Africa; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855967898	Tank performance and multiple uses in Tamil Nadu, South India-comparison of 2 time periods (1996-97 and 2009-10)	Palanisami K., Meinzen-Dick R., Giordano M., Van Koppen B., Ranganathan C.R.	2011	Irrigation and Drainage Systems	25	3	10.1007/s10795-011-9114-1	IWMI, Hyderabad, AP, India; IFPRI, Washington, D.C., United States; IWMI, Colombo, Sri Lanka; IWMI, Pretoria, South Africa; Tamil Nadu Agrl. University, Coimbatore, India	Palanisami, K., IWMI, Hyderabad, AP, India; Meinzen-Dick, R., IFPRI, Washington, D.C., United States; Giordano, M., IWMI, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Van Koppen, B., IWMI, Pretoria, South Africa; Ranganathan, C.R., Tamil Nadu Agrl. University, Coimbatore, India	Irrigation tanks in India are common property resources. Tanks provide not only for irrigation, but also forestry, fishing, domestic water supply, livestock, and other uses. Using empirical results from a study of tank performance from 80 tanks in Tamil Nadu, South India in two time period: 1996-97 and 2009-10, this paper evaluates tank irrigation system performance in terms of economic output and revenue generation forirrigation and other uses. The results indicate that irrigation and other productive uses put together raised the total value of output at tank level by 12 % in 1996-97 and just 6 % in 2009-10. This may suggest that tank multiple use values are small and getting smaller, and therefore not worth consideration. However, it was also found that, while declining in absolute terms, non-irrigation uses provided the majority of tax revenues and still more than cover government's operation and maintenance expenditure (O&M) budget. This finding provides another reason to consider multiple use values and their linkage with overall system viability. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Irrigation performance; Multiple uses; Revenue generation; Social forestry; Tank management; Tank storage; Tax; Water conflicts	Irrigation performance; Multiple use; Revenue generation; Tank storage; Tax; Water conflicts; Commerce; Forestry; Land use; Tanks (containers); Timber; Water management; Water supply; Irrigation; economic analysis; expenditure; governance approach; irrigation; irrigation system; maintenance; performance assessment; storage tank; water management; water supply; Commerce; Forestry; Forests; Irrigation; Land Use; Tanks; Water Management; Water Supply; India; Tamil Nadu	None
None	None	Performance analysis of public funded irrigation projects in Tanzania	Matekere E.C., Lema N.M.	2011	Irrigation and Drainage Systems	25	4	10.1007/s10795-011-9119-9	Department of Irrigation and Technical Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Structural and Construction Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Matekere, E.C., Department of Irrigation and Technical Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Lema, N.M., Department of Structural and Construction Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Application of indicator-based management tools to evaluate performance and taking measures to mitigate the negative effects on project performance contributes to improvement. This research paper presents the findings of the analysis of performance of public funded smallholder irrigation projects in Tanzania with the aim to inform improvement actions. Through opinion survey of a sample of policy or decision makers and implementers of projects, and a case study of 16 smallholder irrigation projects, conceptual and physical data were collected and analyzed. The findings show that performance assessment in irrigation sub-sector in Tanzania is ad hoc, fragmented and done mainly during the construction phase, in donor funded projects. Seventy percent of 20 highly ranking performance indicators considered suitable in Tanzania also have high potential to improve project performance in the Tanzanian irrigation industry. These indicators constitute the key performance determinants. Forty percent of performance indicators currently used in Tanzania, which include the traditional time and cost indicators, are considered not significant in improving performance. Time and cost overrun of 16 investigated projects was in the tune of 50% and 8% respectively. The factors affecting project performance are diverse but interrelated, with possible common root causes, and effects cutting across various project processes. The mitigation measures are also interrelated and cut across project processes, and therefore, require integrative approaches. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Irrigation projects; Performance; Performance assessment; Performance indicators; Tanzania	Irrigation projects; Performance; Performance assessment; Performance indicators; Tanzania; Benchmarking; Irrigation; Water supply; irrigation system; performance assessment; project management; smallholder; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870370090	Can shelterbelts improve sprinkler irrigation performance under windy semi arid conditions?	Toromo A.K., Kipkorir E.C., Shitote S.M., Kibiiy J.K.	2011	Irrigation and Drainage Systems	25	4	10.1007/s10795-012-9128-3	Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Chepkoilel University College, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya; Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Moi University, P.O. Box 3900, Eldoret, Kenya	Toromo, A.K., Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Chepkoilel University College, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya; Kipkorir, E.C., Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Chepkoilel University College, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya; Shitote, S.M., Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Moi University, P.O. Box 3900, Eldoret, Kenya; Kibiiy, J.K., Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Moi University, P.O. Box 3900, Eldoret, Kenya	Field experiments were performed to study the effect that wind shelterbelts has on irrigation uniformity of hand move sprinkler irrigation system located in northwest Kenya. Catch can tests were performed to evaluate the distribution of applied water using coefficient of uniformity and distribution uniformity for plots with shelterbelt and without shelterbelt scenarios. Three medium pressure twin nozzle sprinkler head types were tested to determine their water distribution uniformity at varying wind speed and working pressure and obtained results were statistically analysed. The analysis was used to ascertain the performance of the medium pressure sprinklers under varying wind conditions for the two scenarios. Results indicate that uniformity is improved by wind for wind speeds below 1. 4 m/s. Analysis of data from sheltered and unsheltered plots showed a significant difference of uniformity parameters on sheltering with coefficient of uniformity for sheltered plots averaging 84 % compared to 74 % for unsheltered plots. Results indicate that the coefficient of uniformity values were higher than the distribution uniformity values although both had a strong linear relationship with a coefficient of determination above 0. 96 in both scenarios. It is concluded that shelterbelts improve sprinkler irrigation performance under windy conditions. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Distribution; Drop size; Irrigation; Uniformity; Wind drift losses	A-coefficient; Analysis of data; Coefficient of uniformity; Distribution; Distribution uniformity; Drift loss; Drop size; Field experiment; Irrigation uniformity; Linear relationships; Medium pressure; Semi-arid conditions; Sprinkler irrigation; Uniformity; Water distributions; Wind conditions; Wind speed; Windy conditions; Working pressures; Hose; Irrigation; Water supply systems; Wind effects; Sprinkler systems (irrigation); irrigation system; performance assessment; semiarid region; shelterbelt; size distribution; wind velocity; Kenya	None
WoS	WOS:000319065200018	An evaluation of Technology teacher training in South Africa: shortcomings and recommendations	Mentz, Elsa,Pool, Jessica,Reitsma, Gerda	2013	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY AND DESIGN EDUCATION	23	2	10.1007/s10798-011-9198-9	North West University - South Africa	"Mentz, Elsa: North West University - South Africa","Pool, Jessica: North West University - South Africa","Reitsma, Gerda: North West University - South Africa"	Compared to other subjects Technology Education (TE) is regarded as a new subject both nationally and internationally. In the absence of an established subject philosophy Technology educators had little alternative than to base their professional teaching and learning practices on approaches from other fields of knowledge and to adapt these. TE is one of the compulsory subjects for learners in South Africa from grade 4-9 since 1998. One of the challenges was the fact that no previous teacher training programmes existed for Technology thus new ones had to be developed. This research described what the necessary knowledge, skills and values are that a qualified Technology teacher should possess and determined if teacher training institutions in South Africa provide opportunities to develop this qualities. Qualitative research was used to provide insight into the nature of pre-service Technology training programmes in South Africa, in order to identify shortcomings in the pre-service training of Technology teachers. The population consisted of senior faculty who have experience in the developing of pre-service training programmes and the training of Technology teachers. Findings of the study suggest a greater focus on the training of Technology teachers as subject specialists by establishing standards that is appropriate for tertiary training in order to enhance the development of subject knowledge; subject specific pedagogical content knowledge by implementing micro lessons; revision of time, planning and facilities for the practising of subject skills; and sufficient opportunities to practise, analyse and reflect on teaching processes to develop appropriate teaching strategies.	"effective teaching","pre-service teacher training","programme development","TEACHER DEVELOPMENT","technology education",EDUCATION,FRAMEWORK,"PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE"	None	None
None	None	Impact of environmental changes on farmed seaweed and farmers: the case of Songo Songo Island, Tanzania	Msuya F.E., Porter M.	2014	Journal of Applied Phycology	26	5	10.1007/s10811-014-0243-4	Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 668, Zanzibar, Tanzania; Department of Sociology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John’s, NL, Canada	Msuya, F.E., Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 668, Zanzibar, Tanzania; Porter, M., Department of Sociology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John’s, NL, Canada	Tanzania, like many other countries where eucheumatoid seaweeds are farmed, is experiencing die-off of Kappaphycus alvarezii. Farming is failing in many cultivation sites in shallow intertidal areas where it used to grow well. Production has fallen dramatically, and in some areas, hardly any seaweed is produced any longer. This study was carried out in Songo Songo Island, southern Tanzania, one of the most affected areas, during February–May 2009. Water temperature averaged 35.7 ± 2.4°C, higher than what had been observed in seaweed farms in other areas in Tanzania. Salinity was normal seawater at 34.7 ± 0.5ppt. In the abandoned farming sites, signs of ice-ice, epiphytic Neosiphonia and “dark spots” were observed on the seaweed. Fouling was also observed. Seaweed production decreased from 423.9 t worth US$82,000 in 2003 to 26 t in 2008 worth only US$4,500, and 28 t in 2012 worth US$4,300. Number of farmers was highest (809) during the production peak in 2003 then decreased to 320 in 2008. The number of fishing vessels decreased with an increase in number of farmers and seaweed production and increased when the number of farmers and seaweed production fell. Thus, high-surface water temperatures coupled with fouling, epiphytism, and ice-ice disease signs have caused dramatic decrease in seaweed production in Songo Songo. The onetime lucrative seaweed farming activity in Songo Songo Island of Tanzania has been reduced to almost standstill. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Kappaphycus alvarezii; Seaweed farmers; Seaweed farming; Seaweed production; Songo Songo; Surface water temperature	Kappaphycus alvarezii	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-71449088918	The impact of a community-based pilot health education intervention for older people as caregivers of orphaned and sick children as a result of HIV and AIDS in South Africa	Boon H., Ruiter R.A.C., James S., Van Den Borne B., Williams E., Reddy P.	2009	Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology	24	4	10.1007/s10823-009-9101-2	Health Promotion Research and Development Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Horizons, Population Council, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, Netherlands	Boon, H., Health Promotion Research and Development Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands, Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, Netherlands; Ruiter, R.A.C., Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; James, S., Health Promotion Research and Development Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Van Den Borne, B., Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Williams, E., Horizons, Population Council, Johannesburg, South Africa; Reddy, P., Health Promotion Research and Development Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa	The increasing HIV and AIDS epidemic in South Africa poses a substantial burden to older people, in particular older women who mainly provide care for sick adult children and their grandchildren who have become orphaned and rendered vulnerable by the death or illness of their parents. In this study, 202 isiXhosa speaking older caregivers from Motherwell in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa were trained to provide care for grandchildren and adult children living with HIV or AIDS. Based on a community needs assessment, a health education intervention comprising four modules was designed to improve skills and knowledge which would be used to assist older people in their care-giving tasks. Some topics were HIV and AIDS knowledge, effective intergenerational communication, providing home-based basic nursing care, accessing social services and grants, and relaxation techniques. Structured one-on-one interviews measured differences between pre-intervention and post-intervention scores among those who attended all four modules vs. those that missed one or more of the sessions. The results demonstrated that older people who participated in all four workshops perceived themselves more able and in control to provide nursing care. The participants also showed a more positive attitude towards people living with HIV or AIDS and reported an increased level of HIV and AIDS knowledge. The results provided valuable information upon which the development of future interventions may be based and psychosocial and structural needs of the older caregivers may be addressed by relevant stakeholders. © The Author(s) 2009.	AIDS; Care-giving; HIV; Older people; South Africa	aged; article; attitude to health; caregiver; community care; education; female; health education; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; interview; male; middle aged; mortality; nursing; orphaned child; pilot study; psychological aspect; South Africa; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Caregivers; Child, Orphaned; Community Networks; Female; Health Education; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; HIV Infections; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Male; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887577609	Inequality in Health Status Among Older Adults in Africa: The Surprising Impact of Anti-Retroviral Treatment	Negin J., Nyirenda M., Seeley J., Mutevedzi P.	2013	Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology	28	4	10.1007/s10823-013-9215-4	Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Edward Ford Building (A27), Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Mtubatuba, South Africa; School of Social Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom	Negin, J., Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Edward Ford Building (A27), Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; Nyirenda, M., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Mtubatuba, South Africa, School of Social Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Seeley, J., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda, School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Mutevedzi, P., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Mtubatuba, South Africa	[No abstract available]	None	antiretrovirus agent; adult; Africa; article; health care disparity; health service; health status; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; socioeconomics; statistics; treatment outcome; Adult; Africa; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Health Services Needs and Demand; Health Status; Healthcare Disparities; HIV Infections; Humans; Socioeconomic Factors; Treatment Outcome	NIA, National Institute on Aging; NIH, National Institutes of Health; MRC, Medical Research Council
Scopus	2-s2.0-50849139863	Elephant impact on dragonflies	Samways M.J., Grant P.B.C.	2008	Journal of Insect Conservation	12	5	10.1007/s10841-007-9089-2	Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Centre for Agricultural Biodiversity, University of Stellenbosch, Post Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Samways, M.J., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Centre for Agricultural Biodiversity, University of Stellenbosch, Post Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Grant, P.B.C., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Centre for Agricultural Biodiversity, University of Stellenbosch, Post Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	African elephants and other indigenous megaherbivores have a major impact on local vegetation structure, including aquatic communities, as their big feet and large mass pound the fringes of water bodies. This disturbance is likely to have a profound influence on the structure and composition of insect assemblages in these habitats. We investigated which dragonfly (Odonata) species were tolerant of trampling by elephants and other game. Assemblage composition differed according to extremely high, very high or high disturbance levels. Dragonfly abundance was greatest where impact was high, and decreasing when disturbance became very high or extremely high. Several odonate species are well-adapted to fairly high levels of disturbance, although too much is impoverishing. Medium and low impact sites were geographically separated, and this, combined with much lower disturbance levels, had a considerable influence on promoting regional dragonfly diversity. Several regional specialist species only occurred in the geographically separated, low-impact sites. The full complement of dragonflies is present only when there is a combination of various disturbance levels combined with spatial variation. Elephant impact is similar to that of humans, with too much of either or both, leading to a species-poor, habitat-generalist dragonfly assemblage. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007.	Dragonfly biodiversity; Elephant trampling; Parallels with human impact	abundance; anthropogenic effect; biodiversity; community composition; community structure; dragonfly; spatial variation; species diversity; vegetation structure; Africa; Anisoptera (dragonflies); Elephantidae; Hexapoda; Loxodonta; Odonata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67349163613	Impact of a dam on benthic macroinvertebrates in a small river in a biodiversity hotspot: Cape Floristic Region, South Africa	Bredenhand E., Samways M.J.	2009	Journal of Insect Conservation	13	3	10.1007/s10841-008-9173-2	Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Centre for Invasion Biology, University of Stellenbosch, P/Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Bredenhand, E., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Centre for Invasion Biology, University of Stellenbosch, P/Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Samways, M.J., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Centre for Invasion Biology, University of Stellenbosch, P/Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Suitable reservoirs and monitoring methods are needed to manage scarce water supplies in dry countries. We assessed here the impact on aquatic macroinvertebrates of the only dam on the Eerste River, which runs through the heart of a biodiversity hotspot, the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa. The dam and associated activities, were the only forms of disturbance in this otherwise pristine area. We sampled over 20,000 macroinvertebrate individuals and illustrated some categorical effects of the impoundment and its effects on macroinvertebrate assemblages. Macroinvertebrate species diversity below the dam was only half of that in the pristine catchment area above the dam. Furthermore, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera diversity and abundance dropped to almost zero as a result of the impoundment. In contrast, the abundance of the Diptera family Chironomidae increased substantially below the dam. These changes in macroinvertebrate diversity mirrored those recorded in biologically less diverse areas, but are of major concern in this biodiversity hotspot with its rich endemic fauna. We conclude that such an impoundment, while important for human welfare, results in a high price being paid in terms of loss of local biodiversity. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.	Cape Floristic Region; Dam; Diversity; Freshwateri nvertebrates; Impact	benthos; biodiversity; Cape Floristic Region; dam; ecological impact; freshwater ecosystem; impoundment; macroinvertebrate; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Chironomidae; Diptera; Ephemeroptera; Plecoptera; Trichoptera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858153937	Importance of using many taxa and having adequate controls for monitoring impacts of fire for arthropod conservation	Pryke J.S., Samways M.J.	2012	Journal of Insect Conservation	16	2	10.1007/s10841-011-9404-9	Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Pryke, J.S., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Samways, M.J., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Fire is a key natural and anthropogenic disturbance factor across many ecosystems, and also an important conservation management tool. However, little is known about arthropod responses to fire, particularly in Mediterranean-type ecosystems, including the biodiverse Cape Floristic Region (CFR). We investigate here the relative variety of responses by different arthropod taxa to fire, and ask whether single-taxon or multi-taxa approaches better suit post-fire biomonitoring for conservation management. Sampling involved multiple techniques and was conducted before fire, 1 year after fire, and 3 years after fire, with unburned areas as controls. Before-and-after statistics were used to identify changes in arthropod populations and assemblages as a result of fire, and between treatment and control sites. However, this was against a background of the annual effects having a major influence on the arthropods, irrespective of fire. Abundance was so variable, even in control plots, that we found it an unreliable indicator of the impact of fire. Overall, arthropods were remarkably resilient to fire, with most taxa recovering in species richness and assemblage composition within 3 years of the fire. Although all taxa showed resilience to fire, there was nevertheless little congruence in temporal recovery of the various taxa. Our results highlight the shortcomings of monitoring fire impacts using only a single-taxon without prior testing for complementarity or sensitivity to fire, while emphasizing the importance of sampling a wide range of taxa to represent overall responses of compositional biodiversity. From this, we recommend, at least for the CFR, that a cross-section of taxa, such as butterflies, ants, and scarab beetles, be used for monitoring arthropods in recovery/fire management conservation programmes. We also recommend that such monitoring be considered against the background of large annual variation seen in unburned areas. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Arthropods; Cape Floristic Region; Conservation; Fire; Insects; Invertebrates; Responses	abundance estimation; anthropogenic effect; biodiversity; biomonitoring; conservation management; ecosystem resilience; environmental impact assessment; environmental monitoring; fire behavior; floristics; human activity; insect; species richness; wildlife management; Arthropoda; Coleoptera; Formicidae; Hexapoda; Invertebrata; Papilionoidea; Scarabaeidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866461993	Impact of a long-term mating-disruption management in crops on non-target insects in the surrounding area	Martinez J.-J.I., Mgocheki N.	2012	Journal of Insect Conservation	16	5	10.1007/s10841-012-9460-9	Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Tel-Hai College, 12210 Upper Galilee, Israel; Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Martinez, J.-J.I., Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Tel-Hai College, 12210 Upper Galilee, Israel; Mgocheki, N., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Protecting insects in agro-ecosystems may result in substantial benefits assuming that numerous species produce ecological services. The impact of pesticides on non-target insects is a function of the number of treatments, chemical product, amount of active ingredients and the method of application in the fields, together with their persistence in the environment. To reduce the use of these products, several methods of integrated pest management were developed in agriculture. Among them mating-disruption (MD) is widely employed, for example against the codling moth Cydia pomonella L., a key pest in apple orchards. MD should minimize the negative impacts of chemical pest management on non-target insects in the vegetation surrounding the orchards. We investigated this hypothesis in a long-term MD program on insect populations in the edges of managed plots, using five gall-inducing aphid species in 135 Pistacia palaestina trees. The highest aphid species richness was found in trees growing away from orchards followed by trees in orchards close to Kiwi patches which were never sprayed with insecticides. Intermediate aphid species richness was revealed in parcels where MD against codling moth has been carried out during the last 18 years. In these plots, reduced number of chemical treatments was used against secondary pests each year. Trees in orchards with intensive chemical treatment with insecticide had almost no galls. In conclusion, the populations of the five non-target species in the adjacent natural environment did not suffer significantly from the few chemical treatments. The long term MD program of C. pomonella has a minimum disruption on non-target species in the orchards and their immediate surroundings. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Biodiversity; Conservation; Edge; Insecticide; IPM; Nature protection; Pheromone	agricultural ecosystem; aphid; biodiversity; insecticide; mating disruption; moth; nontarget organism; orchard; pheromone; species conservation; species richness; Aphididae; Cydia pomonella; Hexapoda; Lepidoptera; Malus x domestica; Pistacia; Pistacia palaestina	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884530599	Immediate impact of piscicide operations on a Cape Floristic Region aquatic insect assemblage: A lesser of two evils?	Woodford D.J., Barber-James H.M., Bellingan T.A., Day J.A., de Moor F.C., Gouws J., Weyl O.L.F.	2013	Journal of Insect Conservation	17	5	10.1007/s10841-013-9578-4	South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Centre for Invasion Biology, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, South Africa; Albany Museum, Grahamstown, South Africa; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Scientific Services, CapeNature, Jonkershoek, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Woodford, D.J., South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa, Centre for Invasion Biology, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, South Africa; Barber-James, H.M., Albany Museum, Grahamstown, South Africa, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Bellingan, T.A., Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Day, J.A., Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; de Moor, F.C., Albany Museum, Grahamstown, South Africa, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Gouws, J., Scientific Services, CapeNature, Jonkershoek, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Weyl, O.L.F., South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa, Centre for Invasion Biology, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, South Africa	The piscicide rotenone is used as a conservation tool to remove alien fishes from rivers, though there is controversy over its effects on aquatic insects. An alien fish removal operation in the Rondegat River, Cape Floristic Region, South Africa, allowed the immediate impact of rotenone on an aquatic insect community in a region with high conservation values to be quantified. The insect community within the treated river was sampled in February 2011 (1 year before rotenone operations), February 2012 (1 week before) and March 2012 (1 week after). Insects were collected using kick sampling across multiple biotopes, together with samples from individual stones. We considered rotenone-precipitated losses to be those taxa captured a week before treatment but absent after, and assessed the endemism of lost species to determine the conservation impact of the rotenone. Species richness decreased significantly following treatment, even though many rare taxa were not recorded immediately prior to treatment. Of the 85 taxa identified, 18 were lost including five endemic to the mountain range which the river drains. Ephemeroptera were most severely affected, with a significant loss of density on stones post-rotenone and six out of 20 species missing. Since half the missing taxa were recorded upstream of the treatment area, recovery of diversity is likely to be relatively rapid. Given that alien invasive fish negatively affect both fish and aquatic insect communities in South Africa, the long-term positive conservation impact of removing these fish is likely to outweigh the short-term negative effects of the piscicide. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Collateral impacts; Conservation intervention; Endemism; Rotenone; Species diversity	aquatic community; Cape Floristic Region; conservation management; endemism; insect; species diversity; species richness; Rondegat River; South Africa; Western Cape; Arthropoda; Ephemeroptera; Hexapoda; Pisces	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951773345	The impact of transport costs on new venture internationalisation	Naudé W., Matthee M.	2011	Journal of International Entrepreneurship	9	1	10.1007/s10843-010-0066-6	World Institute for Development Economics Research, United Nations University, Katajanokanlaituri 6b, Helsinki 00160, Finland; School of Economics, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa	Naudé, W., World Institute for Development Economics Research, United Nations University, Katajanokanlaituri 6b, Helsinki 00160, Finland; Matthee, M., School of Economics, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa	This paper investigates the importance of transport costs in new venture internationalisation, i. e. of firms that start exporting before they are 3 years of age. It does so by merging two large international datasets, on the firm level (covering 49,584 firms) as well as on the country level (covering 154 countries). It is found that transport costs matter significantly for new venture internationalisation, for older firms' decision to export, as well as the extent of the latter's subsequent exports. Export costs, the quality of transport infrastructure and domestic logistics costs affect new venture internationalisation even when controlling for a range of standard determinants. New international ventures behave differently from older firms in two important ways: (1) Transport costs affect the probability that they will export but not the extent of their subsequent exports and (2) their probability of exporting is affected negatively by their networking, domestic success and ISO status, whilst in the case of older firms, these factors have a positive impact. Various recommendations for policy and further research are made. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Exports; International entrepreneurship; Internationalisation; Trade logistics; Transport costs	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901400302	Comparing orthogonal force and unidirectional strain component processing for tool condition monitoring	Freyer B.H., Heyns P.S., Theron N.J.	2014	Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing	25	3	10.1007/s10845-012-0698-6	Dynamic Systems Group, Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa	Freyer, B.H., Dynamic Systems Group, Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa; Heyns, P.S., Dynamic Systems Group, Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa; Theron, N.J., Dynamic Systems Group, Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa	Signal processing using orthogonal cutting force components for tool condition monitoring has established itself in literature. In the application of single axis strain sensors however a linear combination of cutting force components has to be processed in order to monitor tool wear. This situation may arise when a single axis piezoelectric actuator is simultaneously used as an actuator and a sensor, e.g. its vibration control feedback signal exploited for monitoring purposes. The current paper therefore compares processing of a linear combination of cutting force components to the reference case of processing orthogonal components. Reconstruction of the dynamic force acting at the tool tip from signals obtained during measurements using a strain gauge instrumented tool holder in a turning process is described. An application of this dynamic force signal was simulated on a filter-model of that tool holder that would carry a self-sensing actuator. For comparison of the orthogonal and unidirectional force component tool wear monitoring strategies the same time-delay neural network structure has been applied. Wear-sensitive features are determined by wavelet packet analysis to provide information for tool wear estimation. The probability of a difference less than 5 percentage points between the flank wear estimation errors of above mentioned two processing strategies is at least 95 %. This suggests the viability of simultaneous monitoring and control by using a self-sensing actuator. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Neural network; Self-sensing actuator; Structure dynamic modelling; Tool wear-monitoring; Wavelet packet analysis	Computer simulation; Cutting; Neural networks; Piezoelectric actuators; Sensors; Signal processing; Orthogonal components; Self-sensing actuators; Simultaneous monitoring; Structure dynamics; Time delay neural networks; Tool condition monitoring; Tool wear estimations; Wavelet Packet Analysis; Wear of materials	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951515024	Mathematical Analysis of an HIV/AIDS Model: Impact of Educational Programs and Abstinence in Sub-Saharan Africa	Bhunu C.P., Mushayabasa S., Kojouharov H., Tchuenche J.M.	2011	Journal of Mathematical Modelling and Algorithms	10	1	10.1007/s10852-010-9134-0	Department of Applied Mathematics, Modelling Biomedical Systems Research Group, National University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box AC 939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 OES, United Kingdom; Department of Mathematics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0408, United States; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada	Bhunu, C.P., Department of Applied Mathematics, Modelling Biomedical Systems Research Group, National University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box AC 939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 OES, United Kingdom; Mushayabasa, S., Department of Applied Mathematics, Modelling Biomedical Systems Research Group, National University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box AC 939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; Kojouharov, H., Department of Mathematics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0408, United States; Tchuenche, J.M., Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada	We formulate a deterministic HIV/AIDS model to theoretically investigate how counselling and testing coupled with the resulting decrease in sexual activity could affect the HIV epidemic in resource-limited communities. The threshold quantities are determined and stabilities analyzed. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations support the idea that increase in the number of sexually inactive HIV positive individuals who voluntarily abstain from sex has a positive impact on HIV/AIDS control. Results from this theoretical study suggest that effective counselling and testing have a great potential to partially control the epidemic (especially when HIV positive individuals either willingly withdraw from risky sexual activities or disclose their status beforehand) even in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Therefore, more needs to be done in resource-limited settings, such as sub-Saharan Africa, as far as the HIV/AIDS epidemic is concerned and a formalized information, education, and communication strategy should be given prominence in educational campaigns. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Abstinence; HIV/AIDS; Reproduction number; Resource-limited; Testing and counselling	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650728472	Polyethylene/synthetic boehmite alumina nanocomposites: Structure, mechanical, and perforation impact properties	Khumalo V.M., Karger-Kocsis J., Thomann R.	2011	Journal of Materials Science	46	2	10.1007/s10853-010-4882-9	Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie und Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, Freiburg 79104, Germany	Khumalo, V.M., Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Karger-Kocsis, J., Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Thomann, R., Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie und Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, Freiburg 79104, Germany	Synthetic boehmite alumina (BA) has been incorporated up to 8 wt% in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) by melt compounding. The primary nominal particle sizes of the two BA grades used were 40 and 74 nm, respectively. The dispersion of the BA in PE matrices was investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques (SEM and TEM). Specimens of the PE/BA nanocomposites were subjected to dynamic-mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), static tensile and instrumented falling weight impact (IFWI) tests. It was established that BA was nanoscale dispersed in both HDPE and LDPE. According to DMTA, BA worked as reinforcing filler. This was confirmed in static mechanical tests, too. BA grades and contents influenced the static tensile and dynamic IFWI behaviors of the PE/BA nanocomposites differently. Surprisingly, BA incorporation enhanced the ductility (elongations at yield and break) of HDPE in contrast to LDPE. Unlike HDPE/BA nanocomposites, the perforation impact resistance of the LDPE/BA systems was reduced with increasing BA content at both ambient temperature and T = -30 °C. The lesser the reduction the higher the primary particle size of the BA was. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	None	Ambient temperatures; Falling weight impact; Impact property; Melt-compounding; Nano scale; Primary particle size; Reinforcing fillers; Scanning and transmission electron microscopy; SEM and TEM; Static mechanical test; Static tensile; Thermal analysis; Dynamics; High density polyethylenes; Impact resistance; Mechanical properties; Nanocomposites; Thermoanalysis; Thermoplastics; Transmission electron microscopy; Dynamic mechanical analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884280480	Modeling the impact of early therapy for latent tuberculosis patients and its optimal control analysis	Mushayabasa S., Bhunu C.P.	2013	Journal of Biological Physics	39	4	10.1007/s10867-013-9328-6	Department of Mathematics, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP 167, Harare, Zimbabwe	Mushayabasa, S., Department of Mathematics, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP 167, Harare, Zimbabwe; Bhunu, C.P., Department of Mathematics, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP 167, Harare, Zimbabwe	Effective tuberculosis (TB) control depends on case findings to discover infectious cases, investigation of contacts of those with TB, as well as appropriate treatment. Adherence and successful completion of the treatment are equally important. Unfortunately, due to a number of personal, psychosocial, economic, medical, and health service factors, a significant number of TB patients become irregular and default from treatment. In this paper, a mathematical model is developed to assess the impact of early therapy for latent TB and non-adherence on controlling TB transmission dynamics. Equilibrium states of the model are determined and their local stability is examined. With the aid of the center manifold theory, it is established that the model undergoes a backward bifurcation. Qualitative mathematical analysis of the model suggests that a high level of latent tuberculosis case findings, coupled with a decrease of defaulting rate, may be effective in controlling TB transmission dynamics in the community. Population-level effects of organized campaigns to improve early therapy and to guarantee successful completion of each treatment are evaluated through numerical simulations and presented in support of the analytical results. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Case findings; Optimal control; Reproductive number; Therapy adherence; Tuberculosis	article; bacterial transmission; case finding; dynamics; early childhood intervention; health program; health promotion; latent tuberculosis; mathematical analysis; mathematical model; population research; priority journal; qualitative analysis; simulation; theory; tuberculosis control; Asymptomatic Diseases; Communicable Disease Control; Endemic Diseases; Humans; Latent Tuberculosis; Models, Statistical; Patient Compliance; Time Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646486101	Impact of botanical pesticides derived from Melia azedarach and Azadirachta indica plants on the emission of volatiles that attract parasitoids of the diamondback moth to cabbage plants	Charleston D.S., Gols R., Hordijk K.A., Kfir R., Vet L.E.M., Dicke M.	2006	Journal of Chemical Ecology	32	2	10.1007/s10886-005-9004-9	Insect Ecology, Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X134, Queenswood 0121, South Africa; Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8031, 6700 EH Wageningen, Netherlands; Netherlands Institute of Ecology, NIOO-CL, P.O. Box 1299, 3600 BG, Maarssen, Netherlands	Charleston, D.S., Insect Ecology, Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X134, Queenswood 0121, South Africa; Gols, R., Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8031, 6700 EH Wageningen, Netherlands; Hordijk, K.A., Netherlands Institute of Ecology, NIOO-CL, P.O. Box 1299, 3600 BG, Maarssen, Netherlands; Kfir, R., Insect Ecology, Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X134, Queenswood 0121, South Africa; Vet, L.E.M., Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8031, 6700 EH Wageningen, Netherlands, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, NIOO-CL, P.O. Box 1299, 3600 BG, Maarssen, Netherlands; Dicke, M., Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8031, 6700 EH Wageningen, Netherlands	Herbivorous and carnivorous arthropods use chemical information from plants during foraging. Aqueous leaf extracts from the syringa tree Melia azedarach and commercial formulations from the neem tree Azadirachta indica, Neemix 4.5®, were investigated for their impact on the flight response of two parasitoids, Cotesia plutellae and Diadromus collaris. Cotesia plutellae was attracted only to Plutella xylostella-infested cabbage plants in a wind tunnel after an oviposition experience. Female C. plutellae did not distinguish between P. xylostella-infested cabbage plants treated with neem and control P. xylostella-infested plants. However, females preferred infested cabbage plants that had been treated with syringa extract to control infested plants. Syringa extract on filter paper did not attract C. plutellae. This suggests that an interaction between the plant and the syringa extract enhances parasitoid attraction. Diadromus collaris was not attracted to cabbage plants in a wind tunnel and did not distinguish between caterpillar-damaged and undamaged cabbage plants. Headspace analysis revealed 49 compounds in both control cabbage plants and cabbage plants that had been treated with the syringa extract. Among these are alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, terpenoids, sulfides, and an isothiocyanate. Cabbage plants that had been treated with the syringa extract emitted larger quantities of volatiles, and these increased quantities were not derived from the syringa extract. Therefore, the syringa extract seemed to induce the emission of cabbage volatiles. To our knowledge, this is the first example of a plant extract inducing the emission of plant volatiles in another plant. This interesting phenomenon likely explains the preference of C. plutellae parasitoids for cabbage plants that have been treated with syringa extracts. © 2006 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.	Botanical pesticides; Elicitor; Induced plant volatiles; Parasitoid behavior; Plutella xylostella	acylglycerol; insecticide; neem oil; plant extract; terpene; host-parasite interaction; pesticide; plant; animal; article; Azadirachta indica; Brassica; chemistry; drug effect; feeding behavior; female; host parasite interaction; Hymenoptera; insect control; larva; Melia azedarach; metabolism; moth; parasitology; physiology; Animals; Azadirachta; Brassica; Feeding Behavior; Female; Glycerides; Host-Parasite Relations; Hymenoptera; Insect Control; Insecticides; Larva; Melia azedarach; Moths; Plant Extracts; Terpenes; Arthropoda; Azadirachta indica; Brassica oleracea var. capitata; Cotesia plutellae; Diadromus collaris; Lepidoptera; Melia azedarach; Plutella xylostella; Syringa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947033836	Uptake of Genetic Counseling, Knowledge of Bleeding risks and Psychosocial Impact in a South African Cohort of Female Relatives of People with Hemophilia	Gillham A., Greyling B., Wessels T.-M., Mbele B., Schwyzer R., Krause A., Mahlangu J.	2015	Journal of Genetic Counseling	24	6	10.1007/s10897-015-9834-8	National Bioproducts Institute, P.O. Box 818, Pinegowrie, Johannesburg, South Africa; Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Division of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Hemophilia Comprehensive Care Centre, University of the Witwatersrand and Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa	Gillham, A., National Bioproducts Institute, P.O. Box 818, Pinegowrie, Johannesburg, South Africa; Greyling, B., Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Wessels, T.-M., Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Mbele, B., Division of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Hemophilia Comprehensive Care Centre, University of the Witwatersrand and Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa; Schwyzer, R., Division of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Hemophilia Comprehensive Care Centre, University of the Witwatersrand and Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa; Krause, A., Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Mahlangu, J., Division of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Hemophilia Comprehensive Care Centre, University of the Witwatersrand and Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa	In excess of 200 people with hemophilia (PWH) and their families have received genetic counseling (GC) at the Hemophilia Comprehensive Care Centre at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. However, very few of their at-risk female relatives have attended GC to discuss their reproductive risks and options, or their potential bleeding risks. Limited research has been conducted internationally on factors influencing uptake of GC and testing amongst female relatives of PWH. This prospective study aimed to explore the factors that influence the uptake of GC and testing by female relatives of PWH. An open-ended semi-structured interview schedule was developed. Participants included female relatives of PWH who at least had a family member who had received GC. Seventeen participants were interviewed; 7 who had GC previously and 10 who had not. All participants who had previously received GC found the service helpful and were mothers referred because their sons had hemophilia. Of those who had not had GC, possible deterrents included: being unaware of GC service, focus in clinic on PWH and not potential carriers, misunderstood risks related to hemophilia and carrier status, fear of finding out carrier status, and non-disclosure in families. Most participants were unaware of potential bleeding risks for carriers. The information will be used to provide a better service to female relatives of PWH with a goal being to set up a dedicated hemophilia carrier clinic. © 2015, National Society of Genetic Counselors, Inc.	Bleeding risks; Genetic counseling; Hemophilia carriers; Psychosocial impact; South Africa	None	None
WoS	WOS:000290321200005	Impact of Timing of Sex Education on Teenage Pregnancy in Nigeria: Cross-sectional Survey of Secondary School Students	Ilika, Amobi L.,Miettola, Juhani,Ochiogu, Ifeoma N.,Vaskilampi, Tuula	2011	JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH	36	3	10.1007/s10900-010-9318-6	University of Eastern Finland	"Miettola, Juhani: University of Eastern Finland","Ochiogu, Ifeoma N.: University of Eastern Finland","Vaskilampi, Tuula: University of Eastern Finland",	The objective of this study was to explore whether the time at which sex education was provided had any impact on reported cases of unintended pregnancies. A cross-sectional survey of secondary school students and their teachers was conducted using self-administered questionnaires. The participants were 1,234 students aged 14-17 years and 46 teachers in 5 secondary schools in South Eastern Nigeria. The outcome measures were reported pregnancies within the last 3 years by type of school and class level; class level at the time of receiving sex education at school; and age at the time of receiving sex education at home. In all schools, sex education was provided at all the junior and senior secondary school levels (JSS and SSS, respectively). Overall, reported cases of unintended pregnancies were highest among the junior students. In the private schools, four in ten teachers reported pregnancies among JSS 3 students. Almost four in ten teachers in public schools reported pregnancies among JSS 2 students. Of all the students, about three in ten reported pregnancies among JSS 2 and 3 students respectively. At home, sex education was provided at the mean age of 16 years (SD +/- 2.2). All participants cited financial need and marital promise as major predisposing factors. About four in ten students did not use contraceptives during their first sexual experience. This study highlights the need to introduce sex education much earlier, possibly before the JSS levels. At home, sex education may have greater impact if provided before the age of 14 years. Efforts should be made to address the factors predisposing to teenage pregnancy.	"CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY",NIGERIA,"SEX EDUCATION","teenage pregnancy",ADOLESCENTS	None	None
WoS	WOS:000308537100023	Process and Outcome Evaluation of a Community Intervention for Orphan Adolescents in Western Kenya	Cho, Hyunsan,Hallfors, Denise D.,Itindi, Janet,Mbai, Isabella,Milimo, Benson	2012	JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH	37	5	10.1007/s10900-012-9548-x	Moi University, Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation (PIRE), Pacific Inst Res & Evaluat	"Itindi, Janet: Moi University","Mbai, Isabella: Moi University","Milimo, Benson: Moi University",	We conducted a 2-year pilot randomized controlled trial (N = 105) in a high HIV-prevalence area in rural western Kenya to test whether providing young orphan adolescents with uniforms, school fees, and community visitors improves school retention and reduces HIV risk factors. The trial was a community intervention, limited to one community. In this paper, we examined intervention implementation and its association with outcomes using longitudinal data. We used both quantitative and qualitative methods to evaluate the community-based model for orphan HIV prevention, with recommendations for future studies. Despite promising effects after 1 year, GEE analyses showed effects after 2 years. Volunteer community visitors, a key element of the intervention, showed little of the expected effect although qualitative reports documented active assistance to prevent orphans' school absence. For future research, we recommend capturing the transition to high school, a larger sample size, and biomarker data to add strength to the research design. We also recommend a school-based intervention approach to improve implementation and reduce infrastructure costs. Finally, we recommend evaluating nurses as agents for improving school attendance and preventing dropout because of their unique ability to address critical biopsychosocial problems.	"ADOLESCENT HEALTH","community-based intervention","global health","HIV/AIDS PREVENTION","RURAL HEALTH",BEHAVIOR,GIRLS,HIV,"RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL",RISK,SCHOOL,"SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA",YOUNG-WOMEN,ZIMBABWE	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878019731	The policy-planning divide: An evaluation of housing production in the aftermath of operation Murambatsvina in Zimbabwe	Chipungu L., Adebayo A.A.	2013	Journal of Housing and the Built Environment	28	2	10.1007/s10901-012-9311-8	School of the Built Environment and Development Studies, Howard College, University of Kwa-Zulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa	Chipungu, L., School of the Built Environment and Development Studies, Howard College, University of Kwa-Zulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa; Adebayo, A.A., School of the Built Environment and Development Studies, Howard College, University of Kwa-Zulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa	There is a very thin line of divide between policy and planning, let alone between policy and politics. In most post-colonial states, the situation has been aggravated by the ruling elites' determination to divorce themselves completely from colonial practices. This in turn has significantly transformed the policy environment to an extent where its interface with implementation is obscure. This paper examines the policy-planning divide from a housing perspective. It singles out policy issues as well as the political environment as key factors that influence the physical planning environment for housing. Using the case study of housing reconstruction in the aftermath of slum clearance (Operation Murambatsvina/Operation Clean-up) in Zimbabwe, the paper argues that if national policies that impinge on physical planning are not well defined; they can have negative implications on the implementation and outcome of projects. The situation is further complicated by unlimited influence party politics has on physical planning. What emanates from the case study is a mere manifestation of elite decision making driven by the economy of affection. The emerging issues from this discourse clearly show how difficult it is to operate in a public domain riddled by selfish motives. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Housing; Planning; Policy; Politics; Reconstruction	governance approach; housing policy; housing provision; informal settlement; planning process; policy approach; policy implementation; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84906782047	Synthesis, Characterization, Crystal Structure and Antimicrobial Evaluation of a Novel -M-X-M-X- Type Infinite Chain 1D Cu(II) Complex with Eflornithine Hydrochloride Hydrate as Ligand	Obaleye J.A., Tella A.C., Osunniran W.A., Simon N., Omojasola P.F.	2014	Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials	24	5	10.1007/s10904-014-0052-x	Department of Chemistry, P.M.B. 1515, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria; Department of Microbiology, P.M.B. 1515, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeri	Obaleye, J.A., Department of Chemistry, P.M.B. 1515, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Tella, A.C., Department of Chemistry, P.M.B. 1515, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Osunniran, W.A., Department of Chemistry, P.M.B. 1515, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Simon, N., Department of Chemistry, P.M.B. 1515, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria, Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria; Omojasola, P.F., Department of Microbiology, P.M.B. 1515, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	A novel -M-X-M-X- type infinite chain 1D copper(II) complex of Eflornithine, Dichloro-[2-amino-5-ammonio-2-(difluoromethyl)pentanoate]copper(II) hydrate, [Cu(C6H12F2N2O2)Cl2]·H2O 1 has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopic techniques (UV/Vis and FT-IR), TGA and X-ray diffraction. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of the complex 1 showed the structure to be monoclinic with space group Cc, a = 13.1295(15) Å, b = 12.1859(14) Å, c = 8.1927(9) Å, β = 118.359(3) Å, V = 1153.5(2) Å3, Z = 4. The complex exhibits a quadratic planar coordination of the Cu-atom. The Cu(II) centre is coordinated by two chloride atoms, an oxygen atom of the carboxyl- and a nitrogen atom of the amino-group, respectively, forming a quadratic planar geometry. The terminal amino group of the ligand is protonated to form NH3 + while the carboxylic moiety is deprotonated to form Zwitterionic eflornithine ligand, with the coordination of the metal at the nitrogen atom of the second amino group. The compound has -M-X-M-X- infinite 1D chain polymeric structure. Two neigbouring Cu(EFL)Cl chain units are bridged by an Cl- ion, forming a -Cu-Cl-Cu-Cl- linear chain structure along C-axis. The antibacterial activities of the complex on Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) were investigated and found to be active at higher concentration than the parent ligand. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Antibacterial activity; Crystal structure; Eflornithine hydrochloride hydrate; Spectra; TGA; Zwitterions	Atmospheric spectra; Atoms; Bacteria; Chains; Chelation; Chlorine compounds; Copper; Crystal structure; Escherichia coli; Hydrates; Hydration; Ligands; Nitrogen; X ray diffraction analysis; Anti-bacterial activity; Escherichia coli (E. coli); Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis; Spectroscopic technique; Terminal amino groups; TGA; Zwitterions; Copper compounds	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939937081	Synthesis and Preliminary Bio-evaluation of Polyaspartamide Co-conjugates of p-Amino-salicylic Acid Chelated Platinum(II) and Ferrocene Complexes	Mukaya H.E., Neuse E.W., van Zyl R.L., Chen C.T.	2015	Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials	25	3	10.1007/s10904-015-0174-9	Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Mukaya, H.E., Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Neuse, E.W., School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; van Zyl, R.L., Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Chen, C.T., Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	The present study reports the preparation and preliminary biological activity results of co-conjugates of platinum ferrocene based drugs by using a novel synthetic route for the incorporation of ferrocene into the carrier. The Fe content obtained by ICP-AES was found in the range of 1.8–2.3 % by mass for the conjugates and 1.4–2.0 % by mass for the co-conjugates. The Pt content obtained by ICP-OES was in the range of 5.6–7.2 % by mass for the co-conjugates. The preliminary pharmacological evaluation performed on the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line for conjugate 1 and 4, and corresponding co-conjugate 6 and 9 revealed that the conjugates were 5 and 2 times more active than the free drug, while the corresponding co-conjugates were 16 and 6 times more active than the free drug. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Biological activity; Cancer; Co-conjugate; Conjugate; Ferrocene; p-Aminosalicylic acid; Platinum drug	Atomic emission spectroscopy; Bioactivity; Cell culture; Cobalt compounds; Diseases; Organometallics; Platinum; Synthesis (chemical); Bio-evaluation; Cancer; Conjugate; Ferrocenes; Mcf-7 human breast cancer cells; Platinum drugs; Polyaspartamides; Synthetic routes; Salicylic acid	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33751331914	The impact of recent queenloss and colony pheno-type on the removal of small hive beetle (Aethina tumida Murray) eggs and larvae by African honeybee colonies (Apis mellifera capensis Esch.)	Spiewok S., Neumann P.	2006	Journal of Insect Behavior	19	5	10.1007/s10905-006-9046-z	Institut für Zoologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 4, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany; Swiss Bee Research Centre, Agroscope Liebefeld-Posieux Swiss Federal Research Station ALP, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Eastern Bee Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China	Spiewok, S., Institut für Zoologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 4, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany; Neumann, P., Swiss Bee Research Centre, Agroscope Liebefeld-Posieux Swiss Federal Research Station ALP, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa, Eastern Bee Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China	The removal of small hive beetle [=SHB] eggs and larvae was studied in queenright and recently queenless Cape honeybee, Apis mellifera capensis, colonies over a range of phenotypes. The overall removal efficiency was not influenced by phenotypes or queenstate, because all introduced eggs and larvae were removed within 24 hours. Queenless colonies removed them merely slower than queenright ones. The latter ones rejected up to 300 larvae within one hour. However, colonies undergoing preparation for absconding did not completely remove SHB offspring, suggesting that removal efficiency was reduced. Since even small and recently queenless colonies effectively removed immature SHB, and no differences in the overall efficiency was found compared to A. m. scutellata we conclude that this defense behavior is well developed in African honeybees. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Aethina tumida; Apis mellifera; Honeybee; Hygienic behavior; Parasite; Small hive beetle	Aethina tumida; Apis mellifera; Apis mellifera scutellata; Coleoptera	None
None	None	Paleolimnological investigations of anthropogenic change in Lake Tanganyika: VIII. Hydrological evaluation of two contrasting watersheds of the Lake Tanganyika catchment	Nkotagu H.H.	2005	Journal of Paleolimnology	34	1	10.1007/s10933-005-2421-5	Department of Geology, University of Dar Es Salaam, P.O Box 35052, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania	Nkotagu, H.H., Department of Geology, University of Dar Es Salaam, P.O Box 35052, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania	This study was conducted to delineate the impact of human activities on stream flow and water chemistry as well as other factors that influence the chemical character of both surface and groundwater in two contrasting watersheds of the Lake Tanganyika catchment. The study sites the Mwamgongo and Mitumba streams along the northern Tanzanian coastline of the lake are representative of disturbed and undisturbed watersheds, respectively, but are quite similar in other characteristics of slope, bedrock geology and size. Separation of stream flow components was undertaken using classical hydrograph analysis along with chemical methods using both Cl and 18O data. All the data show that groundwater accounts for the predominant source of total stream flow in both the Mwamgongo and Mitumba watersheds (65 and 70% respectively). The streams have an average δ18O of about -3.0% and less than 10 mg/l for Cl. The basin recession constants of 9.4×10-3-d-1 and 9.6×10-3-d-1 for Mwamgongo and Mitumba, respectively, indicate existence of both fissured and fractured aquifer systems. The chemical data exhibit low values of all determined ions. This supported the hypothesis that natural processes influence the water chemical character of the study area. An Mg-HCO3 type of water dominates in the two watersheds. Despite their similar size and bedrock character the Mwamgongo watershed has an order of magnitude in sediment transport than the Mitumba one. The data show that the disturbed watershed discharges less groundwater and more sediments, and has a poorer water quality than the forested Mitumba watershed, which lies within the Gombe National Park. The data show that soil erosion processes are more active at Mwamgongo, and that both the surface runoff component of the total stream flow and increased dissolved salt load is greater in the deforested Mwamgongo watershed than in the Mitumba watershed. The chloride and δ18O data complemented each other in delineating the amounts of groundwater in the total stream flow as the results using both data differed insignificantly. It may be concluded that the undisturbed watershed has a higher retention of good quality water and traps more sediments than the disturbed one. In addition, the groundwater component plays a dominant role in the total annual stream flow at each watershed. © Springer 2005.	Baseflow; Hydrograph; Stable isotopes; Surface runoff; Types of water; Watersheds	anthropogenic effect; deforestation; paleolimnology; soil erosion; watershed; Africa; East African Lakes; Eastern Hemisphere; Lake Tanganyika; Sub-Saharan Africa; World	None
None	None	Paleolimnological investigations of anthropogenic environmental change in Lake Tanganyika: IX. Summary of paleorecords of environmental change and catchment deforestation at Lake Tanganyika and impacts on the Lake Tanganyika ecosystem	Cohen A.S., Palacios-Fest M.R., Msaky E.S., Alin S.R., McKee B., O'Reilly C.M., Dettman D.L., Nkotagu H., Lezzar K.E.	2005	Journal of Paleolimnology	34	1	10.1007/s10933-005-2422-4	Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Terra Nostra, Tucson, AZ 85741, United States; Tanzania Petroleum Development Corporation, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States; Department of Geology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, United States; Environmental Science Program, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, United States; Department of Geology, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Cohen, A.S., Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Palacios-Fest, M.R., Terra Nostra, Tucson, AZ 85741, United States; Msaky, E.S., Tanzania Petroleum Development Corporation, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Alin, S.R., School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States; McKee, B., Department of Geology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, United States; O'Reilly, C.M., Environmental Science Program, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, United States; Dettman, D.L., Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Nkotagu, H., Department of Geology, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Lezzar, K.E., Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States	Paleorecords from multiple indicators of environmental change provide evidence for the interactions between climate, human alteration of watersheds and lake ecosystem processes at Lake Tanganyika, Africa, a lake renowned for its extraordinary biodiversity, endemism and fisheries. This paper synthesizes geochronology, sedimentology, paleoecology, geochemistry and hydrology studies comparing the history of deltaic deposits from watersheds of various sizes and deforestation disturbance levels along the eastern coast of the lake in Tanzania and Burundi. Intersite differences are related to climate change, differences in the histories of forested vs. deforested watersheds, differences related to regional patterns of deforestation, and differences related to interactions of deforestation and climate effects. Climate change is linked to variations in sediment accumulation rates, charcoal accumulation, lake level and water chemistry, especially during the arid-humid fluctuations of the latter part of the Little Ice Age. Differences between forested and deforested watersheds are manifested by major increases in sediment accumulation rates in the latter (outside the range of climatically driven variability and for the last ∼40 years unprecedented in comparison with other records from the lake in the late Holocene), differences in eroded sediment and watershed stream composition, and compositional or diversity trends in lake faunal communities related to sediment inundation. Variability in regional patterns of deforestation is illustrated by the timing of transitions from numerous sedimentologic, paleoecologic and geochemical indicators. These data suggest that extensive watershed deforestation occurred as early as the late-18th to the early-19th centuries in the northern part of the Lake Tanganyika catchment, in the late-19th to early-20th centuries in the northern parts of modern-day Tanzania, and in the mid-20th century in central Tanzania. Rapid increases in sediment and charcoal accumulation rates, palynological and lake faunal changes occurred in the early-1960s. We interpret this to be the result of greatly enhanced flushing of sediments in previously deforested watersheds triggered by extraordinary rainfall in 1961/62. Regional differences in deforestation histories can be understood in light of the very different cultural and demographic histories of the northern and central parts of the lake shoreline. Incursion of slaving and ivory caravans from the Indian Ocean to the central coast of Lake Tanganyika by the early-19th century, with their attendant diseases, reduced human and elephant populations and therefore maintained forest cover in this region through the late-19th to early-20th centuries. In contrast, the northeastern portion of the lakeshore did not experience the effects of the caravan trades and consequently experienced high human population densities and widespread deforestation much earlier. These studies demonstrate the importance of paleolimnological data for making informed risk assessments of the potential effects of watershed deforestation on long-term lake ecosystem response in the Lake Tanganyika catchment. Differences in sediment yield and lake floor distribution of that yield, linked to factors such as watershed size, slope, and sediment retention, must be accounted for in management plans for both human occupation of currently forested watersheds and the development of future underwater reserves. © Springer 2005.	Deforestation; East Africa; Lake level; Lake Tanganyika; Late Holocene; Soil erosion	anthropogenic effect; deforestation; paleolimnology; soil erosion; Africa; East African Lakes; Eastern Hemisphere; Lake Tanganyika; Sub-Saharan Africa; World; Arida	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548548350	Paleolimnological assessment of human impacts on an urban South African lake	García-Rodríguez F., Anderson C.R., Adams J.B.	2007	Journal of Paleolimnology	38	3	10.1007/s10933-006-9076-8	Botany Department, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; Department of Geosciences, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa	García-Rodríguez, F., Botany Department, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; Anderson, C.R., Department of Geosciences, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; Adams, J.B., Botany Department, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa	North End Lake is a polluted and eutrophic freshwater system located in Port Elizabeth, South Africa. Since the lake is expected to be used for recreational/tourist purposes by 2010, a rehabilitation program will have to be designed. For this reason, we retrieved a sediment core from the central region of the lake to decipher the effect of historical human impacts on the water body. Pre-disturbance paleolimnological inferences indicate that the lake was likely mesotrophic. After ∼1831, when sheep farming activities were undertaken in the catchment, increases in trophic state and changes in sediment composition were observed. After ∼1937, increases in trace metal levels, organic matter, spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCP) and changes in sediment composition were recorded. The system became eutrophic as indicated by the dominance of the diatom Actinocyclus normanii, a cosmopolitan species often observed in systems where water quality has been dramatically degraded. The conditions worsened after 1986 because of the construction of a storm-water retention system, which intentionally channeled storm-water runoff into the lake. Because of this, extremely high values of fecal coliforms (i.e. 2 × 106 every 100 ml) have been measured in the water column. The paleolimnological information identified the sharp increase in organic content in the uppermost section of the core, and this could be correlated to the operation of the storm-water retention system. Therefore, as an immediate management measure, we suggest that the storm-water retention system should either no longer be utilized, or the storm-water runoff should be treated before disposal into the lake. In addition, an effective sewage system has to be constructed. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.	Diatoms; Eutrophication; Human impacts; Paleolimnology; South Africa; Spheroidal carbonaceous particles; Trace metals	anthropogenic effect; diatom; eutrophication; lake; lake pollution; mesotrophic environment; organic matter; paleolimnology; runoff; sediment analysis; sediment core; trace metal; urban area; water quality; Africa; Eastern Cape; Port Elizabeth; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Actinocyclus normanii; Bacillariophyta; Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-35948984184	Science laboratory environment and academic performance	Aladejana F., Aderibigbe O.	2007	Journal of Science Education and Technology	16	6	10.1007/s10956-007-9072-4	Institute of Education, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Department of Special Education and Curriculum Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Aladejana, F., Institute of Education, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Aderibigbe, O., Department of Special Education and Curriculum Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	The study determined how students assess the various components of their science laboratory environment. It also identified how the laboratory environment affects students' learning outcomes. The modified ex-post facto design was used. A sample of 328 randomly selected students was taken from a population of all Senior Secondary School chemistry students in a state in Nigeria. The research instrument, Science Laboratory Environment Inventory (SLEI) designed and validated by Fraser et al. (Sci Educ 77:1-24, 1993) was administered on the selected students. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and Product Moment Correlation. Findings revealed that students could assess the five components (Student cohesiveness, Open-endedness, Integration, Rule clarity, and Material Environment) of the laboratory environment. Student cohesiveness has the highest assessment while material environment has the least. The results also showed that the five components of the science laboratory environment are positively correlated with students' academic performance. The findings are discussed with a view to improving the quality of the laboratory environment, subsequent academic performance in science and ultimately the enrolment and retaining of learners in science. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Environment; Integration; Material environment; Open-endedness; Rule clarity; Student cohesiveness	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901279588	Improvement in the mechanical performance and interfacial behavior of kenaf fiber reinforced high density polyethylene composites by the addition of maleic anhydride grafted high density polyethylene	Salleh F.M., Hassan A., Yahya R., Lafia-Araga R.A., Azzahari A.D., Nazir M.N.Z.M.	2014	Journal of Polymer Research	21	5	10.1007/s10965-014-0439-y	Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry, School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Federal University of Technology, 920001 Minna, Nigeria; Central Service Unit (Laboratory), F	Salleh, F.M., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Hassan, A., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Yahya, R., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Lafia-Araga, R.A., Department of Chemistry, School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Federal University of Technology, 920001 Minna, Nigeria; Azzahari, A.D., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Nazir, M.N.Z.M., Central Service Unit (Laboratory), Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia	The effects of compatibilizer on the tensile, flexural and interfacial adhesion behavior of kenaf fiber reinforced high density polyethylene composites were investigated. The addition of maleic anhydride grafted high density polyethylene (MA-HDPE) as compatibilizer into the composites was found to improve the mechanical properties and the adhesion behavior of the composites. These improvements were due to the improved compatibility between matrix and fiber. 8 % MA-HDPE loading provided maximum enhancement in tensile and flexural properties when compared to the other compatibilizer contents. Meanwhile, uncompatibilized composites showed poorer mechanical properties and interfacial behavior relative to the compatibilized composites. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the changed chemical structures by the appearance of stretching vibration of the ester carbonyl groups (C=O) around 1725 cm-1 to 1742 cm-1 and the peak of hydroxyl group at 3327 cm-1 in the compatibilized composites. This indicates that the maleic anhydride has bonded to the kenaf fiber through esterification reaction, giving rise to strong interfacial bonding between thematrix and fiber. The improvement in the interfacial behavior was evident from the tensile fracture surface morphology using a field emission scanning electron microscopy.	Compatibilizer; Interfacial behavior; Kenaf fiber; Mechanical properties	Adhesion; Compatibilizers; Esterification; Esters; Fiber bonding; Field emission microscopes; Grafting (chemical); High density polyethylenes; Infrared spectroscopy; Kenaf fibers; Maleic anhydride; Mechanical properties; Stretching; Tensile strength; Esterification reactions; Field emission scanning electron microscopy; Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy; Interfacial adhesions; Interfacial behaviors; Mechanical performance; Tensile and flexural properties; Tensile fracture surfaces; Fibers; Adhesion; Esterification; Esters; High Density Polyethylene; Infrared Spectroscopy; Interfacial Polymerization; Kenaf; Maleic Anhydride; Mechanical Properties; Tensile Strength	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955692703	Evaluation of trace elements contents in staple foodstuffs from the gold mining areas in southwestern part of Ghana using neutron activation analysis	Ahiamadjie H., Serfor-Armah Y., Tandoh J.B., Gyampo O., Ofosu F.G., Dampare S.B., Adotey D.K., Nyarko B.J.B.	2011	Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry	288	3	10.1007/s10967-011-0979-0	Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, National Nuclear Research Institute, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon-Accra, Ghana; Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana; Department of Earth Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1, Tsushima-Naka, 3-Chome, Okayama 700-8530, Japan	Ahiamadjie, H., Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, National Nuclear Research Institute, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon-Accra, Ghana, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana; Serfor-Armah, Y., Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, National Nuclear Research Institute, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon-Accra, Ghana, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana; Tandoh, J.B., Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, National Nuclear Research Institute, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon-Accra, Ghana, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana; Gyampo, O., Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, National Nuclear Research Institute, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon-Accra, Ghana, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana; Ofosu, F.G., Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, National Nuclear Research Institute, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon-Accra, Ghana; Dampare, S.B., Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, National Nuclear Research Institute, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon-Accra, Ghana, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana, Department of Earth Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1, Tsushima-Naka, 3-Chome, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; Adotey, D.K., Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, National Nuclear Research Institute, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon-Accra, Ghana, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana; Nyarko, B.J.B., Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, National Nuclear Research Institute, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon-Accra, Ghana, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana	Most studies in gold mining areas in Ghana have been concentrated on soil, sediment and atmospheric pollution, very limited work has been conducted on consumed crops. This work therefore aims at shedding more light on the effects of gold mining activities on selected consumed food crops ("Xanthosoma sagittifolium", "Colocasia esculenta", "Musa paradisiacal" and "Manihot Esculentus" in Ghana using Neutron Activation Analysis. Arsenic (As) recorded very alarming concentrations averaging about 6.37 mg/kg, which is twice WHO recommended levels for "Manihot esculentus", "Xanthosoma sagittifolium" and "Musa Paradisiacal" from Iduapriem Town. The distributions of the concentration of Mercury were more concentrated in the gold mining towns recording values exceeding WHO recommended values. This calls for a concerted effort to minimize the negative impacts of gold mining in the study area. The distribution of the various elemental concentration in various foodstuffs were accomplished by employing statistical methods like Cluster, Principal Component Analysis and Pearson correlation matrix. Statistically, two separate clusters was observed for foodstuffs from mining and non- mining towns. © 2011 Akadémiai Kiadó.	Gold mining; Neutron activation analysis; Staple foodstuffs; Trace elements	arsenic; mercury; trace element; article; banana; cassava; Colocasia; controlled study; environmental impact; food composition; food contamination; Ghana; mining; neutron activation analysis; nonhuman; Xanthosoma	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77649235878	Iterative design, implementation and evaluation of a supplemental feeding program for underweight children ages 6-59 months in western Uganda	Jilcott S.B., Ickes S.B., Ammerman A.S., Myhre J.A.	2010	Maternal and Child Health Journal	14	2	10.1007/s10995-009-0456-3	Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, 1709 West Avenue, Greenville, NC 27834, United States; Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; World Harvest Mission, Bundinutrition Program, P.O. Box 1142, Bundibugyo, Uganda	Jilcott, S.B., Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, 1709 West Avenue, Greenville, NC 27834, United States; Ickes, S.B., Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Ammerman, A.S., Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Myhre, J.A., World Harvest Mission, Bundinutrition Program, P.O. Box 1142, Bundibugyo, Uganda	Objective In this paper we describe the development, implementation, evaluation, and subsequent improvements of a supplemental feeding program that provides community-based care to underweight children in a rural East African setting, using a locally-sourced and produced ready-to-use food (RUF). Methods Production teams were trained to grind soybeans and groundnuts (peanuts), which were then mixed with moringa oleifera leaf powder to form an energy-dense supplemental food, designed for use as an RUF. Eligible children (based on low weight-for-age or mid-upper-arm circumference < 12 cm) received RUF of approximately 682 kcal per day for five weeks. Weekly growth monitoring and caregiver education were provided by trained health center staff and community volunteers. The program was evaluated by examining RUF nutrient composition, weight gain velocity, and qualitative data from key-informant interviews and home feeding observations. Results Locally-produced RUF had similar energy density but higher protein content than commercial RUTF (ready-to-use therapeutic food). Mean weight gain of children was 2.5 g/kg/day (range 0.9-6.0). Feeding observations revealed that caregivers were diluting the RUF fed to children. Production team members desired increased financial compensation for their work but were enthusiastic about the program as helpful to malnourished children. Conclusions Locally-produced RUF is a promising strategy for community-based care of moderately malnourished children. Through the production team's entrepreneurship, a small business was formed, whereby financial incentives encouraged continued RUF production. Future efforts are needed to educate caregivers on correct RUF use and improve commercial viability in local markets. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Ready-to-use food; Stunting; Supplemental feeding; Underweight	article; body weight; fast food; health care quality; human; infant; infant nutrition; interview; methodology; preschool child; program development; Uganda; Child, Preschool; Fast Foods; Humans; Infant; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Interviews as Topic; Program Development; Program Evaluation; Thinness; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857049121	Impact of XPD gene polymorphism on risk of prostate cancer on north Indian population	Sobti R.C., Berhane N., Melese S., Mahdi S.A., Gupta L., Thakur H., Singh N.	2012	Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry	361	42371	10.1007/s11010-011-1152-3	Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, 160014 Chandigarh, India; Department of Biotechnology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; Department of Mathematics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia	Sobti, R.C., Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, 160014 Chandigarh, India; Berhane, N., Department of Biotechnology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; Melese, S., Department of Mathematics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; Mahdi, S.A., Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, 160014 Chandigarh, India; Gupta, L., Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, 160014 Chandigarh, India; Thakur, H., Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, 160014 Chandigarh, India; Singh, N., Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, 160014 Chandigarh, India	Prostate cancer is the second most diagnosed cancer in men next to skin cancer in the developed world. Risk of disease varies most prominently with age, ethnicity, family history, and diet. Genetic polymorphism of some genes has been implicated in increasing the risk. The XPD (Xeroderma pigmentosum group D) gene codes for a DNA helicase involved in transcription and nucleotide excision repair. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of XPD 751 Lys/Gln polymorphism on risk of prostate cancer on north Indian patients. Blood sample from 150 prostate cancer patients, 150 from Prostate Hyper Plasia and equal number of samples from healthy control groups was collected from North India. The polymerase chain reaction and restrictive fragment length polymorphism techniques were implemented. Statistically nonsignificant increase risk of prostate cancer was observed with patients having Gln/Gln genotype (OR 1.62, 95% CI). © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	BPH; Prostate cancer; RFLP; XPD gene polymorphism	genomic DNA; xeroderma pigmentosum group C protein; glutamine; lysine; xeroderma pigmentosum group D protein; adult; aged; article; blood sampling; cancer genetics; cancer patient; cancer risk; controlled study; exon; gene frequency; gene locus; genetic association; genotype; high risk population; human; India; major clinical study; male; occupational hazard; peripheral lymphocyte; polymerase chain reaction; population genetics; prostate cancer; prostate hypertrophy; restriction fragment length polymorphism; sedentary lifestyle; single nucleotide polymorphism; clinical evaluation; confidence interval; DNA polymorphism; human cell; human tissue; prostate cancer; risk; statistical significance; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Base Sequence; DNA Repair; DNA-Binding Proteins; Gene Frequency; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Humans; India; Male; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Prostatic Neoplasms; Risk; Risk Factors; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864445857	Synergistic tonic and phasic activity of the locus coeruleus norepinephrine (LC-NE) arousal system is required for optimal attentional performance	Howells F.M., Stein D.J., Russell V.A.	2012	Metabolic Brain Disease	27	3	10.1007/s11011-012-9287-9	Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Office 105, J-2 Block Groote Schuur Hospital, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa	Howells, F.M., Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Office 105, J-2 Block Groote Schuur Hospital, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Stein, D.J., Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Russell, V.A., Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa	A certain level of arousal is required for an individual to perform optimally, and the locus coeruleus norepinephrine (LC-NE) system plays a central role in optimizing arousal. Tonic firing of LC-NE neurons needs to be held within a narrow range of 1-3 Hz to facilitate phasic firing of the LC-NE neurons; these two modes of activity act synergistically, to allow the individual to perform attentional tasks optimally. How this information can be applied to further our understanding of psychiatric disorders has not been fully elucidated. Here we propose two models of altered LC-NE activity that result in attentional deficits characteristic of psychiatric disorders: 1) 'hypoaroused' individuals with e.g. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have decreased tonic firing of the LC-NE system, resulting in decreased cortical arousal and poor attentional performance and 2) 'hyperaroused' individuals with e.g. anxiety disorders have increased tonic firing of the LC-NE system, resulting in increased cortical arousal and impaired attentional performance. We argue that hypoarousal (decreased tonic firing of LC-NE neurons) and hyperarousal (increased tonic firing of LC-NE neurons) are suboptimal states in which phasic activity of LC-NE neurons is impeded. To further understand the neurobiology of attentional dysfunction in psychiatric disorders a translational approach that integrates findings on the LC-NE arousal system from animal models and human imaging studies may be useful. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012.	Anxiety; Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; Hyperarousal; Hypoarousal	noradrenalin; anxiety disorder; arousal; article; attention; attention deficit disorder; human; locus ceruleus; mental performance; mental task; nerve potential; neuromodulation; nonhuman; Action Potentials; Animals; Anxiety Disorders; Arousal; Attention; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Locus Coeruleus; Models, Neurological; Animalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901435992	Depo-Provera effects on Wistar rat performance in the Y-maze	Okojie A.K., Oyekunle O.A.	2014	Metabolic Brain Disease	29	2	10.1007/s11011-013-9460-9	Department of Physiology, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria	Okojie, A.K., Department of Physiology, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria; Oyekunle, O.A., Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria	Medroxyprogesterone acetate is the most commonly used progestin component of hormone therapy. The goal of the present study was to determine whether Medroxyprogesterone affects rat behavior using a Y-maze test. Twenty-four Female Wistar rats were randomly selected into three groups; control group, a low dose (13 mg/ml MPA) group and a high dose (33 mg/1 ml MPA) group. Doses of Medroxyprogesterone were delivered by intramuscular injection for a period of 3 weeks. Medroxyprogesterone administration resulted in a decrease in memory and locomotion activity of rats (p<0.05). Despite Medroxyprogesterone being effective in modulating hormonal interaction to prevent conception in actively reproducing females, cognitive impairment could be one of its adverse effects. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media.	Behavior; Depo-Provera (medroxyprogesterone); Y-maze	medroxyprogesterone acetate; medroxyprogesterone acetate; animal experiment; article; controlled study; drug dose comparison; drug effect; drug megadose; female; locomotion; low drug dose; mental performance; nonhuman; rat; spatial memory; Y-maze test; animal; drug effects; maze test; physiology; psychomotor performance; Wistar rat; Animals; Female; Maze Learning; Medroxyprogesterone Acetate; Psychomotor Performance; Rats; Rats, Wistar	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901617750	The interaction between stress and exercise, and its impact on brain function	Russell V.A., Zigmond M.J., Dimatelis J.J., Daniels W.M.U., Mabandla M.V.	2014	Metabolic Brain Disease	29	2	10.1007/s11011-013-9479-y	Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States; Division of Human Physiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa	Russell, V.A., Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Zigmond, M.J., Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States; Dimatelis, J.J., Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Daniels, W.M.U., Division of Human Physiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; Mabandla, M.V., Division of Human Physiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa	In response to acute adversity, emotional signals shift the body into a state that permits rapid detection, identification, and appropriate response to a potential threat. The stress response involves the release of a variety of substances, including neurotransmitters, neurotrophic factors, hormones, and cytokines, that enable the body to deal with the challenges of daily life. The subsequent activation of various physiological systems can be both protective and damaging to the individual, depending on timing, intensity, and duration of the stressor. Successful recovery from stressful challenges during early life leads to strengthening of synaptic connections in health-promoting neural networks and reduced vulnerability to subsequent stressors that can be protective in later life. In contrast, chronic intense uncontrollable stress can be pathogenic and lead to disorders such as depression, anxiety, hypertension, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and an increased toxic response to additional stressors such as traumatic brain injury and stroke. This review briefly explores the interaction between stress experienced at different stages of development and exercise later in life. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media.	Maternal separation; Stress exercise; Voluntary running	brain derived neurotrophic factor; brain derived neurotrophic factor receptor; calcium binding protein; glucocorticoid receptor; glutamate receptor; glycogen synthase kinase; mammalian target of rapamycin; mitogen activated protein kinase; mitogen activated protein kinase 1; mitogen activated protein kinase 3; neuroligin 1; phosphoprotein phosphatase 1; polydeoxyribonucleotide synthase; postsynaptic density protein 95; somatomedin C; synapsin I; synaptophysin; vasculotropin; article; basolateral amygdala; brain blood flow; brain function; caloric intake; cardiovascular parameters; cell proliferation; cognition; corticosterone release; dentate gyrus; dopaminergic nerve cell; early life stress; exercise; food deprivation; forced swim test; hemisphere; hippocampus; human; maternal deprivation; memory; motor performance; negative feedback; nerve cell plasticity; nervous system development; nonhuman; nucleus accumbens; prefrontal cortex; pregnancy; protein expression; running; signal transduction; spatial learning; spatial memory; stress; upregulation; animal; brain; exercise; mental stress; metabolism; nerve cell network; physiology; psychology; Animals; Brain; Exercise; Humans; Nerve Net; Stress, Psychological	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84895889123	Evaluation of the antipsychotic potential of aqueous fraction of Securinega virosa root bark extract in mice	Magaji M.G., Mohammed M., Magaji R.A., Musa A.M., Abdu-Aguye I., Hussaini I.M.	2014	Metabolic Brain Disease	29	1	10.1007/s11011-014-9483-x	Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Human Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; D	Magaji, M.G., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Mohammed, M., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Magaji, R.A., Department of Human Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Musa, A.M., Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Abdu-Aguye, I., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Hussaini, I.M., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria	Securinega virosa (Roxb ex. Willd) Baill. is a plant which is commonly used in African traditional medicine in management of mental illness. Previous study showed that the crude methanolic root bark extract of the plant possesses antipsychotic activity. In this study, the antipsychotic potential of the residual aqueous fraction of the plant was evaluated using two experimental models, apomorphine induced stereotypic climbing behaviour and swim induced grooming, all in mice. The effect of the fraction on haloperidol-induced catalepsy was also evaluated. The fraction significantly reduced the mean climbing score at the highest dose tested (500 mg/kg). In the swim-induced grooming test, the fraction significantly and dose-dependently (125-500 mg/kg) decreased the mean number and mean duration of swim-induced grooming activity in mice. Similarly, the standard haloperidol (1 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.001) decreased the mean grooming episodes and duration. However, the fraction did not significantly potentiate haloperidol-induced catalepsy. These results suggest that the residual aqueous fraction of methanol root bark extract of Securinega virosa contains biological active principle with antipsychotic potential. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media.	Apomorphine; Catalepsy; Medicinal; Psychosis; Schizophrenia; Securinega virosa	apomorphine; clozapine; haloperidol; methanol; neuroleptic agent; olanzapine; plant extract; risperidone; Securinega virosa root bark extract; unclassified drug; apomorphine; haloperidol; neuroleptic agent; plant extract; solvent; water; animal experiment; animal model; antipsychotic activity; article; bark; climbing; controlled study; dose response; drug activity; grooming; haloperidol-induced catalepsy; medicinal plant; mouse; nonhuman; plant root; residual aqueous fraction; securinega virosa; sniffing; stereotypy; African medicine; animal; bark; catalepsy; chemically induced; chemistry; comparative study; disease model; dose response; drug effects; drug screening; Euphorbiaceae; female; isolation and purification; male; phytotherapy; plant root; swimming; Mus; Securinega virosa; Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Apomorphine; Catalepsy; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Euphorbiaceae; Female; Grooming; Haloperidol; Male; Medicine, African Traditional; Methanol; Mice; Phytotherapy; Plant Bark; Plant Extracts; Plant Roots; Solvents; Stereotyped Behavior; Swimming; Water	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38649129788	Land area eligible for afforestation and reforestation within the clean development mechanism: A global analysis of the impact of forest definition	Zomer R.J., Trabucco A., Verchot L.V., Muys B.	2008	Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change	13	3	10.1007/s11027-007-9087-4	International Water Management Institute (IWMI), P.O. Box 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka; World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya; Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; c/o IWMI, P.O. Box 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka	Zomer, R.J., International Water Management Institute (IWMI), P.O. Box 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka, c/o IWMI, P.O. Box 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Trabucco, A., International Water Management Institute (IWMI), P.O. Box 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Verchot, L.V., World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya; Muys, B., Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001 Leuven, Belgium	Within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Kyoto Protocol, countries have significant latitude to define a forest. The most important parameter affecting area designated as forest is the minimum crown cover which can be set between 10 and 30%. The choice will have implications for the amount of land available in a country for afforestation and reforestation activities within the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM-AR). In this paper, we present an analysis of the regional differences in land availability for CDM-AR projects. We then examine how the choice of a high or low threshold value for crown cover will affect the area available for CDM activities and how the limitations imposed by this element of the definition compares to other factors that are likely to limit CDM activities. Results represent a global analysis that included all countries not included in Annex I of the Kyoto Protocol, and examined the effect on land availability of a range of crown cover thresholds ranging from 10-30%. Of the 140 Non-Annex One countries, 107 countries were found to have a potential for CDM-AR projects. Asia had the largest amount of combined area suitable for CDM-AR at the 10% crown cover threshold level. However, at 30%, South America had the greatest amount of land available, and a large change in available land area, which increased by almost five times compared to what was available at the 10% threshold. The area available in Africa increased by a factor of 5.5. Central America showed the largest increase, to almost 10 times more at the 30% threshold. By contrast, within Asia, the area increase was comparatively less, but still the area nearly doubled. Globally, a low threshold of 10% crown cover excluded almost 2/3 of the land identified that was eligible at 30%, over 5 million km2. The spatial analyses showed not only the effects of the choice of the crown cover criterion, but also where the land was available for CDM activities within each country at different thresholds. Protected areas account for 10-20% of the CDM-AR eligible area in most countries. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, B.V.	Afforestation/Reforestation; Carbon sequestration; CDM-AR; Clean development mechanism; Climate change mitigation; Forest definition; Global spatial analysis; Land suitability modeling; Land use land cover and forestry (LULUCF)	afforestation; clean development mechanism; comparative study; environmental impact assessment; forest cover; reforestation; spatial analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78149497773	Impact of prolonged rainy seasons on food crop production in Cameroon	Yengoh G.T., Tchuinte A., Armah F.A., Odoi J.O.	2010	Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change	15	8	10.1007/s11027-010-9241-2	Department of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, Division of Physical Geography and Ecosystems Analysis, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden; National Service of Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Yaounde, Cameroon; Department of Environmental Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Nature Today, A 25 Standard Estates, Sakumono, Osu, P.O. Box OS 1455, Accra, Ghana	Yengoh, G.T., Department of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, Division of Physical Geography and Ecosystems Analysis, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden; Tchuinte, A., National Service of Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Yaounde, Cameroon; Armah, F.A., Department of Environmental Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Odoi, J.O., Nature Today, A 25 Standard Estates, Sakumono, Osu, P.O. Box OS 1455, Accra, Ghana	This study set out to examine why agricultural production in differing agro-ecological zones of the same country responds differently to a common environmental event (an extension of the rainy season). We find that the heavy reliance of farmers in the drier agro-ecological zones on seasonal cycles make them more vulnerable to an extension of the rainy season than those in regions where rainfall is less relied on. Effects in these vulnerable regions include significant damage to crops as well as a shortage in local markets, which raises prices of basic food commodities. The difference between prices in low and high food producing periods is low for crops that can easily be preserved during rains (such as cassava at 58% from an average of 20% in previous years and yams at 82% from 65%). Crops that depend on sunshine for preservation experience greater differences between low and high periods (maize at 92% from an average of 31% in previous years, sorghum at 180% from 53%, and beans at 68% from 42%). In zones with a history of unreliable dry seasons, farmers are more adapted to coping with an extension of the rainy season and possess technology and skills which can be made available to others in vulnerable zones through inter-regional knowledge transfer of knowledge and skills. This study further reinforces the understanding that isolated climate shocks could be important in understanding and managing vulnerability. Also, vulnerability is quite variable even among communities in the same country, in which people practice the same economic activity and are exposed to the same shock. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Agriculture; Agro-ecological zones; Effects; Rainfall; Seasons; Small-scale farming	commodity; crop damage; crop production; ecological impact; economic analysis; farming system; legume; maize; market system; rainfall; season; sorghum; vulnerability; Cameroon; Manihot esculenta; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887563654	Gamma (γ)-Ray Activity as a Tool for Identification of Hidden Ejecta Deposits Around Impact Crater on Basaltic Target: Example from Lonar Crater, India	Bose T., Misra S., Chakraborty S., Reddy K.	2013	Earth, Moon and Planets	111	42371	10.1007/s11038-013-9422-6	Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, 411008, India; School of Geological Sciences, SAEES, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa; National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, 500007, India	Bose, T., Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, 411008, India; Misra, S., School of Geological Sciences, SAEES, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Chakraborty, S., Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, 411008, India; Reddy, K., National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, 500007, India	Geophysical techniques based on radioactivity measurements are not generally used for exploration of asteroid impact craters. Our studies on the field and laboratory measurements of radioactivity on samples from the Lonar crater, India, show that this technique could be an important method for mapping the distribution of ejecta around the deeply excavated impact craters particularly when these structures are formed on relatively old target rocks/palaeosol. The Lonar ejecta shows ~1.3 times higher γ-ray count rates in the field on average compared to the underlying palaeosol and ~1.9 times higher values over the target basalt while measured by a portable Geiger-Müller pulse counter. The absorbed γ-dose rate (D) of the Lonar samples, computed from 232Th, 238U, and 40K abundances in these samples, also show that the ejecta has distinct bulk dose rates (average ~8.42 nGy h-1) as compared to those of the palaeosol (~18.34 nGy h-1), target basalt (~11.97 nGy h-1), and the impact-melts and spherules (~14 nGy h-1). Therefore, radioactivity mapping of the terrestrial and planetary impact craters by direct methods has importance in mapping ejecta distributions around these structures. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Absorbed γ-dose rate (D); Ejecta; Gamma-radiation; Geiger-Müller pulse counter; Lonar crater; Palaeosol	basalt; crater; ejecta; gamma ray radiation; paleosol; radioactivity; spherule; India; Lonar Crater; Maharashtra; Spherules	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922080297	Contrasting Aerodynamic Morphology and Geochemistry of Impact Spherules from Lonar Crater, India: Some Insights into Their Cooling History	Ray D., Misra S.	2014	Earth, Moon and Planets	114	42371	10.1007/s11038-014-9451-9	PLANEX, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India; Discipline of Geological Sciences, SAEES, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Ray, D., PLANEX, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India; Misra, S., Discipline of Geological Sciences, SAEES, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	The ~50 or 570 ka old Lonar crater, India, was excavated in the Deccan Trap flood basalt of Cretaceous age by the impact of a chondritic asteroid. The impact-spherules known from within the ejecta around this crater are of three types namely aerodynamically shaped sub-mm and mm size spherules, and a sub-mm sized variety of spherule, described as mantled lapilli, having a core consisting of ash-sized grains, shocked basalt and solidified melts surrounded by a rim of ash-sized materials. Although, information is now available on the bulk composition of the sub-mm sized spherules (Misra et al. in Meteorit Planet Sci 7:1001–1018, 2009), almost no idea exists on the latter two varieties. Here, we presented the microprobe data on major oxides and a few trace elements (e.g. Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn) of mm-sized impact spherules in unravelling their petrogenetic evolution. The mm-sized spherules are characterised by homogeneous glassy interior with vesicular margin in contrast to an overall smooth and glassy-texture of the sub-mm sized spherules. Undigested micro-xenocrysts of mainly plagioclase, magnetite and rare clinopyroxene of the target basalt are present only at the marginal parts of the mm-sized spherules. The minor relative enrichment of SiO2 (~3.5 wt% in average) and absence of schlieren structure in these spherules suggest relatively high viscosity of the parent melt droplets of these spherules in comparison to their sub-mm sized counterpart. Chemically homogeneous mm-sized spherule and impact-melt bomb share similar bulk chemical and trace element compositions and show no enrichment in impactor components. The general depletion of Na2O within all the Lonar impactites was resulted due to impact-induced volatilisation effect, and it indicates the solidification temperature of the Lonar impactites close to 1,100 °C. The systematic geochemical variation within the mm-sized spherules (Mg# ~0.38–0.43) could be attributed to various level of mixing between plagioclase-dominated impact melts and ultrafine pyroxene and/or titanomagnetite produced from the target basalt due to impact. Predominance of schlieren and impactor components (mainly Cr, Ni), and nearly absence of vesicles in the sub-mm sized spherules plausibly suggest that these quenched liquid droplets could have produced from the impactor-rich, hotter (~1,100 °C or more) central part of the plume, whereas the morpho-chemistry of the mm-sized spherules induces their formation from the relatively cool outer part of the same impact plume. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Geochemical fractionation; Heterogeneous impact plume; Meteorite geochemistry; mm-Sized impact spherules; Sub-mm sized spherule	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-43149115382	Physiological response of rabbit bucks to dietary fumonisin: Performance, haematology and serum biochemistry	Ewuola E.O., Gbore F.A., Ogunlade J.T., Bandyopadhyay R., Niezen J., Egbunike G.N.	2008	Mycopathologia	165	2	10.1007/s11046-007-9083-y	Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Pathology Unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Ibadan, Nigeria	Ewuola, E.O., Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Gbore, F.A., Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ogunlade, J.T., Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Bandyopadhyay, R., Pathology Unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria; Niezen, J., Pathology Unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Ibadan, Nigeria; Egbunike, G.N., Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Maize grains contaminated with fumonisin, a metabolite of Fusarium verticillioides was incorporated into matured male rabbits' diet to evaluate its effects on performance, haematology and serum biochemistry in rabbits. Thirty individually caged crossbred adult rabbit bucks averaging 1.36 ± 0.01 kg (about 22-24-week-old) were randomly allotted to three treatment diets comprising a control diet (containing 0.35 ± 0.02 mg fumonisin/kg) and two test diets containing 12.30 ± 0.16 and 24.56 ± 0.14 mg fumonisin/kg, constituting treatments 1 (low infection), 2 (medium infection) and 3 (high infection), respectively, in a five-week feeding trial. Results showed that the dry matter intake (DMI) (g/rabbit) at the end of the feeding trial was significantly (P < 0.05) influenced. The DMI declined with increasing dietary fumonisin by a significant 80% and 95% (P < 0.05) for high and medium levels of dietary fumonisin, respectively, relative to the mean weekly DMI of 609.93 ± 45.08 g by rabbits fed diet with low level of fumonisin. The weekly weight gain tended to decrease with increased dietary fumonisin levels, while the haematological and serum biochemical components examined, were not statistically influenced among the diets when fed to male rabbits for a period of 5 weeks. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Bucks; Fumonisin; Haematology; Physiological response; Serum biochemistry	fumonisin; plasma protein; animal; article; blood examination; body weight; dose response; drug effect; eating; male; metabolism; rabbit; randomization; weight gain; Animals; Blood Proteins; Body Weight; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Eating; Fumonisins; Hematologic Tests; Male; Rabbits; Random Allocation; Weight Gain; Fusarium; Gibberella moniliformis; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883177457	Supported 3-D Pt nanostructures: The straightforward synthesis and enhanced electrochemical performance for methanol oxidation in an acidic medium	Li Z., Ji S., Pollet B.G., Shen P.K.	2013	Journal of Nanoparticle Research	15	10	10.1007/s11051-013-1959-9	State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry (SAIAMC), University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa	Li, Z., State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Ji, S., South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry (SAIAMC), University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; Pollet, B.G., South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry (SAIAMC), University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; Shen, P.K., State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China	Noble metal nanostructures with branched morphologies [i.e., 3-D Pt nanoflowers (NFs)] by tri-dimensionally integrating onto conductive carbon materials are proved to be an efficient and durable electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation. The well-supported 3-D Pt NFs are readily achieved by an efficient cobalt-induced/carbon-mediated galvanic reaction approach. Due to the favorable nanostructures (3-D Pt configuration allowing a facile mass transfer) and supporting effects (including framework stabilization, spatially separate feature, and improved charge transport effects), these 3-D Pt NFs manifest much higher electrocatalytic activity and stability toward methanol oxidation than that of the commercial Pt/C and Pt-based electrocatalysts. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	3-D Pt nanoflowers; Branched morphologies; Fuel cells; Methanol oxidation; Supported electrocatalyst	Conductive carbon; Electrocatalytic activity and stability; Electrochemical performance; Metal nanostructure; Methanol Oxidation; Pt-based electrocatalyst; Supported electrocatalysts; Supporting effect; Conductive materials; Electrocatalysts; Fuel cells; Methanol; Morphology; Oxidation; Platinum; Platinum alloys; Stabilization; Synthesis (chemical); Nanoflowers; carbon; cobalt; methanol; nanomaterial; platinum; article; electrochemical analysis; electrochemistry; molecular stability; morphology; nanocatalyst; oxidation; priority journal; synthesis; transmission electron microscopy; X ray powder diffraction	U1034003, NSFC, National Natural Science Foundation of China; 21073241, NSFC, National Natural Science Foundation of China
Scopus	2-s2.0-33750897390	Performance of eight tree species in the highland Vertisols of central Ethiopia: Growth, foliage nutrient concentration and effect on soil chemical properties	Mekonnen K., Yohannes T., Glatzel G., Amha Y.	2006	New Forests	32	3	10.1007/s11056-006-9003-x	Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Peter-JordanStrasse 82, A-1190, Vienna, Austria; Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization (EARO), P.O. Box 2003, Holetta, Ethiopia	Mekonnen, K., Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Peter-JordanStrasse 82, A-1190, Vienna, Austria; Yohannes, T., Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization (EARO), P.O. Box 2003, Holetta, Ethiopia; Glatzel, G., Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Peter-JordanStrasse 82, A-1190, Vienna, Austria; Amha, Y., Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization (EARO), P.O. Box 2003, Holetta, Ethiopia	The coverage of trees in the highland Vertisol areas of Ethiopia is very scarce. A tree screening trial was conducted from 1997 to 2002 in Ginchi (central Ethiopia) to select fast growing and high biomass producing tree species; evaluate foliage macronutrient concentration of different tree species; and assess effects of trees on soil chemical properties beneath their canopies. Acacia decurrens Willd, A. mearnsii De Wild and Eucalyptus globulus Labill attained the highest height growth at 64 months as compared to other indigenous and exotic species. E. globulus provided better height increment from 24 to 36 and 36 to 64 months than other tree and shrub species. Acacia mearnssi and A. saligna Labill Wendl produced high biomass at 40 and 64 months. Differences between the highest and lowest dry biomass at 12, 40 and 64 months were 1.13, 29.19 and 38.89 kg tree -1, respectively. None of the tree species resulted in a foliage to stem biomass ratio of &gt;0.98 at 40 and 64 months. Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr had high N and P concentrations in its foliages and stems at 12 and 40 months. Total N under Acacia abyssinica Hochst. Ex Benth, A. saligna and S. sesban was slightly greater at 40 months than 12 months. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.	Available P; Biomass; Foliage and soil N; Foliage to stem ratio; Height	Biomass; Nutrition; Available P; Foliage and soil N; Foliage to stem ratio; Forestry; foliage; growth rate; height; nutrient availability; soil property; tree; upland region; Vertisol; Biomass; Height; Nutrition; Trees; Africa; East Africa; Ethiopia; Ginchi; Sub-Saharan Africa; Acacia; Acacia abyssinica; Acacia decurrens; Acacia mearnsii; Acacia saligna; Eucalyptus; Eucalyptus globulus; Sesbania sesban	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939994772	Kolaviron, a Garcinia kola Biflavonoid Complex, Protects Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: Pertinent Mechanistic Insights from Biochemical and Physical Evaluations in Rat Brain	Akinmoladun A.C., Akinrinola B.L., Olaleye M.T., Farombi E.O.	2015	Neurochemical Research	40	4	10.1007/s11064-015-1527-z	Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, School of Sciences, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ciencias Biologicas-biofisica, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chag	Akinmoladun, A.C., Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, School of Sciences, Akure, Nigeria, Ciencias Biologicas-biofisica, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Bloco G, Cidade Universitaria, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Akinrinola, B.L., Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, School of Sciences, Akure, Nigeria; Olaleye, M.T., Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, School of Sciences, Akure, Nigeria; Farombi, E.O., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The pathophysiology of stroke is characterized by biochemical and physical alterations in the brain. Modulation of such aberrations by therapeutic agents affords insights into their mechanism of action. Incontrovertible evidences that oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of neurologic disorders have brought antioxidative compounds, especially plant phytochemicals, under increasing focus as potential remedies for the prevention and management of neurodegenerative diseases. Kolaviron, a biflavonoid complex isolated from Garciniakola Heckel (Guttiferae) was evaluated for neuroprotectivity in brains of male Wistar rats submitted to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion-induced global ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R). Animals were divided into six groups: sham treated, vehicle (I/R), 50 mg/kg kolaviron + I/R, 100 mg/kg kolaviron + I/R, 200 mg/kg kolaviron + I/R and quercetin (20 mg/kg i.p.) + I/R. The common carotid arteries were occluded for 30 min followed by 2 h of reperfusion. Relative brain weight and brain water content were determined and oxidative stress and neurochemical markers were also evaluated. I/R caused significant decreases in glutathione level and the activities of enzymic antioxidants, the sodium pump and acetylcholinesterase while significant increases were recorded in relative brain weight, brain water content, lipid peroxidation and the activities of glutamine synthetase and myeloperoxidase. There was a remarkable ablation of I/R induced oxidative stress, neurochemical aberrations and brain edema in animals pretreated with kolaviron. The results suggested that the protection afforded by kolaviron probably involved regulation of redox and electrolyte homeostasis as well as anti-inflammatory and antiexcitotoxic mechanisms. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Global cerebral ischemia; Kolaviron; Neuroprotection; Phytochemicals; Stroke	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867229395	Sea erosion at Ada Foah: Assessment of impacts and proposed mitigation measures	Kusimi J.M., Dika J.L.	2012	Natural Hazards	64	2	10.1007/s11069-012-0216-3	Department of Geography and Resource Development, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana	Kusimi, J.M., Department of Geography and Resource Development, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Dika, J.L., Department of Geography and Resource Development, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana	Sea erosion is a serious threat to life and property in coastal towns. The coastline of Ada Foah has been facing sea erosion and occasional flooding for several decades. This research investigated the socio-economic and environmental impacts of these geomorphic processes using social survey methods of data collection and shoreline change analysis. The main research tools used include questionnaire survey, interviews and Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) 4. 2 software using extracted shorelines of 1926 ground survey sheet and 2008 Landsat ETM+ image to determine shoreline change between the periods. The research identified some environmental and socio-economic impacts of the sea erosion on the coastal community, and these include the destruction of coastal ecosystems and infrastructure such as offices of institutions, school blocks and roads. The ramifications of these problems include homelessness, unemployment and poverty, which compel victims to migrate. Results of shoreline change analysis indicate that, the Ada Foah shoreline has been receding since 1926 to date with a mean change in shoreline of 280. 49 m and an average annual rate of 3. 46 m/year. To protect the coastline from the battering sea, a sea defence project, comprising sand nourishment and the construction of groynes, is being undertaken. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Ada Foah; Coastal mapping; Sea erosion; Shoreline change analysis; Shoreline recession	coastal erosion; environmental impact; flooding; groin; Landsat thematic mapper; mapping; mitigation; shoreline change; socioeconomic impact; Ada Foah; Ghana; Greater Accra	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919572776	Use of ground-penetrating radar for construction monitoring and evaluation of perpetual pavements	Li J., Walubita L.F., Simate G.S., Alvarez A.E., Liu W.	2015	Natural Hazards	75	1	10.1007/s11069-014-1314-1	Changsha University of Science and Technology (CUST), Changsha, Hunan, China; TTI, PVAMU - The Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX, United States; School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia; TTI, College Station, TX, United States	Li, J., Changsha University of Science and Technology (CUST), Changsha, Hunan, China, TTI, College Station, TX, United States; Walubita, L.F., TTI, PVAMU - The Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX, United States; Simate, G.S., School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Alvarez, A.E., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia; Liu, W., TTI, College Station, TX, United States	The inherent quality of perpetual pavement (PP) governs its performance, which consequently influences the frequency and level of the potential accidents during the whole service life.This paper presents the ground-penetrating radar (GPR) as a nondestructive testing (NDT) tool that was utilized for construction monitoring and evaluation of Texas (USA) perpetual pavements. The currently existing Texas PP sections typically consist of hot-mix asphalt layers of over 350-mm total thickness supported on a 200-mm-thick treated (6 % lime or 2 % cement) base, which is resting on a well-compacted in situ subgrade soil. Overall, the results indicate that the GPR has great potential as an effective NDT tool for aiding with the construction quality monitoring, forensic investigations, and structural/performance evaluation of PP structures. In particular, the GPR is useful in determining pavement layer thicknesses, assessing compaction uniformity, locating areas of moisture retention, identifying low-density spots and localized high voided areas, indicative assessment of vertical segregation and debonding, and quality assessment of construction joints. Additionally, the current GPR system has the advantage of rapidly and continuously collecting pavement data up to a depth of 610 mm, together with integrated video images and a GPS system, over any desired highway length while traveling at a nominal speed of about 113 km/h without disturbing conventional traffic. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Accidents; Construction; Density; Ground-penetrating radar; Moisture; Perpetual pavement	None	FHWA, Federal Highway Administration
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925538558	Increased frequency of flash floods in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia: Change in rainfall intensity or human impact?	Billi P., Alemu Y.T., Ciampalini R.	2015	Natural Hazards	76	2	10.1007/s11069-014-1554-0	Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Via G. Saragat 1, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Geography, University of Dire Dawa, P.O. Box 1362, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Cardiff, Park Place, Cardiff, United Kingdom	Billi, P., Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Via G. Saragat 1, Ferrara, Italy; Alemu, Y.T., Department of Geography, University of Dire Dawa, P.O. Box 1362, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Ciampalini, R., School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Cardiff, Park Place, Cardiff, United Kingdom	In the first decade of the twenty-first century, Ethiopia has been subjected to an increased frequency of flash floods, especially in the town of Dire Dawa. The results of international organizations studies point to no evidence of a climate-driven change in the magnitude/frequency of floods, though increases in runoff and risk of floods in East Africa are expected. Flash floods are posing constraints to the economic growth and the development process of a low-income country such as Ethiopia, and, in order to mitigate such hazard, it is crucial to understand the relative roles of two main factors: rainfall intensity and land use change. This study analyses the recent trends of rainfall intensity across Ethiopia and investigates the relative role of rainfall intensity and land use change in augmenting the frequency of flash flooding of the town of Dire Dawa by the Dechatu River. Results indicate that the increase in rainfall intensity is a more important factor than land use change in controlling the increased frequency of flash flood in Dire Dawa. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Climate change; Ethiopia; Flash flood; Land use change; Rainfall intensity	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938965677	Monitoring sea level rise-induced hazards along the coast of Accra in Ghana	Appeaning Addo K.	2015	Natural Hazards	78	2	10.1007/s11069-015-1771-1	Department of Marine and Fisheries Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box Lg 99, Legon, Ghana	Appeaning Addo, K., Department of Marine and Fisheries Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box Lg 99, Legon, Ghana	Sea level rise, increased erosion and flooding threaten vulnerable coastal communities globally. Monitoring the changes in the coastal zone enables the risk levels to be detected and quantified. Such information facilitates developing sustainable policies to effectively manage hazards in the coastal zone. This study used available geospatial data to assess the physical state of the Accra coast and established ground control points that will facilitate effective monitoring of change. The data used included a bathymetric map (hard copy) with last revision in 1992, digital topographic map (2002) of the coast, 2005 orthophoto map and the geology map of Accra. The reliability of the data was determined, and the data were analysed using GIS tool. Ten concrete ground control points were established, mapped using DGPS and connected to the Ghana national coordinate system to form a network for effective monitoring in the coastal zone. The results revealed that the western region of the Accra coast has lower elevations onshore which will facilitate inundation from sea level rise. Comparing nearshore bathymetric profiles indicates that the eastern coast is deeper relative to the central and western. This will enable waves to break closer to the coast under increasing sea level rise thereby dissipating energy to facilitate sediment transport. Computed potential sediment transport rate revealed that the rate ranges between 4.1 × 105 and 7.2 × 105 m3/year. Using the control points established as reference points to monitor the coastal system will enable changes that can result in hazard to be detected and quantified. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Accra coast; Coastal erosion; Coastal hazards; Coastal monitoring; Sea level rise; Vulnerability	coastal zone; hazard assessment; monitoring; sea level change; sediment transport; vulnerability; Accra; Ghana; Greater Accra	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855292781	In-vitro evaluation of antioxidant potential of Rauwolfia vomitoria root extract and its inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation as indication of aphrodisiac properties	Okolie N.P., Israel E.E.J., Falodun A.	2011	Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal	45	8	10.1007/s11094-011-0660-5	Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Edo State, Nigeria	Okolie, N.P., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Israel, E.E.J., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Falodun, A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Edo State, Nigeria	Rauwolfia vomitoria (RV) Afzel (Apocynaceae) is a medicinal plant used in traditional medicinal practice for the treatment of hypertension. This research is devoted to phytochemical constituents, in particular, some specific alkaloids present in the RV root extract. The phytochemical evaluation revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and flavonoids in this extract. The antioxidant activity of the RV root extract was also evaluated in a series of in vitro assays involving free radicals. The extract exhibited significant hydrogen peroxide scavenging effect relative to ascorbic acid (p &lt; 0.05, IC 50 = 98 μg/ml), nitric oxide scavenging effect (50.37 ± 0.4% after 150 min), and metal chelating activity (89.08 ± 2.62%). In addition, it exhibited significant ferric reducing power relative to ascorbic acid (p &lt; 0.05). The total content of phenolic substances was 233.3 ± 2.9 mg/g. The extract was also studied for its inhibitory capacity on lipid peroxidation as a possible mechanism of its aphrodisiac effect, by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in various male-cow tissues incubated in a 5% solution of the RV root extract, distilled water, and antioxidant vitamins C and E upon keeping the samples frozen for 35 days. Tissues incubated in the test solution had lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) compared to those in the samples incubated in distilled water. Results obtained from this study indicate that the RV root extract can be a potential source of natural antioxidants. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.	Antioxidant; lipid peroxidation (LPO); malondialdehyde (MDA)	alkaloid derivative; alpha tocopherol; aphrodisiac agent; ascorbic acid; benzylisoquinoline derivative; flavonoid; free radical; hydrogen peroxide; indole alkaloid; malonaldehyde; Rauwolfia extract; Rauwolfia vomitoria extract; saponin derivative; tannin derivative; thiobarbituric acid reactive substance; tropane alkaloid; unclassified drug; animal tissue; antioxidant activity; article; bull (bovine); chelation; in vitro study; lipid peroxidation; male; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant root; Rauwolfia; rauwolfia vomitoria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-32244447844	Evaluation of human liver slices and reporter gene assays as systems for predicting the cytochrome P450 induction potential of drugs in vivo in humans	Persson K.P., Ekehed S., Otter C., Lutz E.S.M., McPheat J., Masimirembwa C.M., Andersson T.B.	2006	Pharmaceutical Research	23	1	10.1007/s11095-005-8812-5	DMPK and Bioanalytical Chemistry, AstraZeneca R and D Mölndal, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; Molecular Pharmacology, AstraZeneca R and D Mölndal, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden; Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; African Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, P.O. Box 2294, Harare, Zimbabwe	Persson, K.P., DMPK and Bioanalytical Chemistry, AstraZeneca R and D Mölndal, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; Ekehed, S., DMPK and Bioanalytical Chemistry, AstraZeneca R and D Mölndal, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden; Otter, C., Molecular Pharmacology, AstraZeneca R and D Mölndal, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden; Lutz, E.S.M., DMPK and Bioanalytical Chemistry, AstraZeneca R and D Mölndal, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden; McPheat, J., Molecular Pharmacology, AstraZeneca R and D Mölndal, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden; Masimirembwa, C.M., DMPK and Bioanalytical Chemistry, AstraZeneca R and D Mölndal, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden, African Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, P.O. Box 2294, Harare, Zimbabwe; Andersson, T.B., DMPK and Bioanalytical Chemistry, AstraZeneca R and D Mölndal, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden	Purpose. The aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility of predicting human in vivo cytochrome P450 (CYP) induction properties of drugs using in vitro methods. Methods. The CYP induction potential of compounds was tested in human liver slices and in reporter gene assays for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and the pregnane X receptor (PXR). Results. In human liver slices, CYP activities decreased dramatically over the experimental period, whereas mRNA levels could reliably be used to investigate CYP1A, 2C9, and 3A4 induction. However, the interindividual variations and demanding experimentation limit the use of liver slices in screening programs. Reporter gene assays are robust and reliable assays, amenable to high throughput screening. Several compounds activated AhR. The relevance of this activation, however, needs to be further investigated since there are no clear reports on drugs inducing CYP1A in vivo. The results from the PXR assay could be used to correctly classify compounds with known CYP3A induction properties when relating in vivo AUCtot to PXR EC50 values. Conclusions. Liver slices are a valuable model to study the regulation of a larger number of enzymes by single compounds. The PXR reporter gene assay could be used as a reliable screening method to predict CYP3A induction in vivo. © 2006 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.	AhR; CYP induction; Human liver slices; In vitro-in vivo correlation; PXR; Reporter gene assay	2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo para dioxin; aromatic hydrocarbon receptor; betamethasone; carbamazepine; cimetidine; clotrimazole; cytochrome P450 1A; cytochrome P450 2C9; cytochrome P450 3A; cytochrome P450 3A4; dexamethasone; diazepam; diclofenac; hyperforin; indometacin; lansoprazole; messenger RNA; mevinolin; naproxen; omeprazole; pantoprazole; paracetamol; phenobarbital; phenytoin; pregnane X receptor; primaquine; rifampicin; troglitazone; unindexed drug; warfarin; adult; aged; area under the curve; article; assay; clinical article; controlled study; enzyme regulation; experimentation; female; high throughput screening; human; human cell; human tissue; in vitro study; in vivo study; liver slice; male; prediction; priority journal; protein induction; reporter gene; screening; Aged; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Enzyme Induction; Evaluation Studies; Female; Genes, Reporter; Humans; Liver; Male; Middle Aged; Organ Culture Techniques; Plant Preparations; Predictive Value of Tests; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; Receptors, Steroid; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84895421212	In vitro, in vivo, and in Silico evaluation of the bioresponsive behavior of an intelligent intraocular implant	Du Toit L.C., Carmichael T., Govender T., Kumar P., Choonara Y.E., Pillay V.	2014	Pharmaceutical Research	31	3	10.1007/s11095-013-1184-3	Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road Parktown, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road Parktown, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu, Natal University Road Westville, 4000 Durban, South Africa	Du Toit, L.C., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road Parktown, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa; Carmichael, T., Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road Parktown, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa; Govender, T., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu, Natal University Road Westville, 4000 Durban, South Africa; Kumar, P., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road Parktown, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa; Choonara, Y.E., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road Parktown, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa; Pillay, V., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road Parktown, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa	Purpose: An autofeedback complex polymeric platform was used in the design of an intelligent intraocular implant - the I3 - using stimuli-responsive polymers, producing a smart release system capable of delivering therapeutic levels of an anti-inflammatory agent (indomethacin) and antibiotic (ciprofloxacin) for posterior segment disorders of the eye in response to inflammation. Methods: Physicochemical and physicomechanical analysis of the I3 was undertaken to explicate the highly crosslinked make-up and 'on-off' inflammation-responsive performance of the I3. In addition, energetic profiles for important complexation reactions were generated using Molecular Mechanics Energy Relationships by exploring the spatial disposition of energy minimized molecular structures. Furthermore, preliminary in vivo determination of the inflammation-responsiveness of the I3 was ascertained following implantation in the normal and inflamed rabbit eye. Results: In silico modeling simulating a pathological inflammatory intraocular state highlighted the interaction potential of hydroxyl radicals with the selected polysaccharides comprising the I3. The intricately crosslinked polymeric system forming the I3 thus responded at an innate level predicted by its molecular make-up to inflammatory conditions as indicated by the results of the drug release studies, rheological analysis, magnetic resonance imaging and scanning electron microscopic imaging. In vivo drug release analysis demonstrated indomethacin levels of 0.749 ± 0.126 μg/mL and 1.168 ± 0.186 μg/mL, and ciprofloxacin levels of 1.181 ± 0.150 μg/mL and 6.653 ± 0.605 μg/mL in the normal and inflamed eye, respectively. Conclusions: Extensive in vitro, molecular, and in vivo characterization therefore highlighted successful inflammation- responsiveness of the I3. The I3 is a proposed step forward from other described ocular systems owing to its combined bioresponsive, nano-enabled architecture. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.	in vivo test; inflammation; intraocular implant; molecular modeling; physicochemical properties; physicomechanical properties; stimulus-responsive	ciprofloxacin; hydroxyl radical; indometacin; polymer; polysaccharide; animal experiment; animal model; article; blood rheology; chemical structure; computer model; controlled study; cross linking; differential scanning calorimetry; drug release; energy; eye inflammation; in vitro study; in vivo study; infrared spectroscopy; intelligent intraocular implant; lens implant; molecular mechanics; molecular model; nonhuman; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; oscillation; physical chemistry; posterior eye segment; priority journal; rabbit; scanning electron microscopy; thermal analysis; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Computer Simulation; Drug Delivery Systems; Eye; Eye, Artificial; Indomethacin; Inflammation; Polymers; Polysaccharides; Rabbits	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930182018	In vitro, ex vivo and in silico mechanistic elucidation of the performance of an optimized porosity-controlled multi-elemental transbuccal system	Adeleke O.A., Choonara Y.E., Du Toit L.C., Kumar P., Pillay V.	2015	Pharmaceutical Research	32	7	10.1007/s11095-015-1631-4	Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa	Adeleke, O.A., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Choonara, Y.E., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Du Toit, L.C., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Kumar, P., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Pillay, V., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa	Purpose: To elucidate the mechanisms of construction and performance of a porosity controlled, multi-elemental transbuccal system employing experimental and computational approaches. Methods: The production of the formulation was guided through a Box-Benkhen design employing homogenization coupled with lyophilization. The physicochemical and physicomechanical properties of the experimental design formulations were quantified with relevant analytical techniques. The influence of changes in porosity measures on the magnitude of these physical properties were explored mathematically. Furthermore, experimental outputs from the Box-Behnken design formulations were fitted into set limits and optimized using the response surface method. The optimized porosity-controlled formulation was subjected to mechanistic experimental and computational elucidations. Results: In general, the changes in magnitudes of studied porosity quantities had significant impact on formulation physicochemical and physicomechanical properties. The generation of an optimized formulation validated the stability and accuracy of the Box-Behnken experimental design. Experimental investigations revealed that the construction of this formulation is as a result of non-destructive physical interactions amongst its make-up compounds while its mechanism of performance is anchored mainly upon a gradual collapse of its ordered porous structure. Furthermore, the molecule mechanics simulations quantitatively predicted the molecular interactions inherent to multicomponent matrix formation and the mucoadhesion mechanism. Conclusions: The fabrication and performance mechanisms of the porosity-controlled transbuccal system was successfully explored. © 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Computational modeling; Experimental analyses; Mechanisms of construction and performance; Porosity-controlled; Transbuccal system	alcohol; phenytoin; polymer; water; animal tissue; Article; cheek mucosa; computer model; differential scanning calorimetry; drug delivery system; drug formulation; drug penetration; drug release; ex vivo study; flow kinetics; freeze drying; hydration; in vitro study; infrared spectrophotometry; molecular interaction; nonhuman; pig; porosity; porosity controlled drug delivery system; priority journal; quantum mechanics; scanning electron microscopy; statistical model; temperature; thermal analysis; thermogravimetry; transbuccal drug delivery system	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901392107	Impact of generic substitution practice on care of diabetic patients	Oyetunde O.O., Aina B.A., Tayo F.	2014	International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy	36	3	10.1007/s11096-014-9946-5	Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Oyetunde, O.O., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Aina, B.A., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Tayo, F., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Background: Patients with chronic diseases like type II diabetes mellitus often have their prescriptions substituted with generic medicines in the course of care to save costs of medicines and to improve access. There is need to assess impact of this practice on patient care. Objective: To assess patient's knowledge of generic substitution practice and its impact on patient care. Setting An outpatient diabetic clinic of a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Method: The study is a cross sectional survey of patients attending a diabetic clinic. A structured questionnaire was used to interview willing patients. A total of 120 patients were enrolled for the study, but only 102 responded (85 % overall response rate). Main outcome measures: Patients' knowledge of generic substitution practice, patients' report of abstaining from drug use, experiences of more side effects and patients' confusion. Results: Over half (57.8 %) of surveyed patients (n = 59) had noticed brand switches, out of which, 30.5 % experienced brand switches more than 3 times within a year. More than a third of the respondents (38.6 %) did not know when pharmacists actually substituted their medicines. About one in five (19.6 %) patients did not use their medicines after substitution because they were not sure of the brand supplied but 35.6 % have rejected substitution at one time and insisted on doctors' prescription. Respondents (14.9 %) agreed that brand substitution resulted in confusion while 24 % reported receiving brands that resulted in more side effects. More respondents (58.6 %) indicated that they never had a discussion with their pharmacists about the reasons for generic substitution and switches. Conclusion: Generic substitution without adequate information resulted in confusion and subsequent lack of adherence. There is the vital need for appropriate policy and guidelines for generic substitution in Nigeria. © 2014 Koninklijke Nederlandse Maatschappij ter bevordering der Pharmacie.	Diabetes mellitus; Generic substitution; Generics; Nigeria; Patient care	antidiabetic agent; counterfeit drug; generic drug; metformin; antidiabetic agent; adult; aged; article; confusion (uncertainty); cross-sectional study; diabetic patient; drug dose regimen; drug efficacy; drug safety; drug treatment failure; drug use; fear; female; health care policy; human; knowledge; major clinical study; male; medical practice; Nigeria; outcome assessment; outpatient; patient attitude; patient care; patient preference; personal experience; pharmacist; practice guideline; prescription; priority journal; structured interview; structured questionnaire; tertiary care center; very elderly; attitude to health; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; drug substitution; educational status; middle aged; organization and management; outpatient department; patient education; pharmacy; psychology; statistics and numerical data; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Community Pharmacy Services; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Substitution; Educational Status; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; Patient Education as Topic	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-21244483602	Long-term integrated soil fertility management in South-western Nigeria: Crop performance and impact on the soil fertility status	Vanlauwe B., Diels J., Sanginga N., Merckx R.	2005	Plant and Soil	273	02-Jan	10.1007/s11104-005-0194-2	Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of CIAT, PO Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria; C/o L.W. Lambourn and Co., 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Laboratory of Soil and Water Management, Department of Land Management, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium	Vanlauwe, B., Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of CIAT, PO Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya; Diels, J., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria, C/o L.W. Lambourn and Co., 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Sanginga, N., Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of CIAT, PO Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya; Merckx, R., Laboratory of Soil and Water Management, Department of Land Management, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium	Crop response, tree biomass production and changes in soil fertility characteristics were monitored in a long-term (1986-2002) alley-cropping trial in Ibadan, Nigeria. The systems included two alley cropping systems with Leucaena leucocephala and Senna siamea on the one hand and a control (no-trees) system on the other hand, all cropped annually with a maize-cowpea rotation. All systems had a plus and minus fertilizer treatment. Over the years, the annual biomass return through tree prunings declined steadily, but more drastically for Leucaena than for Senna. In 2002, the nitrogen contribution from Leucaena residues stabilized at about 200 kg N/ha/year, while the corresponding value for Senna was about 160 kg N/ha/year. On average, the four Leucaena prunings were more equal in biomass as well as in amounts of N, P and cations, while the first Sennapruning was always contributing up to 60% of the annual biomass or nutrient return. Maize crop yields declined steadily in all treatments, but the least so in the Senna + fertilizer treatment where in 2002 still 2.2 tonnes/ha of maize were obtained. Nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency was usually higher in the Senna treatment compared to the control or the Leucaena treatment. Added benefits due to the combined use of fertilizer N and organic matter additions were observed only for the Sennatreatment and only in the last 6 years. At all other times, they remained absent or were even negative in the Leucaenatreatments for the first 3 years. Most chemical soil fertility parameters decreased in all the treatments, but less so in the alley cropping systems. The presence of trees had a positive effect on remaining carbon stocks, while they were reduced compared to the 1986 data. Trees had a positive effect on the maintenance of exchangeable cations in the top soil. Exchangeable Ca, Mg and K - and hence ECEC - were only slightly reduced after 16 years of cropping in the tree-based systems, and even increased in the Senna treatments. In the control treatments, values for all these parameters reduced to 50% or less of the original values after 16 years. All the above points to the Senna-based alley system with fertilizers as the more resilient one. This is reflected in all soil fertility parameters, in added benefits due to the combined use of fertilizer nitrogen and organic residue application and in a more stable maize yield over the years, averaging 2.8 tonnes/ha with maximal deviations from the average not exceeding 21%. © Springer 2005.	Added benefits; Alley cropping; Leucaena leucocephala; Maize; Nitrogen use efficiency; Senna siamea	alley cropping; biomass; crop performance; fertilizer application; soil fertility; Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; Ibadan; Nigeria; Oyo; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; World; Leucaena; Leucaena leucocephala; Senna; Senna siamea; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-14644414253	Persistence and impact on microorganisms of Bacillus thuringiensis proteins in some Zimbabwean soils	Muchaonyerwa P., Waladde S., Nyamugafata P., Mpepereki S., Ristori G.G.	2005	Plant and Soil	266	42371	10.1007/s11104-005-5979-9	Dept. of Soil Sci. and Agric. Eng., University of Zimbabwe, Box MP 167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Zoology, University of Fort Hare, 5700 Alice, South Africa; Istituto Genesi Ecologia Suolo, CNR Firenze, Italy	Muchaonyerwa, P., Dept. of Soil Sci. and Agric. Eng., University of Zimbabwe, Box MP 167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe, Department of Zoology, University of Fort Hare, 5700 Alice, South Africa; Waladde, S., Department of Zoology, University of Fort Hare, 5700 Alice, South Africa; Nyamugafata, P., Dept. of Soil Sci. and Agric. Eng., University of Zimbabwe, Box MP 167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mpepereki, S., Dept. of Soil Sci. and Agric. Eng., University of Zimbabwe, Box MP 167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Ristori, G.G., Istituto Genesi Ecologia Suolo, CNR Firenze, Italy	The persistence of the Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Btk) toxin (Cry1Ab protein) from Bt maize (MON810, Yieldgard®) residues incorporated in a vertisol (739 g clay kg-1) was investigated. The maize residues were incubated in the soil for 4 weeks, and activity of the toxin in the residues was bioassayed using larvae of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae). Corrected mortality of P. xylostella in the bioassays decreased from 76% to 30% in less than a week of incubation in the soil. In addition to the above observations, the effects of Btk, Bt subsp. israelensis (Bti), and Bt subsp. tenebrionis (Btt) proteins on the soil microbiota were examined using a vertisol, an alfisol, and an oxisol. The pre-incubated soils (7 days after moisture adjustment) were treated with crystal proteins of Btk, Bti, and Btt and incubated for further a 7-day period. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and counts of culturable bacteria and fungi were determined. The proteins did not show effects on MBC or bacterial and fungal counts, possibly as a result of adsorption of the proteins on soil particles, which could have rendered the proteins inaccessible for microbial utilization. Microbial biomass carbon and counts arranged in decreasing order were vertisol&gt;oxisol&gt;alfisol, similar to the amounts of organic C and clay in the soils. However, bacteria and fungi counts were higher in the vertisol than in the alfisol and the oxisol soils. Our observations suggest that larvicidal proteins produced by different subspecies of Bt and Bt maize could persist in tropical soils as a result of adsorption on soil clays but that there were no observable effect on the soil microbiota. © 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers.	Bacillus thuringiensis; Bioassays; Crystal proteins; Microorganisms; Persistence; Plutella xylostella	ecological impact; genetically modified organism; maize; persistence; protein; soil microorganism; Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; World; Zimbabwe; Bacillus thuringiensis; Bacillus thuringiensis serovar kurstaki; Bacteria (microorganisms); Fungi; Lepidoptera; Microbiota; Plutella xylostella; Yponomeutidae; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871258311	Genetic diversity of indigenous Bradyrhizobium nodulating promiscuous soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.] varieties in Kenya: Impact of phosphorus and lime fertilization in two contrasting sites	Wasike V.W., Lesueur D., Wachira F.N., Mungai N.W., Mumera L.M., Sanginga N., Mburu H.N., Mugadi D., Wango P., Vanlauwe B.	2009	Plant and Soil	322	1	10.1007/s11104-009-9902-7	Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI), P.O. Box 57811-00200, Nairobi, Kenya; Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Inst. of the Inter. Cent. for Tropical Agri. (TSBF-CIAT), United Nations Avenue, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Crops Horticulture and Soils, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Njoro, Kenya; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton, Kenya; CIRAD, PERSYST Department, UPR Ecosystems of Plantations, Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Inst. of the Inter. Cen. for Tropical Agri. (TSBF-CIAT), United Nations Avenue, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya	Wasike, V.W., Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI), P.O. Box 57811-00200, Nairobi, Kenya, Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Inst. of the Inter. Cent. for Tropical Agri. (TSBF-CIAT), United Nations Avenue, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya, Department of Crops Horticulture and Soils, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Njoro, Kenya; Lesueur, D., CIRAD, PERSYST Department, UPR Ecosystems of Plantations, Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Inst. of the Inter. Cen. for Tropical Agri. (TSBF-CIAT), United Nations Avenue, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya; Wachira, F.N., Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton, Kenya; Mungai, N.W., Department of Crops Horticulture and Soils, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Njoro, Kenya; Mumera, L.M., Department of Crops Horticulture and Soils, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Njoro, Kenya; Sanginga, N., Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Inst. of the Inter. Cent. for Tropical Agri. (TSBF-CIAT), United Nations Avenue, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya; Mburu, H.N., Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Inst. of the Inter. Cent. for Tropical Agri. (TSBF-CIAT), United Nations Avenue, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya; Mugadi, D., Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Inst. of the Inter. Cent. for Tropical Agri. (TSBF-CIAT), United Nations Avenue, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya; Wango, P., Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Inst. of the Inter. Cent. for Tropical Agri. (TSBF-CIAT), United Nations Avenue, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya; Vanlauwe, B., Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Inst. of the Inter. Cent. for Tropical Agri. (TSBF-CIAT), United Nations Avenue, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya	While soybean is an exotic crop introduced in Kenya early last century, promiscuous (TGx) varieties which nodulate with indigenous rhizobia have only recently been introduced. Since farmers in Kenya generally cannot afford or access fertilizer or inoculants, the identification of effective indigenous Bradyrhizobium strains which nodulate promiscuous soybean could be useful in the development of inoculant strains. Genetic diversity and phylogeny of indigenous Bradyrhizobium strains nodulating seven introduced promiscuous soybean varieties grown in two different sites in Kenya was assayed using the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. PCR-RFLP analysis directly applied on 289 nodules using Msp I distinguished 18 intergenic spacer groups (IGS) I-XVIII. Predominant IGS groups were I, III, II, IV and VI which constituted 43.9%, 24.6%, 8.3% 7.6% and 6.9% respectively of all the analyzed nodules from the two sites while IGS group VII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIV, XVI, XVII, XVIII each constituted 1% or less. The IGS groups were specific to sites and treatments but not varieties. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that all indigenous strains belong to the genus Bradyrhizobium. Bradyrhizobium elkanii, Bradyrhizobium spp and Bradyrhizobium japonicum related strains were the most predominant and accounted for 37.9%, 34.5%, and 20.7% respectively while B. yuanmigense related accounted for 6.9% of all strains identified in the two combined sites. The diversity identified in Bradyrhizobium populations in the two sites represent a valuable genetic resource that has potential utility for the selection of more competitive and effective strains to improve biological nitrogen fixation and thus increase soybean yields at low cost. © Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2009.	Agro-ecological zones; Genetic diversity; Polymerase chain reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphism; Promiscuous soybean	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866512350	The performance of DGT versus conventional soil phosphorus tests in tropical soils - An isotope dilution study	Six L., Pypers P., Degryse F., Smolders E., Merckx R.	2012	Plant and Soil	359	02-Jan	10.1007/s11104-012-1192-9	Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Division of Soil and Water Management, K.U.Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Ins. of the Intl. Centre for Tropical Agriculture (TSBF-CIAT), P.O. Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia	Six, L., Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Division of Soil and Water Management, K.U.Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Pypers, P., Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Ins. of the Intl. Centre for Tropical Agriculture (TSBF-CIAT), P.O. Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Degryse, F., School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; Smolders, E., Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Division of Soil and Water Management, K.U.Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Merckx, R., Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Division of Soil and Water Management, K.U.Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium	Background and aims: A soil test that samples nutrients only from fractions that are accessible to plants will predict availability and uptake more robustly than empirical tests. This can be tested by comparison of the isotope ratios (specific activity, SA) of the nutrient between plant and the soil extract. This study was set up to assess this requirement for the diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT), recently proposed as a soil P test, in comparison with conventional soil P tests viz. Olsen, Colwell, Bray-1, Mehlich-3, ammonium oxalate, anion exchange membranes (AEM) and 0. 01 M CaCl 2 solution. Methods: Maize (Zea mays L.) was grown in two P-deficient soils from western Kenya with contrasting P sorption characteristics, amended with a low and a high P rate and labelled with 33P. Results: The SA in the plant shoot corresponded with that of the extracts of the different soil tests, except for CaCl 2 and ammonium oxalate extracts, at the low P rate in the soil with low P sorption capacity, Teso soil. For the high P rate on this soil, differences in SA between maize shoot and soil test were small for all established soil tests, but significant for the Colwell, Bray-1, Mehlich-3 and AEM tests. The SA in the soil extracts was significantly smaller than that in the maize shoot for Sega the strongly P-sorbing soil at both P rates for all conventional tests, including AEM. This indicates that these tests extracted P from a pool that is not accessible to the plant. For the DGT test, however, there was no difference in SA between the maize shoot and the soil test, for any of the treatments. Conclusions: Most conventional soil tests can extract a fraction of P which is not available to maize. The DGT technique, however, only samples P from the plant-accessible pool. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Isotopically exchangeable phosphate; Phosphorus deficiency; Soil fertility	chloride; dilution; fractionation; growth rate; ion exchange; isotopic analysis; maize; oxalate; performance assessment; phosphorus; soil fertility; sorption; tropical soil; Kenya; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84890862298	Estimating the impact of changing fertilizer application rate, land use, and climate on nitrous oxide emissions in Irish grasslands	Kim D.-G., Rafique R., Leahy P., Cochrane M., Kiely G.	2014	Plant and Soil	374	42371	10.1007/s11104-013-1862-2	Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources, Hawassa University, Shashemene, Ethiopia; HYDROMET, Centre for Hydrology, Micrometeorology and Climate Change, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, 73019 OK, United States; Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland	Kim, D.-G., Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources, Hawassa University, Shashemene, Ethiopia, HYDROMET, Centre for Hydrology, Micrometeorology and Climate Change, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Rafique, R., HYDROMET, Centre for Hydrology, Micrometeorology and Climate Change, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, 73019 OK, United States; Leahy, P., HYDROMET, Centre for Hydrology, Micrometeorology and Climate Change, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Cochrane, M., Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland; Kiely, G., HYDROMET, Centre for Hydrology, Micrometeorology and Climate Change, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland	Aim: This study examines the impact of changing nitrogen (N) fertilizer application rates, land use and climate on N fertilizer-derived direct nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in Irish grasslands. Methods: A set of N fertilizer application rates, land use and climate change scenarios were developed for the baseline year 2000 and then for the years 2020 and 2050. Direct N2O emissions under the different scenarios were estimated using three different types of emission factors and a newly developed Irish grassland N2O emissions empirical model. Results: There were large differences in the predicted N2O emissions between the methodologies, however, all methods predicted that the overall N2O emissions from Irish grasslands would decrease by 2050 (by 40-60 %) relative to the year 2000. Reduced N fertilizer application rate and land-use changes resulted in decreases of 19-34 % and 11-60 % in N2O emission respectively, while climate change led to an increase of 5-80 % in N2O emission by 2050. Conclusions: It was observed in the study that a reduction in N fertilizer and a reduction in the land used for agriculture could mitigate emissions of N2O, however, future changes in climate may be responsible for increases in emissions causing the positive feedback of climate on emissions of N2O. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Climate change; Land-use change; Nitrogen fertilizer; Nitrous oxide; Scenario analysis	agricultural emission; biogeochemistry; climate change; climate effect; climate feedback; fertilizer application; grassland; land use change; nitrous oxide; Ireland	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84953358220	Long-term impacts of season of grazing on soil carbon sequestration and selected soil properties in the arid Eastern Cape, South Africa	Talore D.G., Tesfamariam E.H., Hassen A., Du Toit J.C.O., Klumpp K., Soussana J.F.	2015	Plant and Soil	397	42371	10.1007/s11104-015-2625-z	Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private bag 0083, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Private bag 0002, Pretoria, South Africa; Grootfontein Agricultural Development Institute, Middelburg, Eastern Cape, South Africa; INRA, Grassland Ecosystem Research (UR874), Chemin de Beaulieu, Clermont Ferrand Cedex 2, France; French National Institute for Agronomic Research, INRA, Paris, France	Talore, D.G., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private bag 0083, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa; Tesfamariam, E.H., Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Private bag 0002, Pretoria, South Africa; Hassen, A., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private bag 0083, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa; Du Toit, J.C.O., Grootfontein Agricultural Development Institute, Middelburg, Eastern Cape, South Africa; Klumpp, K., INRA, Grassland Ecosystem Research (UR874), Chemin de Beaulieu, Clermont Ferrand Cedex 2, France; Soussana, J.F., French National Institute for Agronomic Research, INRA, Paris, France	Background and aims: The Karoo biomes of South Africa are major feed resources for livestock farming, yet soil nutrient depletion and degradation is a major problem. The objective of this study was to assess impacts of long-term (&gt;75 years) grazing during spring (SPG), summer (SUG), winter (WG) and exclosure (non-grazed control) treatments on soil nutrients, penetration resistance and infiltration tests. Methods: A soil sampling campaign was carried out to collect soil to a depth of 60 cm to analyse bulk density, soil physical and chemical parameters as well as soil compaction and infiltration. Results: Generally, grazing treatments reduced soil organic C (SOC) stocks and C:N ratios, and modified soil properties. There was higher SOC stock (0.128 Mg ha−1 yr−1) in the exclosure than in the SPG (0.096 Mg ha−1 yr−1), SUG (0.099 Mg ha−1 yr−1) and WG (0.105 Mg ha−1 yr−1). The C:N ratios exhibited similar pattern to that of C. From the grazing treatments, the WG demonstrated 7 to 10 % additional SOC stock over the SPG and SUG, respectively. Conclusions: Short period animal exclusion could be an option to be considered to improve plant nutrients in sandy soils of South Africa. However, this may require a policy environment which supports stock exclusion from such areas vulnerable to land degradation, nutrient and C losses by grazing-induced vegetation and landscape changes. © 2015, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.	Arid ecosystem; Exclosure; Grazing season; Organic matter; Soil organic carbon; Total nitrogen	Animalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956693880	Impact of variable-rate application of nitrogen on yield and profit: A case study from South Africa	Maine N., Lowenberg-DeBoer J., Nell W.T., Alemu Z.G.	2010	Precision Agriculture	11	5	10.1007/s11119-009-9139-8	Agricultural Development Programmes, P.O. Box 440, Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; International Programs in Agriculture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Centre for Agricultural Management, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Development Bank of Southern Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa	Maine, N., Agricultural Development Programmes, P.O. Box 440, Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Lowenberg-DeBoer, J., International Programs in Agriculture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Nell, W.T., Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Centre for Agricultural Management, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Alemu, Z.G., Development Bank of Southern Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa	The response of maize (Zea mays) to banded variable-rate nitrogen (N) application over a period of 3 years (2002/3-2004/5) is analyzed. The experimental design alternated variable-rate (VR) and single-rate (SR) applications of N. The yield monitor data were spatially autocorrelated and therefore were analyzed with spatial regression methods. The baseline spatial regression model defined in this study showed that the VR treatment, treatment by year and treatment by management zone were statistically significant. Sensitivity tests were applied; the first showed that VR treatment had a yield advantage when soil depth was greater than the field average of 174 cm. The second test showed that the VR N rates applied were close to those that would maximize profit. Partial budgeting indicates that benefits from VR vary from year to year, but in this test VR was slightly more profitable than uniform rate application. Economic sensitivity testing indicates that farm size and the price of maize are the key factors in the profitability of VR N. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Precision agriculture; South Africa; Spatial regression models; Variable-rate application	agricultural economics; crop yield; experimental design; farm size; fertilizer application; maize; nitrogen; precision agriculture; profitability; regression analysis; soil depth; spatial analysis; yield response; South Africa; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-55549133586	Substance use and sexual risk prevention in Cape Town, South Africa: An evaluation of the HealthWise program	Smith E.A., Palen L.-A., Caldwell L.L., Flisher A.J., Graham J.W., Mathews C., Wegner L., Vergnani T.	2008	Prevention Science	9	4	10.1007/s11121-008-0103-z	Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States; University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa; S-109 Henderson Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States	Smith, E.A., Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States, S-109 Henderson Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States; Palen, L.-A., Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States; Caldwell, L.L., Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States; Flisher, A.J., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Graham, J.W., Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States; Mathews, C., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Wegner, L., University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa; Vergnani, T., University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa	Sexual behavior and substance use represent major threats to the health and well-being of South African adolescents, especially in light of the high prevalence of HIV infection in this population. However, there is currently a lack of evidence-based school programs designed to address health risk behaviors. The current study details the evaluation of HealthWise South Africa, a leisure, life skills, and sexuality education intervention for eighth and ninth grade students. We hypothesized that, compared to controls, HealthWise participants would have delayed sexual initiation, reduced rates of current sexual activity, increased use of and perceived access to condoms, and lower rates of lifetime and past use of multiple substances. Longitudinal data were analyzed using logistic regression of multiply imputed data. Results indicate that HealthWise was effective in increasing the perception of condom availability for both genders (OR=1.6). As compared to HealthWise participants, control participants also had steeper increases in recent and heavy use of alcohol (OR=1.4 [95% C.I.=1.1-1.8], 1.6 [1.2-2.2], respectively) and recent and heavy cigarette use (OR=1.4 [1.1-1.7], 1.4 [1.1-1.8], respectively). There were also several significant gender by treatment interactions, which are discussed. These results suggest that HealthWise is a promising approach to reducing multiple health risk behaviors among the population of school-going South African adolescents. © 2008 Society for Prevention Research.	Adolescence; Adolescent sexual behavior; Adolescent substance use; HIV prevention; Intervention; Sexual behavior; South Africa; Substance use	addiction; adolescent; article; child behavior; condom; evaluation; female; health promotion; human; male; school health service; social marketing; South Africa; unsafe sex; utilization review; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Condoms; Female; Health Promotion; Humans; Male; School Health Services; Social Marketing; South Africa; Substance-Related Disorders; Unsafe Sex	None
WoS	WOS:000327073900019	The impact of HIV status, HIV disease progression, and post-traumatic stress symptoms on the health-related quality of life of Rwandan women genocide survivors	Adedimeji, Adebola A.,Anastos, Kathryn,Cohen, Mardge H.,Gard, Tracy L.,Hoover, Donald R.,Mutimura, Eugene,Shi, Qiuhu	2013	QUALITY OF LIFE RESEARCH	22	8	10.1007/s11136-012-0328-y	Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York Medical College, Rush University, Rutgers State University, Yeshiva University, Kigali Hlth Inst	"Cohen, Mardge H.: Rush University","Hoover, Donald R.: Rutgers State University","Shi, Qiuhu: New York Medical College",	We examined whether established associations between HIV disease and HIV disease progression on worse health-related quality of life (HQOL) were applicable to women with severe trauma histories, in this case Rwandan women genocide survivors, the majority of whom were HIV-infected. Additionally, this study attempted to clarify whether post-traumatic stress symptoms were uniquely associated with HQOL or confounded with depression. The Rwandan Women's Interassociation Study and Assessment was a longitudinal prospective study of HIV-infected and uninfected women. At study entry, 922 women (705 HIV+ and 217 HIV-) completed measures of symptoms of post-traumatic stress and HQOL as well as other demographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics. Even after controlling for potential confounders and mediators, HIV+ women, in particular those with the lowest CD4 counts, scored significantly worse on HQOL and overall quality of life (QOL) than did HIV- women. Even after controlling for depression and HIV disease progression, women with more post-traumatic stress symptoms scored worse on HQOL and overall QOL than women with fewer post-traumatic stress symptoms. This study demonstrated that post-traumatic stress symptoms were independently associated with HQOL and overall QOL, independent of depression and other confounders or potential mediators. Future research should examine whether the long-term impact of treatment on physical and psychological symptoms of HIV and post-traumatic stress symptoms would generate improvement in HQOL.	HIV,"post-traumatic stress disorder","QUALITY OF LIFE",RWANDA,WOMEN,"ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY",DEPRESSION,DISORDER,INFECTION,PEOPLE,PREDICTORS,RAPE,SOUTH,TRAUMA,WORLD	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887625500	Climate impacts and oceanic top predators: Moving from impacts to adaptation in oceanic systems	Hobday A.J., Young J.W., Abe O., Costa D.P., Cowen R.K., Evans K., Gasalla M.A., Kloser R., Maury O., Weng K.C.	2013	Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries	23	4	10.1007/s11160-013-9311-0	CSIRO Climate Adaptation and Wealth from Oceans Flagships, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia; National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, 5-7-1 Orido, Shimizu, Shizuoka, 424-8633, Japan; Long Marine Laboratory, University of California, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, United States; Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, 33149, United States; Fisheries Ecosystems Laboratory, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05580-120, Brazil; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 212 EME, Sète, France; ICEMASA, Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Pelagic Fisheries Research Program, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1000 Pope Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, United States	Hobday, A.J., CSIRO Climate Adaptation and Wealth from Oceans Flagships, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia; Young, J.W., CSIRO Climate Adaptation and Wealth from Oceans Flagships, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia; Abe, O., National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, 5-7-1 Orido, Shimizu, Shizuoka, 424-8633, Japan; Costa, D.P., Long Marine Laboratory, University of California, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, United States; Cowen, R.K., Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, 33149, United States; Evans, K., CSIRO Climate Adaptation and Wealth from Oceans Flagships, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia; Gasalla, M.A., Fisheries Ecosystems Laboratory, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05580-120, Brazil; Kloser, R., CSIRO Climate Adaptation and Wealth from Oceans Flagships, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia; Maury, O., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 212 EME, Sète, France, ICEMASA, Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Weng, K.C., Pelagic Fisheries Research Program, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1000 Pope Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, United States	Climate impacts are now widely reported from coastal marine systems, but less is known for the open ocean. Here we review progress in understanding impacts on large pelagic species presented at an international workshop for the Climate Impacts on Oceanic Top Predators programme, and discuss the future with regard to the next phase of adaptation-focused research. Recent highlights include a plan to map the distribution of key species in the foodweb using both acoustics and biochemical techniques, and development of a new data sharing and access tool for fisheries and associated data, including socio-economic information. A common research focus in pelagic ecosystems is on understanding climate variability and climate change impacts on marine species, but a greater emphasis on developing future scenarios and adaptation options is needed. Workshop participants also concluded that engagement with and provision of science support to regional fisheries management organisations are critical elements for ensuring successful uptake of research. This uptake will be required for future management of fisheries as global warming continues such that some open ocean top predators can be sustainably harvested, impacts on conservation-dependent species can be avoided, and ecosystem function is not compromised. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Climate change; Climate variability; Fisheries; Pelagic ecosystems	climate change; climate conditions; climate effect; environmental disturbance; environmental factor; environmental stress; fish; food web; marine ecosystem; pelagic environment	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925497945	Human harvesting impacts on managed areas: ecological effects of socially-compatible shellfish reserves	Aswani S., Flores C.F., Broitman B.R.	2014	Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries	25	1	10.1007/s11160-014-9376-4	Department of Anthropology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science (DIFS), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; IGP Marine Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Aridas (CEAZA), Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile	Aswani, S., Department of Anthropology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa, Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science (DIFS), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Flores, C.F., Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States, IGP Marine Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; Broitman, B.R., Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Aridas (CEAZA), Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile	We examined how human harvesting impacts on managed areas affect the abundance and size distribution of the edible mangrove shellfish Anadara granosa and Polymesoda spp. in the Roviana Lagoon, Solomon Islands. We tested two hypotheses: (1) in areas permanently and temporally closed to human exploitation, abundance and size distribution of these shellfish species is significantly greater than in sites open to exploitation and (2) moderate human disturbance of shell beds, particularly of Polymesoda spp., increases their abundance. Firstly, we studied perceptions of environmental states and processes coupled to foraging and management interventions to assess sociocultural influences on harvesting practices and ascertain the types of management regime that people would consider in a context where poaching and interloping are common practices. Secondly, we compared shellfish abundance and shell size from areas that were permanently protected, temporally reserved for communal harvest, and permanently open for exploitation. Thirdly, drawing from women’s local knowledge, we measured the abundance of Polymesoda spp. in relation to mud compactness in quadrats across the three management regimes. Results showed that both species were significantly more abundant in permanent and temporally closed sites than in open sites. In the mud compactness study, however, while shell abundance was greater in moderately compacted quadrats, there was no statistical relationship between mud compactness and shell abundance within or across the three management regimes. Results suggest that even under the strong impacts of poaching, temporally closed areas have more clams than open areas and are as effective as areas that are permanently closed nominally. The results also suggest that human harvesting regimes can influence the effectiveness of local management decisions and thus are important when designing community-based conservation programs in the Solomon Islands and other Pacific Islands. © 2014, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.	Ecological disturbance; Ecological impacts; Foraging; MPAs; Shellfish; Social acceptability; Solomon Islands	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84931576293	The impact of statistical learning on violations of the sure-thing principle	Nicholls N., Romm A.T., Zimper A.	2015	Journal of Risk and Uncertainty	50	2	10.1007/s11166-015-9210-y	Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa; School of Economic and Business Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Nicholls, N., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa; Romm, A.T., School of Economic and Business Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Zimper, A., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa	This paper experimentally tests whether violations of Savage’s (1954) sure-thing principle (STP) decrease through statistical learning. Our subjects repeatedly had to bet on the drawings from an urn with an unknown proportion of differently colored balls. The control group was thereby subjected to learning through mere thought only. In addition, the test group received more and more statistical information over the course of the experiment by observing the color of the ball actually drawn after each bet. We expected that statistical learning would decrease the decision makers’ ambiguity, thereby implying a stronger decrease of STP violations in the test than in the control group. However, our data surprisingly shows that learning by mere thought rather than statistical learning leads to a decrease in STP violations. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Independence axiom; Learning; Prospect theory; Statistical learning; Sure thing principle	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953268301	Knowledge production through collaborative research in sub-Saharan Africa: How much do countries contribute to each other's knowledge output and citation impact?	Onyancha O.B., Maluleka J.R.	2011	Scientometrics	87	2	10.1007/s11192-010-0330-5	Department of Information Science, University of South Africa, Unisa, 392, Pretoria 0003, South Africa	Onyancha, O.B., Department of Information Science, University of South Africa, Unisa, 392, Pretoria 0003, South Africa; Maluleka, J.R., Department of Information Science, University of South Africa, Unisa, 392, Pretoria 0003, South Africa	This paper examines co-authorship of research articles in Thomson Reuters citation indexes in order to assess knowledge co-production in selected sub-Saharan African countries. Two indicators, namely publications and citations, were analysed to establish the patterns of knowledge co-production and its scientific impact, respectively. The study found that knowledge production through collaborative research among sub-Saharan African countries is minimal and contributes only a small percentage when compared to collaboration between sub-Saharan African countries and their foreign counterparts. Similarly, the scientific impact of international collaboration was higher than that of continental collaboration. Countries belonging to the same geographic region contributed to each other's knowledge production more frequently than they did to the countries outside their region. It is recommended that, for knowledge co-production in sub-Saharan Africa to improve, various measures such as encouraging student and staff exchange, hosting more regional conferences and encouraging research networks need to be put in place. © 2011 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.	Citation impact; Knowledge production; Research collaboration; Sub-Saharan Africa	None	None
WoS	WOS:000294839700004	Scientometric impact assessment of a research policy instrument: the case of rating researchers on scientific outputs in South Africa	Inglesi-Lotz, Roula,Pouris, Anastassios	2011	SCIENTOMETRICS	88	3	10.1007/s11192-011-0440-8	University of Pretoria	"Inglesi-Lotz, Roula: University of Pretoria","Pouris, Anastassios: University of Pretoria"	The influence of the National Research Foundation's (NRF) rating system on the productivity of the South African social science researchers is investigated scientometrically for the period from 1981 to 2006. Their output performance is mainly indicated by their research publications. Following international best practice in scientometrics as well as the behavioural reinforcement theory, we employed the "before/after control impact (BACI) method'', as well as the well known econometric breakpoint test as proposed by Chow. We use as control group the publications in the field of clinical medicine. The field is not supported by NRF and hence clinical medicine researchers are not affected by the evaluation and rating system. The findings show a positive impact of the NRF programme on the research outputs of social sciences researchers and the implementation of the programme has increased the relevant population of research articles by an average of 24.5% (during the first 5 years) over the expected number of publication without the programme. The results confirm the scientometric findings of other studies (e. g. that of Nederhof) that ratings promulgate research productivity.	INCENTIVES,"Quasi experimental design","RESEARCH POLICY",SCIENTOMETRICS,"SOUTH AFRICA",ECONOMICS,PROGRAMS	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855527292	Bibliometrics as a tool for measuring gender-specific research performance: An example from South African invasion ecology	Prozesky H., Boshoff N.	2012	Scientometrics	90	2	10.1007/s11192-011-0478-7	Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag x1, Matieland, South Africa; Centre for Research on Evaluation, Science and Technology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag x1, Matieland, South Africa	Prozesky, H., Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag x1, Matieland, South Africa; Boshoff, N., Centre for Research on Evaluation, Science and Technology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag x1, Matieland, South Africa	Citations to published work are gaining increasing prominence in evaluations of the research performance of scientists. Considering the importance accorded to gender issues in South African science, it is surprising that (to our knowledge) no research has as yet ascertained the extent of sex differences in citations to the published work of scientists in this country. Our literature study shows that studies that have been conducted elsewhere tend to neglect in their analyses important gender-related and other factors, such as the sex composition of multi-authored papers and the extent of foreign co-authorship. Against this background, we illustrate the difficulties inherent in measuring the quality aspect of sex-specific research performance by means of an analysis of a dataset of articles (n = 229) that were published between 1990 and 2002 in the field of invasion ecology and in journals included in the Thomson Reuters Web of Science. Each article has at least one South African author address. The results indicate that foreign co-authorship is a better correlate of high citations than the sex of South African authors, and this is true irrespective of whether the annual citation rate or window period is used, whether or not self-citations are excluded, and whether or not the number of authors is controlled for by calculating fractional counts. The paper highlights these and other considerations that are relevant for future gender-focused bibliometric research, both in South Africa and beyond. © 2011 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.	Bibliometrics; Citations; Gender; Invasion ecology; Research performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-23944479221	The impact of the use of energy sources on the quality of life of poor communities	Martins J.	2005	Social Indicators Research	72	3	10.1007/s11205-004-5583-z	Bureau of Market Research, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, Unisa 0003, South Africa	Martins, J., Bureau of Market Research, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, Unisa 0003, South Africa	Over the last few decades, the energy literature has been dominated by a theory of transition. The theory of transition is based on the notion that households gradually ascend an 'energy ladder', which begins with traditional biomass fuels (firewood and charcoal), moves through modern commercial fuels (kerosene and liquid petroleum gas (LPG)) and culminates with the advent of electricity. The ascent of the 'energy body', though not fully understood, is thought to be associated with rising income and increasing levels of urbanisation. Empirical evidence on energy and poverty issues has been to suggest that reality is rather more complex than the simple transitional theory would appear to suggest. To choose an appropriate set of indicators to measure the impact of electrification, this paper takes three basic different perspectives on human welfare, namely, basic needs, monetary, and non-monetary into consideration. According to the basic needs approach, welfare relates to people's ability to satisfy their basic material needs. In the monetary approach it is a generally accepted view that the purchasing power of the household provides the best overall indicator of welfare. According to the non-monetary approach there has been a trend towards complementing economic measures of deprivation with non-monetary measures to obtain a multidimensional view of human well being, particularly by tracking health and education indicators. In the rest of the paper the two primary research projects conducted in two provinces in South Africa, namely KwaZulu-Natal and Limpopo, will be discussed. The one research project is still in process. However, the methodology will be discussed. In this project a comparison will be made of households' experiences in villages with and without electricity to see if and to what extent electrification contributed to the welfare of the communities. In the second project households were interviewed about their experiences in the use of paraffin as source of energy. © Springer 2005.	Accidents; Electricity; Energy sources; Firewood; Needs; Paraffin; Poor; Welfare	electrification; energy resource; energy use; low income population; quality of life; welfare impact; Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; KwaZulu-Natal; Limpopo; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; World	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872489237	Monitoring Perceptions of the Causes of Poverty in South Africa	Davids Y.D., Gouws A.	2013	Social Indicators Research	110	3	10.1007/s11205-011-9980-9	Population Health, Health Systems and Innovation (PHHSI), Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), 12th Floor, Plein Park Building, 69-83 Plein Street, Cape Town, South Africa; Political Science Department, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag x1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Davids, Y.D., Population Health, Health Systems and Innovation (PHHSI), Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), 12th Floor, Plein Park Building, 69-83 Plein Street, Cape Town, South Africa; Gouws, A., Political Science Department, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag x1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	This study explored how people perceive the causes of poverty. Literature revealed that there are three broad theoretical explanations of perceptions of the causes of poverty, namely individualistic explanations, where blame is placed squarely on the poor themselves; structural explanations, where poverty is blamed on external social and economic forces; and fatalistic explanations, which attribute poverty to factors such as bad luck or illness. To examine South Africans perceptions according to these dimensions secondary analysis was employed on one of the Human Sciences Research Council's (HSRC) national representative client surveys. Approximately 3,498 respondents across South Africa were surveyed between 18 April and 30 May 2006. The bivariate analysis revealed that South Africans in general attribute poverty to structural over individualistic and fatalistic dimensions of poverty. Ordinary least square regressions revealed that these perceptions of poverty interacted with a host of socio-demographic and economic variables such as race and peoples' lived experiences of poverty. In this regard, all three ordinary least square regressions showed that lived poverty had a significant impact in predicting respectively structural, individualistic and fatalistic perceptions of the causes of poverty. The second regression predicted individualistic perceptions and showed that being white was the most significant predictor. The third regression predicted fatalistic perceptions and established that being coloured was the most significant predictor. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Causes of poverty; Fatalistic; Individualistic; Perceptions of poverty; South Africa; Structural	least squares method; perception; poverty; regression analysis; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939965653	Social Change in Mongolia and South Africa: The Impact of Relative Deprivation Trajectory and Group Status on Well-Being and Adjustment to Change	de la Sablonnière R., Tougas F., Taylor D.M., Crush J., McDonald D., Perenlei O.R.	2015	Social Justice Research	28	1	10.1007/s11211-015-0236-8	Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, Canada; University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada; University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa; National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia	de la Sablonnière, R., Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, Canada; Tougas, F., University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Taylor, D.M., McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Crush, J., Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa; McDonald, D., Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Perenlei, O.R., National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia	During times of profound social change, people’s psychological well-being is related to their assessment of their path from the past to the future [temporal relative deprivation (RD)]. A first survey conducted in Mongolia (n = 480) and data from a representative population survey conducted in South Africa (n = 2,711) are used to explore whether the status of one’s group during a time of dramatic social change moderates the relationship between temporal RD and well-being. Black South Africans and Mongolians (low-status group members) reported the highest well-being if they reported RD levels would decrease over time (even higher than group members who reported low but steady levels of RD). However, White South Africans (high-status group members) reported the lowest levels of well-being if they reported high and steady levels of RD (even in comparison with group members who reported that RD levels would increase over time). The implications of these different patterns and directions for future research are proposed. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Relative deprivation; Resilience; Social change; Status; Well-being	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956753224	Research and Reflection: Potential Impact on the Professional Development of Undergraduate Occupational Therapy Students	du Toit S.H.J., Wilkinson A.C.	2010	Systemic Practice and Action Research	23	5	10.1007/s11213-010-9165-5	Department Occupational Therapy (G44), School for Allied Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Centre for Higher Education Studies and Development, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	du Toit, S.H.J., Department Occupational Therapy (G44), School for Allied Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Wilkinson, A.C., Centre for Higher Education Studies and Development, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	In occupational therapy education in South Africa, community service (CS) focuses learning opportunities during fieldwork placements. CS therefore enabled the researcher to utilise successive small scale research projects to guide learning of students during fieldwork while simultaneously developing the occupational therapy service at a residential care facility. This community setting provided a powerful environment through which research, in combination with opportunities for reflection, contributed to nurturing skills needed by these future health professionals. A technical action research (AR) approach incorporated AR cycles and opportunities for structured reflection. Therefore situations were created for the students to embrace experiential learning. Experiential learning in the form of anticipatory reflection, reflection-in-action, reflection on reflection and retrospective reflection impacted on the quality of the students' work. Besides encouraging unique leaning opportunities for students when engaging in research during their fieldwork placement, engagement in AR cycles simultaneously improved service delivery to residents in the facility. Key benefits of this investigation were that fieldwork education utilising AR cycles within a CS situation promoted students to identify voids in their theoretical background as well as practice skills; to apply reflective practice that could contribute to their personal and professional development; and to utilize learning opportunities optimally. Despite positive gains showed by this study, the role of power relations between the researcher as fieldwork educator and the students prohibited the AR cycles from being more emancipatory in nature and should be addressed in follow-up studies. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Action research cycle approach; Community service; Experiential learning; Occupational therapy undergraduate training; Small scale research projects	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856119401	Towards an Understanding, Through Action Research, of the Socio-Organizational Issues Impacting on Mobile Technology Adoption and Diffusion Within a Small-to-Medium South African Construction Company	Abrahamse J., Lotriet H.	2012	Systemic Practice and Action Research	25	1	10.1007/s11213-011-9202-z	Department of Informatics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; School of Computing, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, UNISA, Pretoria 0003, South Africa	Abrahamse, J., Department of Informatics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Lotriet, H., School of Computing, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, UNISA, Pretoria 0003, South Africa	We investigated, through an action research approach, social issues that impact on mobile technology adoption and diffusion in a professional construction management team of a small-to-medium sized South African construction company. The outcome of the study resulted in a framework of thinking that integrates social factors at individual and organisational levels that impacted on the adoption of mobile technologies in the organisation. At the methodological level the study is part of a limited collection of papers that used AR in the study of technology adoption and diffusion and it presents an example of the capability of AR as a method to allow for the integration of the social contexts of users into adoption frameworks. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Action research; Adoption; Construction; Mobile technology; Socio-organisational issues; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939880409	Publish Yet Perish: On the Pitfalls of Philosophy of Education in an Age of Impact Factors	Smeyers P., de Ruyter D.J., Waghid Y., Strand T.	2014	Studies in Philosophy and Education	33	6	10.1007/s11217-014-9404-9	KU Leuven (Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Laboratory for Education and Society), Leuven, Belgium; Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; VU University (Faculty of Psychology and Education; LEARN! research institute for learning and education), Amsterdam, Netherlands; Stellenbosch University (Department of Educational Policy Studies), Stellenbosch, South Africa; University of Oslo (Institute of Education), Oslo, Norway	Smeyers, P., KU Leuven (Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Laboratory for Education and Society), Leuven, Belgium, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; de Ruyter, D.J., VU University (Faculty of Psychology and Education; LEARN! research institute for learning and education), Amsterdam, Netherlands; Waghid, Y., Stellenbosch University (Department of Educational Policy Studies), Stellenbosch, South Africa; Strand, T., University of Oslo (Institute of Education), Oslo, Norway	In many countries publications in Web of Knowledge journals are dominant in the evaluation of educational research. For various purposes comparisons are made between the output of philosophers of education in these journals and the publications of their colleagues in educational research generally, sometimes also including psychologists and/or social scientists. Taking its starting-point from Hayden’s article in this journal (Stud Philos Educ 31:1–27, 2012), this paper discusses the situation of educational research in three countries: The Netherlands, South Africa and Norway. In this paper an alternative for comparing research output is offered by invoking comparisons with colleagues at the international level from within the same sub-discipline. It is argued that if one would do so a different picture would emerge, even if one were to limit oneself to particular kinds of publications. The case is then made that if comparisons are regarded as a necessary part of the evaluation of an individual scholar (for appointment, promotion, tenure, and/or funding application purposes), it would be more fair to use a proxy system which is sub-discipline specific, or minimally contains some kind of correction factor in relation to the over-all quality assessment device. Debates about the relevance or irrelevance of philosophy of education in the context of educational sciences are now obscured, even poisoned by focusing almost exclusively on a particular kind of publication output. As the ‘reward’ system that is developed accordingly is possibly the most important driver of educational research, it puts the sub-discipline unduly under pressure to the extent that it possibly cannot survive. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Output comparison; Philosophy of education; Publication culture; Sub-discipline evaluation; Web of Knowledge	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876485335	Synthesis, characterisation and in vitro evaluation of palladium(II) iminophosphine complexes for anticancer activity	Chiririwa H., Moss J.R., Hendricks D., Meijboom R., Muller A.	2013	Transition Metal Chemistry	38	2	10.1007/s11243-012-9674-4	Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Observatory 7935, South Africa; Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa	Chiririwa, H., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa, Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Observatory 7935, South Africa, Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; Moss, J.R., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Hendricks, D., Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Observatory 7935, South Africa; Meijboom, R., Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; Muller, A., Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa	Palladium(II) complexes have been obtained from the reactions of the iminophosphine ligands, (L1-L7), respectively, with [PdCl2(COD)] and [PdMeCl(COD)] in CH2Cl2 at room temperature. The palladium(II) complexes were characterised using elemental analysis, electro spray ionisation-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), NMR (1H and 31P), IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis for complexes 2, 7 and 8 revealed that the complexes exhibited a slightly distorted square planar geometry. In vitro cytotoxic study results show that the palladium complexes exhibit moderate activity and block the proliferation of WHCO1 cells with an IC50 range of 19.02-45.27 μM, and IC50 range of 10.03-68.54 μM for the KYSE450 cell lines. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	None	Anticancer activities; Cell lines; In-vitro evaluation; Palladium complexes; Room temperature; Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis; Square planar geometry; X-ray diffraction studies; Cell culture; Chlorine compounds; Mass spectrometry; Synthesis (chemical); X ray diffraction analysis; Palladium compounds	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880917155	Substitution reactions in dinuclear platinum(II) complexes: An evaluation of the influence of the diazine-bridging ligand on reactivity	Ongoma P.O., Jaganyi D.	2013	Transition Metal Chemistry	38	5	10.1007/s11243-013-9726-4	School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa	Ongoma, P.O., School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa; Jaganyi, D., School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa	A kinetic study of aqua substitution in dinuclear Pt(II) complexes, [{cis-Pt(OH2)(NH3)2}2-μ-pmn] (ClO4)2 (pmn), [{cis-Pt(OH2)(NH 3)2}2-μ-pdn](ClO4)2 (pdn), [{cis-Pt(OH2)(NH3)2}2-μ- qzn](ClO4)2 (qzn), [{cis-Pt(OH2)(NH 3)2}2-μ-pht](ClO4)2 (pht) and [{cis-Pt(OH2)(NH3)2} 2-μ-pzn](ClO4)2 (pzn) (pmn = pyrimidine, pdn = pyridazine, qzn = quinazoline, pht = phthalazine, pzn = pyrazine) by different sulphur-donor nucleophiles, thiourea (TU), N,N-dimethylthiourea (DMTU) and N,N,N,N-tetramethylthiourea (TMTU) was carried out. The reactions were followed under pseudo-first-order conditions as a function of nucleophile concentration and temperature using stopped-flow and UV-Vis spectrophotometric methods. The reactivity of the nucleophiles follows the order TU &gt; DMTU &gt; TMTU. The general order of reactivity for the aqua complexes follows pzn &gt; qzn &gt; pmn &gt; pdn &gt; pht which is confirmed by the obtained pKa values and the quantum chemical calculated NBO charges at the metal centre. The negative values reported for the activation entropy confirm the associative nature of the substitution process. The results demonstrate the strong connection between structural and electronic characteristics of the diazine-bridging ligand and reactivity of the dinuclear Pt(II) complexes. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	None	Activation entropies; Aqua complexes; Dinuclear platinum complexes; Electronic characteristics; Negative values; Pseudo-first-order; Quantum chemical; Spectro-photometric method; Chemical compounds; Ligands; Nucleophiles; Quantum chemistry; Substitution reactions; Ultraviolet spectroscopy; Platinum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-20044380190	Reproductive performance of fogera heifers treated with prostaglandin F2α for synchronization of oestrus	Bekana M., Gizachew A., Regassa F.	2005	Tropical Animal Health and Production	37	5	10.1007/s11250-005-1862-1	Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; PO Box 150307, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Bekana, M., Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia, PO Box 150307, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Gizachew, A., Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Regassa, F., Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	[No abstract available]	Fogera cattle; Oestrus; Prostaglandin	prostaglandin F2 alpha; animal; article; cattle; drug effect; estrus; estrus cycle; Ethiopia; female; fertility; male; methodology; physiology; pregnancy; pregnancy rate; reproduction; Animals; Cattle; Dinoprost; Estrus Detection; Estrus Synchronization; Ethiopia; Female; Fertility; Male; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Rate; Reproduction; Bos taurus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-27744516642	Effect of replacement of maize with cassava peel in cockerel diets on performance and carcass characteristics	Nwokoro S.O., Ekhosuehi E.I.	2005	Tropical Animal Health and Production	37	6	10.1007/s11250-005-6844-9	Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, Nigeria	Nwokoro, S.O., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, Nigeria; Ekhosuehi, E.I., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, Nigeria	[No abstract available]	Cyanide; Dressing percentage; Feed consumption; Nitrogen retention; Weight gain	animal; animal food; article; body composition; body constitution; caloric intake; cassava; chicken; growth, development and aging; maize; male; Nigeria; nutritional requirement; physiology; randomization; weight gain; Animal Feed; Animal Nutrition Physiology; Animals; Body Composition; Body Constitution; Chickens; Energy Intake; Male; Manihot; Nigeria; Nutritional Requirements; Random Allocation; Weight Gain; Zea mays; Manihot esculenta; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-20044390062	Reproductive disorders of crossbred dairy cows in the central highlands of Ethiopia and their effect on reproductive performance	Shiferaw Y., Tenhagen B.-A., Bekana M., Kassa T.	2005	Tropical Animal Health and Production	37	5	10.1007/s11250-005-7050-5	Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Debrezeit, Ethiopia; Free University of Berlin, Clinic for Reproduction, Section of Production Medicine and Quality Management, Koenigsweg 65, Hs 27, 14163 Berlin, Germany	Shiferaw, Y., Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Tenhagen, B.-A., Free University of Berlin, Clinic for Reproduction, Section of Production Medicine and Quality Management, Koenigsweg 65, Hs 27, 14163 Berlin, Germany; Bekana, M., Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Debrezeit, Ethiopia; Kassa, T., Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Debrezeit, Ethiopia	The study was conducted to estimate the proportion of reproductive disorders and to determine factors affecting reproductive performance of crossbred dairy cows under four different production systems in the central highlands of Ethiopia. The principal postpartum reproductive disorders were retained fetal membranes (14.7%) and uterine infection (15.5%). Anoestrus was the major postpartum reproductive problem in the mixed crop-livestock production system (38.6%.) and was significantly associated with this production system. Apart from anoestrus, the occurrence of reproductive disorders was not significantly associated with a production system. Most of the reproductive disorders occurred as a complex rather than as a single abnormality. Two or more abnormal conditions were seen in 11.4% of the cases. Each reproductive trait measured was affected adversely by reproductive disorders. Cows with reproductive disorders in each production system, lactation group and suckling and non-suckling group had longer intervals from calving to first service and to conception (p < 0.001) and required more services per conception (p < 0.001). Pregnancy rate and conception to first service were 84.7% and 51.7%, respectively, for cows without reproductive health problems; and 64.2% and 15.1%, respectively, for cows with reproductive disorders (p < 0.001). Overall, intervals from calving to first service were shorter (p < 0.05) than in younger cows. Intervals from calving to first service and to conception were longer in suckling than in non-suckling cows (p > 0.05). Cows with a good body condition score (> 3.5) at calving had shorter calving to first service and conception intervals than cows in poor condition (p < 0.001). The results showed that reproductive abnormalities, coupled with poor body condition, are important factors that contributed to reproductive inefficiency. An appropriate reproductive health management, a reliable artificial insemination service and supplementary feeding could be the management options to reduce or alleviate some of the problems. © 2005 Springer.	Crossbred cattle; Ethiopia; Reproductive disorders; Reproductive performance	anestrus; animal; animal disease; article; body constitution; cattle; cattle disease; comparative study; cross breeding; dairying; Ethiopia; female; lactation; methodology; pathophysiology; physiology; pregnancy; pregnancy rate; puerperal disorder; puerperium; reproduction; risk factor; time; Anestrus; Animals; Body Constitution; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Crosses, Genetic; Dairying; Ethiopia; Female; Lactation; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Rate; Puerperal Disorders; Reproduction; Risk Factors; Time Factors; Bos taurus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-28344443375	The impact of access to animal health services on donkey health and livelihoods in Ethiopia	Curran M.M., Feseha G., Smith D.G.	2005	Tropical Animal Health and Production	37	None	10.1007/s11250-005-9008-z	Villardi Consulting, Singapore; Donkey Sanctuary, Veterinary Faculty, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Department of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, United Kingdom	Curran, M.M., Villardi Consulting, Singapore; Feseha, G., Donkey Sanctuary, Veterinary Faculty, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Smith, D.G., Department of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, United Kingdom	This study was carried out to assess the impact of animal healthcare services on poor donkey owners in Ethiopia. The services provided by the Donkey Sanctuary were used as a case study. A questionnaire survey was designed and carried out in the areas around Debre Zeit in the Highlands of Ethiopia. The staff carried out a survey at 10 sites. Six of these were in Donkey Sanctuary project areas and four were in control areas. The results showed that in project areas donkeys were significantly healthier and more productive than in non-project areas. Donkey owners in project sites felt better off for having access to animal healthcare services; donkey owners in non-project sites were less confident about their incomes and the health of their animals. © 2005 Springer.	Donkey; Ethiopia; Health services; Livelihood	agriculture; animal; animal welfare; article; Ethiopia; female; horse; human; male; questionnaire; socioeconomics; veterinary medicine; Agriculture; Animal Welfare; Animals; Equidae; Ethiopia; Female; Humans; Male; Questionnaires; Socioeconomic Factors; Veterinary Medicine; Animalia; Equus asinus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-28344433134	Technology transfer pathways and livelihood impact indicators in central Ethiopia	Tesfaye A., Jemal I., Ferede S., Curran M.M.	2005	Tropical Animal Health and Production	37	None	10.1007/s11250-005-9011-4	Holetta Research Centre, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Adami Tulu Research Center, Zway, Ethiopia; Debre Zeit Research Center, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Villardi Consulting, Singapore, Singapore	Tesfaye, A., Holetta Research Centre, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Jemal, I., Adami Tulu Research Center, Zway, Ethiopia; Ferede, S., Debre Zeit Research Center, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Curran, M.M., Villardi Consulting, Singapore, Singapore	A survey was conducted in central Ethiopia to elicit information on existing and potential dissemination pathways for technical information on donkey husbandry. A detailed socio-economic survey was also conducted to provide background information on the people and the region, and livelihood indicators were drawn out at the same time. The results showed that there are many opportunities for group dissemination by making use of existing social networks. There are also opportunities for dissemination through extension agents, farmer groups and radio broadcasting. © 2005 Springer.	Central Ethiopia; Donkey; Husbandry	adult; agriculture; animal; animal husbandry; animal welfare; article; economics; education; Ethiopia; female; horse; human; income; interpersonal communication; male; methodology; middle aged; technology; Adult; Agriculture; Animal Husbandry; Animal Welfare; Animals; Communication; Equidae; Ethiopia; Female; Humans; Income; Male; Middle Aged; Technology Transfer; Equus asinus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745930524	Reproductive performances of dairy cows in smallholder production system in Selalle, Central Ethiopia	Lobago F., Bekana M., Gustafsson H., Kindahl H.	2006	Tropical Animal Health and Production	38	4	10.1007/s11250-006-4328-1	Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Clinical Sciences, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden; Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Swedish Dairy Association, SE-63184 Eskilstuna, Sweden	Lobago, F., Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Clinical Sciences, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden, Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Bekana, M., Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Gustafsson, H., Swedish Dairy Association, SE-63184 Eskilstuna, Sweden; Kindahl, H., Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Clinical Sciences, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden	A study was conducted to assess the reproductive performance and factors that influence reproductive efficiency of cows in smallholder dairy farms in Selalle, Central Ethiopia. Three hundred dairy farms (average herd size = 8) were visited and data on reproductive, breeding and management histories were collected and analysed. The overall geometric means for calving to conception interval (n = 382) and duration after last calving (n = 422) were 187 and 201 days in pregnant and non-pregnant cows, respectively. The least-squares mean calving to conception interval was higher (p < 0.05) in mixed crop-livestock production (MCLP) than in small urban dairy production (SUDP) systems and was lower (p < 0.01) in non-suckling than in suckling cows. District significantly influenced (p < 0.01) the least-squares mean duration after last calving and, among the districts, non-pregnant cows in Wuchale-Jida had the highest values, whereas cows in Sululta and Mulo had the lowest values. The overall average number of services per conception (±SD) and the first service conception rate were 1.6 ± 1.0 (n = 382) and 56% (n = 456), respectively. The prevalences of abortion, dystocia (assisted parturition), retained fetal membrane, vulval discharge/endometritis and pre-weaning calf mortality were 1.4%, 1.3%, 5.4%, 2.8% and 17.4%, respectively. The present estimates of extended calving to conception interval and duration after last calving indicate poor reproductive performances of cows in Selalle smallholder dairy farms. The pre-weaning calf mortality rate is highly significant. Accordingly, a further detailed investigation is necessary to identify and quantify the specific reproductive disorders and associated interacting factors attributing to such poor performance and to determine the causes and predisposing factors behind such high calf mortality. © Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2006.	Dairy cows; Ethiopia/Selalle; Reproductive performance; Smallholder	animal; animal disease; article; breeding; cattle; cattle disease; dairying; Ethiopia; female; methodology; physiology; pregnancy; pregnancy outcome; pregnancy rate; puerperal disorder; reproduction; suckling; time; Animals; Animals, Suckling; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Dairying; Ethiopia; Female; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Pregnancy Rate; Pregnancy, Animal; Puerperal Disorders; Reproduction; Time Factors; Bos taurus	None
None	None	Evaluation of the hygienic quality and associated public health hazards of raw milk marketed by smallholder dairy producers in the Dar es Salaam region, Tanzania	Kivaria F.M., Noordhuizen J.P.T.M., Kapaga A.M.	2006	Tropical Animal Health and Production	38	3	10.1007/s11250-006-4339-y	Animal Diseases Research Institute, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands	Kivaria, F.M., Animal Diseases Research Institute, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania; Noordhuizen, J.P.T.M., Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Kapaga, A.M., Animal Diseases Research Institute, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania	A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine three parameters of the quality of the raw milk marketed by milk selling points (MSPs) in Dar es Salaam region. Total bacterial count (TBC) was used as an indicator of the microbial quality of the milk; antimicrobial residues were determined; and the California mastitis test (CMT) was used to screen for milk somatic cells as an indication of the mastitis level in the cows that provided the milk. Moreover, a water sample at each MSP was taken for bacteriological culturing. Finally, a questionnaire survey was conducted with the milk sellers at the MSPs to identify risk factors for poor milk hygiene. A total of 128 milk samples and corresponding water samples were collected from randomly selected milk selling points in Dar es Salaam region. The mean TBC was (8.2± 1.9) × 106 cfu/ml, and major bacterial isolates from the milk samples were Escherichia coli (6.3%), Bacillus cereus (6.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (6.3%) and Streptococcus agalactiae (6.3%), Enterobacter aerogenes (5.6%) and Enterococcus faecalis (4.7%). In most cases, the organisms identified in milk corresponded to those isolated from the corresponding water samples. Of milk samples, 79.0% were positive to the CMT and 7.0% were positive for antimicrobial residues. TBC was normalized by log-transformation, and the possible predictors of TBC were identified by fitting two linear regression models. In a random effect model, water microbial quality, frequency of cleaning the milk containers, frequency of milk supply, milk storage time and the type of containers, and mixing of fresh and previous milk were significantly (p &lt; 0.05) associated with the mean log TBC. In a fixed effect model, in addition to these indicators, water shortage, water source and the refrigerator condition were significantly (p ≤ 0.01) associated with log TBC. It was concluded that the milk sold in Dar es Salaam region is of poor quality and is of public health significance. © Springer 2006.	Antimicrobial residues; CMT; Dar es Salaam; Microbiological quality; Public health hazards; TBC	drug residue; animal; animal disease; article; bacterial count; bacterium; cattle; cattle disease; cell count; chemistry; cross-sectional study; cytology; female; human; hygiene; isolation and purification; microbiology; milk; public health; questionnaire; risk factor; safety; standard; statistical model; Tanzania; Animals; Bacteria; Cattle; Cell Count; Colony Count, Microbial; Consumer Product Safety; Cross-Sectional Studies; Drug Residues; Female; Humans; Hygiene; Linear Models; Mastitis, Bovine; Milk; Public Health; Questionnaires; Risk Factors; Tanzania; Water Microbiology; Bacillus cereus; Bacteria (microorganisms); Enterobacter aerogenes; Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus agalactiae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33746263672	The effect of supplementation on productive performance of Boer goat bucks fed winter veld hay	Almeida A.M., Schwalbach L.M., Waal H.O.D., Greyling J.P.C., Cardoso L.A.	2006	Tropical Animal Health and Production	38	5	10.1007/s11250-006-4368-6	IICT, Lisbon, Portugal; Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Almeida, A.M., IICT, Lisbon, Portugal; Schwalbach, L.M., Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Waal, H.O.D., Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Greyling, J.P.C., Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Cardoso, L.A., IICT, Lisbon, Portugal	Fifteen Boer goat bucks, (6-8 months old), were allocated into two groups and fed ad libitum for a period of 29 days. The WH group (winter hay; n = 8) received a chopped diet consisting of grass hay, predominantly Themeda trianda grass (cut during the winter) from a natural pasture (veld). The WH+S group (winter hay plus supplement; n = 7) received a chopped diet consisting of Themeda trianda veld hay, supplemented with maize meal, molasses meal and urea. Body weights and feed consumption were recorded. Animals were slaughtered and carcass characteristics (weight and percentages of selected carcass cuts) and the carcass chemical composition were determined. The WH+S animals showed a higher live weight and cumulated feed intake. Carcass cuts from WH animals represented a higher percentage of the total carcass, especially cuts where muscle depots are higher (legs, best end chops and prime cuts). There is an attempt by non-supplemented animals to preserve the body's nitrogen reserves under prolonged nutritional stress conditions, and there is consequently a necessity to supplement feeding of small ruminants fed winter veld hay, especially if the animals are to be used in subsequent breeding seasons. © Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2006.	Boer goat; Carcass; Growth; Supplementation; Winter veld hay	animal; animal food; animal welfare; article; breeding; goat; growth, development and aging; male; methodology; nutritional requirement; physiology; randomization; reproduction; season; weight gain; Animal Feed; Animal Nutrition Physiology; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animal Welfare; Animals; Breeding; Goats; Male; Nutritional Requirements; Random Allocation; Reproduction; Seasons; Weight Gain; Animalia; Bovidae; Capra hircus; Themeda; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845640890	Effects of stocking density and group size on the performance of white and brown Hyline layers in semi-arid conditions	Benyi K., Norris D., Tsatsinyane P.M.	2006	Tropical Animal Health and Production	38	42559	10.1007/s11250-006-4417-1	Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Department of Animal Production, Turfloop Campus, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa; Department of Animal Science, Mafikeng Campus, Northwest University, Mmabatho, South Africa	Benyi, K., Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Norris, D., Department of Animal Production, Turfloop Campus, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa; Tsatsinyane, P.M., Department of Animal Science, Mafikeng Campus, Northwest University, Mmabatho, South Africa	The effect of housing two Hyline strains of commercial laying hens White Hyline (W-98) and Brown Hyline (Hyline Brown) at densities of 2, 3 or 4 per cage (1100, 733 or 550 cm2/hen, respectively) was investigated over 3 months. Hyline Brown layers gained more weight, laid more but lighter eggs, utilized feed more efficiently and had a lower mortality than W-98 layers. Housing birds 2 or 3 per cage resulted in greater body weight gain, higher egg production, heavier eggs, better feed conversion ratio and a lower mortality than housing them 4 per cage. There were significant interactions between strain and stocking density for egg production, egg weight, egg output and mortality. It is suggested that for egg production in semi-arid areas Hyline Brown hens could be used and housed at a density of 733 cm2/hen. © 2006 Springer Science + Business Media B.V.	Laying performance; Stocking density; Strain	animal; animal housing; animal husbandry; article; chicken; crowding; egg; egg laying; female; growth, development and aging; methodology; physiology; population density; population dynamics; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Chickens; Crowding; Eggs; Female; Housing, Animal; Oviposition; Population Density; Population Dynamics; Aves	None
None	None	Seasonal changes in nutritional status and reproductive performance of Zebu cows kept under a traditional agro-pastoral system in Tanzania	Kanuya N.L., Matiko M.K., Nkya R., Bittegeko S.B.P., Mgasa M.N., Reksen O., Ropstad E.	2006	Tropical Animal Health and Production	38	6	10.1007/s11250-006-4419-z	Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway	Kanuya, N.L., Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Matiko, M.K., Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Nkya, R., Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Bittegeko, S.B.P., Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Mgasa, M.N., Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Reksen, O., Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway; Ropstad, E., Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway	The objectives of this study were to assess changes in nutritional status/body condition score, percentage pregnancy and calving rate in Zebu cows and to establish the relationship between body condition score loss and postpartum interval to resumption of ovarian activity. A total of 198 cows and postpubertal heifers of the Tanzanian Shorthorn Zebu kept under a traditional management system were randomly selected from 200 smallholder herds. Factors investigated during bi-weekly visits include body condition score (BCS), heart-girth circumference, milk yield and reproductive status of the animals, pregnancy/non-pregnancy and cyclicity/non-cyclicity. Local weather conditions and dates of occurrence of other reproductive events such as calving were also recorded. Calvings occurred all year round but with a strong seasonal distribution characterized by annual peaks observed between April and July. The annual calving pattern was closely related to rainfall, with peak precipitation occurring a few months before peak calving. The overall percentage pregnancy varied from 30% to 50% throughout the year. Postpartum cows exhibited minimum mean BCS and heart-girth circumference 12-14 weeks after calving, and cows with BCS loss >1 point exhibited the longest time interval from calving to onset of ovarian activity. © 2006 Springer Science + Business Media B.V.	Agro-pastoral system; Body condition score; Reproductive performance; Zebu cows	rain; animal; animal food; article; body constitution; cattle; estrus cycle; female; nutritional status; physiology; pregnancy; pregnancy rate; puerperium; reproduction; season; Tanzania; time; Animal Nutrition Physiology; Animals; Body Constitution; Cattle; Estrous Cycle; Female; Nutritional Status; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Rate; Rain; Reproduction; Seasons; Tanzania; Time Factors; Animalia; Bos indicus	None
None	None	The effects of calcium, phosphorus and zinc supplementation on reproductive performance of crossbred dairy cows in Tanzania	Phiri E.C.J.H., Nkya R., Pereka A.E., Mgasa M.N., Larsen T.	2007	Tropical Animal Health and Production	39	5	10.1007/s11250-007-9016-2	Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3017, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Surgery, and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Animal Health and Welfare, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Research Centre Foulum, Tjele, Denmark	Phiri, E.C.J.H., Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3017, Morogoro, Tanzania; Nkya, R., Department of Surgery, and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Pereka, A.E., Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3017, Morogoro, Tanzania; Mgasa, M.N., Department of Surgery, and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Larsen, T., Department of Animal Health and Welfare, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Research Centre Foulum, Tjele, Denmark	The effects of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) supplementation on reproductive performance of grazing dairy cows was studied. Forty-eight cows in their first to third parity were allocated to eight groups of 6 animals each, based on stage of lactation and milk yield. Groups 1 (control), 2 (Ca), 3 (P) and 4 (Zn) received, respectively, no mineral supplement, 10 g Ca, 8 g P and 400 mg Zn. The rest of the groups received a combination of Ca/P, Ca/Zn, P/Zn or Ca/P/Zn. Animals were drenched daily. Ovarian activity was determined by progesterone concentrations in milk. Prepartum body condition score (BCS) measured using scale 1-5 was 2.5-3.5. Reproductive problems were observed in all groups except that supplemented with Ca. Cows supplemented with Ca, P, Ca/P, Ca/Zn and Ca/P/Zn had significantly (p < 0.05) shorter interval (30 days) from calving to resumption of oestrus as compared to control (69 days). Intervals from calving to conception and between calvings did not differ significantly between groups (p > 0.05), but were shorter in Ca-supplemented cows. Furthermore, cows in groups 2 and 3 needed an average of 2 services per conception against 3 for cows in other groups. Hence, supplementation with Ca, P and Zn of deficient dairy cows appears to improve reproductive performance. © 2007 Springer Science + Business Media B.V.	Crossbred Zebu cows; Grazing; Mineral supplementation; Reproductive performance	phosphorus; progesterone; zinc; animal; article; calcium intake; cattle; chemistry; dairying; diet supplementation; drug effect; female; metabolism; milk; physiology; regression analysis; reproduction; Tanzania; Animals; Calcium, Dietary; Cattle; Dairying; Dietary Supplements; Female; Milk; Phosphorus; Progesterone; Regression Analysis; Reproduction; Tanzania; Zinc; Animalia; Bos; Bos indicus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548316477	Longitudinal observation on reproductive and lactation performances of smallholder crossbred dairy cattle in Fitche, Oromia region, central Ethiopia	Lobago F., Bekana M., Gustafsson H., Kindahl H.	2007	Tropical Animal Health and Production	39	6	10.1007/s11250-007-9027-z	Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Swedish Dairy Association, SE-631 84 Uppsala, Sweden	Lobago, F., Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Bekana, M., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Gustafsson, H., Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden, Swedish Dairy Association, SE-631 84 Uppsala, Sweden; Kindahl, H., Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden	A two-year longitudinal study was conducted to assess the reproductive and lactation performances of smallholder crossbred dairy cattle in Fitche, central Ethiopia. Twenty-four smallholder dairy farms were monitored and data on reproductive, breeding, lactation and management aspects of crossbred dairy cows (n = 69) were collected and analysed. Moreover, milk samples were collected and analysed for progesterone. The overall Least-squares means for calving interval (CI), calving to conception interval (CCI) and first observed oestrus after calving were 516, 253 and 141 days, respectively. Suckling significantly prolonged these intervals. The mean first onset of luteal activity (OLA) after calving was 52 days, while 67.4% (n = 43) had a delayed (>55 days) return to cyclicity after calving. Suckling and parity number significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the OLA. The mean lactation length was 54.4 weeks. The overall daily mean milk yield for the first 43 weeks of lactation after calving was 11.7 L/day. The estimated daily milk yield increased slowly and reached peak (13.8 L/day) around the 11th week post partum and declined gradually and steadily. Suckling status, season of calving and parity number significantly influenced the estimated daily milk yield. In conclusion, the present study indicated that the smallholder crossbred dairy cows in the study area had prolonged intervals to first oestrus after calving, to conception and to the next calving, and thus their reproductive performance is unsatisfactory. Delayed first onset of luteal activity (postpartum anoestrus) contributed to these extended intervals. Further detailed investigation is suggested to examine the effects of other relevant factors on the reproductive and lactation performances of smallholder crossbred dairy cows for appropriate intervention. © 2007 Springer Science + Business Media B.V.	Crossbred cattle; Ethiopia; Lactation/reproductive performance; Smallholder	progesterone; animal; article; breeding; cattle; chemistry; cross breeding; dairying; estrus; Ethiopia; female; lactation; methodology; milk; parity; physiology; pregnancy; pregnancy rate; reproduction; season; secretion; suckling; time; Animals; Animals, Suckling; Cattle; Crosses, Genetic; Dairying; Estrus; Ethiopia; Female; Lactation; Milk; Parity; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Rate; Pregnancy, Animal; Progesterone; Reproduction; Seasons; Time Factors; Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-39749102765	Growth performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle fed different levels of macadamia oil cake	Acheampong-Boateng O., Mikasi M.S., Benyi K., Amey A.K.A.	2008	Tropical Animal Health and Production	40	3	10.1007/s11250-007-9076-3	Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; Department of Statistics, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa	Acheampong-Boateng, O., Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; Mikasi, M.S., Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; Benyi, K., Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; Amey, A.K.A., Department of Statistics, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa	Eighteen cattle (six Bonsmara males, seven Simmanteler x Beefmaster males and five Simmanteler x Beefmaster females) were assigned to three diets containing 0% (Control), 10% and 20% Macadamia oil cake to evaluate the effects of different levels of Macadamia oilcake (MOC) on feed intake, growth performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle. Differences in average feed intake were not significant (P>0.05). Average daily gains on the 0% and 20% MOC diets were not significantly different (P<0.05) but were significantly higher than the average gain on 10% MOC (P<0.05). The inclusion of 20% MOC increased feed conversion ratio significantly (P<0.05) compared with the other two treatments. The control group had significantly heavier warm carcasses than the 10% and 20% MOC groups and the 20% MOC group had significantly heavier carcasses than the 10% MOC group. The inclusion of MOC did not significantly affect the dressing percentage and conformation scores of the animals (P>0.05). There were no condemned livers, suggesting that either there were no toxic factors in the feed or, even if present, were probably inactive in the liver. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Carcass characteristics; Cattle; Growth performance; Macadamia oil cake	vegetable oil; animal; animal food; article; body composition; cattle; chemistry; dose response; drug effect; female; growth, development and aging; Macadamia; male; physiology; randomization; weight gain; Animal Feed; Animal Nutrition Physiology; Animals; Body Composition; Cattle; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Macadamia; Male; Plant Oils; Random Allocation; Weight Gain; Animalia; Bos; Macadamia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-39749160280	Effect of polyethylene glycol 4000 supplementation on the performance of indigenous Pedi goats fed different levels of Acacia nilotica leaf meal and ad libitum Buffalo grass hay	Motubatse M.R., Ng'ambi J.W., Norris D., Malatje M.M.	2008	Tropical Animal Health and Production	40	3	10.1007/s11250-007-9086-1	Dept. of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, P Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa	Motubatse, M.R., Dept. of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, P Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; Ng'ambi, J.W., Dept. of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, P Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; Norris, D., Dept. of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, P Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; Malatje, M.M., Dept. of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, P Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa	In a first of two experiments, twenty yearling male Pedi goats weighing 21.3±0.5 kg live weight were used in a 37-day study in a 2 (levels of PEG 4000) × 2 (levels of Acacia) Factorial arrangement in a Completely Randomised Design to determine the effect of the level of Acacia nilotica leaf meal supplementation plus 23 g polyethylene glycol 4000 on diet intake and digestibility, and growth rate of Pedi goats fed ad libitum Buffalo grass hay. Acacia nilotica leaf meal contained high amounts of total phenolics (2.04 % DM) and low amounts of condensed tannins; both extracted (0.37 % DM) and unextracted (1.83 % DM). Supplementation with PEG 4000 increased (P<0.05) crude protein intake as the level of Acacia nilotica leaf meal increased from 80 to 120 g. Similarly, treatment with PEG 4000 improved (P<0.05) DM, OM and CP digestibilities when compared to 80 g Acacia nilotica leaf meal. Supplementation with PEG 4000 resulted in an increase (P<0.05) in blood urea concentrations. Polyethylene glycol 4000 has the potential to improve the feeding value of A. nilotica leaf meal and can, therefore, be used in the feeding systems for ruminant animals. The second experiment determined the effect of A. nilotica leaf meal supplementation on in vitro digestibility of the diets similar to the actual ratios of the first experiment. Level of A. nilotica leaf meal supplementation plus 23 g PEG 4000 supplementation improved (P<0.05) in vitro DM, OM and CP digestibilities where 120 g A. nilotica leaf meal was supplemented. Similarly, 23 g PEG 4000 supplementation also improved (P<0.05) in vitro CP digestibility where 80 g A. nilotica leaf meal was supplemented. In vivo DM and OM digestibilities were best predicted from in vitro DM and OM digestibilities while in vivo CP was explained by in vitro OM and CP digestibilities. It is, therefore, concluded that in vitro DM and OM digestibilities have good capacity to predict in vivo DM and OM digestibilities while OM and CP digestibilities have good capacity to predict in vivo CP digestibility. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Acacia nilotica; Goats; Polyethylene glycol; Tannins	macrogol derivative; tannin derivative; Acacia; animal; animal food; article; crossover procedure; diet supplementation; digestion; dose response; duodenum; goat; growth, development and aging; male; metabolism; nutritional value; physiology; plant leaf; Poaceae; randomization; ruminant stomach; weight gain; Acacia; Animal Feed; Animal Nutrition Physiology; Animals; Cross-Over Studies; Dietary Supplements; Digestion; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Duodenum; Goats; Male; Nutritive Value; Plant Leaves; Poaceae; Polyethylene Glycols; Random Allocation; Rumen; Tannins; Weight Gain; Acacia; Acacia nilotica; Animalia; Bovidae; Capra hircus; Urochloa mutica	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-46249104990	The effect feeding forage legumes as nitrogen supplement on growth performance of sheep	Baloyi J.J., Ngongoni N.T., Hamudikuwanda H.	2008	Tropical Animal Health and Production	40	6	10.1007/s11250-007-9120-3	Department of Animal Science, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Agriculture, Animal Health and Human Ecology, University of South Africa, UNISA, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria 0003, South Africa	Baloyi, J.J., Department of Animal Science, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe, Department of Agriculture, Animal Health and Human Ecology, University of South Africa, UNISA, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria 0003, South Africa; Ngongoni, N.T., Department of Animal Science, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Hamudikuwanda, H., Department of Animal Science, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	The effect of feeding forage legumes, Cowpea, Silverleaf desmodium and Oxley fine stem stylo, as protein supplements to natural pasture (veld) hay on intake, growth rate and nitrogen metabolism in growing lambs was evaluated. Thirty growing lambs were stratified according to body weight and randomly assigned, within a stratum, to five diets in a completely randomised design. The diets were veld hay alone (V), veld hay supplemented with either 10 g/kg of urea (VU), veld hay supplemented with 250 g/kg Cowpea (VC), 250 g/kg Silverleaf desmodium (VS) or 250 g/kg Oxley fine stem stylo (VF) forage legume hays. The V and the VU groups were used as control diets. Animals supplemented with either urea or the forage legume had higher (P<0.01) total dry matter intake compared with the animals on V. The animals supplemented with the forage legumes had higher (P<0.01) nitrogen intake and faecal nitrogen output than the non-supplemented group. All animals, across the treatments, lost body weight; lambs on V had higher (P<0.01) body weight losses than those in the other treatments. The forage legume supplemented groups lost less (P<0.01) body weight than those on the V and VU diets. Although supplementation with forage legumes enhanced feed intake and reduced weight losses it did not maintain body weights of lambs fed a basal diet of poor quality roughages. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Forage legumes; Growth; Nitrogen; Sheep; Supplementary feeding	nitrogen; animal; article; chemistry; diet supplementation; eating; feces; growth, development and aging; legume; metabolism; physiology; randomization; sheep; Animals; Dietary Supplements; Eating; Fabaceae; Feces; Nitrogen; Random Allocation; Sheep; Animalia; Desmodium; Ovis aries; Stylosanthes guianensis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-57349136739	Effect of dietary lysine to crude protein ratio on performance of male Ross 308 broiler chickens	Ng'ambi J.W., Maoba S.M., Norris D., Malatje M.S., Mbajiorgu C.A.	2009	Tropical Animal Health and Production	41	1	10.1007/s11250-008-9148-z	Dept. of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, P Bag X 1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa	Ng'ambi, J.W., Dept. of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, P Bag X 1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; Maoba, S.M., Dept. of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, P Bag X 1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; Norris, D., Dept. of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, P Bag X 1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; Malatje, M.S., Dept. of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, P Bag X 1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; Mbajiorgu, C.A., Dept. of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, P Bag X 1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa	Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of dietary lysine to crude protein ratio on performance of male Ross 308 broiler chickens. In each experiment the diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous but with different lysine to crude protein ratios. A complete randomized design was used in both experiments, the starter (1-21 days) and grower (22-42 days) experiments. The three starter diets, based on lysine to crude protein ratios, were L0 (0.055), L1 (0.066) and L2 (0.077), while grower diets were L3(0.047), L4(0.061) and L5(0.074). A quadratic type equation was used to determine ratios for optimum growth rate, feed conversion ratio, breast meat yield and breast meat nitrogen content. Dietary lysine to crude protein ratios of 0.066 and 0.077 supported optimum growth rate and feed conversion ratio, respectively, during the starter period. Dietary lysine to crude protein ratios of 0.073, 0.073, 0.069 and 0.079 supported optimum growth rate, feed conversion and breast meat yield and nitrogen content during the grower phase. Dietary lysine to crude protein ratio had no effect on diet intake and digestibility. The results indicate that at each phase a single dietary lysine to crude protein optimized both growth rate and feed conversion ratio. However, the ratio for optimum breast meat yield was lower than that for optimum growth rate and feed conversion ratio. These findings have implications on ration formulation for broiler chickens. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Breast meat nitrogen content; Breast meat yield; FCR; Growth rate; Lysine to crude protein ratio; Ross 308 broiler chickens	lysine; animal; animal food; article; body composition; caloric intake; chicken; dose response; drug effect; growth, development and aging; male; meat; nutritional requirement; physiology; protein intake; randomization; standard; weight gain; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Body Composition; Chickens; Dietary Proteins; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Energy Intake; Lysine; Male; Meat; Nutritional Requirements; Random Allocation; Weight Gain; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-57349198763	Effects of 12 hour calf withdrawal on conception rate and calf performance of Bos indicus cattle under extensive conditions	Escrivão R.J.A., Webb E.C., Garcês A.P.J.T.	2009	Tropical Animal Health and Production	41	1	10.1007/s11250-008-9168-8	Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique; Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Escrivão, R.J.A., Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique; Webb, E.C., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Garcês, A.P.J.T., Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique	Fifty-two multiparous Brahman type cows with reproductive tract scoring (RTS) ≥4 at 45 days post-partum were randomly assigned to two groups of 26 cows each separated into an ad libitum suckling group (C) and treatment group (T). Calves in the T group were separated for 12 h during the night from 45 days post-partum to the onset of the breeding season. Body condition score (BCS) and body weight (BW) were recorded 45 days post-partum, at the start of the breeding season, and at pregnancy diagnosis. Calves were weighed at calving and weaning. Weaning weights were corrected to 205 days. BW and BCS at the onset of the breeding season were similar (p>0.05) between the experimental groups. Calving to breeding intervals were 93±18 d and 99±22 d for T and C groups, respectively. Calving to conception intervals differed significantly between the groups (111±10 d for T and 133±19 d for C) and a similar result was obtained for the breeding to conception intervals (18±15 d for T and 31±19 d for C). Conception rates were 80% for the T group and 59% for the C group, which correlated better with BW than BCS at the onset of the breeding season. Weaning weights differed (p<0.05) between C and T groups. From 45 days post-partum to the onset of the breeding season, cows in the T group experienced a positive energy balance (3%) while those in the C group had a negative energy balance (-0.1%). It was concluded that 12 h calf separation at night increases the conception rates and improves the calf weaning weights of Bos indicus beef cattle under extensive production systems in sub-tropical conditions. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	BCS; Beef cows; BW; Calf removal; Reproduction; Weaning weight	animal; animal husbandry; article; body composition; breeding; cattle; energy metabolism; female; growth, development and aging; methodology; newborn; parity; physiology; pregnancy; pregnancy rate; puerperium; randomization; reproduction; season; time; weaning; weight gain; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Body Composition; Breeding; Cattle; Energy Metabolism; Female; Parity; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Rate; Random Allocation; Reproduction; Seasons; Time Factors; Weaning; Weight Gain; Bos; Bos indicus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-59549101414	Performance of growing indigenous goats fed diets based on urban market crop wastes	Katongole C.B., Sabiiti E.N., Bareeba F.B., Ledin I.	2009	Tropical Animal Health and Production	41	3	10.1007/s11250-008-9193-7	Department of Animal Science, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Crop Science, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7024, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden	Katongole, C.B., Department of Animal Science, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Sabiiti, E.N., Department of Crop Science, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Bareeba, F.B., Department of Animal Science, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Ledin, I., Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7024, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden	The effect of feeding diets including market crop wastes (sweet potato vines (Ipomoea batatas) and scarlet eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum)) on growth and digestibility was studied using 32 indigenous intact growing male goats. Adding elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum), maize bran and Leucaena leucocephala leaves, four isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets (Sweet potato vines, Solanum, Mixed and Control) were formulated. After the growth trial, 12 goats were randomly selected for a digestibility trial with the same diets, and 8 goats for a feed preference test comparing the market wastes and elephant grass. Crude protein (CP) intake was highest (P∈<∈0.05) for the Control (48 g/day) and lowest for the Sweet potato vines diet (23 g/day). Average daily gain was between 11.0 and 14.2 g/day, and similar between diets. The DM and CP digestibilities of the diets were 0.56 and 0.56 (Control), 0.62 and 0.56 (Mixed), 0.59 and 0.49 (Sweet potato vines), and 0.54 and 0.45 (Solanum), respectively. Faecal and urinary N excretions were highest in goats fed the Sweet potato vines and Solanum diets. Eggplant wastes were the least (P∈<∈0.05) preferred. On average the goats spent 5% of their 8-hour time eating eggplant wastes, 34% on sweet potato vines and 36% on elephant grass. Growth performance and N retention were low due to the low intake of feed, especially eggplant wastes. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Feed preference; Ipomoea batatas; Solanum aethiopicum; Urban market crop wastes	nitrogen; vegetable protein; animal; animal food; article; aubergine; chemistry; digestion; feces; goat; growth, development and aging; maize; male; metabolism; nutritional value; pearl millet; physiology; plant leaf; protein intake; randomization; sweet potato; Uganda; urine; weight gain; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Dietary Proteins; Digestion; Feces; Goats; Ipomoea batatas; Male; Nitrogen; Nutritive Value; Pennisetum; Plant Leaves; Plant Proteins; Random Allocation; Solanum melongena; Uganda; Weight Gain; Zea mays; Capra hircus; Ipomoea batatas; Leucaena leucocephala; Pennisetum glaucum; Pennisetum purpureum; Solanum; Solanum aethiopicum; Solanum melongena; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-59449111110	Effect of quantitative feed restriction on broiler performance	Khetani T.L., Nkukwana T.T., Chimonyo M., Muchenje V.	2009	Tropical Animal Health and Production	41	3	10.1007/s11250-008-9200-z	Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa	Khetani, T.L., Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa; Nkukwana, T.T., Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa; Chimonyo, M., Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa; Muchenje, V., Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa	The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of quantitative feed restriction on the performance of broilers. A total of 270 unsexed broilers were randomly allocated to three treatments: with no feed restriction (T1), one week (T2) and two (T3) weeks of feed restriction from 22 days of age and then fed ad libitum until the age of 42 days. Treatments were replicated three times with 30 birds per replicate. Birds were fed with starter, grower and finisher diets. The feed consumed and body weights were recorded every week from the third to the sixth week. The average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) were computed for each week. At Week 6, body weights of T3 birds were similar (P∈>∈0.05) to those of T1 and T2 birds. There were also no treatment effects on the ADG at Week 6. In addition, no treatment effects (P∈>∈0.05) were observed on ADFI at each stage of growth. Since ADFI and FCR were similar among the three groups, it was concluded that feed restriction by limiting the time to eat was not successful. There was also no evidence of compensatory growth in the restricted groups. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Average daily gain; Compensatory growth; Feed conversion efficiency	adaptation; animal; animal food; article; caloric intake; caloric restriction; chicken; growth, development and aging; metabolism; newborn; physiology; randomization; time; weight gain; Adaptation, Physiological; Animal Feed; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Caloric Restriction; Chickens; Energy Intake; Random Allocation; Time Factors; Weight Gain; Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-62949189506	Effect of doe milking and supplementation using Dichrostachys cinerea pods on kid and doe performance in grazing goats during the dry season	Maphosa V., Sikosana J.L.N., Muchenje V.	2009	Tropical Animal Health and Production	41	4	10.1007/s11250-008-9218-2	Matopos Research Station, P. Bag K 5137, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; Zimbabwe Open University, P.O. Box 3550, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa	Maphosa, V., Matopos Research Station, P. Bag K 5137, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa; Sikosana, J.L.N., Matopos Research Station, P. Bag K 5137, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; Muchenje, V., Zimbabwe Open University, P.O. Box 3550, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa	Effects of supplementation and milking of Matebele does four weeks pre-partum to weaning, on milk yield, kid birth weight and growth rate were studied. Forty does were divided into four treatments: supplemented and milked (SM), supplemented and not milked (SNM), not supplemented and milked (NSM); and not supplemented and not milked (NSNM). Supplemented goats were given 200 g/doe/day of Dichrostachys cinerea pods containing 19% CP. The study was carried out in September during time of feed unavailability and animals were grazed on rangelands for seven hours before being given the supplement. Fifty-six kids were born from all the experimental animals and 24 were singles whereas 32 were twins. Milk yield was higher (P<0.05) in supplemented than non-supplemented does. Although supplementation had no effect on kid birth weights, growth rates were higher (P<0.05) in the SNM group (103±10.1 g/day) than in the SM group (74±10.8 g/day). Among the non-supplemented groups, kids from milked does had higher (P<0.05) daily gains (85±10.9 g/day) than those from non-milked does (67±10.7 g/day). Weaning weights were higher (P<0.05) in SNM does (12.8±1.30 g/day) than in the SM does (10.2±1.17 g/day). Among kids from the non-supplemented does, those from milked does had superior (P<0.05) weaning weights (11.2±1.23 g/day) than those from non - milked does (9.2±1.27 g/day). Mortalities were also lowest in kids born from SNM does. It is concluded that pre-partum to weaning supplementation generally increases milk production which then increases kids growth rates and weaning weights, as well as reduce kid mortalities. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Doe performance; Goat milking; Kid performance; Matebele goat; Supplementation	animal; animal disease; animal food; animal husbandry; article; chemistry; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; dairying; diet; female; goat; growth, development and aging; lactation; legume; milk; physiology; randomized controlled trial; season; suckling; Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Animals, Suckling; Dairying; Diet; Fabaceae; Female; Goats; Lactation; Milk; Seasons; Animalia; Capra hircus; Dichrostachys cinerea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67349126596	Economic impact of ticks and tick-borne diseases on cattle production systems around Lake Mburo National Park in South Western Uganda	Ocaido M., Muwazi R.T., Opuda J.A.	2009	Tropical Animal Health and Production	41	5	10.1007/s11250-008-9245-z	Department of Wildlife and Animal Resource Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Epidemiology, Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda	Ocaido, M., Department of Wildlife and Animal Resource Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Muwazi, R.T., Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Opuda, J.A., Department of Epidemiology, Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda	A longitudinal economic impact study of Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases (TTBDs) in cattle around Lake Mburo National Park (LMNP) was done. Impact was valued using Uganda Shilling (Ug. Shs) (exchange rate of 1USD to Ug. Shs 1,420). The costs for controlling TTBDs was constituting 85.6∈±∈3.2% (pastoral) and 73.8∈±∈4.2% (ranches) to total disease control costs. The main costs were on tick control, constituting 83.1% (ranches) and 87.9% (pastoral). In pastoral herds, the costs were negatively correlated to herd size (r∈=∈-0.99). The mean annual cost per cattle for controlling TTBDs for ranch and pastoral herds was similar Ug. Shs 5, 900∈±∈545. The mean annual Economic Cost (EC) of TTBDs per cattle was not significantly different (p∈>∈0.05) between pastoral (Ug. Shs 6,700∈±∈580) and ranch herds (Ug. Shs 7,600∈±∈970). The mean annual EC per cattle was negatively correlated (r∈=∈-0.99) with herd size in pastoral systems contrary to positive correlation (r∈=∈0.99) observed among the ranches. The major component of EC of TTBDs of 88.2% (pastoral) and 78.6% (ranches) was due to their control. The other component was owed to mortality, which was positively correlated (p∈<∈0.01) to the ranch herd size. The total annual EC of TTBDs around LMNP was Ug. Shs 437,754,600 (USD 308,144). © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Economic cost; Lake Mburo Area; Pastoral and ranch cattle herds; Ticks and tick borne diseases	animal; animal disease; article; cattle; cattle disease; cost benefit analysis; economics; female; growth, development and aging; insect control; longitudinal study; male; parasitology; questionnaire; rural population; tick; tick borne disease; Uganda; Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Female; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Questionnaires; Rural Population; Tick Control; Tick-Borne Diseases; Ticks; Uganda; Bos; Hexapoda; Ixodida	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349673718	Impact of management interventions on smallholder dairy farms of the western highlands of cameroon	Bayemi P.H., Webb E.C., Ndambi A., Ntam F., Chinda V.	2009	Tropical Animal Health and Production	41	6	10.1007/s11250-008-9278-3	Institute of Agricultural Research for Development, Bambui B.P., 51 Bamenda, Cameroon; Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Prestoria, South Africa; IFCN Dairy Research Center, Schauenburger Str. 116, 24118 Kiel, Germany	Bayemi, P.H., Institute of Agricultural Research for Development, Bambui B.P., 51 Bamenda, Cameroon; Webb, E.C., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Prestoria, South Africa; Ndambi, A., IFCN Dairy Research Center, Schauenburger Str. 116, 24118 Kiel, Germany; Ntam, F., Institute of Agricultural Research for Development, Bambui B.P., 51 Bamenda, Cameroon; Chinda, V., Institute of Agricultural Research for Development, Bambui B.P., 51 Bamenda, Cameroon	A study was carried out to evaluate the impact of interventions to solve constraints in smallholder dairy farms of the Western Highlands of Cameroon. The interventions consisted of improved breeding through introduction of artificial insemination, better feed supplementation, farmers training in milk processing and better veterinary services. Results show that there was a decrease in average monthly expenditures of 18% relative to the month before interventions started. Much of the expenditures were related to feed (38% of all costs). There was an overall increase in farm income. Close to 2/3 of the income were derived from milk products from home processed milk and culled animals. Only 7% income came from milk sold to the processing plant. The partial budget shows that before interventions, farmers lost $4.5/cow/month but gained $38/cow/month because of the interventions. The return was 2.32 and included opportunity income for milk home consumed and shared. When this opportunity income was ignored, the return stood at 1.93. The positive impact of interventions led to poverty alleviation and some farmers acquired more cows. A spill over effect is that more crop farmers are willing to be engaged at least partially in dairy farming. It will be good if many more farmers could benefit from these interventions. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.	Cameroon; Interventions; Partial budget; Smallholder dairy	animal; animal husbandry; article; breeding; Cameroon; cattle; dairying; economics; management; methodology; organization and management; statistics; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Breeding; Cameroon; Cattle; Dairying; Management Audit; Animalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349678957	The effects of anthelmintic treatments against gastrointestinal nematodes on the performance of breeding ewes and lambs on pasture in semi-arid Kenya	Ng'ang'a C.J., Maingi N., Kanyari P.W.N., Munyua W.K.	2009	Tropical Animal Health and Production	41	6	10.1007/s11250-008-9280-9	Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, 00625 Kangemi, Nairobi, Kenya	Ng'ang'a, C.J., Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, 00625 Kangemi, Nairobi, Kenya; Maingi, N., Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, 00625 Kangemi, Nairobi, Kenya; Kanyari, P.W.N., Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, 00625 Kangemi, Nairobi, Kenya; Munyua, W.K., Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, 00625 Kangemi, Nairobi, Kenya	The effects of anthelmintics treatments in controlling gastrointestinal nematodes in breeding ewes in a semi-arid area of Kenya were determined. The study carried out during two breeding seasons, between June 2000 and December 2001 where albendazole was administered to groups of ewes, 2 weeks before mating, 3 weeks to lambing and mid lactation indicated significantly lower nematode egg counts in treated than untreated groups of ewes. In the first breeding season, reduced rainfall resulted in pasture scarcity and weight loss in both groups of ewes through out the gestation period, but losses were higher for the untreated group. In the second season, both groups of ewes showed a steady increase in weight gain during the gestation period and post-partum, but weight gains were higher in the treated group. In lambs, weight gains at 6 weeks were higher for treated ewes than control groups, in both breeding seasons. The results of this trial indicate that anthelmintic treatments in breeding ewes in the study area are beneficial in reducing gastrointestinal nematode infections and improving performance of the ewes and their lambs. In addition to the treatments, breeding ewes should be given feed supplementation particularly during periods of pasture scarcity. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.	Anthelmintics; Breeding ewes; Gastrointestinal nematodes; Lambing weights; Weight gains	anthelmintic agent; analysis of variance; animal; animal disease; article; drug effect; gastrointestinal disease; Kenya; nematode; parasitology; sheep; sheep disease; treatment outcome; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Anthelmintics; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Kenya; Nematoda; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Treatment Outcome; Nematoda; Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349653788	Evaluation of the efficacy of anthelmintics sold on Ethiopian markets against Haemonchus contortus in experimentally infected Sheep	Chaka H., Eguale T., Lidetu D., Gizaw D.	2009	Tropical Animal Health and Production	41	6	10.1007/s11250-008-9287-2	Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, P.O. Box 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia	Chaka, H., Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, P.O. Box 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia; Eguale, T., Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, P.O. Box 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia; Lidetu, D., Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, P.O. Box 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia; Gizaw, D., Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, P.O. Box 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia	A total of 54 lambs, aged between 6-8 months were experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus to evaluate the efficacy of different anthelmintic brands sold on Ethiopian markets using the faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) and controlled anthelmintic efficacy trial. Accordingly four different albendazole (Alzole®, Analgon-300®, Albenjung_s® and Ahshialben-300®), two tetramisole (Tetsole® and Ashitetra 600) and two tetramisole-oxyclozanide (Tetraclozan sheep® and Tetraclozash 900®) brands were evaluated at the dosage rates recommended by the manufacturers. Animals were allocated into nine groups of six animals each, and balanced for faecal egg counts (FEC), based on their pre-treatment FEC and treatments were randomized among the groups. One group was kept untreated as a control. Faecal egg count was conducted on day 30 post-infection (day of treatment) and on the 10th day post-treatment. Evaluation of anthelmintics based on FECRT revealed high efficacy (99.55-100% reduction in FEC) for all anthelmintic brands tested against H. contortus. The worm count reduction test using controlled anthelmintic efficacy trial also supported the above finding with 99-100% efficacy of the tested anthelmintics. Therefore, the suspicion on the anthelmintic products as being substandard in quality is not credible, at least, for the brands investigated in this study and it might rather be attributed to under dosing. The need for a good extension system for livestock producers with regard to good anthelmintic usage practices, in light of the inevitable development of anthelminitic resistance, is emphasized. Regular surveillance and laboratory quality evaluation of the anthelmintic products in Ethiopia is indicated. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.	Anthelmintics; Efficacy; Ethiopia; H. contortus; Sheep	anthelmintic agent; veterinary drug; animal; animal disease; article; comparative study; dose response; evaluation; feces; haemonchosis; Haemonchus; parasitology; sheep; sheep disease; treatment outcome; Animals; Anthelmintics; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Feces; Haemonchiasis; Haemonchus; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Treatment Outcome; Veterinary Drugs; Animalia; Haemonchus contortus; Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350347388	Performance and limitation of two dairy production systems in the North western Ethiopian highlands	Ayenew Y.A., Wurzinger M., Tegegne A., Zollitsch W.	2009	Tropical Animal Health and Production	41	7	10.1007/s11250-008-9294-3	Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, Division of Livestock Sciences, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Andassa Livestock Research Centre, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya	Ayenew, Y.A., Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, Division of Livestock Sciences, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria, Andassa Livestock Research Centre, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Wurzinger, M., Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, Division of Livestock Sciences, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya; Tegegne, A., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Zollitsch, W., Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, Division of Livestock Sciences, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria	In order to characterise the dairy production systems as well as the productive and reproductive performance of dairy cows in the study area, a total of 256 and 54 dairy farms were used for survey and monitoring data collection, respectively. Based on breed, land size, feed and market accessibility, two major dairy production systems were identified: a rather specialized, urban, and a peri-urban dairy production system. Urban farmers owned larger herds but farmed less land, and sold a greater proportion of liquid milk than peri-urban farmers, who processed more milk. Purchased feed played a more important role for the feed supply of urban than peri-urban farms. Significant breed effects were found for productive and reproductive performance traits. It is concluded that improved breeding and health management, genetic improvement of local breeds and supplementation of poor quality feed resources are the key factors for enhancing productivity of dairy cows and thereby increasing family income from milk production. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.	Dairy cows; Ethiopia; Milk yield; Production system; Reproduction	animal; animal food; article; breeding; cattle; dairying; Ethiopia; female; genetics; methodology; milk; physiology; questionnaire; reproduction; statistical model; statistics; tropic climate; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Breeding; Cattle; Dairying; Ethiopia; Female; Linear Models; Milk; Questionnaires; Reproduction; Tropical Climate; Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350324530	Productive and reproductive performance of strategically supplemented free grazing prepartum Bunaji cows in the agropastoral farming system	Olafadehan O.A., Adewumi M.K.	2009	Tropical Animal Health and Production	41	7	10.1007/s11250-009-9312-0	Department of Animal Production Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, P.M.B. 268, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Abuja, Abuja,	Olafadehan, O.A., Department of Animal Production Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, P.M.B. 268, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria, Department of Animal Science, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria; Adewumi, M.K., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The effects of prepartum supplementary feeding on the productive and reproductive performance were investigated using grazing gestating Bunaji cows with an average initial body weight of 294.50 ± 3.75 kg. Twenty cows were allocated to a completely randomized design, with five animals per treatment. The treatments were: A, range grazing (RG); B, RG + 100% corn bran (CB); C, RG + 60% CB + 40% palm kernel cake (PKC), and D, RG + 60% CB + 40% dried brewer's grains (DBG). The average daily gains (ADG) and body condition scores (BCS) of supplemented cows were significantly better than the non-supplemented cows. Postpartum weight loss was markedly reduced in supplemented cows compared to their non-supplemented counterparts. Mean milk offtake and mean milk yield per lactation were significantly lower in non-supplemented cows than the supplemented ones. Among the supplemented cows, ADG, BCS, mean milk offtake and milk yield per lactation were significantly better for cows on treatments C and D than those on treatment B. Though insignificant, longest lactation length (LL) and shortest calving interval were obtained for supplemented cows. Calf's birth weight was similar among the treatments. Milk yield was significantly influenced (R2 = 0.8601) by cow's weight, BCS and LL. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009.	Performance; Prepartum Bunaji cows; Smallholder dairy production system; Supplementation	animal; animal husbandry; article; body constitution; cattle; dairying; diet supplementation; female; methodology; milk; Nigeria; physiology; pregnancy; reproduction; statistics; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Body Constitution; Cattle; Dairying; Dietary Supplements; Female; Milk; Nigeria; Pregnancy; Reproduction; Animalia; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350271457	Effects on performance of growing pigs fed diets containing different levels of dried cashew pulp	Oddoye E.O.K., Takrama J.F., Anchirina V., Agyente-Badu K.	2009	Tropical Animal Health and Production	41	7	10.1007/s11250-009-9349-0	Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box 8, New Tafo-Akim, Eastern Region, Ghana	Oddoye, E.O.K., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box 8, New Tafo-Akim, Eastern Region, Ghana; Takrama, J.F., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box 8, New Tafo-Akim, Eastern Region, Ghana; Anchirina, V., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box 8, New Tafo-Akim, Eastern Region, Ghana; Agyente-Badu, K., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box 8, New Tafo-Akim, Eastern Region, Ghana	The purpose was to investigate the use of dried cashew pulp (DrCP), the sun-dried residue after juice has been extracted from the cashew apple, as a feed ingredient in growing pig diets. The growth rate, feed intake, feed to gain ratio and cost of gain of grower pigs fed diets containing 0 (0DrCP), 100 (100DrCP), 150 (150DrCP) or 200 (200DrCP) g kg-1 of dried cashew pulp was investigated in a feeding trial set up as a Completely randomized design with 4 treatments replicated 3 times and lasting 112 days. There were no significant differences (P &gt; 0.05) among treatments in the parameters measured. It was concluded that dried cashew pulp could be used in growing pig diets up to a level of 200 g kg-1 without any deleterious effects. Future work will look at higher levels of DrCP inclusion in the diets of growing pigs. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V 2009.	Cashew; Dried cashew pulp; Feeding trial; Growing pigs	animal; animal disease; animal food; article; cashew nut; diet; economics; Ghana; growth, development and aging; swine; Anacardium; Animal Feed; Animals; Diet; Ghana; Sus scrofa; Anacardium occidentale; Malus x domestica; Suidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350271441	Milk yield and reproductive performance of dairy cattle under smallholder management system in North-eastern Amhara Region, Ethiopia	Abraha S., Belihu K., Bekana M., Lobago F.	2009	Tropical Animal Health and Production	41	7	10.1007/s11250-009-9352-5	Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	Abraha, S., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Belihu, K., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Bekana, M., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Lobago, F., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	This study was conducted in South Wollo Zone of Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, to assess the milk yield and reproductive performance of indigenous and crossbred cattle under smallholder management conditions. Questionnaire survey was used to collect retrospective data on the performance of dairy cattle in 186 households. Thirty two postpartum cows (16 indigenous and 16 crossbred) were selected purposively and monitored for five months and milk samples were collected twice per week from each cow to determine postpartum ovarian activity using ELISA techniques. Daily milk yields at all stages of lactation were significantly (P &lt; 0.01) higher in crossbred than indigenous cows. Crossbred cows had significantly (P &lt; 0.01) longer lactation length and shorter age at first calving, while calving interval was significantly shorter in cows that gave previous calves during the wet season than the dry season. Only six cows (18.8%) showed heat signs on an average of 136 days postpartum of which one was a crossbred and five were indigenous. While, 11 cows (34.3%) resumed ovarian activity until 150 th day postpartum among which three were crossbred and eight were indigenous. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V 2009.	Dairy cattle; Ethiopia; Milk yield; Reproductive performance; Smallholder	progesterone; animal; animal husbandry; article; cattle; chemistry; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; Ethiopia; female; fertility; genetics; lactation; methodology; milk; physiology; questionnaire; reproduction; socioeconomics; statistics; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Cattle; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Ethiopia; Female; Fertility; Lactation; Milk; Progesterone; Questionnaires; Reproduction; Socioeconomic Factors; Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951216022	Bovine fasciolosis: Coprological, abattoir survey and its economic impact due to liver condemnation at Soddo municipal abattoir, Southern Ethiopia	Abunna F., Asfaw L., Megersa B., Regassa A.	2010	Tropical Animal Health and Production	42	2	10.1007/s11250-009-9419-3	Hawassa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia	Abunna, F., Hawassa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Asfaw, L., Hawassa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Megersa, B., Hawassa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Regassa, A., Hawassa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia	A study was carried out to determine the prevalence and the species of liver flukes in indigenous adult cattle, to compare the diagnostic efficiency of fecal and post mortem examination and to assess the economic significance of bovine fasciolosis due to liver condemnation in the abattoir. Of the 406 livers and fecal samples examined, 57 (14.0%) and 20 (4.9%) were positive for fasciolosis. The most common liver fluke species affecting the cattle was Fasciola gigantica, 9.1% of cattle were infected with F. gigantica while, Fasciola. hepatica, mixed infections and unidentified or immature forms of Fasciola spp. were present in 3.2 %, 0.7% and 1 % of cattle, respectively. A retrospective abattoir survey revealed that the prevalence of fasciolosis was 12.7%. The prevalence of fasciolosis recorded in this study was lower than that reported by other researchers in this country. There was a strong relationship between fecal examination and postmortem findings of liver lesions, (K = 0.23) but under local conditions, postmortem examination was considered a better diagnostic tool for fasciolosis. Fasciolosis is of significant economic importance as the resultant liver condemnations caused an average loss of 4000 USD per annum. Hence, this disease deserves serious attention by the various stakeholders in order to promote the beef industry in the study area in particular and in the country in general. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009.	Abattoir; Bovine; Coprology; Ethiopia; Fasciolosis; Soddo	Bos; Bovinae; Fasciola; Fasciola gigantica; Fasciola hepatica; Hepatica; animal; animal disease; article; cattle; cattle disease; cross-sectional study; economics; Ethiopia; Fasciola; fascioliasis; feces; isolation and purification; male; parasite identification; parasitology; prevalence; retrospective study; sensitivity and specificity; slaughterhouse; Abattoirs; Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ethiopia; Fasciola; Fascioliasis; Feces; Male; Parasite Egg Count; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951623942	Udder health problems and major bacterial causes of camel mastitis in Jijiga, Eastern Ethiopia: Implication for impacting food security	Abera M., Abdi O., Abunna F., Megersa B.	2010	Tropical Animal Health and Production	42	3	10.1007/s11250-009-9424-6	Hawassa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Po box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia	Abera, M., Hawassa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Po box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Abdi, O., Hawassa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Po box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Abunna, F., Hawassa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Po box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Megersa, B., Hawassa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Po box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia	One hundred and forty-five traditionally kept lactating camels (Camelus dromederius) were examined for mastitis by combination of clinical, mastitis card test and subsequent bacteriological isolation. Clinical and sub-clinical mastitis were prevalent in 8.3% (95%CI = 4.6, 14.4) and 20.7% (95%CI = 14.6, 28.4) of the studied animals, respectively. This gives an overall mastitis prevalence of 29.0% (95%CI = 21.9, 37.2) at animal and 17.9% (95%CI = 14.9, 21.3) at quarter levels. High proportion (33.8%) of lactating camels had blind teats and 5.5% had lesions on udder or teat. Taking clinical mastitis and blocked teats into account, the study revealed that only 57.9% of the camels have four teats for milk production. Out of the 505 quarter milk samples examined, 80 (15.8 %) quarters were positive for indicator paper. Upon subsequent culturing, 68.8% (55 out of 80) of the quarter milk samples yielded bacteria. Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, E. coli and Bacillus species were the major isolates. Mastitis prevalence was significantly (p < 0.05) affected by tick infestations, udder lesions, and increased age and parity of the animals. In conclusion, mastitis is a major problem in traditionally managed camels and deserves further attention owning to its potential impact on milk production affecting food security. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Camels; Card test; Ethiopia; Etiology; Mastitis; Prevalence; Risk factors	Animalia; Bacillus (bacterium); Bacteria (microorganisms); Camelidae; Camelus; Escherichia coli; Ixodida; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus; animal; animal disease; animal husbandry; article; camel; catering service; chemistry; Ethiopia; female; human; information processing; mastitis; microbiology; milk; questionnaire; udder; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Camels; Data Collection; Ethiopia; Female; Food Supply; Humans; Mammary Glands, Animal; Mastitis; Milk; Questionnaires	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951624077	Subclinical endometritis in Zebu x Friesian crossbred dairy cows: Its risk factors, association with subclinical mastitis and effect on reproductive performance	Bacha B., Regassa F.G.	2010	Tropical Animal Health and Production	42	3	10.1007/s11250-009-9433-5	College of Animal Science, Wollega University, P.O. Box 395, Nekemte, Ethiopia; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	Bacha, B., College of Animal Science, Wollega University, P.O. Box 395, Nekemte, Ethiopia; Regassa, F.G., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	A study was carried out on 59 clinically healthy Zebu x Friesian crossbred cows to determine the prevalence of subclinical endometritis, associated factors and its effect on the reproductive performance. Subclinical endometritis was diagnosed by endometrial cytology using uterine lavege technique and subclinical mastitis using CMT. The clinical, management and reproductive data were obtained from a weekly follow up visit of each cow for a period of 6 months after calving. The prevalence of subclinical endometritis, with ≥5% neutrophil count, was 47.5% and 30.5% at week 4 and 8, significantly decreasing (P = 0.002) as postpartum period advanced. Body condition score at week 4 postpartum (OR = 4.5, P = 0.017) and regular cow exercise (OR = 4.8, P = 0.026) were the significant risk factors while post-calving hygiene (P = 0.06) was poorly associated. Subclinical endometritis was also directly associated with subclinical mastitis at both week 4 (OR = 4.5, P = 0.012) and 8 (OR = 3.6, P = 0.031) postpartum. The risk of first service pregnancy (OR = 5.1, P = 0.004) was higher in cows negative for subclinical endometritis at week 8 postpartum and the proportion of cows that required more than 3 services was higher in cows with uterine inflammation. Also the proportion of cows diagnosed pregnant within 180 DIM was higher in cows with normal uterus at both week 4 (OR = 10.3, P = 0.001) and week 8(OR = 21.8, P = 0.001). These results indicated that subclinical endometritis was directly associated with poor body condition and subclinical mastitis and that it had negative effect on reproductive traits of dairy cows. This association may also reflect the possibility of translocation of bacteria/bacterial products from the uterus to the udder or vic-versa or else the presence of common cause for both endometritis and mastitis. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Cows; Endometritis; Mastitis; Reproduction; Subclinical	Bos; Bos indicus; Friesia; animal; animal disease; article; bovine mastitis; cattle; dairying; endometritis; female; pregnancy; prevalence; reproduction; risk factor; Animals; Cattle; Dairying; Endometritis; Female; Mastitis, Bovine; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Reproduction; Risk Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951631493	Evaluation of quality of beef produced and sold in parts of Tigray Region of Ethiopia	Kumar A., Kebede E., Kassaye E.	2010	Tropical Animal Health and Production	42	3	10.1007/s11250-009-9441-5	Department of Population and Preventive Medicine, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Veterinary Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Sciences, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125004, Haryana, India; Head of Department, VPBI, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Director Research, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia	Kumar, A., Department of Population and Preventive Medicine, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia, Veterinary Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia, Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Sciences, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125004, Haryana, India; Kebede, E., Department of Population and Preventive Medicine, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia, Head of Department, VPBI, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Kassaye, E., Department of Population and Preventive Medicine, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia, Director Research, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia	Microbiological and physical quality of 83 samples of beef produced and marketed in some parts of Tigray region of Ethiopia were evaluated. The color, marbling, pH, bleeding status and aerobic plate count (APC) were within permissible limits in 35(42.16%), 47(56.63%), 51 (61.44%), 13(15.66%) and 20(24.09%) samples, respectively. Based on these parameters, a high percentage of samples (varying from 38.56%-84.34%) were of unsatisfactory quality. Such a widespread imperfect bleeding (84.34%) and high APC (75.91%) emphasize the need to improve the techniques of bleeding and hygienic conditions at the time of production of meat at abattoir and its marketing. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Abattoir; Beef; Quality; Quality control	animal; article; bacterial count; cattle; Ethiopia; food control; meat; microbiology; slaughterhouse; standard; Abattoirs; Animals; Cattle; Colony Count, Microbial; Ethiopia; Food Microbiology; Meat	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952879263	Growth performances of Washera sheep under smallholder management systems in Yilmanadensa and Quarit districts, Ethiopia	Taye M., Abebe G., Gizaw S., Lemma S., Mekoya A., Tibbo M.	2010	Tropical Animal Health and Production	42	4	10.1007/s11250-009-9473-x	Andassa Livestock Research Centre, P.O. Box 27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Hawassa University, P.O. Box 5, Awassa, Ethiopia; Debre Berhan Agricultural Research Centre, P.O. Box 112, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia; International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, P.O. Box 5466, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic	Taye, M., Andassa Livestock Research Centre, P.O. Box 27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 5, Awassa, Ethiopia; Abebe, G., Hawassa University, P.O. Box 5, Awassa, Ethiopia; Gizaw, S., Debre Berhan Agricultural Research Centre, P.O. Box 112, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia; Lemma, S., Debre Berhan Agricultural Research Centre, P.O. Box 112, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia; Mekoya, A., Debre Berhan Agricultural Research Centre, P.O. Box 112, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia; Tibbo, M., International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, P.O. Box 5466, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic	A study was conducted to evaluate growth performances of Washera sheep under smallholder production systems in the Yilmanadensa and Quarit districts of the Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. Data were collected and analysed on the growth of 690 lambs owned by 110 households from October 2004 to September 2007. Weight (kilograms) of Washera lambs at birth, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age was 2.69 ± 0.02, 7.10 ± 0.16, 12.42 ± 0.11, 16.12 ± 0.91, 20.05 ± 0.55 and 23.47 ± 0.68, respectively. Birth weight was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by district, year of birth, parity of the dam, birth type and sex of lamb and by the interaction effect of parity by birth type and parity by sex of lamb. Weaning weight was also affected by year of birth, type of birth and sex of lamb. Yearling weight was affected by only year of birth and sex of birth. The average daily weight gain (ADG; grams) from birth to 30 days, birth to 90 days, 90 to 180 days and birth to 1 year of age was 143.37 ± 13.46, 107.09 ± 2.67, 39.78 ± 9.73 and 60.13 ± 1. 89, respectively. Growth rates from birth to 30 and 90 days of age were significantly (P < 0. 05) affected by birth year, birth type and sex. ADG from birth to 1 year of age was affected by lamb sex and district. The indigenous Washera sheep had faster growth rate than those sheep breeds of Ethiopia extensively studied thus far. Integrated efforts combining improved nutrition, health and participatory community-based breeding would help the smallholder farmers to utilise and conserve this immense sheep genetic resource of Ethiopia. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Ethiopia; Growth traits; Sheep; Smallholder management system; Washera breed	animal; animal husbandry; article; birth weight; Ethiopia; female; growth, development and aging; male; methodology; multivariate analysis; physiology; pregnancy; rural population; season; sheep; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Birth Weight; Ethiopia; Female; Male; Multivariate Analysis; Pregnancy; Rural Population; Seasons; Sheep; Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952879306	Effects of different levels of dried sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) leaves inclusion in finisher ration on feed intake, growth, and carcass yield performance of Ross broiler chicks	Tamir B., Tsega W.	2010	Tropical Animal Health and Production	42	4	10.1007/s11250-009-9476-7	Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Andassa Agricultural Research Center, Andassa, Ethiopia	Tamir, B., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Tsega, W., Andassa Agricultural Research Center, Andassa, Ethiopia	The effect of supplementation with increasing levels of dried leaves of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) on feed intake, body weight gain, and carcass yield characteristics of finisher Ross broiler chicks was studied at Haramaya University, Ethiopia. Three hundred Ross broiler chicks aging 29 days and weighing 540 ± 5. 28 g (mean ± SD) were randomly distributed to 15 pens, each with 20 chicks, representing five treatment rations each with three replications. Dietary treatments consisted of inclusions of dried leaves of sweet potato at levels of 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 g/kg DM for treatments T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively. The experiment lasted for 28 days, during which, dry matter intake (DMI), body weight gain, and feed conversion efficiency; carcass yield characteristics; and weights and lengths of different parts of gastrointestinal tract were measured. Data were subjected to statistical analysis using SAS (1998). Inclusion of dried leaves of sweet potato at the level of 200 g/kg DM resulted in lower (P ≤ 0. 01) daily DMI as compared to chicks in control diet (T1). The daily body weight gain declined (P ≤ 0. 01) when the level of dried leaves of sweet potato in the diet was 150 and 200 g/kg DM. Inclusion of dried leaves of sweet potato up to 100 g/kg DM did not affect (P > 0. 05) eviscerated carcass weight, and weights of drumstick with thigh and breast meat were not affected (P > 0. 05) by inclusion of dried leaves of sweet potato up to 150 g/kg DM. The results of this study revealed that inclusion of dried leaves of sweet potato up to 100 g/kg DM in the finisher ration might be considered as the optimum level of supplementation when chickens are sold on live weight basis, but if birds are sold on eviscerated carcass weight basis, inclusion up to 150 g/kg DM might be economically feasible as it produced higher carcass yield components. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Body weight gain; Carcass yield characteristics; Dried leaves of sweet potato; Feed intake; Finisher broiler chicks	animal; article; body weight; chicken; diet supplementation; eating; Ethiopia; growth, development and aging; physiology; plant leaf; randomization; regression analysis; sweet potato; Animals; Body Weight; Chickens; Dietary Supplements; Eating; Ethiopia; Ipomoea batatas; Plant Leaves; Random Allocation; Regression Analysis; Aves; Gallus gallus; Ipomoea batatas	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952889631	Broiler performance on finisher diets containing different levels of either Pleurotus ostreatus-fermented dried cocoa pod husk or dried cocoa pod husk supplemented with enzymes	Alemawor F., Oddoye E.O.K., Dzogbefia V.P., Oldham J.H., Donkoh A.	2010	Tropical Animal Health and Production	42	5	10.1007/s11250-009-9510-9	Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. Box 8, New Tafo-Akim, Ghana; Department of Animal Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Alemawor, F., Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Oddoye, E.O.K., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. Box 8, New Tafo-Akim, Ghana; Dzogbefia, V.P., Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Oldham, J.H., Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Donkoh, A., Department of Animal Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	The purpose was to investigate the feeding value of fibrous cocoa pod husk (CPH) either fermented with Pleurotus ostreatus or supplemented with fibre-degrading multi-enzymes (Viscozyme®L + Pectinex®5XL) before inclusion in diets for 3-week-old finishing broilers. Growth performance and carcass yield of broilers fed diets containing 100, 200 or 300 g kg-1 of the P. ostreatus-fermented CPH or 100, 200 or 300 g kg-1 of the enzyme-supplemented CPH as well as a normal broiler finisher diet (control), were investigated in a 35-day feeding trial setup as a completely randomised design, with the seven treatments replicated three times. There were significant differences (P &gt; 0. 05) among treatments for some of the parameters measured including growth-related indices, percent weights of abdominal fat, intestine, and gizzard. It was concluded that P. ostreatus-fermented dried CPH up to a level of 200 g kg-1 and enzyme-supplemented dried CPH up to a level of 100 g kg-1 could be included in broiler finisher diets without any deleterious effects. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Blood; Broilers; Carcass; Cocoa pod husk; Feeding trial; Multi-enzymes; Pleurotus ostreatus	enzyme; animal; animal disease; animal food; article; cacao; chicken; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; diet; female; fermentation; growth, development and aging; male; physiology; Pleurotus; randomized controlled trial; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Cacao; Chickens; Diet; Enzymes; Female; Fermentation; Male; Pleurotus; Aves; Pleurotus ostreatus; Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952891255	Growth performance and carcass characteristics of indigenous Mukota pigs of Zimbabwe	Chimonyo M., Dzama K., Mapiye C.	2010	Tropical Animal Health and Production	42	5	10.1007/s11250-009-9522-5	Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Chimonyo, M., Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Dzama, K., Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Mapiye, C., Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa	Carcass quality characteristics are essential in affecting grading and revenue that pig producers realize. No information is available on the grading of carcasses in indigenous Mukota pigs of Zimbabwe. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of genotype (Mukota and Large White × Mukota) and sex on post-weaning growth performance and carcass traits of pigs fed maize cob-based diets. All pigs were weighed at 2-week intervals to estimate average daily gain, dressing percentage (DP), and carcass lengths. Backfat thickness was also measured. Males had higher body weight gains than females (P < 0. 05). Growth rates for Mukota (0. 31 ± 0. 010) and crossbred (0. 41 ± 0. 030) pigs were lower in the cool season than the other seasons (P < 0. 05). Body weights were consistently higher in the crossbred than in the Mukota pigs (P < 0. 05). Mukota pigs showed a peak growth between 12 and 14 weeks post-weaning (P < 0. 05). The DPs were 0. 70 and 0. 73 for the Mukota and crossbred pigs, respectively (P < 0. 05). Crossbred pigs had longer (P < 0. 05) carcasses than Mukota (655. 5 ± 1. 68 versus 507. 2 ± 0. 92 mm). Although there were no differences in the backfat thickness between males and females of the crossbred pigs, Mukota males had thicker backfat than the females (P < 0. 05). Crossbreeding is, therefore, significant in improving carcass grades of Mukota pigs. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Backfat; Carcass; Environmental factors; Mukota pigs; Post-weaning growth	animal; article; body composition; female; growth, development and aging; male; physiology; swine; time; weight gain; Zimbabwe; Animals; Body Composition; Female; Male; Swine; Time Factors; Weight Gain; Zimbabwe; Pieris brassicae; Suidae; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956171320	Economic performance of small ruminants in mixed-farming systems of Southern Ethiopia	Legesse G., Siegmund-Schultze M., Abebe G., Zárate A.V.	2010	Tropical Animal Health and Production	42	7	10.1007/s11250-010-9603-5	Department of Animal Production in the Tropics and Subtropics, Hohenheim University, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Hawassa University, Box 05, Awassa, Ethiopia; Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, 12 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada	Legesse, G., Department of Animal Production in the Tropics and Subtropics, Hohenheim University, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany, Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Hawassa University, Box 05, Awassa, Ethiopia, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, 12 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; Siegmund-Schultze, M., Department of Animal Production in the Tropics and Subtropics, Hohenheim University, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany; Abebe, G., Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Hawassa University, Box 05, Awassa, Ethiopia; Zárate, A.V., Department of Animal Production in the Tropics and Subtropics, Hohenheim University, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany	This study evaluates the household income contribution and the profitability of traditional small ruminant enterprises in two mixed-farming systems of southern Ethiopia (viz. Adilo and Kofele). Small ruminant production is an integral part of mixed systems in the Ethiopian highlands. The assessment of the current economic performance of small ruminants indicates production-related opportunities and constraints and provides baseline data against which the success of future interventions can be measured. Detailed information on economic parameters was gathered through a 1-year period of flock and household monitoring (155 households) between September 2005 and August 2006. Structured surveys were conducted with the participating households to elicit information on incomeexpense details of small ruminant and other agricultural enterprises. Small ruminants contributed considerably to cash income and to a limited extent to human nutrition especially when other sources were in short supply. The annual profit per animal ranged from 20 to 37 Ethiopian Birr. The return to capital was 17% in Kofele and 29% in Adilo, with both values vastly exceeding the national interest rate. The sale of small ruminants contributed to 39% and 23% of total farm cash income among small ruminant keepers in Adilo and Kofele, respectively. Sale prices are highest before holidays. Researches should target at how to use available feed resources in a timely and cost-effective fashion to make use of the seasonal market opportunities. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Economic performance; Enterprise budgeting; Ethiopia; Marketing; Mixed farming; Small ruminants	animal; animal husbandry; article; commercial phenomena; cost; economics; Ethiopia; family size; goat; human; income; methodology; season; sheep; statistics; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Commerce; Costs and Cost Analysis; Ethiopia; Family Characteristics; Goats; Humans; Income; Seasons; Sheep; Animalia; Bovidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650989653	Farmers' perceptions of the causes of low reproductive performance in cows kept under low-input communal production systems in South Africa	Nqeno N., Chimonyo M., Mapiye C.	2011	Tropical Animal Health and Production	43	2	10.1007/s11250-010-9691-2	Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa	Nqeno, N., Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Chimonyo, M., Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Mapiye, C., Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa	The objective of the study was to determine farmers' perceptions of the causes of low reproductive performance in Nguni cows raised on communal rangelands in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Data were collected using participatory rural appraisals and structured questionnaires that were administered to 551 randomly selected farmers from ten communities in the Eastern Cape. Cattle herd sizes ranged from 3 to 11 and were mainly composed of cows. Cattle sales were ranked as the most important use of cattle in all the villages. Tick-borne diseases and poor animal condition were reported as chief constraints of cattle production in most communities. More than 60% of the interviewees reported that the age at puberty and age at first calving for their cows varied between 18 and 36, and 24 and 48 months, respectively. About 95% of the respondents reported long calving intervals and low bull numbers as major causes of low reproductive performance in cows in the communal areas. It was concluded that farmers perceived delayed age at puberty and at first calving, long calving intervals and low bull numbers as the major causes of low reproductive performance in Nguni cows raised on communal rangelands in South Africa. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Age at puberty; Calving interval; Cow fertility; Low bull numbers; Youth participation	agriculture; animal; article; cattle; female; information processing; occupation; physiology; pregnancy; questionnaire; reproduction; sexual maturation; South Africa; Agriculture; Animals; Cattle; Data Collection; Female; Occupations; Pregnancy; Questionnaires; Reproduction; Sexual Maturation; South Africa; Animalia; Bos; Ixodida	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650995038	Calf survival and reproductive performance of Holstein-Friesian cows in central Ethiopia	Yalew B., Lobago F., Goshu G.	2011	Tropical Animal Health and Production	43	2	10.1007/s11250-010-9697-9	Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Production Studies, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34 Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	Yalew, B., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Production Studies, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34 Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Lobago, F., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Production Studies, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34 Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Goshu, G., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Production Studies, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34 Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	This study was carried out to evaluate the reproductive performance and calves survival rate of Holstein-Friesian (HF) herd in Holeta, central highland of Ethiopia. A retrospective analysis of 26 years data was carried out, from which records of 724 age at first calving (AFC), 2,022 calving intervals (CI), 2,971 breeding efficiencies (BE), 260 abortions, 111 stillbirths were derived from 795 cows. Moreover, 738 female calves' records were also included for survival rate study. The overall least squares means of AFC, CI, and BE were 40.9 ± 0.33 months, 475 ± 2.84 days, 81.9 ± 0.26%, respectively, while the incidence rates of abortion, stillbirth, and female calves survival rate for this herd were 8.0%, 3.4%, and 77.5%, respectively. The effects of parity number and year of birth/calving on CI and BE were significant (P<0.001). Moreover, birth year had significant (P<0.001) effect on AFC and calves survival rate, while calving season had significant effect on BE. The reproductive performance found in this study was lower than the performance reported in many tropical regions and the genetic potential of HF breed in their origins. Moreover, higher loss due to calf mortality was observed. Thus, the centre should consider appropriate measures to improve its herd reproductive performance and calves survival rate for attaining its aspired objectives. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Calf survival; Ethiopia; Holstein-Friesian herd; Reproductive performance	animal; animal disease; animal husbandry; article; cattle; cattle disease; Ethiopia; female; male; mortality; physiology; reproduction; retrospective study; stillbirth; veterinary abortion; Abortion, Veterinary; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Ethiopia; Female; Male; Mortality; Reproduction; Retrospective Studies; Stillbirth; Friesia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650994201	Growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat sensory evaluation of West African dwarf sheep fed varying levels of maize and cassava hay	Fasae O.A., Adu I.F., Aina A.B.J., Dipeolu M.A.	2011	Tropical Animal Health and Production	43	2	10.1007/s11250-010-9723-y	Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Fasae, O.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Adu, I.F., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Aina, A.B.J., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Dipeolu, M.A., College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	A study was conducted to determine the growth performance and meat yield and quality of West African dwarf sheep. Twenty rams weighing an average of 15.3 ± 0.79 kg live weight and with an average age of 18 months were allotted at random to five dietary treatments of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% maize hay (MH) for a period of 105 days. Dry matter (DM) intake and growth rate of the rams were improved as the level of cassava hay (CH) increased in the diets. Live weight gain varied significantly (P < 0.05) across the treatments, ranging from 38.8 to 47.9 g/day. The carcass weight of the rams fed 100% MH was significantly (P < 0.05) lower compared with the other treatments. Dressing percentage ranged from 56.5% to 61.0% with no significant (P > 0.05) difference observed across the treatments, while the distribution of the slaughtered parts was similar (P > 0.05) regardless of the dietary treatment. Proximate composition of the meat from the loin indicated that the DM, crude protein, fat and ash contents were not influenced (P > 0.05) by the dietary treatments. Panellists rated the meat to be similar (P > 0.05) in flavour, juiciness, tenderness and overall acceptability while colour and texture varied significantly (P < 0.05) across the treatments. In conclusion, this study indicated that better growth performance and meat production in West African dwarf sheep can be improved in form of body weight and carcass production when fed 25%MH and 75% CH diet. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Carcass characteristics; Dwarf sheep; Growth; Hay	animal; animal disease; animal food; article; body composition; cassava; diet; growth, development and aging; maize; meat; physiology; sheep; standard; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Body Composition; Diet; Manihot; Meat; Sheep; Zea mays; Manihot esculenta; Ovis aries; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952187358	Study on seroprevalence, risk factors, and economic impact of foot-and-mouth disease in Borena pastoral and agro-pastoral system, southern Ethiopia	Bayissa B., Ayelet G., Kyule M., Jibril Y., Gelaye E.	2011	Tropical Animal Health and Production	43	4	10.1007/s11250-010-9728-6	Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre zeit, Ethiopia; National Veterinary Institute (NVI), P.O. Box 19, Debre zeit, Ethiopia	Bayissa, B., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre zeit, Ethiopia; Ayelet, G., National Veterinary Institute (NVI), P.O. Box 19, Debre zeit, Ethiopia; Kyule, M., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre zeit, Ethiopia; Jibril, Y., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre zeit, Ethiopia; Gelaye, E., National Veterinary Institute (NVI), P.O. Box 19, Debre zeit, Ethiopia	Cross-sectional serological study and questionnaire survey were conducted in Borana pastoral and agro-pastoral area to determine seroprevalence and risk factors associated with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) infection and to assess community perceptions as to importance of the disease. A multistage random sampling was carried out to select cattle for seroprevalence and households for interviews. Totally, 768 sera were collected from 111 herds. The overall individual level seroprevalence of 23.0% (n=177) and herd level seroprevalence of 58.6% (n=65) were recorded using 3ABC ELISA test. The variation of individual level seroprevalence in districts were statistically significant (P < 0.05) which was 29.9% in Arero, 24.0% in Yabello, and 15.7% in Teltele. From multivariate logistic regression analysis, herd size and age were seen to be significantly (P < 0.05) associated with FMD seroprevalence. The result of the questionnaire survey based on 120 respondents indicated that, the daily milk yield of cows infected with FMD during outbreaks is reduced to an average of 0.5 L for 25.5 days while cows developing heat-intolerance syndrome after acute infection gave an average 0.67 L for 3.8 months and their calving interval prolonged about 12 months. The questionnaire survey in agro-pastoral area of Borena also indicated that FMD-infected oxen remained off-plough for one season when outbreaks occur in cropping time, whereas heat-intolerant oxen were no longer used for traction. These findings of the present study indicated that FMD is a highly prevalent and economically important disease in the Borana pastoral and agro-pastoral production systems which need effective control strategy for the disease. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Agro-pastoral and pastoral; Economic impact; Foot-and-mouth disease; Risk factors; Seroprevalence; Southern Ethiopia	virus antibody; animal; animal disease; animal husbandry; article; blood; cattle; cattle disease; cross-sectional study; economics; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; epidemic; epidemiology; Ethiopia; female; foot and mouth disease; Foot and mouth disease virus; human; immunology; male; milk; prevalence; questionnaire; risk factor; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Antibodies, Viral; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Disease Outbreaks; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Ethiopia; Female; Foot-and-Mouth Disease; Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus; Humans; Male; Milk; Prevalence; Questionnaires; Risk Factors; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79551714785	Study on reproductive performance of Holstein-Friesian dairy cows at Alage Dairy Farm, Rift Valley of Ethiopia	Fekadu A., Kassa T., Belehu K.	2011	Tropical Animal Health and Production	43	3	10.1007/s11250-010-9734-8	Alage Agricultural Technical Vocational and Educational Training College, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Zeway 78, Ethiopia; Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; School of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	Fekadu, A., Alage Agricultural Technical Vocational and Educational Training College, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Zeway 78, Ethiopia; Kassa, T., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Belehu, K., School of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	A retrospective study was carried out to evaluate the reproductive performance of Holstein-Friesian cattle in Alage Dairy Farm in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia using data recorded from July 1983 to June 2005. Data of cows with complete information were considered, and a total of 1,104 records for calving to conception (Cal-Con), calving interval (CI), and number of services per conception (NSC), and 721 records for age at first service (AFS) and at first calving (AFC) were analyzed. The overall means (±S. E.) of AFS, AFC, Cal-Con and CI, and NSC were 991.4 ± 24.3, 1,265 ± 24.3, 285.8 ± 18.9, 561.3 ± 18.9 days and 1.69 ± 0.1, respectively. Parity significantly influenced NSC, Cal-Con, and CI. Season and year showed a significant effect on all the parameters, indicating the role of the environment and more specifically the influence of nutritional conditions at least for the long AFS and AFC, management practices, and climate on reproductive performance of the study herd. A more focused study to discern the elements of the reproductive constraints have been recommended. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Holstein-Friesian; Reproductive performance; Rift Valley	animal; animal husbandry; article; cattle; Ethiopia; female; methodology; physiology; pregnancy; regression analysis; reproduction; retrospective study; season; tropic climate; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Cattle; Ethiopia; Female; Least-Squares Analysis; Pregnancy; Reproduction; Retrospective Studies; Seasons; Tropical Climate; Bos; Friesia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79651469921	The effects of shade on performance, carcass classes and behaviour of heat-stressed feedlot cattle at the finisher phase	Blaine K.L., Nsahlai I.V.	2011	Tropical Animal Health and Production	43	3	10.1007/s11250-010-9740-x	Crafcor Farming PTY Ltd, Dundee, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Discipline of Poultry and Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa	Blaine, K.L., Crafcor Farming PTY Ltd, Dundee, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Nsahlai, I.V., Discipline of Poultry and Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa	The study aimed to determine the impact of shade on the performance, carcass class and behaviour using 146 crossbred steers and bulls during the finishing phase on a commercial feedlot in February. Treatments were (1) shade and (2) no shade. Average daily gain (ADG), DMI, and feed efficiency were measured, and hot carcass weight (HCW) and grades were collected at slaughter. The proportion of animals within a pen engaged in various behavioural activities (standing, lying, feeding and panting) was recorded. Five randomly selected individual animals per treatment were monitored every 2 min between 0700 and 1600 hours to determine the time spent on each of the above activities. Shade improved the final body weight (P &lt; 0.0001), ADG (P = 0.079), and HCW by 8.33 kg (P &lt; 0.05). Shade increased (P &lt; 0.05) the feeding activity but decreased (P &lt; 0.05) panting behaviour. Shade conferred an economic benefit of R2. 03 head -1 week -1, and thus would reduce heat stress and increase the feedlot profitability. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Behaviour; Feedlot cattle; Heat stress; Performance; Shade	animal; animal behavior; animal husbandry; article; body weight; cattle; eating; growth, development and aging; male; methodology; physiological stress; physiology; randomization; South Africa; statistical model; temperature; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Body Weight; Cattle; Eating; Linear Models; Male; Random Allocation; South Africa; Stress, Physiological; Temperature; Animalia; Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79651473539	Growth performance of Nigerian local chickens in crosses involving an exotic broiler breeder	Adeleke M.A., Peters S.O., Ozoje M.O., Ikeobi C.O.N., Bamgbose A.M., Adebambo O.A.	2011	Tropical Animal Health and Production	43	3	10.1007/s11250-010-9747-3	Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, United States; Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.	Adeleke, M.A., Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Peters, S.O., Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria, Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, United States; Ozoje, M.O., Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Ikeobi, C.O.N., Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Bamgbose, A.M., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Adebambo, O.A., Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Six-hundred-and-seven-day-old chicks were generated from Nigerian local chickens consisting of three genotypes (Normal-feathered; Frizzled-feathered; Naked neck) and an exotic broiler breeder (Anak Titan) to evaluate growth performance for possible meat-type chicken development. Growth parameters measured were body weight, breast girth and keel length on weekly basis for 20 weeks. Effects of sire, dam and chick genotypes were significant (P < 0.001) on growth traits. At week 20, chickens sired by the Anak Titan weighed 1,614.82 g followed by Normal-feathered local chickens with body weight of 1,211.32 g. Progenies of Anak Titan and Naked neck dams weighed 1,761.96 and 1,292.80 g at week 20, respectively. Among purebreds, Anak Titan weighed 35. 05 g at day-old and had heaviest body weight of 2,360.29 g at 20 weeks compared to the three local strains. The average body weights for the crossbred, Normal-feathered×Anak Titan at day-old and week 20 were 36.39 and 1,577.63 g, respectively. This was followed by Anak Titan×Naked neck with 33.32 g at day-old and 1,514.14 g at week 20. Sex had significant effect (P < 0.05) at weeks 16 and 20 with the males having higher mean values than their female counterparts. This study revealed that crosses involving Anak Titan sire×Naked neck dam had highest growth performance, and there was no strain differences among the growth performance of purebred Nigerian local chickens. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Crossbreeding; Exotic; Genotypes; Indigenous chickens; Nigeria	animal; article; body weight; breeding; chicken; cross breeding; female; genetic variability; genetics; genotype; growth, development and aging; male; methodology; Nigeria; statistical model; Animals; Body Weight; Breeding; Chickens; Crosses, Genetic; Female; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Linear Models; Male; Nigeria; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952184894	Effects of strain and different skip-a-day feed restriction periods on the growth performance of broiler chickens	Benyi K., Acheampong-Boateng O., Norris D.	2011	Tropical Animal Health and Production	43	4	10.1007/s11250-010-9775-z	Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa	Benyi, K., Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Acheampong-Boateng, O., Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Norris, D., Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa	The effects of 6, 10 and 14 days of skip-a-day feed removal during the starter and grower periods on the growth performance of Ross 308 and Hubbard broiler chickens were studied in a 49-day production period. Ross 308 was superior to Hubbard in weight gain, market weight and feed utilization but consumed more feed, deposited more abdominal fat and had a higher mortality rate. Overall, feed removal improved feed efficiency, had insignificant effects on abdominal fatness and mortality rate and reduced feed intake, weight gain and market weight. On each restricted-feeding regime, the birds gained as much weight as their fully fed counterparts during the period of resumed full feeding but were unable to compensate fully for the weight loss and were lighter at the end of the trial. It is suggested that for profitable broiler production under tropical conditions, Ross 308 and skip-a-day feed removal for less than 6 days from 7 to 17 days of age be considered. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Growth performance; Skip-a-day feeding; Strain	animal; animal food; animal husbandry; article; body weight; chicken; eating; food deprivation; genetics; growth, development and aging; male; methodology; pedigree; tropic climate; Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Body Weight; Chickens; Eating; Food Deprivation; Male; Pedigree; Tropical Climate; Aves; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855198917	Influence of processing cassava peels on the hydrogen cyanide concentration, nutritive value and performance of growing rabbits	Olafadehan O.A., Olafadehan O.O., Obun C.O., Yusuf A.M., Adewumi M.K., Omotugba S.K., Daniel N.E.	2012	Tropical Animal Health and Production	44	2	10.1007/s11250-011-0016-x	Department of Animal Science, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria; Department of Basic Science, Federal College of Wildlife Management, Ne	Olafadehan, O.A., Department of Animal Science, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria; Olafadehan, O.O., Department of Animal Production Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria; Obun, C.O., Department of Animal Production Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria; Yusuf, A.M., Department of Animal Production Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria; Adewumi, M.K., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Omotugba, S.K., Department of Basic Science, Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria; Daniel, N.E., Department of Animal Production Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria	Forty-eight rabbits used to investigate the response of growing rabbits to diets containing differently processed cassava peel meals were divided into four groups balanced for sex and weight. These groups were then assigned at random to the experimental treatments. Four diets were formulated such that the diets contained 200 g/kg of the experimental feedstuffs, sun-dried cassava peel meal (S), ensiled cassava peel meal (E) and retted cassava peel meal (R), and the control did not contain any cassava peels. Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) concentration in the processed cassava peel meal was lower relative to the unprocessed meal. It was, however, lowest in R and highest in E. With the exception of S, fibre fractions were lower in the processed meal compared to the unprocessed meal. The E depressed (p< 0. 05) feed and digestible nutrient intakes, weight gain, nutrient digestibility, digestible protein (DP), digestible energy (DE) and DP/DE ratio but increased protein intake to gain and feed to gain ratios compared to other diets. Intake of HCN decreased (p< 0. 05) successively in this order: R, S and E. The results indicate that retting and sun-drying are more effective in cassava peel detoxification than ensiling, and dietary HCN concentration and intake of 56 and 4 mg/kg BW, respectively, were not toxic under the conditions of the experiment. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Cassava peel meal; Detoxification; Hydrogen cyanide; Performance; Rabbits; Toxicity	hydrogen cyanide; animal; animal food; article; body weight; caloric intake; chemistry; female; male; Manihot; metabolism; rabbit; randomization; Animal Feed; Animals; Body Weight; Energy Intake; Female; Hydrogen Cyanide; Male; Manihot; Rabbits; Random Allocation; Manihot esculenta; Oryctolagus cuniculus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860612173	Effect of dietary monensin inclusion on performance, nutrient utilisation, rumen volatile fatty acid concentration and blood status of West African dwarf bucks fed with basal diets of forages	Aderinboye R.Y., Onwuka C.F.I., Arigbede O.M., Oduguwa O.O., Aina A.B.J.	2012	Tropical Animal Health and Production	44	5	10.1007/s11250-011-0043-7	Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Pasture and Range Management, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Uni	Aderinboye, R.Y., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Onwuka, C.F.I., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Arigbede, O.M., Department of Pasture and Range Management, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Oduguwa, O.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Aina, A.B.J., Department of Animal Production and Health, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	This experiment investigated the effect of dietary monensin on performance, nutrient utilisation, rumen volatile fatty acid and blood status in West African dwarf (WAD) goats fed with basal diets of forages. Four concentrate supplements were formulated to include 0 (MO), 15 (M15), 30 (M30) and 45 (M45) mg monensin/kg dry matter. Twenty-four WAD bucks (7.3 ± 1.20 kg initial body weight, aged 9-12 months) were randomly allotted to four experimental diets in a completely randomised design for 90 days, six animals per diet. Results indicated that animals fed M15, M30 and M45 diets had lower (P < 0.01) dry matter and water intake than those fed M0 diet. Crude protein and neutral detergent fibre intakes by the bucks followed similar trend. Animals on M15, M30 and M45 had better (P < 0.001) feed and protein efficiency ratio than those fed M0 diet. Rumen pH and total volatile fatty acid concentration were maintained (P > 0.05) while monensin decreased (P < 0.001) acetate/propionate ratio. Blood glucose increased (P < 0.001) from 59.1 mg/dl in animals on M0 diet to 67.8, 66.0 and 66.3 mg/dl in animals on M15, M30 and M45 diets. Overall, there were no variations among animals on M15, M30 and M45 diets. It is concluded that feeding monensin at 15 to 45 mg/kg DM of supplemental concentrate diets to West African dwarf bucks could be effective in improving feed and protein efficiency, manipulating the rumen for increased propionate production and increasing blood glucose levels. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Goats; Haematology; Intake; Monensin; Volatile fatty acids; Weight gain	monensin; volatile fatty acid; animal; animal disease; animal food; animal husbandry; article; blood; blood analysis; chemistry; diet; digestion; feces; goat; growth, development and aging; male; metabolism; Nigeria; randomization; ruminant stomach; Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Blood Chemical Analysis; Diet; Digestion; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Feces; Goats; Male; Monensin; Nigeria; Random Allocation; Rumen; Animalia; Capra hircus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862843375	Effects of level of concentrate supplementation on growth performance of Arsi-Bale and Boer × Arsi-Bale male goats consuming low-quality grass hay	Mohammed S., Urge M., Animut G., Awigechew K., Abebe G., Goetsch A.L.	2012	Tropical Animal Health and Production	44	6	10.1007/s11250-011-0056-2	Alage Agricultural Technical and Vocational Education Training College, Alage, Ethiopia; School of Animal and Range Sciences, Haramaya University, Alemaya, Ethiopia; Ethiopia Sheep and Goat Productivity Improvement Program, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, P. O. Box 730, Langston, OK, United States	Mohammed, S., Alage Agricultural Technical and Vocational Education Training College, Alage, Ethiopia; Urge, M., School of Animal and Range Sciences, Haramaya University, Alemaya, Ethiopia; Animut, G., School of Animal and Range Sciences, Haramaya University, Alemaya, Ethiopia; Awigechew, K., Ethiopia Sheep and Goat Productivity Improvement Program, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Abebe, G., Ethiopia Sheep and Goat Productivity Improvement Program, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Goetsch, A.L., American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, P. O. Box 730, Langston, OK, United States	Eighteen Arsi-Bale (local) and 18 Boer × Arsi-Bale (crossbred) male goats, initially approximately 10 months of age, were used in a 12-week experiment to investigate potential interactions between genotype and nutritional plane in growth performance, carcass and skin characteristics, and mass of non-carcass components. Grass hay (6.7% crude protein and 71.9% neutral detergent fiber) was consumed ad libitum supplemented with 150, 300, or 450 g/day (dry matter; low, moderate, and high, respectively) of a concentrate mixture (50% wheat bran, 49% noug seed cake, and 1% salt). Initial body weight was 20.7 and 14.0 kg for crossbred and local goats, respectively (SE = 0.36). Hay dry matter intake was greater (P < 0.05) for crossbred vs. local goats (461 and 429 g/day) and similar among concentrate levels (438, 444, and 451 g/day for high, moderate, and low, respectively; SE = 4.7). Average daily gain was greater (P < 0.05) for crossbred than for local goats (36.6 and 20.8 g) and differed (P < 0.05) among each level of concentrate (43.7, 29.6, and 12.8 g for high, moderate, and low, respectively). Dressing percentage was similar between genotypes (41.1% and 41.1% live body weight for crossbred and local goats, respectively; SE = 0.59) and greater (P < 0.05) for high vs. low (43.5% vs. 38.7% live body weight). Carcass weight differed (P < 0.05) between genotypes (9.23 and 6.23 kg for crossbred and local goats, respectively) and high and low (8.80 and 6.66 kg, respectively). Carcass concentrations of physically dissectible lean and fat were similar between genotypes and high and low concentrate levels. There were few differences between genotypes or concentrate levels in other carcass characteristics such as color and skin properties. Relative to empty body weight, the mass of most non-carcass tissues and organs did not differ between genotypes. However, the low concentrate-level mass of omental-mesenteric fat was greater (P < 0.05) for local vs. crossbred goats (1.06% vs. 0.54% empty body weight, respectively). In conclusion, growth performance and carcass weight advantages from crossing Boer and Arsi-Bale goats were similar with a low-quality basal grass hay diet regardless of level of supplemental concentrate. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Breed; Carcass; Goat; Growth; Supplementation	adipose tissue; animal; animal disease; animal food; article; body weight; clinical trial; comparative study; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; cross breeding; diet supplementation; dietary fiber; Ethiopia; genetics; genotype; goat; growth, development and aging; male; morphometrics; physiology; plant seed; randomized controlled trial; statistical model; Adipose Tissue; Animal Feed; Animals; Body Weight; Body Weights and Measures; Crosses, Genetic; Dietary Fiber; Dietary Supplements; Ethiopia; Genotype; Goats; Linear Models; Male; Seeds; Capra hircus; Triticum aestivum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862876803	Performance evaluation of two serological tests for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) detection in an enzootic area using a Bayesian framework	Sidibé C.A.K., Grosbois V., Thiaucourt F., Niang M., Lesnoff M., Roger F.	2012	Tropical Animal Health and Production	44	6	10.1007/s11250-011-0063-3	Central Veterinary Laboratory, Km 8, Route de Koulikoro, BP: 2295 Bamako, Mali; CIRAD, Control of Exotic and Emerging Animal Diseases Unit, TA A-15/G, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; African Union, Interafrican Bureau For Animal Resources, Kenindia Business Park, Museum Hill, Westlands Road, Nairobi, Kenya; CIRAD, Animal and Integrated Risk Management (AGIRs) Unit, (ES), TA A-22/E, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; CIRAD, SELMET Unit, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France	Sidibé, C.A.K., Central Veterinary Laboratory, Km 8, Route de Koulikoro, BP: 2295 Bamako, Mali, CIRAD, Animal and Integrated Risk Management (AGIRs) Unit, (ES), TA A-22/E, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Grosbois, V., CIRAD, Animal and Integrated Risk Management (AGIRs) Unit, (ES), TA A-22/E, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Thiaucourt, F., CIRAD, Control of Exotic and Emerging Animal Diseases Unit, TA A-15/G, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Niang, M., Central Veterinary Laboratory, Km 8, Route de Koulikoro, BP: 2295 Bamako, Mali, African Union, Interafrican Bureau For Animal Resources, Kenindia Business Park, Museum Hill, Westlands Road, Nairobi, Kenya; Lesnoff, M., CIRAD, SELMET Unit, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Roger, F., CIRAD, Animal and Integrated Risk Management (AGIRs) Unit, (ES), TA A-22/E, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France	A Bayesian approach, allowing for conditional dependence between two tests was used to estimate without gold standard the sensitivities of complement fixation test (CFT) and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test (cELISA) and the serological prevalence of CBPP in a cattle population of the Central Delta of the Niger River in Mali, where CBPP is enzootic and the true prevalence and animals serological state were unknown. A significant difference (P = 0.99) was observed between the sensitivities of the two tests, estimated at 73.7% (95% probability interval [PI], 63.4-82.7) for cELISA and 42.3% (95% PI, 33.3-53.7) for CFT. Individual-level serological prevalence in the study population was estimated at 14.1% (95% PI, 10.8-16.9). Our results indicate that in enzootic areas, cELISA performs better in terms of sensitivity than CFT. However, negative conditional sensitivity dependence between the two tests was detected, implying that to achieve maximum sensitivity, the two tests should be applied in parallel. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Bayesian framework; CBPP; Field cattle; Sensitivity; Serological tests; Specificity	animal; animal disease; article; Bayes theorem; cattle; cattle disease; comparative study; complement fixation test; contagious pleuropneumonia; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; epidemiology; evaluation; Mali; methodology; microbiology; sensitivity and specificity; Animals; Bayes Theorem; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Complement Fixation Tests; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Mali; Pleuropneumonia, Contagious; Sensitivity and Specificity; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Animalia; Bos; Bovinae; Mycoplasma	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79958810353	Characterisation of local Ghanaian chickens: Growth performance evaluation based on Richards growth model and genetic size scaling	Osei-Amponsah R., Kayang B.B., Naazie A., Arthur P.F., Barchia I.M.	2011	Tropical Animal Health and Production	43	6	10.1007/s11250-011-9825-1	Department of Animal Science University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Agricultural Research Centre (ARC) University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Camden, Australia	Osei-Amponsah, R., Department of Animal Science University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Kayang, B.B., Department of Animal Science University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Naazie, A., Agricultural Research Centre (ARC) University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Arthur, P.F., NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Camden, Australia; Barchia, I.M., NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Camden, Australia	The Richards growth model was fitted to body weight-age data of local and SASSO T44 chickens to describe their growth performance. Males had higher (P < 0.05) asymptotic mature weights than females. Within the local chicken population, birds from the savannah zone had higher (P < 0.05) asymptotic mature weights compared to forest chicken which ironically had higher body weights at hatch. Male local chicken had lower maturing rates compared to the females. Female local chicken were superior to SASSO T44 females in terms of maturing rate. On the average, local chickens took relatively longer time (78.4-83.3 days) to reach the point of inflection than the SASSO T44 population (74.2-79.8 days). However, there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the age at inflection among local chicken populations. The shape parameter for SASSO T44 chicken (0.053-0.370) and maturation rate for local chicken (0.177-0.198) were the most critical parameters. Scaling the body weights into degree of maturity highlighted the degree to which genotypes matured over time. Female chickens had the highest (P < 0.05) degree of maturity at all ages. The local chicken populations were also metabolically older than SASSO T44 chickens. Results of this study provide an opportunity to develop breeding strategies for local chicken by modifying either management practices or their genetic makeup to positively affect their growth and productivity. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Degree of maturity; Local chicken; Metabolic age; Richards growth model	animal; article; biological model; body weight; chicken; environment; female; genetics; genotype; Ghana; growth, development and aging; male; sex ratio; sexual maturation; statistical model; Animals; Body Weight; Chickens; Environment; Female; Genotype; Ghana; Linear Models; Male; Models, Biological; Sex Distribution; Sexual Maturation; Aves; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856748698	Factors influencing reproductive performance of cows from different Nguni ecotypes in southern Mozambique	Maciel S.M.A., Amimo J., Martins M., Mwai A.O., Scholtz M.M., Neser F.W.C.	2012	Tropical Animal Health and Production	44	3	10.1007/s11250-011-9915-0	Department of Animal Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, UFS, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Biotechnology Theme, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; REMOC, Lda (Reprodutores de Mozambique, Lda)- Posto Fomento Impaputo, Maputo, Mozambique; ARC-Animal Production Institute, Irene, South Africa	Maciel, S.M.A., Department of Animal Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, UFS, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Amimo, J., Biotechnology Theme, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Martins, M., REMOC, Lda (Reprodutores de Mozambique, Lda)- Posto Fomento Impaputo, Maputo, Mozambique; Mwai, A.O., Biotechnology Theme, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Scholtz, M.M., Department of Animal Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, UFS, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa, ARC-Animal Production Institute, Irene, South Africa; Neser, F.W.C., Department of Animal Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, UFS, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	The objective of this study was to assess the reproductive performance of two Nguni ecotypes (Nguni and Landim) raised in a subtropical environment to enhance strategies for livestock development and restocking programmes within the southern African region. Reproduction data collected between 1996 and 2009 from 365 cows of the Landim and Nguni ecotypes were analysed. From the results, ecotype, place of birth, year and season of birth/calving had significant effects on age at first calving (AFC) and calving interval (CI). Overall means for AFC and CI were 1,071 ± 166 days and 432 ± 85 days, respectively, while average calving rate was 88.0 ± 4.7%. Heifers born in the dry season had lower AFC than heifers born in the wet season. Heifers born at Impaputo Breeding Center were the youngest at first calving, followed by the South African born ones. Heifers of the Landim ecotype also calved younger than heifers of the Nguni ecotype. CI was shorter in wet seasons (main breeding seasons) than in dry seasons. Interaction between ecotype and year-season (p < 0.005) showed that, in wet and dry seasons, Nguni cows had shorter CI than the Landim. This study demonstrates for the first time a possible genotype-by-environment interaction between Nguni ecotypes. This might aid future cattle development and restocking programmes in southern Africa taking into consideration the adaptation of indigenous genotypes and climate change. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Breeding season; Calving; Landim; Livestock development; Sanga; Subtropical environment	age distribution; animal; article; breeding; cattle; ecotype; female; genotype environment interaction; Mozambique; physiology; reproduction; season; veterinary abortion; Abortion, Veterinary; Age Distribution; Animals; Breeding; Cattle; Ecotype; Female; Gene-Environment Interaction; Mozambique; Reproduction; Seasons; Bos; Sanga	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856730758	Effects of supplementing Erythrina brucei leaf as a substitute for cotton seed meal on growth performance and carcass characteristics of Sidama goats fed basal diet of natural grass hay	Yinnesu A., Nurfeta A.	2012	Tropical Animal Health and Production	44	3	10.1007/s11250-011-9916-z	Dilla Agricultural Technical Vocational Education and Training College, P.O. Box 334, Dilla, Ethiopia; Department of Animal and Range Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 222, Hawassa, Ethiopia	Yinnesu, A., Dilla Agricultural Technical Vocational Education and Training College, P.O. Box 334, Dilla, Ethiopia; Nurfeta, A., Department of Animal and Range Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 222, Hawassa, Ethiopia	The replacement value of dried Erythrina brucei leaf for cotton seed meal (CSM) on growth performance and carcass characteristics was evaluated. Twenty-five yearling buck goats (15.8 ± 1.4 kg) were assigned into five treatments in a randomized complete block design: natural grass hay alone (T1) or supplemented with 100% CSM (T2), 67% CSM + 33% E. brucei (T3), 33% CSM + 67% E. brucei (T4), and 100% E. brucei (T5) on dry matter (DM) basis. Supplemented goats consumed more (P < 0.05) total DM and organic matter (OM) than the non-supplemented group, but the intakes were not influenced (P > 0.05) by the proportion of the supplements. The highest (P < 0.05) crude protein (CP) intake was observed in goats supplemented with CSM alone, whereas the lowest intake was observed in the non-supplemented group. Total CP intake decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of E. brucei in the supplement mixture. The supplemented goats gained more (P < 0.05) weight than the control group. Apparent DM and OM digestibility was higher (P < 0.05) in supplemented goats than in the non-supplemented ones, but similar (P > 0.05) among the supplemented group. The digestibility of CP was higher (P < 0.05) for supplemented goats, except in those goats fed E. brucei alone, than the non-supplemented group. Slaughter weight, empty body weight, hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, rib eye muscle area, and total edible offals were higher (P < 0.05) for supplemented goats than for the non-supplemented ones. It could be concluded that E. brucei could be used as a substitute to CSM under smallholder production systems. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Carcass characteristics; Cotton seed meal; Erythrina brucei; Feed intake; Goats; Growth performance	cotton seed oil; animal; animal food; article; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; diet supplementation; dose response; Erythrina; goat; growth, development and aging; male; meat; metabolism; nutritional value; physiology; plant leaf; randomization; randomized controlled trial; standard; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Cottonseed Oil; Dietary Supplements; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Erythrina; Goats; Male; Meat; Nutritive Value; Plant Leaves; Random Allocation; Capra hircus; Erythrina brucei; Gossypium hirsutum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857687975	Effect of supplementing crossbred Xhosa lop-eared goat castrates with Moringa oleifera leaves on growth performance, carcass and non-carcass characteristics	Moyo B., Masika P.J., Muchenje V.	2012	Tropical Animal Health and Production	44	4	10.1007/s11250-011-9970-6	Department of Livestock and Pasture Sciences, University of Fort Hare, P/Bag X 1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Agricultural and Rural Development Research Institute, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, P/Bag X 1314, Alice 5700, South Africa	Moyo, B., Department of Livestock and Pasture Sciences, University of Fort Hare, P/Bag X 1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Masika, P.J., Agricultural and Rural Development Research Institute, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, P/Bag X 1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Muchenje, V., Department of Livestock and Pasture Sciences, University of Fort Hare, P/Bag X 1314, Alice 5700, South Africa	The objective of the study was to determine the effect of supplementing Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL) on growth performance, carcass and non-carcass characteristics of crossbred Xhosa lop-eared goats.A total of 24 castrated goats aged 8 months, with a mean initial weight of 15.1 ± 2.3 kg, were randomly divided into three diet groups with eight goats in each.The duration of the trial was 60 days.All goats received a basal diet of grass hay (GH) ad libitum and wheat bran (200 g/day each).The MOL and sunflower cake (SC) groups were fed additional 200 g of dried M.oleifera leaves and 170 g of SC, respectively.The third group (GH) did not receive any additional ration.The crude protein of MOL (23.75%) and SC (23.27%) were higher (P < 0.05) than that of the GH diet (14.08%).The attained average daily weight gain for goats fed MOL, SC and GH were 103.3, 101.3 and 43.3 g, respectively (P < 0.05).Higher (P < 0.05) feed intakes observed were in SC (491.5 g) and MOL (490.75 g) compared with GH (404.5 g).The hot carcass weight was higher (P < 0.05) for SC (10.48 kg) and MOL (10.34 kg) than for the GH group (8.59 kg).The dressing percentage in SC (55.8%) and MOL (55.1%) were higher (P < 0.05) than that of the GH (52.9%).The growth performance and carcass characteristics of SC and MOL goats were not different.Feeding MOL or SC improved the growth performance and carcass characteristics of goats in an almost similar way, which indicates that M.oleifera could be used as an alternative protein supplement in goats. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Carcass conformation; Dressing percentage; Growth performance; Gut fill; Sunflower cake	animal; animal food; article; castration; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; diet supplementation; dose response; goat; growth, development and aging; meat; metabolism; Moringa; nutritional value; physiology; plant leaf; randomized controlled trial; standard; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Castration; Dietary Supplements; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Goats; Meat; Moringa; Nutritive Value; Plant Leaves; Capra hircus; Helianthus; Moringa oleifera; Triticum aestivum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866144597	Impact of tsetse and trypanosomiasis control on cattle herd composition and calf growth and mortality at Arbaminch District (Southern Rift Valley, Ethiopia)	Gechere G., Terefe G., Belihu K.	2012	Tropical Animal Health and Production	44	7	10.1007/s11250-012-0132-2	Kality Tsetse Rearing and Irradiation Center, Ministry of Science and Technology, P.O. Box. 19917, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; School of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box. 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; FAO-ETH, Awash Field Office, Awash, Ethiopia	Gechere, G., Kality Tsetse Rearing and Irradiation Center, Ministry of Science and Technology, P.O. Box. 19917, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Terefe, G., School of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box. 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Belihu, K., FAO-ETH, Awash Field Office, Awash, Ethiopia	The effect of tsetse/trypanosomiasis control on cattle herd composition and growth and mortality of calves in tsetse controlled (by Southern Tsetse Eradication Project (STEP)) and uncontrolled blocks in southern Ethiopia was assessed. Structured questionnaire was used to interview 182 households to estimate cattle herd composition and calf mortality. Calves were bled to examine the presence of trypanosomes by the buffy coat technique. Forty NGU traps were deployed and fly catches determined. A case-control study was performed on 40 calves for 6 months to estimate calve growth parameters. Accordingly, the mean cattle herd size was lower in tsetse-controlled block than in the uncontrolled block, whereas the relative number of calves in a herd tend to be higher in the tsetse-controlled block (P = 0. 06). While there was no report of cattle mortality in tsetse-controlled block, 16. 48 % of the respondents have lost calves in tsetse-uncontrolled block in 1 year time. The prevalence of trypanosome positive calves was 2. 95 % for uncontrolled block but no positive case in tsetse-controlled block. The apparent densities of flies/trap/day in tsetse-uncontrolled block were 30-fold higher than in tsetse-controlled block (P < 0. 01). The case-control study revealed that the mean body weight gain of calves in tsetse-controlled block (40. 23 ± 0. 7 kg) was significantly higher than that of the uncontrolled block (34. 74 ± 0. 68 kg). The above findings strongly suggest that the intervention by the STEP project has significantly reduced tsetse population and trypanosomiasis consequently contributing to improved calf growth and survival. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Calf; Control; Growth; Mortality; Trypanosomiasis; Tsetse	animal; animal disease; animal husbandry; article; case control study; cattle; classification; Ethiopia; evaluation; female; Glossinidae; hematocrit; insect control; longitudinal study; male; methodology; nagana; pathophysiology; physiology; population density; prevalence; questionnaire; season; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Case-Control Studies; Cattle; Ethiopia; Female; Hematocrit; Insect Control; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Population Density; Prevalence; Questionnaires; Seasons; Trypanosomiasis, Bovine; Tsetse Flies; Bos; Glossina (genus); Trypanosoma	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866181215	Assessment of impacts of tsetse and trypanosomosis control measures on cattle herd composition and performance in southern region, Ethiopia	Taye M., Belihu K., Bekana M., Sheferaw D.	2012	Tropical Animal Health and Production	44	7	10.1007/s11250-012-0134-0	College of Agriculture, Arba-Minch University, P.O. Box 21, Arba-Minch, Ethiopia; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre-Zeit, Ethiopia; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa University, P. O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia	Taye, M., College of Agriculture, Arba-Minch University, P.O. Box 21, Arba-Minch, Ethiopia; Belihu, K., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre-Zeit, Ethiopia; Bekana, M., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre-Zeit, Ethiopia; Sheferaw, D., Department of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa University, P. O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia	This study was conducted to assess the impact of tsetse and trypanosomosis control measures on cattle herd size and composition, herd dynamics, and milk yield in Wolaita and Gamogofa Zones, southern Ethiopia. The study showed that the average number of cattle herd size in tsetse challenged areas was significantly higher than those in tsetse-controlled areas. The number of non-pregnant dry cows, bulls and oxen were significantly higher in tsetse challenged areas than the other two study areas. The rate of cattle addition to and disposal from the herd were significantly higher in tsetse challenged areas. Cows in Southern Tsetse Eradication Project (STEP) and community tsetse controlled areas were able to give 26-27 %, 25-29 % and 17-21 % more daily milk yield at the beginning, middle and end of lactation, respectively, than those in tsetse-challenged areas. In addition, cows in STEP and community tsetse controlled areas had lactation length longer by 1. 20 to 1. 35 months; age at first calving was shorter by 5. 30 to 5. 10 months; and calving interval was shorter by 4. 20 to 3. 20 months than cows in tsetse-challenged area, respectively. Hence, tsetse and trypanosomosis control both by the community and project would play key role in the improvement of cattle productivity. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Ethiopia; Herd dynamics; Trypanosomosis; Tsetse	animal; animal husbandry; article; case control study; cattle; cross-sectional study; dairying; Ethiopia; female; Glossinidae; insect control; longitudinal study; male; milk; nagana; parasitology; pathophysiology; population density; questionnaire; reproduction; secretion (process); Animal Husbandry; Animals; Case-Control Studies; Cattle; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dairying; Ethiopia; Female; Insect Control; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Milk; Population Density; Questionnaires; Reproduction; Trypanosomiasis, Bovine; Tsetse Flies; Bos; Glossina (genus)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872770505	Performance of growing pigs fed diets based on by-products of maize and wheat processing	Mwesigwa R., Mutetikka D., Kugonza D.R.	2012	Tropical Animal Health and Production	45	1	10.1007/s11250-012-0237-7	Department of Agricultural Production, School of Agricultural Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda	Mwesigwa, R., Department of Agricultural Production, School of Agricultural Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Mutetikka, D., Department of Agricultural Production, School of Agricultural Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Kugonza, D.R., Department of Agricultural Production, School of Agricultural Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda	Forty-eight crossbred Landrace × Large white pigs with an average body weight of 8.5 ± 0.4 kg and aged 2 months were used to evaluate performance and carcass characteristics of pigs fed two diets in which bran from maize or wheat was used as the energy source. A third diet based on whole maize grain was used as a control. Animals in groups of four, balanced for litter, sex and weight were allotted to dietary treatments in a completely randomised design with four replications. Data were collected on feed intake and weight gain for a period of 4 months. A digestibility trial was carried at the end of the feeding trial using two male pigs per treatment while six pigs per treatment were randomly selected for slaughter to determine carcass characteristics. Daily gain averaged 0. 23, 0. 31 and 0. 13 kg/day, for pigs fed maize bran, wheat bran and whole maize diets, respectively. Average feed intake and final body weight were significantly (P < 0. 05) affected by diets. Digestibility of dry matter, crude fibre and calcium were higher (P < 0. 05) for pigs fed maize bran while crude protein digestibility was highest (P < 0. 05) for the pigs fed wheat bran. There were significant differences (P < 0. 05) between the diets in carcass yield, ham, head, trotters and heart weights and also for rib weight, rib eye muscle and other tissues. This study indicates that comparable performance of growing pigs fed cereal bran and full-grain diets are real. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Carcass characteristics; Growth performance; Maize bran; Pigs; Wheat bran	Animalia; Pieris brassicae; Suidae; Triticum aestivum; Zea mays; animal; animal food; article; dietary fiber; feeding behavior; female; growth, development and aging; maize; male; metabolism; physiology; randomization; swine; Uganda; weight gain; wheat; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Dietary Fiber; Feeding Behavior; Female; Male; Random Allocation; Sus scrofa; Triticum; Uganda; Weight Gain; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872825593	Effects of feeding sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) vines as a supplement on feed intake, growth performance, digestibility and carcass characteristics of Sidama goats fed a basal diet of natural grass hay	Megersa T., Urge M., Nurfeta A.	2012	Tropical Animal Health and Production	45	1	10.1007/s11250-012-0264-4	Dilla Agricultural Technical Vocational Education and Training College, P.O. Box 334, Dilla, Ethiopia; College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, School of Animal and Range Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; School of Animal and Range Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 222, Hawassa, Ethiopia	Megersa, T., Dilla Agricultural Technical Vocational Education and Training College, P.O. Box 334, Dilla, Ethiopia; Urge, M., College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, School of Animal and Range Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Nurfeta, A., School of Animal and Range Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 222, Hawassa, Ethiopia	The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of substituting sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam] vines for concentrate on growth performance, digestibility, and carcass characteristics. Thirty yearling bucks (15. 3 ± 1. 64 kg) were assigned into six treatments in a randomized complete block design: natural grass hay alone (T1) or supplemented with 100 % sweet potato vines (SPV) (T2), 65 % SPV + 35 % concentrate (T3), 35 % SPV + 65 % concentrate (T4), and 100 % concentrate (T5) on dry matter (DM) basis. Supplemented goats (T2, T3, T4, and T5) consumed higher (p < 0. 001) total DM (553, 567, 505, and 515 g/day), respectively, when compared to the nonsupplemented (T1) goats (349 g/day). The crude protein (CP) intake (32. 0, 48. 6, 54. 7, and 69. 2 g/day) increased with increasing levels of the concentrate in the diet for T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively. The DM digestibility in T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively, was higher (P < 0. 01) (0. 69, 0. 72, 0. 72, and 0. 74) than in T1 (0. 56). Apparent digestibility of CP was observed to be higher (P < 0. 001) in T3, T4, T5 (0. 78, 0. 83, and 0. 88) when compared to the bucks in T2 (0. 60). Higher (P < 0. 001) daily weight gain (31. 2, 46. 4, 48. 6, and 47. 6 g/day) were recorded for T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively, whereas the nonsupplemented goats lost weight (-19. 5 g/day). Slaughter weight, empty body weight, hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, rib-eye muscle area, and total edible offals were higher (P < 0. 05) in supplemented goats compared with nonsupplemented ones. Therefore, it could be concluded that sweet potato vine can replace the conventional concentrate and could be fed with poor quality hay to prevent body weight loss of animal in the absence of other feed supplements. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Carcass characteristics; Digestibility; Sidama goats; Substitution; Sweet potato vine	Animalia; Capra hircus; Ipomoea batatas; Swinepox virus (STRAIN KASZA); animal; animal food; article; body weight; chemistry; diet; diet supplementation; digestion; dose response; drug effect; Ethiopia; goat; growth, development and aging; male; meat; physiology; randomization; standard; sweet potato; tropic climate; Animal Feed; Animals; Body Weight; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Digestion; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethiopia; Goats; Ipomoea batatas; Male; Meat; Random Allocation; Tropical Climate	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880132414	Effects of urea-treated fibrous diets on nutrient intake, digestibility, performance and haematological parameters of Yankasa rams	Alabi J.O., Arigbede M., Ng'ambi J., Norris D., Shiawoya E., Onyekachi S.	2013	Tropical Animal Health and Production	45	6	10.1007/s11250-013-0368-5	Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, P Bag X 1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa; Department of Pasture and Range Management, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Depa	Alabi, J.O., Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, P Bag X 1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa; Arigbede, M., Department of Pasture and Range Management, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Ng'ambi, J., Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, P Bag X 1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa; Norris, D., Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, P Bag X 1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa; Shiawoya, E., Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Nigeria; Onyekachi, S., Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Nigeria	An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of urea-treated fibrous diets on the intake, nutrient digestibility, performance and haematological parameters of Yankasa rams. A total of 48 Yankasa rams (BW 10.00 ± 1.50 kg; 6-8 months old) were allocated into four treatment groups in a completely randomised design (12 rams per treatment). Animals were placed on complete rations of yam peels, maize bran and rice husk treated with 0, 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 % urea. The experiment lasted for 18 weeks. Yankasa rams fed with urea-treated diets had higher feed intake (949.88 and 938.04 g/day for U15 and U20, respectively), daily weight gain (227.67 and 181.00 g/day for U15 and U20, respectively) and better feed conversion ratio (4.17 and 5.18 for U15 and U20, respectively). Rams on urea-treated diets had higher haemoglobin and red blood cell contents and higher weight gains, indicating that urea treatment enhanced nutrient supply and utilisation at the tissue level. It was concluded that urea treatment of fibrous farm by-products is a promising feeding strategy especially during the dry season when there is scarcity of high-quality forages. Addition of 1.5 % urea to roughage diets and farm by-products to form a total mixed ration may preclude the search for supplements. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	By-product; Fibrous diet; Haematological analyses; Urea; Yankasa rams	urea; animal; animal disease; animal food; article; blood analysis; caloric intake; diet; diet supplementation; dietary fiber; digestion; domestic sheep; feeding behavior; male; metabolism; Nigeria; physiology; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Blood Chemical Analysis; Diet; Dietary Fiber; Dietary Supplements; Digestion; Energy Intake; Feeding Behavior; Male; Nigeria; Sheep, Domestic; Urea; Animalia; Dioscorea alata; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891556563	Effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum metabolites, gut morphology, and microflora of growing guinea fowl	Oso A.O., Awe A.W., Awosoga F.G., Bello F.A., Akinfenwa T.A., Ogunremi E.B.	2013	Tropical Animal Health and Production	45	8	10.1007/s11250-013-0430-3	Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Oso, A.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Awe, A.W., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Awosoga, F.G., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Bello, F.A., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Akinfenwa, T.A., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Ogunremi, E.B., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	A 56-day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of dried ginger meal (DGM) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum parameters, gut morphology, and microflora of growing helmeted guinea fowl (Numidia meleagris). One hundred sixty 28-day-old male keets were assigned to four dietary treatments. There were 40 birds per treatment replicated four times with 10 keets each. The experimental diets consisted of the basal diet (control), ginger-supplemented diets containing 20, 40, and 60 g/kg DGM, respectively. Guinea fowls fed diet supplemented with DGM had higher (P &lt;0.05) final body weight, body weight gain and lower (P &lt;0.05) feed intake. Optimum weight gain was obtained with supplementation level of 36.15-g DGM (R 2 = 0.923). Guinea fowls fed diet supplemented with 40 g/kg DGM recorded the highest (P &lt;0.05) coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility of dry matter, ether extract and longest (P &lt;0.05) duodenal and ileal villus heights. The crypt depth of the duodenum and ileum reduced (P &lt;0.05) with increasing level of dietary supplementation of DGM. Dietary supplementation of DGM resulted in increased (P &lt;0.05) total serum protein, serum albumin and low (P &lt;0.05) serum cholesterol concentration. Ileum content of birds fed diet supplemented with 40 g/kg DGM recorded the highest (P &lt;0.05) lactobacillus count. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of 40-g DGM per kilogram diet is hereby recommended for improved growth, apparent nutrient digestibility, gut morphology, serum chemistry, and stimulation of balanced intestinal microflora in growing guinea fowl. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Dried ginger meal; Gut morphology and microflora; Helmeted guinea fowl; Serum metabolites concentration	Aves; Galliformes; Lactobacillus; Numida meleagris; Zingiber officinale; alanine aminotransferase; alkaline phosphatase; aspartate aminotransferase; cholesterol; creatinine; globulin; serum albumin; uric acid; animal; animal disease; article; bacterial count; blood; cytochemistry; diet supplementation; digestion; Galliformes; gastrointestinal tract; ginger; growth, development and aging; male; metabolism; microbiology; physiology; regression analysis; ultrastructure; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Cholesterol; Colony Count, Microbial; Creatinine; Dietary Supplements; Digestion; Galliformes; Gastrointestinal Tract; Ginger; Globulins; Histocytochemistry; Male; Regression Analysis; Serum Albumin; Uric Acid	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898753975	Effects of supplementing Leucaena leucocephala and conserved forages from natural pasture on the performance of grazing calves	Ojo V.O.A., Aina A.B.J., Fasae O.A., Oni A.O., Aderinboye R.Y., Dele P.A., Idowu O.J., Adelusi O.O., Shittu O.O., Okeniyi F.A., Jolaosho A.O.	2014	Tropical Animal Health and Production	46	1	10.1007/s11250-013-0476-2	Department of Pasture and Range Management, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production and Health, College of Animal Science and Lives	Ojo, V.O.A., Department of Pasture and Range Management, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Aina, A.B.J., Department of Animal Production and Health, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Fasae, O.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Oni, A.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Aderinboye, R.Y., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Dele, P.A., Department of Pasture and Range Management, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Idowu, O.J., Department of Pasture and Range Management, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Adelusi, O.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Shittu, O.O., Institute of Food Security, Environment Resources and Agricultural Research, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Okeniyi, F.A., Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Jolaosho, A.O., Department of Pasture and Range Management, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Twelve white Fulani × N'dama cross-bred calves weighing 83.79±1.16 kg were used in an 84-day experiment to investigate the utilization of forage resources from natural grazing land. The experimental diets were sole grazing, grazing + hay, grazing + silage and grazing + Leucaena leucocephala leaves. The calves were divided into four groups of three animals each and were randomly assigned to the four experimental diets. Crude protein (CP) contents of the forages ranged from 59 to 171 g/kg dry matter (DM). Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) contents of the forages ranged from 560 to 705 g/kg DM and 363 to 440 g/kg DM, respectively. Significantly (P <0.05) higher values inmineral contents (Ca, K, P and Mg) were recorded for L. leucocephala leaves compared to other forage resources. Variations (P <0.05) were observed in the average daily gain. Animals on grazing + L. leucocephala leaves diet had the highest (113 g/day) average daily gain, while those on sole grazing showed the least value (26.2 g/day). Packed cell volume (PCV), total serum protein, urea and calcium concentration showed significant differences (P <0.05). Effective utilization of forage resources from the natural pasture by the calves was attained on supplementation with conserved forages and L. leucocephala leaves without any deleterious effects on the haematological and serum parameters. © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013.	Calves; Conserved forages; Haematology; Natural grazing land; Performance	animal; animal disease; animal food; animal husbandry; article; cattle; diet; eating; Fabaceae; growth, development and aging; randomization; season; silage; weight gain; Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Cattle; Diet; Eating; Fabaceae; Random Allocation; Seasons; Silage; Weight Gain	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898741392	Production and economic performance of F1-crossbred dairy cattle fed non-conventional protein supplements in Zimbabwe	Gusha J., Manyuchi C.R., Imbayarwo-Chikosi V.E., Hamandishe V.R., Katsande S., Zvinorova P.I.	2014	Tropical Animal Health and Production	46	1	10.1007/s11250-013-0481-5	University of Zimbabwe, Paraclinical Veterinary Studies, P.O Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Makoholi Research Station, P Bag 9182, Masvingo, Zimbabwe; Department of Animal science, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Gusha, J., University of Zimbabwe, Paraclinical Veterinary Studies, P.O Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Manyuchi, C.R., Makoholi Research Station, P Bag 9182, Masvingo, Zimbabwe; Imbayarwo-Chikosi, V.E., Department of Animal science, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Hamandishe, V.R., Department of Animal science, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Katsande, S., University of Zimbabwe, Paraclinical Veterinary Studies, P.O Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Zvinorova, P.I., University of Zimbabwe, Paraclinical Veterinary Studies, P.O Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	The effects of supplementing crossbred cows with non-conventional protein sources on dry matter intake, milk yield parameters and economic returns were investigated. Twenty-five lactating F1 Holstein-Mashona crossbreds averaging 115±24 days in milk were used. Five treatments, total mixed ration (TMR), urea-treated maize stover, untreated maize stover, Macroptilium atropurpureum (Siratro) hay and veld hay, were randomly assigned to cows and replicated five times in a completely randomised design. Nutrient composition, intake, milk yield and economic returns were determined. M. atropurpureum hay, urea-treated maize stover and TMR had equal crude protein content. Daily dry matter intake and yield differed significantly among the treatment diets (P &lt;0.05). Cows on TMR, urea-treated maize stover and M. atropurpureum consumed more (P &lt;0.05) than cows on untreated maize stover and veld hay. Supplementing with TMR, urea-treated maize stover and M. atropurpureum hay increased (P &lt;0.05) milk yields. Mean daily milk yield was highest for cows supplemented with urea-treated maize stover. Percent fat, protein and total solids in milk from cows fed urea-treated stover compared favourably to that of milk for cows supplemented with TMR. Income over supplement cost was highest for cows supplemented with M. atropurpureum hay and urea-treated maize stover. Urea-treated maize stover and M. atropurpureum can therefore be used as a replacer protein supplements for dairy cattle in Zimbabwe. © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013.	Crossbred cattle; Maize stover; Milk production; Siratro hay; Urea treatment; Zimbabwe	urea; animal; animal disease; animal food; article; cattle; chemistry; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; dairying; diet; diet supplementation; economics; Fabaceae; female; lactation; maize; metabolism; physiology; plant stem; protein intake; randomized controlled trial; Zimbabwe; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Cattle; Dairying; Diet; Dietary Proteins; Dietary Supplements; Fabaceae; Female; Lactation; Plant Stems; Urea; Zea mays; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893767641	Pre-weaning growth performance of crossbred lambs (Dorper × indigenous sheep breeds) under semi-intensive management in eastern Ethiopia	Teklebrhan T., Urge M., Mekasha Y., Baissa M.	2014	Tropical Animal Health and Production	46	2	10.1007/s11250-013-0513-1	College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, School of Animal and Range Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 236, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia	Teklebrhan, T., College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, School of Animal and Range Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 236, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Urge, M., College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, School of Animal and Range Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 236, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Mekasha, Y., College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, School of Animal and Range Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 236, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Baissa, M., College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, School of Animal and Range Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 236, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia	A study was conducted to assess the effect of genetic and non-genetic factors (litter size, sex of lamb, and parity of dam) on pre-weaning growth performance of crossbred lambs (75 % Dorper (DR) 25 % indigenous lambs; and 50 % Dorper 50 % indigenous lambs) under semi-intensive husbandry practices in eastern Ethiopia. Data from a total of 275 Dorper sire breed × indigenous (Blackhead Ogaden [BHO] and Hararghe Highland [HH]) crossbred lambs with different genetic group of the parental breeds were collected for three consecutive years (2009 to 2011). Pre-weaning growth performance attributes of crossbred lambs studied were birth weight, weaning weight, and pre-weaning average daily gain. Data were analyzed using the GLM procedure of SAS (2003). Breed group and non-genetic factors significantly affected pre-weaning growth performance. Lambs with 75 % Dorper and 25 % indigenous had higher (P < 0.01) birth weight than 50 % DR and 50 % HH but similar to 50 % DR and 50 % BHO. Weaning weight and pre-weaning live weight gain were higher (P < 0.01) for 3/4DR1/4BHO and 3/4DR1/4HH than 50 % Dorper inheritance. Single-born lambs had higher weight at birth, weaning weight, and pre-weaning average daily gain as compared to twins. Sex comparison is significant (P < 0.05) and male lambs recorded highest pre-weaning growth performance compared to female counterparts. Parity, season, and lambing year significantly (P < 0.01) influenced the pre-weaning growth of crossbred lambs. Therefore, it could be concluded that 50-75 % Dorper inheritance improved pre-weaning growth performance of indigenous breeds of Hararghe Highland and Blackhead Ogaden sheep. The result also suggested culling of ewes older than fourth parity to improve the pre-weaning growth performance of lambs. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Average daily gain; Birth weight; Fixed effects; Weaning weight	Animalia; Ovis aries; animal; animal husbandry; Ethiopia; female; genetics; growth, development and aging; male; sheep; suckling animal; weaning; weight gain; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Animals, Suckling; Ethiopia; Female; Male; Sheep; Weaning; Weight Gain	USAID, United States Agency for International Development
Scopus	2-s2.0-84895090193	Feeding value of different levels of malt sprout and katikala atella on nutrient utilization and growth performance of sheep fed basal diet of Rhodes grass hay	Nurfeta A., Abdu Y.	2014	Tropical Animal Health and Production	46	3	10.1007/s11250-013-0527-8	School of Animal and Range Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 222, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Department of Animal and Range Sciences, School of Agriculture, Adama University, P.O. Box 193, Asella, Ethiopia	Nurfeta, A., School of Animal and Range Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 222, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Abdu, Y., Department of Animal and Range Sciences, School of Agriculture, Adama University, P.O. Box 193, Asella, Ethiopia	Nonconventional agro-industrial by-products such as traditional liquor residues (locally called katikala atella) are widely used by livestock farmers in Ethiopia. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the supplementary value of katikala atella and malt sprout (MS) on performance of sheep fed a basal diet of Rhodes grass hay. Thirty intact yearling male sheep with an average initial body weight of 17.4 ± 0.74 kg (mean ± SD) were assigned to the treatments in a completely randomized block design: atella alone (T1), 75 % atella + 25 % malt sprout (MS) (T2), 50 % atella + 50 % MS (T3), 25 % atella + 75 % MS (T4), MS alone (T5), and Rhodes grass hay alone (T6). Grass hay was fed ad libitum to all treatments. The total dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) intakes of sheep fed T4, T5, and T3 diets were the highest (P < 0.05), while sheep receiving T6 had the lowest DM intake. The highest (P < 0.05) total crude protein (CP) intake was for sheep fed T5 diet, while the lowest was for those fed T6 diet. Sheep receiving T3 diet had higher (P < 0.05) DM, OM, CP, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility as compared with those fed T1, T2, and T6 diets. Sheep supplemented with 50-100 % malt sprout had similar (P > 0.05) DM, OM, CP, NDF, and ADF digestibility. The highest (P < 0.05) average daily gain was for sheep fed T3, T4, and T5 diets, while sheep in T6 lost body weight. Sheep fed T5 diet had the highest (P < 0.05) nitrogen retention, while those fed T6 diet had the lowest. The study has shown that a mixture diet consisting of equal parts of katikala atella and malt sprout (T3) are found to be superior in most of the required nutrient characteristics. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Adilo sheep; Atella; Grass hay; Malt sprout	animal; animal disease; animal food; article; body weight; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; diet; diet supplementation; dietary fiber; digestion; Ethiopia; food industry; growth, development and aging; industrial waste; male; metabolism; nutritional value; physiology; randomized controlled trial; sheep; standard; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Body Weight; Diet; Dietary Fiber; Dietary Supplements; Digestion; Ethiopia; Food Industry; Industrial Waste; Male; Nutritive Value; Sheep	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900526166	Performance of Mashona doelings supplemented with different levels of velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens L. DC. var. utilis) seed meal	Madzimure J., Mutema N., Chimonyo M., Bakare A.G., Mapiye C.	2014	Tropical Animal Health and Production	46	5	10.1007/s11250-014-0578-5	Department of Animal Production and Technology, Chinhoyi University of Technology, P. Bag 7724, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe; Department of Livestock and Wildlife Management, Midlands State University, P. Bag 9055, Gweru, Zimbabwe; Discipline of Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P. Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Madzimure, J., Department of Animal Production and Technology, Chinhoyi University of Technology, P. Bag 7724, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe; Mutema, N., Department of Livestock and Wildlife Management, Midlands State University, P. Bag 9055, Gweru, Zimbabwe; Chimonyo, M., Discipline of Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Bakare, A.G., Discipline of Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Mapiye, C., Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P. Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of feeding increasing levels of velvet bean seed meal (VBM; 0, 12, 24, and 36 %) on the performance of Mashona doelings. Dry matter intake was lower (P < 0.05) for the control diet compared to VBM diets, but linearly declined (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of VBM. Average daily weight gain was significantly different between experimental groups. Doelings' final live weights and average daily gains were slightly higher in control group than other three supplemented groups where they linearly declined (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of VBM. The cost per kilogram of feed, however, decreased with high inclusion level of VBM. Result suggested that high inclusion level of VBM negatively influenced the growth of young goats probably due to the presence of some anti-nutritional factors which needs further investigation. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Average daily gain; Feed intake; Feeding level; Goats; Velvet bean; Weight gain	analysis; animal; animal food; animal food; diet; diet supplementation; energy metabolism; goat; growth, development and aging; Mucuna; veterinary; weight gain; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Energy Metabolism; Goats; Mucuna; Weight Gain	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904577996	Evaluation of bovine rumen contents as a feed for lambs	Olafadehan O.A., Okunade S.A., Njidda A.A.	2014	Tropical Animal Health and Production	46	6	10.1007/s11250-014-0590-9	Department of Animal Science, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, Bayero University, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria	Olafadehan, O.A., Department of Animal Science, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria; Okunade, S.A., Department of Animal Production Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Nigeria; Njidda, A.A., Department of Animal Science, Bayero University, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria	This study evaluated effects of increasing levels of dried rumen contents (DRC) on voluntary intake, growth performance, digestibility, nutritive value, N utilization, microbial protein supply (MPS), and purine derivatives excretion (PDE) of lambs fed with Afzelia africana basal forage. Sixteen lambs (13.7 ± 0.1 kg body weight (BW)) were randomly assigned to one of the four eight diets containing 0, 200, 400 and 600 g DRC/kg dry matter (DM) in a completely random design. Intakes of concentrate, DM, crude protein (CP), organic matter (OM), digestible CP (DCP), digestible OM (DOM), digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME), CP and OM digestibility, DOM, DCP, DE, ME, N intake and retention, weight gain, cost/kg BW gain, MPS and PDE increased with increasing DRC level up to 400 g/kg DRC and declined at 600 g/kg DRC (P < 0.05; 0.01). Feed conversion ratio and DM digestibility declined as DRC level increased from 0 to 400 g/kg and peaked at 600 g/kg DRC (P < 0.05; 0.01). Forage intake and DE/DCP ratio decreased (P < 0.05; 0.01) progressively with increasing DRC level. Results indicate that DRC can be incorporated up to 400 g/kg in a compounded ration for sheep. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Lambs; Microbial protein; N utilization; Nutritive value; Rumen content; Weight gain	Afzelia africana; Bovinae; Ovis aries; nitrogen; analysis; analysis of variance; animal; animal food; animal food; animal husbandry; Bovinae; chemistry; controlled study; cost benefit analysis; diet; digestion; domestic sheep; growth, development and aging; metabolism; Nigeria; nutritional value; physiology; procedures; randomized controlled trial; ruminant stomach; stomach juice; veterinary; weight gain; Analysis of Variance; Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Cattle; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diet; Digestion; Gastrointestinal Contents; Nigeria; Nitrogen; Nutritive Value; Rumen; Sheep, Domestic; Weight Gain	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904538961	The effect of non-genetic factors on the reproductive performance of Sanga and Friesian × Sanga crossbred dairy cattle breeds kept under hot and humid environment	Apori S.O., Hagan J.K.	2014	Tropical Animal Health and Production	46	6	10.1007/s11250-014-0604-7	Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	Apori, S.O., Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Hagan, J.K., Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	A study was conducted to assess the effect of non-genetic factors on the reproductive performance of Sanga and Friesian × Sanga crossbred dairy cattle kept at Amrahia Dairy Farm, Ghana. Records on 66 crossbred Friesian × Sanga and 105 purebred Sanga cattle from 2005 to 2012 were used. The effect of sex of calf (male or female), season of calving (major, minor and dry), year of calving (2005-2012) and parity (first to third) on birthweight, calving interval and age at first calving were determined. The data were analyzed using the general linear model procedures of GenStat (Discovery Edition). The effect of parity of dam, year of calving, season of calving and sex of calf were considered as fixed effects for evaluating the different reproductive traits. Data on calving and conception rates over the period were 74.3 and 76.1 %, respectively. The overall mean values for birthweight, age at first calving and calving interval obtained were 23.9 ± 1.5 and 22.8 ± 1.4 kg, 38.8 ± 2.5 and 40.2 ± 2.4 months and 390.8 ± 12.5 and 413.6 ± 12.1 days for the crossbred and Sanga, respectively. It was observed that all the major determinants of reproductive performance studied apart from birthweight were significantly influenced by year of birth, parity, season of calving and sex. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Age at first calving; Birthweight; Calving interval; Friesian; Reproductive; Sanga	Animalia; Bos; Friesia; Sanga; animal; birth weight; Bovinae; breeding; cross breeding; dairying; female; fertilization; Ghana; heat; humidity; male; parity; physiology; pregnancy; procedures; reproduction; season; sex difference; statistical model; tropic climate; Animals; Birth Weight; Breeding; Cattle; Crosses, Genetic; Dairying; Female; Fertilization; Ghana; Hot Temperature; Humidity; Linear Models; Male; Parity; Pregnancy; Reproduction; Seasons; Sex Factors; Tropical Climate	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904544970	Pre-breeding blood urea nitrogen concentration and reproductive performance of Bonsmara heifers within different management systems	Tshuma T., Holm D.E., Fosgate G.T., Lourens D.C.	2014	Tropical Animal Health and Production	46	6	10.1007/s11250-014-0608-3	Department of Production Animal Studies, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X 04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa	Tshuma, T., Department of Production Animal Studies, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X 04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Holm, D.E., Department of Production Animal Studies, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X 04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Fosgate, G.T., Department of Production Animal Studies, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X 04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Lourens, D.C., Department of Production Animal Studies, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X 04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa	This study investigated the association between pre-breeding blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration and reproductive performance of beef heifers within different management systems in South Africa. Bonsmara heifers (n = 369) from five herds with different estimated levels of nitrogen intake during the month prior to the commencement of the breeding season were sampled in November and December 2010 to determine BUN concentrations. Body mass, age, body condition score (BCS) and reproductive tract score (RTS) were recorded at study enrolment. Trans-rectal ultrasound and/or palpation was performed 4-8 weeks after a 3-month breeding season to estimate the stage of pregnancy. Days to pregnancy (DTP) was defined as the number of days from the start of the breeding season until the estimated conception date. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards survival analysis were performed to estimate the association of pre-breeding BUN concentration with subsequent pregnancy and DTP, respectively. After stratifying for herd and adjusting for age, heifers with relatively higher pre-breeding BUN concentration took longer to become pregnant when compared to those with relatively lower BUN concentration (P = 0.011). In the herd with the highest estimated nitrogen intake (n = 143), heifers with relatively higher BUN were less likely to become pregnant (P = 0.013) and if they did, it was only later during the breeding season (P = 0.017), after adjusting for body mass. These associations were not present in the herd (n = 106) with the lowest estimated nitrogen intake (P > 0.500). It is concluded that Bonsmara heifers with relatively higher pre-breeding BUN concentration, might be at a disadvantage because of this negative impact on reproductive performance, particularly when the production system includes high levels of nitrogen intake. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Beef cattle; Blood urea nitrogen; Nitrogen supplementation; Reproductive performance	Bos; nitrogen; age; animal; animal food; animal husbandry; blood; body constitution; body weight; Bovinae; breeding; female; physiology; pregnancy; procedures; proportional hazards model; reproduction; South Africa; statistical model; urea nitrogen blood level; Age Factors; Animal Husbandry; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Body Constitution; Body Weight; Breeding; Cattle; Female; Logistic Models; Nitrogen; Pregnancy; Proportional Hazards Models; Reproduction; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84910124960	Effect of feeding cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) root meal on growth performance, hydrocyanide intake and haematological parameters of broiler chicks	Akapo A.O., Oso A.O., Bamgbose A.M., Sanwo K.A., Jegede A.V., Sobayo R.A., Idowu O.M., Fan J., Li L., Olorunsola R.A.	2014	Tropical Animal Health and Production	46	7	10.1007/s11250-014-0622-5	Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Institute of	Akapo, A.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Oso, A.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China; Bamgbose, A.M., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Sanwo, K.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Jegede, A.V., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Sobayo, R.A., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Idowu, O.M., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Fan, J., Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China; Li, L., Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China; Olorunsola, R.A., Faculty of Science, Ondo State University of Science and Technology, Ondo, Nigeria	The effect of feeding cassava root meal on growth performance, hydrocyanide intake, haematological indices and serum thiocyanate concentration of broiler chicks was investigated using 300-day-old male broilers. There were five dietary treatments arranged in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement of two processing methods of cassava root (peeled and unpeeled) included at two levels (100 and 200 g/kg) plus a control diet (maize-based diet, containing no cassava root). Each treatment was replicated six times with ten birds per replicate. The feeding trial lasted for 28 days. Control-fed birds had the highest overall (P < 0.01) final liveweight and weight gain, least (P < 0.05) hydrocyanide (HCN) intake and best (P < 0.05) feed-to-gain ratio. Chicks fed with control and diet containing 100 g/kg peeled cassava root meal (PCRM) had the least (P < 0.05) feed cost per weight gain. Chicks fed with diet containing 100 g/kg cassava root meal had higher (P < 0.05) final liveweight and weight gain and reduced (P < 0.05) HCN intake than chicks fed with diet containing 200 g/kg cassava root meal. Dietary inclusion of peeled cassava root meal (PCRM) for broiler chicks resulted in increased final liveweight (P < 0.05), weight gain (P < 0.01) and feed intake (P < 0.01) when compared with birds fed with diet containing unpeeled cassava root meal (UCRM). The least (P < 0.01) final liveweight and weight gain and worst (P < 0.05) feed-to-gain ratio were obtained with chicks fed with diet containing 200 g/kg UCRM. Increased dietary inclusion levels of cassava root resulted in significant increase (P < 0.05) in white blood cell (WBC) count, heterophil count and serum thiocyanate concentration. In comparison with chicks fed with diet containing UCRM, dietary inclusion of PCRM resulted in increased (P < 0.05) red blood cell (RBC) count and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and reduced (P < 0.05) white blood cell (WBC) count and serum thiocyanate concentration. Although inclusion of 100 g/kg PCRM showed some economic sense, dietary inclusion of either peeled or unpeeled cassava root poses a threat on growth and health status of broiler chicks. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Broiler chicks; Cassava root meal; Hydrocyanide intake; Peeling process; Serum thiocyanate	hydrogen cyanide; analysis; animal; animal food; animal husbandry; blood; body weight; chemistry; chicken; controlled study; diet; drug effects; eating; growth, development and aging; maize; male; Manihot; metabolism; plant root; procedures; randomized controlled trial; veterinary; weight gain; Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Body Weight; Chickens; Diet; Eating; Hydrogen Cyanide; Male; Manihot; Plant Roots; Weight Gain; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84910001755	Performance of goats fed on low quality veld hay supplemented with fresh spiny cactus (Opuntia megacantha) mixed with browse legumes hay in Zimbabwe	Gusha J., Halimani T.E., Katsande S., Zvinorova P.I.	2014	Tropical Animal Health and Production	46	7	10.1007/s11250-014-0636-z	Para-Clinical Department of Veterinary Studies, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Animal Science, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe	Gusha, J., Para-Clinical Department of Veterinary Studies, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Halimani, T.E., Department of Animal Science, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Katsande, S., Para-Clinical Department of Veterinary Studies, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Zvinorova, P.I., Para-Clinical Department of Veterinary Studies, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe	Nutrition is a major constraint in smallholder livestock production; hence, the use of alternative sources which are adaptive to long dry seasons is imperative. The study was conducted to establish options of improving nutrition and palatability and also to determine the performance of goats fed on cactus–browse hay as dry season supplements. Palatability and adequacy of nutrition was investigated using 32 castrated male goat kids. The kids were housed in individual metabolism cages for 84 days in a complete randomised design (CRD) with eight replicates for the four treatment diets. Daily experimental diet, basal diet and water intake were measured, and live mass was measured at weekly intervals. Daily diet intake was significantly different (P < 0.05) among treatments. Kids that were supplemented with cactus–Leucaena leucocephala meal (CLLM) consumed more than those on cactus–Acacia angustissima meal (CAAM), cactus–Gliricidia sepium meal (CGSM) and cactus–Pennisetum purpureum meal (CPPM) in that order. CGSM was not readily palatable as goat kids refused to take it when mixed with fresh cactus. Animals that were not supplemented with a source of nitrogen together with those that were supplemented with less palatable diet of CGSM lost weight significantly (P < 0.05) initially but gained weight slightly towards the end of the study. Significantly higher weight gains (P < 0.05) were observed in animals in CLLM and CAAM treatment. It was concluded that fresh cactus could be used to improve poor quality roughage intakes in goats, and therefore, there is need to promote its use in periods of feed deficit especially in smallholder sector. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Alternative feeds; Cactus–browse legume; Dry season supplements; Nutrition adequacy; Palatability	analysis; animal; animal food; controlled study; diet; diet supplementation; Fabaceae; goat; growth, development and aging; male; metabolism; morphometrics; Opuntia; physiology; randomized controlled trial; season; statistical model; veterinary; weight gain; Zimbabwe; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Body Weights and Measures; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Fabaceae; Goats; Male; Models, Statistical; Opuntia; Seasons; Weight Gain; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921938676	Effects of supplementing cassava peels with cassava leaves and cowpea haulms on the performance, intake, digestibility and nitrogen utilization of West African Dwarf goats	Abatan O., Oni A.O., Adebayo K., Iposu S., Sowande O.S., Onwuka C.F.I.	2014	Tropical Animal Health and Production	47	1	10.1007/s11250-014-0695-1	Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production and Health,	Abatan, O., Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Oni, A.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Adebayo, K., Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Iposu, S., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Sowande, O.S., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Onwuka, C.F.I., Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	A 16-week experiment was conducted to determine the utilization of ratios of cassava leaf meal, cassava peel and cowpea haulms by West African Dwarf (WAD) goats. Thirty WAD bucks aged 8 ± 1.3 months with body weights of 6–6.5 ± 0.12 kg were divided into five groups of six animals and each group randomly assigned to one of the treatments in a completely randomized design. The five dietary treatments were formulated to contain cassava peels, leaves and cowpea haulms at different proportions of 700:100:175 (T1), 500:200:275 (T2), 300:300:375 (T3) and 100:400:475 (T4) g/kg dry matter (DM), respectively. A standard diet formulated to meet the nutrient requirement of the animals with no cassava and cowpea haulms was used as the control diet (T5). DM intake ranged from 316.16 to 458.73 g/day and significantly increased (linear (L), quadratic (Q), cubic (C): P < 0.05) as the inclusion of cassava peels reduced and cassava leaves and cowpea haulms increased in the diets. The crude protein (CP) intake significantly increased (L, Q, C: P < 0.05) as the inclusion of cassava peels reduced and cassava leaves and cowpea haulms increased in the diets. Growth rate values significantly (L: P < 0.05; Q: P < 0.01) ranged from 21.55 g/day in T1 to 43.09 g/day in T4. The feed conversion ratio was significantly (L, Q: P <0.01) lowest in T4 (11.35) and was highest in animals in T5 (14.33). Dry matter digestibility significantly (L, Q, C: P < 0.05) ranged from 78.94 to 89.52 %. The digestibility increased as the inclusion of cassava leaves and cowpea haulms increased and reduced cassava peels in the diets. The highest N intake of 14.75 g/day obtained in T4 was significantly (L: P < 0.01; Q, C: P < 0.05) different from the values of 9.26, 10.56, 11.31 and 12.02 in T1, T2, T3 and T5, respectively. Nitrogen balance values significantly (L, Q, C: P < 0.05) ranged from 2.75 g/day in T1 to 9.15 g/day in T4. It is recommended that cassava peels, leaves and cowpea haulms in the proportion of 100:400:475 g/kg DM improved the growth and digestibility of WAD goats and can therefore be used to sustain animal performance during the dry season in a total mixed ration. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Cassava leaves; Cassava peels; Cowpea haulms; Nitrogen; Performance; WAD goats	nitrogen; Africa; analysis; animal; animal food; body weight; chemistry; controlled study; diet; diet supplementation; digestion; drug effects; goat; growth, development and aging; Manihot; metabolism; plant leaf; randomized controlled trial; veterinary; Africa, Western; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Body Weight; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Digestion; Goats; Manihot; Nitrogen; Plant Leaves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922076629	Growth and reproductive performance of two rabbit breeds reared under intensive system in Ghana	Apori S.O., Hagan J.K., Osei Y.D.	2014	Tropical Animal Health and Production	47	1	10.1007/s11250-014-0714-2	Department of Animal Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Animal Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Accra, Ghana	Apori, S.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Hagan, J.K., Department of Animal Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Osei, Y.D., Animal Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Accra, Ghana	A study on the growth and reproductive performance of two rabbit breeds was undertaken. Data on 588 kits and 97 does of California White and 574 kits and 90 does of New Zealand White rabbits reared under hot and humid environment in Ghana were taken. The reproductive performance of the two breeds, in terms of litter size at birth and weaning, litter weight at birth and weaning, kindling interval, age at sexual maturity, and gestation length as influenced by breed, season of kindling (rainy and dry), year of kindling (2005–2012), and parity (first to sixth and over) were determined. The performance of California White in terms of litter size at birth, at weaning, kit weight at birth, and age at first kindling was 5.9 ± 0.2, 4.6 ± 0.1, 54.7 ± 0.4 g, and 159.8 ± 0.2 days, respectively. That of New Zealand White was 5.9 ± 0.1, 5.1 ± 0.1, 55.2 ± 1.0 g, and 159.9 ± 0.2 days, respectively. The results obtained also showed a significant breed effects on kit weight at birth, litter weight at weaning, and mortality; whereas no significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between the two breeds regarding the other traits measured. Parity had significant effects (p < 0.05) on all the growth and reproductive parameters measured with the exception of age at first kindling. Year of kindling also had significant effect on litter weight at birth, kit weight at birth, and at weaning (p < 0.05) but did not have any significant effect on the age at sexual maturity and mortality. Season also had significant (p < 0.05) effects on kit weight at birth, gestation length, kindling interval, and mortality with better performance experienced during the rainy season. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	California White; Kits; Litter size; New Zealand White; Parity; Season	animal; animal husbandry; body weight; breeding; female; Ghana; litter size; parity; physiology; pregnancy; procedures; rabbit; reproduction; season; species difference; statistical model; weaning; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Body Weight; Breeding; Female; Ghana; Linear Models; Litter Size; Parity; Pregnancy; Rabbits; Reproduction; Seasons; Species Specificity; Weaning	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925543842	Performance of weaner rabbits fed a concentrate diet supplemented with pawpaw leaves	Aderinboye R.Y., Oladeji O.T., Abaire M.A., Sobayo R.A., Oso A.O., Oni A.O., Yusuf K.O., Osho S.O., Bamgbose A.M.	2014	Tropical Animal Health and Production	47	2	10.1007/s11250-014-0723-1	Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Aderinboye, R.Y., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Oladeji, O.T., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Abaire, M.A., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Sobayo, R.A., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Oso, A.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Oni, A.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Yusuf, K.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Osho, S.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Bamgbose, A.M., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	This experiment investigated the performance of weaner rabbits fed concentrate diets supplemented with pawpaw leaves (PPL). Twenty-four male weaner rabbits aged 5 weeks, weighing between 350 and 450 g were used. Concentrate diet was supplemented with PPL in ratios 100:0, 70:30, 50:50 and 30:70. Rabbits were randomly allotted to the four diets in a completely randomised design for 8 weeks, with six rabbits per diet. Results showed that rabbits supplemented with 30 and 50 % PPL had higher (P < 0.05) dry matter intake to sole concentrate. At 70 % PPL, dry matter intake did not vary with other treatments. Weight gain was higher (P < 0.05) in rabbits fed 30 and 50 % PPL than sole concentrate. Rabbits fed 70 % PPL had lower (P < 0.05) weight gain to animals fed 30 % PPL but gained similarly (P > 0.05) to those fed on 50 % PPL and sole concentrate. Feed conversion ratio improved (P < 0.05) in animals fed 30, 50 and 70 % PPL. Rabbits fed 30 % PPL had the highest (P < 0.05) protein efficiency ratio. Rabbits had higher dry matter digestibility (P < 0.05) with PPL supplementation than sole concentrate while crude protein and fibre digestibility was higher with 30 and 50 % PPL. Haematological and serum parameters in rabbits were unaltered with feeding PPL. It is concluded that weaner rabbits can utilise PPL as supplement to concentrate diet at 30 to 70 % dry matter with positive responses in performance and nutrient digestibility without deleterious effect on the physiological status of the rabbits. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Concentrate; Feed conversion; Haematology; Pawpaw leaves; Rabbit; Supplement	animal; animal food; Asimina; diet supplementation; male; plant leaf; rabbit; randomization; weaning; weight gain; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Asimina; Dietary Supplements; Male; Plant Leaves; Rabbits; Random Allocation; Weaning; Weight Gain	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925484047	Feed intake, digestibility, growth performance, and blood profile of pigs fed mixtures of dried and ground fig (Ficus sur) fruits and graded levels of maize	Diba D., Mekasha Y., Urge M., Tolera A.	2014	Tropical Animal Health and Production	47	2	10.1007/s11250-014-0725-z	Department of Animal Sciences, Wollega University, P.O. Box 395, Nekemte, Ethiopia; School of Animal and Range Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; School of Animal and Range Sciences, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia; International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Diba, D., Department of Animal Sciences, Wollega University, P.O. Box 395, Nekemte, Ethiopia; Mekasha, Y., School of Animal and Range Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia, International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Urge, M., School of Animal and Range Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Tolera, A., School of Animal and Range Sciences, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia	This study was conducted to examine the effect of feeding a mixture of different proportions of Ficus sur fruits (FSF) and ground maize grain (MG) on intake, digestibility, growth, and blood profile on Yorkshire pigs. Dietary treatments comprised 100 % FSF and 0 % MG (100FSF), 67 % FSF and 33 % MG (67FSF), 33 % FSF and 67 % MG (33FSF), and 0 % FSF and 100 % MG (0FSF). Noug cake and soybean meal were included to meet nutrient requirement of the animals at isonitrogenous (18 % crude protein (CP)) level with graded levels of energy. Twenty pigs with an average initial weight of 27.75 ± 1.4 kg were grouped according to their body weight, and animals from each group were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments. There was no difference (P > 0.05) in dry matter, crude protein, and metabolizable energy intakes among the treatments. Organic matter (P < 0.05), ether extract (P < 0.01), and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) intakes were higher (P < 0.0001) for pigs fed with 0FSF than 100FSF. The digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, and NFE did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatments. However, organic matter digestibility (P < 0.05) was highest for pigs in 0FSF than 100FSF. Conversely, crude fiber digestibility was in the reverse trend. No significant differences were observed in body weight gain among treatments (P > 0.05). The blood counts and sera metabolites of pigs across the treatments fall within the optimum range. Packed cell volume (PCV) and hemoglobin (Hgb) were higher, but creatinine and cholesterol concentrations were lower in 100FSF than 0FSF indicating better health conditions in pigs fed with FSF. It is, therefore, concluded that feeding FSF has comparable effects with MG on the metabolic performance, growth, and blood profile of pigs. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Blood profile; Ficus sur fruits; Growth performance; Maize grain; Pigs	animal; animal food; blood; caloric intake; Ficus; growth, development and aging; maize; male; pig; randomization; weight gain; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Energy Intake; Ficus; Male; Random Allocation; Swine; Weight Gain; Zea mays	None
None	None	Effect of days in feedlot on growth performance, carcass and meat quality attributes of Tanzania shorthorn zebu steers	Asimwe L., Kimambo A.E., Laswai G.H., Mtenga L.A., Weisbjerg M.R., Madsen J.	2015	Tropical Animal Health and Production	47	5	10.1007/s11250-015-0801-z	Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Animal Science, Au Foulum, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, Tjele, Denmark; Department of Larger Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark	Asimwe, L., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Kimambo, A.E., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Laswai, G.H., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Mtenga, L.A., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Weisbjerg, M.R., Department of Animal Science, Au Foulum, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, Tjele, Denmark; Madsen, J., Department of Larger Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark	A study was conducted on 50 steers (183 ± 4 kg initial body weight, 3 years of age) to assess effects of days in feedlot on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of Tanzania shorthorn zebu (TSZ) cattle with the aim of determining appropriate finishing period. Periods were 0 day (P<inf>0</inf>), 25 days (P<inf>25</inf>), 50 days (P<inf>50</inf>), 75 days (P<inf>75</inf>) and 100 days (P<inf>100</inf>) with 10 animals per period. Steers were housed in individual pens, fed with a concentrate diet and hay on an ad libitum basis except the P<inf>0</inf> group which was slaughtered at the beginning of trial. Long stay in feedlot, P<inf>100</inf>, increased concentrate dry matter intake by 2 kg DM/day over short stay, P<inf>25</inf>. Final weight and total gain increased (P < 0.05) from P<inf>25</inf> (22.6 kg) to P<inf>100</inf> steers (95.4 kg). Periods had no influence (P > 0.05) on an average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) but affected carcass characteristics. Empty body weight (EBW) and hot carcass weight (HCW) increased by 61 and 65 %, respectively, from no feedlot, P<inf>0</inf> to P<inf>100</inf>. Dressing percentage was high (P < 0.05) for P<inf>100</inf> steers. Carcass measurements, internal fat, fat thickness and carcass total fat were the highest (P < 0.05) on P<inf>100</inf> steers and the lowest on P<inf>0</inf> steers. Rate of pH decline increased with days in feedlot, while cooking loss and shear force values decreased in advanced ageing time. Feedlot periods of 75 and 100 days resulted into high intake, carcass measurements and tenderness, but 100 days further increased carcass fatness and fat thickness levels, thus, with this particular feeding system and animal’s condition, 75 days is the recommended period to finish TSZ cattle in feedlots. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Beef; Carcass; Gain; Period of stay; Quality	Animalia; Bos; Bos indicus; analysis; animal; animal food; animal husbandry; body weight; bovine; controlled study; diet; growth, development and aging; male; meat; physiology; randomized controlled trial; Tanzania; veterinary; Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Body Weight; Cattle; Diet; Male; Meat; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937760421	Effect of genotype and stocking density on broiler performance during two subtropical seasons	Benyi K., Netshipale A.J., Mahlako K.T., Gwata E.T.	2015	Tropical Animal Health and Production	47	5	10.1007/s11250-015-0816-5	School of Agriculture, University of Venda, P. Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, South Africa	Benyi, K., School of Agriculture, University of Venda, P. Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Netshipale, A.J., School of Agriculture, University of Venda, P. Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Mahlako, K.T., School of Agriculture, University of Venda, P. Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Gwata, E.T., School of Agriculture, University of Venda, P. Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, South Africa	Ross 308 and Cobb Avian48 broilers were raised at stocking densities of 30, 40, and 50 kg BW/m2 during 49-day production period in winter and summer. The effect of season, genotype, and stocking density on growth performance and carcass characteristics was investigated. Ross 308 consumed more feed, gained more body weight, and was heavier than Cobb at slaughter age. Chickens raised in winter consumed more feed, gained more body weight and were heavier at slaughter age but had a higher mortality rate than those raised in summer. Broilers raised at the stocking density of 30 kg BW/m2 gained more body weight and were heavier at 49 days than those raised at 40 and 50 kg BW/m2. There was a progressive reduction in feed intake with increasing stocking density but neither season, genotype nor stocking density influenced feed conversion ratio. There was a genotype effect on the percentage gizzard weight, while stocking density influenced the percentage weights of carcass, breast, gizzard, heart and abdominal fat. There were genotype × stocking density interaction effects on feed consumption during the grower and finisher stages as well as the relative weights of breast, gizzard and heart. It is suggested that for profitable broiler production in the tropics and subtropics Ross 308 reared at stocking density of 30 kg BW/m2 preferably in winter be considered. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Broiler chickens; Carcass; Genotype; Season; Stocking density	animal; animal husbandry; body weight; chicken; feeding behavior; genetics; genotype; growth, development and aging; population density; season; tropic climate; weight gain; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Body Weight; Chickens; Feeding Behavior; Genotype; Population Density; Seasons; Tropical Climate; Weight Gain	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938965419	Effect of browse plant foliage supplementation on the performance of buckling goats fed threshed sorghum top basal diet	Isah O.A., Okunade S.A., Aderinboye R.Y., Olafadehan O.A.	2015	Tropical Animal Health and Production	47	6	10.1007/s11250-015-0823-6	Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria	Isah, O.A., Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Okunade, S.A., Department of Animal Production Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Nigeria; Aderinboye, R.Y., Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Olafadehan, O.A., Department of Animal Science, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria	The effect of browse plants (Piliostigma thonningii, Daniellia oliveri, Afzelia africana, Pterocarpus erinaceus and Annona senegalensis) supplementation on nutrient intake, digestibility, nutritive value and N utilization and growth performance of buckling goats fed threshed sorghum top (TST) was investigated using 24 Red Sokoto goats (9.0 ± 0.25 kg) body weight (BW) which were randomly assigned to one of the six diets in a completely random design. Intakes of dry matter (DM) and nutrients, feed conversion ratio, digestibility of nutrients except for neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF), digestible organic matter (DOM), digestible crude protein (DCP), energy concentration, N utilization and average daily gain were superior (P < 0.05) in TST-supplemented diets compared to sole TST diet. Among the supplemental fodders, intakes of forage, DM, condensed tannins and most of the nutrients; digestibility of DM, crude protein (CP) and non-fibre carbohydrate, DOM and DCP; and N absorbed, balance and retention were greater (P < 0.05) in A. africana relative to the other fodders. Results indicate that the entire browse fodders are good supplements to low quality TST, though A. africana appears to have a better nutritive value. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Digestibility; Goat; Intake; N utilization; Nutritive value; Weight gain	Afzelia africana; Annona senegalensis; Capra hircus; Daniellia oliveri; Pterocarpus erinaceus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938949342	Growth performance of Brangus steers fed graded levels of sun-dried broiler litter as a substitute for cottonseed cake	Masaka L., Mhaka V., Sungirai M., Nyamukanza C.	2015	Tropical Animal Health and Production	47	6	10.1007/s11250-015-0827-2	Department of Livestock and Wildlife Management, Midlands State University, P. Bag 9055, Gweru, Zimbabwe	Masaka, L., Department of Livestock and Wildlife Management, Midlands State University, P. Bag 9055, Gweru, Zimbabwe; Mhaka, V., Department of Livestock and Wildlife Management, Midlands State University, P. Bag 9055, Gweru, Zimbabwe; Sungirai, M., Department of Livestock and Wildlife Management, Midlands State University, P. Bag 9055, Gweru, Zimbabwe; Nyamukanza, C., Department of Livestock and Wildlife Management, Midlands State University, P. Bag 9055, Gweru, Zimbabwe	An experiment was conducted to determine the optimum inclusion levels of dried broiler litter (DBL) as a substitute for cottonseed cake (CSC) in fattening diets for Brangus steers. Thirty Brangus steers were randomly allocated to five groups of six animals each. Each group was fed one of the experimental diets which had CSC substituted for DBL at levels of 0 (DBL0), 50 (DBL50), 100 (DBL100), 150 (DBL150) and 200 g/kg (DBL200). Average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake and live weight gain (LWG) were measured over a period of 90 days, and the results were analysed using the MIXED procedures of SAS. Linear and quadratic effects of DBL inclusion on dry matter intake, LWG and ADG were also determined. Results showed interactions between diet and time that significantly affected ADG and LWG (p < 0.05). Both ADG and LWG decreased with increases in DBL inclusion with the depressed performance becoming more pronounced with time. Linear and non-linear decreases in LWG and ADG, respectively, were observed with increasing levels of DBL. The DBL50 diet resulted in performance that was similar to DBL50 and was 4 % cheaper. Broiler litter can be used as a supplement for conventional protein sources, but at higher inclusion levels, it needs to be augmented by increased fermentable energy. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Average daily gain; Fattening; Live weight gain; Steers	Animalia; Micropus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941421858	Effects of genotype and sex on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens	Benyi K., Tshilate T.S., Netshipale A.J., Mahlako K.T.	2015	Tropical Animal Health and Production	47	7	10.1007/s11250-015-0850-3	Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa	Benyi, K., Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Tshilate, T.S., Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Netshipale, A.J., Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Mahlako, K.T., Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa	Six hundred and eight day-old chicks of Ross 308 and Cobb Avian 48 broiler strains were used in a 49-day experiment to examine the effects of genotype and sex on the growth performance and carcass characteristics. Body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and mortality rate were recorded. Over all, genotype had a significant effect only on feed conversion ratio, Cobb being a better efficient in converting feed than Ross. Males consumed more feed, utilized the feed more efficiently, gained more body weight, and were heavier at 49 days of age than females but had a higher mortality rate. There were significant genotype × sex interaction effects on 49-day body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, and mortality rate. As regards carcass characteristics, genotype affected only liver weight with a heavier liver in Cobb than Ross. Sex significantly affected carcass, back, wing, leg, liver, gizzard, and abdominal fat weights with higher means for males than females for all the traits except abdominal fat weight where females had higher means than males. Genotype × sex interaction effects significantly influenced carcass, breast, back, wing, leg, and liver weights. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Broilers; Carcass characteristics; Genotype; Growth performance; Sex	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84948582385	Effects of different forms of white lupin (Lupinus albus) grain supplementation on feed intake, digestibility, growth performance and carcass characteristics of Washera sheep fed Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay-based diets	Tefera G., Tegegne F., Mekuriaw Y., Melaku S., Tsunekawa A.	2015	Tropical Animal Health and Production	47	8	10.1007/s11250-015-0901-9	Koga irrigation and watershed management project, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Department of Animal Production and Technology, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori, Japan; Haramaya University, School of Animal and Range Sciences, P.O.Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia	Tefera, G., Koga irrigation and watershed management project, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Tegegne, F., Department of Animal Production and Technology, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori, Japan; Mekuriaw, Y., Department of Animal Production and Technology, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Melaku, S., Haramaya University, School of Animal and Range Sciences, P.O.Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Tsunekawa, A., Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori, Japan	Protein is the major limiting nutrient in feeding ruminants especially in dryland areas. Thus, looking for locally available protein sources such as white lupin (Lupinus albus) grain is commendable. The objective of this experiment was to determine effects of supplementation of different forms of white lupin grain (WLG) on feed and nutrient intake, digestibility, growth and carcass characteristics. Twenty-five yearling male Washera sheep with initial body weight (BW) of 16.26 ± 1.41 kg (mean ± SD) were used. Animals were blocked into five based on their initial BW and were randomly assigned to one of the following five dietary treatments: Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay (RGH) alone (T1) or supplemented with 300 g (on dry matter (DM) basis) raw WLG (T2) or raw soaked and dehulled WLG (T3) or roasted WLG (T4) or raw soaked WLG (T5). Supplementation with WLG significantly improved total DM and nutrient intake (P &lt; 0.001), nutrient digestibility (P &lt; 0.01), and average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) (P &lt; 0.001). Carcass quality parameters were significantly (P &lt; 0.001) higher for supplemented sheep. However, the difference in carcass quality parameters among supplemented groups was not significant (P &gt; 0.05). It is concluded that roasting white lupin grain can lead to a better feed and nutrient intake and consequently better carcass quality. White lupin grain can be recommended not only for maintenance but also for optimum performance of ruminants. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Carcass characteristics; Digestibility; Dryland; Growth; Rhodes grass; Washera sheep; White lupin	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67650002419	Performance of the Cockcroft-Gault and MDRD equations in adult Nigerians with chronic kidney disease	Agaba E.I., Wigwe C.M., Agaba P.A., Tzamaloukas A.H.	2009	International Urology and Nephrology	41	3	10.1007/s11255-008-9515-8	Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, PMB 2076, Jos Plateau State, Nigeria; University of Port-Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria; APIN Center, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos Plateau State, N	Agaba, E.I., Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, PMB 2076, Jos Plateau State, Nigeria; Wigwe, C.M., University of Port-Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria; Agaba, P.A., APIN Center, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos Plateau State, Nigeria; Tzamaloukas, A.H., Renal Section, New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System and Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States	Background: Estimation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is required in the assessment of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in order to provide information regarding the functional status of the kidneys. Current guidelines advocate the use of prediction equations, such as the Cockcroft-Gault (CG) formula and the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study-derived equations, over clearance of endogenous creatinine (Ccr) in achieving this aim. We were interested in knowing the accuracy of these equations in predicting the GFR in adult Nigerians with CKD. Methods: We conducted a review of records of patients who were evaluated for CKD at the Nephrology Clinic of the Jos University Teaching Hospital between 2001 and 2003. We compared the CG and MDRD equations against the Ccr in predicting the GFR in 130 patients (88 males and 42 females) with CKD. Results: The means ± standard deviation (SD) for the measured and predicted GFR by the CG and MDRD equations were similar (17.6 ± 25.8 ml/min, 19.9 ± 24.0 ml/min and 21.5 ± 28.2 ml/min, respectively; analysis of variance [ANOVA], F = 0.68, P = 0.5). The mean difference between CG and Ccr was -2.2 ± 14.8 ml/min, with discordance at Ccr values >25 ml/min. The mean difference between MDRD and Ccr was -3.9 ± 18.1 ml/min, with discordance at Ccr values >40 ml/min. Conclusion: The CG and MDRD equations provide reliable alternatives to measured Ccr in the estimation of the GFR in Nigerian patients with CKD. © Springer Science+Business Media, B.V. 2009.	Africans; Chronic kidney disease; Cockcroft-Gault; Glomerular filtration rate; MDRD	creatinine; adult; article; chronic kidney disease; Cockcroft Gault equation; controlled study; creatinine clearance; diagnostic accuracy; female; glomerulus filtration rate; human; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; male; mathematical parameters; medical record review; Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation; Nigeria; prediction; reliability; Adult; Chronic Disease; Creatinine; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Male; Mathematics; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864285965	Predictive performance of eGFR equations in South Africans of African and Indian ancestry compared with 99mTc-DTPA imaging	Madala N.D., Nkwanyana N., Dubula T., Naiker I.P.	2012	International Urology and Nephrology	44	3	10.1007/s11255-011-9928-7	King Edward Hospital Renal Clinic, Department of Nephrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Programme of Bioethics and Medical Law, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Nephrology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. O. Box 17039, Congella 4013, South Africa	Madala, N.D., King Edward Hospital Renal Clinic, Department of Nephrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, Department of Nephrology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. O. Box 17039, Congella 4013, South Africa; Nkwanyana, N., Programme of Bioethics and Medical Law, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Dubula, T., King Edward Hospital Renal Clinic, Department of Nephrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Naiker, I.P., King Edward Hospital Renal Clinic, Department of Nephrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Background South African guidelines for early detection and management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) recommend using the Cockcroft-Gault (CG) or Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equations for calculating estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with the correction factor, 1.212, included for MDRD-eGFR in black patients. We compared eGFR against technetium-99m- diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid ( 99mTc-DTPA) imaging. Methods Using clinical records, we retrospectively recorded demographic, clinical, and laboratory data as well as 99mTc-DTPA-measured GFR (mGFR) results obtained from routine visits. Data from 148 patients of African (n = 91) and Indian (n = 57) ancestry were analyzed. Results Median (IQR) mGFR was 38.5 (44) ml/ min/1.73 m 2, with no statistical difference between African and Indian patients (P = 0. 573). In African patients with stage 3 CKD, MDRD-eGFR (unadjusted for black ethnicity) overestimated mGFR by 5.3% [2.0 (16.0) ml/min/1.73 m 2] compared to CGeGFR and MDRD-eGFR (corrected for black ethnicity) that overestimated mGFR by 17.7% [6.0 (15.0) ml/min/1.73 m 2] and 17.1% [6.0 (17.5) ml/min/ 1.73 m 2], respectively. In stage 1-2, CKD eGFR overestimated mGFR by 52.5, 38.0, and 19.3% for CG, MDRD (ethnicity-corrected), and MDRD (without correction), respectively. In Indian stage 3 CKD patients, MDRD-eGFR underestimated mGFR by 35.6% [-21.0 (6.5) ml/min/1.73 m 2] and CG-eGFR by 4.4% [-2.0 (27.0) ml/min/1.73 m 2], while in stage 1-2 CKD, CG-eGFR and MDRD-eGFR overestimated mGFR by 13.8 and 6.3%, respectively. Conclusion MDRD-eGFR calculated without the African-American correction factor improved GFR prediction in African CKD patients and using the MDRD correction factor of 1.0 in Indian patients as in Caucasians may be inappropriate. © Springer Science+Business Media, B.V. 2011.	African; CKD; Cockcroft-Gault; Glomerular filtration rate; Indian South Africans; MDRD	pentetate technetium tc 99m; adult; analytic method; anthropometry; article; chronic kidney disease; controlled study; creatinine blood level; diabetic nephropathy; diagnostic imaging; disease severity; ethnicity; female; glomerulonephritis; glomerulus filtration rate; human; hypertension; Indian; intermethod comparison; interstitial nephritis; kidney function; kidney polycystic disease; major clinical study; male; medical record review; Modification of Diet in Renal Disease; Negro; plesiomorphy; retrospective study; South Africa; Adult; African Continental Ancestry Group; European Continental Ancestry Group; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; Radiopharmaceuticals; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Retrospective Studies; South Africa; Statistics, Nonparametric; Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745014769	Long-term impacts of goat browsing on bush-clump dynamics in a semi-arid subtropical savanna	Hester A.J., Scogings P.F., Trollope W.S.W.	2006	Plant Ecology	183	2	10.1007/s11258-005-9039-6	Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, United Kingdom; Department of Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa; Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa	Hester, A.J., Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, United Kingdom, Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa; Scogings, P.F., Department of Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa, Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa; Trollope, W.S.W., Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa	The effects of 16 years of continuous browsing by goats in a South African savanna at stocking rates intended for bush control were compared with plots unbrowsed for the same period of time. Differences in bush-clump density, structure and species composition were recorded. Bush-clump density did not differ between browsed and unbrowsed plots. Within individual bush-clumps, browsing was shown to impact more on structure than species composition, with smaller, shorter bush-clumps, containing fewer species but much greater stem-densities. Although species presence/absence was little affected by browsing, many species showed differences in abundance, growth and location within browsed and unbrowsed bush-clumps. Species reduced in abundance in browsed plots included Cussonia spicata, Ehretia rigida, Grewia occidentalis, Jasminum angulare and Senecio linifolius. Several species showed reduced growth in browsed plots, particularly those located at bush-clump edges. The relatively unpreferred Aloe ferox was a notable exception. Although browsing had little effect on the composition of the main clump founding species, emergents or late arrivals, there were twice as many single plants in browsed plots and emergence of several species was restricted to the middle of bush-clumps. Comparison of our findings with aerial photographic evidence and other literature suggest that browsing alone is unlikely to significantly reduce scrub cover, although it can clearly control further expansion. Combinations of fire and browsing, rather than one factor alone, are considered likely to act fastest and most effectively to significantly reduce or remove scrub cover altogether. © Springer 2005.	Acacia karroo; Biological control; Species richness; Succession	aerial photograph; biological control; browsing; feeding behavior; goat; savanna; semiarid region; shrub; species richness; stocking density; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Aloe; Aloe ferox; Capra hircus; Cussonia spicata; Ehretia rigida; Grewia; Grewia occidentalis; Jasminum; Senecio	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876435776	Impact of Prosopis invasion on a keystone tree species in the Kalahari Desert	Schachtschneider K., February E.C.	2013	Plant Ecology	214	4	10.1007/s11258-013-0192-z	Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa; CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, P.O. Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa	Schachtschneider, K., Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa, CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, P.O. Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; February, E.C., Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa	Several Prosopis species were introduced into South Africa in the last century. Since then two species, Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana and Prosopisvelutina have invaded large parts of arid southern Africa. Here, we examine the extent to which increased mortality of Acacia erioloba, a keystone species in the Kalahari Desert, can be attributed to competition for water with Prosopis. We do this for A. erioloba and Prosopis sp. at invaded, as well as cleared sites through a determination of species abundance, canopy vitality, plant water stress and plant water source. Our stable isotope results show that in the riparian zone both A. erioloba and Prosopis are using the same water source. Our results also show that there is a 50 % increase in canopy dieback of A. erioloba in the invaded river plots relative to the cleared river plots. This dieback cannot be related to changes in rainfall and temperature as there were no adverse fluctuations (drought) in the weather in the 10 years preceding our study. We speculate that because A. erioloba is more water stressed in the invaded river plot this increase in mortality and dieback is related to plant moisture stress that is not related to climate but to competition for water with Prosopis. Our study gives strong support for the eradication of Prosopis from rivers in arid parts of Southern Africa. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Acacia erioloba; Alien invasive; Kalahari Desert; Keystone species; Prosopis; Water	abundance; arid region; biological invasion; dicotyledon; dieback; ecological impact; keystone species; mortality; riparian zone; stable isotope; water stress; Kalahari Desert; Acacia; Acacia erioloba; Prosopis; Prosopis glandulosa; Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925537404	Linking functional traits to impacts of invasive plant species: a case study	te Beest M., Esler K.J., Richardson D.M.	2014	Plant Ecology	216	2	10.1007/s11258-014-0437-5	Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa	te Beest, M., Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Esler, K.J., Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Richardson, D.M., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa	Our understanding of the link between plant functional traits and ecological impact of invasive alien plant species is fragmentary and the mechanisms leading to impacts are poorly understood. Moreover, current knowledge is heavily biased to the temperate regions of the world and we know much less about traits and impacts of invaders in tropical and subtropical ecosystems. We studied two leaf traits of the invasive alien shrub Chromolaena odorata and the impacts of its invasion on native vegetation in savannas. We compared specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf area index (LAI) between C. odorata and native species and assessed how C. odorata differentially affects canopy light interception, soil moisture, soil nutrients, and litter accumulation compared to native species. We found that C. odorata has higher SLA and LAI than native species, lower light and moisture levels below its canopy, but higher nutrient levels and a higher litter accumulation rate. Because of its higher SLA, C. odorata grows faster, resulting in more biomass, increased litter accumulation and higher nutrient availability. Due to its high SLA and LAI, C. odorata intercepts more light and reduces available moisture more than do native trees due to higher transpiration rates, reducing the biomass of native understory vegetation. This study provides empirical evidence for strong links between plant functional traits and ecological impact of invasive plant species, highlighting the importance of traits in predicting ecosystem-level impacts of invasive plant species. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Functional traits; LAI; Leaf area; Litter; Plant invasions; Relative growth rate; Savanna; SLA	None	85417, National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947486022	Temporal changes in the impacts on plant communities of an invasive alien tree, Acacia longifolia	Marchante H., Marchante E., Freitas H., Hoffmann J.H.	2015	Plant Ecology	216	11	10.1007/s11258-015-0530-4	Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Escola Superior Agrária de Coimbra, Bencanta, Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	Marchante, H., Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Escola Superior Agrária de Coimbra, Bencanta, Coimbra, Portugal, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra, Portugal; Marchante, E., Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra, Portugal; Freitas, H., Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra, Portugal; Hoffmann, J.H., Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	Studies on the impacts of invasive plants are common but most are short term and fail to consider the temporal context of invasion. The present work investigated particular invasions on two different time scales and asked: (1) Do the impacts of an invasive tree on plant communities change after decades of invasion? (2) Are patterns of impacts dynamic over a period of five years? (3) Can multiple parameters reveal impacts that are unnoticed when single-value parameters are measured alone? Contrasting plant communities (long invaded, recently invaded and non-invaded) of a Portuguese coastal dune were compared during a 5-year period to assess the impacts of the invasive Acacia longifolia. Plant diversity, richness, cover, plant traits, indicator species analysis, similarity between areas and species turnover were analysed to reveal spatial and temporal patterns of change. Native species richness declined in both invaded areas. As invasion time increased, species shared with natural habitats decreased along with native plant cover, diversity and species turnover. Many species typical of dunes were replaced by generalists and exotics species, and richness of species with some level of nitrophily increased, particularly in recently invaded areas. Life form spectrum was radically transformed in invaded areas with several small-sized life forms being replaced by one single microphanerophyte. Germination of A. longifolia was greatest in long invaded areas. Findings show that modification of plant communities intensifies with invasion time and that invasion promotes a diversity of structural and functional changes which are dynamic over a few years (medium-term scale) but which tend to stabilize after several decades (long-term scale). An analysis of parameters in combination revealed changes that were not apparent when the same parameters were considered separately. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Acacia longifolia; Coastal ecosystems; Indicator species analysis; Invasion chronology; Long-term impacts; Medium-term impacts; Plant traits; Species turn over	biological invasion; chronology; coastal zone; community dynamics; ecological impact; invasive species; legume; long-term change; plant community; spatiotemporal analysis; subtropical region; turnover; Portugal; Acacia longifolia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-48349130533	Water resources management strategies for adaptation to climate-induced impacts in South Africa	Mukheibir P.	2008	Water Resources Management	22	9	10.1007/s11269-007-9224-6	Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Mukheibir, P., Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	This paper focuses on the development of a framework for strategy considerations for water resources management in South Africa to meet the development goals in the municipal and agricultural sectors. The north western part of South Africa experiences severe periods of drought and according to the climate change projections, will be most vulnerable to future climate induced water supply stress. A framework for selecting appropriate strategies is presented. A series of potential adaptation strategies most suitable for long term adaptation are discussed. These include both supply and demand side strategies. Barriers and obstacles to implementing these strategies include human and financial resource deficiencies at local municipal and community levels. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007.	Adaptation; Agriculture; Climate change; South Africa; Water resources management	Climate change; Competition; Drought; Information management; Knowledge management; Strategic planning; Water management; Adaptation strategies; Business media; Community levels; Future climate; Long term; Resource deficiencies; South Africa (SA); Supply and demand; Water resources management; Planning; adaptive management; agriculture; climate change; strategic approach; water management; water resource; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-55549100291	Hydrological impacts of flood storage and management on irrigation water abstraction in upper Ewaso Ng'iro River Basin, Kenya	Ngigi S.N., Savenije H.H.G., Gichuki F.N.	2008	Water Resources Management	22	12	10.1007/s11269-008-9257-5	Department of Environmental and Biosystems Engineering, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-0065, Nairobi, Kenya; Millennium Villages Project, Earth Institute at Columbia University c/o MDG Center, P.O. Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Institute for Water Education (UNESCO-IHE), P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, Netherlands; Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands; International Water Management Institute (IWMI), P.O. Box 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka	Ngigi, S.N., Department of Environmental and Biosystems Engineering, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-0065, Nairobi, Kenya, Millennium Villages Project, Earth Institute at Columbia University c/o MDG Center, P.O. Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya, Institute for Water Education (UNESCO-IHE), P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, Netherlands; Savenije, H.H.G., Institute for Water Education (UNESCO-IHE), P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, Netherlands, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands; Gichuki, F.N., Department of Environmental and Biosystems Engineering, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-0065, Nairobi, Kenya, International Water Management Institute (IWMI), P.O. Box 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka	The upper Ewaso Ng'iro basin, which starts from the central highlands of Kenya and stretches northwards transcending different climatic zones, has experienced decreasing river flows for the last two decades. The Naro Moru sub-basin is used to demonstrate the looming water crisis in this water scarce river basin. The objective of the study was to show the extent of dry seasons' irrigation water abstractions on river flows, and to assess the hydrological impact of flood storage on temporal water distribution and irrigation water management. Decreasing river flows are attributed to over-abstraction mainly for irrigating horticultural crops. The number of abstractors has increased four times over a period of 10 years. The amount of water abstracted has also increased by 64% over the last 5 years. Moreover, the proportion of unauthorized abstractions has been increasing over the years, currently at about 80% and 95% during high and low flows respectively. This has resulted in alarming conflicts among various water users. The situation is aggravated by low irrigation efficiency (25-40%) and inadequate flood storage facilities. The paper analyzes over 40 years' observed river flow data and 5-year interval water abstraction monitoring records for 15 years. It assesses whether flood storage and management, can reduce dry seasons' irrigation water abstractions without significantly reducing river flows to affect the sustenance of natural ecosystems downstream. The results demonstrate that flood storage and management can reduce water abstraction and increase river flows during the dry seasons, without significantly reducing high flows to affect the downstream water users. However, socio-economic, hydrological and environmental implications should be considered if a sustainable river basin water resources management strategy is to be developed and implemented. The case study of Naro Moru sub-basin is representative of the situation in the other sub-basins, and hence can be taken as a pilot basin for developing an integrated water resources management strategy that will foster socio-economic development with minimal negative hydrological impacts in the water scarce upper Ewaso Ng'iro river basin. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.	Flood storage; Low river flows; River basin water resources management; River water withdrawals; Water conflicts	Abstracting; Curing; Digital signal processing; Drought; Evaporative cooling systems; Flow of water; Fusion reactions; Information management; Irrigation; Knowledge management; Management; Planning; Rivers; Strategic planning; Water; Water conservation; Water management; Water supply; Watersheds; Abstractors; Case studies; Different climatic zones; Dry seasons; Economic developments; Environmental implications; High flows; Horticultural crops; Hydrological impacts; Integrated water resources managements; Irrigation efficiencies; Irrigation water managements; Irrigation waters; Low flows; Low river flows; Natural ecosystems; Pilot basins; River basin water resources management; River basins; River flows; River water withdrawals; Storage facilities; Water abstractions; Water conflicts; Water crisis; Water distributions; Water resources managements; Water scarce; Water users; Water resources; flooding; horticulture; hydrological response; irrigation; resource scarcity; river flow; sustainability; water availability; water management; water use efficiency; Africa; East Africa; Ewaso Ngiro Basin; Kenya; Rift Valley; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952239651	Evaluation of three numerical weather prediction models for short and medium range agrohydrological applications	Ghile Y.B., Schulze R.E.	2010	Water Resources Management	24	5	10.1007/s11269-009-9483-5	Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, United States; School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Ghile, Y.B., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, United States; Schulze, R.E., School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	The skill and accuracy of the quantitative precipitation forecasts by CCAM, UM and NCEP-MRF models are verified using various statistical scores at the Mgeni catchment in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The CCAM model is capable of identifying a rainfall event, but with a tendency of under-estimating its magnitude. The UM model is capable of distinguishing rainy days from non-rainy days, but with a significant over-estimation of rainfall amount. There is no significant difference between the 1 and 2 day lead time UM forecasts. Statistical comparisons show that there is an acceptable skill in the CCAM forecasts, but the forecast skill of the UM model is low and unreliable. The role of the initial hydrological conditions in affecting the accuracy of CCAM and UM streamflows forecasts was significant. The results show that the under-estimation of the CCAM forecasts was reduced from -44% to -10%, while the over-estimation in the UM forecasts was reduced from 291% to only 59% when the ACRU agrohydrological model was initialised with observed rainfalls up to the previous day at each forecast run within the study period. The combined use of the CCAM and UM models by a "weighted averaging" had little effect in improving the skill as it is overshadowed more by the over-estimation of the UM forecasts than the under-estimation of the CCAM forecasts. Results obtained for a continuous period of 92 days showed that the NCEP-MRF rainfall forecasts were significantly over-predicted. The NCEP-MRF rainfall forecast is found to be totally unskillful, although the skill was seen to slightly increase with decreasing lead time. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	ACRU; NWP models; Streamflow forecasting	Hydrological condition; Leadtime; Medium range; Numerical weather prediction models; NWP model; Over-estimation; Quantitative precipitation forecast; Rainfall event; Rainfall forecasts; Rainy days; South Africa; Statistical comparisons; Streamflow forecasting; Weighted averaging; Catchments; Estimation; Mathematical models; Rain; Stream flow; Structural frames; Weather forecasting; catchment; forecasting method; numerical model; precipitation assessment; statistical analysis; streamflow; KwaZulu-Natal; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873747198	Using Large Climate Ensembles to Plan for the Hydrological Impact of Climate Change in the Freshwater Environment	Fung F., Watts G., Lopez A., Orr H.G., New M., Extence C.	2013	Water Resources Management	27	4	10.1007/s11269-012-0080-7	Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, United Kingdom; Environment Agency of England and Wales, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol, BS1 5AH, United Kingdom; Grantham Research Institute, London School of Economics and Political Sciences, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom; Department of Environmental and Geographic Science, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; African Climate and Development Initiative, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa	Fung, F., Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, United Kingdom; Watts, G., Environment Agency of England and Wales, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol, BS1 5AH, United Kingdom; Lopez, A., Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, United Kingdom, Grantham Research Institute, London School of Economics and Political Sciences, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom; Orr, H.G., Environment Agency of England and Wales, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol, BS1 5AH, United Kingdom; New, M., Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, United Kingdom, Department of Environmental and Geographic Science, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa, African Climate and Development Initiative, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; Extence, C., Environment Agency of England and Wales, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol, BS1 5AH, United Kingdom	We explore the use of large ensembles of climate scenarios to inform climate change adaptation in response to hydrological impacts on the freshwater environment, using a sensitive chalk river in south east England to illustrate the approach. The climateprediction. net experiment provides large ensembles of transient climate series from 1920 to 2080. We use 246 transient climate series in the CATCHMOD rainfall-run-off model to develop large ensembles of plausible river flows for the River Itchen. This transient ensemble allows the exploration of how flows may change through the twenty-first century, and demonstrates the range of possible consequences for freshwater ecosystems, based on invertebrate community impacts. Hydrological modelling of flow sequences including abstraction allows the continued effectiveness of river support from groundwater to be assessed. A new environmental impact matrix considers the response of the freshwater ecosystem in the Itchen, concentrating particularly on macro-invertebrates. Through the century increasing numbers of models fail the flow targets, with a minority of models suggesting flows that would lead to irreversible change to the invertebrate community. The large ensemble provides a richer picture of the range of possible change, allowing managers to explore a range of different responses. The approach used is illustrative, but demonstrates that large ensembles may be of great value in improving the understanding of the possible impact of climate change, provided that they can be communicated effectively to decision-makers. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Climate change; Decision making; Large ensembles; Macro-invertebrate response; Modelling; River ecosystems; Uncertainty; Water resources	Climate change adaptation; Climate scenarios; Decision makers; England; Freshwater ecosystem; Freshwater environments; Hydrological impacts; Hydrological modelling; Invertebrate communities; Irreversible changes; Large ensembles; Macroinvertebrates; River ecosystem; River flow; Uncertainty; Climate change; Decision making; Ecosystems; Environmental impact; Groundwater; Models; Rivers; Uncertainty analysis; Water resources; Climate models; climate change; climate effect; climate prediction; decision making; ensemble forecasting; environmental impact; freshwater environment; hydrological modeling; macroinvertebrate; rainfall-runoff modeling; river flow; river system; uncertainty analysis; England; Hampshire; Itchen River; United Kingdom; Invertebrata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920708383	Multi-Criteria Evaluation of Small-Scale Sprinkler Irrigation Systems Using Grey Relational Analysis	Tu Q., Li H., Wang X., Chen C., Luo Y., Dwomoh F.A.	2014	Water Resources Management	28	13	10.1007/s11269-014-0765-1	Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China; School of Electromechanical Engineering, Changzhou College of Information Technology, Kejiaocheng, Wujin District, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China; School of Engineering, Koforidua Polytechnic, Koforidua, Eastern Region, Ghana	Tu, Q., Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China, School of Electromechanical Engineering, Changzhou College of Information Technology, Kejiaocheng, Wujin District, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China; Li, H., Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China; Wang, X., Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China; Chen, C., Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China; Luo, Y., Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China; Dwomoh, F.A., Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China, School of Engineering, Koforidua Polytechnic, Koforidua, Eastern Region, Ghana	The technical and socioeconomic evaluation of small-scale sprinkler irrigation systems is a multi-criteria problem characterized by complexity and uncertainty. In order to solve that, the application of Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) was presented. An evaluation model with ten sub-criteria under four groups, namely, technical, economic, environmental and social, was established. Among the criteria, calculation method of labor use in the small-scale sprinkler systems was originally addressed, and Life Cycle Cost (LCC) was used as an economic indicator. In the design of GRA, a combination weighting method based on Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and entropy measurement was employed to take into account the experts’ knowledge and the inherent information in the experimental data. Six irrigation systems for three field sizes 0.5 ha, 2 ha and 5 ha respectively were considered to verify the model. The systems were optimized with Genetic Algorithms (GAs) first to figure out the optimal combinations of sprinklers and pipes and further, field tests were performed. The discussions show that: the developed approach has successfully provided the ranking of systems for three field sizes. When different types of sprinklers are used, the criteria including atomize index, application efficiency and specific energy consumption change greatly. And the ownership cost, particularly the energy consumption fee, accounts for the largest part of LCC in most of the systems. In comparison, System 5 and System 1 are generally the best. The evaluation model solved by GRA integrated with GAs is effective and can be extended to the comprehensive evaluation and optimization of other irrigation systems. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Evaluation; Grey relational analysis; Irrigation system; Life cycle cost; Multi-criteria analysis	Cost benefit analysis; Costs; Economics; Energy utilization; Hose; Irrigation; Life cycle; Evaluation; Grey relational analysis; Irrigation systems; Lifecycle costs; Multi Criteria Analysis; Sprinkler systems (irrigation)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78049326022	The impact of irrigated agriculture on water quality of rivers Kongoni and Sirimon, Ewaso Ng'iro North Basin, Kenya	Mutisya D.K., Tole M.	2010	Water, Air, and Soil Pollution	213	04-Jan	10.1007/s11270-010-0373-5	Department of Environmental Sciences, Kenyatta University, P. O. Box 43844, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Pwani University College, P. O. Box 195, 80180 Kilifi, Kenya	Mutisya, D.K., Department of Environmental Sciences, Kenyatta University, P. O. Box 43844, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Tole, M., Department of Environmental Sciences, Kenyatta University, P. O. Box 43844, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya, Pwani University College, P. O. Box 195, 80180 Kilifi, Kenya	This study aimed at determining the water quality of River Sirimon and River Kongoni, Ewaso Ng'iro North Basin, Kenya. Water quality analysis of these two rivers was done for a period of 5 months between November 2005 and February 2006. Portable Palintest equipment was used for the chemical analysis. The study established that there were sulphates concentrations of 22 mgL-1 in the Kongoni River water associated with the use of commercial fertilisers as compared to mean values of 7 mgL-1 along Sirimon River; phosphate concentrations were 1.3 mgL-1 in Kongoni and 0.15 mgL-1 in Sirimon and salinity 3 mgL-1 in Kongoni and 0.47 mgL-1 in Sirimon. On average, mean nitrates concentrations of 1.7 mgL-1 were recorded for Kongoni River, which were higher than those recorded for Sirimon River (0.033 mgL-1). These concentration levels were however within the standard levels set by WHO for example 50 mgL-1 for nitrates (WHO 2008). River Kongoni has two major irrigated horticultural farms across it which were likely polluting the river during the time of this study. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Fertilizer; Irrigation; Kenya; Kongoni and Sirimon rivers; Pollution	Concentration levels; Fertilisers; Irrigated agriculture; Kenya; Kongoni and Sirimon rivers; Mean values; Palintest; Phosphate concentration; River water; Sulphates; Water quality analysis; Chemical equipment; Concentration (process); Fertilizers; Irrigation; Nitrogen compounds; Pollution; Quality control; Rivers; Water quality; River pollution; ammonia; fertilizer; manganese; nitrate; nitrite; river water; sulfate; agriculture; chemical analysis; concentration (composition); fertilizer; horticulture; irrigation; nitrate; phosphate; river water; sulfate; water quality; article; concentration (parameters); controlled study; environmental impact assessment; fertilizer application; irrigation (agriculture); Kenya; river basin; river ecosystem; salinity; trend study; waste disposal; water analysis; water contamination; water pollutant; water quality; water standard; world health organization; Kenya; Ngiro River	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862227285	Performance evaluation of fixed bed of nano calcium oxide synthesized from a gastropod shell (achatina achatina) in hexavalent chromium abstraction from aqua system	Oladoja N.A., Ololade I.A., Olatujoye V.O., Akinnifesi T.A.	2012	Water, Air, and Soil Pollution	223	4	10.1007/s11270-011-0990-7	Department of Chemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria	Oladoja, N.A., Department of Chemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria; Ololade, I.A., Department of Chemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria; Olatujoye, V.O., Department of Chemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria; Akinnifesi, T.A., Department of Chemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria	The shell of a gastropod (Achatina Achatina) was used as a precursor for the synthesis of nano calcium oxide (NC) via the sol-gel technique. The NC was characterized and the performance evaluation in chromium (Cr) (VI) abstraction was assessed in a fixed bed. The operating characteristics of the NC-Cr (VI) system were analysed with the mass transfer model and the mass transfer zone parameters were found to fluctuate with changes in the initial Cr (VI) concentration. The evaluation of the equilibrium data, generated from the fixed bed studies, showed that the sorption of Cr (VI) occurred via monolayer adsorption mechanism, and the monolayer sorption capacity was 833.33 mg/g. Different kinetic models (i.e., Adams-Bohart, Thomas,Wolborska, and Yoon-Nelson models) were applied to experimental data to predict the breakthrough curves and to determine the parameters of the column useful for process design. The kinetic analysis showed that the Yoon and Nelson model had the best fitting of the experimental data. The data obtained for Cr (VI) removal, when the NC bed height was optimized, were well described by bed depth service time model. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011.	BDST model; Chromium (VI); Fixed bed; Gastropod shell; Nano calcium oxide	Bed depth service time model; Bed height; Break through curve; Equilibrium data; Experimental data; Fixed bed; Gastropod shell; Hexavalent chromium; Kinetic analysis; Kinetic models; Mass transfer models; Monolayer adsorption mechanism; Operating characteristics; Performance evaluation; Sol-gel technique; Sorption capacities; Transfer zones; Abstracting; Chromium; Lime; Mass transfer; Sol-gels; Sorption; Chromium compounds; calcium oxide; chromium; metal nanoparticle; adsorption; bioreactor; breakthrough curve; chromium; gastropod; mass transfer; nanotechnology; performance assessment; reaction kinetics; shell; adsorption kinetics; animal shell; article; bed depth; bed height; chemical analysis; controlled study; environmental parameters; evaluation; fixed bed reactor; gastropod; heavy metal removal; mass transfer; mass transfer zone; monolayer culture; nonhuman; process design; process model; process optimization; receiver operating characteristic; water supply; Achatina achatina; Gastropoda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84923658847	Biomonitoring and evaluation of metal concentrations in sediment and crab samples from the North-West Province of South Africa	Somerset V., Van Der Horst C., Silwana B., Walters C., Iwuoha E.	2015	Water, Air, and Soil Pollution	226	3	10.1007/s11270-015-2329-2	Natural Resources and the Environment (NRE), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Stellenbosch, South Africa; SensorLab, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa	Somerset, V., Natural Resources and the Environment (NRE), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Stellenbosch, South Africa; Van Der Horst, C., Natural Resources and the Environment (NRE), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Stellenbosch, South Africa, SensorLab, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa; Silwana, B., Natural Resources and the Environment (NRE), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Stellenbosch, South Africa, SensorLab, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa; Walters, C., Natural Resources and the Environment (NRE), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Stellenbosch, South Africa; Iwuoha, E., SensorLab, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa	In this study, various metal concentrations were determined in environmental samples from rivers in the vicinity of mining areas of the Northwest Province, South Africa. These metal concentrations were also determined in various crustacean organs viz., hepatopancreas, flesh and muscle of the freshwater crab, Potamonautes warreni. The highest metal concentrations obtained in the freshwater samples were Ni (0.022 mg/l), Pb (0.02 mg/l), Cu (0.011 mg/l), Cd (0.009 mg/l), Pt (0.017 μg/l), Pd (0.011 μg/l) and Rh (0.008 μg/l). The highest metal concentrations obtained in the sediment samples were Ni (85.1 mg/kg dry weight (d.wt)), Pb (25.4 mg/kg d.wt), Cu (75.5 mg/kg d.wt), Cd (64.9 mg/kg d.wt), Pt (0.38 ng/g d.wt), Pd (0.74 ng/g d.wt) and Rh (0.23 ng/g d.wt). The results obtained for the bioavailability studies of all the metals investigated in the sediment have revealed no definite patterns for the fractionation results of the metal concentrations. In the case of the crab samples collected in the Elands River, the Pb, Cd, Pt, Pd and Rh concentrations indicate that the mining activities may have had an influence in the uptake of these metals in the crab samples analysed. In the case of the Hex River, the Ni, Cu, Pb, Cd, Pd and Rh concentrations in the crab samples may be attributed to mining activities. The bioaccumulation results indicated that the Ni and Cu concentrations show partly bioaccumulation in the tissues of the crab samples evaluated. For the Pd, Cd, Pt, Pd and Rh concentrations evaluated, definite signs of bioaccumulation were found. © 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland.	Bioaccumulation; Bioavailability; Freshwater crab; Heavy metals; Potamonautes warreni; Precious metals	Bioaccumulation; Biochemistry; Cadmium; Heavy metals; Lead; Metals; Nickel; Palladium; Platinum; Precious metals; Rhodium; Rivers; Sediments; Shellfish; Water; Bioavailability; Bioavailability study; Cu concentrations; Environmental sample; Freshwater crab; Metal concentrations; Northwest Province , South Africa; Potamonautes warreni; Pollution; cadmium; copper; fresh water; lead; metal; nickel; palladium; platinum; rhodium; bioaccumulation; bioavailability; biomonitoring; crab; fluvial deposit; heavy metal; mining; precious metal; animal tissue; Article; bioaccumulation; bioavailability; biological monitoring; concentration (parameters); controlled study; crab; mining; nonhuman; physical chemistry; sediment; South Africa; tissue level; water quality; water sampling; Elands River; Mpumalanga; North West Province; South Africa; Crustacea; Decapoda (Crustacea); Potamonautes warreni; Tragelaphus oryx	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33746454751	Impact of land use on vegetation composition, diversity, and selected soil properties of wetlands in the southern Drakensberg mountains, South Africa	Walters D.J.J., Kotze D.C., O'Connor T.G.	2006	Wetlands Ecology and Management	14	4	10.1007/s11273-005-4990-5	Mondi Wetlands Project, Wildlife and Environment Society of South Africa, WWF-South Africa, P.O. Box 493, Merrivale 3291, South Africa; Centre for Environment, Agriculture and Development, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa; Centre for African Ecology, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, P.O. Wits, 2050, South Africa	Walters, D.J.J., Mondi Wetlands Project, Wildlife and Environment Society of South Africa, WWF-South Africa, P.O. Box 493, Merrivale 3291, South Africa; Kotze, D.C., Centre for Environment, Agriculture and Development, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa; O'Connor, T.G., Centre for African Ecology, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, P.O. Wits, 2050, South Africa	Wetlands provide the ecosystem services of enhancing water quality, attenuating floods, sequestrating carbon and supporting biodiversity. In southern Africa, the pattern and intensity of land use is influenced by whether land tenure is public (state), private (individual ownership), or communal (shared agricultural and grazing resources). The influence of land tenure and its associated use on service provision was compared for communal tenure (grazing, maize production), wildlife conservation, and commercial agriculture (grazing, planted pastures) in the southern Drakensberg. Ordination analyses revealed that oxbow marshes, hill slope seepages and hygrophilous grasslands, the main hydro-geomorphic units, supported distinct plant communities that differed in their response to land use because of wetness or slope. Oxbows, uncultivated because of wetness, were inherently species poor with few exotics. Composition of hill slope seepages, uncultivated because of saturated slopes, varied among tenure types most likely in relation to grazing pressure. Seepages were threatened by the exotic invasive Rubus cuneifolius. Eighty-five percent of hygrophilous grassland had been cultivated by 1953, most of which was subsequently abandoned to secondary grassland. Primary hygrophilous grassland and hill slope seepages were the main repository for indigenous plant diversity, while communal maize fields supported a diverse mixture of mainly exotic species. Soil carbon concentrations decreased from oxbows to pastures, seepages, primary hygrophilous grassland, secondary grassland, and maize on former grassland (7.0, 4.1, 4.0, 3.5, 2.4, and 1.7%, respectively). The pattern for total soil nitrogen and sulphur were the same. Cultivation of hygrophilous grassland was estimated to have reduced soil carbon stocks to 69% of pre-settlement levels by 1953 (∼150 years BP). Stocks then increased by 8% to 2001 following crop abandonment. Cultivation has impaired water quality enhancement and flood attenuation because of greater amounts of bare ground and shorter vegetation. Further improvement of ecosystem services will depend on the influence of socio-economic factors on communal cropping. © Springer 2006.	Carbon; Communal; Cultivation; DCA; Invasives; Oxbows; Plant diversity; South Africa	community composition; grazing pressure; land use; ordination; plant community; soil carbon; soil nitrogen; soil property; vegetation; wetland; Africa; Drakensberg; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Rubus cuneifolius; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749513576	PCR-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoretic evaluation of changes in the non-methanogenic population of stressed upflow anaerobic sludge blanket granules	Keyser M., Witthuhn R.C., Britz T.J.	2006	World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology	22	10	10.1007/s11274-005-3575-z	Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, 7602, Matieland, South Africa	Keyser, M., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, 7602, Matieland, South Africa; Witthuhn, R.C., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, 7602, Matieland, South Africa; Britz, T.J., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, 7602, Matieland, South Africa	The performance of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) bioreactors is influenced by the composition of the substrate and the microbial species present in the granules. The aim of this study was to determine if a change in the structure of the non-methanogenic microbial community takes place when UASB brewery granules are subjected to the sudden addition of different carbon sources at different concentrations. A shift in the microbial community did occur when the granules were subjected to lactate medium. The granules that were stressed with glucose medium did not show changes in the microbial consortium regardless of the increase in the glucose concentrations. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) method was successfully applied to show changes in the structure of the microbes present in UASB granules that were cultivated under different environmental conditions. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Bacteria; Microbial consortium; PCR-based DGGE; UASB granules	Microbial consortium; PCR-based DGGE; Polymerase chain reaction; UASB granules; Biodiversity; Concentration (process); Electrophoresis; Microorganisms; Molecular structure; Sewage sludge; Bioreactors; Bacteria (microorganisms)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856638788	Impact of different malolactic fermentation inoculation scenarios on Riesling wine aroma	Knoll C., Fritsch S., Schnell S., Grossmann M., Krieger-Weber S., du Toit M., Rauhut D.	2012	World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology	28	3	10.1007/s11274-011-0917-x	Department Geisenheim, Hochschule RheinMain, University of Applied Sciences Wiesbaden Rüsselsheim Geisenheim, Von-Lade-Str. 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany; Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Geisenheim Research Center, Von-Lade-Str.1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany; Institute for Applied Microbiology Research Center for BioSystems, Land Use, and Nutrition (IFZ), Justus-Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Gießen, Germany; Lallemand, In der Seite 53, 70825 Korntal-Münchingen, Germany; Institute for Wine Biotechnology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	Knoll, C., Department Geisenheim, Hochschule RheinMain, University of Applied Sciences Wiesbaden Rüsselsheim Geisenheim, Von-Lade-Str. 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Geisenheim Research Center, Von-Lade-Str.1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany; Fritsch, S., Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Geisenheim Research Center, Von-Lade-Str.1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany; Schnell, S., Institute for Applied Microbiology Research Center for BioSystems, Land Use, and Nutrition (IFZ), Justus-Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Gießen, Germany; Grossmann, M., Department Geisenheim, Hochschule RheinMain, University of Applied Sciences Wiesbaden Rüsselsheim Geisenheim, Von-Lade-Str. 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Geisenheim Research Center, Von-Lade-Str.1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany; Krieger-Weber, S., Lallemand, In der Seite 53, 70825 Korntal-Münchingen, Germany; du Toit, M., Institute for Wine Biotechnology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Rauhut, D., Department Geisenheim, Hochschule RheinMain, University of Applied Sciences Wiesbaden Rüsselsheim Geisenheim, Von-Lade-Str. 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Geisenheim Research Center, Von-Lade-Str.1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany	During malolactic fermentation (MLF), lactic acid bacteria influence wine aroma and flavour by the production of volatile metabolites and the modification of aroma compounds derived from grapes and yeasts. The present study investigated the impact of different MLF inoculation strategies with two different Oenococcus oeni strains on cool climate Riesling wines and the volatile wine aroma profile. Four different timings were chosen for inoculation with bacteria to conduct MLF in a Riesling must/wine with a high acidity (pH 2. 9-3. 1). Treatments with simultaneous inoculation showed a reduced total fermentation time (alcoholic and malolactic) compared to the sequential inoculations. No negative impact of simultaneous alcoholic and malolactic fermentation on fermentation success and on the final wine volatile aroma composition was observed. Compared to sequential inoculation, wines with co-inoculation tended to have higher concentrations of ethyl and acetate esters, including acetic acid phenylethylester, acetic acid 3-methylbutylester, butyric acid ethylester, lactic acid ethylester and succinic acid diethylester. Results of this study provide some alternatives to diversify the number of wine styles by safely conducting MLF in low-pH, cool-climate white musts with potential high alcohol content. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Co-inoculation; Low pH wine; Malolactic fermentation; Oenococcus oeni; Volatile aroma	Alcohol contents; Aroma compounds; Co-inoculation; Cool climates; Ethyl esters; Lactic acid bacteria; Malolactic fermentation; Negative impacts; Oenococcus oeni; Succinic acids; Volatile aroma; Wine aromas; Acetic acid; Bacilli; Cobalt compounds; Lactic acid; Magnetic leakage; pH; Wine; Fermentation; malate dehydrogenase; malolactic enzyme; volatile organic compound; article; enzymology; fermentation; growth, development and aging; metabolism; microbiology; Oenococcus; wine; Fermentation; Industrial Microbiology; Malate Dehydrogenase; Oenococcus; Volatile Organic Compounds; Wine; Bacteria (microorganisms); Oenococcus oeni; Vitaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878114883	Improving yield performance of Pleurotus pulmonarius through hyphal anastomosis fusion of dikaryons	Adebayo E.A., Oloke J.K., Yadav A., Barooah M., Bora T.C.	2013	World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology	29	6	10.1007/s11274-013-1266-8	Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Biotechnology Division, North East Institute of Science and Technology, CSIR, Jorhat, 785006 Assam, India; Department of Agricultural Biotech	Adebayo, E.A., Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Oloke, J.K., Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Yadav, A., Biotechnology Division, North East Institute of Science and Technology, CSIR, Jorhat, 785006 Assam, India; Barooah, M., Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, 13, India; Bora, T.C., Biotechnology Division, North East Institute of Science and Technology, CSIR, Jorhat, 785006 Assam, India	High production and good quality are always the principal goals for agriculturally important crops, without the exception of mushrooms. P. pulmonarius is one of the commercially important edible mushrooms throughout the world. The yield performance improvement was carried out by cross bred P. pulmonarius with P. sapidus and P. ostreatus. The highest rate of 0.587 mm/days for spawn ramification and 53.33 % for percentage spawn productivity were obtained in hybrids LN LL910. The least day (11 and 12th) of the primodia mushroom sporophore were recorded in LL910 and LN 97 respectively, while longest day of 19th was recorded in wild type (NE 07). The highest biological efficiency (109.30 %) and production rate (3.77 %) obtained by LL910, while the least of 33.0 and 0.79 % were obtained by NE 07 for biological efficiency and production rate respectively. The morphological and molecular characterization of the hybrid strains established their true variation from their wild type. LL 910 (JF68088) is located at seventh subclusters from the root with boostrap value of 32 %, while only one parent (LAU 09: JF736658) out of the two has the close boostrap value of 43 % at the first subcluster to the root, with the other parent LAU 10 (JF736659) shows distance relationship after Blast. LN 97 (JF680992) is located at outgroup, while the parent strains NE 07 (boostrap value: 11 %) and LAU 09 (boostrap value: 44 %) located at tenth and second subclusters respectively. The results obtained from this study have shown the improved performance of the hybrids strain over wild type strains. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Hybridization; Mushroom; Performance; Pleurotus; Yield	Hybridization; Mushroom; Performance; Pleurotus; Yield; Biology; Chemistry; Fungi; fungal DNA; article; biomass; chemistry; chimera; cross breeding; DNA sequence; genetic variability; genetics; growth, development and aging; molecular genetics; nucleotide sequence; Pleurotus; Biomass; Chimera; Crosses, Genetic; DNA, Fungal; Genetic Variation; Molecular Sequence Data; Pleurotus; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Basidiomycota; Pleurotus; Pleurotus ostreatus; Pleurotus pulmonarius; Pleurotus sapidus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939898267	Performance Analysis of Microwave Radio Refractivity on Radio Field Strength and Radio Horizon Distance Over Akure, Nigeria	Adediji A.T., Ismail M., Mandeep J.S.	2014	Wireless Personal Communications	79	3	10.1007/s11277-014-1963-0	Department of Physics, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia	Adediji, A.T., Department of Physics, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia; Ismail, M., Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia; Mandeep, J.S., Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia	Surface radio refractivity studies are being carried out in Akure, (formula presented) South-Western Nigeria, by in-situ measurement of atmospheric pressure, temperature, and relative humidity using Wireless Weather Station (Integrated Sensor Suit, ISS). Five years of measurement (January, 2007–December, 2011) were used to compute the surface radio refractivity and its diurnal, daily, seasonal and yearly variations are analyzed. The results were then used to compute radio horizon distance (formula presented) and examine the field strength (FSV) variability. Results obtained show that the surface radio refractivity, (formula presented), varies with the time of the day as well as the seasons of the year. High values of (formula presented) were recorded in the morning and evening hours while the values were minima around 1,500 h local time. An average value of surface radio refractivity of 364.74 N-units was obtained for this location. The annual maximum mean of FSV is 15.24 dB and the minimum is 2.20 dB. This implies that the output of a receiving antenna in Akure may generally be subject to variations not less than 2 dB in a year, but can be as high as 15 dB. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Field strength; Humidity; Pressure; Radio horizon; Refractivity; Temperature	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84942817362	Performance Analysis of Cross QAM with MRC Over Dual Correlated Nakagami-m, -n, and -q Channels	Kamdar M.W., Xu H.	2015	Wireless Personal Communications	84	4	10.1007/s11277-015-2780-9	School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Kamdar, M.W., School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Xu, H., School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	An approximation of the symbol error probability (SEP) of the cross QAM (XQAM) signal in a single-input multiple-output system over dual correlated Rayleigh, Nakagami-m, Nakagami-n (Rice) and Nakagami-q (Hoyt) fading channels is derived. The maximal-ratio combining is considered as the diversity technique, and the average SEP is obtained by using the moment generating function (MGF). Arbitrarily tight approximations for the Gaussian Q-function and the generalized Gaussian Q-function are obtained from the numerical analysis technique; the trapezoidal rule. The resulting expressions consist of a finite sum of MGF’s which are easily evaluated and accurate enough. In addition, a transformation technique is used to derive independent channels from the correlated channels which are then used in the analysis. The simulation results show excellent agreement with the derived approximation expressions. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Correlated; Cross QAM; Nakagami; Performance analysis	Blind equalization; Fading channels; Probability; Correlated; Maximal ratio combining (MRC); Moment generating function; Nakagami; Performance analysis; Single input multiple output systems; Symbol error probabilities (SEP); Transformation techniques; Channel capacity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928806204	The impact of SNP fingerprinting and parentage analysis on the effectiveness of variety recommendations in cacao	Padi F.K., Ofori A., Takrama J., Djan E., Opoku S.Y., Dadzie A.M., Bhattacharjee R., Motamayor J.C., Zhang D.	2015	Tree Genetics and Genomes	11	3	10.1007/s11295-015-0875-9	Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, Box 8, New-Tafo Akim, Ghana; Central Biotechnology Laboratory, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Mars Inc., Hackettstown, NJ, United States; USDA ARS PSI SPCL, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Bldg 050, Rm 100, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD, United States	Padi, F.K., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, Box 8, New-Tafo Akim, Ghana; Ofori, A., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, Box 8, New-Tafo Akim, Ghana; Takrama, J., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, Box 8, New-Tafo Akim, Ghana; Djan, E., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, Box 8, New-Tafo Akim, Ghana; Opoku, S.Y., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, Box 8, New-Tafo Akim, Ghana; Dadzie, A.M., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, Box 8, New-Tafo Akim, Ghana; Bhattacharjee, R., Central Biotechnology Laboratory, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Motamayor, J.C., Mars Inc., Hackettstown, NJ, United States; Zhang, D., USDA ARS PSI SPCL, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Bldg 050, Rm 100, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD, United States	Evidence for the impact of mislabeling and/or pollen contamination on consistency of field performance has been lacking to reinforce the need for strict adherence to quality control protocols in cacao seed garden and germplasm plot management. The present study used SNP fingerprinting at 64 loci to examine the diversity, labeling errors and parentage in 2551 trees obtained from six seed gardens, breeders clone collection and single-cross progenies and a sample of farmers’ trees in Ghana. Clone mislabeling was pervasive, both within the seed garden clones and among clones of the breeders’ active collection. Among the seed garden clones, mislabeled trees were assigned to other parental clones used in the seed garden, pointing to labeling errors prior to planting as the principal cause of mislabeling. Among the breeders’ clone collection, both homonymous and synonymous mislabeling were identified in addition to trees with unique genotypes. This implicates pre-planting labeling errors and rootstocks overtaking budded scions. Parentage analysis supported the Amelonado ancestry of farmers’ varieties but with significant contribution of Upper Amazon introductions. Parentage of recently developed clones and of progenies of controlled crosses showed evidence of both pollen contamination and effects of mislabeled parents. The observed patterns of unexpected parentage had direct effects on the consistency of the variety performance between trials and increased within-plot variability for families with mixed ancestry. The results provide a strong basis for mainstreaming SNP fingerprinting in cacao breeding programs to improve the efficiency of the variety development process. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Diversity; Fingerprinting; Genetic structure; Mislabelling; Theobroma	Theobroma; Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900845582	Good quality sleep is associated with better academic performance among university students in Ethiopia	Lemma S., Berhane Y., Worku A., Gelaye B., Williams M.A.	2014	Sleep and Breathing	18	2	10.1007/s11325-013-0874-8	Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States	Lemma, S., Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Berhane, Y., Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Worku, A., School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Gelaye, B., Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Williams, M.A., Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States	Purpose: This study assessed the association of sleep quality with academic performance among university students in Ethiopia. Methods: This cross-sectional study of 2,173 college students (471 female and 1,672 male) was conducted in two universities in Ethiopia. Students were selected into the study using a multistage sampling procedure, and data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Sleep quality was assessed using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and academic performance was based on self-reported cumulative grade point average. The Student's "t" test, analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression were used to evaluate associations. Results: We found that students with better sleep quality score achieved better on their academic performance (P value=0.001), while sleep duration was not associated with academic performance in the final model. Conclusion: Our study underscores the importance of sleep quality on better academic performance. Future studies need to identify the possible factors which influence sleep quality other than the academic environment repeatedly reported by other literature. It is imperative to design and implement appropriate interventions to improve sleep quality in light of the current body of evidence to enhance academic success in the study setting. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.	Academic performance; Khat and students; Sleep quality	academic achievement; adult; analysis of variance; article; college student; cross-sectional study; Ethiopia; female; human; major clinical study; male; multiple linear regression analysis; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; priority journal; self concept; sleep quality; sleep time; Student t test; university student; achievement; Catha; cultural factor; psychology; questionnaire; risk factor; sleep; statistics and numerical data; student; Substance-Related Disorders; young adult; Achievement; Catha; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Questionnaires; Risk Factors; Sleep; Students; Substance-Related Disorders; Young Adult	T37-MD001449, NIH, National Institutes of Health
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939872175	Impact of gold mining associated with mercury contamination in soil, biota sediments and tailings in Kenya	Odumo B.O., Carbonell G., Angeyo H.K., Patel J.P., Torrijos M., Rodríguez Martín J.A.	2014	Environmental Science and Pollution Research	21	21	10.1007/s11356-014-3190-3	Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of the Environment, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (I.N.I.A.), Carretera de A Coruña 7.5 km, Madrid, Spain	Odumo, B.O., Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Carbonell, G., Department of the Environment, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (I.N.I.A.), Carretera de A Coruña 7.5 km, Madrid, Spain; Angeyo, H.K., Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Patel, J.P., Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Torrijos, M., Department of the Environment, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (I.N.I.A.), Carretera de A Coruña 7.5 km, Madrid, Spain; Rodríguez Martín, J.A., Department of the Environment, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (I.N.I.A.), Carretera de A Coruña 7.5 km, Madrid, Spain	This work considered the environmental impact of artisanal mining gold activity in the Migori–Transmara area (Kenya). From artisanal gold mining, mercury is released to the environment, thus contributing to degradation of soil and water bodies. High mercury contents have been quantified in soil (140 μg kg−1), sediment (430 μg kg−1) and tailings (8,900 μg kg−1), as expected. The results reveal that the mechanism for transporting mercury to the terrestrial ecosystem is associated with wet and dry depositions. Lichens and mosses, used as bioindicators of pollution, are related to the proximity to mining areas. The further the distance from mining areas, the lower the mercury levels. This study also provides risk maps to evaluate potential negative repercussions. We conclude that the Migori–Transmara region can be considered a strongly polluted area with high mercury contents. The technology used to extract gold throughout amalgamation processes causes a high degree of mercury pollution around this gold mining area. Thus, alternative gold extraction methods should be considered to reduce mercury levels that can be released to the environment. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Bioindicators; Kenya gold mining; Mercury pollution; Multivariate geostatistics; Spatial variation; Topsoils	biological marker; gold; mercury; soil; soil pollutant; waste; analysis; chemistry; environment; environmental monitoring; Kenya; lichen (organism); mining; moss; procedures; sediment; soil; soil pollutant; statistics and numerical data; waste; Biological Markers; Bryophyta; Environment; Environmental Monitoring; Geologic Sediments; Gold; Kenya; Lichens; Mercury; Mining; Soil; Soil Pollutants; Waste Products	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922418256	Comparative study on the impact of copper sulphate and copper nitrate on the detoxification mechanisms in typha latifolia	Lyubenova L., Bipuah H., Belford E., Michalke B., Winkler B., Schröder P.	2015	Environmental Science and Pollution Research	22	1	10.1007/s11356-014-3402-x	Department of Environmental Seienees, Researeh Unit Mierobe-Plant Interaetions, German Researeh Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum Münehen, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Theoretieal and Applied Biology, College of Seienee, Kwame Nkrumah University of Seienee and Teehnology, Kumasi, Ghana; German Researeh Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Eeologieal Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum Münehen, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Environmental Seienees, Researeh Unit Environmental Simulation, German Researeh Center for Environmental Health,Helmholtz Zentrum Münehen, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, Germany	Lyubenova, L., Department of Environmental Seienees, Researeh Unit Mierobe-Plant Interaetions, German Researeh Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum Münehen, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, Germany; Bipuah, H., Department of Theoretieal and Applied Biology, College of Seienee, Kwame Nkrumah University of Seienee and Teehnology, Kumasi, Ghana; Belford, E., Department of Theoretieal and Applied Biology, College of Seienee, Kwame Nkrumah University of Seienee and Teehnology, Kumasi, Ghana; Michalke, B., German Researeh Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Eeologieal Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum Münehen, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, Germany; Winkler, B., Department of Environmental Seienees, Researeh Unit Environmental Simulation, German Researeh Center for Environmental Health,Helmholtz Zentrum Münehen, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, Germany; Schröder, P., Department of Environmental Seienees, Researeh Unit Mierobe-Plant Interaetions, German Researeh Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum Münehen, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, Germany	The present study focused on cupric sulphate and cupric nitrate uptake in Typha latifolia and the impact of these copper species on the plant's detoxification capacity. When the plants were exposed to 10, 50 and 100 (oMcupric sulphate or cupric nitrate, copper accumulation in T. latifolia roots and shoots increased with rising concentration of the salts. Shoot to root ratios differed significantly depending on the form of copper supplementation, e.g. if it was added as cupric (II) sulphate or cupric (II) nitrate. After incubation with 100 \iM of cupric sulphate, up to 450 mg Cu/kg fresh weight (FW) was accumulated, whereas the same concentration of cupric nitrate resulted in accumulation of 580 mg/kg FW. Furthermore, significant differences in the activity of some antioxidative enzymes in Typha roots compared to the shoots, which are essential in the plant's reaction to cope with metal stress, were observed. The activity of peroxidase (POX) in roots was increased at intermediate concentrations (10 and 50 |oM) of CuSO<inf>4</inf>, whereas it was inhibited at the same Cu(NO<inf>3</inf>)<inf>2</inf> concentrations. Ascorbate peroxidase (APOX) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) increased their enzyme activity intensely, which may be an indication for copper toxicity in T latifolia plants. Besides, fluorodifen conjugation by glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) was increased up to. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014.	Antioxidative enzymes; Cupric nitrate; Cupric sulphate; Typha latifolia	concentration (composition); copper compound; detoxification; enzyme activity; monocotyledon; nitrate; reaction kinetics; sulfate; toxicity; Typha; Typha latifolia	FA0995, DAAD, German Academic Exchange Service
None	None	The Glasgow consensus on the delineation between pesticide emission inventory and impact assessment for LCA	Rosenbaum R.K., Anton A., Bengoa X., Bjørn A., Brain R., Bulle C., Cosme N., Dijkman T.J., Fantke P., Felix M., Geoghegan T.S., Gottesbüren B., Hammer C., Humbert S., Jolliet O., Juraske R., Lewis F., Maxime D., Nemecek T., Payet J., Räsänen K., Roux P.,	2015	International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment	20	6	10.1007/s11367-015-0871-1	IRSTEA, UMR ITAP, ELSA LCA research group and ELSA-PACT Industrial Chair for Environmental and Social Sustainability Assessment, 361 rue Jean-François Breton, BP 5095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Technical University of Denmark, Department of Management Engineering, Produktionstorvet 424, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; IRTA, Ctra Cabrils km 2, Cabrils, Barcelona, Spain; Quantis, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland; Syngenta Crop Protection LLC, 410 Swing Rd., Greensboro, NC, United States; CIRAIG, Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal (Qc), P.O. Box 6079, Montréal, Canada; Pesticides and Environment Management Centre, Tropical Pesticides Research Institute, P. O. Box 3024, Arusha, Tanzania; University of Otago, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand; BASF SE, Agricultural Products Center, Limburgerhof, Germany; Environmental Resources Management Ltd, Eaton House Wallbrook Court North Hinksey Lane, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Group for Ecological Systems Design, Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Dr. Knoell Consult GmbH, Mannheim, Germany; Syngenta, Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, United Kingdom; Agroscope, Institute for Sustainability Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland; Cycleco, 1011 Avenue Léon Blum, Ambérieu-en-Bugey, France; MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Jokioinen, Finland; European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Ispra, Italy; Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation, Centre de Recherche-Maisons-Laffitte, Chemin de la Digue, B.P. 76, Maisons-Laffitte Cedex, France; Radboud University Nijmegen, Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Bayer Technology Services GmbH, BTS-TD-TI-Sustainability Consulting, Leverkusen, Germany; SIK—Swedish Institute for Food and Biotechnology, Box 5401, Göteborg, Sweden	Rosenbaum, R.K., IRSTEA, UMR ITAP, ELSA LCA research group and ELSA-PACT Industrial Chair for Environmental and Social Sustainability Assessment, 361 rue Jean-François Breton, BP 5095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France, Technical University of Denmark, Department of Management Engineering, Produktionstorvet 424, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Anton, A., IRTA, Ctra Cabrils km 2, Cabrils, Barcelona, Spain; Bengoa, X., Quantis, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland; Bjørn, A., Technical University of Denmark, Department of Management Engineering, Produktionstorvet 424, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Brain, R., Syngenta Crop Protection LLC, 410 Swing Rd., Greensboro, NC, United States; Bulle, C., CIRAIG, Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal (Qc), P.O. Box 6079, Montréal, Canada; Cosme, N., Technical University of Denmark, Department of Management Engineering, Produktionstorvet 424, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Dijkman, T.J., Technical University of Denmark, Department of Management Engineering, Produktionstorvet 424, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Fantke, P., Technical University of Denmark, Department of Management Engineering, Produktionstorvet 424, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Felix, M., Pesticides and Environment Management Centre, Tropical Pesticides Research Institute, P. O. Box 3024, Arusha, Tanzania; Geoghegan, T.S., University of Otago, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand; Gottesbüren, B., BASF SE, Agricultural Products Center, Limburgerhof, Germany; Hammer, C., Environmental Resources Management Ltd, Eaton House Wallbrook Court North Hinksey Lane, Oxford, United Kingdom; Humbert, S., Quantis, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland; Jolliet, O., University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Juraske, R., Group for Ecological Systems Design, Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, Dr. Knoell Consult GmbH, Mannheim, Germany; Lewis, F., Syngenta, Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, United Kingdom; Maxime, D., CIRAIG, Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal (Qc), P.O. Box 6079, Montréal, Canada; Nemecek, T., Agroscope, Institute for Sustainability Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland; Payet, J., Cycleco, 1011 Avenue Léon Blum, Ambérieu-en-Bugey, France; Räsänen, K., MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Jokioinen, Finland; Roux, P., IRSTEA, UMR ITAP, ELSA LCA research group and ELSA-PACT Industrial Chair for Environmental and Social Sustainability Assessment, 361 rue Jean-François Breton, BP 5095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Schau, E.M., European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Ispra, Italy; Sourisseau, S., Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation, Centre de Recherche-Maisons-Laffitte, Chemin de la Digue, B.P. 76, Maisons-Laffitte Cedex, France; van Zelm, R., Radboud University Nijmegen, Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Nijmegen, Netherlands; von Streit, B., Bayer Technology Services GmbH, BTS-TD-TI-Sustainability Consulting, Leverkusen, Germany; Wallman, M., SIK—Swedish Institute for Food and Biotechnology, Box 5401, Göteborg, Sweden	Purpose: Pesticides are applied to agricultural fields to optimise crop yield and their global use is substantial. Their consideration in life cycle assessment (LCA) is affected by important inconsistencies between the emission inventory and impact assessment phases of LCA. A clear definition of the delineation between the product system model (life cycle inventory—LCI, technosphere) and the natural environment (life cycle impact assessment—LCIA, ecosphere) is missing and could be established via consensus building. Methods: A workshop held in 2013 in Glasgow, UK, had the goal of establishing consensus and creating clear guidelines in the following topics: (1) boundary between emission inventory and impact characterisation model, (2) spatial dimensions and the time periods assumed for the application of substances to open agricultural fields or in greenhouses and (3) emissions to the natural environment and their potential impacts. More than 30 specialists in agrifood LCI, LCIA, risk assessment and ecotoxicology, representing industry, government and academia from 15 countries and four continents, met to discuss and reach consensus. The resulting guidelines target LCA practitioners, data (base) and characterisation method developers, and decision makers. Results and discussion: The focus was on defining a clear interface between LCI and LCIA, capable of supporting any goal and scope requirements while avoiding double counting or exclusion of important emission flows/impacts. Consensus was reached accordingly on distinct sets of recommendations for LCI and LCIA, respectively, recommending, for example, that buffer zones should be considered as part of the crop production system and the change in yield be considered. While the spatial dimensions of the field were not fixed, the temporal boundary between dynamic LCI fate modelling and steady-state LCIA fate modelling needs to be defined. Conclusions and recommendations: For pesticide application, the inventory should report pesticide identification, crop, mass applied per active ingredient, application method or formulation type, presence of buffer zones, location/country, application time before harvest and crop growth stage during application, adherence with Good Agricultural Practice, and whether the field is considered part of the technosphere or the ecosphere. Additionally, emission fractions to environmental media on-field and off-field should be reported. For LCIA, the directly concerned impact categories and a list of relevant fate and exposure processes were identified. Next steps were identified: (1) establishing default emission fractions to environmental media for integration into LCI databases and (2) interaction among impact model developers to extend current methods with new elements/processes mentioned in the recommendations. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Consensus; Ecosphere; Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA); Life cycle inventory (LCI); Pesticides; Spatial boundary; Technosphere; Temporal boundary	pesticide; agricultural pest; air pollution; Article; consensus; controlled study; data base; ecosphere; ecosystem; environmental impact assessment; environmental parameters; greenhouse; health practitioner; human; life cycle assessment; life cycle impact assessment; practice guideline; priority journal; risk assessment; technosphere; United Kingdom	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884419325	Impact of Al and Fe on the development of phenanthrene catabolism in soil	Obuekwe I.S., Semple K.T.	2013	Journal of Soils and Sediments	13	9	10.1007/s11368-013-0759-2	Department of Microbiology, University of Benin, Benin, Nigeria; Lancaster Environmental Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom	Obuekwe, I.S., Department of Microbiology, University of Benin, Benin, Nigeria; Semple, K.T., Lancaster Environmental Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom	Purpose: Heavy metals often occur as co-contaminants with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and reportedly have adverse effects on biodegradation. In this study, the development of 14C-phenanthrene mineralisation in soil co-contaminated with aged or freshly added Al or Fe amendment was assessed. Materials and methods: 14C-phenanthrene mineralisation was assessed using respirometry; respirometers incorporated a Teflon-lined screw-capped CO2 trap containing 1-M NaOH within a glass scintillation vial. The production of 14CO2 was assessed by the addition of Ultima Gold liquid scintillation fluid to the CO2 traps and subsequent liquid scintillation counting. Enumeration of phenanthrene-degrading bacteria was achieved by counting the colony forming unit count using the spread plate method. Results and discussion: This investigation considered the effects of Al and Fe (50, 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg) on 14C-phenanthrene biodegradation in soil over 63-day contact time. Fresh Al amendments at lower concentrations (50 and 100 mg/kg) stimulated phenanthrene catabolism (p &lt;0.05) at t = 21 and 42 days which may reflect an 'Arndt-Schulz' effect, but phenanthrene catabolism was significantly reduced (p &lt;0.05) in 500 mg/kg aged Al this could be due to Al toxicity to phenanthrene degraders. Phenanthrene mineralisation was stimulated in the highest Fe concentration (500 mg/kg) in aged and fresh Fe amendments at t = 21 days. This could be because Fe is an essential requirement for microbial growth. Conclusions: The impact of Al or Fe on the catabolism of 14C-phenanthrene was dependent on incubation time and Al was more toxic than Fe to soil PAH catabolic activity. This could be because Al is a non-essential microbial requirement. Bioremediation of soils co-contaminated with PAH and heavy metal is a complex problem; therefore, studies on the impact of metals on PAHs biodegradation highlight the risks and biodegradation potential in contaminated soil. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Aluminium; Catabolism; Iron; Phenanthrene; Soil	aluminum; biodegradation; catabolism; heavy metal; iron; PAH; phenanthrene; soil pollution; toxicity; Bacteria (microorganisms)	None
None	None	Investigating the distribution and fate of Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in sewage-impacted mangrove-fringed creeks of Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique	Kamau J.N., Kuschk P., Machiwa J., Macia A., Mothes S., Mwangi S., Munga D., Kappelmeyer U.	2015	Journal of Soils and Sediments	15	12	10.1007/s11368-015-1214-3	Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O Box 81651-80100, Mombasa, Kenya; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15D, Leipzig, Germany; University of Dar es Salaam, P.O Box 35064, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Biological Sciences, University Eduardo Mondlane, P.O Box 257, Maputo, Mozambique	Kamau, J.N., Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O Box 81651-80100, Mombasa, Kenya; Kuschk, P., Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15D, Leipzig, Germany; Machiwa, J., University of Dar es Salaam, P.O Box 35064, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Macia, A., Department of Biological Sciences, University Eduardo Mondlane, P.O Box 257, Maputo, Mozambique; Mothes, S., Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15D, Leipzig, Germany; Mwangi, S., Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O Box 81651-80100, Mombasa, Kenya; Munga, D., Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O Box 81651-80100, Mombasa, Kenya; Kappelmeyer, U., Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15D, Leipzig, Germany	Purpose: Coastal towns in the developing world are faced with the challenge of wastewater treatment. Most of the domestic wastewater generated in these urban areas is discharged raw into the surrounding mangrove forest. The local communities living near mangrove-fringed creeks are artisanal fishers and rely on fish as a source of protein. It is therefore important to determine the impact of sewage input on metal mobility/bioavailability in these mangrove systems. Materials and methods: The fate of heavy metals was investigated in peri-urban mangrove systems of Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique. Enrichment factors (EF) and pollution factors (PF) were applied to investigate the pollution status of selected metals in sewage-impacted creeks of the three countries. The spatial distribution patterns of metals in sediments and in the water column were determined. A sewage factor (SF) index was derived to determine the impact of sewage input on the water column. Results and discussion: Data obtained from sediment analysis revealed that Cd was highly depleted (EF 0.1) at Costa do Sol in Mozambique, inferring that it is highly labile under the prevailing onsite physicochemical parameters. Comparatively, Cr was more enriched in Mozambique sediments than in Kenya and Tanzania. In Tanzania; Zn showed the highest pollution levels (PF, 3.20), with reference to Ras Dege. While in Kenya, zinc was the most polluting metal in all of the sediment segments at Tudor Creek with reference to Gazi Creek. There was a conservative mixing of sediment/particulate-hosted heavy metals at Tudor and Ras Dege. This behaviour was observed for all the metals analysed. At Mtoni, however, the conservative behaviour was only pronounced for Pb and Zn, while for all three sites in Mozambique, metals were distributed evenly across the creeks indicating sinking tendencies. Sewage discharge influenced the concentration of dissolved Cr and Pb at Fort Jesus station during both flood and ebb tide. Conclusions: Changes in physicochemical parameters strongly influence the fate of sediment-hosted Cd as observed at Costa do Sol. The preferential association of Cd onto carbonates enhances Cd enrichment in sediments rich in carbonates. Input of domestic sewage contributes to dissolved Al loading, which is attributed to the use of alumina in fresh water treatment plants. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Enrichment factor; Kenya; Metals; Mozambique; Pollution factor; Tanzania	aluminum oxide; bioavailability; carbonate; enrichment; heavy metal; mangrove; mobility; physicochemical property; sewage; spatial distribution; urban area; wastewater; water column; water treatment; Dar es Salaam [Tanzania]; Kenya; Mozambique; Ras Dege; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947030845	Spatial variability of the rate of organic carbon mineralization in a sewage-impacted mangrove forest, Mikindani, Kenya	Kamau J.N., Ngila J.C., Kirui B., Mwangi S., Kosore C.M., Wanjeri V., Okumu S.	2015	Journal of Soils and Sediments	15	12	10.1007/s11368-015-1271-7	Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 81651-80100, Mombasa, Kenya; University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Doornfontein, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg, South Africa	Kamau, J.N., Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 81651-80100, Mombasa, Kenya; Ngila, J.C., University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Doornfontein, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg, South Africa; Kirui, B., Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 81651-80100, Mombasa, Kenya; Mwangi, S., Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 81651-80100, Mombasa, Kenya; Kosore, C.M., Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 81651-80100, Mombasa, Kenya; Wanjeri, V., Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 81651-80100, Mombasa, Kenya; Okumu, S., Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 81651-80100, Mombasa, Kenya	Purpose: Extensive amounts of untreated sewage are discharged in creeks lined by mangrove forests. This is a common occurrence in peri-urban coastal areas of the developing world. There is much evidence to suggest that mangroves filter discharged wastewater and prevent coastal pollution. The Mikindani mangrove system, Kenya has been exposed to sewage for more than a decade. The study seeks to investigate the ability of the Mikindani mangrove system to deal with the sewage carbon load. Materials and methods: The ability of the mangrove system to phytoremediate sewage was investigated using anaerobic incubation experiments of sediments collected at several locations along the length of the creek at the study site. Carbon dioxide production was used as a proxy to measure the rate of organic matter degradation. Results and discussion: The carbon dioxide production for the 0–1-cm sediment segment at site MKR 1 (the sewage input site) increased twofold after 8 days, implying that the natural system does not get enough time to stabilize since it is dosed continuously every tidal cycle. In situ CO2 efflux at site MKR 3 (~6 km from the sewage input site) was about three times the ∑CO2 production obtained after incubation for 8 days (anaerobic), which indicates that the easily degradable sediment organic carbon pool had degraded by about 67 % after 8 days. This suggests that this is sufficient time for the Rhizophora mangrove sediment system under anaerobic natural conditions to naturally degrade the system's sediment organic matter. Conclusions: The Mikindani mangrove system effectively spreads the discharged sewage over a distance of ~3 km. This effectively spreads the impact allowing the system to phytoremediate the artificially added organic matter. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Carbon dioxide production; Fe(II) production; Fe(III) reduction; Sewage; Sulfate reduction; Tudor creek	anoxic conditions; carbon dioxide; coastal zone; developing world; iron; mangrove; mineralization; organic matter; phytoremediation; reduction; sewage; sulfate; Kenya; Rhizophora; Rhizophoraceae	None
WoS	WOS:000208517400003	Monitoring and Evaluation of Substance Abuse Services in South Africa: Implications for Policy and Practice	Burnhams, Nadine Harker,Fakier, Nuraan,Myers, Bronwyn	2010	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH AND ADDICTION	8	4	10.1007/s11469-009-9232-2	South African Medical Research Council	"Burnhams, Nadine Harker: South African Medical Research Council","Fakier, Nuraan: South African Medical Research Council","Myers, Bronwyn: South African Medical Research Council"	Although outcomes monitoring and the collection of other performance data holds benefits for service managers and policy makers, the extent to which these data are collected by South African substance abuse service providers is unknown. To describe (i) the extent to which substance abuse service providers in South Africa monitor and evaluate their programmes and (ii) the availability of structures to support monitoring and evaluation activities within these services. Cross-sectional surveys of substance abuse treatment services were conducted in Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal provinces (2006-2007) and the Central and Northern region of the country (2007-2008). A survey of prevention services was conducted in the Cape Town metropole (2008). Across all sites approximately half of the services reported never having evaluated their programmes. In addition, less than two thirds of treatment facilities routinely monitor client outcomes. Even where monitoring and evaluation did occur, less than a third of facilities used standardised questionnaires and less than two-thirds used urinalyses to collect outcomes data. Based on the above findings, a number of recommendations are made to expand monitoring and evaluation within South African substance abuse services.	"outcomes monitoring","programme evaluation","SERVICE QUALITY","SOUTH AFRICA","SUBSTANCE ABUSE"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054840574	Towards optimum chest compression performance during constant peak displacement cardiopulmonary resuscitation	Dellimore K.H.J., Cloete G., Scheffer C.	2011	Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing	49	9	10.1007/s11517-011-0812-5	Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, Western Cape, South Africa	Dellimore, K.H.J., Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, Western Cape, South Africa; Cloete, G., Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, Western Cape, South Africa; Scheffer, C., Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, Western Cape, South Africa	The aim of this study is to determine the conditions necessary to achieve optimum chest compression (CC) performance during constant peak displacement cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This was accomplished by first performing a sensitivity analysis on a theoretical constant peak displacement CPR CC model to identify the parameters with the highest sensitivity. Next, the most sensitive parameters were then optimized for net sternumto-spine compression depth, using a two-variable non-linear least squares method. The theoretical CC model was found to be most sensitive to: thoracic stiffness, maximum sternal displacement, CC rate, and back support stiffness. Based on a two-variable, non-linear least squares analysis to optimize the model for the net sternum-to-spine compression depth during constant peak displacement CPR, it was found that the optimum ranges for the CC rate and back support stiffness are between 40-120 cpm and 241.0-1198.5 Ncm-1, respectively. Clinically, this suggests that current ERC guidelines for the CC rate during peak displacement CPR are appropriate; however, practitioners should be aware that the stiffness of the back support surfaces found in many hospitals may be sub-optimal and should consider using a backboard or a concrete floor to enhance CPR effectiveness. © International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering 2011.	Chest compression; Constant peak displacement; CPR; Non-linear least squares; Optimization	Back supports; Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; Chest compressions; Concrete floor; CPR; Non-linear least squares; Peak displacement; Sensitive parameter; Optimization; Stiffness; Surface reconstruction; Resuscitation; article; biological model; human; mechanical stress; methodology; pathophysiology; pressure; resuscitation; sternum; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Humans; Models, Cardiovascular; Pressure; Sternum; Stress, Mechanical	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-46749110693	"Coming to town": The impact of urbanicity, cigarette advertising, and network norms on the smoking attitudes of black women in Cape Town, South Africa	Williams C.T., Grier S.A., Marks A.S.	2008	Journal of Urban Health	85	4	10.1007/s11524-008-9286-7	School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; American University, Washington, DC, United States; University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Kogod School of Business, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20016-8044, United States	Williams, C.T., School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Grier, S.A., American University, Washington, DC, United States, Kogod School of Business, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20016-8044, United States; Marks, A.S., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	This study was conducted to examine the effect of urban living on smoking attitudes among black African women in South Africa. We examine how urbanicity affects attitudes toward smoking and how it moderates the relationship between both advertising exposure and network norms on black women's smoking attitudes. Respondents were 975 black women currently living in Cape Town townships, some of which were raised in rural villages or small towns. Respondents completed a cross-sectional survey, which included data on smoking attitudes, norms, and exposure to cigarette advertising. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed with smoking attitudes as the response variable, and urbanicity, cigarette advertising exposure, and network smoking norms as primary explanatory variables. Interactions were tested to determine whether urbanicity modified the effect of advertising exposure and network norms on smoking attitudes. Independent effects of urbanicity, exposure to cigarette advertising, and greater smoking prevalence within women's networks were associated with more favorable smoking attitudes. In addition, urbanicity moderated the relationship between network smoking norms and smoking attitudes, but not cigarette advertising exposure and smoking attitudes. Urbanicity, cigarette advertising, and networks play important roles in women's attitudes toward smoking, and potentially, smoking behavior. Overall, our results suggest that strong and creative anti-smoking efforts are needed to combat the potential for a smoking epidemic among an increasingly urbanized population of black women in South Africa and similar emerging markets. Additional research is warranted. © 2008 The New York Academy of Medicine.	Cigarette advertising; Smoking attitudes; South Africa; Urbanicity; Women's health	adolescent; adult; advertizing; article; attitude to health; cigarette smoking; female; human; major clinical study; prevalence; priority journal; smoking habit; social network; South Africa; urban population; urban rural difference; Adolescent; Adult; Advertising as Topic; African Continental Ancestry Group; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Linear Models; Middle Aged; Questionnaires; Smoking; South Africa; Urban Population; Women's Health	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855196350	Cool Farm Tool - Potato: Model Description and Performance of Four Production Systems	Haverkort A.J., Hillier J.G.	2011	Potato Research	54	4	10.1007/s11540-011-9194-1	Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 616, 6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands; Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, 23 St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, United Kingdom; Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Haverkort, A.J., Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 616, 6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands, Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Hillier, J.G., Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, 23 St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, United Kingdom	The Cool Farm Tool - Potato (CFT-Potato) is a spreadsheet programme that allows the calculation of the amount of CO 2 equivalents that it costs to produce 1 t of potato. The spreadsheet was adapted from an original generic version of the tool, and completed for potato production in diverse production areas in the world applying different levels of technology. The CO 2 embedded in chemicals during their production and released from the soil after nitrogen fertilization in the CFT-Potato has been updated to consider more recent products and production methods. Energy costs of the operations in the original version taken from generic data provided by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Standard, however, were altered (usually increased) where there was evidence from practical sources that the original figures did not apply. For example, the figure of around 16 l of diesel per ha for potato harvesting in the original version was corrected to 60 l of diesel per ha based on observational data. Figures for typical potato operations such as windrowing were supplied. Irrigation with pumps powered by diesel or electricity from the grid, with a centre pivot, a rain gun, drip irrigation and flooding and energy cost for extracting water from deeper sources were also added. We added data for grading, washing, store loading and unloading, the application of a sprout suppressant and storage with ventilation of ambient air or forced refrigeration. The CFT-Potato can be used by growers to calculate the actual costs of 1 t of potato in terms of kilograms CO 2 and explore the repercussion of altered management options. Here the comparison of four potato production systems in the Netherlands is shown: seed potatoes (115 kg CO 2/t), table potatoes (77 kg CO 2/t), starch potatoes (71 kg CO 2/t) and organic potato (82 kg CO 2/t). Based on potato dry matter, however, starch potato has the lowest footprint mainly due to the extensive use of pig slurry of which the production and transport CO 2 costs are attributed to the pig production chain. © 2011 The Author(s).	Carbon dioxide emissions; Cool Farm Tool; Irrigation; Organic potato; Seed potato; Starch potato; Storage; Table potato	Solanum tuberosum; Suidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84918786310	Performance and stability of supercapacitor modules based on porous carbon electrodes in hybrid powertrain	Gong X., Xie C., Zou Y., Quan S., Piotr B., Shen D.	2014	Journal Wuhan University of Technology, Materials Science Edition	29	6	10.1007/s11595-014-1056-7	School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; School of Automation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China; Hydrogen South Africa, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa	Gong, X., School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, School of Automation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China; Xie, C., School of Automation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China; Zou, Y., School of Automation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China; Quan, S., School of Automation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China; Piotr, B., Hydrogen South Africa, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa; Shen, D., Hydrogen South Africa, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa	Hybrid power sources have attracted much attention in the electric vehicle area. Particularly, electric-electric hybrid powertrain system consisting of supercapacitor modules and lithium-ion batteries has been widely applied because of the high power density of supercapacitors. In this study, we design a hybrid powertrain system containing two porous carbon electrode-based supercapacitor modules in parallel and one lithium ion battery pack. With the construction of the testing station, the performance and stability of the used supercapacitor modules are investigated in correlation with the structure of the supercapacitor and the nature of the electrode materials applied. It has been shown that the responding time for voltage vibration from 20 V to 48.5 V during charging or discharging process decreases from about 490 s to 94 s with the increase in applied current from 20 A to 100 A. The capacitance of the capacitor modules is nearly independent on the applied current. With the designed setup, the energy efficiency can reach as high as 0.99. The results described here provide a guidance for material selection of supercapacitors and optimized controlling strategy for hybrid power system applied in electric vehicles. © 2014, Wuhan University of Technology and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	charging-discharging cycle; electric-electric hybrid powertrain; power density; stability; supercapacitor modules	Carbon; Charging (batteries); Convergence of numerical methods; Electric batteries; Electric vehicles; Electrodes; Electrolytic capacitors; Energy efficiency; Hybrid powertrains; Hybrid vehicles; Lithium; Lithium alloys; Lithium compounds; Materials testing; Porous materials; Secondary batteries; Controlling strategies; Discharging process; Hybrid power sources; Hybrid power systems; Hybrid powertrain systems; Porous carbon electrodes; Power densities; Super capacitor; Lithium batteries	None
None	None	Evaluation of atrial septal defect using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography: Comparison with surgical findings	Mweri S.T., Deng Y., Cheng P., Lin H., Wang H., Mkangara O.B., Xia Z., Hu X., Bi X., Wu Y., Bapumiia M., Shentu W., Liu R., Li Y., Zhu M.	2009	Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology - Medical Science	29	2	10.1007/s11596-009-0225-y	Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular and Rheumatic Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Medical Ultrasound, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Aghakhan Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Mweri, S.T., Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular and Rheumatic Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Deng, Y., Department of Medical Ultrasound, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Cheng, P., Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular and Rheumatic Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Lin, H., Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular and Rheumatic Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Wang, H., Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular and Rheumatic Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Mkangara, O.B., Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan 430030, China; Xia, Z., Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular and Rheumatic Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hu, X., Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular and Rheumatic Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Bi, X., Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular and Rheumatic Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Wu, Y., Department of Medical Ultrasound, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Bapumiia, M., Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Aghakhan Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Shentu, W., Department of Medical Ultrasound, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Liu, R., Department of Medical Ultrasound, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Li, Y., Department of Medical Ultrasound, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Zhu, M., Department of Medical Ultrasound, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China	The present study evaluated the application of three dimensional echocardigraphy (3DE) in the diagnosis of atrial septal defect (ASD) and the measurement of its size by 3DE and compared the size with surgical findings. Two-dimensional and real-time three dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) was performed in 26 patients with atrial septal defect, and the echocardiographic data were compared with the surgical findings. Significant correlation was found between defect diameter by RT3DE and that measured during surgery (r=0.77, P<0.001). The defect area changed significantly during cardiac cycle. Percentage change in defect size during cardiac cycle ranged from 6%-70%. Our study showed that the size and morphology of atrial septal defect obtained with RT3DE correlate well with surgical findings. Therefore, RT3DE is a feasible and accurate non-invasive imaging tool for assessment of atrial septal size and dynamic changes. © 2009 Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Springer-Verlag GmbH.	Atrial septal defect; Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography; Two dimensional echocardiography	adolescent; adult; article; child; comparative study; evaluation; female; heart septum defect; human; male; middle aged; pathology; preschool child; three dimensional echocardiography; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; Female; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Young Adult	None
WoS	WOS:000265567000026	The univariate and bivariate impact of HIV/AIDS on the quality of life: A cross sectional study in the Hubei Province-Central China	Bapumiia, Mustaafa,Jackson, Felicia Williams,Kobelo, Theresia M.,Liu, LI,Mkangara, Ommari Baaliy,Mweri, Saumu Tobbi,Nie, Shaofa,Wang, Chongjian,Xiang, Hao,Xu, Yihua	2009	JOURNAL OF HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MEDICAL SCIENCES	29	2	10.1007/s11596-009-0226-x	Agakhan Hosp, Hondros Coll, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol	None	This study is aimed to evaluate the quality of life (QOL) for individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Hubei province-central China by using WHOQOL-BREF instrument (Chinese version). One hundred and thirty six respondents (HIV/AIDS individuals) attending out-patient department of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese CDC) were administered a structured questionnaire developed by investigators. QOL was evaluated by using WHOQOL-BREF instrument (Chinese version). The results showed that the mean score of overall QOL on a scale of 0-100 was 25.8. The mean scores in 4 domains of QOL on a scale of 0-100 were 82.9 (social domain), 27.5 (psychological domain), 17.7 (physical domain) and 11.65 (environmental domain). The significant difference of QOL was noted in the score of physical domain between asymptomatic (14.6) and early symptomatic individuals (12) (P=0.014), and between patients with early symptoms (12) and those with AIDS (10.43) (P &lt; 0.001). QOL in psychological domain was significantly lower in early symptomatic (12.1) (P &lt; 0.05) and AIDS patients (12.4) (P &lt; 0.006) than in asymptomatic individuals (14.2). The difference in QOL scores in the psychological domain was significant with respect to the income of patients (P &lt; 0.048) and educational status (P &lt; 0.037). Significantly better QOL scores in the physical domain (P &lt; 0.040) and environmental domain (P &lt; 0.017) were noted with respect to the occupation of the patients. Patients with family support had better QOL scores in environmental domain. In our research, QOL for HIV/AIDS individuals was associated with education, occupation, income, family support and clinical categories of the patients. It was concluded that WHOQOL-BREF Chinese version was successfully used in the evaluation of QOL of HIV/AIDS individuals in Chinese population and proved to be a reliable and useful tool.	AIDS,BIVARIATE,"CENTRAL CHINA",HIV,IMPACT,univariate,"WHOQOL-Bref Chinese version",DISEASE,"SOCIAL SUPPORT"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-83055188191	Sustainable architecture evaluation method in an African context: Transgressing discipline boundaries with a systems approach	Sanya T.	2012	Sustainability Science	7	1	10.1007/s11625-011-0137-1	School of Architecture Housing and Geomatics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Sanya, T., School of Architecture Housing and Geomatics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	This paper presents a method for poverty-inclusive evaluation of architectural sustainability. Existing evaluation tools largely ignore poverty-an omission that renders them inadequate for use in a developing country context. Methodological challenges arise from the complexity due to inclusion of poverty alongside numerous other sustainability aspects. Moreover, the shared transdisciplinary nature of architecture and sustainability coupled with inherent scale polarities add to the complexity. The evaluation method discussed here adopts concepts from systems theory to develop a framework that addresses the above challenges. It yields credible results in a developing country context with a dearth of research precedents and databases. The method was applied in an empirically based study of the sustainability performance of earth walling techniques in Uganda. The study showed that, from a sustainability viewpoint, wattle-and-daub performs best, followed by adobe, whereas the most popular brick was only better than compressed earth blocks. In their transparency, the evaluation method and results here presented can stand conventional academic scrutiny. But the conclusions point to the need for greater acceptance of transdisciplinary approaches to knowledge conceptualism if the holistic disposition of sustainability, architecture and sustainable architecture is to be accommodated. © 2011 Integrated Research System for Sustainability Science, United Nations University, and Springer.	Architecture; Multi-attribute utility technique; Poverty; Sustainability evaluation; Systems theory	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943240123	Evaluation of red fluorescent protein (DsRed) as alternative visual marker of genetic transformation in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)	Okwuonu I.C., Achi O.K., Egesi C.N., Taylor N.J.	2015	In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology - Plant	51	5	10.1007/s11627-015-9718-5	National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike, km 8 Ikot Ekpene Road, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Department of Microbiology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Institute for International Crop Improvement, Donald Danforth Pla	Okwuonu, I.C., National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike, km 8 Ikot Ekpene Road, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Achi, O.K., Department of Microbiology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Egesi, C.N., National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike, km 8 Ikot Ekpene Road, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Taylor, N.J., Institute for International Crop Improvement, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, United States	Red fluorescent protein (DsRed) from reef coral was evaluated in comparison with green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a reporter gene for cassava transformation. Cassava friable embryogenic callus (FEC) was transformed with ER-targeted versions of DsRed and GFP constructs driven by the 35S cauliflower mosaic virus promoter. Efficiency of transformation was comparable for both visual marker genes at averages of 119 and 163 expressing plants recovered per cc of settled cell volume FEC for GFP and DsRed, respectively. High and uniform DsRed expression was observed at the single cell and proliferating callus stages, in somatic embryos and within organs of whole in vitro and greenhouse-grown plants in a manner similar to GFP. Plants expressing GFP and DsRed were robust and phenotypically normal with regard to growth, vigor, and formation of storage roots when grown in the greenhouse. Expression of marker genes within cross sections of petiole, woody stem, and storage roots from greenhouse-grown plants was determined. The interference of phenolic compounds and chlorotic tissues characteristic of the signal from GFP-expressing tissues was not observed within tissues transgenic for DsRed. Tissues and plants co-expressing DsRed and GFP were produced by co-culturing FEC with a mixed Agrobacterium suspension carrying GFP and DsRed gene constructs or by re-transformation of an existing GFP transgenic line with DsRed. Re-transformation of GFP-expressing tissues was the more efficient method for production of GFP/DsRed stacked plants. Co-expression of both marker genes within the same transformation unit was easily visualized at their respective wavelength with the aid of appropriate filters thus validating their potential for co-expression studies. © 2015, The Society for In Vitro Biology.	Cassava; Co-expression; DsRed; GFP	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78049441052	Organic geochemical evaluation of the oil/gas-generative potential of organic matter in Cretaceous strata from the Lower Benue Trough, Nigeria	Odigi M.I., Amajor L.C.	2010	Chinese Journal of Geochemistry	29	3	10.1007/s11631-010-0451-9	Department of Geology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Odigi, M.I., Department of Geology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Amajor, L.C., Department of Geology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	An analytical procedure involving Rock-Eval pyrolysis of whole-rocks was adopted on fresh outcrop samples covering the three lithostratigraphic units in the Afikpo Basin of the Lower Benue Trough. Three petroleum systems are present in the Cretaceous delta frame: the Asu-River Group, the Eze-Aku Group and proto-Niger Delta sequences. The Afikpo Basin has been correlated to three petroleum systems in the Lower Congo Basin, Niger Delta and the Anambra Basin. The organic geochemistry of the shales, carbonaceous mudstones and coal beds show relatively moderate to high total organic carbon contents. The best potential hydrocarbon source rocks are the Eze-Aku Group and proto-Niger Delta shales, carbonaceous mudstones and coal beds where maturation was attained. The high total organic contents, thermal maturity and terrigenous characters of the Asu-River Group, Eze-Aku Group and proto-Niger Delta sediments, suggest the presence of a large amount of natural gas with a small quantity of oil accumulation. Variations in source rock facies were observed from one lithostratigraphic unit to another, and initial HI values as a function of TOC were proposed for each lithostratigraphic unit. The results also show that TOC, HI, OI, S2 and Tmax vary from older to younger rocks. The Tmax values discriminate the rocks into immature and mature source rocks. Source rocks with high Tmax suggest high geothermal gradient/or recycled organic matter. Also high Tmax and S2 yield indicate late and post maturity. Recycled organic matter is characterized by low Tmax. The principal source rocks for gas in the Afikpo Basin are the Eze-Aku Group and proto-Niger Delta beds deltaic systems, consisting mainly of III to IV kerogens with a subordinate amount of type II organic matter. Based on the obtained results, it is concluded that the Cretaceous shales, carbonaceous mudstones and coals in the Afikpo Basin of the Lower Benue Trough are capable of generating and expelling hydrocarbons in the case of sufficient maturity. © 2010 Science Press, Institute of Geochemistry, CAS and Springer Berlin Heidelberg.	Cretaceous strata; Lower Benue Trough; Nigeria; oil/gas-generative potential; organic geochemical evaluation; organic matter	Benue trough; Cretaceous strata; Nigeria; oil/gas-generative potential; organic geochemical evaluation; Organic matter; Analytical geochemistry; Biogeochemistry; Biological materials; Coal; Coal deposits; Coal industry; Exploratory geochemistry; Hydrocarbons; Petroleum deposits; Pyrolysis; Recycling; Rocks; Shale; Organic carbon; coal seam; Cretaceous; crude oil; hydrocarbon generation; hydrocarbon reservoir; mudstone; natural gas; organic geochemistry; organic matter; shale; source rock; Benue Valley; Nigeria; Cyanea angustifolia; Katsuwonus pelamis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78049485637	Evaluation of hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater in parts of the lower Benue Trough, Nigeria	Nganje T.N., Adamu C.I., Ugbaja A.N., Amah A.E.	2010	Chinese Journal of Geochemistry	29	4	10.1007/s11631-010-0472-4	Department of Geology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria	Nganje, T.N., Department of Geology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Adamu, C.I., Department of Geology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Ugbaja, A.N., Department of Geology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Amah, A.E., Department of Geology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria	The aim of this work is to evaluate the hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater in parts of the lower Benue Through in Nigeria as well as to evaluate the variation in groundwater chemistry data and the suitability of the groundwater for drinking and other domestic purposes. This was based on chemical analyses of 44 water samples from existing wells and boreholes in the study area. From the statistical analysis (wide ranges, median and standard deviation), it is obvious that there are significant variations in the quality/composition of groundwater in the period of sampling. The calculated SAR, Na% and RSC values indicated that the water is of excellent to good quality and is suitable for irrigation. Na and HCO3 are dominant with respect to the chemical composition of the groundwater. On the basis of water chemistry, hydrochemical indices and factor analysis the dominant controls or processes affecting the distribution of geochemical variables in the study area have been shown to be water/rock interaction which is mainly controlled by carbonate and silicate dissolution as well as anthropogenic influence to a lesser extent. Additional processes include cation exchange reactions and reverse ion exchange to a minor extent. © 2010 Science Press, Institute of Geochemistry, CAS and Springer Berlin Heidelberg.	factor analysis; groundwater; hydrogeochemical characteristics; lower Benue Trough, Nigeria; water quality	Anthropogenic influence; Benue trough; Cation exchange reactions; Chemical compositions; Domestic purpose; Factor analysis; Geochemical variables; Groundwater chemistry; Hydrochemical indices; Hydrogeochemical; Nigeria; Silicate dissolution; Standard deviation; Statistical analysis; Study areas; Water chemistry; Water samples; Analytical geochemistry; Dissolution; Ion exchange; Process control; Sampling; Silicates; Water pollution; Water quality; Groundwater; artesian well; borehole; chemical analysis; chemical composition; dissolution; groundwater; hydrogeochemistry; ion exchange; sampling; water quality; water-rock interaction; Benue; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883454079	Evaluation of residual stress development at the interface of plasma electrolytically oxidized and cold-worked aluminum	Asquith D., Yerokhin A., James N., Yates J., Matthews A.	2013	Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science	44	10	10.1007/s11661-013-1854-0	Department of Engineering and Mathematics, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, United Kingdom; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Portobello Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom; School of Marine Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Centre for Modelling and Simulation, School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom	Asquith, D., Department of Engineering and Mathematics, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, United Kingdom; Yerokhin, A., Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Portobello Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom; James, N., School of Marine Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Yates, J., Centre for Modelling and Simulation, School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Matthews, A., Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Portobello Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom	Fatigue failure in hard oxide-coated aluminum is usually driven by rapid short crack propagation from the interface through the substrate; mitigation of this is possible by introducing interfacial compressive stresses. Combining cold work with hard oxide coating can improve their performance under conditions of simultaneous wear, corrosion, and fatigue. Three-dimensional strain fields in an aluminum alloy with combined cold work and PEO coating have been measured and mechanisms for stress redistribution presented. These comprise material consumption, expansive growth of oxide layers, and local annealing. © 2013 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International.	None	Fatigue failures; Material consumption; Oxide coating; Oxide layer; Short crack propagation; Stress development; Stress redistribution; Three-dimensional strains; Aluminum; Interfaces (materials); Protective coatings; Aluminum coatings	EP/H051317/1, EPSRC, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925493730	Microstructural and Mechanical Evaluation of Laser-Assisted Cold Sprayed Bio-ceramic Coatings: Potential Use for Biomedical Applications	Tlotleng M., Akinlabi E., Shukla M., Pityana S.	2014	Journal of Thermal Spray Technology	24	3	10.1007/s11666-014-0199-6	Laser Material Processing, National Laser Center CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Mechanical Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Kingsway Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Mechanical Engineering, MNNIT, Allahabad, UP, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	Tlotleng, M., Laser Material Processing, National Laser Center CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Mechanical Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Kingsway Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa; Akinlabi, E., Department of Mechanical Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Kingsway Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa; Shukla, M., Department of Mechanical Engineering, MNNIT, Allahabad, UP, India, Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa; Pityana, S., Laser Material Processing, National Laser Center CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	Bio-composite coatings of 20 wt.%, HAP and 80 wt.%, HAP were synthesized on Ti-6Al-4V substrates using LACS technique. The coatings were produced with a laser power of 2.5 kW, powder-laser spot trailing by 5 s. The coatings were analyzed for the microstructures, microhardness, composition, and bio-corrosion using SEM-EDS, XRD, hardness tester, and Metrohm PGSTAT101 machine. SEM images indicated least pores and crack-free coating with dark-spots of Ti-HAP for the 20 wt.%, HAP as opposed to the 80 wt.%, HAP coating which was solid, porous and finely cracked and had semi-melted Ti-HAP particles. The EDS mappings showed high content of HAP for the 80 wt.%, HAP coating. The diffraction patterns were similar, even though the Ti-HAP peak was broader in the 80 wt.%, HAP coating and the HAP intensities were lower for this coating except for the (004) peak. The hardness values taken at the interface inferred that the 80 wt.%, HAP coating was least bonded. It was possible to conclude that when this phase material increased the hardness dropped considerably. The bio-corrosion tests indicated that the presence of HAP in coating leads to a kinetically active coating as opposed to pure titanium coating. © 2014, ASM International.	composite; hydroxyapatite; laser power; laser-assisted cold spray; titanium	Ceramic coatings; Composite coatings; Composite materials; Corrosion; Cracks; Hardness; Hydroxyapatite; Medical applications; Powder coatings; Sprayed coatings; Titanium; Active coatings; Biomedical applications; Crack-free coatings; Laser power; Laser-assisted cold sprays; Mechanical evaluation; Micro-structural; Phase materials; Aluminum coatings	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874994953	Performance evaluation of potassium dichromate and potassium chromate inhibitors on concrete steel rebar corrosion	Omotosho O.A., Okeniyi J.O., Ajayi O.O.	2010	Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention	10	5	10.1007/s11668-010-9375-2	Mechanical Engineering Department, Covenant University, P.M.B.1023, Ota, Nigeria	Omotosho, O.A., Mechanical Engineering Department, Covenant University, P.M.B.1023, Ota, Nigeria; Okeniyi, J.O., Mechanical Engineering Department, Covenant University, P.M.B.1023, Ota, Nigeria; Ajayi, O.O., Mechanical Engineering Department, Covenant University, P.M.B.1023, Ota, Nigeria	This study investigated the performance of potassium dichromate and potassium chromate inhibitors on the corrosion of steel rebar in concrete partially immersed in sulfuric acid and sodium chloride medium. The open circuit potential corrosion monitoring technique was employed for the acidic and marine simulating environments, and potential readings were taken in accordance with ASTM C 876. Inhibiting quality and uniformity of the inhibitors were then analyzed using an extreme value statistical modeling approach of the Weibull probability density distribution for determining the most efficient inhibitor. In the inhibitor concentrations used, the statistically analyzed experimental results identified 0.145 M potassium chromate as exhibiting the best inhibiting quality in sulfuric acid whereas the synergetic admixture of 0.032 M potassium dichromate and 0.097 M potassium chromate was predicted as showing the lowest probability of corrosion risk in sodium chloride solution. However, the overall probabilistic results rated potassium chromate as the best inhibitor compared to potassium dichromate in most of the other concentrations investigated in the study, especially in concrete structures exposed to saline environments. © ASM International 2010.	Corrosion inhibitors; Extreme value; Passive/active corrosion; Performance; Weibull density distribution	Density distributions; Extreme value; Inhibitor concentration; Open circuit potential; Passive/active; Performance; Potassium dichromates; Sodium chloride solution; Chromates; Concretes; Corrosion; Potassium; Probability density function; Sodium chloride; Sulfuric acid; Weibull distribution; Corrosion inhibitors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888201097	Evaluation of the mechanical properties of reinforcing steel bars from collapsed building sites	Adeleke A.A., Odusote J.K.	2013	Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention	13	6	10.1007/s11668-013-9739-5	Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Adeleke, A.A., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Odusote, J.K., Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Mechanical properties of reinforcing steel bars obtained from three different collapsed building sites in Lagos, Nigeria were examined. An optical emission spectrometer was used for chemical composition analysis while the tensile test was carried out using a Universal Testing Machine. The yield strength of the steel bars was found to be higher than BS4449 (GRADE 460B), Nst.65-Mn, and ASTM A706 standards, while their percentage elongations were lower than most of the standards. The steel bars used at the Sango collapse site have higher UTS compared with the standards, while those used at Ilesanmi and Ewuntun collapse sites have UTS values that are in close range with the standards. The reinforcing bar obtained from Ilesanmi collapsed site has higher percentage elongation than ASTM A706 standard but lower than Nst.65-Mn and BS4449 (GRADE 460B) standards. The bars obtained from Sango and Ewuntun collapse sites displayed lower percentage elongation compared with that from Ilesanmi site. All the investigated reinforcing bars possessed reasonably high strength with low ductility. Thus, these bars are susceptible to brittle fracture, which might have contributed to the collapse of the building structures. © 2013 ASM International.	Collapsed building; Ductility; Reinforced steel bars; Ultimate tensile strength; Yield strength	Chemical composition analysis; Collapsed buildings; Optical emission spectrometer; Percentage elongation; Reinforced steel; Reinforcing steel bar; Ultimate tensile strength; Universal testing machines; Brittle fracture; Ductility; Elongation; Manganese; Reinforced concrete; Standards; Surveying; Tensile strength; Tensile testing; Yield stress; Bars (metal)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650044883	Evaluation of soil nutrients under Eucalyptus grandis plantation and adjacent sub-montane rain forest	Alem S., Woldemariam T., Pavlis J.	2010	Journal of Forestry Research	21	4	10.1007/s11676-010-0097-9	Mendel University, Faculty of Forestry and Wood technology, Zemedelska 3/613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Environment and Coffee Forest Forum, P. O. Box 28513, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Alem, S., Mendel University, Faculty of Forestry and Wood technology, Zemedelska 3/613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Woldemariam, T., Environment and Coffee Forest Forum, P. O. Box 28513, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Pavlis, J., Mendel University, Faculty of Forestry and Wood technology, Zemedelska 3/613 00, Brno, Czech Republic	A study was conducted to evaluate the status of soil nutrients under E. grandis plantation in comparison with that in its adjacent submontane rain forest. Twenty sequare plots, with an area of 20 m×20 m for each, were established in both of E. grandis plantation and its adjacent sub-montane rain forest, independently. Soil samples were collected from each square plot, at five points (at the four corners and at the center) of each plot. The collected soil samples were mixed to make a composite and representative sample for each plot, independently. The analyses were done in a soil laboratory following appropriate methods. The analysis result indicated that there were no significance differences between E. grandis plantation and its adjacent sub-montane rain forest in the level of major soil nutrients (total N, available P, exchangeable K, Ca and Mg), pH and total carbon of soils (p < 0.05). There were significance differences between two sites of forest soils in percentage of clay particles, and exchangeable Na content. E. grandis plantation was found improving soil nutrients and total carbon as compared with that of its adjacent submontane rain forest. © 2010 Northeast Forestry University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Eucalyptus grandis; plantation; rain forest; soil nutrients; sub-montane	calcium; evergreen forest; forest soil; magnesium; plantation forestry; potassium; rainforest; sodium; soil analysis; soil carbon; soil nitrogen; soil nutrient; Eucalyptus; Eucalyptus grandis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880846025	Growth performance and gum arabic production of Acacia senegal in northwest lowlands of Ethiopia	Alemu A., Yilma Z., Eshete A., Dejene T.	2013	Journal of Forestry Research	24	3	10.1007/s11676-013-0378-1	Faculty of Agriculture, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; Institute of international forestry and forest products, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Ethiopian Institutes of Agricultural Research/Forestry Research Centre, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Alemu, A., Faculty of Agriculture, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia, Ethiopian Institutes of Agricultural Research/Forestry Research Centre, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Yilma, Z., Institute of international forestry and forest products, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Eshete, A., Institute of international forestry and forest products, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Dejene, T., Institute of international forestry and forest products, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany	Despite the wide distribution of natural stands of Acacia senegal in Ethiopia, commercial exploitation of gum arabic is constrained by lack of tapping and development techniques. We evaluated the gum arabic yield from natural stands of A. senegal and the growth of 6 provenances in different parts of the country. For the gum yield evaluation from natural stands, four tapping positions and three tapping seasons were tested in a factorial RCB design. The second experiment in Metema evaluated survival and growth of six provenances. A. senegal trees in natural stands respond well to tapping if tapped during the appropriate season and at the correct position on the tree. The mean gum yield did not vary significantly by tapping season (p=0.63). Higher mean yield was, however, collected from trees tapped in October (96 g·tree-1 per two harvests). The mean yield differed significantly (p=0.009) between the tapping positions. Mean separation (α=0.05) shows that trees tapped at mid stem gave higher yield (160 g·tree-1 per two harvests). The interaction effect of tapping season and position was not significant. Higher mean yield ((70 ± 112) g·tree-1) was recorded in mid October-mid stem in two harvests. The second experiment indicated statistically significant difference in mean survival (p=0.0298), height (p=0.000) and root collar diameter (RCD), (p=0.012) between the six provenances. Highest survival, height and root collar diameter growth was observed from Abderafi provenance (100%, (148±11) cm, (38±11) mm, respectively). We recommend October and mid-stem and branches as appropriate tapping season and position. We recommend planting of the Abderafi provenance for the study area due to its superior growth and survival. Our study contributes to the proper selection of provenances for plantation development and improved tapping technology for better production of gum arabic in the country. © 2013 Northeast Forestry University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	A. Senegal; growth performance; gum Arabic; position; provenances; tapping season	commercial species; crop production; crop yield; growth modeling; lowland environment; plant community; provenance; root; seasonal variation; statistical analysis; survival; technological development; Ethiopia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893974628	Evaluation of the adaptability and response of indigenous trees to assisted rehabilitation on the degraded hillsides of Kuriftu Lake Catchment (Debre Zeit, Ethiopia)	Gebretsadik W.	2014	Journal of Forestry Research	25	1	10.1007/s11676-013-0398-x	Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center (DZARC), P.O.box-32, Debre zeit, Ethiopia	Gebretsadik, W., Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center (DZARC), P.O.box-32, Debre zeit, Ethiopia	Removal of trees and shrubs from hillsides exposes a site to erosion that threatens soil aggregation and stability. The present study aimed at evaluating the performance of five indigenous tree species in rehabilitation of degraded hillsides of Kuriftu Lake Catchment and the role of water harvesting structures. Adaptability varied by tree species and water harvesting structures significantly augmented seedling establishment for some tree species. Height of Acacia abyssinica planted on steeper slopes (18%-27%) without infiltration pits was lower than for conspecifics planted with infiltration pits. Dodonaea angustifolia was proved to be best adapted to the site and showed no need for water harvesting regardless of planting position across the degraded hillside. Planting of Acacia seyal should be restricted to gentler slopes (0-17%) with infiltration pits: tree height declined significantly on steep slopes without infiltration pits. Olea africana performed better on gentle slopes with pits but also grew well on steeper slopes with pits. Euclea schimperi was proved to be least effective of the species evaluated in this study. © 2014 Northeast Forestry University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Infiltration pits; Kuriftu Lake catchment; water harvesting	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870680969	Techno-economic evaluation of wind energy in southwest Nigeria	Adaramola M.S., Oyewola O.M., Ohunakin O.S., Dinrifo R.R.	2012	Frontiers in Energy	6	4	10.1007/s11708-012-0205-y	Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7030, Norway; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, 23402, Nigeria; Mechanical Engineering Department, Covenant Unive	Adaramola, M.S., Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7030, Norway; Oyewola, O.M., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, 23402, Nigeria; Ohunakin, O.S., Mechanical Engineering Department, Covenant University, Ogun State, 11001, Nigeria; Dinrifo, R.R., School of Engineering, Lagos State Polytechnic, Lagos, 23401, Nigeria	In this study, an analysis of the wind energy potential in the southwest geo-political region of Nigeria was conducted. A 37-year (1971-2007) wind speed data set measured at 10 m height, obtained from eight meteorological stations within the region was analyzed using a 2-parameter Weibull function. Besides, a technoeconomic evaluation of large wind energy conversion systems with power ratings ranging from 0. 6 to 2MW at different hub heights based on the levelized unit cost of electricity was made for the different sites considered. The result showed that electricity cost varied from 0. 06997 and 0. 11195 $/(kW·h) to 2. 86611 and 4. 58578 $/(kW·h) at limit values of turbine specific cost band intervals of 1000 and 1600 $/kW. It was further shown that Lagos, having the highest accumulated power outputs of 430. 10 kW/a from DeWind D7 at 70m hub height, is the most preferred for economically usable power generation in terms of the levelized unit cost. © 2012 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	mean wind speed; Nigeria; southwest geopolitical region; techno-economic analysis; Weibull distributions; wind turbine	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897578793	Lean management in indirect business areas: Modeling, analysis, and evaluation of waste	Magenheimer K., Reinhart G., Schutte C.S.L.	2014	Production Engineering	8	42371	10.1007/s11740-013-0497-8	Institute for Machine Tools and Industrial Management (iwb), Technische Universität München (TUM), Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany; Department of Industrial Engineering, Universiteit Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Magenheimer, K., Institute for Machine Tools and Industrial Management (iwb), Technische Universität München (TUM), Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany; Reinhart, G., Institute for Machine Tools and Industrial Management (iwb), Technische Universität München (TUM), Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany; Schutte, C.S.L., Department of Industrial Engineering, Universiteit Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Because of the rising complexity of indirect business areas, processes become less transparent and it is therefore more difficult to distinguish between value-adding activities and waste. As an essential requirement for purposeful optimization, all existing types of waste in a process must be identified and quantified in terms of their negative impacts on the process productivity and the customer's wishes. Hence, this article proposes an approach that increases the transparency and ensures objectivity by concentrating on the value stream, revealing weaknesses, detecting their causes, and evaluating the impact on the process according to the philosophy of Lean Management. The methodology is separated into three main steps: process modeling, analysis, and the evaluation of waste in indirect business areas. This results in an effect-orientated classification of potential waste in the process and yields a priority list of fields of action. The basis for the implementation of process optimization is thus developed. © 2013 German Academic Society for Production Engineering (WGP).	Evaluation of waste; Identification of waste; Lean administration; Lean principles; Process modeling	Optimization; Process engineering; Lean management; Lean principles; Potential wastes; Priority list; Process Modeling; Process productivity; Value streams; Waste management	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939966442	Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity evaluation of an oleic acid derived novel bicephalous dianionic surfactant	Kalhapure R.S., Akamanchi K.G.	2015	Journal of Surfactants and Detergents	18	3	10.1007/s11743-015-1678-6	Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, India; Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa	Kalhapure, R.S., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, India, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Akamanchi, K.G., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, India	A novel oleic acid derived bicephalous dianionic surfactant disodium (Z) 3,3′-(oleoylazanediyl)dipropanoate containing one hydrophobic carbon chain and two hydrophilic head groups was synthesized, characterized and evaluated for cytotoxicity for the purpose of introducing a new biocompatible surfactant. The head group 3,3′-azanediyldipropanoate was synthesized through Michael addition of methyl acrylate to benzylamine and subsequent reductive debenzylation with Pd/C, H<inf>2</inf> and was condensed with an oleic acid moiety via amide bond formation. Ester groups at the periphery were hydrolyzed using acetyl chloride-water and the diacid formed was neutralized with sodium bicarbonate to obtain the desired surfactant. The CMC was determined by conductometry, log P <inf>octanol/water</inf> by ChemSW software and the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) by the Davies method and ChemSW. In vitro cytotoxicity study was performed using sulforhodamine B assay and the in vivo skin irritation study was performed on male New Zealand white rabbits as per OECD guideline 404. The CMC was found to be 1.9 mm/l which was almost half of the CMC of sodium oleate. The Log P <inf>octanol/water</inf> value of -3.87 and the HLB values of 35.22 and 34.46 by the Davies method and ChemSW software respectively revealed the hydrophilic nature of the surfactant. The surfactant did not exhibit any cytotoxicity at any of the concentrations tested and was found to be non-irritating by in vivo skin irritation studies. The findings of the present work suggest that the synthesized novel bicephalous dianionic surfactant is a safe and biocompatible excipient. It has the potential to be an attractive alternative to linear and gemini surfactants for applications in biological studies and pharmaceutical drug delivery systems. © 2015 AOCS.	Bicephalous; Critical micelle concentration; Cytotoxicity; Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance; Oleic acid; Skin irritation	Addition reactions; Alcohols; Biocompatibility; Chlorine compounds; Critical micelle concentration; Cytotoxicity; Drug delivery; Hydrophilicity; Oleic acid; Sodium; Sodium bicarbonate; Amide bond formation; Bicephalous; Biocompatible surfactants; Biological studies; Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance; New Zealand White rabbit; Pharmaceutical drugs; Skin irritation; Surface active agents	UGC, University Grants Commission
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877306116	Evaluation of plant growth promoting potential of four rhizobacterial species for indigenous system	Hou M.P., Oluranti B.O.	2013	Journal of Central South University	20	1	10.1007/s11771-013-1472-4	Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa	Hou, M.P., Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Oluranti, B.O., Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa	The aim of this work was to see whether Pseudomonas putida NWU12, Pseudomonas fluorescence NWU65, Vibrio fluvialis NWU37 and Ewingella americana NWU59 are beneficial to plants and are able to promote plant growth and development when inoculated as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). The four rhizobacteria were tested in vitro for PGPR activities and on spinach and pepper in pot experiments. The inoculants are all positive for ammonia (NH 3), catalase, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), phosphate solubilization and siderophore production. Among the inoculants, E. americana NWU59 is oxidase negative. P. putida NWU12 and P. fluorescence NWU65 are producing indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The inoculants exhibit some PGPR activities and thus tested in the screen-house. Treatments are control (water) and the four inoculants. Rhizobacterial inoculants increase spinach (17.14%-21.43%) and pepper (15.0%-37.5%) plant heights over the control. Such inoculants have the potential of improving plant yield components and may be used as biofertilizer. © 2013 Central South University Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Ewingella americana; microbial inoculants; PGPR; Pseudomonas spp; screening; Vibrio fluvialis	Ewingella americana; Microbial inoculants; PGPR; Pseudomonas spp; Vibrio fluvialis; Fluorescence; Screening; Bacteria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650744045	Improvement of performance efficiency of a hydrocyclone with design modification by suppressing air core	Sripriya R., Suresh N., Chakraborty S., Meikap B.C.	2011	Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering	28	1	10.1007/s11814-010-0344-y	R and D Division, Tata Steel, Jamshedpur 831003, India; Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, India 826004 Jharkhand, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharaghpur 721302, India; School of Chemical Engineering, Howard College, University of Kwazulu-Natal, King George Avenue, Durban 4041, South Africa	Sripriya, R., R and D Division, Tata Steel, Jamshedpur 831003, India; Suresh, N., Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, India 826004 Jharkhand, India; Chakraborty, S., Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharaghpur 721302, India; Meikap, B.C., Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharaghpur 721302, India, School of Chemical Engineering, Howard College, University of Kwazulu-Natal, King George Avenue, Durban 4041, South Africa	Hydrocyclones have been used for beneficiation of coal and mineral in coal washeries and mineral process industries. To enhance the efficiency of hydrocyclone, it is very essential to quantify the presence or absence of air core within the hydrocyclone. In the present study, for the first time, a new hydrocyclone design has been conceptualized and tested for its efficiency in separation of particles based on gravity. Experimental investigations have been carried out using design of experiments and the results have been analyzed statistically. The results have shown that suppressing the air core improves the separation efficiency of the hydrocyclone. Efforts have been made to explain the concept through fundamentals of fluid flow in hydrocyclone. The air core has a significant effect on particle separation as the relative density of the particles approach to the fluid density. The results will be used in the development of a new design of dense medium hydrocyclone at industrial scale that will improve the separation efficiency of the hydrocyclones by separating the near gravity particles more efficiently. © 2010 Korean Institute of Chemical Engineers, Seoul, Korea.	Air Core; Dense Medium Cyclone; Density Tracers; Hydrocyclone; Particle Separation; Separation Efficiency	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-75949108189	Monitoring deterioration of waffle cooler thickness at polokwane smelter	Sadri A., Gebski P., Ghorbani H., McGarrie G., De Vries T.	2009	JOM	61	10	10.1007/s11837-009-0156-x	Hatch Ltd., 2800 Speakman Dr., Mississau-ga, ON L5K 2R7, Canada; Hatch Ltd., Gallo Manor, South Africa; Anglo Platinum, Polokwane Smelter, South Africa	Sadri, A., Hatch Ltd., 2800 Speakman Dr., Mississau-ga, ON L5K 2R7, Canada; Gebski, P., Hatch Ltd., 2800 Speakman Dr., Mississau-ga, ON L5K 2R7, Canada; Ghorbani, H., Hatch Ltd., 2800 Speakman Dr., Mississau-ga, ON L5K 2R7, Canada; McGarrie, G., Hatch Ltd., Gallo Manor, South Africa; De Vries, T., Anglo Platinum, Polokwane Smelter, South Africa	Cooling elements in operating furnaces, such as waffle coolers, finger coolers, cooling staves, and plate coolers, are subject to wearing and deterioration over time. Ultrasonic (UT) pulse echo is an efficient nondestructive testing methodology to monitor the thickness and quality of the cooling blocks through periodical inspections; however, the highly dampening properties of copper and the high temperatures on the hot face of the cooling elements could cause errors in UT thickness measurements. To eliminate potential errors in UT measurements, a study was conducted to determine the correct temperature and velocity distributions and relationship in waffle coolers. In this study, a combination of mathematical modeling and experimental work was used to establish a relationship between the temperature and the speed of ultrasonic waves in copper elements.	None	Cooling elements; High temperature; Mathematical modeling; Non destructive testing; Periodical inspection; Potential errors; Pulse echoes; Cooling; Deterioration; Errors; Nondestructive examination; Thickness measurement; Ultrasonics; Cooling systems	None
None	None	Institutional Change and Institutional Performance Under Decentralized Forest Management in Babati District, Tanzania	Babili I.H., Mtalo E., Kajembe G.C., van der Wal H.	2015	Small-scale Forestry	14	3	10.1007/s11842-015-9294-x	Institute of Continuing Education, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O Box 3044, Morogoro, Tanzania; College of Science, Informatics and Built Environment, University of Bagamoyo, P.O Box 31285, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Forest Mensuration and Management, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O Box 3013, Morogoro, Tanzania; El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Villahermosa, Carretera Villahermosa-Reforma km 15.5, Ranchería El Guineo, Sección II, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico	Babili, I.H., Institute of Continuing Education, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O Box 3044, Morogoro, Tanzania; Mtalo, E., College of Science, Informatics and Built Environment, University of Bagamoyo, P.O Box 31285, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Kajembe, G.C., Department of Forest Mensuration and Management, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O Box 3013, Morogoro, Tanzania; van der Wal, H., El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Villahermosa, Carretera Villahermosa-Reforma km 15.5, Ranchería El Guineo, Sección II, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico	In the last three decades, self-governed robust institutions and design principles were emphasized for effective management of the commons including forests. However, little attention was given to institutional change and institutional performance. This paper addresses the relationship between institutional change and institutional performance under decentralized forest management (DFM) in Babati District, Tanzania. It is demonstrated that both constitutional and operational changes occurred under DFM in Babati. Institutional changes were found to be associated with improved condition of forest resources, good governance and sustainable livelihoods. However, cash income accrued from forests under DFM did not improve. Theoretically, a framework of multiple institutional logics of action was found more capable of explaining institutional change and institutional performance than Ostrom’s rational choice institutionalism and design principles. © 2015, Steve Harrison, John Herbohn.	Community-based forest management; Institutional effects; Institutions; Joint forest management; Multiple institutional logics of action	forest management; forest resource; governance approach; institutional reform; performance assessment; Arusha [Tanzania]; Babati; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879554206	Modelling the impact of old and new mechanisms of entry and selection to medical school in Ireland: Who gets in?	O'Flynn S., Fitzgerald T., Mills A.	2013	Irish Journal of Medical Science	182	3	10.1007/s11845-013-0904-3	University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Biostatistics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Lesotho College of Education, Maseru, South Africa	O'Flynn, S., University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Fitzgerald, T., Department of Biostatistics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Mills, A., Lesotho College of Education, Maseru, South Africa	Background: Several changes to entry and selection to medical school in Ireland were introduced in 2009 including the addition of a specialised admission test the Health Professionals Admissions Test (HPAT-Ireland). Aims: We wished to determine the impact of each aspect of the reforms by modelling outcomes if old and new mechanism had prevailed, the extent to which applicants and entrants repeated the leaving certificate, and leaving certificate and HPAT-Ireland scores of successful candidates. Methods: The leaving certificate and HPAT scores of all medical school applicants and entrants in 2009 and 2010 were analysed. Results: Data were available for 2,913 applicants in 2009 and 3,292 applicants in 2010. In 2009, over 33 % of students admitted to medicine would not have been admitted if the decision was based solely on their leaving certificate. The corresponding figure for 2010 was 44 %. In 2009, if entry had been based on the combined HPAT-Ireland and an un-moderated leaving certificate score, this would have affected the outcomes in 5 % of applicants or 25 % of those who secured a medical school place. The corresponding figures for 2010 are 6 and 24 %, respectively. Since 2009 applicants and entrants are far less likely to repeat the leaving certificate examination. HPAT-Ireland entry scores appear relatively stable while leaving certificate scores have varied in an upward direction. Conclusions: All of the reforms to medical school admission have contributed significantly in determining outcomes. The addition of the HPAT-Ireland adjunct admission test equates with the impact of moderation of leaving certificate points. © 2013 Royal Academy of Medicine in Ireland.	Entry and selection; HPAT-Ireland; Leaving certificate; Medical school	article; college student; human; Ireland; medical school; medical student; periodic medical examination; theoretical model; Education, Medical; Humans; Ireland; Models, Theoretical; Physicians; School Admission Criteria; Schools, Medical; Students	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919917029	Poverty, inequality and mathematics performance: the case of South Africa’s post-apartheid context	Graven M.H.	2013	ZDM - International Journal on Mathematics Education	46	7	10.1007/s11858-013-0566-7	Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	Graven, M.H., Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	South Africa’s recent history of apartheid, its resultant high levels of poverty and extreme social and economic distance between rich and poor continue to play-out in education in complex ways. The country provides a somewhat different context for exploring the relationship between SES and education than other countries. The apartheid era only ended in 1994, after which education became the vehicle for transforming society and a political rhetoric of equity and quality education for all was prioritized. Thus education focused on redressing inequalities; and major curriculum change, with on-going revisions, was attempted. In this sense engagement with SES and education became foregrounded in policy, political discourse and research literature. Yet for all the political will and rhetoric little has been achieved and indicators are that inequality has worsened in mathematics education, where it is particularly pronounced. This paper proposes that continued research confirming poverty–underachievement links, which suggest an inevitability of positive correlations, is unhelpful. Instead we should explore issues of disempowerment and agency, constraints and possibilities, and the complex interplay of factors that create these widely established national statistics while simultaneously defying them in particular local contexts. Such research could shift the focus from a discourse of deficit and helplessness towards a discourse of possibilities in the struggle for equity and quality education for all. © 2013, FIZ Karlsruhe.	Inequality; Performance; Redress; SES	None	DST, Department of Science and Technology, Republic of South Africa
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872360882	Echocardiographic screening for subclinical rheumatic heart disease remains a research tool pending studies of impact on prognosis	Zühlke L., Mayosi B.M.	2013	Current Cardiology Reports	15	3	10.1007/s11886-012-0343-1	Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Medicine, Old Groote Schuur Hospital, Groote Schuur Drive, Observatory, 7945, Cape Town, South Africa	Zühlke, L., Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Medicine, Old Groote Schuur Hospital, Groote Schuur Drive, Observatory, 7945, Cape Town, South Africa; Mayosi, B.M., Department of Medicine, Old Groote Schuur Hospital, Groote Schuur Drive, Observatory, 7945, Cape Town, South Africa	The application of portable echocardiography to the screening of asymptomatic children and young adults for rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in developing countries indicates that the disease may affect 62 million to 78 million individuals worldwide, which could potentially result in 1.4 million deaths per year from RHD and its complications. The World Heart Federation has developed a guideline for the echocardiographic diagnosis of RHD in asymptomatic individuals without a history of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) in order to ensure the reliability, comparability, and reproducibility of findings of the echocardiographic screening studies. Early studies suggest that a third of individuals with asymptomatic subclinical RHD revert to normal echocardiographic findings on repeat testing after 6-12 months, suggesting that repeat echocardiography may be necessary to confirm the findings prior to consideration of interventions such as antibiotic prophylaxis. It is not known, however, whether echocardiographic screening for asymptomatic subclinical RHD or the introduction of antibiotic prophylaxis for affected individuals improves the prognosis of RHD. Furthermore, the cost-effectiveness of this screening method has not been established in the vast majority of affected countries. Therefore, echocardiographic screening for asymptomatic subclinical RHD remains a research tool until studies of impact on prognosis and cost-effectiveness are conducted. © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013.	Echocardiographic screening; Rheumatic heart disease; Subclinical carditis; World Heart Federation guidelines	antibiotic prophylaxis; article; asymptomatic disease; clinical protocol; comparative effectiveness; cost effectiveness analysis; developing country; disease activity; disease classification; disease course; disease surveillance; echocardiography; health care cost; human; practice guideline; prognosis; reliability; repeat procedure; reproducibility; rheumatic heart disease	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650679199	Evaluation of Flour and Extruded Noodles from Eight Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD)-Resistant Varieties	Nwabueze T.U., Anoruoh G.A.	2011	Food and Bioprocess Technology	4	1	10.1007/s11947-009-0200-4	Department of Food Science and Technology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Nwabueze, T.U., Department of Food Science and Technology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Anoruoh, G.A., Department of Food Science and Technology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Flours processed from eight cassava roots were selected from recently developed Cassava Mosaic Disease resistant varieties (92b/00061, 95/0289, 92/0057, 96/1632, 98/0505, 97/2205, TME419 and 92/0326). They were evaluated for proximate composition, hydrogen cyanide, vitamin A and functional properties. They were also processed into noodles adapting a locally fabricated cold extruder as a single-screw extruder. The extruded cassava noodles were cooked and subjected to sensory analysis. Principal component and cluster analyses of the parameters were adopted using the correlation matrix with the objective of grouping the varieties into functional groups. The proximate composition showed that mean protein value ranged from 1.93% (98/0505) to 2.60% (96/1632) and fat ranged from 0.46% (92/0326 and 95/0289) to 0.95% (96/1632). The principal component analysis showed that PC 1, PC 2 and PC 3 were key components contributing 90.90% of the variables. Vitamin A determined as carotenoid ranged from 1.94 (92/0057) to 2.40 μg/g (TME419) while hydrogen cyanide concentration ranged from 8.20 (92/0057) to 11.14 mg/kg (96/1632). Noodles made from 95/0289 CMD variety had the least acceptable sensory properties while those made from 98/0505 were most generally acceptable. No significant (P ≥ 0.05) differences were noticed in taste, colour and general acceptability of all the samples. The sensory evaluation of noodles made from the eight cassava varieties (colour, taste, flavour, texture and general acceptability) produced two principal components which accounted for 85.80% while the functional properties explained 81.30% of the variations. The key sensory properties with significant eigenvalues based on their loadings (≥0.5) were colour, taste, texture and general acceptability. Compared to raw samples, dried noodles were about 1. 98 times, while cooked noodles were up to three times greater in diameter, respectively. The result showed that cassava flour could serve as a good substitute to wheat flour in noodle production and utilisation. © 2009 Springer Science + Business Media, LLC.	Cassava flour; Cassava Mosaic Disease; Cluster analysis; CMD; Correlation matrix; Dendrogramme; Eigenanalysis; Expansion ratio; Extrusion; Functional properties; Hydrogen cyanide; Noodles; Principal components; Scree plots; Sensory evaluation; Single-scre	Cassava flour; Cassava mosaic disease; CMD; Correlation matrix; Dendrogramme; Eigenanalysis; Expansion ratio; Functional properties; Hydrogen cyanide; Noodles; Principal Components; Scree plots; Sensory evaluation; Single screw extruder; Cluster analysis; Color; Cyanides; Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions; Extruders; Extrusion; Functional groups; Hydrogen; Screws; Textures; Principal component analysis; Manihot esculenta; Triticum aestivum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881479814	Variant ataxia telangiectasia: Clinical and molecular findings and evaluation of radiosensitive phenotypes in a patient and relatives	Claes K., Depuydt J., Taylor A.M.R., Last J.I., Baert A., Schietecatte P., Vandersickel V., Poppe B., De Leeneer K., D'Hooghe M., Vral A.	2013	NeuroMolecular Medicine	15	3	10.1007/s12017-013-8231-4	Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; NRF IThemba LABS, PO Box 722, Somerset West 7129, South Africa; Department of Neurology and Child Neurology AZ St-Jan, 8000 Brugge, Belgium	Claes, K., Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Depuydt, J., Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Taylor, A.M.R., School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Last, J.I., School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Baert, A., Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Schietecatte, P., Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Vandersickel, V., NRF IThemba LABS, PO Box 722, Somerset West 7129, South Africa; Poppe, B., Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; De Leeneer, K., Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; D'Hooghe, M., Department of Neurology and Child Neurology AZ St-Jan, 8000 Brugge, Belgium; Vral, A., Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium	Variant ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) may be an underdiagnosed entity. We correlate data from radiosensitivity and kinase assays with clinical and molecular data from a patient with variant A-T and relatives. The coding region of ATM was sequenced. To evaluate the functional effect of the mutations, we performed kinase assays and developed a novel S-G2 micronucleus test. Our patient presented with mild dystonia, moderately dysarthric speech, increased serum α-fetoprotein but no ataxia nor telangiectasias, no nystagmus or oculomotor dyspraxia. She has a severe IgA deficiency, but does not have recurrent infections. She is compound heterozygote for ATM c.8122G>A (p.Asp2708Asn) and c.8851-1G>T, leading to in frame loss of 63 nucleotides at the cDNA level. A trace amount of ATM protein is translated from both alleles. Residual kinase activity is derived only from the p.Asp2708Asn allele. The conventional G0 micronucleus test, based on irradiation of resting lymphocytes, revealed a radiosensitive phenotype for the patient, but not for the heterozygous relatives. As ATM is involved in homologous recombination and G2/M cell cycle checkpoint, we optimized an S-G2 micronucleus assay, allowing to evaluate micronuclei in lymphocytes irradiated in the S and G2 phases. This test showed increased radiosensitivity for both the patient and the heterozygous carriers. Intriguingly, heterozygous carriers of c.8851-1G>T (mutation associated with absence of kinase activity) showed a stronger radiosensitive phenotype with this assay than heterozygous carriers of p.Asp2708Asn (mutation associated with residual kinase activity). The modified S-G2 micronucleus assay provided phenotypic insight into complement the diagnosis of this atypical A-T patient. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.	ATM heterozygous carriers; cDNA analysis; In vitro radiosensitivity; Kinase assay; S-G2 micronucleus assay; Variant ataxia telangiectasia	alpha fetoprotein; baclofen; levodopa; psychotropic agent; tetrazepam; adult; anamnesis; article; ataxia telangiectasia; ATM gene; case report; cell cycle checkpoint; cell cycle progression; cerebral palsy; clinical feature; controlled study; disease severity; dystonia; enzyme activity; female; gene; gene locus; gene mutation; gene sequence; genetic transcription; genetic variability; heterozygosity; homologous recombination; human; immunoglobulin A deficiency; mental disease; micronucleus test; missense mutation; molecular typing; mutational analysis; nucleotide sequence; phenotype; priority journal; protein blood level; psychotherapy; radiosensitivity; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; strabismus; Ataxia telangiectasia; Adult; Amino Acid Substitution; Ataxia Telangiectasia; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; Breast Neoplasms; Caffeine; Child; Exons; Female; G2 Phase; Heterozygote; Humans; Lymphocytes; Male; Micronucleus Tests; Mutation, Missense; Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary; Neurologic Examination; Pedigree; Phenotype; Radiation Tolerance; Recombinational DNA Repair; Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal; RNA Splice Sites; S Phase; Sequence Analysis, DNA	None
None	None	Consensus Summary Statement of the International Multidisciplinary Consensus Conference on Multimodality Monitoring in Neurocritical Care: A statement for healthcare professionals from the Neurocritical Care Society and the European Society of Intensive C	Le Roux P., Menon D.K., Citerio G., Vespa P., Bader M.K., Brophy G.M., Diringer M.N., Stocchetti N., Videtta W., Armonda R., Badjatia N., Böesel J., Chesnut R., Chou S., Claassen J., Czosnyka M., De Georgia M., Figaji A., Fugate J., Helbok R., Horowitz D.	2014	Neurocritical Care	21	2	10.1007/s12028-014-0041-5	Brain and Spine Center, Suite 370, Medical Science Building, Lankenau Medical Center, 100 East Lancaster Avenue, Wynnewood, PA, United States; Neurosciences Critical Care Unit, Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge Consultant, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 93, Cambridge, United Kingdom; NeuroIntensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Ospedale San Gerardo, Via Pergolesi 33, Monza, Italy; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Neuro/Critical Care CNS, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo, CA, United States; Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia Campus, 410N. 12th Street, Richmond, VA, United States; Neurocritical Care Section, Department of Neurology, Washington University, Campus Box 8111, 660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO, United States; Department of Physiopathology and Transplant, Milan University, Neuro ICU, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F Sforza, 35, Milan, Italy; ICU Neurocritical Care, Hospital Nacional ‘Prof. a. Posadas’, El Palomar, Pcia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurosurgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Medstar Health, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Maryland Medical Center, 22 S Greene St, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Neurology, Ruprecht-Karls University, Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, Germany; Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Mailstop 359766, 325 Ninth Ave, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, United States; Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 177 Fort Washington Avenue, Milstein 8 Center room 300, New York, NY, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 167, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Neurocritical Care Center, Cerebrovascular Center, University Hospital Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, United States; University of Cape Town, 617 Institute for Child Health, Red Cross Children’s Hospital, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Neurocritical Care Unit, Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstr.35, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Pennsylvania Health System, 3701 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 167, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3 West Gates, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Nursing Research, The MetroHealth System, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH, United States; Division of Cerebrovascular Diseases and Neurocritical Care, The Ohio State University, 395W. 12th Ave, 7th Floor, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg, SOM 710, N Lake Shore Drive, 11th floor, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Biology and Medicine University of Lausanne, CHUV University Hospital, BH 08-623, Lausanne, Switzerland; Neurology, Neurotherapeutics and Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, JMH, 1611 NW 12th Ave, Suite 405, Miami, FL, United States; Cerebrovascular Center and Neuroinflammation Research Center, Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, NC30, Cleveland, OH, United States; Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Clinicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Critical Care Medicine, Maine Medical Center, 22 Bramhall Street, Portland, Maine, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neurosurgical Intensive Care, Ben Taub Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 1504 Taub Loop, Houston, TX, United States; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Milstein Hospital 8 Garden South, Suite 331, 177 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, NY, United States; Laboratoire de Recherche Experimentale, Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Route de Lennik, 808, Brussels, Belgium	Le Roux, P., Brain and Spine Center, Suite 370, Medical Science Building, Lankenau Medical Center, 100 East Lancaster Avenue, Wynnewood, PA, United States; Menon, D.K., Neurosciences Critical Care Unit, Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge Consultant, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 93, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Citerio, G., NeuroIntensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Ospedale San Gerardo, Via Pergolesi 33, Monza, Italy; Vespa, P., David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Bader, M.K., Neuro/Critical Care CNS, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo, CA, United States; Brophy, G.M., Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia Campus, 410N. 12th Street, Richmond, VA, United States; Diringer, M.N., Neurocritical Care Section, Department of Neurology, Washington University, Campus Box 8111, 660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO, United States; Stocchetti, N., Department of Physiopathology and Transplant, Milan University, Neuro ICU, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F Sforza, 35, Milan, Italy; Videtta, W., ICU Neurocritical Care, Hospital Nacional ‘Prof. a. Posadas’, El Palomar, Pcia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Armonda, R., Department of Neurosurgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Medstar Health, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, United States; Badjatia, N., Department of Neurology, University of Maryland Medical Center, 22 S Greene St, Baltimore, MD, United States; Böesel, J., Department of Neurology, Ruprecht-Karls University, Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, Germany; Chesnut, R., Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Mailstop 359766, 325 Ninth Ave, Seattle, WA, United States; Chou, S., Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, United States; Claassen, J., Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 177 Fort Washington Avenue, Milstein 8 Center room 300, New York, NY, United States; Czosnyka, M., Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 167, Cambridge, United Kingdom; De Georgia, M., Neurocritical Care Center, Cerebrovascular Center, University Hospital Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, United States; Figaji, A., University of Cape Town, 617 Institute for Child Health, Red Cross Children’s Hospital, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Fugate, J., Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Helbok, R., Neurocritical Care Unit, Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstr.35, Innsbruck, Austria; Horowitz, D., University of Pennsylvania Health System, 3701 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Hutchinson, P., Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 167, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Kumar, M., Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3 West Gates, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, United States; McNett, M., Nursing Research, The MetroHealth System, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH, United States; Miller, C., Division of Cerebrovascular Diseases and Neurocritical Care, The Ohio State University, 395W. 12th Ave, 7th Floor, Columbus, OH, United States; Naidech, A., Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg, SOM 710, N Lake Shore Drive, 11th floor, Chicago, IL, United States; Oddo, M., Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Biology and Medicine University of Lausanne, CHUV University Hospital, BH 08-623, Lausanne, Switzerland; Olson, D.W., Neurology, Neurotherapeutics and Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, United States; O’Phelan, K., Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, JMH, 1611 NW 12th Ave, Suite 405, Miami, FL, United States; Provencio, J.J., Cerebrovascular Center and Neuroinflammation Research Center, Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, NC30, Cleveland, OH, United States; Puppo, C., Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Clinicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Riker, R., Critical Care Medicine, Maine Medical Center, 22 Bramhall Street, Portland, Maine, United States; Robertson, C., Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neurosurgical Intensive Care, Ben Taub Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 1504 Taub Loop, Houston, TX, United States; Schmidt, M., Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Milstein Hospital 8 Garden South, Suite 331, 177 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, NY, United States; Taccone, F., Laboratoire de Recherche Experimentale, Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Route de Lennik, 808, Brussels, Belgium	Neurocritical care depends, in part, on careful patient monitoring but as yet there are little data on what processes are the most important to monitor, how these should be monitored, and whether monitoring these processes is cost-effective and impacts outcome. At the same time, bioinformatics is a rapidly emerging field in critical care but as yet there is little agreement or standardization on what information is important and how it should be displayed and analyzed. The Neurocritical Care Society in collaboration with the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, the Society for Critical Care Medicine, and the Latin America Brain Injury Consortium organized an international, multidisciplinary consensus conference to begin to address these needs. International experts from neurosurgery, neurocritical care, neurology, critical care, neuroanesthesiology, nursing, pharmacy, and informatics were recruited on the basis of their research, publication record, and expertise. They undertook a systematic literature review to develop recommendations about specific topics on physiologic processes important to the care of patients with disorders that require neurocritical care. This review does not make recommendations about treatment, imaging, and intraoperative monitoring. A multidisciplinary jury, selected for their expertise in clinical investigation and development of practice guidelines, guided this process. The GRADE system was used to develop recommendations based on literature review, discussion, integrating the literature with the participants’ collective experience, and critical review by an impartial jury. Emphasis was placed on the principle that recommendations should be based on both data quality and on trade-offs and translation into clinical practice. Strong consideration was given to providing pragmatic guidance and recommendations for bedside neuromonitoring, even in the absence of high quality data. © 2014, All content, design, text, and other materials are copyrighted by the Neurocritical Care Society (NCS). All rights reserved. Endorsed by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Latin American Brain Injury Consortium. This article is endorsed by the Eu.	Bioinformatics; Biomarkers; Brain metabolism; Brain oxygen; Brain physiology; Clinical guidelines; Clinical trials; Consensus development conference; Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE); Intracranial pressure; Microdia	Article; body temperature monitoring; brain blood flow; brain metabolism; brain perfusion; cell damage; cell degeneration; clinical protocol; consensus development; disease course; electroencephalography; energy expenditure; evidence based medicine; health care cost; health care quality; hemodynamic monitoring; hemoglobin determination; hemostasis; human; intensive care; intensive care unit; intracranial pressure monitoring; medical decision making; nervous system inflammation; neuroimaging; neurologic disease; neurologic examination; nutritional status; patient monitoring; practice guideline; priority journal; pulse oximetry; quality control	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925536464	The International Multidisciplinary Consensus Conference on Multimodality Monitoring in Neurocritical Care: A List of Recommendations and Additional Conclusions: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the Neurocritical Care Society and the European	Le Roux P., Menon D.K., Citerio G., Vespa P., Bader M.K., Brophy G., Diringer M.N., Stocchetti N., Videtta W., Armonda R., Badjatia N., Bösel J., Chesnut R., Chou S., Claassen J., Czosnyka M., De Georgia M., Figaji A., Fugate J., Helbok R., Horowitz D., H	2014	Neurocritical Care	21	2	10.1007/s12028-014-0077-6	Brain and Spine Center, Lankenau Medical Center, Suite 370, Medical Science Building, 100 East Lancaster Avenue, Wynnewood, PA, United States; Division of Anaesthesia, Neurosciences Critical Care Unit, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Box 93, Cambridge, United Kingdom; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Ospedale San Gerardo, Via Pergolesi 33, Monza, Italy; Neuro/Critical Care CNS Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo, CA, United States; Departments of Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science and Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia Campus 410 N. 12th Street, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Neurology, Neurocritical Care Section, Washington University, Campus Box 8111 660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO, United States; Department of Physiopathology and Transplant, Milan University, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale, Maggiore Policlinico, Via F Sforza 35, Milan, Italy; ICU Neurocritical Care, Hospital Nacional ‘Prof. a. Posadas’, El Palomar - Pcia, De Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurosurgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Medstar Health, 3800 Reservoir Road, NW Washington, DC, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Maryland Medical Center, 22 S Greene St, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Neurology Ruprect-Karls, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, Germany; Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Mailstop 359766, 325 Ninth Ave, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, 177 Fort Washington Avenue, Milstein 8 Center Room 300, New York, NY, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Box 167, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, United States; Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, 617 Institute for Child Health Red Cross Children’s Hospital Rondebosch, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Neurology, Neurocritical Care Unit Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstr.35, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Pennsylvania Health System, 3701 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Box 167, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3 West Gates 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, United States; The MetroHealth System, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH, United States; Division of Cerebrovascular Diseases and Neurocritical Care, The Ohio State University, 395 W. 12th Ave, 7th Floor, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Neurology Northwestern, University Feinberg SOM, 710 N Lake Shore Drive, 11th Floor, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine University of Lausanne, CHUV University Hospital, BH 08-623, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, Neurotherapeutics and Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine JMH, 1611 NW 12th Ave, Suite 405, Miami, FL, United States; Cerebrovascular Center and Neuroinflammation Research Center, Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, NC30, Cleveland, OH, United States; Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Clinicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Critical Care Medicine Maine Medical Center, 22 Bramhall Street, Portland, ME, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Ben Taub Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 1504 Taub Loop, Houston, TX, United States; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Milstein Hospital 8 Garden South, Suite 331 177 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, NY, United States; Laboratoire de Recherche Experimentale, Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Route de Lennik, Brussels, Belgium	Le Roux, P., Brain and Spine Center, Lankenau Medical Center, Suite 370, Medical Science Building, 100 East Lancaster Avenue, Wynnewood, PA, United States; Menon, D.K., Division of Anaesthesia, Neurosciences Critical Care Unit, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Box 93, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Citerio, G., Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Ospedale San Gerardo, Via Pergolesi 33, Monza, Italy; Vespa, P., David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Bader, M.K., Neuro/Critical Care CNS Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo, CA, United States; Brophy, G., Departments of Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science and Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia Campus 410 N. 12th Street, Richmond, VA, United States; Diringer, M.N., Department of Neurology, Neurocritical Care Section, Washington University, Campus Box 8111 660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO, United States; Stocchetti, N., Department of Physiopathology and Transplant, Milan University, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale, Maggiore Policlinico, Via F Sforza 35, Milan, Italy; Videtta, W., ICU Neurocritical Care, Hospital Nacional ‘Prof. a. Posadas’, El Palomar - Pcia, De Buenos Aires, Argentina; Armonda, R., Department of Neurosurgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Medstar Health, 3800 Reservoir Road, NW Washington, DC, United States; Badjatia, N., Department of Neurology, University of Maryland Medical Center, 22 S Greene St, Baltimore, MD, United States; Bösel, J., Department of Neurology Ruprect-Karls, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, Germany; Chesnut, R., Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Mailstop 359766, 325 Ninth Ave, Seattle, WA, United States; Chou, S., Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, United States; Claassen, J., Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, 177 Fort Washington Avenue, Milstein 8 Center Room 300, New York, NY, United States; Czosnyka, M., Department of Neurosurgery, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Box 167, Cambridge, United Kingdom; De Georgia, M., Department of Neurology, University Hospital Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, United States; Figaji, A., Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, 617 Institute for Child Health Red Cross Children’s Hospital Rondebosch, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Fugate, J., Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, United States; Helbok, R., Department of Neurology, Neurocritical Care Unit Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstr.35, Innsbruck, Austria; Horowitz, D., University of Pennsylvania Health System, 3701 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Hutchinson, P., Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Box 167, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Kumar, M., Department of Neurology Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3 West Gates 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, United States; McNett, M., The MetroHealth System, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH, United States; Miller, C., Division of Cerebrovascular Diseases and Neurocritical Care, The Ohio State University, 395 W. 12th Ave, 7th Floor, Columbus, OH, United States; Naidech, A., Department of Neurology Northwestern, University Feinberg SOM, 710 N Lake Shore Drive, 11th Floor, Chicago, IL, United States; Oddo, M., Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine University of Lausanne, CHUV University Hospital, BH 08-623, Lausanne, Switzerland; Olson, D.W., Department of Neurology, Neurotherapeutics and Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, United States; O’Phelan, K., Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine JMH, 1611 NW 12th Ave, Suite 405, Miami, FL, United States; Provencio, J.J., Cerebrovascular Center and Neuroinflammation Research Center, Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, NC30, Cleveland, OH, United States; Puppo, C., Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Clinicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Riker, R., Critical Care Medicine Maine Medical Center, 22 Bramhall Street, Portland, ME, United States; Roberson, C., Department of Neurosurgery, Ben Taub Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 1504 Taub Loop, Houston, TX, United States; Schmidt, M., Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Milstein Hospital 8 Garden South, Suite 331 177 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, NY, United States; Taccone, F., Laboratoire de Recherche Experimentale, Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Route de Lennik, Brussels, Belgium	Careful patient monitoring using a variety of techniques including clinical and laboratory evaluation, bedside physiological monitoring with continuous or non-continuous techniques and imaging is fundamental to the care of patients who require neurocritical care. How best to perform and use bedside monitoring is still being elucidated. To create a basic platform for care and a foundation for further research the Neurocritical Care Society in collaboration with the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, the Society for Critical Care Medicine and the Latin America Brain Injury Consortium organized an international, multidisciplinary consensus conference to develop recommendations about physiologic bedside monitoring. This supplement contains a Consensus Summary Statement with recommendations and individual topic reviews as a background to the recommendations. In this article, we highlight the recommendations and provide additional conclusions as an aid to the reader and to facilitate bedside care. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Bio-informatics; Biomarkers; Brain metabolism; Brain oxygen; Brain physiology; Clinical guidelines; Clinical trials; Consensus development conference; Grading of recommendations assessment development and evaluation (GRADE); Intracranial pressure; Microdi	blood gas analysis; brain circulation; Brain Injuries; clinical protocol; consensus; electroencephalography; hospital information system; human; intensive care; international cooperation; intracranial pressure; medical society; neurophysiological monitoring; pathophysiology; patient selection; physiology; Blood Gas Analysis; Brain Injuries; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Clinical Protocols; Consensus; Electroencephalography; Humans; Intensive Care; Internationality; Intracranial Pressure; Neurophysiological Monitoring; Patient Selection; Point-of-Care Systems; Societies, Medical	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925492982	The International Multidisciplinary Consensus Conference on Multimodality Monitoring in Neurocritical Care: Evidentiary Tables: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals from the Neurocritical Care Society and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicin	Le Roux P., Menon D.K., Citerio G., Vespa P., Bader M.K., Brophy G., Diringer M.N., Stocchetti N., Videtta W., Armonda R., Badjatia N., Bösel J., Chesnut R., Chou S., Claassen J., Czosnyka M., De Georgia M., Figaji A., Fugate J., Helbok R., Horowitz D., H	2014	Neurocritical Care	21	2	10.1007/s12028-014-0081-x	Brain and Spine Center, Suite 370, Medical Science Building, Lankenau Medical Center, 100 East Lancaster Avenue, Wynnewood, PA, United States; Neurosciences Critical Care Unit, Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 93, Cambridge, United Kingdom; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; NeuroIntensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Ospedale San Gerardo, Via Pergolesi 33, Monza, Italy; Neuro/Critical Care CNS, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo, CA, United States; Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia Campus, 410 N. 12th Street, Richmond, VA, United States; Neurocritical Care Section, Washington University, Department of Neurology, Campus Box 8111, 660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO, United States; Department of Physiopathology and Transplant, Milan University, Neuro ICU, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F Sforza, 35, Milan, Italy; ICU Neurocritical Care, Hospital Nacional ‘Prof. a. Posadas’, El Palomar, Pcia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurosurgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Medstar Health, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Maryland Medical Center, 22 S Greene St, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Neurology, Ruprect-Karls University, Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, Germany; Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Mailstop 359766, 325 Ninth Ave, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, United States; Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, 177 Fort Washington Avenue, Milstein 8 Center Room 300, New York, NY, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 167, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University Hospital Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, United States; University of Cape Town, 617 Institute for Child Health, Red Cross Children’s Hospital, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Neurology, Neurocritical Care Unit, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstr.35, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Pennsylvania Health System, 3701 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Box 167 Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3 West Gates, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Nursing Research, The MetroHealth System, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH, United States; Division of Cerebrovascular Diseases and Neurocritical Care, The Ohio State University, 395W. 12th Ave, 7th Floor, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg, SOM 710, N Lake Shore Drive, 11th Floor, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Biology and Medicine University of Lausanne, CHUV University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; University of Texas Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, JMH, 1611 NW 12th Ave, Suite 405, Miami, FL, United States; Cerebrovascular Center and Neuroinflammation Research Center, Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, NC30, Cleveland, OH, United States; Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Clinicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Critical Care Medicine, Maine Medical Center, 22 Bramhall Street, Portland, ME, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Ben Taub Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 1504 Taub Loop, Houston, TX, United States; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Milstein Hospital 8 Garden South, Suite 331, 177 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, NY, United States; Department of Intensive Care, Laboratoire de Recherche Experimentale, Erasme Hospital, Route de Lennik, 808, Brussels, Belgium	Le Roux, P., Brain and Spine Center, Suite 370, Medical Science Building, Lankenau Medical Center, 100 East Lancaster Avenue, Wynnewood, PA, United States; Menon, D.K., Neurosciences Critical Care Unit, Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 93, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Citerio, G., NeuroIntensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Ospedale San Gerardo, Via Pergolesi 33, Monza, Italy; Vespa, P., David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Bader, M.K., Neuro/Critical Care CNS, Mission Hospital, Mission Viejo, CA, United States; Brophy, G., Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia Campus, 410 N. 12th Street, Richmond, VA, United States; Diringer, M.N., Neurocritical Care Section, Washington University, Department of Neurology, Campus Box 8111, 660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO, United States; Stocchetti, N., Department of Physiopathology and Transplant, Milan University, Neuro ICU, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F Sforza, 35, Milan, Italy; Videtta, W., ICU Neurocritical Care, Hospital Nacional ‘Prof. a. Posadas’, El Palomar, Pcia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Armonda, R., Department of Neurosurgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Medstar Health, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, United States; Badjatia, N., Department of Neurology, University of Maryland Medical Center, 22 S Greene St, Baltimore, MD, United States; Bösel, J., Department of Neurology, Ruprect-Karls University, Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, Germany; Chesnut, R., Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Mailstop 359766, 325 Ninth Ave, Seattle, WA, United States; Chou, S., Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, United States; Claassen, J., Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, 177 Fort Washington Avenue, Milstein 8 Center Room 300, New York, NY, United States; Czosnyka, M., Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 167, Cambridge, United Kingdom; De Georgia, M., University Hospital Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, United States; Figaji, A., University of Cape Town, 617 Institute for Child Health, Red Cross Children’s Hospital, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Fugate, J., Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, United States; Helbok, R., Department of Neurology, Neurocritical Care Unit, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstr.35, Innsbruck, Austria; Horowitz, D., University of Pennsylvania Health System, 3701 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Hutchinson, P., Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Box 167 Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Kumar, M., Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3 West Gates, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, United States; McNett, M., Nursing Research, The MetroHealth System, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH, United States; Miller, C., Division of Cerebrovascular Diseases and Neurocritical Care, The Ohio State University, 395W. 12th Ave, 7th Floor, Columbus, OH, United States; Naidech, A., Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg, SOM 710, N Lake Shore Drive, 11th Floor, Chicago, IL, United States; Oddo, M., Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Biology and Medicine University of Lausanne, CHUV University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Olson, D.W., University of Texas Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, United States; O’Phelan, K., Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, JMH, 1611 NW 12th Ave, Suite 405, Miami, FL, United States; Javier Provencio, J., Cerebrovascular Center and Neuroinflammation Research Center, Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, NC30, Cleveland, OH, United States; Puppo, C., Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Clinicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Riker, R., Critical Care Medicine, Maine Medical Center, 22 Bramhall Street, Portland, ME, United States; Roberson, C., Department of Neurosurgery, Ben Taub Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 1504 Taub Loop, Houston, TX, United States; Schmidt, M., Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Milstein Hospital 8 Garden South, Suite 331, 177 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, NY, United States; Taccone, F., Department of Intensive Care, Laboratoire de Recherche Experimentale, Erasme Hospital, Route de Lennik, 808, Brussels, Belgium	A variety of technologies have been developed to assist decision-making during the management of patients with acute brain injury who require intensive care. A large body of research has been generated describing these various technologies. The Neurocritical Care Society (NCS) in collaboration with the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM), the Society for Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), and the Latin America Brain Injury Consortium (LABIC) organized an international, multidisciplinary consensus conference to perform a systematic review of the published literature to help develop evidence-based practice recommendations on bedside physiologic monitoring. This supplement contains a Consensus Summary Statement with recommendations and individual topic reviews on physiologic processes important in the care of acute brain injury. In this article we provide the evidentiary tables for select topics including systemic hemodynamics, intracranial pressure, brain and systemic oxygenation, EEG, brain metabolism, biomarkers, processes of care and monitoring in emerging economies to provide the clinician ready access to evidence that supports recommendations about neuromonitoring. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Bio-informatics; Biomarkers; Brain metabolism; Brain oxygen; Brain physiology; Clinical guidelines; Clinical trials; Consensus development conference; Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE); Intracranial pressure; Microdi	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901608562	Evaluation of soil corrosivity and aquifer protective capacity using geoelectrical investigation in Bwari basement complex area, Abuja	Adeniji A.E., Omonona O.V., Obiora D.N., Chukudebelu J.U.	2014	Journal of Earth System Science	123	3	10.1007/s12040-014-0416-1	Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Adeniji, A.E., Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Omonona, O.V., Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Obiora, D.N., Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Chukudebelu, J.U., Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Bwari is one of the six municipal area councils of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja with its attendant growing population and infrastructural developments. Groundwater is the main source of water supply in the area, and urbanization and industrialization are the predominant contributors of contaminants to the hydrological systems. In order to guarantee a continuous supply of potable water, there is a need to investigate the vulnerability of the aquifers to contaminants emanating from domestic and industrial wastes. A total of 20 vertical electrical soundings using Schlumberger electrode array with a maximum half current electrodes separation of 300 m was employed. The results show that the area is characterized by 3-6 geoelectric subsurface layers. The measured overburden thickness ranges from 1.0 to 24.3 m, with a mean value of 7.4 m. The resistivity and longitudinal conductance of the overburden units range from 18 to 11,908 Ωm and 0.047 to 0.875 mhos, respectively. Areas considered as high corrosivity are the central parts with ρ < 180 Ωm. The characteristic longitudinal unit conductance was used to classify the area into zones of good (0.7-4.49 mhos), moderate (0.2-0.69 mhos), weak (0.1- 0.19 mhos), and poor (<0.1) aquifer protective capacity. Zones characterized by materials of moderate to good protective capacity serve as sealing potential for the underlying hydrogeological system in the area. This study is aimed at delineating zones that are very prone to groundwater contamination from surface contaminants and subsurface soils that are corrosive to utility pipes buried underground. Hence the findings of this work will constitute part of the tools for groundwater development and management and structural/infrastructural development planning of the area. © Indian Academy of Sciences.	Aquifer protective capacity; Bwari; Corrosion; Longitudinal unit conductance; Vertical electric sounding	aquifer; corrosion; electrode; geoelectric field; groundwater pollution; industrialization; soil property; urbanization; vertical electrical sounding; water supply; Abuja [Nigeria]; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925701747	Impact of size and temperature on thermal expansion of nanomaterials	Singh M., Singh M.	2015	Pramana - Journal of Physics	84	4	10.1007/s12043-014-0844-0	Department of Physics and Electronics, National University of Lesotho, Z-Lesotho, South Africa; Department of Physics, Government College, Bageshwar, India	Singh, M., Department of Physics and Electronics, National University of Lesotho, Z-Lesotho, South Africa; Singh, M., Department of Physics, Government College, Bageshwar, India	A theoretical method has been discussed to study the size dependency of thermal expansion of nanomaterials at higher temperature by considering the surface effect. A thermodynamical analysis of the equation of state (EoS) is studied from the knowledge of thermal expansion of nanomaterials based on theoretical thermodynamical relations. It is observed that thermal expansion coefficient increases with decrease in grain size whereas, V/V0 increases with increase in temperature for nanomaterials of different grain sizes. We have studied the size and temperature dependence of thermal expansion of Cu, Ag, Ni, Sn, Se and Zn nanomaterials in different shapes (spherical, nanowire and nanofilm). The available experimental data confirm these theoretical predictions that demonstrate the validity of our work.	Equation of state; Nanomaterials; Size effect; Thermal expansion	Equations of state; Grain size and shape; Nanostructured materials; Nanowires; Temperature distribution; Different shapes; Equation of state; Size effects; Temperature dependence; Theoretical methods; Thermal expansion coefficients; Thermodynamical; Thermodynamical analysis; Thermal expansion	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350188339	Impact of commonly used agrochemicals on bacterial diversity in cultivated soils	Ampofo J.A., Tetteh W., Bello M.	2009	Indian Journal of Microbiology	49	3	10.1007/s12088-009-0042-9	Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Water Research Institute, CSIR-WRI, P. O. Box M 32, Accra, Ghana	Ampofo, J.A., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Water Research Institute, CSIR-WRI, P. O. Box M 32, Accra, Ghana; Tetteh, W., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Water Research Institute, CSIR-WRI, P. O. Box M 32, Accra, Ghana; Bello, M., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Water Research Institute, CSIR-WRI, P. O. Box M 32, Accra, Ghana	The effects of three selected agrochemicals on bacterial diversity in cultivated soil have been studied. The selected agrochemicals are Cerox (an insecticide), Ceresate and Paraquat (both herbicides). The effect on bacterial population was studied by looking at the total heterotrophic bacteria presence and the effect of the agrochemicals on some selected soil microbes. The soil type used was loamy with pH of 6.0-7.0. The soil was placed in opaque pots and bambara bean (Vigna subterranean) seeds cultivated in them. The agrochemicals were applied two weeks after germination of seeds at concentrations based on manufacturer's recommendation. Plant growth was assessed by weekly measurement of plant height, foliage appearance and number of nodules formed after one month. The results indicated that the diversity index (Di) among the bacteria populations in untreated soil and that of Cerox-treated soils were high with mean diversity index above 0.95. Mean Di for Ceresate-treated soil was 0.88, and that for Paraquattreated soil was 0.85 indicating low bacterial populations in these treatment-type soils. The study also showed that application of the agrochemicals caused reduction in the number of total heterotrophic bacteria population sizes in the soil. Ceresate caused 82.50% reduction in bacteria number from a mean of 40 × 105 cfu g-1 of soil sample to 70 × 104 cfu g-1. Paraquat-treated soil showed 92.86% reduction, from a mean of 56 × 105 cfu g-1 to 40 × 104 cfu g-1. Application of Cerox to the soil did not have any remarkable reduction in bacterial population number. Total viable cell count studies using Congo red yeast-extract mannitol agar indicated reduction in the number of Rhizobium spp. after application of the agrochemicals. Mean number of Rhizobium population numbers per gram of soil was 180 × 104 for the untreated soil. Cerox-treated soil recorded mean number of 138 × 104 rhizobial cfu g-1 of soil, a 23.33% reduction. Ceresate- and Paraquat-treated soils recorded 20 × 104 and 12 × 104 cfu g-1 of soil, respectively, representing 88.89% and 93.33% reduction in Rhizobium population numbers. Correspondingly, the mean number of nodules per plant was 44 for the growth in untreated soil, 30 for the plant in the Cerox-treated soil, 8 for the plant in Paraquat-treated soil and 3 for the plant in Ceresate-treated soil. The study has confirmed detrimental effect of insecticide on bacterial populations in the soil. Total heterotrophic counts, rhizobial counts as well as the number of nodules of all samples taken from the chemically treated soils were all low as compared to values obtained for the untreated soil. However, the effect of the insecticide was minimal in all cases as compared to the effects of the herbicides on the soil fauna. Indiscriminate use of agrochemicals on farms can therefore affect soil flora and subsequently food production. © Association of Microbiologists of India 2009.	Agrochemicals; Diversity index; Rhizobium	Bacteria (microorganisms); Bambara; Rhizobium; Vigna subterranea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36949001095	Do working children have worse academic performance?	Fetuga M.B., Njokanma O.F., Ogunlesi T.A.	2007	Indian Journal of Pediatrics	74	10	10.1007/s12098-007-0172-1	Department of Paediatrics, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu, Nigeria; Department of Paediatrics, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu, P.O. Box 358, Sagamu 121001, Nigeria	Fetuga, M.B., Department of Paediatrics, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu, Nigeria, Department of Paediatrics, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu, P.O. Box 358, Sagamu 121001, Nigeria; Njokanma, O.F., Department of Paediatrics, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu, Nigeria; Ogunlesi, T.A., Department of Paediatrics, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu, Nigeria	Objective. To examine the effect of child labor on school children's academic performance. Methods. Primary school children engaged in child labor were compared with age, sex and school-matched controls for absence from school and scores obtained at sessional examination in English language, Mathematics, Sciences and Social studies. Results. There was no significant difference in the mean rate of school absence (p = 0.80), mean aggregate examination scores (p = 0.1) and proportion of class repeaters (p = 0.16) among working school children and the controls. However, a significantly higher proportion of the controls had high (>75%) average examination scores compared with the working school children (p = 0.017). Similarly, the controls performed better than working school childre nin each of four core subjects but significant differences were observed only in Social Studies and Science (p = 0.006 and 0.001 respectively). Conclusion. There is some undermining of academic performance among children who combine schooling with child labor despite comparable school absence with the controls. © 2007 Dr. K C Chaudhuri Foundation.	Academic performance; Child labor	academic achievement; article; child; controlled study; human; job performance; major clinical study; primary school; Absenteeism; Chi-Square Distribution; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Developing Countries; Educational Status; Employment; Female; Humans; Male; Nigeria; Underachievement	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36049004040	Social and cultural significance of the sexual cleansing ritual and its impact on HIV prevention strategies in western Kenya	Ayikukwei R.M., Ngare D., Sidle J.E., Ayuku D.O., Baliddawa J., Greene J.Y.	2007	Sexuality and Culture	11	3	10.1007/s12119-007-9010-x	School of Medicine, AMPATH Program, Moi University, P.O. Box 4606, Eldoret 30100, Kenya; School of Medicine, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; School of Public Health, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States	Ayikukwei, R.M., School of Medicine, AMPATH Program, Moi University, P.O. Box 4606, Eldoret 30100, Kenya; Ngare, D., School of Medicine, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya, School of Public Health, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Sidle, J.E., School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Ayuku, D.O., School of Medicine, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya, School of Public Health, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Baliddawa, J., School of Medicine, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya, School of Public Health, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Greene, J.Y., School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States	Traditional cultural practices and sexual rituals have an important role in the life and structure of tribal groups within Kenya. These cultural practices and rituals also play a significant role in the spread of HIV. The purpose of this descriptive qualitative study was to document the underlying social and cultural significance of the sexual cleansing ritual and to assess its impact on HIV prevention strategies. The study participants were selected by purposive and snowball sampling. Data were collected using in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and observations; they were analyzed using content analysis. The article gives detailed explanations of the meanings and symbols of the ritual in its cultural context as a ritual of social transition. Sexual intercourse is perceived as a sacred rite when performed as a ritual. It is associated with most social cultural activities like planting, harvesting, weddings and burial ceremonies. The underlying intention of this ritual is to cleanse evil spirits and to sanctify. Widows who are not cleansed are ostracized and discriminated. The continued practice of the ritual is perpetuated by a shared common belief system that affects social interactions of the community members. Widows and cleansers are believed to be purveyors of the HIV virus. The ritual encourages unprotected sex with multiple partners. These are barriers to HIV prevention strategies that are aimed at changing sexual behaviors.	Culture; HIV/AIDS; Rituals; Sexual behaviors; Sexual cleansing; Symbols	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548414867	Cape Town and the two oceans marathon: The impact of sport tourism	Kotze N.	2006	Urban Forum	17	3	10.1007/s12132-006-0013-8	Department of Geography, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	Kotze, N., Department of Geography, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	[No abstract available]	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79956313431	Maximising the Local Pro-Poor Impacts of Dive Tourism: Sodwana Bay, South Africa	Mograbi J., Rogerson C.M.	2007	Urban Forum	18	2	10.1007/s12132-007-9002-9	School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Mograbi, J., School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Rogerson, C.M., School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	This article examines the local impacts of dive tourism in a South African case study, namely Sodwana Bay in Maputaland, KwaZulu-Natal province. Using extensive primary research interviews with key tourism stakeholders and local product owners, dive tourism at Sodwana Bay is considered an example of niche tourism in small-town South Africa. It is argued that opportunities exist for extending local pro-poor impacts if several challenges are addressed concerning improved skill levels, the institutional environment and extending local small business opportunities. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Local development; Small business development	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-42549097736	Creating an African Riviera: Revisiting the Impact of the Victoria and Alfred Waterfront Development in Cape Town	Ferreira S., Visser G.	2007	Urban Forum	18	3	10.1007/s12132-007-9008-3	Department of Geology, Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Department of Geography, University of Free States, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Ferreira, S., Department of Geology, Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Visser, G., Department of Geography, University of Free States, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	The use of leisure and tourism to re-image and redevelop cities has been interpreted as a mechanism for attracting capital and people. In a period of intense inter-place competition and urban entrepreneurialism, whole built environments become centerpieces of urban spectacle and display. Waterfront developments have become emblematic in this regard. Over the past two decades the redevelopment of the Victoria and Alfred Waterfront (V&AW) in Cape Town has been transformed from 'port' to 'playground' and is internationally acknowledged as one of the most successful of these developments. This redevelopment has, as has been the case with numerous other waterfront developments, not been uncontroversial. New tensions and conflicts have arisen over the use, meaning, and ownership of this space. The acquisition of the waterfront by a consortium of London- and Dubai-based property developers in 2006 has renewed concerns about the 'plasticization' of the waterfront and signals the symbolic start of a new phase in this waterfront's development trajectory. The paper tracks the development of the V&AW since its inception in the late 1980s and argues that general critiques of waterfront developments sit uneasily in the Cape Town context. It is also suggested that these developments can fulfil a very significant and positive role for developing world cities. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Cape Town; South Africa; Urban regeneration; Urban renewal; V&A Waterfront	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857643664	Creative Industries, Inequality and Social Development: Developments, Impacts and Challenges in Cape Town	Booyens I.	2012	Urban Forum	23	1	10.1007/s12132-012-9140-6	Centre for Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators, Human Sciences Research Council, Private Bag X9182, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa	Booyens, I., Centre for Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators, Human Sciences Research Council, Private Bag X9182, Cape Town 8000, South Africa, Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa	Creative industries are often regarded as avenues for urban regeneration, economic development and job creation. The growth of creative industries is linked to post-Fordist economic restructuring in cities. As a result, the economic base of cities has moved away from manufacturing to knowledge-intensive and service-based industries. While countries in the Global South generally contribute marginally to the global economy, some countries are seeking to enhance their competitiveness in the global environment and gain from opportunities presented by the creative economy. Policymakers in the Global South have therefore adopted creative industry policies, and often link these to social development outcomes. However, this presents various challenges. The literature indicates that creative industries can exacerbate existing inequalities and marginalise working class residents. Furthermore, the benefits of creative urban renewal do not necessarily reach poor communities. This paper contributes to debates regarding the role of creative industries in the urban economies of cities in the Global South. This reflects on the impacts of creative urban renewal, and the implications for social development and policy. It also considers recent development and challenges around creative industry promotion in Cape Town, with specific reference to the city-fringe neighbourhood of Woodstock. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Cities; Creative industries; Gentrification; Inequality; Post-industrial; Urban renewal	economic development; gentrification; global economy; industrial production; literature review; neighborhood; policy making; resident population; social development; social policy; urban economy; urban renewal; Cape Town; South Africa; Western Cape	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886792427	The Impact of Mine Downscaling on the Free State Goldfields	Marais L.	2013	Urban Forum	24	4	10.1007/s12132-013-9191-3	Centre for Development Support, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Marais, L., Centre for Development Support, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Mine downscaling is a common international phenomenon; and the deindustrialisation related to mining that occurred in the global north between 1960 and 1990 has been the focus of numerous studies. Mine downscaling in Africa, and more specifically in South Africa, has only risen to prominence in the last two decades. This paper examines the consequences of mine downscaling in the Free State Goldfields of South Africa, against the background of similar impacts in the international arena. Although many of the experiences recorded in the case study mirror the international experience, it is argued that it is probably unrealistic to expect local attempts alone to address mine downscaling, since the magnitude of such downscaling, as described in the paper, is too vast. Subsequently, the paper argues in favour of local partnerships, but with a national strategy for locations that have been affected by the impact of mine downscaling. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Free State Goldfields; Impacts; Matjhabeng; Mine closure; Mine downscaling	closure; deindustrialization; downscaling; gold mine; mining; national strategy; Free State; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919641680	The Diffusion and Impacts of Information and Communication Technology on Tourism in the Western Cape, South Africa	Anwar M.A., Carmody P., Surborg B., Corcoran A.	2013	Urban Forum	25	4	10.1007/s12132-013-9210-4	Department of Geography, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; School of Tourism and Hospitality, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Commission for Aviation Regulation, Dublin, Ireland	Anwar, M.A., Department of Geography, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, School of Tourism and Hospitality, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Carmody, P., Department of Geography, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Surborg, B., Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Corcoran, A., Commission for Aviation Regulation, Dublin, Ireland	Two features of the globalising economy are its technological dynamism and its increasing service orientation. International tourism is an important element of the “new economy” of globalisation, as are new information and communication technologies. The relations between these two central elements of the reconfiguring world system have been under-theorised. Based on extensive primary fieldwork in Western Cape Province, South Africa, this paper explores the impact of new information and communication technologies on tourism development. It finds that, while these new technologies are extensively used in marketing and booking, in particular, foreign-owned websites have established a dominant command and control function, thereby replicating previous patterns of economic extraversion. © 2013, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Information and communication technologies; South Africa; Tourism	fieldwork; globalization; information and communication technology; international tourism; marketing; tourism development; World Wide Web; South Africa; Western Cape	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938204432	Urban Impacts of Resource Booms: the Emergence of Oil-Led Gentrification in Sekondi-Takoradi, Ghana	Eduful A., Hooper M.	2015	Urban Forum	26	3	10.1007/s12132-015-9257-5	Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Administration Block II, 2nd Floor, UPO PMB, Kumasi, Ghana; Graduate School of Design, Harvard University, 401A Gund Hall, 48 Quincy Street, Cambridge, MA, United States	Eduful, A., Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Administration Block II, 2nd Floor, UPO PMB, Kumasi, Ghana; Hooper, M., Graduate School of Design, Harvard University, 401A Gund Hall, 48 Quincy Street, Cambridge, MA, United States	Existing research on resource booms and their impacts has largely focused at the national level and been undertaken from an economic perspective, primarily through the lens of the resource curse. This study investigates an emergent resource boom in Ghana, where oil was discovered in 2007. Given the considerable existing research on national-level impacts of resource extraction, this study looks at the urban impacts of oil exploitation on the city of Sekondi-Takoradi, the largest urban settlement closest to the nation’s offshore oil fields. Drawing on detailed questionnaires completed by 636 people across multiple neighbourhoods, the study examines how oil discovery and exploitation have impacted the city. The study finds that many of the changes facing Sekondi-Takoradi can be understood in light of gentrification theory. This is important because there has been considerable debate over the extent to which models of gentrification, largely forged in the developed world, are relevant in the developing world. The findings of this study extend existing knowledge by not only connecting resource booms to processes of urban gentrification in Sub-Saharan Africa but by also demonstrating that multiple forms of gentrification take place simultaneously in these conditions. The paper concludes by suggesting several avenues through which planners and policymakers might better prepare for the kinds of urban changes that are likely to result from developing world resource booms. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Gentrification; Ghana; Natural resources; Oil; Sekondi-Takoradi; Urban	developing world; exploitation; gentrification; natural resource; neighborhood; numerical model; oil field; policy making; urban economy; urban policy; Ghana; Sekondi-Takoradi; Sub-Saharan Africa; Western Region	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879840172	Perceptions of the Impact of Refugees on Host Communities: The Case of Liberian Refugees in Ghana	Codjoe S.N.A., Quartey P., Tagoe C.A., Reed H.E.	2013	Journal of International Migration and Integration	14	3	10.1007/s12134-012-0249-1	Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 96, Legon, Ghana; Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 74, Legon, Ghana; CUNY Institute for Demographic Research and Department of Sociology, Queens College, City University of New York (CUNY), New York,11367, United States	Codjoe, S.N.A., Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 96, Legon, Ghana; Quartey, P., Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 74, Legon, Ghana; Tagoe, C.A., Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 74, Legon, Ghana; Reed, H.E., CUNY Institute for Demographic Research and Department of Sociology, Queens College, City University of New York (CUNY), New York,11367, United States	This paper analyses the effects of the presence of Liberian refugees on cost of goods/services and business activities, pressure on resources/facilities, social vices and environmental activities based on perceptions (although attempts have been made to buttress the perceptions with information from focus group discussions) of hosts and refugees. The analysis included gender and type of occupation from within and among the groups. The aim was to ascertain whether the presence of refugees are viewed as having positive, negative or mixed impacts. Data are from 10 focus group discussions and 120 household surveys undertaken in April 2007. Results show that although there are gender and occupational differentials, host communities contend that refugees have increased the costs of goods and services, brought pressure on facilities, increased social vices and deteriorated environmental resources. However, refugees are viewed as a source of income and market, and trade partners, who have brought a lot of infrastructural developments. Thus, one can describe refugee presence as having mixed impacts. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Environmental activities; Gender; Goods and services; Impact; Liberian refugees; Perceptions; Social vices	gender relations; international migration; occupation; perception; refugee; Ghana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84894311212	Cloud computing and virtualization within the regional climate model and evaluation system	Mattmann C.A., Waliser D., Kim J., Goodale C., Hart A., Ramirez P., Crichton D., Zimdars P., Boustani M., Lee K., Loikith P., Whitehall K., Jack C., Hewitson B.	2014	Earth Science Informatics	7	1	10.1007/s12145-013-0126-2	Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; UCLA JIFRESSE, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Howard University, WA, DC, United States; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; University of Cape Town, South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa	Mattmann, C.A., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States, UCLA JIFRESSE, Los Angeles, CA, United States, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Waliser, D., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States, UCLA JIFRESSE, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Kim, J., UCLA JIFRESSE, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Goodale, C., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Hart, A., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Ramirez, P., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Crichton, D., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Zimdars, P., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Boustani, M., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Lee, K., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Loikith, P., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Whitehall, K., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States, Howard University, WA, DC, United States; Jack, C., University of Cape Town, South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa; Hewitson, B., University of Cape Town, South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa	The Regional Climate Model Evaluation System (RCMES) facilitates the rapid, flexible inclusion of NASA observations into climate model evaluations. RCMES provides two fundamental components. A database (RCMED) is a scalable point-oriented cloud database used to elastically store remote sensing observations and to make them available using a space time query interface. The analysis toolkit (RCMET) is a Python-based toolkit that can be delivered as a cloud virtual machine, or as an installer package deployed using Python Buildout to users in order to allow for temporal and spatial regridding, metrics calculation (RMSE, bias, PDFs, etc.) and end-user visualization. RCMET is available to users in an "offline", lone scientist mode based on a virtual machine dynamically constructed with model outputs and observations to evaluate; or on an institution's computational cluster seated close to the observations and model outputs. We have leveraged RCMES within the content of the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) project, working with the University of Cape Town and other institutions to compare the model output to NASA remote sensing data; in addition we are also working with the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP). In this paper we explain the contribution of cloud computing to RCMES's specifically describing studies of various cloud databases we evaluated for RCMED, and virtualization toolkits for RCMET, and their potential strengths in delivering user-created dynamic regional climate model evaluation virtual machines for our users. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Apache; Hadoop; Hive; MongoDB; OODT; RCMES; Regional Climate Modeling; Sqoop	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903646974	Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Followed by Capillary High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for the Determination of Six Sulfonylurea Herbicides in Fruit Juices	Gure A., Lara F.J., Megersa N., del Olmo-Iruela M., García-Campaña A.M.	2014	Food Analytical Methods	7	7	10.1007/s12161-013-9775-5	Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain; Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Gure, A., Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain, Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Lara, F.J., Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain; Megersa, N., Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; del Olmo-Iruela, M., Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain; García-Campaña, A.M., Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain	In this study a simple, rapid, and efficient method has been developed for the determination of six sulfonylurea herbicides (SUHs): triasulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, chlorsulfuron, flazasulfuron, chlorimuron-ethyl, and primisulfuron-methyl in commercial grape and apple juice samples, using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with capillary high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. Various parameters that influence the extraction efficiency, such as the type and volume of extraction and disperser solvents, sample pH, and salt addition, were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, limits of detection and quantification of the method were in the ranges of 2-9 and 8-29 μg L-1, respectively, lower than the maximum residue limits set by the European Union for the raw fruits, such as grape and apple. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations varied from 1.0 to 8.2 and 1.8 to 9.8 %, respectively, with recoveries between 72.0 and 109.5 % for commercial grape (both white and red) and apple juice samples, showing satisfactory accuracy for the determination of SUHs in fruit juices. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Capillary HPLC/DAD; Commercial grape and apple juice samples; Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction; Sulfonylurea herbicides	Chromatography; Fruit juices; Herbicides; High performance liquid chromatography; Weed control; Apple juice; Capillary high-performance liquid chromatography; Capillary HPLC; Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction; Extraction efficiencies; Maximum residue limits; Relative standard deviations; Sulfonylurea herbicides; Solvent extraction; Malus x domestica; Vitaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938291098	Modified QuEChERS Method for the Determination of Multiclass Pesticide Residues in Fruit Samples Utilizing High-Performance Liquid Chromatography	Bedassa T., Gure A., Megersa N.	2015	Food Analytical Methods	8	8	10.1007/s12161-014-0081-7	Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Chemistry, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia	Bedassa, T., Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Gure, A., Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Department of Chemistry, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Megersa, N., Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	A modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method (QuEChERS) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with variable wavelength detector (VWD) has been developed for the quantitative determination of six multiclass pesticide residues including atrazine, ametryn, and terbutryn among herbicides; methidathion and carbaryl among insecticides; and chlorothalonil which is a fungicide. The QuEChERS extraction method developed was aimed to extract and preconcentrate the target analytes from selected fruits such as tomato, watermelon, and papaya samples. Various experimental parameters affecting the extraction efficiency of the method including the use of dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) cleanup, types and amount of salts, sample size, and composition as well as volume of the extraction solvent, acetonitrile, were optimized. Under the optimum experimental conditions, matrix-matched calibration curves were constructed using the tomato sample as the representative matrix and good linearity, over wide concentration ranges, was obtained with a coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.990 or better. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of the proposed method were in the ranges of 1.7–3.3 and 5.8–11.1 μg kg−1, lower than the maximum residue limits set by the European Union for the raw fruits, such as tomato, watermelon, and papaya. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the intra- and inter-day precision studies were varied over the range of 0.2–11.7 %. The proposed method was successfully applied to different fruit samples, and satisfactory recoveries, ranging from 78 to 118 %, were obtained. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Fruit samples; High-performance liquid chromatography; Multiclass pesticide residues; QuEChERS	Chromatography; Fruits; Herbicides; High performance liquid chromatography; Insecticides; Liquid chromatography; Liquids; Organic solvents; Pesticides; Phase separation; Dispersive solid phase extraction; Experimental parameters; Fruit samples; Pesticide residue; Quantitative determinations; Quechers; Quick , Easy , Cheap , Effective , Rugged , and Safe; Relative standard deviations; Extraction; Carica papaya; Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus; Lycopersicon esculentum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84869393996	Measuring government performance in realising child rights and child wellbeing: The approach and indicators	Mekonen Y.	2010	Child Indicators Research	3	2	10.1007/s12187-009-9047-5	African Child Policy Forum, PO Box 1179, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Mekonen, Y., African Child Policy Forum, PO Box 1179, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Most governments have an impressive record in their formal accession to the relevant international child rights treaties. But the extent of their commitment to children varies widely and the gap between promises and reality remains wide. In response, we, at The African Child Policy Forum, developed an approach to measure government performance in realising children's rights and ensuring their wellbeing. The approach quantitatively measures how well governments are doing in meeting their national and international obligations to children through the Child-friendliness Index. This composite index is used to assess and rank the performance of all 52 African governments using a common set of indicators. It provides an indication of how prioritised children's issues are in African governments' policy agendas, and the extent to which those agendas are child-friendly. According to the Child-friendliness Index ranking, Mauritius and Namibia emerged as the first and second most child-friendly governments, respectvely, in Africa. In addition to these two, the "most child-friendly governments" group consists of both countries with high economic performance as well as those with a low status. The analysis also showed that national wealth and a high level of development are not guarantees of child wellbeing. The results further indicated that change and progress towards ensuring child wellbeing are possible and feasible even at very low levels of development and calls for: (a) adoption and implementation of effective laws and policies; and (b) a policy of child budgeting that prioritises the needs of children. © Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2009.	Child wellbeing; Child-friendliness; Governance; Government; Index; Performance; Policy	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937870584	Make the Promise True: a Monitoring and Evaluation Framework for Measuring Quality in Child Protection Service Delivery in Zimbabwe	Sammon E., Godwin M., Rumble L., Nolan A., Matsika A.B., Mayanga N.	2015	Child Indicators Research	8	3	10.1007/s12187-014-9267-1	UNICEF Zimbabwe, 6, Fairbridge Avenue, Belgravia, Harare, Zimbabwe; 5/104 Kirribilli Ave, Kirribilli, NSW, Australia; UNICEF Jakarta, Wisma Metropolitan II, 11th Floor, Jl. Jend. Sudirman Kav. 31, Jakarta, Indonesia; School of Social Work, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Poverty, Vulnerability and Wealth Creation UK Department for International Development (DFID), 3 Norfolk Road, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Sammon, E., UNICEF Zimbabwe, 6, Fairbridge Avenue, Belgravia, Harare, Zimbabwe; Godwin, M., 5/104 Kirribilli Ave, Kirribilli, NSW, Australia; Rumble, L., UNICEF Jakarta, Wisma Metropolitan II, 11th Floor, Jl. Jend. Sudirman Kav. 31, Jakarta, Indonesia; Nolan, A., UNICEF Zimbabwe, 6, Fairbridge Avenue, Belgravia, Harare, Zimbabwe; Matsika, A.B., School of Social Work, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mayanga, N., Poverty, Vulnerability and Wealth Creation UK Department for International Development (DFID), 3 Norfolk Road, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Promising Quality: making sure that we deliver excellent services for children, (UNICEF 2012a), is an innovative monitoring and evaluation framework of original and standardised measures developed in Zimbabwe to support child protection providers to deliver quality services for children within a multi-agency child protection system. It is intended to meet the demands of governments, donors and other stakeholders for information on the effectiveness and efficiency of development programming but importantly is a practice which ensures downward accountability to children. It can also be utilised to track programme performance, and in broad terms, value for money in child protection service delivery. Further, Promising Quality has important implications for the creation and strengthening of different types of social capital between children, organisations and government. Promising Quality is constructed to encourage children’s full and meaningful participation in the monitoring and evaluation (M&E) process; it poses three questions and uses four specifically designed instruments to find out if an organization is delivering what children need where and when they need it. In so doing, gaps in the functioning of a comprehensive child protection system are highlighted such that improvements in programming, policy advocacy and investment can be made. This paper argues that Promising Quality - its inception and continuing evolution - is a core component of a rights-based, participatory national child protection system in developing contexts and beyond because of its ability to track gains in efficiency as well as child protection outcomes. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Accountability; Child participation; Child protection systems; Monitoring and evaluation; Social capital; Value for money	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939966140	Structural performance of the Nigerian grown Abura timber bridge beam subjected to compression and shearing forces	Aguwa J.I.	2015	KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering	19	4	10.1007/s12205-013-0164-9	Dept. of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria	Aguwa, J.I., Dept. of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria	There is the need to subject some Nigerian timber species to reliability analysis in order to establish their structural usefulness. It is on this basis that the Nigerian grown Abura timber was studied and structurally assessed to understand its performance as timber bridge beams. This was achieved by preparing some test specimens of it from naturally seasoned samples at moisture content of 18%.and determining its strength properties, which were subjected to statistical analysis to obtain the mean, standard deviation as well as the coefficient of variation. Structural analysis, deterministic design and structural reliability analysis were performed on the Abura timber bridge beam at the Ultimate Limit State of loading. A computer programme developed in FORTRAN language and First-Order Reliability Method (FORM) were used in the reliability analysis. In order to study the effect of geometry and loading on the reliability index, sensitivity analysis was performed by altering the geometrical dimensions of the beam as well as the magnitude of the loadings on the beam. Satisfactory level of reliability indices were recorded at depth of 400 mm, breadth of 150 mm and span of 5000 mm under the ultimate limit state of loading. The Abura bridge beam depicted very low level of safety when subjected to only shearing forces under the specified design conditions. The probabilities of failure of the Abura bridge beam in compression and shear are 0.68 × 10−5 and 0.023 respectively, under the specified design conditions. © 2015, Korean Society of Civil Engineers and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	compression and shearing; Nigerian grown abura; strength; structural reliability; timber bridge beam	Bridge components; Design; Sensitivity analysis; Shearing; Structural analysis; Timber; Wooden bridges; Coefficient of variation; First order reliability methods; Geometrical dimensions; Nigerians; strength; Structural reliability; Structural reliability analysis; Timber bridge; Reliability analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870265731	Using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performance modeling	Rezazadeh S., Mehrabi M., Pashaee T., Mirzaee I.	2012	Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology	26	11	10.1007/s12206-012-0844-2	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran; Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Elm-o-Fan University, Urmia, Iran	Rezazadeh, S., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran; Mehrabi, M., Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Pashaee, T., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Elm-o-Fan University, Urmia, Iran; Mirzaee, I., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran	In this paper, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is used for modeling proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performance using some numerically investigated and compared with those to experimental results for training and test data. In this way, current density I (A/cm2) is modeled to the variation of pressure at the cathode side PC (atm), voltage V (V), membrane thickness (mm), Anode transfer coefficient αan, relative humidity of inlet fuel RHa and relative humidity of inlet air RHc which are defined as input (design) variables. Then, we divided these data into train and test sections to do modeling. We instructed ANFIS network by 80% of numerical-validated data. 20% of primary data which had been considered for testing the appropriateness of the models was entered ANFIS network models and results were compared by three statistical criterions. Considering the results, it is obvious that our proposed modeling by ANFIS is efficient and valid and it can be expanded for more general states. © 2012 The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	ANFIS; Fuel cell performance; PEM fuel cells; Relative humidity	Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system; ANFIS; Fuel cell performance; Inlet air; Membrane thickness; Network models; PEM fuel cell; Performance Modeling; Primary data; Statistical criterion; Test data; Test sections; Transfer coefficient; Atmospheric humidity; Fuzzy systems; Tracking (position); Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870665521	The use of hybrid algorithms to improve the performance of yarn parameters prediction models	Mwasiagi J.I., Huang X.B., Wang X.H.	2012	Fibers and Polymers	13	9	10.1007/s12221-012-1201-x	College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China; School of Engineering, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya	Mwasiagi, J.I., College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China, School of Engineering, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Huang, X.B., College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China; Wang, X.H., College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China	Although gradient based Backpropagation (BP) training algorithms have been widely used in Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) models for the prediction of yarn quality properties, they still suffer from some drawbacks which include tendency to converge to local minima. One strategy of improving ANN models trained using gradient based BP algorithms is the use of hybrid training algorithms made of global based algorithms and local based BP algorithms. The aim of this paper was to improve the performance of Levenberg-Marquardt Backpropagation (LMBP) training algorithm, which is a local based BP algorithm by using a hybrid algorithm. The hybrid algorithms combined Differential Evolution (DE) and LMBP algorithms. The yarn quality prediction models trained using the hybrid algorithms performed better and exhibited better generalization when compared to the models trained using the LM algorithms. © 2012 The Korean Fiber Society and Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	artificial neural network (ANN); Cotton fiber; Differential Evolution (DE); Levenberg-Marquardt (LM); Ring spinning; Yarn quality properties	Backpropagation training algorithm; BP algorithm; Differential Evolution; Gradient based; Hybrid algorithms; Hybrid training; Levenberg-Marquardt; LM algorithm; LMBP algorithm; Local minimums; Prediction model; Ring spinning; Training algorithms; Yarn quality; Yarn quality prediction; Cotton fibers; Evolutionary algorithms; Mathematical models; Neural networks; Spinning (fibers); Wool; Yarn; Backpropagation algorithms	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349884322	Warneckea austro-occidentalis, a new species from Cameroon and Nigeria, and re-evaluation of W. fascicularis var. mangrovensis (Melastomataceae-Olisbeoideae)	Stone R.D., Ghogue J.-P., Cheek M.	2009	Kew Bulletin	64	2	10.1007/s12225-009-9106-6	School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa; Herbier National du Cameroun, B.P. 1601, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, United Kingdom	Stone, R.D., School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa; Ghogue, J.-P., Herbier National du Cameroun, B.P. 1601, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Cheek, M., Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, United Kingdom	Described and illustrated is Warneckea austro-occidentalis R. D. Stone, an endemic of tropical forests in Cameroon's South West Province and adjacent Nigeria. The name W. mangrovensis (Jacq.-Fél.) R. D. Stone is also proposed at species level for the taxon originally described as W. fascicularis var. mangrovensis Jacq.-Fél. An IUCN (2001) status of endangered is assigned for both W. austro-occidentalis and W. mangrovensis. © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2009.	Africa; Cameroon; Gabon; Melastomataceae; Nigeria; Warneckea	Melastomataceae; Warneckea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952739468	Identification of performance indicators for emergency centres in South Africa: Results of a Delphi study	Maritz D., Hodkinson P., Wallis L.	2010	International Journal of Emergency Medicine	3	4	10.1007/s12245-010-0240-6	Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Cape Town, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X24, Bellville 7535, South Africa	Maritz, D., Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Cape Town, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X24, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Hodkinson, P., Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Cape Town, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X24, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Wallis, L., Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Cape Town, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X24, Bellville 7535, South Africa	Background: Emergency medicine is a rapidly developing field in South Africa (SA) and other developing nations. There is a need to develop performance indicators that are relevant and easy to measure. This will allow identification of areas for improvement, create standards of care and allow inter-institutional comparisons to be made. There is evidence from the international literature that performance measures do lead to performance improvements. Aims: To develop a broad-based consensus document detailing quality measures for use in SA Emergency Centres (ECs). Methods: A three-round modified Delphi study was conducted over e-mail. A panel of experts representing the emergency medicine field in SA was formed. Participants were asked to provide potential performance indicators for use in SA, under subheaders of the various disciplines that are seen in emergency patients. These statements were collated and sent out to the panel for scoring on a 9-point Lickert scale. Statements that did not reach a predefined consensus were sent back to the panellist for reconsideration. Results: Consensus was reached on 99 out of 153 (65%) of the performance indicators proposed. These were further refined, and a synopsis of the statements is presented, classified as to whether the statements were thought to be feasible or not in the current circumstances. Conclusions: A synopsis of the useful and feasible performance indicators is presented. The majority are structural and performance-based indicators appropriate to the development of the field in SA. Further refinement and research is needed to implement these indicators. © The Author(s) 2010.	Developing world; Emergency; Indicator; Performance; Quality; South Africa	article; Delphi study; e-mail; emergency care; emergency health service; emergency medicine; health care quality; medical documentation; priority journal; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919926483	Outdoor ventilation performance of various configurations of a layout of two adjacent buildings under isothermal conditions	Ayo S.A., Mohd-Ghazali N., Mansor S.	2015	Building Simulation	8	1	10.1007/s12273-014-0195-2	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria	Ayo, S.A., Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria; Mohd-Ghazali, N., Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Mansor, S., Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia	This paper explores the pedestrian-level wind environment around two buildings of unequal heights for the effects of ratio of height of upwind building to that of downwind building, referred to as buildings height ratio, spacing distance between the buildings, and direction of ambient wind, on the outdoor air ventilation. The objective is to propose appropriate spacing distances for various configurations of this type of buildings layout in a suburban area of Kuala Lumpur, which would enable harnessing the full ventilation potential of the local wind conditions. A three-dimensional numerical technique employing computational fluid dynamics simulation of continuity and Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations was used to study the turbulent flow field around the full-scale sizes of the buildings. Results indicate the influence of spacing distance between buildings, relative heights of the buildings and direction of ambient wind on outdoor ventilation. Results also show that 3-D turbulent flow processes such as lateral and secondary flows play significant roles in defining the wind flow pattern and ventilation availability. The perpendicular wind direction presents remarkable adverse effects compared to the inclined direction, while a higher upwind building height which would ordinarily be expected to proportionally obstruct wind flow could be of advantage, at low values of building height ratios, in enhancing outdoor ventilation. The findings established the need to give consideration to climatic factors such as wind flow and direction in planning urban cities, as it affects buildings to be situated in close proximity, especially when there is height difference. © 2014, Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	appropriate spacing distance; computational fluid dynamics; height ratio; outdoor air ventilation; two-building layout; wind direction	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899987936	Evaluation of antioxidants in the kidney of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats	Gomathi D., Kalaiselvi M., Ravikumar G., Devaki K., Uma C.	2014	Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry	29	2	10.1007/s12291-013-0344-x	Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam University, Coimbatore 641 021, India; Biochemistry College of Medicine and Health Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia	Gomathi, D., Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam University, Coimbatore 641 021, India; Kalaiselvi, M., Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam University, Coimbatore 641 021, India; Ravikumar, G., Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam University, Coimbatore 641 021, India; Devaki, K., Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam University, Coimbatore 641 021, India; Uma, C., Biochemistry College of Medicine and Health Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia	Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine metabolic disorders. Dual endocrine deficits of impaired insulin action (insulin resistance) and inadequate insulin secretion create an environment of chronic hyperglycemia and general metabolic disarray. Oxidative stress plays an important role in diabetic pathogenesis. Oxidative stress induced by streptozotocin (STZ) has been shown to damage pancreatic beta cell and produce hyperglycemia in rats. The present study was made to evaluate the antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of the Evolvulus alsinoides in STZ induced rats. The antioxidant activities were done by using standard protocols. For histopathological analysis, the pancreatic tissues of all experimental groups were fixed with 10 % formalin for 24 h then the samples were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for the microscopic observation. Our results showed the significant decrease in lipid peroxidation and increases in the antioxidant (both enzymatic and nonenzymatic) levels after treatment with standard as well as the E. alsinoides. There is no significant difference between control and plant alone group rats. The histopathology reports also revealed non-toxic effect and protective effect of E. alsinoides in the kidney of STZ induced diabetic rats. Our result indicated that the E. alsinoides extract effectively increased the antioxidant level thereby it prevents oxidative stress during diabetes mellitus and also it showed the protective effect on kidney of STZ induced rats. Hence it can be used to maintain the antioxidant level during diabetes mellitus. © 2013 Association of Clinical Biochemists of India.	Enzymatic antioxidants; Evolvulus alsinoides; LPO; Non-enzymatic antioxidant; Streptozotocin	antioxidant; catalase; Evolvulus alsinoides extract; glibenclamide; glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase; glutathione peroxidase; glutathione reductase; plant extract; superoxide dismutase; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antioxidant activity; article; controlled study; enzyme activity; Evolvulus alsinoides; experimental diabetes mellitus; glucose blood level; histopathology; India; kidney; lipid peroxidation; medicinal plant; nonhuman; oxidative stress; pathogenesis; rat; streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus; treatment outcome; Evolvulus alsinoides; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875786184	Performance of rest myocardial perfusion imaging in the management of acute chest pain in the emergency room in developing nations (PREMIER trial)	Better N., Karthikeyan G., Vitola J., Fatima A., Peix A., Novak M.D., Soares Jr. J., Bien V.D., Briones P.O., Vangu M., Soni N., Nguyen A., Dondi M.	2012	Journal of Nuclear Cardiology	19	6	10.1007/s12350-012-9622-x	Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; Quanta Diagnostico and Terapia, Curitiba, Brazil; Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Lahore, Pakistan; Institute of Cardiology, La Habana, Cuba; University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Heart Institute, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil; Tran Hung Dao General Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria	Better, N., Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Karthikeyan, G., All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; Vitola, J., Quanta Diagnostico and Terapia, Curitiba, Brazil; Fatima, A., Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Lahore, Pakistan; Peix, A., Institute of Cardiology, La Habana, Cuba; Novak, M.D., University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Soares Jr., J., Heart Institute, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil; Bien, V.D., Tran Hung Dao General Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Briones, P.O., Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Vangu, M., University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Soni, N., University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Nguyen, A., Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Dondi, M., Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria	Background: Rest myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is effective in managing patients with acute chest pain in developed countries. We aimed to define the role and feasibility of rest MPI in low-to-middle income countries. Methods and Results: Low-to-intermediate risk patients (n = 356) presenting with chest pain to ten centers in eight developing countries were injected with a Tc-99m-based tracer, and standard imaging was performed. The primary outcome was a composite of death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), recurrent angina, and coronary revascularization at 30 days. Sixty-nine patients had a positive MPI (19.4%), and 52 patients (14.6%) had a primary outcome event. An abnormal rest-MPI result was the only variable which independently predicted the primary outcome [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 8.19, 95% confidence interval 4.10-16.40, P =.0001]. The association of MPI result and the primary outcome was stronger (adjusted OR 17.35) when only the patients injected during pain were considered. Rest-MPI had a negative predictive value of 92.7% for the primary outcome, improving to 99.3% for the hard event composite of death or MI. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that rest-MPI is a reliable test for ruling out MI when applied to patients in developing countries. © 2012 American Society of Nuclear Cardiology.	acute coronary syndromes; diagnostic and prognostic application; gated SPECT; Myocardial perfusion imaging: SPECT; technetium-99m	technetium 99m; diagnostic agent; methoxy isobutyl isonitrile technetium tc 99m; radiopharmaceutical agent; acute disease; adult; angina pectoris; article; cardiac imaging; cardiovascular mortality; developing country; diagnostic value; differential diagnosis; emergency ward; female; heart infarction; heart muscle revascularization; human; major clinical study; male; multicenter study; myocardial perfusion imaging; outcome assessment; patient coding; predictive value; priority journal; recurrent disease; rest myocardial perfusion imaging; risk assessment; sensitivity and specificity; thorax pain; acute coronary syndrome; developing country; emergency health service; feasibility study; follow up; health; middle aged; pain; rest; scintiscanning; single photon emission computer tomography; thorax pain; Acute Coronary Syndrome; Acute Pain; Chest Pain; Developing Countries; Diagnosis, Differential; Emergency Service, Hospital; Feasibility Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Perfusion Imaging; Predictive Value of Tests; Radiopharmaceuticals; Rest; Sensitivity and Specificity; Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; World Health	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78049292361	History of phosphorus fertilizer usage and its impact on the agronomic phosphorus status of sugarcane soils in Mauritius	Mardamootoo T., Ng Kee Kwong K.F., Du Preez C.C.	2010	Sugar Tech	12	2	10.1007/s12355-010-0019-3	Mauritius Sugar Industry Research Institute, Réduit, Mauritius; Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Mardamootoo, T., Mauritius Sugar Industry Research Institute, Réduit, Mauritius; Ng Kee Kwong, K.F., Mauritius Sugar Industry Research Institute, Réduit, Mauritius; Du Preez, C.C., Mauritius Sugar Industry Research Institute, Réduit, Mauritius, Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	The intensive use of phosphorus (P) fertilizers during more than 100 years of sugarcane production in Mauritius is believed to have built up the P status of the soils to excessive levels. Hence there may be a scope for reducing P fertilizer usage in order to lessen production costs in sugarcane cultivation and alleviate its hazard to surface water quality. A review of P fertilizer usage in sugarcane showed that the amount of P fertilizer used by the sugarcane industry rose from 790 tons P 2O 5 (mainly as rock/guano phosphates) in the early 20 th century to a peak of 5 675 tons P 2O 5 in the 1970s before declining thereafter to 3 350 tons P 2O 5 in 2008, mainly in the form of ammonium phosphates. The currently adopted 0.1M H 2SO 4 extraction method was used to assess soil P available in the sugarcane soils. Soil test P data showed that in 2005/2006, 36% of the land still required P fertilization (P &lt; 80 mg kg -1) while approximately 52% had an excess of P (P ≥ 100 mg kg -1). Fields with excessive P belong to all soil groups and can be encountered throughout the island. Less than 15% of the soils had an optimum soil P (80 ≤ P &lt; 100 mg kg -1). With only 31% of the soils having a highly excessive P status (P ≥ 150 mg kg -1), this study indicates the belief that past P fertilization had invariably led to an excessive soil P status in Mauritius is unfounded. Also variation in soil P status as a result of differences in management between small and large planters could also not be discerned. © 2010 Society for Sugar Research &amp; Promotion.	Extractable phosphorus; phosphorus deficiency; phosphorus pollution; sugarcane growers	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907072578	Predicting Climate Change Impacts on Sugarcane Production at Sites in Australia, Brazil and South Africa Using the Canegro Model	Singels A., Jones M., Marin F., Ruane A., Thorburn P.	2014	Sugar Tech	16	4	10.1007/s12355-013-0274-1	South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Mount Edgecombe, South Africa; Embrapa Agriculture Informatics, Campinas, Brazil; NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, United States; CSIRO Ecosystems Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia	Singels, A., South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Mount Edgecombe, South Africa; Jones, M., South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Mount Edgecombe, South Africa; Marin, F., Embrapa Agriculture Informatics, Campinas, Brazil; Ruane, A., NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, United States; Thorburn, P., CSIRO Ecosystems Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia	Reliable predictions of sugarcane response to climate change are necessary to plan adaptation strategies. The objective of this study was to assess the use of global climate models (GCMs) and a crop simulation model for predicting climate change impacts on sugarcane production. The Canegro model was used to simulate growth and development of sugarcane crops under typical management conditions at three sites (irrigated crops at Ayr, Australia; rainfed crops at Piracicaba, Brazil and La Mercy, South Africa) for current and three future climate scenarios. The baseline scenario consisted of a 30-year time series of historical weather records and atmospheric CO<inf>2</inf> concentration ([CO<inf>2</inf>]) set at 360 ppm. Future climate scenarios were derived from three GCMs and [CO<inf>2</inf>] set at 734 ppm. Future cane yields are expected to increase at all three sites, ranging from +4 % for Ayr, to +9 and +20 % for Piracicaba and La Mercy. Canopy development was accelerated at all three sites by increased temperature, which led to increased interception of radiation, increased transpiration, and slight increases in drought stress at rainfed sites. For the high potential sites (Ayr and Piracicaba), yield increases were limited by large increases in maintenance respiration which consumed most of the daily assimilate when high biomass was achieved. A weakness of the climate data used was the assumption of no change in rainfall distribution, solar radiation and relative humidity. Crop model aspects that need refinement include improved simulation of (1) elevated [CO<inf>2</inf>] effects on crop photosynthesis and transpiration, and (2) high temperature effects on crop development, photosynthesis and respiration. © 2013, Society for Sugar Research & Promotion.	Cane yield; Canopy cover; Climate change; Crop model; Global climate model	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901029242	Evaluation of Trinexapac-ethyl (Moddus®) as a New Chemical Ripener for the South African Sugarcane Industry	van Heerden P.D.R.	2014	Sugar Tech	16	3	10.1007/s12355-013-0278-x	South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa	van Heerden, P.D.R., South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa	Although information from Brazil and Australia indicate that trinexapac-ethyl (Moddus®) is an excellent new sugarcane ripener, there is no information on the response of South African varieties to this chemical. The objective of this investigation was to establish the ripening potential of this chemical in a local variety and to compare responses with current industry standards, 2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid (Ethephon®) and fluazifop-p-butyl (Fusilade Forte®). Evaluation was conducted in an irrigated plant and first ratoon crop of variety N32 at Pongola, South Africa. The field trial was laid out as a complete randomised design with five replicates per treatment. The nine treatments comprised: (a) untreated control, (b) Ethephon® (1.5 L/ha) applied 84 days before harvest (DBH), (c) Fusilade Forte® (0.2 L/ha) applied 43 DBH, (d) Moddus® at three rates (0.8, 1 and 2 L/ha) applied 70 DBH, (e) Ethephon® (1.5 L/ha) and Fusilade Forte® (0.2 L/ha) applied in combination 84 and 43 DBH, and (f) Moddus® (0.8 and 1 L/ha) and Fusilade Forte® (0.2 L/ha) applied in combination 70 and 43 DBH. The various ripener treatments improved estimated recoverable crystal (ERC) yields in the 12-month old crops by between 1.6 and 4.9 t/ha when compared with the control. Moddus® applied at 0.8 and 1 L/ha achieved similar improvements as Fusilade Forte® and Ethephon®, but at 2 L/ha outperformed the latter two ripeners by up to 1.9 t ERC/ha. Best ERC yield responses were achieved in the three combination treatments. However, the Moddus®-Fusilade Forte® combination treatments outperformed the standard Ethephon®-Fusilade Forte® combination treatment by up to 1 t ERC/ha. These results indicate that Moddus® is an effective sugarcane ripener under South African high-potential irrigated conditions and that improved in ERC yields exceeding those obtained with current industry standards might be possible. © 2013 Society for Sugar Research & Promotion.	Cane quality; Chemical ripening; Moddus®; Sugar yield; Sugarcane	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649678115	Growth performance, haematology and serum biochemistry of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings fed graded levels of dietary fumonisin B 1	Gbore F.A., Adewole A.M., Oginni O., Oguntolu M.F., Bada A.M., Akele O.	2010	Mycotoxin Research	26	4	10.1007/s12550-010-0059-2	Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria; Department of Microbiology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria	Gbore, F.A., Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria; Adewole, A.M., Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria; Oginni, O., Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria; Oguntolu, M.F., Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria; Bada, A.M., Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria; Akele, O., Department of Microbiology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria	Fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus were used to evaluate the effect of dietary fumonisin B1 (FB1), a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium verticillioides, on growth, haematological and serum biochemical parameters. The fingerlings were sorted, weighed and randomly stocked in 16 plastic tanks at the rate of 20 fingerlings per tank. Fusarium-cultured maize grains containing FB1 were used to formulate three diets containing approximately 5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 mg FB1/kg, constituting diets 2, 3, and 4 respectively. These three diets, plus diet 1, which contained non-Fusarium cultured maize grains that served as the control, were used in a 6-week feeding trial. The final weight gains by the fingerlings were significantly (P∈&lt;∈0.05) influenced by FB1. The final weights of the fingerlings fed diets 2, 3 and 4 ranged from 70.07 to 87.10% of the controls. The haematocrit, erythrocytes, haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and the serum protein constituents (total protein, albumin and globulin) values significantly (P∈&lt;∈0.05) decreased, while the leucocytes, MCV and MCH increased significantly (P∈&lt;∈0. 05) with increase in the dietary FB1. The total serum protein values of the fingerlings fed diets 2, 3 and 4 were 34.53, 39.42 and 50.17% lower than the total serum protein values of those fed the control diet. These results indicate that Fusarium-contaminated diets containing about 5.0 mg or more FB1/kg reduced weight gain and significantly altered haematological parameters and serum protein constituents in the fingerlings. These may have a significant impact on physiological activities and may be vital in immunosuppression in the fingerlings with a strong negative impact on subsequent performance of the fish. © 2010 Society for Mycotoxin Research and Springer.	Clarias gariepinus; Fingerlings; Fumonisin B1; Growth; Haematology; Serum biochemistry	albumin; fumonisin B1; globulin; hemoglobin; animal food; article; catfish; controlled study; erythrocyte; fingerling; food contamination; fungal contamination; Fusarium; fusarium verticillioides; growth rate; hematocrit; immune deficiency; leukocyte count; maize; mean corpuscular hemoglobin; mean corpuscular volume; nonhuman; weight gain; Clarias gariepinus; Fusarium; Gibberella moniliformis; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84958102539	Monitoring of Extraction Efficiency by a Sample Process Control Virus Added Immediately Upon Sample Receipt	Ruhanya V., Diez-Valcarce M., D’Agostino M., Cook N., Hernández M., Rodríguez-Lázaro D.	2015	Food and Environmental Virology	7	4	10.1007/s12560-015-9214-4	Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Food Technology Section, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain; Food and Environment Research Agency (FERA), Sand Hutton, York, United Kingdom; Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain; Microbiology Section, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bauñuelos s/n, Burgos, Spain	Ruhanya, V., Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Diez-Valcarce, M., Food Technology Section, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain; D’Agostino, M., Food and Environment Research Agency (FERA), Sand Hutton, York, United Kingdom; Cook, N., Food and Environment Research Agency (FERA), Sand Hutton, York, United Kingdom; Hernández, M., Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain; Rodríguez-Lázaro, D., Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain, Microbiology Section, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bauñuelos s/n, Burgos, Spain	When analysing food samples for enteric viruses, a sample process control virus (SPCV) must be added at the commencement of the analytical procedure, to verify that the analysis has been performed correctly. Samples can on occasion arrive at the laboratory late in the working day or week. The analyst may consequently have insufficient time to commence and complete the complex procedure, and the samples must consequently be stored. To maintain the validity of the analytical result, it will be necessary to consider storage as part of the process, and the analytical procedure as commencing on sample receipt. The aim of this study was to verify that an SPCV can be recovered after sample storage, and thus indicate the effective recovery of enteric viruses. Two types of samples (fresh and frozen raspberries) and two types of storage (refrigerated and frozen) were studied using Mengovirus vMC0 as SPCV. SPCV recovery was not significantly different (P &gt; 0.5) regardless of sample type or duration of storage (up to 14 days at −20 °C). Accordingly, samples can be stored without a significant effect on the performance of the analysis. The results of this study should assist the analyst by demonstrating that they can verify that viruses can be extracted from food samples even if samples have been stored. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Enteric viruses; Molecular detection; Quality control; Real-time PCR; Sample process control; Storage	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858337998	Bottom shrimp trawling impacts on species distribution and fishery dynamics; Ungwana Bay fishery Kenya before and after the 2006 trawl ban	Munga C., Ndegwa S., Fulanda B., Manyala J., Kimani E., Ohtomi J., Vanreusel A.	2012	Fisheries Science	78	2	10.1007/s12562-011-0458-0	Marine Biology Section, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 81651, Mombasa 80100, Kenya; Fisheries Department-Kenya, P.O. Box 90423, Mombasa 80100, Kenya; The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, MOI University, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret 30100, Kenya; Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Shimoarata 4-50-20, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan	Munga, C., Marine Biology Section, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium, Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 81651, Mombasa 80100, Kenya; Ndegwa, S., Fisheries Department-Kenya, P.O. Box 90423, Mombasa 80100, Kenya; Fulanda, B., Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 81651, Mombasa 80100, Kenya, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; Manyala, J., Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, MOI University, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret 30100, Kenya; Kimani, E., Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 81651, Mombasa 80100, Kenya; Ohtomi, J., Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Shimoarata 4-50-20, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan; Vanreusel, A., Marine Biology Section, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium	The Malindi-Ungwana Bay fishery Kenya is one of the most important marine fisheries of the Western Indian Ocean. There are two fishing grounds: Formosa and Malindi, with a designated 5-nM no-trawl zone offshore. However, the fishery was faced with numerous resource use conflicts and a decline in catches, culminating in a trawl ban in 2006. This study analyses catches and fishery dynamics before and after the 2006 trawl ban. Results show that artisanal landings declined before the ban, but rapidly recovered within 2 years after the ban was imposed. However, shrimp landings in the artisanal fishery remain low. Commercial shrimp landings gradually declined before the ban: ~550 t in 2001 to 250 t in 2006, and the shrimp: fish bycatch ratio was 1:1. 5 compared to early reports of 1:7 in 1999. SIMPER analyses shows that 6 and 16 families (groups) accounted for 91. 0 and 90. 2% of the similarity in catch within the Formosa and Malindi fishing grounds, respectively. Formosa was important for Claridae, Cichlidae and Protopteridae, while Malindi recorded Carangidae, Siganidae, Carcharhinidae and Lethrinidae as the main families. Future studies should therefore embark on analyses of the factors driving the spatio-temporal distributions of the species and assess the impacts of bottom trawling on fishery dynamics before the trawl ban can be lifted. © 2012 The Japanese Society of Fisheries Science.	Artisanal fishery; Bottom trawl; Catch per unit effort; Malindi-Ungwana Bay Kenya; SIMPER analysis	Carangidae; Carcharhinidae; Cichlidae; Decapoda (Crustacea); Lethrinidae; Protopteridae; Siganidae	None
WoS	WOS:000305234200008	The impact of NERICA adoption on productivity and poverty of the small-scale rice farmers in the Gambia	Diagne, Aliou,Dibba, Lamin,Fialor, Simon C.,Nimoh, Fred	2012	FOOD SECURITY	4	2	10.1007/s12571-012-0180-5	Africa Rice Ctr AfricaRice, KNUST, Kwame Nkrumah University Science & Technology, NARI	None	The study assessed the causal effects of NERICA adoption on rice yields and income, using country-wide data of 600 rice farmers in The Gambia. To control for differences in socio-demographic and environmental characteristics of adopters and non-adopters and enable a causal interpretation of NERICA adoption on the variables of interest, the study used the counterfactual outcome framework to control for such differences. The results, based on observed sample estimates, showed significant differences in rice yields and income between the NERICA adopters and non-adopters. Further, the results of the framework, based on the Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE) estimates, which allowed a causal interpretation, showed that NERICA adoption significantly increased average rice yields and annual income of small-scale rice farmers by 157 kg per hectare and $148, respectively.	"causal effects",HETEROGENEITY,IMPACT,NERICA,"potential outcomes","THE GAMBIA","AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY",MODELS,PROPENSITY-SCORE,WEST-AFRICA	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899413725	Evaluating the impact of improved maize varieties on food security in Rural Tanzania: Evidence from a continuous treatment approach	Kassie M., Jaleta M., Mattei A.	2014	Food Security	6	2	10.1007/s12571-014-0332-x	CIMMYT, Naiorbi, Kenya; CIMMYT, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Statistics, Informatics, Applications \G. Parenti, University of Florence, Florence, Italy	Kassie, M., CIMMYT, Naiorbi, Kenya; Jaleta, M., CIMMYT, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Mattei, A., Department of Statistics, Informatics, Applications \G. Parenti, University of Florence, Florence, Italy	This paper investigates impact heterogeneity in the adoption of improved maize varieties using data from rural Tanzania. We used a generalized propensity-score matching methodology, complemented with a parametric econometric method to check the robustness of results. We found a consistent result across models, indicating that adoption increased food security, and that the impact of adoption varied with the level of adoption. On average, an increase of one acre in the area allocated to improved maize varieties reduced the probabilities of chronic and transitory food insecurity from between 0.7 and 1.2 % and between 1.1 and 1.7 %, respectively. Policies that increase maize productivity and ease farmers' adoption constraints can ensure the allocation of more land to improved technologies and, in doing so, enhance the food security of households. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht and International Society for Plant Pathology.	Adoption; Africa; Continuous treatment; Food security; Impact heterogeneity; Tanzania	econometrics; food policy; food security; heterogeneity; maize; probability; rural area; technology adoption; Tanzania; Zea mays	ACIAR, Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899460953	Exploring the impact of the 2008 global food crisis on food security among vulnerable households in rural South Africa	Nawrotzki R.J., Robson K., Gutilla M.J., Hunter L.M., Twine W., Norlund P.	2014	Food Security	6	2	10.1007/s12571-014-0336-6	CU Population Center, University of Colorado, Institute of Behavioral Science, UCB 483, C435B, 4th Floor, 1440 15th Street, Boulder, CO, 80302, United States; Colorado School of Public Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, United States; Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado at Anschutz Medical Campus, Boulder, CO, United States; CU Population Center, University of Colorado, Institute of Behavioral Science, Boulder, United States; University of Witwatersrand, School of Public Health, MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Geography, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States	Nawrotzki, R.J., CU Population Center, University of Colorado, Institute of Behavioral Science, UCB 483, C435B, 4th Floor, 1440 15th Street, Boulder, CO, 80302, United States; Robson, K., Colorado School of Public Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, United States; Gutilla, M.J., Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado at Anschutz Medical Campus, Boulder, CO, United States; Hunter, L.M., CU Population Center, University of Colorado, Institute of Behavioral Science, Boulder, United States, University of Witwatersrand, School of Public Health, MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), Johannesburg, South Africa; Twine, W., School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Norlund, P., Department of Geography, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States	Recurring food crises endanger the livelihoods of millions of households in developing countries around the globe. Owing to the importance of this issue, we explored recent changes in food security between the years 2004 and 2010 in a rural district in Northeastern South Africa. Our study window spans the time of the 2008 global food crisis and allows the investigation of its impacts on rural South African populations. Grounded in the sustainable livelihood framework, we examined differences in food security trajectories among vulnerable sub populations. A unique panel data set of 8,147 households, provided by the Agincourt Health and Demographic Surveillance System (Agincourt HDSS), allowed us to employ a longitudinal multilevel modeling approach to estimate adjusted growth curves for the differential changes in food security across time. We observed an overall improvement in food security that leveled off after 2008, most likely resulting from the global food crisis. In addition, we discovered significant differences in food security trajectories for various sub populations. For example, female-headed households and those living in areas with better access to natural resources differentially improved their food security situation, compared to male-headed households and those households with lower levels of natural resource access. However, former Mozambican refugees witnessed a decline in food security. Therefore, poverty alleviation programs for the Agincourt region should work to improve the food security of vulnerable households, such as former Mozambican refugees. © 2014 The Author(s).	Agincourt; Food security; Global food crisis; Growth curve models; Natural resources; South Africa	developing world; food security; growth curve; household income; natural resource; poverty; refugee; rural area; subpopulation; sustainable development; vulnerability; Mozambique; South Africa	MRC, Wellcome Trust; 069683/Z/02/Z, Wellcome Trust; 085477/Z/08/Z, Wellcome Trust
None	None	Weed management in upland rice in sub-Saharan Africa: Impact on labor and crop productivity	Ogwuike P., Rodenburg J., Diagne A., Agboh-Noameshie A.R., Amovin-Assagba E.	2014	Food Security	6	3	10.1007/s12571-014-0351-7	Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), 01 BP 2031 Cotonou, Benin; Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice)-East and Southern Africa, P.O. Box 33581, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Ogwuike, P., Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), 01 BP 2031 Cotonou, Benin; Rodenburg, J., Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice)-East and Southern Africa, P.O. Box 33581, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Diagne, A., Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), 01 BP 2031 Cotonou, Benin; Agboh-Noameshie, A.R., Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), 01 BP 2031 Cotonou, Benin; Amovin-Assagba, E., Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), 01 BP 2031 Cotonou, Benin	Rice is one of the most important crops for food security in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). There exists, however, a widening gap between its regional demand and supply. Competition from weeds is typically one of the major biophysical constraints in upland rice, frequently leading to significant yield losses and sometimes to complete crop failure, thereby threatening the food security of subsistence farmers. However, weed management practices that are currently employed to avoid such losses are associated with high weeding labor demands. This study examined the relationships between weeding times per farm, average time per hectare per weeding and rice yields of upland rice farmers in SSA, with the objective of estimating the impact of weeds on rural households' economies in SSA reliant on upland rice production systems. To this end, we analyzed survey data collected from 992 farmers in four countries (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Togo and Uganda). The counterfactual outcomes framework of modern evaluation theory was used to estimate the Average Treatment Effect (ATE) of the number of times a farm is weeded on weeding labor efficiency, as measured by the average number of hours spent per hectare at each weeding, and on crop productivity expressed as rice grain yield per hectare. A single weeding required 173 h per hectare, while weeding twice required 130 h per hectare per weeding (259 h per hectare in total) and weeding three times required 125 h per hectare per weeding (376 h per hectare in total). Correspondingly, a single weeding was associated with an average rice yield of 1.2 t ha-1, weeding twice yielded 1.7 t ha-1 and weeding three times yielded 2.2 t ha-1. Compared to the situation where the farm is weeded only once and controlling for other factors, the model estimated yield gains of a second weeding to be 0.33 t ha-1 and a third weeding to result in a gain of 0.51 t ha-1. The estimated labor gains were respectively 64.2 and 68.1 h per hectare per weeding for a second and a third weeding. We conclude that weeding an upland rice crop more than once in SSA increases weeding labor efficiency by about 37 % and rice productivity by more than 27 %. Rather than motivating farmers to increase their labor inputs for manual weeding, however, we propose that more research and development funds should be devoted to developing, testing and promoting locally adapted strategies of labor-saving weed management in rice in sub-Saharan Africa. This will result in a significant contribution to regional food security and poverty alleviation. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht and International Society for Plant Pathology.	Average treatment effect; Hand weeding; Impact assessment; Rain fed rice; Structural economic method; Subsistence farming	crop production; food security; labor; poverty alleviation; research and development; rice; subsistence; weed; weed control; yield; Cameroon; Democratic Republic Congo; Sub-Saharan Africa; Togo; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930091797	The short-term impact of price shocks on food security-Evidence from urban and rural Ethiopia	Matz J.A., Kalkuhl M., Abegaz G.A.	2015	Food Security	7	3	10.1007/s12571-015-0467-4	Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, Bonn, Germany; Ethiopian Economics Association/Ethiopian Economic Policy Research Institute and International Food Policy Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Matz, J.A., Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, Bonn, Germany; Kalkuhl, M., Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, Bonn, Germany; Abegaz, G.A., Ethiopian Economics Association/Ethiopian Economic Policy Research Institute and International Food Policy Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	This study investigates the impact of food price changes on food security in urban and rural Ethiopia. Using a quarterly household survey panel dataset and price data collected directly at markets, a negative effect of high cereal prices on some, but not all considered indicators of food security was found, controlling for unobserved heterogeneity across households. The results indicate that increases in cereal prices are generally, but not always, associated with households having a lower number of meals and switching to less preferred foods. Diet diversity and calorie consumption, however, show no clear response to grain price changes. Only partly in line with existing notions, our results suggest that the aggregate effect is negative for both the urban and rural populations (with the strongest among the urban poor) but that even poor households are able to maintain their basic food consumption through periods of moderate price changes. © 2015, The Author(s).	Ethiopia; Food and nutrition security; Food price inflation	food consumption; food policy; food security; household survey; price dynamics; socioeconomic conditions; Ethiopia	None
None	None	Impact of agricultural technology adoption on asset ownership: the case of improved cassava varieties in Nigeria	Awotide B.A., Alene A.D., Abdoulaye T., Manyong V.M.	2015	Food Security	7	6	10.1007/s12571-015-0500-7	Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Lilongwe, Malawi; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania	Awotide, B.A., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Alene, A.D., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria; Abdoulaye, T., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Lilongwe, Malawi; Manyong, V.M., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania	Using household survey data from a sample of about 850 households selected from six States in south-west Nigeria, this paper analyses the effects of the adoption of improved cassava varieties (ICVs) on asset ownership among smallholder farmers. The results of the linear regression with endogenous treatment effects showed that adoption of ICVs is positively related to asset ownership. The results further showed that ICVs had greater impact on asset ownership among female-headed households. The impact analysis using propensity score matching (PSM) showed a significant and positive effect of adoption of ICVs on asset ownership and a negative effect on asset poverty. The empirical results suggest that improved agricultural technologies can play a key role in strengthening asset ownership of smallholder farmers for increased agricultural productivity and income generation. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht and International Society for Plant Pathology.	Adoption; Assets; Cassava; Farmer; Impact; Nigeria; Poverty; PSM	None	None
None	None	Welfare impacts of smallholder farmers’ participation in maize and pigeonpea markets in Tanzania	Mmbando F.E., Wale E.Z., Baiyegunhi L.J.S.	2015	Food Security	7	6	10.1007/s12571-015-0519-9	Discipline of Agricultural Economics, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Selian Agricultural Research Institute (SARI), P.O. Box 6024, Arusha, Tanzania	Mmbando, F.E., Discipline of Agricultural Economics, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, Selian Agricultural Research Institute (SARI), P.O. Box 6024, Arusha, Tanzania; Wale, E.Z., Discipline of Agricultural Economics, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Baiyegunhi, L.J.S., Discipline of Agricultural Economics, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	This paper evaluates the impact of maize and pigeonpea market participation and the level of participation on household welfare measured by consumption expenditure in rural Tanzania. The study used cross-sectional farm household level data collected in 2010 from 700 randomly selected households in northern and eastern zones of Tanzania. Propensity score matching and endogenous switching regression techniques were employed to address the welfare impacts of market participation for binary treatment, while linear regression was employed to address the welfare impacts of the level of market participation. Maize and pigeonpea market participation and the level of participation had positive and significant impacts on the welfare of rural households. On average, maize and pigeonpea market participation increased consumption expenditure per capita in the range of 19.2–20.4 % and 28.3–29.4 %, respectively. Similarly, a one unit increase in the predicted level of market participation increased per capita consumption expenditure by 0.5 and 0.3 %, for both maize and pigeonpea, respectively. This confirms the potential role of market participation and the level of participation in improving rural household welfare, as higher consumption expenditures from market participation also mean improved food security and reduced poverty. Policies aimed at reducing the transaction costs of accessing markets such as improved market information, rural infrastructure and household capacity to produce surplus production are critical to the improvement of household welfare. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht and International Society for Plant Pathology.	Endogenous switching; Market participation; Propensity score matching; Rural household welfare; Tanzania	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899121651	Crystallization conditions and petrogenesis of the paleoproterozoic basement rocks in Bangladesh: An evaluation of biotite and coexisting amphibole mineral chemistry	Hossain I., Tsunogae T.	2014	Journal of Earth Science	25	1	10.1007/s12583-014-0402-1	Department of Geology and Mining, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh; University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan; Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006 Johannesburg, South Africa	Hossain, I., Department of Geology and Mining, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh; Tsunogae, T., University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan, Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006 Johannesburg, South Africa	The Paleoproterozoic (∼1.73 Ga) basement rocks from Maddhapara, Bangladesh show a large range of chemical variations including diorite, quartz diorite, monzodiorite, quartz monzonite and granite. These are composed of varying proportions of quartz+plagioclase+K-feldspar+biotite+ hornblende±epidote+titanite+magnetite+apatite and zircon. Amphibole and biotite, dominant ferromagnesian minerals, have been analyzed with an electron microprobe. The biotite, Mg-dominant trioctahedral micas, is classified as phlogopitic nature. Relatively high Mg (1.33-1.53 pfu), Mg# (0.52-0.59) and low AlVI (0.13-0.25 pfu) contents in the biotite reflect slightly fractionated magma, which might be a relative indicator for the origin of the parental magma. Biotite is also a very good sensor of oxidation state of the parental magma. Oxygen fugacity of the studied biotites estimate within the QFM and HM buffers and equilibrate at about -12.35 and -12.46, which exhibit the source materials were relatively higher oxidation state during crystallization and related to arc magmatism. Whereas, calcic amphiboles, a parental member of arc-related igneous suite, display consistent oxygen fugacity values (-11.7 to -12.3), low Al# (0.16-0.21) with H2Omelt (5.6 wt.%-9.5 wt.%) suggest their reliability with the typical values of calc-alkaline magma crystallization. The oxygen fugacity of magma is related to its source material, which in turn depends on tectonic setting. Discrimination diagrams and chemical indices of both biotite and amphibole of dioritic rocks reveal calc-alkaline orogenic complexes; mostly I-type suite formed within subduction-related environments. Moreover, igneous micas are used as metallogenic indicator. The biotites with coexisting amphibole compositions show an apparent calc-alkaline trend of differentiation. The study suggests that the trend of oxidized magmas is commonly associated with compressive tectonic and convergent plate boundaries. © 2014 China University of Geosciences and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Bangladesh; basement rock; biotite; Columbia supercontinent; oxygen fugacity; Paleoproterozoic	amphibole; basement rock; biotite; crystallization; fugacity; magma chemistry; magmatism; mineralogy; petrogenesis; phase equilibrium; plate boundary; supercontinent; tectonic setting; Bangladesh; Micas	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920935484	The application of chromatographic gas ratio analysis in reservoir fluid evaluation of “Beta” field in the Congo basin	Mode A.W., Anyiam O.A., Egbujie B.C.	2014	Journal of the Geological Society of India	84	3	10.1007/s12594-014-0133-z	Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Mode, A.W., Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Anyiam, O.A., Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Egbujie, B.C., Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	This study illustrates how real time chromatographic analysis of light hydrocarbons can provide effective fluid characterisation as the reservoir is being penetrated. For the analysis, gas chromatographic data of Methane to Pentane (C1–C5) were collected from the reservoir sections of three wells (A, B and C) in the “Beta Field”, onshore Congo basin. These gas values were plotted on the Pixler plot for the individual wells. Also, the values of their wetness, character and balance ratios were evaluated. The results obtained were compared with the fluid type standard values of the gas ratios, to identify the type of fluid in the formation. The fluid types indicated by these results were then compared with the results obtained through the analysis of the resistivity values from the three wells. These results show that both the chromatographic gas ratio analysis and the resistivity results indicate the same fluid type (oil) in the three wells. © 2014, Geological Society of India.	Congo basin; Fluid identification; Formation evaluation; Gas chromatography	formation mechanism; gas chromatography; gas well; hydrocarbon reservoir; methane; Congo Basin	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919780943	Flow unit characterization: Key to delineating reservoir performance in “Aqua-Field”, Niger Delta, Nigeria	Mode A.W., Anyiam O.A., Onwuchekwa C.N.	2014	Journal of the Geological Society of India	84	6	10.1007/s12594-014-0181-4	Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Mode, A.W., Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Anyiam, O.A., Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Onwuchekwa, C.N., Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	This study presents a cost effective and quantitative method for the characterization of flow units and prediction of hydrocarbon recovery of the reservoirs in wells D and E, “Aqua field”, Niger Delta. It involves petrophysical evaluation of well log data in order to obtain porosity and permeability values which were useful in identifying and characterizing flow units with the help of the Stratigraphic Modified Lorenz Plot (SMLP). This plot was then used to identify the number of flow units, key flow unit characteristics and anticipated production performance of the hydrocarbon bearing reservoir and the data subjected into a numerical simulator that allows better resolution characteristics of the well. The D-1 reservoir interval has five flow units, which comprise both speed zones and baffle intervals. Reservoirs E-1 to E-4 also have a total of 21 flow units. High values of flow unit speed and high angle flow capacity inflexion indicate speed zones which are prone to sharp decline, while baffles of low value flow unit speed and low angle flow capacity show shallow to steady production decline with time. A better understanding of the fluid flow variations within the reservoir intervals helps in the accurate design of reservoir simulation model for effective hydrocarbon recovery and management. © 2014, Geological Society of India.	Flow capacity; Flow unit; Nigeria; Reservoir heterogeneity	flow modeling; fluid flow; hydrocarbon reservoir; oil production; oil well; permeability; porosity; reservoir characterization; reservoir rock; Niger Delta; Nigeria; Human echovirus 1	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953866435	Evaluation of nisin F in the treatment of subcutaneous skin infections, as monitored by using a bioluminescent strain of Staphylococcus aureus	de Kwaadsteniet M., van Reenen C.A., Dicks L.M.T.	2010	Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins	2	2	10.1007/s12602-009-9017-8	Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa	de Kwaadsteniet, M., Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; van Reenen, C.A., Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; Dicks, L.M.T., Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa	The potential of nisin F as an antimicrobial agent in treating subcutaneous skin infections was tested in vivo by infecting C57BL/6 mice with a bioluminescent strain of Staphylococcus aureus (Xen 36). Strain Xen 36 has the luxABCDE operon located on a native plasmid. Mice were grouped into four groups: Infected with strain Xen 36 and treated with nisin F, infected with strain Xen 36 and treated with saline (placebo), not infected and treated with nisin (control) and not infected and not treated (control). The immune systems of the mice were suppressed with deksamethasone. Mice were treated with either nisin F or sterile physiological saline 24 and 48 h after infection with subcutaneously injected S. aureus Xen 36 (4 × 106 CFU). Histology and bioluminescent flux measurements revealed no significant difference between infected mice treated with nisin and saline, respectively. However, infected mice treated with nisin F had an increased number of polymorphonuclear cells when compared with infected mice treated with saline. Also, not infected mice treated with nisin F had an influx of polymorphonuclear cells. Nisin F is thus ineffective in combating deep dermal staphylococcal infections. The apparent immune modulation of nisin when subcutaneously injected has to be investigated. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009.	Nisin F; Staphylococcus aureus; Subcutaneous skin infections	dexamethasone; nisin F; photoprotein; placebo; polypeptide antibiotic agent; protein luxABCDE; sodium chloride; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antibacterial activity; article; bacterial strain; controlled study; histopathology; immune system; in vivo study; luminescence; mouse; nonhuman; operon; plasmid; polymorphonuclear cell; priority journal; rat; staphylococcal skin infection; Staphylococcus aureus; subcutaneous skin infection; subcutaneous tissue; Mus; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-65249119288	Impact of food aid on food variety and dietary diversity of an elderly community in Sharpeville, South Africa	Oldewage-Theron W.H., Kruger R.	2009	Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging	13	4	10.1007/s12603-009-0027-8	Institute of Sustainable Livelihoods, Vaal University of Technology, Private Bag X021, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa; Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Te Kura Hangarau o Kai-oranga-a-tangata, Massey University - Albany Campus, Private Bag 102 904, North Shore, Auckland, New Zealand	Oldewage-Theron, W.H., Institute of Sustainable Livelihoods, Vaal University of Technology, Private Bag X021, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa; Kruger, R., Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Te Kura Hangarau o Kai-oranga-a-tangata, Massey University - Albany Campus, Private Bag 102 904, North Shore, Auckland, New Zealand	Objective: The objective of this paper was to discuss the impact of a two-year food aid intervention programme on dietary diversity and adequacy of an elderly community. This project was undertaken amongst the elderly (n=300), voluntarily attending a day care centre in Sharpeville, South Africa. In a baseline study (2004) in this community the dietary diversity scoring (DDS) method revealed low dietary diversity (3.41) and food variety (4.77) scores (FVS), and a trend that higher scores resulted in a better mean nutrient adequacy ratio. An intervention study, implemented in 2005, aimed to improve the dietary diversity of this elderly community by providing breakfast and lunch five days a week at the care centre. The impact of this food aid was investigated by comparing the DDS, FVS and nutrient adequacy ratios (NAR) before and after the intervention. Methods: The methods included socio-demographic, health, food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), 24 hour-recall (24h-recall), anthropometric and biochemical measurements in 107 elderly people who regularly attended the care centre since 2004. Results: At baseline, the majority of respondents (n=82, 55.1%) were classified with low DDS utilizing 0-3 food groups compared to after the intervention, where 98.1% (n=105) was classified with a high dietary diversity utilizing all nine nutritious food groups. The mean individual DDS of 3.41 that improved to 8.5 after the intervention further supported this. The mean adequacy ratio (MAR) showed a statistically significant improvement from baseline (0.77±0.48) to 1.02±0.66 after the intervention, indicating improvement of the adequacy of the overall diet to meet the daily requirements for this elderly community. Conclusions: The results of this study represent the first demonstration that food aid proved to be an effective short term nutrition intervention that improved the level of dietary diversity. Other food-based approaches or nutrition education activities should be implemented simultaneously to improve self-sufficiency in such a community for long-term effectiveness in terms of nutrient inadequacy and dietary diversity.	Dietary diversity; Elderly; Food variety; Household food insecurity; Nutrient adequacy	aged; article; cereal; clinical assessment; community living; controlled study; day care; dietary intake; elderly care; feeding behavior; fruit; health program; human; legume; macronutrient; meat; nutrient content; nutritional requirement; nutritional status; priority journal; questionnaire; scoring system; South Africa; vegetable; Aged; Diet; Diet Surveys; Female; Food; Food Services; Humans; Male; Nutritive Value; Outcome Assessment (Health Care); Social Welfare; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-83055181508	Performance of rapid DiaMed OptiMal-IT ® malaria test in an endemic Ghanaian setting	Ayeh-Kumi P.F., Akalifa B.G., Nkrumah N.O., Asmah R.H., Dayie N.T.K.D.	2011	Journal of Parasitic Diseases	35	2	10.1007/s12639-011-0045-4	Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, P.O. Box 4236, Accra, Ghana; Navrongo Health Research Centre, P.O. Box 114, Navrongo, Ghana; Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, P.O. Box 4236, Accra, Ghana; University of Ghana School of Allied Health Sciences, P.O. Box KB 143, Accra, Korle-Bu, Ghana	Ayeh-Kumi, P.F., Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, P.O. Box 4236, Accra, Ghana; Akalifa, B.G., Navrongo Health Research Centre, P.O. Box 114, Navrongo, Ghana; Nkrumah, N.O., Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, P.O. Box 4236, Accra, Ghana; Asmah, R.H., University of Ghana School of Allied Health Sciences, P.O. Box KB 143, Accra, Korle-Bu, Ghana; Dayie, N.T.K.D., Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, P.O. Box 4236, Accra, Ghana	At peripheral health facility levels, the diagnosis of malaria is difficult due to lack of infrastructure. In the study reported here, the diagnostic performance of a batch of 'DiaMed OptiMAL-IT' (Cressier, Switzerland) rapid antigen tests were examined in parallel with routine microscopy for a select population of high risk individuals: 202 pregnant women and 200 children less than 5 years old in an endemic setting in Ghana. Results of both diagnostic methods were compared to that of cross-checking microscopy, taken as gold standard, at the Navrongo Health Research Centre. Of the 402 patients, 218 (54.2%) were confirmed with Plasmodium falciparum infections by cross-checking. All 218 patients (100%) were accurately diagnosed with malaria by routine microscopy. Of these, 151 (69.3%) were positive by DiaMed OptiMAL-IT test (26 false positives, 67 false negatives). DiaMed OptiMAL-IT had the following performance indicators for detection of P. falciparum among pregnant women and children less than 5 years respectively: Sensitivity-50.5% [95% CI (40.6-60.3)], 87.7% [95% CI (78.7-92.1)]; Specificity-82.5% [95% CI (73.1-89.1)], 89.6% [95% CI (80.8-94.8)]; Predictive values for positive tests-75.7% [95% CI (63.7-84.8)], 91.6% [95% CI(85.2-95.8%)]; Predictive values for negative tests-60.6% [95% CI (51.7-68.9)], 83.8% [95% CI (74.5-90.3)]; Likelihood ratio for positive tests-2.88, 10.8; Likelihood ratio for negative tests-0.59, 0.19; Cohens Kappa values-0.33 [95% CI (0.20-0.43), 0.76 [95% CI (0.65-0.83)]. Our results suggest that DiaMed OptiMAL-IT tests should not replace microscopy in our endemic setting. © 2011 Indian Society for Parasitology.	Diagnosis; Ghana; Malaria; Performance; Rapid	antimalarial agent; adult; article; child; controlled study; diagnostic procedure; endemic disease; female; Ghana; health care facility; high risk patient; human; laboratory diagnosis; major clinical study; malaria falciparum; malaria test; male; microscopy; nonhuman; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium malariae; Plasmodium ovale; Plasmodium vivax; predictive value; pregnant woman; preschool child; priority journal; school child; screening test; sensitivity and specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896794938	Evaluation of waste process grease as feedstock for biodiesel production	Marx S., Venter R.	2014	Waste and Biomass Valorization	5	1	10.1007/s12649-013-9218-y	Focus Area: Energy Systems, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	Marx, S., Focus Area: Energy Systems, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Venter, R., Focus Area: Energy Systems, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	Awareness of the depletion of fossil energy reserves, the rising demand for energy in the world and the problems associated with the burning of fossil fuel encourage researchers to find alternative energy sources, such as biodiesel. The use of inedible and waste oils as feedstock for biodiesel production is an important way of converting waste into valuable energy products. In this study, waste process grease (WPG) was used to produce biodiesel via two processing routes. The traditional twostep alkaline catalyzed transesterification method (route 1) produced biodiesel that did not conform to the SANS1935 biodiesel standard of South Africa with regard to sulfur and phosphorous levels. The WPG in the second process route was modified by saponification with aqueous sodium hydroxide followed by acidulation with hydrochloric acid to be purified by means of column chromatography. A hydrophobic resin with methanol as the mobile phase was used to reduce the non-polar sulfur from the grease. The crude biodiesel produced by means of acid esterification using sulfuric acid as catalyst was purified using silica gel with hexane as the mobile phase. The sulfur level in the biodiesel was reduced to a low enough level to conform to the SANS1935 standard for biodiesel production. It was shown with this study that waste process grease from the metal working industry can be used to produce biodiesel that conforms to the SANS 1935 specification for sulfur and is suitable to be used in biodiesel blending. A preliminary economic assessment shows that owed to the complexity of the second process route, biodiesel produced by this process is not economically viable given the current petroleum diesel prices. With the rising trend in crude oil prices and the limited supply of feedstock for biodiesel, WPG is anticipated to become a viable feedstock for biodiesel production in future. © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013.	Biodiesel feedstock; Chromatography; Feedstock purification; Phosphorous; Sulfur; Waste process grease	Acid esterification; Alternative energy source; Biodiesel feedstock; Biodiesel production; Economic assessments; Economically viable; Phosphorous; Trans-esterification methods; Blending; Chromatography; Feedstocks; Phosphorus; Proven reserves; Purification; Silica gel; Sulfur; Biodiesel	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928413005	Performance evaluation of the ADSA in a vehicular network: MAC approach in IEEE 802.11p	Feukeu E.A., Djouani K., Kurien A.	2015	Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing	6	3	10.1007/s12652-015-0268-9	Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Build Environment, French South African Institute of Technology, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag x680, Pretoria, South Africa	Feukeu, E.A., Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Build Environment, French South African Institute of Technology, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag x680, Pretoria, South Africa; Djouani, K., Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Build Environment, French South African Institute of Technology, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag x680, Pretoria, South Africa; Kurien, A., Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Build Environment, French South African Institute of Technology, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag x680, Pretoria, South Africa	The added benefits brought by the advent of the Vehicular network (VN) technology have stimulated a lot of hope in the area emergent transportation industries. Two most important factors that have motivated and contributed to the development, design and implementation of the VN standards include the need to ensure safety and the need to consider road accident avoidance strategies. However, the innate dynamic and the high topological mobility of the nodes in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) raise complex and challenging issues with the standard. One of the complexities is the problem posed by Doppler effect (DE) resulting from the high mobility of the VANET nodes. In an attempt to compensate the induced Doppler shift (DS), the Automatic Doppler shift adaptation (ADSA) method was recently introduced to combat DE in a VANET. ADSA proved to be more resilient and effective in term of Bit error rate (BER). Moreover, for realistic applications, BER tests alone are insufficient. Therefore, in this work, a thorough analysis of the method is explored and the strength of the refined ADSA method is evaluated in terms of throughput, elapsed time, packet loss, model efficiency and data transfer rate. These metrics are used to perform a comparative analysis of ADSA versus adaptive modulation code (AMC) and auto-rate fallback (ARF). Results from the analysis shows that the ADSA approach is very effective and has a strong robustness compared to ARF and AMC with up to 300–700 % improvement in throughput and a 60–75 % reduction in consumed time. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Doppler effect; DSRC; MCS; OFDM; WAVE	Ad hoc networks; Bit error rate; Complex networks; Data transfer; Data transfer rates; Doppler effect; Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing; Telecommunication networks; Waves; Auto rate fallbacks; Comparative analysis; Design and implementations; DSRC; MCS; Realistic applications; Transportation industry; Vehicular Adhoc Networks (VANETs); Vehicular ad hoc networks	National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650972083	Natural building stone composed of light-transmissive minerals: Impacts on thermal gradients, weathering and microbial colonization. A preliminary study, tentative interpretations, and future directions	Hall K.	2011	Environmental Earth Sciences	62	2	10.1007/s12665-010-0522-6	Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Geography Program, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada	Hall, K., Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa, Geography Program, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada	A number of modern buildings employing claddings of granites or marbles have experienced bowing of the rock panels together with weathering of the material. Theoretical and field-based data analysis and laboratory experimentation have assumed that heat exchange resulting from incoming solar radiation is at the material surface. However, a number of recent experiments have clearly shown that some lithologies, including both marble and granite, comprise a number of light-transmissive minerals that significantly change the thermal responses in the outer few millimetres of the rock. Further, this translucence will create mineral-to-mineral stresses where light-transmissive minerals are in contact with opaque ones. The whole is further exacerbated by differences in thermal coefficients of expansion and conductivity which themselves may depend on the mineral axis; surface modifiers such as paints further complicate the situation. The degree of light penetration, based on field measurements, can be significant and can facilitate rapid changes in temperature (ΔT/Δt &gt; 2°C min-1) at depth within the rock thereby increasing the sub-surface stresses. The amount of light penetration for any given mineral will be dependent upon material slope, the latitude, season, and albedo. Albedo is identified as a complex variable, changing as a function of the angle of the sun to the particular surface; polished surfaces, as often with cladding, will further influence this. Data analysis suggests that, in the Northern hemisphere, south of the polar circle, the summer may not be the time of the largest heat loading on the southern aspect and that larger loadings, coupled with lower air temperatures, occur early and late in the year. This seasonal impact has great potential for thermal stresses on the southern aspect. The presence of light-transmissive minerals also allows sub-surface biotic colonization and results in weathering. Overall, where light transmissive minerals/lithologies occur the thermal responses are highly complex and in need of more rigorous consideration. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.	Endolithic colonization weathering; Light-transmissive rocks; Monuments; Thermal responses	Air temperature; Building stone; Complex variable; Data analysis; Endolithic colonization weathering; Field measurement; Field-based data; Future directions; Heat exchange; Heat loading; Light penetration; Material surface; Microbial colonization; Modern buildings; Monuments; Northern Hemispheres; Polished surfaces; Rapid changes; Sub-surfaces; Surface modifiers; Thermal coefficients of expansions; Thermal response; Building materials; Data handling; Experiments; Granite; Loading; Marble; Minerals; Rocks; Silicate minerals; Soil mechanics; Solar radiation; Sun; Surface properties; Thermal expansion; Weathering; air temperature; albedo; colonization; data acquisition; granite; laboratory method; latitude; light effect; lithology; marble; measurement method; microbial activity; mineral; monument; Northern Hemisphere; rock; solar radiation; temperature effect; weathering	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865738671	Environmental impact and vulnerability of the surface and ground water system from municipal solid waste disposal site: Koshe, Addis Ababa	Haile T., Abiye T.A.	2012	Environmental Earth Sciences	67	1	10.1007/s12665-011-1480-3	Department of Earth Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, P.O. Box Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa	Haile, T., Department of Earth Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Abiye, T.A., School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, P.O. Box Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa	Geo-environmental assessment and geophysical investigations were carried out over the only functional municipal solid waste disposal site of the city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, known locally as Koshe. The accumulated wastes from Koshe have impact on the surrounding human and physical environment since the disposal site was not designed. The study deserves emphasis because the city of Addis Ababa currently obtains a considerable portion of its domestic water supply from a well field developed not much farther from and along a groundwater flow direction in relation to the waste disposal site. It was found out that the leachates from the site contain high concentration of biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, chloride and sulphate besides high concentration of cobalt, nickel and zinc in the surrounding soils. The geophysical results have mapped weak zones and near-vertical discontinuities that could potentially be conduits for the leachate from the wastes into the deep groundwater system. Further, a zone of potential leachate migration from the landfill was identified from the electrical models; the location of this zone is consistent with the predicted direction of groundwater flow across the site. The results further suggested that the open dump site tends to cause increasing amount of pollution on the surrounding soil, surface and ground waters. Furthermore, it was observed that the Koshe waste disposal site has grown beyond its capacity and the poor management of the open dump landfill has reduced the aesthetic value of the surrounding environments. The need to change/relocate the existing waste disposal site to a more suitable and technologically appropriate site is emphasized. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.	Environmental pollution; Koshe-Addis Ababa; Leachate; Open dump	Aesthetic value; Biological oxygen demand; Deep groundwaters; Disposal sites; Domestic water supply; Electrical models; Environmental pollutions; Ethiopia; Ground water systems; Groundwater flow directions; High concentration; Koshe-Addis Ababa; Leachate migration; Leachates; Open dump; Physical environments; Sulphates; Surrounding environment; Surrounding soils; Waste disposal sites; Biochemical oxygen demand; Chlorine compounds; Cobalt; Environmental impact; Geophysics; Groundwater; Groundwater flow; Leachate treatment; Municipal solid waste; Soil pollution; Waste disposal; bioaccumulation; concentration (composition); environmental assessment; environmental impact; groundwater flow; heavy metal; landfill; leachate; municipal solid waste; numerical model; soil pollution; sulfate; surface water; vulnerability; waste disposal; water pollution; water supply; Addis Ababa; Ethiopia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877669016	Evaluation of unconfined aquifer parameters from flow to partially penetrating wells in Tailan River basin, China	Appiah-Adjei E.K., Shu L., Adjei K.A., Deng M., Wang X.	2013	Environmental Earth Sciences	69	3	10.1007/s12665-012-1965-8	State Key Laboratory of Hydrology, Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China; Department of Geological Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, No. 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China; Department of Water Resources of Xinjiang, Xinjiang, 830063, China	Appiah-Adjei, E.K., State Key Laboratory of Hydrology, Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China, Department of Geological Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Shu, L., State Key Laboratory of Hydrology, Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China, College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, No. 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China; Adjei, K.A., State Key Laboratory of Hydrology, Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China; Deng, M., Department of Water Resources of Xinjiang, Xinjiang, 830063, China; Wang, X., State Key Laboratory of Hydrology, Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China	Effective evaluation, management and abstraction of groundwater resources of any aquifer require accurate and reliable estimates of its hydraulic parameters. This study, therefore, looks at the determination of hydraulic parameters of an unconfined aquifer using both analytical and numerical approaches. A long-duration pumping test data obtained from an unconfined aquifer system within the Tailan River basin in Xinjiang Autonomous Region in the northwest of China is used, in this study, to investigate the best method for estimating the parameters of the aquifer. The pumping test was conducted by pumping from a radial collector well and measuring the response in nine observation wells; all the wells used in the test were partially penetrating. Using two well-known tools, namely AquiferTest and MODFLOW, as an aid for the analytical and numerical approaches, respectively, the parameters of the aquifer were determined and their outputs compared. The estimated horizontal hydraulic conductivity, vertical hydraulic conductivity, and specific yield for the analytical approach are 38.1-50.30 m/day, 3.02-9.05 m/day and 0.204-0.339, respectively, while the corresponding numerical estimates are 20.50-35.24 m/day, 0.10-3.40 m/day, and 0.27-0.31, respectively. Comparing the two, the numerical estimates were found to be more representative of the aquifer in the study area since it simulated the groundwater flow conditions of the pumping test in the aquifer system better than the analytical solution. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.	MODFLOW; Moench solution; Partial penetration; Pumping test; Tailan River basin; Unconfined aquifer	MODFLOW; Partial penetration; Pumping tests; Tailan river basins; Unconfined aquifers; Aquifers; Groundwater flow; Hydraulic conductivity; Pumps; Watersheds; Parameter estimation; aquifer; groundwater flow; hydraulic conductivity; hydraulic property; hydrogeology; mathematical analysis; parameterization; pumping; water resource; well; China; Tailan River; Xinjiang Uygur	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886784599	Evaluation of Naturally Occurring Radioactivity Materials (NORM) of Soil and Sediments in Oil and Gas Wells in Western Niger Delta Region of Nigeria	Agbalagba E.O., Avwiri G.O., Ononugbo C.P.	2013	Environmental Earth Sciences	70	6	10.1007/s12665-013-2312-4	Department of Physics, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Nigeria; Department of Physics, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria	Agbalagba, E.O., Department of Physics, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Nigeria; Avwiri, G.O., Department of Physics, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Ononugbo, C.P., Department of Physics, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria	Oil mineral leases (30, 58 and 61) in Delta and River States are the major oil blocks in the oil and gas rich Niger Delta region of Nigeria that is characterized by environmental degradation from oil and gas activities. This research work presents an analytical approach on natural radioactivity assessment in soil and sediment in 15 oil fields of these OMLs. Concentrations of natural radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th and 40K) were determined using gamma spectroscopy. The mean activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K for OML30 is 40.2 ± 5.1, 29.9 ± 4.2 and 361.5 ± 20.0 Bq kg-1, respectively; the corresponding values obtained for OML58 is 20.9 ± 2.8, 19.4 ± 2.5 and 260.0 ± 14.1 Bq kg-1, respectively. While the mean activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K for OML61 is 29.3 ± 3.5, 21.6 ± 2.6 and 262.1 ± 14.6 Bq kg-1, respectively. These values obtained show enhanced NORMs, but are well within the world range and values reported in some regions and countries of the world, and are slightly above control values, values obtained in Southwestern region of Nigeria and some countries reported average values. The study also examined some radiation hazard indices, the mean values obtained are 86.6 ± 9.3 Bq kg-1, 0.6 Bq kg-1, 40.8 ηGy h-1, 0.05 μSv y-1, 0.2 and 0.3 for radium equivalent activity (Raeq), representative level index (Iγ), absorbed dose rates (D), annual effective dose rates (E ff dose), external hazard index (H ex) and internal hazard index (H in), respectively. These calculated hazard indices to estimate the potential radiological health risk in soil and sediment are well below their permissible limits. The soil and sediments from the study area provide no excessive exposures for the inhabitants and can be used as construction materials without posing any radiological threat or harm to the public users. However, oil-field workers and host community residents are cautioned against excess exposure to avoid future accumulative dose of these radiations from sludge and sediment of this area. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Niger Delta; NORM; Oil field soil; Oil mineral lease	Absorbed dose rates (d); Field soil; Mean activity concentrations; Niger Delta; NORM; Oil mineral lease; Radiation hazard indices; Radium equivalent activity; Natural gas wells; Oil fields; Radiation hazards; Radiology; Soils; Ultraviolet spectroscopy; Sediments; concentration (composition); environmental degradation; gamma ray spectrometry; gas well; hazard assessment; health risk; oil field; oil well; pollution exposure; public health; radioactivity; radionuclide; radium isotope; resident population; sediment pollution; sludge; soil pollution; Niger Delta; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888035894	Evaluation of trace element contents in groundwater in Abakaliki metropolis and around the abandoned mine sites in the southern part, Southeastern Nigeria	Okogbue C.O., Ukpai S.N.	2013	Environmental Earth Sciences	70	7	10.1007/s12665-013-2401-4	Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Okogbue, C.O., Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ukpai, S.N., Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	This study aimed at determining the concentrations of trace elements in the groundwater of Abakaliki urban and some abandoned mine sites in the Southern part. Sixteen trace elements were analyzed for each of the twenty water samples collected. Laboratory results showed that the concentration of manganese varied from 4.816 to 11.238 ppm, zinc from 0.126 to 1.403 ppm, copper from 0.198 to 0.967 ppm, lead from 0.005 to 0.010 ppm, arsenic from 0.001 to 0.009 ppm, chromium from 0.009 to 0.025 mg/l, cadmium from 0.003 to 0.011 mg/l, mercury from 0.001 to 0.005 mg/l, nickel from 0.008 to 0.032 mg/l, selenium from 0.001 to 0.011 ppm, iodine from 0.013 to 0.050 ppm, uranium from 0.001 to 0.006 ppm, platinum from 0.009 to 0.032 ppm, tin from 0.014 to 0.015 ppm, lithium from 0.009 to 0.024 mg/l, cobalt from 0.015 to 0.036 mg/l, and iron from 0.010 to 0.980 ppm. These results were analyzed statistically and their distribution modeled using a software package. The results were also compared with world standards for potable water. The comparison showed that water samples are contaminated with trace elements and particularly polluted with, Mn, Hg, and Cd with average concentration values of 8.43, 0.002, and 0.005 mg/l, all above the World Health Organization standard limits of 0.005, 0.001 and 0.003 mg/l, respectively. Concentrations of Fe, Zn, and Ni are above the permissible limits of 0.30, 0.01, and 0.02 mg/l, respectively, in some places. Health hazards like metal poisoning which can result from pollution of this nature cannot be ruled out. Controlling processes such as chemical dissolutions, mechanical weathering and pollution from urban sewage, release the trace elements to the soil system while chemical dilution, otherwise called leaching, streamlines the trace element plumes to the groundwater regime with dispersion processes mixing and spreading the plume. Dispersion trends of the elements show point sources from the southern part, indicating presence of ore deposits, most likely sulfide ores as interpreted from correlation matrix. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Abakaliki area; Groundwater; Pollution; Trace elements	Abakaliki area; Average concentration; Chemical dissolution; Groundwater regimes; Mechanical weatherings; Southeastern Nigeria; Trace element content; World Health Organization; Abandoned mines; Dispersions; Groundwater; Health hazards; Manganese; Manganese removal (water treatment); Nickel; Ore deposits; Pollution; Potable water; Sewage; Trace elements; Urban growth; Zinc; Groundwater pollution; abandoned mine; concentration (composition); dispersion; dissolution; drinking water; groundwater pollution; metropolitan area; ore deposit; plume; point source pollution; poisoning; pollution monitoring; sewage; software; sulfide; trace element; Abakaliki; Ebonyi; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899136242	The impact of agronomic inputs on selected physicochemical features and their relationships with heavy metals levels in surface sediment and water in sugarcane farms in Nzoia, Kenya	Omwoma S., Lalah J.O., Ongeri D.M.K., Schramm K.-W.	2014	Environmental Earth Sciences	71	10	10.1007/s12665-013-2824-y	Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333-40105, Maseno, Kenya; Department of Chemical Science and Technology, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Technical University of Kenya, P.O. Box 52428-00200, City Square, Nairobi, Kenya; HelmholtzZentrum Muenchen, The German National Research Centre for Environment and Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany	Omwoma, S., Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333-40105, Maseno, Kenya; Lalah, J.O., Department of Chemical Science and Technology, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Technical University of Kenya, P.O. Box 52428-00200, City Square, Nairobi, Kenya; Ongeri, D.M.K., Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333-40105, Maseno, Kenya; Schramm, K.-W., HelmholtzZentrum Muenchen, The German National Research Centre for Environment and Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany	Sugarcane farming is the most important cash crop cultivation activity in the Lake Victoria basin of Kenya practised in an area covering approximately 114,000 Ha in total. For better yields, various agronomic inputs including fertilizers and herbicides have been used intensively in the farms, causing serious concerns about their potential impacts on the aquatic ecosystems within the lake basin. In this study, the physicochemical features of surface sediment and water including pH, total organic carbon contents and heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cr) loads in River Kuywa and in runoff canals in sugarcane farms in Nzoia nucleus estate within the lake basin were determined to assess the effects of agronomic activities including agronomic inputs in the form of nitrogenous fertilizers [urea and diammonium phosphate (DAP)], herbicides and sewage sludge used in farming on their levels. The results indicated significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in the heavy metal levels in sediment and water samples taken before and after the farms, respectively, indicating a positive impact on the concentration levels. The canal water and sediment samples' heavy metal levels were also significantly higher than those of the river samples showing that the influent sugarcane farm canal waters transfer these contaminants into River Kuywa. Although the levels of these parameters were significantly higher in the canals than in the controls obtained from outside the sugarcane farms, the heavy metal levels in soil samples from within the farms with similar agronomic activities did not differ significantly among the various plots. The turbidity, electrical conductivity, temperature, water and soil pH and total organic carbon values in samples obtained within the sugarcane farms showed significant seasonal variations and differed significantly from the values in the controls showing a significant negative impact of agronomic inputs on water quality. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Agronomic inputs; Heavy metals; Kenya; Lake Victoria catchment; River Kuywa; Sugarcane farming	Agronomy; Canals; Catchments; Copper; Heavy metals; Herbicides; Hydraulic structures; Lakes; Lead; Phosphate fertilizers; Rivers; Sewage sludge; Surficial sediments; Urea; Urea fertilizers; Water quality; Weed control; Agronomic inputs; Diammonium phosphates; Electrical conductivity; Kenya; Lake Victoria; Physicochemical features; Sugarcane farmings; Total organic carbon content; River pollution; agronomy; cash cropping; crop yield; cultivation; heavy metal; physiological response; sediment pollution; sugar cane; surface water; water pollution; water quality; East African Lakes; Lake Victoria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901638420	The impact of nitrogenous and phosphorous nutrients from selected point sources in Kisumu City on River Kisat and Nyalenda Wigwa Stream before their discharge into Winam Gulf, Lake Victoria	Musungu P.C., Lalah J.O., Jondiko I.O., Ongeri D.M.K.	2014	Environmental Earth Sciences	71	12	10.1007/s12665-013-2915-9	Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333-40105, Maseno, Kenya; Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Technical University of Kenya, City Square, P.O. Box 52428-00200, Nairobi, Kenya	Musungu, P.C., Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333-40105, Maseno, Kenya; Lalah, J.O., Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Technical University of Kenya, City Square, P.O. Box 52428-00200, Nairobi, Kenya; Jondiko, I.O., Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333-40105, Maseno, Kenya; Ongeri, D.M.K., Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333-40105, Maseno, Kenya	Various industrial facilities including a fish-processing factory, a matchbox factory, a flour mill and a landfill, all in Kisumu City in Kenya, were studied and found to discharge significant amounts of NO2 --N, NO3 --N, org N, total N and total P into River Kisat and Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria, with % increases in the mean levels at the outlets of these facilities ranging from 9.6 to 200, 5.9 to 43.5, 9.3 to 96.1, 8.1 to 35.5 and 9.7 to 50.5 %, respectively. The concentrations of NO2 --N, NO3 --N, NH3-N, org N and total N attributable to these facilities increased by 1,509, 51.1, 112.6, 97.5 and 90.6 %, respectively, at the point of entry into Rive Kisat. The Nyalenda Wastewater Stabilization Ponds reduced the mean levels of NO2 --N, NO3 --N, org N, total N and T-P by 50, 10.4, 16.6, 7.8 and 30.8 %, respectively, indicating low efficacy of their removal and potential impact on water quality in Lake Victoria. The efficacy of the Kisat wastewater treatment plant was also found to be very low with % reductions of the analysed nutrients ranging from 2.82 to 41.30 %. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Environmental assessment; Kisumu City; Lake Victoria; N, P nutrients	Nitrogen oxides; Nutrients; Sewage lagoons; Stabilization ponds; Water quality; Environmental assessment; Industrial facilities; Kisumu City; Lake Victoria; Point of entries; Potential impacts; Wastewater stabilization ponds; Wastewater treatment plants; Lakes; ammonia; environmental assessment; food processing; industrialization; landfill; nitrogen; nitrogen dioxide; nutrient; phosphorus; point source; river pollution; stream; wastewater; water quality; East African Lakes; Kenya; Kisumu; Lake Victoria; Nyanza; Winam Gulf	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919863409	Using impacts of deep-level mining to research karst hydrology—a Darcy-based approach to predict the future of dried-up dolomitic springs in the Far West Rand goldfield (South Africa). Part 1: a conceptual model of recharge and inter-compartmental flow	Schrader A., Winde F., Erasmus E.	2014	Environmental Earth Sciences	72	9	10.1007/s12665-014-3263-0	North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Mine Water Re-Search Group, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa	Schrader, A., North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Winde, F., Mine Water Re-Search Group, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa; Erasmus, E., Mine Water Re-Search Group, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa	Some of the world’s deepest goldmines are located in the Far West Rand (FWR) goldfield operating below of up to 1.2-km-thick dolomites hosting some of the largest karst aquifers in South Africa. Associated impacts include the dewatering of the overlying karst aquifers as well as linking previously disconnected compartments by mining through aquicludes (dykes). The focus of the study is on predicting groundwater balances in re-watered aquifers after mining ceases as this will determine whether or not associated karst springs that dried-up due to dewatering will ever flow again. Critically revisiting, Swart et al. (Environ Geol 44:751–770, 2003a) who predict that all springs will flow again, this study uses significantly larger data sets and modified assumptions to increase the robustness of findings as the question is crucial for post-closure development. As a first of two papers, this part develops a conceptual model on the mega-compartment concept that predicts a flat water table across all linked compartments that would leave the springs dry. The model identifies the ratio between inflowing surface water (recharge) and underground water losses to downstream compartments via mined-through dykes (‘inter-compartmental groundwater flow’, IGF) as a key factor governing the elevation of the post-mining water table, creating the base for part 2, where the IGF and the post-mining water tables are determined using unique large data sets that have not been evaluated before. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Dewatering; Dolomitic compartments; Mega-compartment concept; Post-mining spring flow; Re-watering	Aquifers; Dewatering; Forecasting; Gold; Groundwater; Groundwater flow; Groundwater resources; Hydrogeology; Landforms; Springs (water); Surface waters; Conceptual model; Deep-level mining; Dolomitic compartments; Karst hydrology; Large datasets; Mega-compartment concept; Re-watering; Spring flow; Recharging (underground waters); conceptual framework; Darcy law; data set; dewatering; dike; dolomite; environmental impact; gold mine; groundwater flow; karst hydrology; prediction; recharge; water budget; water table; South Africa; Centrostegia thurberi	86331, NRF, National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907092997	Using impacts of deep-level mining to research karst hydrology—a Darcy-based approach to predict the future of dried-up dolomitic springs in the Far West Rand goldfield (South Africa). Part 2: predicting inter-compartmental flow and final groundwater tabl	Schrader A., Winde F., Erasmus E.	2014	Environmental Earth Sciences	72	7	10.1007/s12665-014-3298-2	North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Mine Water Re-Search Group, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa	Schrader, A., North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Winde, F., Mine Water Re-Search Group, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa; Erasmus, E., Mine Water Re-Search Group, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa	Some of the world’s deepest goldmines operate below dolomitic karst aquifers in the Far West Rand (FWR) goldfield, South Africa. Associated impacts include the continuous dewatering of karst aquifers for over six decades and irreversible changes of the hydrogeological setting. Affecting an area of approximately 400 km2 by drawing down the water table up to 700 m, these impacts, and the large amounts of data generated in the process, are used as unique research opportunities to better understand the complex karst hydrology. The focus of this study is on predicting final water table elevations in rewatered aquifers after mining ceases taking the fact that mines hydraulically linked previously disconnected aquifers into account. While part 1 of this series develops the conceptual model, this second part utilises large sets of pertinent data to calculate actual flow rates for predicting the fate of dried up springs after mine closure. Following a Darcy-based approach first applied by Swart et al. (Environ Geol 44:751–770, 2003a) it is not only predicted that the springs will flow again but also shown that linear relationships exist between flow rates through a combined system of karst-fractured aquifers overlying the mine void and the associated hydraulic head driving them. This suggests that—at this scale—porous media-based equations can be meaningfully used to predict flow in non-porous media. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Darcy’s law; Deep-level mining; Dewatered dolomitic compartments; Dried-up karst springs; Post-mine closure rewatering	Aquifers; Dewatering; Flow rate; Forecasting; Gold; Groundwater resources; Landforms; Plant shutdowns; Porous materials; Springs (water); Deep-level mining; Dewatered dolomitic compartments; Hydrogeological settings; Karst springs; Large amounts of data; Re-watering; Research opportunities; Water table elevation; Hydrogeology; closure; dewatering; hydraulic head; karst; karst hydrology; mining; water flow; water table; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920709894	Impact of land use types on the concentrations of metals in soils of urban environment in Nigeria	Iwegbue C.M.A.	2014	Environmental Earth Sciences	72	11	10.1007/s12665-014-3355-x	Metals and Trace Organics Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria; School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa	Iwegbue, C.M.A., Metals and Trace Organics Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa	The concentrations of metals (Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) were determined in soils under different land use types in an urban environment in order to study the impact of land uses on the concentrations of metals in the soils. The mean concentration range of metals for all land use types were 42.1 to 410, 11.2 to 118.2, 4388.2 to 31891.1, 9.7 to 65.4, 0.1 to 1.8, 4.7 to 35.2, 2.0 to 16.8 and 77.9 to 881.7 mg/kg, for Mn, Pb, Fe, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni and Zn, respectively. The computed multiple pollution index (MPI) indicated that 67 % of the examined sites had MPI values between 1 and 20 i.e. at the pollution range, while 33 % of sites had MPI values of zero which indicated that these sites were not polluted with the studied metals. Zinc had the highest impact on the multiple pollution index values. Three main principal components were identified from the principal component analysis which include (i) Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr and Ni originating from both industrial and agricultural sources, and as well as automobile exhausts; (ii) Fe and Mn which originated from both natural and anthropogenic sources; (iii) Cd which its anthropogenic origin is different from components I and II. This study provided information on the sources of metals in the urban environment and extent of contamination associated with each land use, which are useful in the ranking of contaminated sites, environmental quality management, environmental forensic studies and guidance for remediation/redevelopment of contaminated land. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Contamination/pollution index; Land use; Metals; Urban soil	Cadmium; Contamination; Copper; Land use; Lead; Manganese; Metals; Nickel; Principal component analysis; Quality management; Remediation; Soil pollution; Soils; Urban growth; Urban planning; Zinc; Agricultural sources; Anthropogenic origin; Anthropogenic sources; Contamination/pollution indices; Different land use types; Environmental forensics; Environmental quality; Urban soils; Pollution	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920710089	Evaluation of the physico-chemical properties of groundwater from shallow wells in Enugu town, Nigeria	Okeke H.C., Okoyeh E.I., Utom A.U., Anike O.L., Enekwechi E.K.	2014	Environmental Earth Sciences	73	1	10.1007/s12665-014-3427-y	Department of Geological Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria; Works Department Federal Polytechnic Oko, Oko, Nigeria	Okeke, H.C., Department of Geological Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria; Okoyeh, E.I., Department of Geological Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria; Utom, A.U., Department of Geological Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria; Anike, O.L., Department of Geological Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria; Enekwechi, E.K., Works Department Federal Polytechnic Oko, Oko, Nigeria	Nineteen shallow groundwater samples from Enugu town Southeastern, Nigeria were assessed for groundwater quality. The analytical result showed that Cl− correlated positively with EC and TDS, while NO<inf>3</inf>− also displayed strong correlation with Ca2+ and Mg2+. The trend of the cation and anion abundance from the analysis was K+ > Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg2+ and SO<inf>4</inf>2− > Cl− > NO<inf>3</inf>− > HCO<inf>3</inf>−, respectively. The dominant hydrochemical facies consisting 68 % of the water samples fall under the Na+–K+–Cl−–SO<inf>4</inf>2− type based on the Piper diagram. Few samples fall under Ca2+–Mg2+–Cl−–SO<inf>4</inf>2− water type. The Wilcox diagram indicates that the water of the area under study can be classified as excellent to good, with one under doubtful to unsuitable category. Based on the US salinity plot, the shallow groundwater samples can be classified as good with all the samples falling in the C1S1 field. The analytical plot on the US salinity diagram and the Wilcox diagram reveals that the groundwater samples are suitable for irrigation except for sample SWG-2. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Enugu; Groundwater; Irrigation; Nigeria; Sustainable development; Water quality	Calcium; Chlorine; Groundwater; Irrigation; Sustainable development; Water quality; Analytical results; Enugu; Hydrochemical facies; Nigeria; Physicochemical property; Shallow groundwater; Strong correlation; Water samples; Hydrochemistry	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920710058	Assessment of the activity of radionuclides and radiological impacts of consuming underground water in Kumasi, Ghana	Darko G., Faanu A., Akoto O., Atta-Agyeman F., Aikins M.A., Agyemang B., Ibrahim A.	2014	Environmental Earth Sciences	73	1	10.1007/s12665-014-3433-0	Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Radiation Protection Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana	Darko, G., Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Faanu, A., Radiation Protection Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana; Akoto, O., Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Atta-Agyeman, F., Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Aikins, M.A., Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Agyemang, B., Radiation Protection Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana; Ibrahim, A., Radiation Protection Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana	The gross α–β activities of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in underground water samples were determined and γ spectroscopy measurements made as well. The gross α–β concentrations were measured using a low background gasless automatic α–β counting system calibrated with 241Am and 90Sr standards for α and β, respectively, while γ analyses were carried out using γ spectrometry system coupled to a NaI (TI) detector and measuring assembly. Gross α activities in the water samples varied from 15.7 to 142.7 mBq/L, registering an average value of 40.7 ± 12 mBq/L, whereas gross β activities ranged from 89.3 to 400 mBq/L. The activities of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were 22.41 ± 6.07, 114.62 ± 13.01 and 227.38 ± 12.16 mBq/L, respectively. The mean annual effective dose due to water consumption was determined to be 7.00 ± 0.86 µSv/year per inhabitant. The gross α–β levels, the activities obtained for the three radionuclides and the annual effective dose were all within the WHO safe limits. This study indicates that underground water in the areas sampled is radiologically safe for consumption. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Gross alpha; Gross β; Radioactivity; Radionuclides; Water	Groundwater; Radioactivity; Ultraviolet spectroscopy; Water; Annual effective dose; Gamma spectrometry; Gamma spectroscopy; Gross alpha; Gross alpha activities; Mean annual effective dose; Radiological impacts; Water consumption; Radioisotopes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925500432	Evaluation of hydrochemical characteristics and flow directions of groundwater quality in Udi Local Government Area Enugu State, Nigeria	Chukwura U.O., Udom G.J., Cuthbert S.J., Hursthouse A.S.	2015	Environmental Earth Sciences	73	8	10.1007/s12665-014-3741-4	Department of Geology, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria; School of Science and Sport, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, United Kingdom	Chukwura, U.O., Department of Geology, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria, School of Science and Sport, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, United Kingdom; Udom, G.J., Department of Geology, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria; Cuthbert, S.J., School of Science and Sport, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, United Kingdom; Hursthouse, A.S., School of Science and Sport, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, United Kingdom	A hydrogeological study was conducted at the Udi Local Government Area in south-eastern region of Nigeria to examine the hydrochemical constituent of groundwater and determine the quality for drinking and agricultural purposes. Results show that groundwater in the area is slightly acidic to slightly basic, soft and potable, when compared with the World Health Organisation standards for drinking water, and is suitable for agricultural purposes. The groundwater flow direction was determined to establish the implications of pollution from any water contamination. Twenty-one groundwater samples from existing boreholes were collected and analysed for various physicochemical parameters using standard field and laboratory techniques. Distribution of major ions was plotted on a Trilinear Piper diagram. Ajali Sandstone, known as major aquiferous layer in the area, outcrops predominately in sandy bed with medium to coarse-grained sediments. The aquifers are unconfined, semi-confined and with hydraulic conductivity values ranging from 9.0 × 10−2 to 8.5 × 10−2 m/day indicating medium transmissivity of groundwater in some areas and a flow net south to northward groundwater flow towards the coast. This explains why the aquifer does not appear to be very permeable and only provides a medium yield of good quality water in some regions of the study area. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Groundwater flow; Groundwater quality; Guinea savannah; Hydrochemistry; Nigeria; Tropical rain forest	Agriculture; Aquifers; Groundwater flow; Groundwater geochemistry; Groundwater resources; Hydrochemistry; Hydrogeology; Potable water; Water quality; Coarse-grained sediments; Ground-water qualities; Groundwater flow directions; Guinea savannah; Hydrochemical characteristics; Nigeria; Physicochemical parameters; Tropical rain forest; Groundwater pollution	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84932199472	Environmental and health impact of potentially harmful elements distribution in the Panyam (Sura) volcanic province, Jos Plateau, Central Nigeria	Lar U.A., Gusikit R.B.	2015	Environmental Earth Sciences	74	2	10.1007/s12665-015-4178-0	Department of Geology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria	Lar, U.A., Department of Geology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria; Gusikit, R.B., Department of Geology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria	The Panyam volcanic province is a plateau covering a superficial area of about 1200 km2, dotted by a number of dormant volcanoes forming prominent landmarks above the host continental gneiss–migmatite–granite rocks and stretching for about 12 km. The volcanism is basaltic, characterized by alkaline–calc–alkaline compositions. Large population of people live and depend on the volcanic environment for potable water and agriculture, most of whom display various forms of health problems ranging from dental caries, goitre, podoconiosis, etc. This study therefore seeks to evaluate the concentration levels of potentially harmful elements (PHEs) in the various components of the volcanic environment and their relationship with the inherent human health problems in the area. Volcanic soils and underground waters (springs/boreholes waters) were collected from within the volcanic province for the analysis of major cations and anions. Samples of the volcanic soils were analyzed for the following heavy elements; Be, Co, Cr, Cu, As, Cd, Pb, Sb, Se, V, and Zn. Water samples were analyzed for the major cations (Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+ and K+) and major anions (NO<inf>3</inf>2-, SO<inf>4</inf>2-, Cl−, HCO<inf>3</inf>- and F−) to determine their hydrogeochemical characteristics so as to identify the major sources of the cations and anions and factors controlling their distribution. The volcanic soils display mean values in Be, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, Sb and Se above the baseline regional values with enrichment factors (EF) (2 ≤ EF ≤ 5) indicating moderate to strong enrichment in the volcanic soils. Contrarily, there is clear impoverishment of As, Cd, Cu, V and Zn in the volcanic soils relative to the baseline values (0 ≤ EF ≤ 2). Except for Ni and Se which seem to have contaminated the volcanic soils [pollution load index (PLI) > 1], these other elements As, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Sb, V and Zn with PLI < 1 did not, possibly suggesting little or no anthropogenic input. The rare earth elements (REEs) are equally enriched in the volcanic soils and like most of the other PHEs, they must have been scavenged and co-precipitated with Fe during the weathering of the parent basaltic rock. The significantly lower La/Ce ratios (0.30–0.57) in the volcanic soils attest to the moderate to slightly severe intensity of weathering the parent basaltic rock was subjected to. The waters are predominantly (80 %) of Ca–Mg–HCO<inf>3</inf> type with the remaining 20 % of Na–K–HCO<inf>3</inf> type suggesting a control by water–rock alteration process from the host granitic basement and the overlying basaltic rocks. The fluoride content in all the water sources is positively correlated with the contents of Mg2+, Na+, and K+ suggesting a similar source and geochemical process. Tooth decay, a common tooth disease conditions in the volcanic province, could be linked to the low F content in the waters. © 2015, The Author(s).	Basaltic rocks; Human health; Jos Plateau; Panyam volcanic line; PHEs; Volcanoes	Basalt; Beryllium; Calcium; Chemical elements; Exploratory geochemistry; Groundwater; Health; Ions; Lead; Nickel; Positive ions; Potable water; Rocks; Soil pollution; Soils; Stretching; Volcanoes; Weathering; Zinc; Basaltic rocks; Human health; Jos Plateau; Panyam volcanic line; PHEs; Volcanic rocks; alkalinity; basalt; baseline conditions; basement rock; borehole; concentration (composition); dental health; enrichment; environmental impact assessment; gneiss; granite; health impact; heavy metal; heritability; hydrogeochemistry; ionic composition; migmatite; parent material; precipitation (chemistry); public health; rare earth element; scavenging (chemistry); soil pollution; spatial distribution; spring (hydrology); volcanic soil; volcanism; water-rock interaction; weathering; Jos Plateau; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84944865482	Electrochemical performance of Anthocleista djalonensis on steel-reinforcement corrosion in concrete immersed in saline/marine simulating-environment	Okeniyi J.O., Loto C.A., Popoola A.P.I.	2014	Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals	67	6	10.1007/s12666-014-0424-5	Mechanical Engineering Department, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria; Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	Okeniyi, J.O., Mechanical Engineering Department, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria; Loto, C.A., Mechanical Engineering Department, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria, Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Popoola, A.P.I., Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	In this paper, electrochemical techniques were employed to study performance of different concentrations of Anthocleista djalonensis leaf-extract admixtures on the corrosion of steel-reinforcement in concrete immersed in 3.5 % NaCl, for simulating saline/marine environment. Analysed test-results showed that the corrosion rate correlated directly with admixture concentration and inversely with cube of the ratio of standard deviations of corrosion potential and corrosion current. The 0.4167 % A. djalonensis (per weight of cement) exhibited optimal inhibition efficiency, g = 97.43 ± 1.20 %, from analysed experimental data, or 94.80 ± 3.39 %, from predicted correlation model, on steel-reinforcement corrosion in the medium. The other admixture concentrations also exhibited high efficiencies at inhibiting steel-reinforcement corrosion in the chloride contaminated environment. Isotherm fittings of he experimental and predicted performance suggest that they both obeyed the Langmuir adsorption model. Evaluated parameters from the isotherm model indicated favourable adsorption and predominant chemisorption mechanism by this environmentally-friendly inhibitor of steel-reinforcement corrosion in the saline/marine simulating- environment. © 2014, The Indian Institute of Metals - IIM.	Correlation analyses; Electrochemical techniques; Green-inhibitor; Inhibition efficiency; Saline/marine environment; Steel-rebar corrosion	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905178458	High-Performance and Durable Membrane Electrode Assemblies for High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells	Su H., Felix C., Barron O., Bujlo P., Bladergroen B.J., Pollet B.G., Pasupathi S.	2014	Electrocatalysis	5	4	10.1007/s12678-014-0202-5	HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa	Su, H., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Felix, C., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Barron, O., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Bujlo, P., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Bladergroen, B.J., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Pollet, B.G., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Pasupathi, S., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa	Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) with gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) fabricated by various catalyst layer (CL) deposit technologies were investigated for the application of high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC). The physical properties of the GDEs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and pore size distribution. The electrochemical properties were evaluated and analyzed by polarization curve, Tafel equation, electrochemistry impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The results showed that the electrodes prepared by ultrasonic spraying and automatic catalyst spraying under irradiation (ACSUI) methods have superior CL structure and high electrochemistry activity, resulting in high fuel cell performances. Durability tests revealed the feasibility of the electrodes for long-term HT-PEMFC operation. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Catalyst layer; Gas diffusion electrode; High-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell; Membrane electrode assembly; Polybenzimidazole	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924807774	The Effects of Cathode Parameters on the Performance of Poly(2,5-Benzimidazole)-Based Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell	Maiyalagan T., Pasupathi S., Pollet B.G.	2015	Electrocatalysis	6	2	10.1007/s12678-014-0228-8	HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Modderdam Road, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa	Maiyalagan, T., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Modderdam Road, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa; Pasupathi, S., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Modderdam Road, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa; Pollet, B.G., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Modderdam Road, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa	The effects of electrode parameters on membrane electrode assembly performance including Pt loading, hydrophobicity during heat treatment, catalyst layer thickness and the amount of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in the cathode are investigated. The fuel cell performance is maximized via catalyst utilization by optimizing the phosphoric acid content in the electrodes. Heat treatment of gas diffusion electrode results in an increase in hydrophobicity and a decrease in phosphoric acid content in the catalyst layer, which drastically affects the fuel cell performance. In our conditions, a maximum fuel cell performance of 270 mW cm−2 was achieved at 160 °C with air using 1 mg Pt cm−2 total catalyst loading (20 % PTFE). The fuel cell performance and the poisoning effect of carbon monoxide in poly(2,5-benzimidazole) (ABPBI)-membrane-based high-temperature membrane electrode assemblies were investigated with respect to carbon monoxide concentrations. Fuel cell performance of Pt alloys (Pt-Cu/C, Pt-Fe/C, Pt-Ni/C) is compared with that of Pt/C at temperatures between 140 and 180 °C. It was observed that Pt-Cu/C alloy catalysts exhibit higher performance with lower catalyst loadings (0.4 mg Pt cm−2) than Pt/C catalyst. The performance of alloy catalysts follows the order of Pt-Cu/C &gt; Pt-Fe/C &gt; Pt-Ni/C &gt; Pt/C. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media New York.	ABPBI; Electrode performance; Gas diffusion electrode; HT-PEMFCs; Membrane electrode assembly; Phosphoric acid; Pt alloy catalysts	None	KP1-S01, DST, Department of Science and Technology, Republic of South Africa
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939883925	Experiences and Unmet Needs of Women Undergoing Pap Smear Cervical Cancer Screening: Impact on Uptake of Cervical Cancer Screening in South Eastern Nigeria	Chigbu C.O., Onyebuchi A.K., Egbuji C.C., Ezugwu E.C.	2015	Journal of Cancer Education	30	1	10.1007/s13187-014-0691-1	University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria; Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria	Chigbu, C.O., University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria; Onyebuchi, A.K., Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria; Egbuji, C.C., Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria; Ezugwu, E.C., University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria	The burden of cervical cancer is on the increase in sub-Saharan Africa mainly due to inadequate provision and utilisation of cervical cancer prevention services. Several evidence-based strategies have been deployed to improve cervical cancer screening uptake without much success. However, patients’ experiences and satisfaction with service provision has not been adequately studied. Inefficiencies in service delivery and less fulfilling experiences by women who attend cervical cancer screening could have considerable impact in future voluntary uptake of cervical cancer screening. Six hundred and eighty women who underwent Pap smear screening in three health care facilities in two states in south eastern Nigeria were interviewed to evaluate their satisfaction, willingness to undertake future voluntary screening, unmet needs and correlation between satisfaction level and willingness to undergo future screening. Satisfaction with Pap smear screening correlated positively with willingness to undertake future voluntary screening (Pearson’s correlation coefficient = 0.78, P = 0.001). The mean satisfaction score was significantly higher among participants handled by nurses than those handled by the physicians (3.16 ± 0.94 vs 2.52 ± 0.77, P = 0.001). ‘Scrapping discomfort’ of the spatula was reported as the most dissatisfying aspect of Pap smear experience. The need for less invasive screening procedures was the most unmet need. It was concluded that improving the Pap smear screening experience of women and providing less invasive methods of cervical cancer screening with immediate results could improve uptake of cervical cancer screening in south eastern Nigeria. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Cervical cancer screening; Experiences; Nigeria; Unmet needs; Uptake	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863985000	Quality evaluation of stiff porridges prepared from Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum) and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) starch blends	Abu J.O., Enyinnaya C.C., James S., Okeleke E.	2012	Journal of Food Science and Technology	49	3	10.1007/s13197-011-0287-2	Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Nigeria; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria	Abu, J.O., Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Nigeria; Enyinnaya, C.C., Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria; James, S., Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria; Okeleke, E., Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria	Quality attributes of stiff porridges prepared from Irish potato and pigeon pea starch blends were studied. Starches were extracted from Irish potato and pigeon pea using a wet extraction method. Various ratios of the starches were mixed and analyzed for chemical, functional and pasting properties. The starch blends were then prepared into stiff porridges for sensory evaluation using a 20-man sensory panel. Substitution of Irish potato starch with pigeon pea starch led to increases in protein (0.15 to 1.2%), fat (0.26 to 0.56%) and ash (0.30 to 0.69%) while the amylose content of the starch blends decreased (from 23.8 to 18.4%) respectively. Functional properties such as bulk density (0.75 to 0.60 g/cm 3), water absorption capacity (3.1 to 2.6 g water/ g sample) and dispersibility (58.6 to 42.7%) decreased significantly (P&lt;0.05) at the highest concentration (50%) of pigeon pea starch respectively. Pasting properties such as peak, breakdown, final and setback viscosities increased with increasing levels of pigeon pea starch while peak time and pasting temperature decreased. The sensory attributes of stiff porridges were not adversely affected by pigeon pea starch inclusion. Therefore it should be possible to incorporate up to 50% of low digestible pigeon pea starch into Irish potato starch from legumes such as pigeon pea as alternatives to cassava starch in the preparation of stiff porridges. Such porridges made from Irish potato and legume starches could provide additional incentive for individuals requiring decreased and or slow starch digestibility such as diabetics. © Association of Food Scientists &amp; Technologists (India) 2011.	Chemical; Functional; Pasting and sensory properties; Pigeon pea; Potato; Starch; Stiff porridge	Functional; Pigeon pea; Potato; Sensory properties; Stiff porridge; Chemical analysis; Chemicals; Starch; Cajanus cajan; Manihot esculenta; Solanum tuberosum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84916943720	Physicochemical and sensory evaluation of some cooking banana (Musa spp.) for boiling and frying process	Belayneh M., Workneh T.S., Belew D.	2014	Journal of Food Science and Technology	51	12	10.1007/s13197-013-0940-z	School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Private Bag X0l, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa	Belayneh, M., School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Private Bag X0l, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa; Workneh, T.S., School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Private Bag X0l, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa; Belew, D., School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Private Bag X0l, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa	Experiments were conducted to study physicochemical properties of four cooking banana varieties (Cardaba, Nijiru, Matoke and Kitawira) and to determine their suitability for chips processing and boiling quality. A randomized complete block design with three replications was employed. Pulp to peel ratio, pulp firmness (before and after), total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, ease of peeling, pulp water absorption, duration of cooking (or boiling) and dry matter are the most important parameters to evaluate the quality of cooking banana including plantain. The different variety affected the fruit physical characteristics significantly (P ≤ 0.05). The Cardaba varieties fruit was found to be the heaviest and the longest. The Kitawira and Nijiru varieties had the smallest, shortest and thinnest fruit. The Cardaba contained 88 % more edible portions per unit fresh weight than the peel. The Nijiru, Matoke and Kitawira contained more pulp weight than peel weight. Most fruit chemical quality parameters were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by the varieties. Similarly, the boiling and chips qualities were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by varieties. Among others, the Cardaba variety was found to have high fruit weight, fruit length, fruit girth, fruit volume, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, dry matter and low total titratable acidity. Thus, Cardaba provided the best quality boiled pulp which can serve for diversified culinary purposes. Generally, the Nijiru, Kitawira and Matoke varieties were found to be superior to produce acceptable quality chips. These varieties are recommended for chips development by food processors in Ethiopia. © 2013, Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India).	Banana; Boiling; Cooking; Physicochemical; Sensory quality	Ascorbic acid; Boiling liquids; Cooking; Fruits; Quality control; Sensory perception; Soil conditioners; Water absorption; Water quality; Banana; Physical characteristics; Physicochemical; Physicochemical property; Sensory evaluation; Sensory qualities; Titratable acidity; Total soluble solids; Pulp cooking; Musa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921067934	Production and microbial evaluation of table wine from tamarind (Tamarindus indica) and soursop (Annona muricata)	Mbaeyi-Nwaoha I.E., Ajumobi C.N.	2015	Journal of Food Science and Technology	52	1	10.1007/s13197-013-0972-4	Department of Food Science &Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Mbaeyi-Nwaoha, I.E., Department of Food Science &Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ajumobi, C.N., Department of Food Science &Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Table wine was formulated using Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) and Soursop (Annona muricata). Their “must” were extracted and fermented with sugar and wine yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The tamarind and soursop juice were prepared at the concentration level (0 % and 100 %). Tamarind and soursop wine were blended in the ratios of (100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50,) and were subjected to fermentation. The most preferred juice and wine were obtained from sensory evaluation procedures which considered the attributes of flavour, taste, consistency, aftertaste and overall acceptability. The most preferred sample was then subjected to proximate, micro-nutrient, physico-chemical and microbial analysis. The results obtained showed that tamarind, soursop juice and wine respectively were rich in carbohydrate (56.60–63.04 % and 64.74–71.19 %), vitamin C (34.97–29.90 mg/ml and 22.22–21.24 mg/ml) and the products were influenced by reducing sugar (12.55–10.78 mg/100 ml and 8.33–7.42 mg/100 ml) as well as other acids. The alcoholic content of tamarind wine was 8.14 % V while that of soursop wine was 6.29 % V. There was decrease in pH due to fermentation process. No coliform grew which implied that there was no faecal contamination and samples were safe for consumption. There was no significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) in the overall acceptability in the entire product treated differently. © 2013, Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India).	Soursop; Table wine; Tamarind	Chemical analysis; Fermentation; Yeast; Concentration levels; Faecal contamination; Fermentation process; Microbial analysis; Overall acceptability; Sensory evaluation; Soursop; Tamarind; Wine	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939415468	Performance of a convective, infrared and combined infrared- convective heated conveyor-belt dryer	El-Mesery H.S., Mwithiga G.	2015	Journal of Food Science and Technology	52	5	10.1007/s13197-014-1347-1	School of Engineering, BEFG, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	El-Mesery, H.S., School of Engineering, BEFG, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Mwithiga, G., School of Engineering, BEFG, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	A conveyor-belt dryer was developed using a combined infrared and hot air heating system that can be used in the drying of fruits and vegetables. The drying system having two chambers was fitted with infrared radiation heaters and through-flow hot air was provided from a convective heating system. The system was designed to operate under either infrared radiation and cold air (IR-CA) settings of 2000 W/m2 with forced ambient air at 30 °C and air flow of 0.6 m/s or combined infrared and hot air convection (IR-HA) dryer setting with infrared intensity set at 2000 W/m2 and hot at 60 °C being blown through the dryer at a velocity of 0.6 m/s or hot air convection (HA) at an air temperature of 60 °C and air flow velocity 0.6 m/s but without infrared heating. Apple slices dried under the different dryer settings were evaluated for quality and energy requirements. It was found that drying of apple (Golden Delicious) slices took place in the falling rate drying period and no constant rate period of drying was observed under any of the test conditions. The IR-HA setting was 57.5 and 39.1 % faster than IR-CA and HA setting, respectively. Specific energy consumption was lower and thermal efficiency was higher for the IR-HA setting when compared to both IR-CA and HA settings. The rehydration ratio, shrinkage and colour properties of apples dried under IR-HA conditions were better than for either IR-CA or HA. © 2014, Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India).	Apple slices; Colour; Dryer settings; Drying rate; Hot air convection; Infrared radiation; Rehydration; Shrinkage; Specific energy consumption; Thermal efficiency	Air; Belt conveyors; Color; Conveyors; Dryers (equipment); Drying; Energy efficiency; Energy utilization; Flow velocity; Fruits; Heat radiation; Heating equipment; Infrared radiation; Plants (botany); Shrinkage; Thermal processing (foods); Apple slices; Drying rates; Hot air convection; Rehydration; Specific energy consumption; Thermal efficiency; Infrared drying; Malus x domestica	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863748844	Prediction of reservoir performance in multi-well systems using modified hyperbolic model	Adeboye Y.B., Ubani C.E., Oribayo O.	2011	Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology	1	04-Feb	10.1007/s13202-011-0009-3	Department of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, University of Port-Harcourt, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka	Adeboye, Y.B., Department of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria; Ubani, C.E., Department of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, University of Port-Harcourt, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria; Oribayo, O., Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria	Decline curve analyses are usually based on empirical Arps' equations: exponential, hyperbolic and harmonic decline. The applicable decline for the purpose of reservoir estimates is usually based on the historical trend that is seen on the well or reservoir performance. This remains an important tool for the reservoir engineer, so that the practice of decline curve analysis has been developed over the years through both theoretical and empirical considerations. Despite the fact that the fundamental principles are well known and understood, there are aspects which can still lead to a range of forecast and reserve estimates that until now have not been investigated. In this work, a model was developed considering the effect of well aggregation and interference in multi-well systems. This approach accounts for the entire production history of the well and the reservoir, and thus reduces the influence of well interference effects on decline curve analysis. It provides much better estimates of reserves in multi-well systems. The models were validated with field data from different wells. Production decline data from different wells in a reservoir were analyzed and used to demonstrate the application of the developed model. © 2011 The Author(s).	Decline curve; Forecast; Interference; Reserve estimates; Well aggregation	Arps' equation; Decline curve analysis; Decline curves; Developed model; Field data; Forecast; Fundamental principles; Historical trends; Hyperbolic models; Prediction of reservoir; Reserve estimates; Reservoir engineers; Reservoir performance; Well interference; Estimation; Oil well production; Wave interference; Wells; Forecasting	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858667240	Evaluation of the petroleum potentials and prospect of the Chad Basin Nigeria from heat flow and gravity data	Nwankwo C.N., Emujakporue G.O., Nwosu L.I.	2012	Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology	2	1	10.1007/s13202-011-0015-5	Department of Physics, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Nwankwo, C.N., Department of Physics, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Emujakporue, G.O., Department of Physics, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Nwosu, L.I., Department of Physics, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	An integrated study of the Chad Basin Nigeria has been carried out using heat flow, Bouguer gravity anomaly, depth to basement maps and interpreted seismic reflection data of the area. The seismic reflection data show two main structural elements: faults and folds whose primary structural orientation is northeast-southwest. Other features such as grabens and horst which are formed as a result of tensional stress and magnetic intrusive are also identified in the sections. The Bouger gravity anomaly ranges from -10 to -50 mgal with a northeast to southwest trend while the heat flow values ranges from 63.63 to 105.4 m Wm -2 with an average of 80.6 m Wm -2. The result shows that areas with relatively low heat flux in the southwest and northeast is associated with Bouguer gravity values ranging from -30 to -50 mgal. These parts of the basin also have a higher depth to basement and are associated with low sediment, buried hills and crest of folds. The range of heat flow values computed for this study shows that the basin sediments are thermally mature and therefore has high prospects for oil and gas generation. The graben in the basin is associated with low heat flow and very low negative Bouguer gravity anomaly. The study reveals that a decrease in heat flow is observed with an increasing sedimentary thickness. Thus, by studying the heat flow map, regions of gravity highs and lows can be identified within the Chad basin. Moreover, areas of gravity lows have greater thickness of sediments than areas of gravity highs. Low geothermal gradient causes the formation of oil to begin at fairly deep subsurface levels, but makes the oil window to be quite broad. The heat flow, Bouguer gravity values and seismically determined structural features suggest that the Chad Basin Nigeria has good prospects for hydrocarbon plays in Cretaceous rocks, with high potentials for both structural and stratigraphic traps. The southwestern and northeastern axis of the basin is therefore recommended for further drilling to deeper depth based on the results of this study. © 2011 The Author(s).	Chad Basin; Depth to basement; Gravity; Heat flow; Hydrocarbon potential	Basin sediments; Bouguer gravity; Bouguer gravity anomalies; Buried hill; Chad Basin; Cretaceous rocks; Depth to basement; Geothermal gradients; Gravity anomalies; Gravity data; Heat flow value; High potential; Hydrocarbon potential; Nigeria; Oil and gas; Petroleum potential; Seismic reflection data; Structural elements; Structural feature; Structural orientations; Subsurface levels; Anoxic sediments; Buildings; Gravitation; Heat transfer; Hydrocarbons; Sedimentology; Seismic waves; Stratigraphy; Heat flux	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84945247872	Studies on precipitation performance of n-heptane and n-pentane/n-heptane on C7 and C5/C7 asphaltenes and maltenes from 350 °C atmospheric residuum of three Nigerian light crudes	Nwadinigwe C.A., Anigbogu I.V., Ujam O.T.	2015	Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology	5	4	10.1007/s13202-014-0150-x	Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Nwadinigwe, C.A., Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Anigbogu, I.V., Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ujam, O.T., Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Asphaltenes behave like blood cholesterol in that they deposit on the walls of crude oil transportation pipes thereby narrowing the internal diameters, thus posing great dangers. This study was designed to remove asphaltenes from light crudes by solvent precipitation and to investigate the comparative performance of n-heptane (single solvent) and n-pentane/n-heptane (mixed solvent) in this regard. Each of three Nigerian crudes: Bonny Export, Bodo and Mogho crudes were first distilled at 350 °C to obtain the atmospheric residuum. Asphaltenes were precipitated from each residuum at different stirring times with single n-heptane and mixed n-pentane + n-heptane solvents. The precipitated asphaltenes were characterized with FTIR, UV–visible spectrophotometers while the maltenes were fractionated to obtain the various fractions. Results show that the asphaltenes were made up of saturated (cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons) and unsaturated (substituted aromatic hydrocarbon). Also, aromatics to saturates ratio and resins to asphaltenes ratio was higher in Bonny Export and lower in Mogho crude, thus, indicating that Bonny Export has the lowest asphaltene precipitation risk while Mogho crude has the highest risk. The results also showed that resins stabilize asphaltenes in crude as addition of resins to the different crudes reduced the quantity of asphaltene precipitated. © 2014, The Author(s).	Asphaltenes; Crude oil; Maltenes; Precipitation; Stabilization	Aromatic hydrocarbons; Cholesterol; Crude oil; Heptane; Hydrocarbons; Paraffins; Petroleum transportation; Precipitation (chemical); Resins; Solvents; Stabilization; Aliphatic hydrocarbons; Asphaltene precipitation; Comparative performance; Maltenes; Oil transportation; Solvent precipitation; Substituted aromatic; Visible spectrophotometers; Asphaltenes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955806917	Re-evaluation of Cryptosporiopsis eucalypti and Cryptosporiopsis-like species occurring on Eucalyptus leaves	Cheewangkoon R., Groenewald J.Z., Verkley G.J.M., Hyde K.D., Wingfield M.J., Gryzenhout M., Summerell B.A., Denman S., Toanun C., Crous P.W.	2010	Fungal Diversity	44	None	10.1007/s13225-010-0041-5	Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chaing Mai University, Chaing Mai 50200, Thailand; CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands; School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs. Macquaries Road, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia; Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey GU10 4LH, United Kingdom	Cheewangkoon, R., Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chaing Mai University, Chaing Mai 50200, Thailand; Groenewald, J.Z., CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands; Verkley, G.J.M., CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands; Hyde, K.D., School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand, Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Wingfield, M.J., Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Gryzenhout, M., Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Summerell, B.A., Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs. Macquaries Road, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia; Denman, S., Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey GU10 4LH, United Kingdom; Toanun, C., Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chaing Mai University, Chaing Mai 50200, Thailand; Crous, P.W., CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands	Cryptosporiopsis eucalypti is a common follicolous pathogen of Eucalyptus species in tropical and temperate regions where these trees are grown in plantations. The taxonomy of C. eucalypti is confused by the fact that it is phylogenetically unrelated to the type species of Cryptosporiopsis (Cryptosporiopsis nigra = C. scutellata, Helotiales). The aim of this study was to resolve the taxonomic position of C. eucalypti based on morphology and phylogenetic inference. Thirty-two Eucalyptus leaf samples with symptoms typical of C. eucalypti infection were collected from 10 tropical and temperate countries across four continents. Cultures were established from single conidia, as well as from ascospores of a previously unreported teleomorph state. DNA sequences were obtained for the 28 S nrDNA, the internal transcribed spacers of the nrDNA operon, and beta-tubulin regions to determine generic and species-level relationships. DNAsequence analysis showed that conidial and ascospore isolates of C. eucalypti have low intraspecific variation, although two collections from Australia and one from Uruguay represented two novel taxa. Based on the newly collected teleomorph stage, as well as the phylogenetic data, C. eucalypti is shown to represent a new genus closely related to Plagiostoma (Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales) for which the names Pseudoplagiostoma gen. nov. and Pseudoplagiostomaceae fam. nov. (Diaporthales) are introduced. Two new species of Cryptosporiopsis (Dermateaceae, Helotiales) on Eucalyptus from Australia and California (USA) are also described. © 2010 Kevin D. Hyde.	Cryptosporiopsis eucalypti; Diaporthales; DNA phylogeny; Eucalyptus; Pseudoplagiostoma	Cryptosporiopsis; Dermateaceae; Diaporthales; Eucalyptus; Gnomoniaceae; Helotiales; Plagiostoma (ascomycote)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899660299	Intraprocedural contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in liver percutaneous radiofrequency ablation: Clinical impact and health technology assessment	Mauri G., Porazzi E., Cova L., Restelli U., Tondolo T., Bonfanti M., Cerri A., Ierace T., Croce D., Solbiati L.	2014	Insights into Imaging	5	2	10.1007/s13244-014-0315-7	IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Unit of Radiology, Piazza Malan 2-20097 San Donato Milanese, Milano, Italy; CREMS (Centre for Research on Health Economics, Social and Health Care Management), University Carlo Cattaneo-LIUC, Castellanza, VA, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedale di Circolo di Busto Arsizio, Department of Oncology, Unit of Interventional Oncologic Radiology, Busto Arsizio, Varese, Italy; School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Mauri, G., IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Unit of Radiology, Piazza Malan 2-20097 San Donato Milanese, Milano, Italy, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedale di Circolo di Busto Arsizio, Department of Oncology, Unit of Interventional Oncologic Radiology, Busto Arsizio, Varese, Italy; Porazzi, E., CREMS (Centre for Research on Health Economics, Social and Health Care Management), University Carlo Cattaneo-LIUC, Castellanza, VA, Italy; Cova, L., Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedale di Circolo di Busto Arsizio, Department of Oncology, Unit of Interventional Oncologic Radiology, Busto Arsizio, Varese, Italy; Restelli, U., CREMS (Centre for Research on Health Economics, Social and Health Care Management), University Carlo Cattaneo-LIUC, Castellanza, VA, Italy, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Tondolo, T., Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedale di Circolo di Busto Arsizio, Department of Oncology, Unit of Interventional Oncologic Radiology, Busto Arsizio, Varese, Italy; Bonfanti, M., CREMS (Centre for Research on Health Economics, Social and Health Care Management), University Carlo Cattaneo-LIUC, Castellanza, VA, Italy; Cerri, A., Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedale di Circolo di Busto Arsizio, Department of Oncology, Unit of Interventional Oncologic Radiology, Busto Arsizio, Varese, Italy; Ierace, T., Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedale di Circolo di Busto Arsizio, Department of Oncology, Unit of Interventional Oncologic Radiology, Busto Arsizio, Varese, Italy; Croce, D., CREMS (Centre for Research on Health Economics, Social and Health Care Management), University Carlo Cattaneo-LIUC, Castellanza, VA, Italy, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Solbiati, L., Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedale di Circolo di Busto Arsizio, Department of Oncology, Unit of Interventional Oncologic Radiology, Busto Arsizio, Varese, Italy	Objectives: To assess the clinical and the economic impacts of intraprocedural use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in patients undergoing percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for small (<2.5 cm) hepatocellular carcinomas. Methods: One hundred and forty-eight hepatocellular carcinomas in 93 patients were treated by percutaneous radiofrequency ablation and immediate assessment by intraprocedural CEUS. Clinical impact, cost effectiveness, and budget, organisational and equity impacts were evaluated and compared with standard treatment without intraprocedural CEUS using the health technology assessment approach. Results: Intraprocedural CEUS detected incomplete ablation in 34/93 (36.5 %) patients, who underwent additional treatment during the same session. At 24-h, complete ablation was found in 88/93 (94.6 %) patients. Thus, a second session of treatment was spared in 29/93 (31.1 %) patients. Cost-effectiveness analysis revealed an advantage for the use of intraprocedural CEUS in comparison with standard treatment (4,639 vs 6,592) with a 21.9 % reduction of the costs to treat the whole sample. Cost per patient for complete treatment was € 4,609 versus € 5,872 respectively. The introduction of intraprocedural CEUS resulted in a low organisational impact, and in a positive impact on equity Conclusions: Intraprocedural use of CEUS has a relevant clinical impact, reducing the number of re-treatments and the related costs per patient. Teaching Points: • CEUS allows to immediately asses the result of ablation. • Intraprocedural CEUS decreases the number of second ablative sessions. • Intraprocedural CEUS may reduce cost per patient for complete treatment. • Use of intraprocedural CEUS may reduce hospital budget. • Its introduction has low organisational impact, and relevant impact on equity. © 2014 The Author(s).	Budget impact; Clinical impact; Cost-effectiveness; Health technology assessment; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Intraprocedural contrast-enhanced ultrasound; Radiofrequency ablation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938372328	Nocturnal enuresis among Nigerian children and its association with sleep, behavior and school performance	Anyanwu O.U., Ibekwe R.C., Orji M.L.	2015	Indian Pediatrics	52	7	10.1007/s13312-015-0680-4	From the Departments of Pediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Enugu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria	Anyanwu, O.U., From the Departments of Pediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Ibekwe, R.C., University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Enugu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Orji, M.L., From the Departments of Pediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria	Objective: To study the association of nocturnal enuresis with sleep, behavior and school performance. Methods: Hospital-based, cross-sectional descriptive study of 216 children (≥6-year-old) using structured questionnaire and behavioral tools. Results: Prevalence of enuresis was 37.0%. Nocturnal enuresis was significantly associated with abnormal behaviour (P=0.049) and poor sleep hygiene (P<0.05). School performance was not associated with enuresis. Conclusion: Children with nocturnal enuresis were at an increased risk of behavioral problems and poor sleep hygiene. © 2015, Indian Academy of Pediatrics.	Association; Bed wetting; Behavioral disorders; Co-morbidity	abnormal behavior; academic achievement; Article; child; child behavior; cross-sectional study; disease association; female; high risk behavior; human; hygiene; major clinical study; male; Nigerian; nocturnal enuresis; prevalence; punishment; sex ratio; sleep; structured questionnaire; wakefulness; Child Behavior Disorders; comorbidity; Nigeria; nocturnal enuresis; physiology; questionnaire; sleep; Sleep Wake Disorders; student; Child; Child Behavior Disorders; Comorbidity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Nigeria; Nocturnal Enuresis; Sleep; Sleep Wake Disorders; Students; Surveys and Questionnaires	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863710903	Prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in antiretroviral therapy naïve HIV-positive patients and the impact on treatment outcomes-a retrospective study from a large urban cohort in Johannesburg, South Africa	Evans D., Takuva S., Rassool M., Firnhaber C., Maskew M.	2012	Journal of NeuroVirology	18	3	10.1007/s13365-012-0093-2	Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X2600, Houghton, Johannesburg 2041, South Africa; Clinical HIV Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X2600, Houghton, Johannesburg 2041, South Africa; Right to Care, Johannesburg, South Africa; Clinical HIV Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Evans, D., Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X2600, Houghton, Johannesburg 2041, South Africa; Takuva, S., Clinical HIV Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X2600, Houghton, Johannesburg 2041, South Africa, Right to Care, Johannesburg, South Africa; Rassool, M., Clinical HIV Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Firnhaber, C., Right to Care, Johannesburg, South Africa, Clinical HIV Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Maskew, M., Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X2600, Houghton, Johannesburg 2041, South Africa	Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is associated with advanced HIV disease and may be a complication of antiretroviral therapy (ART) or anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs, specifically isoniazid (INH). The effect of non-ART-drugrelated PN on treatment outcomes is yet to be determined. We analysed prospectively collected cohort data for HIVinfected ART-naive adults initiating ART at the Themba Lethu Clinic, Johannesburg, South Africa from June 2004 to June 2009. Patients who presented with signs and symptoms of numbness or dysesthesia prior to initiation of ART were defined as having PN. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the effect of PN alone (HIVrelated PN) or PN with a history of INH use (TB-related PN) on mortality, lost to follow-up (LTFU), persistent and recurrent PN by 12 months of follow-up. Of the 9,399 patients initiating ART, 3.9 % had HIV-related PN while a further 1.8 % had TB-related PN. Patients with PN did not have a significantly higher risk of mortality compared to those without PN (hazard ratio (HR) 1.17 95 % CI 0.92-1.49). Patients with TB-related PN were less likely to be LTFU by 12 months (HR 0.65 95 % CI 0.44-0.97) compared to those without PN. Patients with HIV-related PN were at increased risk of persistent PN at 3 months post-ART initiation. Patients with HIV-related PN had a similar risk of recurrent PN compared to those with TB-related PN (HR 1.28 95 % CI 0.72-2.27). We demonstrate that patients with PN at initiation of ART present with advanced HIV disease. Completion of TB treatment may reduce the risk of persistent PN in patients with TB-related PN. Use of HIV drugs, even neurotoxic ones, may overall limit neuropathy. © Journal of NeuroVirology, Inc. 2012.	Advanced HIV; Isoniazid (INH); Late presenters; LTFU or mortality; Non-ART-drug-related PN; Tuberculosis (TB)	antivirus agent; isoniazid; adult; antiretroviral therapy; antiviral therapy; article; cohort analysis; controlled study; dysesthesia; female; follow up; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; male; mortality; paresthesia; peripheral neuropathy; priority journal; recurrent disease; retrospective study; South Africa; treatment outcome; tuberculosis; urban area; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Antitubercular Agents; Coinfection; Female; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Isoniazid; Lost to Follow-Up; Male; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Prevalence; Proportional Hazards Models; Retrospective Studies; South Africa; Survival Analysis; Treatment Outcome; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Urban Population	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873657521	Longitudinal neuropsychological test performance among HIV seropositive individuals in Uganda	Sacktor N., Nakasujja N., Okonkwo O., Skolasky R.L., Robertson K., Musisi S., Katabira E.	2013	Journal of NeuroVirology	19	1	10.1007/s13365-012-0139-5	Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States; Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, 4940 Eastern Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States	Sacktor, N., Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, 4940 Eastern Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States; Nakasujja, N., Department of Psychiatry, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Okonkwo, O., Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States; Skolasky, R.L., Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Robertson, K., Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Musisi, S., Department of Psychiatry, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Katabira, E., Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda	This study was conducted to evaluate longitudinal neuropsychological testing performance over a 12-month period among HIV + individuals, and to evaluate the impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation on neuropsychological test changes in Uganda. The study examined 77 HIV + individuals recruited from the Infectious Diseases Clinic at Makerere University, Uganda. They underwent detailed sociodemographic, medical history, immune status, functional, neurologic, and neuropsychological evaluations at baseline and 12 months later. Thirty-one individuals initiated ART (ART group) after their baseline visit, whereas 46 individuals were not placed on ART (no-ART group) during those 12 months. Paired samples t-tests were used to evaluate longitudinal changes in neuropsychological test performance for the entire sample, as well as for groups defined by ART initiation and baseline neurocognitive status. The study evaluated 77 HIV individuals (62 % women, mean age = 37 years, mean education = 8 years, mean CD4 count = 235 cells/μl). Both the ART and no-ART groups showed significant improvements in tests of verbal memory, executive functioning, motor, and psychomotor speed performance, as well as depression symptoms. The ART group had significant improvements in CD4 count over the 12-month period (p < 0.001), whereas the no-ART group had no CD4 count improvement. ART use is associated with improvements in cognitive functioning among HIV + individuals in Uganda. However, these improvements did not appear to be higher than those seen among HIV + individuals who did not initiate ART. Possible reasons for this include practice effects among the no-ART group as well as improvements in their mood and overall quality of life. © 2013 Journal of NeuroVirology, Inc.	Dementia; HIV; Neurocognitive; Neuropsychological assessment; Uganda	antiretrovirus agent; efavirenz plus lamivudine plus zidovudine; lamivudine plus nevirapine plus zidovudine; adult; anamnesis; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; cognition; controlled study; demography; depression; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test accuracy study; disease duration; drug efficacy; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; executive function; female; HIV associated dementia; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immune system; longitudinal study; major clinical study; male; motor performance; neurologic examination; neuropsychological test; priority journal; psychomotor activity; quality of life; serodiagnosis; social aspect; symptom; treatment outcome; Uganda; university hospital; verbal memory; Western blotting; Adult; AIDS Dementia Complex; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Female; HIV Infections; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84916885779	Impact of the HIV Tat C30C31S dicysteine substitution on neuropsychological function in patients with clade C disease	Paul R.H., Joska J.A., Woods C., Seedat S., Engelbrecht S., Hoare J., Heaps J., Valcour V., Ances B., Baker L.M., Salminen L.E., Stein D.J.	2014	Journal of NeuroVirology	20	6	10.1007/s13365-014-0293-z	Department of Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Missouri-St. Louis, University Boulevard, St. Louis, United States; MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Kansas, KS, United States; MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Division of Medical Virology, Stellenbosch University and National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS), Cape Town, South Africa; Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Neurology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO, United States	Paul, R.H., Department of Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Missouri-St. Louis, University Boulevard, St. Louis, United States; Joska, J.A., MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Woods, C., Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Kansas, KS, United States; Seedat, S., MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Engelbrecht, S., Division of Medical Virology, Stellenbosch University and National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS), Cape Town, South Africa; Hoare, J., MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Heaps, J., Department of Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Missouri-St. Louis, University Boulevard, St. Louis, United States; Valcour, V., Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Ances, B., Department of Neurology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO, United States; Baker, L.M., Department of Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Missouri-St. Louis, University Boulevard, St. Louis, United States; Salminen, L.E., Department of Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Missouri-St. Louis, University Boulevard, St. Louis, United States; Stein, D.J., MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Previous animal studies have identified a C31S residue substitution in the C30C31 dicysteine motif of the Tat protein that is associated with reduced neurovirulence in clade C human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, clinical studies of patients infected with clade C HIV have reported significant levels of cognitive impairment. To date, no study has specifically examined cognitive function in clade C-infected patients as a function of the presence or absence of the Tat C31 substitution. The present study investigated the impact of the Tat C30C31S genetic substitution among individuals residing in South Africa infected with clade C HIV that either exhibited the C30C31 motif (n = 128) or the C31S motif (n = 46). A control group of seronegative individuals was included to examine the overall impact of HIV on cognitive performance. All individuals completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery consisting of tests sensitive to HIV. Results revealed that clade C-infected individuals performed significantly worse across cognitive tests compared to seronegative controls. However, there were no significant differences in cognitive performances between individuals with the C31S motif versus those without the C31S substitution. Proximal CD4 cell count and plasma viral load were unrelated to cognitive performances for either group. Results confirm that the C31S dicysteine motif substitution of the Tat protein does not appreciably moderate neuropsychological outcomes in clade C. Further, these findings highlight the importance of clinical management of cognitive symptoms among individuals infected with this viral clade worldwide. © 2014, Journal of NeuroVirology, Inc.	C31S dicysteine motif; Clade C; Cognitive performance; HIV; Tat protein	cystine; transactivator protein; transactivator protein; adult; Article; CD4 lymphocyte count; cognition; controlled study; female; human; human cell; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C; major clinical study; male; neuropsychological test; neuropsychology; nucleotide motif; South Africa; virus load; adolescent; amino acid substitution; animal; cognition; executive function; genetics; genotype; highly active antiretroviral therapy; HIV Infections; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; pathogenicity; pathophysiology; reaction time; virology; Animalia; Human immunodeficiency virus; Adolescent; Adult; Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cognition; Executive Function; Female; Genotype; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Reaction Time; South Africa; tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; Viral Load	MRC, South African Medical Research Council; MH085604, NIMH, South African Medical Research Council
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880274712	Evaluation of serum metallothionein-1, selenium, zinc, and copper in Ghanaian type 2 diabetes mellitus patients	Asare G.A., Osae S., Nortey E.N.N., Yambire F.K., Amedonu E., Doku D., Annan Y.	2013	International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries	33	2	10.1007/s13410-013-0111-9	Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Chemical Pathology Unit, University of Ghana School of Allied Health Sciences (SAHS), Korle Bu, Ghana; Department of Chemistry, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC), Accra, Ghana; Department of Statistics, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box KB 143, Korle-bu, Accra, Ghana	Asare, G.A., Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Chemical Pathology Unit, University of Ghana School of Allied Health Sciences (SAHS), Korle Bu, Ghana, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box KB 143, Korle-bu, Accra, Ghana; Osae, S., Department of Chemistry, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC), Accra, Ghana; Nortey, E.N.N., Department of Statistics, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Yambire, F.K., Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Chemical Pathology Unit, University of Ghana School of Allied Health Sciences (SAHS), Korle Bu, Ghana; Amedonu, E., Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Chemical Pathology Unit, University of Ghana School of Allied Health Sciences (SAHS), Korle Bu, Ghana; Doku, D., Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Chemical Pathology Unit, University of Ghana School of Allied Health Sciences (SAHS), Korle Bu, Ghana; Annan, Y., Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Chemical Pathology Unit, University of Ghana School of Allied Health Sciences (SAHS), Korle Bu, Ghana	Metabolic disturbances of trace elements may be implicated in the complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of the study was to determine the level of Zinc (Zn), Selenium (Se), Copper (Cu) and the metal binding protein Metallothionein-1 (MT-1) in T2DM. Fifty-five (55) T2DM subjects and 30 Controls (C) were studied for, Se, Zn, Cu and MT-1. Zn, Se and Cu were analyzed using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Mean FBG in the T2DM and C groups were 183 ± 5 mg/dl and 88 ± 5 mg/dl, respectively. Mean Se, Zn and Cu levels in the T2DM group were 204 ± 91 μg/l, 407 ± 117 μg/l and 1,337 ± 527 μg/l, respectively. The control group had Se, Zn and Cu levels of 123 ± 25 μg/l, 750 ± 190 μg/l and 989 ± 197 μg/l, respectively. While Zn levels in T2DM were half that of the C, Se levels were ≈ 2-fold. Se, Zn and Cu differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P = 0.000; P = 0.000, P = 0.000, respectively). The metabolic derailment of MT-1 in the T2DM group showed a wide variation with the T2DM having significantly lower MT-1 values (P = 0.000). A negative correlation was seen between Cu and Zn in the T2DM group (P = 0.022). A standardized canonical discriminant function was obtained as D = 0.823FBG-0.149MT-0.457Zn + 0.172Cu + 0.362Se with contributions of FBG > Zn > Se > Cu > MT-1. In conclusion, alterations in the levels of Zn, Se and Cu were observed in Ghanaian T2DM patients. © 2013 Research Society for Study of Diabetes in India.	Diabetes; Ghanaian; Oxidative stress; Trace elements	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880254832	Duration of diabetes and glycemic control: Impact on echocardiography findings in children and young adults with diabetes mellitus in Lagos	Adeniyi O.F., Oduwole A.O., Okoromah C.A.N., Ekure E., Fajolu I.B., Ladapo T.A.	2013	International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries	33	2	10.1007/s13410-013-0116-4	Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Lagos University Teaching Hospital Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Adeniyi, O.F., Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Oduwole, A.O., Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria, Lagos University Teaching Hospital Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Okoromah, C.A.N., Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria, Lagos University Teaching Hospital Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Ekure, E., Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria, Lagos University Teaching Hospital Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Fajolu, I.B., Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria, Lagos University Teaching Hospital Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Ladapo, T.A., Lagos University Teaching Hospital Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria	The influence of disease duration and glycemic control on cardiac function in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients remains controversial. There is little data on young patients in the Sub-Saharan continent. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of disease duration and glycemic control on the cardiac function of children and adolescents with diabetes using echocardiography. In this cross sectional study, 26 T1DM subjects and 33 matched controls had conventional echocardiography done. The relationship between their cardiac parameters, disease duration and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level was assessed with correlation and regression analysis. Five (19.2 %) subjects had evidence of abnormal fractional shortening. There was no significant difference in systolic function between the diabetics and controls. The isovolumic relaxation time and Deceleration time were significantly prolonged in the diabetics (P = 0.034, P = 0.001 respectively). There was a significant correlation between disease duration and end diastolic diameter (EDD) (P = 0.000) and Left ventricular mass (P = 0.000). Disease duration was also an independent predictor of EDD (P = 0.007), even after adjusting for age, body mass index and mean arterial pressure. There were no significant correlations between HbA1c and measures of cardiac structure or function. The right ventricular diastolic function was poorer in the T1DM subjects compared to the controls. Thus, the disease duration independently predicts left ventricular enlargement in this population of Sub-Saharan youths (who have relatively poor glycemic control). © 2013 Research Society for Study of Diabetes in India.	Cardiac; Left ventricular dysfunction; Sub saharan	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84945410130	Diabetes: knowledge, psychosocial impact, and attitude of patients	Achigbu E.O., Oputa R.N., Achigbu K.I., Ahuche I.U.	2015	International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries	35	None	10.1007/s13410-015-0368-2	Department of Ophthalmology, Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Department of Paediatrics, Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria	Achigbu, E.O., Department of Ophthalmology, Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Oputa, R.N., Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Achigbu, K.I., Department of Paediatrics, Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Ahuche, I.U., Department of Ophthalmology, Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria	The scourge of diabetes has been increasing worldwide with a tendency to double, from 176 to 370 million people by 2030 according to WHO prediction. In Nigeria, only 20 % of the 3.2 million estimated to have diabetes are aware of it. Among those already diagnosed, about 50 % have poor glycaemic control attributable to poor diabetes self-management despite effective medication. Diabetes self-management in addition to medical therapy, lifestyle modification and education are key to the management of diabetes. This study aims to determine the knowledge, psychosocial impact and attitude of people with diabetes to diabetes with a view to make recommendations for a more encompassing patient-based management of diabetes. A cross-sectional study using a structured questionnaire in the endocrinology clinic of the Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, interviewed 104 consecutive newly diagnosed patients with diabetes who willingly consented to the study. One hundred and four patients with an equal male to female ratio were interviewed. The 41–60-year (78.8 %) age group and traders (66.3 %) constituted the greatest number. Majority (58.7 %) heard of diabetes prior to their diagnosis, but many (41.3 %) did not. This knowledge was significantly associated with occupation (0.022). Many (84.6 %) were willing to disclose diagnosis to family and friends as well as join a support group (61.5 %). But, the major reason for this inclination was wrong. Many never heard of diabetes prior to their diagnosis. In spite of being aware, a diagnosis of diabetes is associated with different emotional responses and attitudes including willingness to disclose their diagnosis and get support. Appropriate treatment based on current medical knowledge, self-management education and development of diabetic support groups is recommended. © 2015, Research Society for Study of Diabetes in India.	Attitude; Diabetes; Knowledge; Psychology	None	None
None	None	Reporting Errors in Siblings' Survival Histories and Their Impact on Adult Mortality Estimates: Results From a Record Linkage Study in Senegal	Helleringer S., Pison G., Kanté A.M., Duthé G., Andro A.	2014	Demography	51	2	10.1007/s13524-013-0268-3	Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 60 Haven Avenue, NY, NY, 10032, United States; Institut National d'Études Démographiques, 133 Boulevard Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex 20, France; Ifakara Health Institute, PO Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Helleringer, S., Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 60 Haven Avenue, NY, NY, 10032, United States; Pison, G., Institut National d'Études Démographiques, 133 Boulevard Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex 20, France; Kanté, A.M., Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 60 Haven Avenue, NY, NY, 10032, United States, Ifakara Health Institute, PO Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Duthé, G., Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 60 Haven Avenue, NY, NY, 10032, United States, Institut National d'Études Démographiques, 133 Boulevard Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex 20, France; Andro, A., Institut National d'Études Démographiques, 133 Boulevard Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex 20, France	Estimates of adult mortality in countries with limited vital registration (e.g., sub-Saharan Africa) are often derived from information about the survival of a respondent's siblings. We evaluated the completeness and accuracy of such data through a record linkage study conducted in Bandafassi, located in southeastern Senegal. We linked at the individual level retrospective siblings' survival histories (SSH) reported by female respondents (n = 268) to prospective mortality data and genealogies collected through a health and demographic surveillance system (HDSS). Respondents often reported inaccurate lists of siblings. Additions to these lists were uncommon, but omissions were frequent: respondents omitted 3.8 % of their live sisters, 9.1 % of their deceased sisters, and 16.6 % of their sisters who had migrated out of the DSS area. Respondents underestimated the age at death of the siblings they reported during the interview, particularly among siblings who had died at older ages (≥45 years). Restricting SSH data to person-years and events having occurred during a recent reference period reduced list errors but not age and date errors. Overall, SSH data led to a 20 % underestimate of 45 q 15 relative to HDSS data. Our study suggests new quality improvement strategies for SSH data and demonstrates the potential use of HDSS data for the validation of "unconventional" demographic techniques. © 2014 Population Association of America.	Adult mortality; Data quality; Reporting errors; Senegal; Siblings' survival histories	adolescent; adult; article; female; human; information processing; male; medical record; methodology; middle aged; mortality; prospective study; qualitative research; quality control; reproducibility; Senegal; sibling; young adult; Adolescent; Adult; Data Collection; Female; Humans; Male; Medical Record Linkage; Middle Aged; Mortality; Prospective Studies; Qualitative Research; Quality Control; Reproducibility of Results; Senegal; Siblings; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919949725	Solid State Reaction of Ruthenium with 6H-SiC Under Vacuum Annealing and the Impact on the Electrical Performance of its Schottky Contact for High Temperature Operating SiC-Based Diodes	Munthali K.V., Theron C., Auret F.D., Coelho S.M.M., Prinsloo L., Njoroge E.	2014	Brazilian Journal of Physics	44	6	10.1007/s13538-014-0257-z	Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Mathematics, Science and Sports Education, University of Namibia, HP Campus, P/Bag 5507, Oshakati, Namibia	Munthali, K.V., Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Mathematics, Science and Sports Education, University of Namibia, HP Campus, P/Bag 5507, Oshakati, Namibia; Theron, C., Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Auret, F.D., Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Coelho, S.M.M., Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Prinsloo, L., Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Njoroge, E., Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Thin films and Schottky diodes dots of ruthenium (Ru) on bulk-grown n-type-6-hexagonal-silicon carbide (6H-SiC) were annealed isochronally in a vacuum furnace at temperatures ranging from 500–1,000 °C. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy analysis of the thin films showed formation of ruthenium silicide (Ru2Si3) at 800 °C, while diffusion of Ru into 6H-SiC commenced at 800 °C. Raman analysis of the thin films annealed at 1,000 °C showed clear D and G carbon peaks which was evidence of formation of graphite. At this annealing temperature, the Schottky contact was observed to convert to an ohmic contact, as evidenced by the linearity of current–voltage characteristic, thereby, rendering the diode unusable. The transformation from Schottky contact to ohmic contact is attributed to graphite formation at the interface. © 2014, Sociedade Brasileira de Física.	6H-SiC; D and G carbon peaks; Graphite; Raman spectroscopy; Ruthenium; Ruthenium silicide; Rutherford backscattering spectrometry; Schottky contacts	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84954553103	Economic, organizational and budget impact of a new diagnostic plan for HCV detection: what’s “new”?	Monari M., Foglia E., Montanelli A., Assandri R., Lagioia M., Ferrario L., Garagiola E., Porazzi E., Croce D.	2015	Rivista Italiana della Medicina di Laboratorio	11	4	10.1007/s13631-015-0098-y	Clinical Investigation Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, MI, Italy; Centre for Research on Health Economics, Social and Health Care Management—CREMS, University Carlo Cattaneo—LIUC, Corso Matteotti 22, Castellanza, VA, Italy; Medical Superintendent, Health Directorate Humanitas, Rozzano, MI, Italy; School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Monari, M., Clinical Investigation Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, MI, Italy; Foglia, E., Centre for Research on Health Economics, Social and Health Care Management—CREMS, University Carlo Cattaneo—LIUC, Corso Matteotti 22, Castellanza, VA, Italy; Montanelli, A., Clinical Investigation Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, MI, Italy; Assandri, R., Clinical Investigation Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, MI, Italy; Lagioia, M., Medical Superintendent, Health Directorate Humanitas, Rozzano, MI, Italy; Ferrario, L., Centre for Research on Health Economics, Social and Health Care Management—CREMS, University Carlo Cattaneo—LIUC, Corso Matteotti 22, Castellanza, VA, Italy; Garagiola, E., Centre for Research on Health Economics, Social and Health Care Management—CREMS, University Carlo Cattaneo—LIUC, Corso Matteotti 22, Castellanza, VA, Italy; Porazzi, E., Centre for Research on Health Economics, Social and Health Care Management—CREMS, University Carlo Cattaneo—LIUC, Corso Matteotti 22, Castellanza, VA, Italy; Croce, D., Centre for Research on Health Economics, Social and Health Care Management—CREMS, University Carlo Cattaneo—LIUC, Corso Matteotti 22, Castellanza, VA, Italy, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Background.: Hepatitis C (HCV) is a liver inflammation which, through the activation of the immune defense system, causes the death of liver cells (liver necrosis). Like Hepatitis B, it can become chronic, turning into a long term pathology. The aim of the present study was to evaluate a new technology useful to diagnose HCV, based on a serological kit HCVAg, comparing it with the standard technology, according to a multi-dimensional approach. Methods.: In order to analyze the differences between the two technologies, three dimensions were considered: (i) process costs, (ii) organizational aspects and (iii) budget impact. Data were collected by observational analysis and supported with administrative data. Activity Based Costing methodology (ABC), and a Budget Impact Analysis approach (BIA) were implemented. Results.: The new technology reduced the time needed to complete a medical report to 90 minutes, with a positive organizational impact, and allowed an immediate definition of the presence or absence of HCV infection, with quantitative results. Data showed that its introduction would bring economic savings to the Regional and National Health Service: a hospital could reduce the direct and indirect costs by 47.90% each and contribute to a reduction in funding at Regional or National level by 26.96%. Conclusions.: The introduction of the new technology, if compared with the standard one, would give similar effectiveness, with a lower organizational and economic impact, both for a hospital and for a Regional/National Health Service, with a good equity impact for HCV infected patients. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Italia.	Economic evaluation; Economic savings; HCV; Multi-dimensional approach; Serological kit	Article; budget; cost control; cost utility analysis; diagnostic kit; diagnostic procedure; economic aspect; health care organization; hepatitis C; Hepatitis C virus; human; major clinical study; observational study; serology; virus detection	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943236465	Synthesis and anti-bacterial evaluation of novel thio- and oxazepino[7,6-b]quinolines	Hamidi H., Heravi M.M., Tajbakhsh M., Shiri M., Oskooie H.A., Shintre S.A., Koorbanally N.A.	2015	Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society	12	12	10.1007/s13738-015-0698-5	Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran; Department of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran; School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa	Hamidi, H., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran; Heravi, M.M., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran; Tajbakhsh, M., Department of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran; Shiri, M., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran; Oskooie, H.A., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran; Shintre, S.A., School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Koorbanally, N.A., School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa	Cyclocondensation of 2-chloroquinoline-3-carbaldehydes and 2-thiophenol/2-aminophenols led to the formation of benzo[2,3][1,4]thio- or oxazepino[7,6-b]quinolines. Ugi reaction of the latter compound with various carboxylic acids and isocyanides gave novel oxazepino[7,6-b]quinoline derivatives. All compounds were evaluated for their anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities. Among them, compounds 4a, 4b and 4d showed moderate to good activity. © 2015 Iranian Chemical Society.	Anti-bacterial; Isocyanide; Oxazepinoquinolines; Thiazepinoquinolines; Ugi condensation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859938493	Trophic status of Vondo and Albasini Dams; impacts on aquatic ecosystems and drinking water	Odiyo J.O., Chimuka L., Mamali M.A., Fatoki O.S.	2012	International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology	9	2	10.1007/s13762-012-0034-x	School of Environmental Sciences, University of Venda, P/Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, South Africa; School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, P/Bag 3, WITS, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Water Affairs, Private Bag x 9506, Polokwane, 0700 Thohoyandou, South Africa; Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa	Odiyo, J.O., School of Environmental Sciences, University of Venda, P/Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Chimuka, L., School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, P/Bag 3, WITS, Johannesburg, South Africa; Mamali, M.A., Department of Water Affairs, Private Bag x 9506, Polokwane, 0700 Thohoyandou, South Africa; Fatoki, O.S., Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa	The presence and levels of major nutrients in the water from Vondo and Albasini Dams and their water treatment plants have been assessed to determine trophic status of the dams and impacts on aquatic ecosystems and drinking water. Water quality parameters particularly phosphates and nitrates are critical in assessing the trophic status. Water quality parameters linked to eutrophication and agrochemicals were analyzed. Phosphate was undetectable in both dams. The nitrate levels in Albasini and Vondo Dams which were from 1.16 to 6.65 mg/L and 0.46 to 4.19 mg/L, respectively, were within and above the South African guideline for aquatic ecosystems of 2 mg/L. The raw water pH for Vondo and Albasini Dams were from 6.20 to 7.46 and 6.35 to 8.70, respectively, and were mostly within acceptable guidelines for aquatic ecosystems. The water transparency for Vondo and Albasini Dams were from 0.5 to 4.2 m and 0.4 to 0.9 m, respectively. The levels of all other water quality parameters investigated in both dams and their WTPs mostly indicate low, rarely high and no water quality problems in aquatic ecosystems and drinking water. The low levels of total suspended solids and water transparency, the pH range, low to high electrical conductivity, low to acceptable dissolved oxygen levels, acceptable to high biological oxygen demand and nitrate levels for both dams indicate oligotrophic to eutrophic states. Though oligotrophic state dominates, the mixture of trophic states has been attributed to increase in urbanization and intensive agriculture. © 2012 CEERS, IAU.	Eutrophication; Oligotrophic and Eutrophic states; Physico-Chemical parameters; Water transparency	Aquatic ecosystem; Biological oxygen demand; Dissolved oxygen levels; Eutrophic state; Low level; Low-to-high; Nitrate levels; pH range; Physicochemical parameters; Raw water; Total suspended solids; Trophic state; Trophic status; Water quality parameters; Water quality problems; Water transparency; Agricultural chemicals; Agriculture; Biochemical oxygen demand; Ecosystems; Electric conductivity; Eutrophication; Transparency; Water quality; Dams	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874927947	Evaluation of the performance of a new freeze desalination technology	Mtombeni T., Maree J.P., Zvinowanda C.M., Asante J.K.O., Oosthuizen F.S., Louw W.J.	2013	International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology	10	3	10.1007/s13762-013-0182-7	Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Arcadia, Pretoria, South Africa; Aqua-Simon UG, Rabenslücke 40, 24944 Flensburg, Germany; Marlow Aquatec (Pty) LTD, 1100 Church Street, Colbyn, Pretoria, South Africa	Mtombeni, T., Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Arcadia, Pretoria, South Africa; Maree, J.P., Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Arcadia, Pretoria, South Africa; Zvinowanda, C.M., Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Arcadia, Pretoria, South Africa; Asante, J.K.O., Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Arcadia, Pretoria, South Africa; Oosthuizen, F.S., Aqua-Simon UG, Rabenslücke 40, 24944 Flensburg, Germany; Louw, W.J., Marlow Aquatec (Pty) LTD, 1100 Church Street, Colbyn, Pretoria, South Africa	The use of desalination technologies which produce concentrated brines is acutely limited by inadequate waste brine disposal mechanisms such that the brine does not contaminate fresh water resources. The treatment of highly saline brine using freeze desalination technique trade marked as HybridICE™ technology was investigated at pilot scale. The capacity of the HybridICE™ process to generate fresh water by freeze desalination of brine was investigated in this study. Brine samples to feed into the HybridICE process unit were prepared in tanks with volume capacities between 1. 0 and 10. 0 m3 by dissolving common salt into tape water. The effects of refrigerant temperature, initial brine concentration, energy consumption were evaluated in relation to product ice quality. Feed brine samples were processed in batches in a closed system where it was continuously re-circulated to generate product ice and more concentrated residual small volume of brine stream. The quality of ice produced could be turned into potable water it terms of its low total dissolved salts and conductivity. The salt removal, based on the average chloride concentration in the ice samples, was 96 %. The energy utilization efficiency amounted to an average of ZAR 10. 0/m3 water assuming energy cost of ZAR 0. 39/kWh. The HybridICE™ technology was shown to be a better option than other desalination technologies currently in use, in terms of energy utilization and cleaner by-products. © 2013 Islamic Azad University (IAU).	Brine; Desalination; Freeze desalination; Heat exchanger; Heat transfer; Impurity	Brine concentration; Chloride concentrations; Concentrated brines; Desalination technologies; Energy utilization efficiency; Fresh water resources; Refrigerant temperature; Total dissolved salts; Chlorine compounds; Desalination; Energy utilization; Heat exchangers; Heat transfer; Ice; Impurities; Potable water; Quality control; Technology; Waste disposal; Water filtration; Water resources; Brines	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919928066	Experimental evaluation of anaerobic digestion for coffee wastewater treatment and its biomethane recovery potential	Beyene A., Yemane D., Addis T., Assayie A.A., Triest L.	2014	International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology	11	7	10.1007/s13762-013-0339-4	Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Po.Box: 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium	Beyene, A., Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Po.Box: 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Yemane, D., Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Po.Box: 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Addis, T., Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Po.Box: 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Assayie, A.A., Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Po.Box: 378, Jimma, Ethiopia, Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium; Triest, L., Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium	The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of anaerobic digestion (AD) as an eco-friendly technology for coffee wastewater (CWW) management. First, we have characterized the CWW and found that it is suitable for microbial degradation with pH adjustment. Then, we designed a simple anaerobic batch reactor (ABR) and evaluated its potential for energy yield and efficiency to remove pollutants. The experiment was carried out by operating the anaerobic digestion (AD) for 70 days. The ABR was found to be efficient for the removal of organic load (90 %), nutrients (82 %) and suspended solids (95 %) from coffee processing waste. The increased removal efficiency of pollutants was dependent on the hydraulic retention time of the system. We also estimated that the coffee waste has a potential to produce a theoretical energy yield of 4–10 million KJ/day and an organic fertilizer (digestate) of 18.8–25.2 kg VSS/day. As a result, the AD would be a more sensible consideration as an eco-friendly treatment option for the coffee waste. The use of AD for CWW treatment not only reduces emission of greenhouse gases to the environment but also circumvents the rising demand for fuel wood and charcoal that causes a severe deforestation in the coffee growing regions of the world. © 2013, Islamic Azad University (IAU).	Anaerobic digestion; Biogas potential; Coffee wastewater; Organic fertilizer	biofuel; biogas; biotechnology; coffee; deforestation; emission control; experimental study; greenhouse gas; methane; pollutant removal; sewage treatment	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84931281448	Evaluation of N-terminated siloxanes grafted onto lignocellulose as adsorbent for the removal of phenol red from water	Vala R.M.K., Tichagwa L., Dikio E.D.	2015	International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology	12	8	10.1007/s13762-014-0679-8	Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa; Applied Chemistry and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, P. O. Box X021, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa	Vala, R.M.K., Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa, Applied Chemistry and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, P. O. Box X021, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa; Tichagwa, L., Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa; Dikio, E.D., Applied Chemistry and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, P. O. Box X021, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa	This study reports the chemical modification of lignocellulose (from Kikuyu grass) with N-terminated siloxanes and its utilisation as adsorbent for the removal of phenol red from aqueous media. The stability of the bond between lignocellulose and siloxane was assessed after Soxhlet extraction of unreacted siloxanes in tetrahydrofuran for 5 h, as well as soaking the materials in water for 24 h. Adsorption tests showed the prepared materials to be good candidate for the removal of phenol red (dye) from water, with adsorption capacity from 1.454 to 3.312 mg of phenol red adsorbed per gram of adsorbent. The kinetics of adsorption was found to follow a pseudo-second-order equation indicating chemisorption rather than simple forces of association. The linearised form of adsorption isotherms matched with the Langmuir model. © 2014, Islamic Azad University (IAU).	Adsorption; Chemical modification; Isotherms; Kinetics; Lignocellulose; N-terminated siloxane; Phenol red	Adsorbents; Adsorption; Cellulose; Chemical modification; Driers (materials); Dyes; Enzyme kinetics; Isotherms; Lignin; Phenols; Silicon compounds; Adsorption capacities; Adsorption tests; Langmuir models; Lignocellulose; Phenol red; Pseudo-second-order equations; Soxhlet extraction; Tetra-hydrofuran; Chemicals removal (water treatment); adsorption; aqueous solution; cellulose; chemical alteration; chemical bonding; experimental apparatus; grafting; grass; heterocyclic oxygen compound; isotherm; kinetics; laboratory method; organometallic compound; phenolic compound; water treatment; Pennisetum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-45849101676	Evaluation of toluidine blue O staining for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis jiroveci in expectorated sputum sample and bronchoalveolar lavage from HIV-infected patients in a tertiary care referral center in Ethiopia	Aderaye G., Woldeamanuel Y., Asrat D., Lebbad M., Beser J., Worku A., Fernandez V., Lindquist L.	2008	Infection	36	3	10.1007/s15010-007-7191-8	Dept. of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 2380, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Medical Faculty, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; Dept. of Parasitology, Mycology and Water, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control (SMI), Solna, Sweden; Dept. of Community Health, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; Dept. of Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University, I 73 Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden	Aderaye, G., Dept. of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 2380, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Dept. of Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University, I 73 Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Woldeamanuel, Y., Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Medical Faculty, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; Asrat, D., Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Medical Faculty, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; Lebbad, M., Dept. of Parasitology, Mycology and Water, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control (SMI), Solna, Sweden; Beser, J., Dept. of Parasitology, Mycology and Water, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control (SMI), Solna, Sweden; Worku, A., Dept. of Community Health, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; Fernandez, V., Dept. of Parasitology, Mycology and Water, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control (SMI), Solna, Sweden; Lindquist, L., Dept. of Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University, I 73 Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden	Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is becoming increasingly recognized in sub-Saharan Africa. The currently recommended diagnostic methods using induced sputum (IS) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) are neither technically feasible nor affordable for a wider clinical use in developing countries. Therefore, there is a need for a simple and affordable diagnostic test. The yield of Toluidine Blue O (TBO) stain, immunofluorescence (IF), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis jiroveci were compared in 78 expectorated sputum and 118 BAL samples of 131 HIV-infected patients presenting with atypical chest X-ray and sputum smear-negative for acid-fast bacilli. A total of 56 (42.7%) patients tested positive for P. jiroveci by PCR, 39 (29.4%) by IF, and 28 (21.4%) by TBO stain. The sensitivity of TBO as compared to IF and PCR was 71.4% and 34.5% in expectorated sputum and 68% and 41.5% in BAL samples, respectively, with a specificity approaching 100% in both. The sputum PCR showed high concordance rate with BAL PCR. The sensitivity and specificity of sputum PCR as compared to BALPCR was 78.9% and 89%, respectively. In both TBO and IF positive BAL samples, majority were from patients who could not produce sputum (p < 0.001). The density of P. jiroveci clusters in BAL samples did not correlate with prior co-trimoxazole use, immunologic status of the patient or overall mortality. Compared to IF, TBO staining has an acceptable sensitivity and very high specificity both in expectorated sputum and BAL samples. Expectorated sputum is, therefore, the most practical specimen and TBO staining an inexpensive diagnostic method to be recommended for high-HIV, resource-constrained settings. Bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of PCP is often not required for patients who can produce sputum. For patients who cannot produce sputum, however, the cost and efficacy of TBO in IS sample needs to be investigated in resource-poor countries. © 2008 Urban & Vogel.	None	cotrimoxazole; tolonium chloride; acid fast bacterium; adult; article; bacterium culture; clinical evaluation; diagnostic test; Ethiopia; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunofluorescence test; immunological procedures; lung lavage; major clinical study; male; mortality; Pneumocystis jiroveci; Pneumocystis pneumonia; polymerase chain reaction; sensitivity and specificity; sputum culture; staining; statistical significance; tertiary health care; thorax radiography; Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; DNA, Fungal; Ethiopia; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; HIV Infections; Hospitals, University; Humans; Male; Pneumocystis jirovecii; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Predictive Value of Tests; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sputum; Tolonium Chloride	None
None	None	Effect of initial stocking size of the predatory African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) on recruits, growth performance, survival and yield of mixed-sex Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in concrete tank culture system	Limbu S.M., Shoko A.P., Lamtane H.A., Shirima E.D., Kishe-Machumu M.A., Mgana H.F., Mgaya Y.D.	2015	International Aquatic Research	7	1	10.1007/s40071-014-0093-3	Department of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries, University of Dar es Salaam, P. O. Box 35064, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute, Headquarters, P. O. Box 9750, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute, Kigoma Centre, P. O. Box 90, Kigoma, Tanzania	Limbu, S.M., Department of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries, University of Dar es Salaam, P. O. Box 35064, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Shoko, A.P., Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute, Headquarters, P. O. Box 9750, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Lamtane, H.A., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Shirima, E.D., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Kishe-Machumu, M.A., Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute, Headquarters, P. O. Box 9750, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Mgana, H.F., Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute, Kigoma Centre, P. O. Box 90, Kigoma, Tanzania; Mgaya, Y.D., Department of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries, University of Dar es Salaam, P. O. Box 35064, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Prolific breeding and production of high percentage of recruits are main problems in mixed-sex Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) culture in earthen ponds. The current study assessed the efficiency of different sizes of African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in controlling recruitment in mixed-sex Nile tilapia cultured in tanks and its effect on growth performance, percentage survival and yield. Three treatments consisting of triplicate ponds stocked with mixed-sex Nile tilapia in monoculture and in polyculture with large (62.50 ± 3.26 g) and small (40.00 ± 2.68 g) African sharptooth catfish were fed on a 297.50 g kg−1 crude protein diet for 126 days. Results showed that, the number of recruits was significantly lower in larger African sharptooth catfish predator than smaller ones and monoculture of Nile tilapia. Polyculture with larger African sharptooth catfish resulted in significantly higher growth performance of Nile tilapia. Large African sharptooth catfish in polyculture reduced the amount of small, low-value recruits, while the yield of large and high value Nile tilapia was increased. This study revealed that fish farmers can reduce prolific breeding, obtain higher growth performance and produce larger size of marketable Nile tilapia by predominantly stocking ponds with large African sharptooth catfish predator of at least 60 g. © 2015, The Author(s).	Monoculture; Polyculture; Predator; Production; Prolific breeding; Recruitment	Clarias gariepinus; Oreochromis niloticus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84957602813	Evaluation of sodium isobutyl xanthate as a collector in the froth flotation of a carbonatitic copper ore	Langa N.T.N., Adeleke A.A., Mendonidis P., Thubakgale C.K.	2014	International Journal of Industrial Chemistry	5	42433	10.1007/s40090-014-0025-5	Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Langa, N.T.N., Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa; Adeleke, A.A., Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Mendonidis, P., Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa; Thubakgale, C.K., Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa	The dosage of a collector is an important factor that determines the efficiency of a froth flotation process. The representative sample of the carbonatitic Palabora copper ore ground 45 % passing 75 µm was froth-floated with sodium isobutyl xanthate (SIBX) collector at 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 g/t dosages. The concentrates and tails were dried and analysed. The results obtained showed that the highest recovery of 85.18 % with a grade of 12.61 % was obtained at the 80 g/t dosage. It was further observed that the copper grade of the concentrate generally decreased with increasing recovery. The particle size distribution analysis of the tailings showed that the froth flotation was most efficient in the fine particle size range 38–75 µm. © 2014, The Author(s).	Collector; Copper ore; Dosage; Grade; Recovery; Tailings	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920437193	Techno-economic and environmental evaluation of demand side management techniques for rural electrification in Ibadan, Nigeria	Akinbulire T.O., Oluseyi P.O., Babatunde O.M.	2014	International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering	5	4	10.1007/s40095-014-0132-2	Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Akinbulire, T.O., Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Oluseyi, P.O., Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Babatunde, O.M., Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	According to the United Nation Development Programme, access to modern low-cost energy systems in developing countries is important in the realization of the globally agreed developmental goals, as well as the Millennium Development Goals, and sustainable development, which would assist in the reduction of poverty and to improve the conditions and quality of life for the greater part of the world’s population. Planners have suggested hybrid energy system for the electrification of rural areas worldwide. This study investigates the techno-economic and environmental effect of applying demand side management (DSM) activities to rural loads before design and sizing of hybrid energy systems for such community. Iporin a rural area in Ibadan, Nigeria which is endowed with an average daily solar radiation of 3.84 kWh/m2/day was taken as a case study. The total daily consumption which was initially estimated as 297 kWh/day after the application of DSM techniques dropped to 130 kWh/day representing a decrease of 56.80 %. Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables software was used for simulation and optimization purpose. Parameters such as DSM index, net present cost, and emission level were used in determining the effect of the DSM technique. Overall, the DSM activities proved to be more economical and environmental friendly. © 2014, The Author(s).	Demand side management; Energy efficiency; HOMER; Hybrid energy system; Nigeria	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947908564	Impact of Antidepressant Drugs on Sexual Function and Satisfaction	Baldwin D.S., Manson C., Nowak M.	2015	CNS Drugs	29	11	10.1007/s40263-015-0294-3	Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; University Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa; University Guangji Hospital, Suzhou, China; University Department of Psychiatry, Academic Centre, College Keep, 4-12 Terminus Terrace, Southampton, United Kingdom	Baldwin, D.S., Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom, University Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa, University Guangji Hospital, Suzhou, China, University Department of Psychiatry, Academic Centre, College Keep, 4-12 Terminus Terrace, Southampton, United Kingdom; Manson, C., Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Nowak, M., Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom	Pleasurable sexual activity is important in many human relationships and can provide a sense of physical, emotional and social well-being. Depressive symptoms and depressive illness are associated with impairments in sexual function and sexual dissatisfaction in untreated and treated patients. Most currently available antidepressant drugs are associated with development or worsening of sexual dysfunction in a substantial proportion of patients. Sexual difficulties during antidepressant treatment often resolve as depression lifts, but can persist over long periods, reducing self-esteem and affecting mood and relationships adversely. Sexual difficulties during antidepressant treatment typically have many possible causes but the incidence and nature of dysfunction varies between drugs. Many interventions can be considered when managing sexual dysfunction associated with antidepressants but no approach is 'ideal'. Because treatment-emergent sexual difficulties are less frequent with certain drugs, presumably related to differences in pharmacological properties, and since current interventions are suboptimal, a lower incidence of sexual dysfunction is a relevant tolerability target when developing novel antidepressants. © 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland.	None	agomelatine; amfebutamone; amineptine; antidepressant agent; aripiprazole; clomipramine; dapoxetine; escitalopram; fluoxetine; fluvoxamine; lithium; mirtazapine; moclobemide; nefazodone; olanzapine; paroxetine; phosphodiesterase V inhibitor; placebo; serotonin noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sertraline; sildenafil; tadalafil; testosterone; trazodone; unindexed drug; venlafaxine; vilazodone; vortioxetine; yohimbine; Article; clinical assessment; clinical trial (topic); depression; drug design; drug efficacy; drug induced headache; drug safety; drug tolerability; dyspepsia; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human; incidence; major depression; mental patient; priority journal; prospective study; psychopharmacotherapy; randomized controlled trial (topic); sexual behavior; sexual dysfunction; sexual function; sexual satisfaction; treatment outcome; treatment response; visual disorder	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84945448715	Experiences and Lessons From Implementing Cohort Event Monitoring Programmes for Antimalarials in Four African Countries: Results of a Questionnaire-Based Survey	Suku C.K., Hill G., Sabblah G., Darko M., Muthuri G., Abwao E., Pandit J., Osakwe A.I., Elagbaje C., Nyambayo P., Khoza S., Dodoo A.N., Pal S.N.	2015	Drug Safety	38	11	10.1007/s40264-015-0331-7	National Pharmacovigilance Centre, National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), Abuja, FCT, Nigeria; Uppsala Monitoring Centre (UMC), Uppsala, Sweden; National Pharmacovigilance Centre, Food and Drug Authority (FDA), Accra, Ghana; National Pharmacovigilance Centre, Pharmacy and Poison Board (PPB), Nairobi, Kenya; Bayer HealthCare, Middle Africa Region, Nairobi, Kenya; National Pharmacovigilance Centre, Medicine Control Authority of Zimbabwe (MCAZ), Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; WHO Collaborating Centre (WHO CC) for Advocacy and Training in Pharmacovigilance, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Safety and Vigilance (SAV), WHO, Geneva, Switzerland	Suku, C.K., National Pharmacovigilance Centre, National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), Abuja, FCT, Nigeria; Hill, G., Uppsala Monitoring Centre (UMC), Uppsala, Sweden; Sabblah, G., National Pharmacovigilance Centre, Food and Drug Authority (FDA), Accra, Ghana; Darko, M., National Pharmacovigilance Centre, Food and Drug Authority (FDA), Accra, Ghana; Muthuri, G., National Pharmacovigilance Centre, Pharmacy and Poison Board (PPB), Nairobi, Kenya; Abwao, E., National Pharmacovigilance Centre, Pharmacy and Poison Board (PPB), Nairobi, Kenya; Pandit, J., National Pharmacovigilance Centre, Pharmacy and Poison Board (PPB), Nairobi, Kenya, Bayer HealthCare, Middle Africa Region, Nairobi, Kenya; Osakwe, A.I., National Pharmacovigilance Centre, National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), Abuja, FCT, Nigeria; Elagbaje, C., National Pharmacovigilance Centre, National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), Abuja, FCT, Nigeria; Nyambayo, P., National Pharmacovigilance Centre, Medicine Control Authority of Zimbabwe (MCAZ), Harare, Zimbabwe; Khoza, S., National Pharmacovigilance Centre, Medicine Control Authority of Zimbabwe (MCAZ), Harare, Zimbabwe, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Dodoo, A.N., WHO Collaborating Centre (WHO CC) for Advocacy and Training in Pharmacovigilance, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Pal, S.N., Safety and Vigilance (SAV), WHO, Geneva, Switzerland	Introduction: Cohort event monitoring (CEM) is an intensive method of post-marketing surveillance for medicines safety. The method is based on prescription event monitoring, which began in the 1970s, and has since been adapted by WHO for monitoring the safety of medicines used in Public Health Programmes. CEM aims to capture all adverse events that occur in a defined group of patients after starting treatment with a specific medicine during the course of routine clinical practice. Objective: The aims of this study were to describe the experiences of National Pharmacovigilance Centres (NCs) that have used CEM to monitor artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for uncomplicated malaria in the African setting, to raise awareness of some of the challenges encountered during implementation and to highlight aspects of the method that require further consideration. Method: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted to capture the experiences of NCs that have implemented CEM for active post-marketing surveillance of antimalarial medicines in sub-Saharan Africa. Six NCs were identified as having implemented CEM programmes and were invited to participate in the survey; five NCs indicated willingness to participate and were sent the questionnaire to complete. Results: Four NCs responded to the survey—Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria and Zimbabwe—providing information on the implementation of a total of six CEM programmes. Their experiences indicate that CEM has helped to build pharmacovigilance capacity within the participating NCs and at the monitoring sites, and that healthcare providers (HCPs) are generally willing to participate in implementing the CEM method. All of the programmes took longer than expected to complete: contributing factors included a prolonged enrolment period and unexpectedly slow data entry. All of the programmes exceeded their budget by 11.1–63.2 %. Data management was identified as a challenge for all participating NCs. Conclusions: The reported experiences of four NCs that have undertaken CEM studies on ACTs indicate that CEM has helped to build pharmacovigilance capacity within NCs and monitoring sites and that HCPs are willing to participate in CEM programmes; however, the method was found to be labour intensive and data management was identified as a challenge. Reducing the workload associated with CEM, particularly in relation to data management, and integrating the method into the routine work of HCPs and NCs should be considered for future implementation. © 2015, The Author(s).	None	artemisinin; Article; awareness; budget; clinical practice; cohort event monitoring; drug surveillance program; Ghana; health care personnel; health care planning; health care survey; health program; human; Kenya; major clinical study; malaria; medical information; monitoring; Nigeria; personal experience; priority journal; questionnaire; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905010060	Polyphenol supplementation: Benefits for exercise performance or oxidative stress?	Myburgh K.H.	2014	Sports Medicine	44	SUPPL.1	10.1007/s40279-014-0151-4	Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	Myburgh, K.H., Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	Supplement use among athletes is widespread, including non-traditional and biological compounds. Despite increasing research, a comprehensive and critical review on polyphenol supplementation and exercise is still lacking. This review is relevant for researchers directly involved in the topic, as well as those with a broad interest in athletic performance enhancement and sports nutrition. The purpose of this review is to present background information on groups of polyphenols and their derivatives because their differing chemical structures influence mechanisms of action; to discuss the potential of plant, fruit and vegetable-based biological supplements, high in polyphenol content, to affect exercise performance and biomarkers of oxidative stress and exercise-induced muscle damage; and to critically discuss the exercise studies and biomarkers used. Subjects in the studies reviewed were either sedentary, healthy individuals, or active, recreationally trained or well-trained athletes. Polyphenol supplementation in exercise studies included mainly extracts (multicomponent or purified), juices, infusions or an increased intake of polyphenol-rich foods. This review includes details of supplement doses and exercise test protocols. Many studies considered only the performance or one or two selected biomarkers of antioxidant capacity instead of a comprehensive choice of biomarkers to assess damage to lipids or proteins. Evidence is insufficient to make recommendations for or against the use of polyphenol supplementation (neither specific polyphenols nor specific doses) for either recreational, competitive or elite athletes. Polyphenols have multiple biological effects, and future exercise studies must be designed appropriately and specifically to determine physiological interactions between exercise and the selected supplement, rather than considering performance alone. © The Author(s) 2014.	None	antioxidant; biological marker; polyphenol; vitamin; athletic performance; chemistry; classification; diet supplementation; endurance; exercise; exercise; human; nutrition; oxidative stress; physiology; skeletal muscle; Antioxidants; Athletic Performance; Biological Markers; Dietary Supplements; Exercise; Humans; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxidative Stress; Physical Conditioning, Human; Physical Endurance; Polyphenols; Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Vitamins	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901355419	Impact of enclosure management on soil properties and microbial biomass in a restored semi-arid rangeland, Kenya	Mureithi S.M., Verdoodt A., Gachene C.K.K., Njoka J.T., Wasonga V.O., De Neve S., Meyerhoff E., Van Ranst E.	2014	Journal of Arid Land	6	5	10.1007/s40333-014-0065-x	Laboratory of Soil Science, Department of Geology and Soil Science, Ghent University, B-9000, Gent, Belgium; Department of Land Resources Management and Agricultural Technology, University of Nairobi, 00625 Nairobi, Kenya; Research Unit of Soil Degradation and Conservation, Department of Soil Management, Ghent University, B-9000, Gent, Belgium; Rehabilitation of Arid Environments Trust, 1051 Nakuru, Kenya	Mureithi, S.M., Laboratory of Soil Science, Department of Geology and Soil Science, Ghent University, B-9000, Gent, Belgium, Department of Land Resources Management and Agricultural Technology, University of Nairobi, 00625 Nairobi, Kenya; Verdoodt, A., Laboratory of Soil Science, Department of Geology and Soil Science, Ghent University, B-9000, Gent, Belgium, Research Unit of Soil Degradation and Conservation, Department of Soil Management, Ghent University, B-9000, Gent, Belgium; Gachene, C.K.K., Department of Land Resources Management and Agricultural Technology, University of Nairobi, 00625 Nairobi, Kenya; Njoka, J.T., Department of Land Resources Management and Agricultural Technology, University of Nairobi, 00625 Nairobi, Kenya; Wasonga, V.O., Department of Land Resources Management and Agricultural Technology, University of Nairobi, 00625 Nairobi, Kenya; De Neve, S., Research Unit of Soil Degradation and Conservation, Department of Soil Management, Ghent University, B-9000, Gent, Belgium; Meyerhoff, E., Rehabilitation of Arid Environments Trust, 1051 Nakuru, Kenya; Van Ranst, E., Laboratory of Soil Science, Department of Geology and Soil Science, Ghent University, B-9000, Gent, Belgium	Rangeland degradation is a serious problem throughout sub-Saharan Africa and its restoration is a challenge for the management of arid and semi-arid areas. In Lake Baringo Basin of Kenya, communities and individual farmers are restoring indigenous vegetation inside enclosures in an effort to combat severe land degradation and address their livelihood problems. This study evaluated the impact of enclosure management on soil properties and microbial biomass, being key indicators of soil ecosystem health. Six reseeded communal enclosures using soil embankments as water-harvesting structures and strictly regulated access were selected, varying in age from 13 to 23 years. In six private enclosures, ranging from 3 to 17 years in age, individual farmers emulated the communal enclosure strategy and restored areas for their exclusive use. Significant decreases in bulk density, and increases in the soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and microbial biomass contents and stocks were found in the enclosures as compared with the degraded open rangeland. In the private enclosures, the impact of rehabilitation on the soil quality was variable, and soil quality was in general lower than that obtained under communal management. The significant increase of absolute stocks of carbon, nitrogen and microbial biomass compared to the degraded open rangeland indicates the potential for the restoration of soil quality through range rehabilitation. Over-sowing with indigenous legume fodder species could improve total nitrogen content in the soil and nutritional value of the pastures as well. © 2014 Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Springer - Verlag GmbH.	enclosures; Kenya; microbial biomass; rangeland degradation; rehabilitation; reseeding; soil quality	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929151683	Evaluation of serum antioxidants in age-related hearing loss	Lasisi T.J., Lasisi A.O.	2015	Aging Clinical and Experimental Research	27	3	10.1007/s40520-014-0282-3	Departments of Physiology and Oral Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, P. O. Box 22040, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Lasisi, T.J., Departments of Physiology and Oral Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, P. O. Box 22040, Ibadan, Nigeria; Lasisi, A.O., Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Background: Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) has been linked to the shift in the pro-oxidant/antioxidant ratio. Our objectives were to assess serum levels of retinol and zinc among the elderly individuals and to correlate the levels with hearing threshold.Methods: Prospective study of apparently healthy individuals aged ≥60 years of age. Participants had complete clinical history, physical examination and pure tone average conducted. Blood samples were collected for determination of serum levels of retinol and zinc. Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare retinol and zinc values. Pearson’s correlation test was used to determine the relationship between hearing threshold and serum levels of retinol and zinc.Results: Among 126 elderly participants with mean age 67 ± 2.7 years; the mean pure tone average for air conduction was 29.3 ± 1.6 dBHL while the mean bone conduction was 36.5 ± 1.8 dBHL. The median values of serum retinol and zinc levels in the elderly participants who had hearing loss in the speech frequencies were 52 and 83.3 μg/L, respectively, while among participants with normal hearing threshold, values were 50 and 89.9 μg/L, respectively (p = 0.59 and 0.99, respectively). For the high frequencies, the median value of serum retinol and zinc levels among the elderly participants with normal hearing threshold was 70.3 and 99.9 μg/L, while among those with hearing loss, it was 46.9 and 83.2 μg/L, respectively (p = 0.000 and 0.005, respectively).Conclusion: Serum retinol and zinc levels were significantly lower among elderly with hearing loss involving the high frequencies. This is added evidence to extant literature on the possible role of antioxidants in the development of ARHL and suggests further study on the effect of antioxidants supplementation in the control of ARHL which is presently controversial and inconclusive. © 2014, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.	Age related hearing loss; Antioxidants; Elderly; Hearing threshold; Retinol; Zinc	retinol; zinc; adult; age related hearing loss; aged; air conduction; Article; auditory threshold; blood sampling; bone conduction; correlation coefficient; female; hearing impairment; human; major clinical study; male; pure tone audiometry; rank sum test; speech articulation; zinc blood level	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888319054	Ozone concentrations and their potential impacts on Vegetation in Southern Africa	Laakso L., Beukes J.P., Van Zyl P.G., Pienaar J.J., Josipovic M., Venter A., Jaars K., Vakkari V., Labuschagne C., Chiloane K., Tuovinen J.-P.	2013	Developments in Environmental Science	13	None	10.1016/B978-0-08-098349-3.00020-7	Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland; Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Cape Point GAW Observatory, ZAFn Weather Service, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Sustainability and Innovation, Environmental Sciences Department, Eskom, Johannesburg, South Africa	Laakso, L., Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland, Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Beukes, J.P., Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Van Zyl, P.G., Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Pienaar, J.J., Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Josipovic, M., Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Venter, A., Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Jaars, K., Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Vakkari, V., Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Labuschagne, C., Cape Point GAW Observatory, ZAFn Weather Service, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Chiloane, K., Sustainability and Innovation, Environmental Sciences Department, Eskom, Johannesburg, South Africa; Tuovinen, J.-P., Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland	The tropospheric ozone concentrations over southern Africa are relatively high due to large precursor emissions from biomass burning, vegetation and anthropogenic sources and the intensity of solar radiation. In this study, we summarize ozone concentration data from both literature and new measurements. Further, we present data on the accumulated vegetation exposure to ozone in terms of the AOT40 index, which is calculated for the sites with hourly ozone and radiation data, with an aim to assess the potential for adverse effects on vegetation. As the seasonal variation of ozone concentrations is large, we discuss the effect of growing season onset on the stomatal gas exchange and the related potential for vegetation impacts. Finally, future research needs are discussed. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Air pollution; AOT40; South Africa; Tropospheric ozone; Vegetation impacts	None	None
None	None	Maize production in a changing climate. impacts, adaptation, and mitigation strategies	Cairns J.E., Sonder K., Zaidi P.H., Verhulst N., Mahuku G., Babu R., Nair S.K., Das B., Govaerts B., Vinayan M.T., Rashid Z., Noor J.J., Devi P., San Vicente F., Prasanna B.M.	2012	Advances in Agronomy	114	None	10.1016/B978-0-12-394275-3.00006-7	International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Hyderabad, India; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya	Cairns, J.E., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; Sonder, K., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; Zaidi, P.H., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Hyderabad, India; Verhulst, N., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Mahuku, G., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; Babu, R., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; Nair, S.K., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; Das, B., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya; Govaerts, B., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; Vinayan, M.T., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Hyderabad, India; Rashid, Z., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Hyderabad, India; Noor, J.J., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Hyderabad, India; Devi, P., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Hyderabad, India; San Vicente, F., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; Prasanna, B.M., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya	Plant breeding and improved management options have made remarkable progress in increasing crop yields during the past century. However, climate change projections suggest that large yield losses will be occurring in many regions, particularly within sub-Saharan Africa. The development of climate-ready germplasm to offset these losses is of the upmost importance. Given the time lag between the development of improved germplasm and adoption in farmers' fields, the development of improved breeding pipelines needs to be a high priority. Recent advances in molecular breeding provide powerful tools to accelerate breeding gains and dissect stress adaptation. This review focuses on achievements in stress tolerance breeding and physiology and presents future tools for quick and efficient germplasm development. Sustainable agronomic and resource management practices can effectively contribute to climate change mitigation. Management options to increase maize system resilience to climate-related stresses and mitigate the effects of future climate change are also discussed. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.	Abiotic stress; Adaptation; Biotic stress; Climate change; Climate projections; Maize; Mitigation; Sub-Saharan Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887909448	Genomics of elite sporting performance: What little we know and necessary advances	Wang G., Padmanabhan S., Wolfarth B., Fuku N., Lucia A., Ahmetov I.I., Cieszczyk P., Collins M., Eynon N., Klissouras V., Williams A., Pitsiladis Y.	2013	Advances in Genetics	84	None	10.1016/B978-0-12-407703-4.00004-9	Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Preventive and Rehabilitative Sports Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Genomics for Longevity and Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan; European University and Research Institute i+12, Madrid, Spain; Sport Technology Education Research Laboratory, Volga Region State Academy of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Kazan, Russian Federation; Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland; MRC/UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine of the Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Newlands, South Africa; Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Sport Medicine and Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Institute for Performance Research, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe, United Kingdom; School of Sport and Service Management, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, United Kingdom; The Skeletal Muscle and Performance Research Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia	Wang, G., Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Padmanabhan, S., Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Wolfarth, B., Department of Preventive and Rehabilitative Sports Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; Fuku, N., Department of Genomics for Longevity and Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan; Lucia, A., European University and Research Institute i+12, Madrid, Spain; Ahmetov, I.I., Sport Technology Education Research Laboratory, Volga Region State Academy of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Kazan, Russian Federation; Cieszczyk, P., Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland; Collins, M., MRC/UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine of the Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Newlands, South Africa; Eynon, N., Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia, The Skeletal Muscle and Performance Research Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Klissouras, V., Department of Sport Medicine and Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Williams, A., Institute for Performance Research, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe, United Kingdom; Pitsiladis, Y., Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom, School of Sport and Service Management, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, United Kingdom	Numerous reports of genetic associations with performance- and injury-related phenotypes have been published over the past three decades; these studies have employed primarily the candidate gene approach to identify genes that associate with elite performance or with variation in performance-and/or injury-related traits. Although generally with small effect sizes and heavily prone to type I statistic error, the number of candidate genetic variants that can potentially explain elite athletic status, injury predisposition, or indeed response to training will be much higher than that examined by numerous biotechnology companies. Priority should therefore be given to applying whole genome technology to sufficiently large study cohorts of world-class athletes with adequately measured phenotypes where it is possible to increase statistical power. Some of the elite athlete cohorts described in the literature might suffice, and collectively, these cohorts could be used for replication purposes. Genome-wide association studies are ongoing in some of these cohorts (i.e., Genathlete, Russian, Spanish, Japanese, United States, and Jamaican cohorts), and preliminary findings include the identification of one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; among more than a million SNPs analyzed) that associates with sprint performance in Japanese, American (i.e., African American), and Jamaican cohorts with a combined effect size of ~2.6 (P-value &lt;5×10-7) and good concordance with endurance performance between select cohorts. Further replications of these signals in independent cohorts will be required, and any replicated SNPs will be taken forward for fine-mapping/targeted resequencing and functional studies to uncover the underlying biological mechanisms. Only after this lengthy and costly process will the true potential of genetic testing in sport be determined. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.	ACE/ACTN3 polymorphisms; Candidate gene association study; Complex trait; Elite performance; Genome-wide association study; Single nucleotide polymorphism	ACE protein, human; actinin; ACTN3 protein, human; dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase; ACE/ACTN3 polymorphisms; article; athlete; athletic performance; candidate gene association study; Complex trait; Elite Performance; genetic association; genetic screening; genetics; human; running; single nucleotide polymorphism; ACE/ACTN3 polymorphisms; candidate gene association study; complex trait; elite performance; genome-wide association study; single nucleotide polymorphism; Actinin; Athletes; Athletic Performance; Genetic Testing; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Running	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886290654	Environmental Impact Assessment in Kenya	Biamah E.K., Kiio J., Kogo B.	2013	Developments in Earth Surface Processes	16	None	10.1016/B978-0-444-59559-1.00018-9	Water Systems Engineering, University of Nairobi, Kenya; Agricultural Economist, Ministry of Agriculture, Kenya; Environmental and Biosystems Engineer, Norken Consult, Kenya	Biamah, E.K., Water Systems Engineering, University of Nairobi, Kenya; Kiio, J., Agricultural Economist, Ministry of Agriculture, Kenya; Kogo, B., Environmental and Biosystems Engineer, Norken Consult, Kenya	In Kenya, environmental impact assessment (EIA) has been used to ensure that environmental management is integrated into project planning and decision-making with a view of achieving ecologically sustainable development. Best-practice EIA identifies environmental risks, lessens resource use conflicts by promoting community participation, minimizes adverse environmental effects, informs decision-makers, and helps lay the base for environmentally sound projects. In the integration of an EIA, due considerations are made in all stages of a project, from exploration and planning through construction, operations, decommissioning, and beyond site closure. Therefore, this chapter brings out an in-depth understanding of the EIA in the Kenyan context. Some of the key issues looked into are the goals and principles of the EIA, the EIA process, public consultation and participation in environmental assessment, social dimensions in environmental assessment, and the legislative and regulatory framework for environmental management in Kenya. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Assessment; Consultation; Development; Environment; Impact; Integration; Participation; Planning; Social; Sustainability	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921477348	Leveraging agriculture for nutrition impact through the feed the future initiative	Du L., Pinga V., Klein A., Danton H.	2015	Advances in Food and Nutrition Research	74	None	10.1016/bs.afnr.2014.11.001	Strengthening Partnerships Results and Innovations in Nutrition Globally, The SPRING project/Helen Keller International, Nigeria; SPRING/Save the Children, United States; SPRING/JSI Research and Training Institute Inc., Nigeria	Du, L., Strengthening Partnerships Results and Innovations in Nutrition Globally, The SPRING project/Helen Keller International, Nigeria; Pinga, V., SPRING/Save the Children, United States; Klein, A., SPRING/JSI Research and Training Institute Inc., Nigeria; Danton, H., SPRING/JSI Research and Training Institute Inc., Nigeria	Nutrition is a multisectoral problem; current state of empirical evidence for agricultural interventions' impacts on nutrition is weak. In the past 10 years, both agriculture and nutrition have risen on the global policy agenda. Several recent international movements have created great momentum for nutrition among global political leaders and policymakers. The 2008 world food price crisis prompted larger investment pledges to agricultural development.The U.S. Government launched the Feed the Future initiative in 2009 to address global hunger and food security, with a primary goal to reduce poverty and undernutrition by simultaneously promoting inclusive agriculture sector growth and improved nutritional status for women and children. With operations in 19 focus countries, Feed the Future provides an important laboratory of learning where efforts can be effective and, once proven, taken to scale to make agriculture work for nutrition.The Strengthening Partnerships, Results, and Innovations in Nutrition Globally (SPRING) project has been conducting a series of research on the Feed the Future initiative. This chapter will first provide a review of the nutrition narrative in relation to food and nutrition, introduce the current understanding of linkages between agriculture and nutrition and the Feed the Future initiative's efforts to strengthen the nutritional impact of agricultural and economic growth activities, and describe an extensive review of how the design and early implementation of Feed the Future activities linked agriculture and nutrition. Finally, the chapter presents an updated framework that incorporates ways to improve nutrition outcomes of agricultural programming in the broader context of food system. © 2015 Elsevier Inc.	Agriculture; Feed the Future; Food systems; Landscape analysis; Nutrition; Pathways; SPRING; USAID	agriculture; animal; diet; environment; environmental protection; female; food; food handling; food preservation; gender identity; human; infant; male; malnutrition; mortality; newborn; nutrition; nutritional value; preschool child; Agriculture; Animals; Child, Preschool; Conservation of Natural Resources; Diet; Environment; Female; Food; Food Handling; Food Preservation; Gender Identity; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Malnutrition; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Nutritive Value; Women	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-58049200662	The impact of a home visitation programme on household hazards associated with unintentional childhood injuries: A randomised controlled trial	Odendaal W., van Niekerk A., Jordaan E., Seedat M.	2009	Accident Analysis and Prevention	41	1	10.1016/j.aap.2008.10.009	University of South Africa, Institute for Social and Health Sciences, MRC-UNISA Crime, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; MRC-UNISA Crime, Violence and Injury Lead Programme, Medical Research Council of South Africa, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa; Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council of South Africa, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa; University of South Africa, Institute for Social and Health Sciences, MRC-UNISA Crime, PO Box 1087, Lenasia 1820, South Africa	Odendaal, W., University of South Africa, Institute for Social and Health Sciences, MRC-UNISA Crime, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; van Niekerk, A., MRC-UNISA Crime, Violence and Injury Lead Programme, Medical Research Council of South Africa, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa; Jordaan, E., Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council of South Africa, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa; Seedat, M., University of South Africa, Institute for Social and Health Sciences, MRC-UNISA Crime, PO Box 1087, Lenasia 1820, South Africa	Background: The continued high mortality and morbidity rates for unintentional childhood injuries remain a public health concern. This article reports on the influence of a home visitation programme (HVP) on household hazards associated with unintentional childhood injuries in a South African low-income setting. Methods: A randomised controlled trial (n = 211 households) was conducted in a South African informal settlement. Community members were recruited and trained as paraprofessional visitors. Four intervention visits were conducted over 3 months, focusing on child development, and the prevention of burn, poison, and fall injuries. The HVP, a multi-component intervention, included educational inputs, provision of safety devices, and an implicit enforcement strategy. The intervention effect (IE) was measured with a standardised risk assessment index that compared post-intervention scores for intervention and control households. Results: A significant reduction was observed in the hazards associated with electrical and paraffin appliances, as well as in hazards related to poisoning. Non-significant changes were observed for burn safety household practices and fall injury hazards. Conclusions: This study confirmed that a multi-component HVP effectively reduced household hazards associated with electrical and paraffin appliances and poisoning among children in a low-income South African setting. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Home visitation; Multi-component intervention; Paraprofessional home visitors; Randomised controlled trial; Unintentional childhood injuries	Hazards; Health risks; Paraffin waxes; Paraffins; Risk assessment; Risk management; Home visitation; Multi-component intervention; Paraprofessional home visitors; Randomised controlled trial; Unintentional childhood injuries; Health hazards; adolescent; article; child; child welfare; clinical trial; confidence interval; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; dangerous goods; home accident; human; infant; mortality; newborn; preschool child; professional practice; randomized controlled trial; risk assessment; risk reduction; safety; South Africa; statistics; Accidents, Home; Adolescent; Child; Child Welfare; Child, Preschool; Confidence Intervals; Hazardous Substances; House Calls; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Risk Assessment; Risk Reduction Behavior; Safety; South Africa	None
WoS	WOS:000337855300005	The impact of alcohol and road traffic policies on crash rates in Botswana, 2004-2011: A time-series analysis	Dellinger, Ann M.,Naumann, Rebecca B.,Ndlovu, Christopher,Rudd, Rose A.,Sebego, Miriam,Voetsch, Karen	2014	ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION	70	None	10.1016/j.aap.2014.02.017	University of Botswana, University of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Botswana Police Serv, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent	"Sebego, Miriam: University of Botswana",	In Botswana, increased development and motorization have brought increased road traffic-related death rates. Between 1981 and 2001, the road traffic-related death rate in Botswana more than tripled. The country has taken several steps over the last several years to address the growing burden of road traffic crashes and particularly to address the burden of alcohol-related crashes. This study examines the impact of the implementation of alcohol and road safety-related policies on crash rates, including overall crash rates, fatal crash rates, and single-vehicle nighttime fatal (SVNF) crash rates, in Botswana from 2004 to 2011. The overall crash rate declined significantly in June 2009 and June 2010, such that the overall crash rate from June 2010 to December 2011 was 22% lower than the overall crash rate from January 2004 to May 2009. Additionally, there were significant declines in average fatal crash and SVNF crash rates in early 2010. Botswana's recent crash rate reductions occurred during a time when aggressive policies and other activities (e.g., education, enforcement) were implemented to reduce alcohol consumption and improve road safety. While it is unclear which of the policies or activities contributed to these declines and to what extent, these reductions are likely the result of several, combined efforts. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	ALCOHOL,INJURY,"ROAD TRAFFIC","Traffic fines",ACCIDENTS,CONSUMPTION,INJURIES,"INTERVENTION ANALYSIS",OFFENSES,PENALTIES,PRICE,REDUCE,"SEAT-BELT USE",TAX	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-75749099251	Evaluation of US Training for the Past 6 Years at ECUREI, the World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (WFUMB) Centre of Excellence, Kampala, Uganda	Kawooya M.G., Goldberg B.B., De Groot W., Matovu P.D., Malwadde E.K., Baltarowich O.H.	2010	Academic Radiology	17	3	10.1016/j.acra.2009.10.009	Ernest Cook Ultrasound Research and Education Institute (ECUREI) and Makerere, University Department of Radiology, Mengo Hospital, Albert Cook Road, Kampala, Uganda; Division of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital and Jefferson Ultrasound Research, Philadelphia, United States; International Health Operations, Fontys University of Applied Science, Eindohen, Netherlands	Kawooya, M.G., Ernest Cook Ultrasound Research and Education Institute (ECUREI) and Makerere, University Department of Radiology, Mengo Hospital, Albert Cook Road, Kampala, Uganda; Goldberg, B.B., Division of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital and Jefferson Ultrasound Research, Philadelphia, United States; De Groot, W., International Health Operations, Fontys University of Applied Science, Eindohen, Netherlands; Matovu, P.D., Ernest Cook Ultrasound Research and Education Institute (ECUREI) and Makerere, University Department of Radiology, Mengo Hospital, Albert Cook Road, Kampala, Uganda; Malwadde, E.K., Ernest Cook Ultrasound Research and Education Institute (ECUREI) and Makerere, University Department of Radiology, Mengo Hospital, Albert Cook Road, Kampala, Uganda; Baltarowich, O.H., Division of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital and Jefferson Ultrasound Research, Philadelphia, United States	Rationale and Objectives: The objectives of this article are: To explore the impact of the Radiological Society of North America-sponsored "Teach the Teachers" training course and other capacity building interventions (CBIs) on Uganda's ultrasound (US) training capacity; compare performance of students undertaking a modular diploma ultrasound course to the non-modular; and compare performance among various health cadres undertaking US training. Materials and Methods: The impact of the "Teach the Teachers" training course and other capacity building interventions were evaluated through analysis of the planning, implementation, sustainability, and output of the training center. Comparison of students' performance in the modular and non-modular diploma courses was by a retrospective cohort methodology using odds ratios. Comparison of performance was by analyzing their mean test scores using a paired Student t-test. Results: To date, 306 students from nine African countries have successfully completed the US diploma training. Fifty (16%) are non-Ugandans. The non-modular cohort has performed better than the modular (OR = 3.2) in the final written examination. The mean test scores for the final written examinations were: 73.4%, 71.9%, 61.2%, and 57% for the doctors, radiographers, assistant physicians, and nurses/midwives, respectively. Conclusion: The Radiological Society of North America-sponsored "Teach the Teacher's course in US" together with other capacity building interventions have led to an established center of excellence for US training in Uganda. © 2010 AUR.	evaluation; training; Uganda; Ultrasound	article; biology; cohort analysis; doctoral education; evaluation; graduate student; health care personnel; medical education; medical examination; midwifery education; nursing education; performance; physician assistant; priority journal; staff training; Uganda; ultrasound; Education, Medical, Continuing; International Agencies; Professional Competence; Radiology; Uganda; Ultrasonography; United States	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33751068997	A combined school- and community-based campaign targeting all school-age children of Burkina Faso against schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis: Performance, financial costs and implications for sustainability	Gabrielli A.-F., Touré S., Sellin B., Sellin E., Ky C., Ouedraogo H., Yaogho M., Wilson M.D., Thompson H., Sanou S., Fenwick A.	2006	Acta Tropica	99	42403	10.1016/j.actatropica.2006.08.008	Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom; Programme National de Lutte contre la Schistosomiase et les Vers Intestinaux, Ministère de la Santé, 06 BP9103, Ouagadougou 06, Burkina Faso; Réseau International Schistosomoses, Environnement, Aménagements et Lutte, Saint-Mathurin, 56270 Ploemeur, France; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Direction de la Lutte contre la Maladie, Ministère de la Santé, 03 BP7035, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso	Gabrielli, A.-F., Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom; Touré, S., Programme National de Lutte contre la Schistosomiase et les Vers Intestinaux, Ministère de la Santé, 06 BP9103, Ouagadougou 06, Burkina Faso; Sellin, B., Réseau International Schistosomoses, Environnement, Aménagements et Lutte, Saint-Mathurin, 56270 Ploemeur, France; Sellin, E., Réseau International Schistosomoses, Environnement, Aménagements et Lutte, Saint-Mathurin, 56270 Ploemeur, France; Ky, C., Programme National de Lutte contre la Schistosomiase et les Vers Intestinaux, Ministère de la Santé, 06 BP9103, Ouagadougou 06, Burkina Faso; Ouedraogo, H., Programme National de Lutte contre la Schistosomiase et les Vers Intestinaux, Ministère de la Santé, 06 BP9103, Ouagadougou 06, Burkina Faso; Yaogho, M., Programme National de Lutte contre la Schistosomiase et les Vers Intestinaux, Ministère de la Santé, 06 BP9103, Ouagadougou 06, Burkina Faso; Wilson, M.D., Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Thompson, H., Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom; Sanou, S., Direction de la Lutte contre la Maladie, Ministère de la Santé, 03 BP7035, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso; Fenwick, A., Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom	A combined school- and community-based campaign targeting the entire school-age population of Burkina Faso with drugs against schistosomiasis (praziquantel) and soil-transmitted helminthiasis (albendazole) was implemented in 2004-2005. In total, 3,322,564 children from 5 to 15 years of age were treated, equivalent to a 90.8% coverage of the total school-age population of the country. The total costs of the campaign were estimated to be US$ 1,067,284, of which 69.4% was spent on the drugs. Delivery costs per child treated were US$ 0.098, in the same range as school-based only interventions implemented in other countries; total costs per child treated (including drugs) were US$ 0.32. We conclude that a combined school- and community-based strategy is effective in attaining a high coverage among school-age children in countries where school enrolment is low and where primary schools cannot serve as the exclusive drug distribution points. The challenge for Burkina Faso will now be to ensure the sustainability of these disease control activities. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Burkina Faso; Control; Financial costs; Performance; Schistosomiasis; Soil-transmitted helminthiasis; Sustainability	albendazole; praziquantel; child health; community care; cost; disease transmission; disease treatment; drug; performance assessment; sustainability; adolescent; article; Burkina Faso; child; community care; controlled study; disease control; drug cost; drug distribution; female; health care cost; health care delivery; helminthiasis; human; intervention study; major clinical study; male; primary school; schistosomiasis; school health service; Adolescent; Albendazole; Animals; Anthelmintics; Burkina Faso; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Costs; Female; Health Care Costs; Humans; Male; Praziquantel; Schistosoma haematobium; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis haematobia; Schistosomiasis mansoni; Schools; Africa; Burkina Faso; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67650573158	Evaluation of the performance of CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo and Paracheck Pf® tests for the diagnosis of malaria in Wondo Genet, southern Ethiopia	Bekele Sharew, Mengistu Legesse, Abebe Animut, Daddi Jima, Girmay Medhin, Berhanu Erko	2009	Acta Tropica	111	3	10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.05.014	Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Bekele Sharew, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Mengistu Legesse, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Abebe Animut, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Daddi Jima, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Girmay Medhin, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Berhanu Erko, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test relative to microscopy for the diagnosis of falciparum and vivax malaria in Ethiopia. Methods: 668 febrile patients visiting two health centers in Wondo Genet, southern Ethiopia, involved in this study in 2008. Giemsa-stained thin and thick blood smears were prepared and microscopically examined under a 100× oil immersion microscope objective for Plasmodium species identification and determination of parasitaemia, respectively. CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test and Paracheck Pf® test were performed as per the manufacturers' instruction. Findings: The diagnostic validity of CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum were very good with sensitivity of 99.4%, specificity of 98%, positive predictive value of 94.4% and negative predictive value of 99.8%. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the test for the diagnosis of P. vivax were 99.4%, 98.2%, 94.5% and 99.8%, respectively. The diagnostic performance of CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test is comparable to that of Paracheck Pf® test for the diagnosis of P. falciparum (sensitivity 99.4%, specificity 98.2%). Conclusion: Although CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test and Paracheck Pf® test have comparable diagnostic performance for the diagnosis of P. falciparum, CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test has the added advantage of diagnosing P. vivax. Hence, it is preferable to use CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test for the diagnosis of malaria in areas where microscopy is not accessible and where malaria due to P. falciparum and P. vivax are co-endemic as in Ethiopia. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	CareStart™ Malaria RDT; Diagnosis; Ethiopia; Malaria; Plasmodium species	disease treatment; malaria; medicine; microscopy; sensitivity analysis; adolescent; adult; aged; article; blood smear; child; controlled study; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test; diagnostic value; Ethiopia; female; human; infant; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; malaria; malaria falciparum; male; parasite identification; Plasmodium vivax malaria; sensitivity and specificity; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Child; Child, Preschool; Ethiopia; Female; Humans; Infant; Malaria, Falciparum; Malaria, Vivax; Male; Middle Aged; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax; Predictive Value of Tests; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Sensitivity and Specificity; Young Adult; Africa; East Africa; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa; Wondo Genet; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-74149084703	Laboratory and field evaluation of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) and Chinaberry (Melia azedarach L.) oils as repellents against Phlebotomus orientalis and P. bergeroti (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Ethiopia	Kebede Y., Gebre-Michael T., Balkew M.	2010	Acta Tropica	113	2	10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.10.009	Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia; Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Kebede, Y., Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia; Gebre-Michael, T., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Balkew, M., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	The study evaluated the efficacy of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) and Chinaberry (Melia azedarach L.) seed oils as repellents against laboratory and field populations of some sandflies in Ethiopia. In the laboratory, concentrations of 2% and 5% neem oil in coconut oil tested against Phlebotomus orientalis (vector of visceral leishmaniasis) provided 96.28% (95% CI = 95.60-96.97) protection up to a mean time of 7 h and 20 min and 98.26% (95% CI = 93.46-104. 07) protection up to 9 h, respectively. Similarly, M. azedarach oil at 2% concentration produced 95.13% (95% CI = 90.74-99.52) protection for the same duration (7 h and 20 min), while the 5% oil gave 96.20 (95% CI = 86.98-105.41) protection for 8 h and 20 min against the same species with no significant difference in percentage protection between the two oils at 2% and 5% concentrations. In the field tests with only neem oil (A. indica) against field populations of P. orientalis and P. bergeroti, similar high level of repellencies were recorded with about the same duration of protection. Application of both neem and Chinaberry oils can be safe and low-cost means of personal protection against sandfly bites in endemic areas of Ethiopia, if the community is advised and encouraged to grow the plants abundantly. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Azadirachta indica; Chinaberry; Leishmaniasis; Melia azedarach; Neem; Phlebotomus bergeroti; Phlebotomus orientalis; Plant repellents	coconut oil; insect repellent; vegetable oil; concentration (composition); deciduous tree; fly; laboratory method; leishmaniasis; neem; repellent; article; Azadirachta indica; controlled study; Ethiopia; laboratory test; Melia azedarach; nonhuman; parasite vector; Phlebotomus; Phlebotomus bergeroti; protection; Psychodidae; visceral leishmaniasis; Animals; Azadirachta; Ethiopia; Female; Glycerides; Humans; Insect Bites and Stings; Insect Repellents; Insect Vectors; Leishmaniasis, Visceral; Male; Melia azedarach; Phlebotomus; Plant Oils; Terpenes; Ethiopia; Azadirachta indica; Diptera; Melia azedarach; Phlebotominae; Phlebotomus bergeroti; Phlebotomus orientalis; Psychodidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77649182400	Evaluation of the performance of CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo rapid diagnostic test for the diagnosis of malaria in Jimma, southwestern Ethiopia	Mekonnen Z., Ali S., Belay G., Suleman S., Chatterjee S.	2010	Acta Tropica	113	3	10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.12.001	School of Medical Lab. Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Pathology Lab, Campus Drie Eiken S3.53, Faculty of Medicine, Antwerp University, Universiteitsplein-1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium	Mekonnen, Z., School of Medical Lab. Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Ali, S., School of Medical Lab. Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Belay, G., School of Medical Lab. Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Suleman, S., School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Chatterjee, S., Pathology Lab, Campus Drie Eiken S3.53, Faculty of Medicine, Antwerp University, Universiteitsplein-1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium	Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test relative to microscopy, for the diagnosis of falciparum and vivax malaria in Ethiopia. Methods: Two hundred and forty febrile patients visiting the Serbo health center in Jimma zone, southwestern Ethiopia, were involved in this study in 2008. Giemsa-stained thin and thick blood smears were prepared and microscopically examined under a 100× oil immersion microscope objective for Plasmodium species identification and determination of parasitemia respectively. CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test was performed as per the manufacturers' instruction. Findings: The validity of CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test for the diagnosis of Plasmodium was very good with a sensitivity of 95.8%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100% and negative predictive value of 96%. The test performed equally well for the identification of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax. The diagnostic performance of this CareStart™ test is comparable to light microscopy of thin and thick blood smears. Conclusion: Although CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test and blood microscopy have comparable diagnostic performance for Plasmodium detection, the CareStart™ test has the added advantage of being simple to interpret, cost-efficient, and hence it is preferable to use this rapid diagnostic test for malaria diagnosis in areas where microscopy is not accessible and during times of malaria epidemics that are observed approximately every 4-5 years in Ethiopia. © 2009 Elsevier B.V.	CareStart™ Malaria RDT; Ethiopia; Malaria; Plasmodium	oil; blood; detection method; epidemic; epidemiology; infectious disease; malaria; microscopy; performance assessment; adolescent; adult; article; blood smear; child; controlled study; diagnostic test; Ethiopia; female; fever; human; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; malaria; malaria falciparum; malaria vivax; male; microscopy; parasitemia; performance measurement system; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax; prediction; preschool child; school child; sensitivity and specificity; sex difference; species identification; staining; symptomatology; validity; Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Blood; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Ethiopia; Female; Humans; Infant; Malaria, Falciparum; Malaria, Vivax; Male; Microscopy; Middle Aged; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax; Predictive Value of Tests; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Sensitivity and Specificity; Young Adult; Ethiopia; Jimma; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955274098	Evaluation of flavonoids from Dorstenia barteri for their antimycobacterial, antigonorrheal and anti-reverse transcriptase activities	Kuete V., Ngameni B., Mbaveng A.T., Ngadjui B., Meyer J.J.M., Lall N.	2010	Acta Tropica	116	1	10.1016/j.actatropica.2010.06.005	Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon; Department of Pharmacy and Traditional Pharmacopoeia, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 8664, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Kuete, V., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon, Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Ngameni, B., Department of Pharmacy and Traditional Pharmacopoeia, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 8664, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Mbaveng, A.T., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Ngadjui, B., Department of Pharmacy and Traditional Pharmacopoeia, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 8664, Yaoundé, Cameroon, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Meyer, J.J.M., Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Lall, N., Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimycobacterial, antigonorrheal and reverse transcriptase activities of five flavonoids: isobachalcone (IBC); kanzanol C (KAN); 4-hydroxylonchocarpin (4-LCP); stipulin (SPL) and amentoflavone (AMF) from Dortenia barteri, together with the crude extract from this plant. The Agar disc diffusion, broth microdilution, microplate alamar blue assay (MABA), radiometric respiratory technique using BACTEC 460 system and the reverse transcriptase (RT) assay were used for the investigations. The results of the antimycobacterial assay showed that the crude extract and compounds were able to prevent the growth of Mycobacteria with MIC<10μg/ml being recorded with IBC on M. tuberculosis. Results of the killing rate experiment revealed that total inhibition effect on M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain was noted with IBC and SPL at day 9 when tested at 4× MIC. The results of the antigonorrheal assay indicated that MIC values below 10μg/ml were also recorded with IBC on all the tested N. gonorrhoeae strains, meanwhile good activities (MIC<10μg/ml) were also noted with the extract, KAN, 4-LCP and SPL on some of these strains. The anti-reverse transcriptase activities of extract and compounds also demonstrated that all samples were able to inhibit at various extents the reverse transcriptase activity, with IBC and 4-LCP showing the best effects. The overall results of this work provided evidence that the crude extract as well as some flavonoids from D. barteri could be potential sources of new antimicrobial drug against tuberculosis (TB), gonorrhea and probably the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.	Anti-reverse transcriptase; Antigonorrheal; Antimycobacterial; Dortenia barteri; Flavonoids	4 hydroxylonchocarpin; amentoflavone; Dorstenia barteri extract; flavonoid; isobachalcone; kanzanol C; plant extract; RNA directed DNA polymerase; stipulin; unclassified drug; bacterium; metabolite; pathogen; plant; tuberculosis; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; antibacterial activity; article; bacterial growth; bactericidal activity; broth dilution; controlled study; disk diffusion; Dorstenia barteri; drug structure; enzyme activity; enzyme assay; enzyme inhibition; gonorrhea; growth inhibition; Human immunodeficiency virus; minimum inhibitory concentration; Moraceae; Mycobacterium; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; nonhuman; radiometry; tuberculosis; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Analysis of Variance; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Flavonoids; Gonorrhea; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Moraceae; Mycobacterium smegmatis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Oxazines; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Tuberculosis; Xanthenes; Corynebacterineae; Dorstenia barteri; Mycobacterium tuberculosis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956480039	Effects of Ethidium® (homidium bromide) on female reproductive performance of laboratory-reared tsetse flies, Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood (Diptera: Glossinidae)	Kibugu J.K., Muchiri M.W., Ngae G.N., Mumba A.M., Kiragu J.M.	2010	Acta Tropica	116	2	10.1016/j.actatropica.2010.07.007	Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Trypanosomiasis Research Centre (KARI-TRC), P.O. Box 362, Kikuyu, Kenya; Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Muguga South, P.O. Box 30148, Nairobi, Kenya	Kibugu, J.K., Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Trypanosomiasis Research Centre (KARI-TRC), P.O. Box 362, Kikuyu, Kenya; Muchiri, M.W., Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Trypanosomiasis Research Centre (KARI-TRC), P.O. Box 362, Kikuyu, Kenya; Ngae, G.N., Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Muguga South, P.O. Box 30148, Nairobi, Kenya; Mumba, A.M., Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Trypanosomiasis Research Centre (KARI-TRC), P.O. Box 362, Kikuyu, Kenya; Kiragu, J.M., Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Trypanosomiasis Research Centre (KARI-TRC), P.O. Box 362, Kikuyu, Kenya	Ethidium® (homidium bromide) is a trypanocide likely to be encountered as a violative residue in blood collected from abattoirs for feeding laboratory tsetse flies. We investigated its effect on female reproduction of Glossina morsitans morsitans. One-milligram homidium per kilogram body weight was intra-muscularly administered to four steers and blood aseptically collected from them between 15 and 30min post-treatment, analysed for homidium levels and processed for tsetse feeding. Two hundred teneral female flies were fed on homidium-treated diet while a control group of similar number was given untreated diet and the reproductive performance of the two groups statistically compared. Ethidium®, at 266.15ng homidium/ml blood diet, halved A-class portion of F1-pupae, highly reduced decline of F1-progeny quality associated with aging parents, but had no significant effect on the pupae viability, fecundity and abortion rate of the flies. We therefore concluded that Ethidium® has beneficial effect on laboratory tsetse attributable to clearance of unfavourable microbes mediated by the drug, and could be used as a tsetse diet additive. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.	Female reproduction; Glossina morsitans morsitans; Homidium	ethidium; ethidium bromide; antitrypanosomal agent; ethidium; bromide; diet; fecundity; protozoan; reproductive behavior; tsetse fly; article; bullock; controlled study; feeding; female; fertility; Glossina morsitans; male; nonhuman; paedogenesis; progeny; pupa (life cycle stage); animal; blood; cattle; comparative study; drug effect; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; growth, development and aging; physiology; reproduction; statistical model; tsetse fly; Diptera; Glossina (genus); Glossina morsitans morsitans; Glossinidae; Animals; Cattle; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Ethidium; Female; Linear Models; Reproduction; Trypanocidal Agents; Tsetse Flies	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857117291	Urine heme dipsticks are useful in monitoring the impact of Praziquantel treatment on Schistosoma haematobium in sentinel communities of Delta State, Nigeria	Emukah E., Gutman J., Eguagie J., Miri E.S., Yinkore P., Okocha N., Jibunor V., Nebe O., Nwoye A.I., Richards F.O.	2012	Acta Tropica	122	1	10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.01.002	The Carter Center, Plot R/60 GRA, Off High Court Road, Box 4034, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Emory University and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta at Egleston, 2015 Uppergate Dr., Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; The Carter Center, 1 Jeka Kadima Street,	Emukah, E., The Carter Center, Plot R/60 GRA, Off High Court Road, Box 4034, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Gutman, J., Emory University and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta at Egleston, 2015 Uppergate Dr., Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Eguagie, J., The Carter Center, 1 Jeka Kadima Street, Box 7772, Jos, Nigeria; Miri, E.S., The Carter Center, 1 Jeka Kadima Street, Box 7772, Jos, Nigeria; Yinkore, P., Primary Health Care Development Agency, Ministry of Health, No. 1 Onyeka Close, Off Delta Broadcasting Service Road, Near LGSC, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria; Okocha, N., Primary Health Care Development Agency, Ministry of Health, No. 1 Onyeka Close, Off Delta Broadcasting Service Road, Near LGSC, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria; Jibunor, V., Primary Health Care Development Agency, Ministry of Health, No. 1 Onyeka Close, Off Delta Broadcasting Service Road, Near LGSC, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria; Nebe, O., Federal Ministry of Health, Federal Secretariat Phase 3, Garki Abuja, Nigeria; Nwoye, A.I., Federal Ministry of Health, Federal Secretariat Phase 3, Garki Abuja, Nigeria; Richards, F.O., The Carter Center, One Copenhill Avenue NE, Atlanta, GA 30307-1406, United States	Nigeria is highly endemic for infection with Schistosoma haematobium, which most commonly manifests itself with blood in urine. To monitor the impact of annual mass drug administration (MDA) with Praziquantel for S. haematobium in Delta State, Nigeria, cross-sectional hematuria surveys of school children were conducted in 8 sentinel villages (SVs) at baseline (n= 240) and after two annual doses (n= 402). We assessed the comparability of three assessments of hematuria (child's reported history, nurse visual diagnosis (NVD) and dipstick) to determine the need for mass treatment. Dipstick was considered to be the gold standard. Prior to treatment, history and NVD each identified only the 3 most highly prevalent SVs, and overall this represented just 37.5% of the 8 SVs in need of treatment. Following treatment, after dipstick prevalence decreased by 88.5% (p< 0.001), and history and NVD identified only one of two villages still needing treatment. The study suggests that dipsticks should be the recommended method for launching and monitoring mass treatment for S. haematobium. © 2012.	Hematuria; Mass treatment; Monitoring; Nigeria; Praziquantel; Schistosomiasis	praziquantel; baseline survey; biomonitoring; child health; comparative study; disease prevalence; disease treatment; drug; endemic species; infectivity; schistosomiasis; village; adolescent; analytic method; article; child; community; cross-sectional study; drug monitoring; female; health survey; hematuria; human; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; preschool child; prevalence; schistosomiasis haematobia; school child; urine heme dipstick; Adolescent; Animals; Anthelmintics; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Cross-Sectional Studies; Drug Monitoring; Female; Heme; Humans; Male; Nigeria; Praziquantel; Prevalence; Schistosoma haematobium; Schistosomiasis haematobia; Schools; Urine; Delta; Nigeria; Schistosoma haematobium	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84885481358	The impact of single versus mixed Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni infections on morbidity profiles amongst school-children in Taveta, Kenya	Gouvras A.N., Kariuki C., Koukounari A., Norton A.J., Lange C.N., Ireri E., Fenwick A., Mkoji G.M., Webster J.P.	2013	Acta Tropica	128	2	10.1016/j.actatropica.2013.01.001	DIDE, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Invertebrates Zoology Section, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, DIDE, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; SCI, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenya Methodist University, Meru, Kenya; The Wellcome Trust, London, United Kingdom	Gouvras, A.N., DIDE, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Kariuki, C., Invertebrates Zoology Section, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya, Kenya Methodist University, Meru, Kenya; Koukounari, A., MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, DIDE, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Norton, A.J., DIDE, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom, The Wellcome Trust, London, United Kingdom; Lange, C.N., Invertebrates Zoology Section, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Ireri, E., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Fenwick, A., SCI, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Mkoji, G.M., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Webster, J.P., DIDE, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom, SCI, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom	Two schistosome species-. Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni-with two very different pathological profiles (urogenital versus intestinal), are responsible for the majority of human schistosomiasis infections across sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to determine whether coinfections have an impact on species-specific morbidity measures when compared to single species infections. Children from two neighbouring schools in Taveta, Kenya were grouped by infection status, i.e. uninfected, single species infections or coinfected. Clinical examination of the liver and spleen by palpation was performed and urinary albumin levels were recorded at baseline and at 12 months after praziquantel administration. Additional ultrasonographic profiles of the children's liver, spleen and bladder were incorporated at follow-up. It was found that S. haematobium-associated urogenital morbidity was lower in the coinfected group relative to single S. haematobium infections, even when infection intensities were taken into account. We also observed an association between S. haematobium infection and liver (intestinal-associated) morbidity regardless of coinfections. The findings reported here suggest that further research should be performed on the impact of S. haematobium infections on liver morbidity as well as to determine the impact of mixed schistosome species infections on human morbidity outcomes across different endemic settings. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Coinfections; Human morbidity; Kenya; Polyparasitism; Schistosoma haematobium; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis	albumin; praziquantel; child care; child health; disease; morbidity; pathology; adolescent; adult; article; bladder; child; clinical examination; controlled study; echography; elementary student; female; follow up; human; Kenya; liver; major clinical study; male; mixed infection; morbidity; palpation; preschool child; Schistosoma hematobium; Schistosoma mansoni; schistosomiasis haematobia; schistosomiasis mansoni; school child; spleen; urinalysis; urogenital tract infection; Kenya; Schistosoma; Schistosoma haematobium; Schistosoma mansoni; Coinfections; Human morbidity; Kenya; Polyparasitism; Schistosoma haematobium; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis; Adolescent; Albumins; Animals; Anthelmintics; Child; Child, Preschool; Coinfection; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Kenya; Liver; Male; Praziquantel; Schistosoma haematobium; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis haematobia; Schistosomiasis mansoni; Spleen; Urinary Bladder; Urine; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899834640	Evaluation of circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) urine-cassette assay as a survey tool for Schistosoma mansoni in different transmission settings within Bugiri District, Uganda	Adriko M., Standley C.J., Tinkitina B., Tukahebwa E.M., Fenwick A., Fleming F.M., Sousa-Figueiredo J.C., Stothard J.R., Kabatereine N.B.	2014	Acta Tropica	136	1	10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.04.001	Makerere University School of Public Health, P.O. Box 7026, Kampala, Uganda; Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 1661, Plot 15 Bombo Road, Kampala, Uganda; Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom; Parasitology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 6HT, United Kingdom	Adriko, M., Makerere University School of Public Health, P.O. Box 7026, Kampala, Uganda, Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 1661, Plot 15 Bombo Road, Kampala, Uganda; Standley, C.J., Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; Tinkitina, B., Makerere University School of Public Health, P.O. Box 7026, Kampala, Uganda, Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 1661, Plot 15 Bombo Road, Kampala, Uganda; Tukahebwa, E.M., Makerere University School of Public Health, P.O. Box 7026, Kampala, Uganda; Fenwick, A., Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom; Fleming, F.M., Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom; Sousa-Figueiredo, J.C., Parasitology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 6HT, United Kingdom; Stothard, J.R., Parasitology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom; Kabatereine, N.B., Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 1661, Plot 15 Bombo Road, Kampala, Uganda, Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom	Diagnosis of schistosomiasis at the point-of-care (POC) is a growing topic in neglected tropical disease research. There is a need for diagnostic tests which are affordable, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, rapid, equipment-free and delivered to those who need it, and POC is an important tool for disease mapping and guiding mass deworming. The aim of present study was to evaluate the relative diagnostic performance of two urine-circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) cassette assays, one commercially available and the other in experimental production, against results obtained using the standard Kato-Katz faecal smear method (six thick smears from three consecutive days), as a 'gold-standard', for Schistosoma mansoni infection in different transmission settings in Uganda. Our study was conducted among 500 school children randomly selected across 5 schools within Bugiri district, adjacent to Lake Victoria in Uganda. Considering results from the 469 pupils who provided three stool samples for the six Kato-Katz smears, 293 (76%) children had no infection, 109 (23%) were in the light intensity category, while 42 (9%) and 25 (5%) were in the moderate and heavy intensity categories respectively. Following performance analysis of CCA tests in terms of sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values, overall performance of the commercially available CCA test was more informative than single Kato-Katz faecal smear microscopy, the current operational field standard for disease mapping. The current CCA assay is therefore a satisfactory method for surveillance of S. mansoni in an area where disease endemicity is declining due to control interventions. With the recent resolution on schistosomiasis elimination by the 65th World Health Assembly, the urine POC CCA test is an attractive tool to augment and perhaps replace the Kato-Katz sampling within ongoing control programmes. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Circulating cathodic antigen (CCA); Diagnostic methods; Intestinal schistosomiasis; Point-of-care diagnosis (POC); Rapid diagnostic test (RDT); Schistosoma mansoni; Uganda	praziquantel; CCA protein, Schistosoma mansoni; glycoprotein; helminth protein; parasite antigen; antigen; bioassay; disease; disease control; mapping; schistosomiasis; testing method; adolescent; article; bioassay; child; circulating cathodic antigen cassette assay; controlled study; diagnostic test accuracy study; disease control; disease transmission; feces analysis; female; gold standard; human; intermethod comparison; Kato Katz fecal smear method; laboratory diagnosis; major clinical study; male; point of care testing; predictive value; prevalence; quality control; randomized controlled trial; Schistosoma mansoni; schistosomiasis mansoni; sensitivity and specificity; Uganda; urinalysis; animal; epidemiology; isolation and purification; schistosomiasis mansoni; urine; Uganda; Adolescent; Animals; Antigens, Helminth; Child; Female; Glycoproteins; Helminth Proteins; Humans; Male; Predictive Value of Tests; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis mansoni; Sensitivity and Specificity; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899795687	Evaluation of the mosquitocidal effect of Birbira (Mellitia ferruginea) seed extract against Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae) from Ethiopia	Andemo A., Yewhalaw D., Alemayehu B., Ambelu A.	2014	Acta Tropica	136	1	10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.04.016	Bench Maji Zonal Health Department, Federal Ministry of Health, Bench Maji Zone, Ethiopia; Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Bench Maji Zonal Health Department, Federal Ministry of Health, Bench Maji Zone, Ethiopia; Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia	Andemo, A., Bench Maji Zonal Health Department, Federal Ministry of Health, Bench Maji Zone, Ethiopia; Yewhalaw, D., Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Alemayehu, B., Bench Maji Zonal Health Department, Federal Ministry of Health, Bench Maji Zone, Ethiopia; Ambelu, A., Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia	Mosquito control using insecticides has been the most successful intervention known to reduce malaria prevalence and/or incidence. However, over time success has been hampered due to the development of resistance by mosquitoes against chemical insecticides recommended for public health use. Development of effective botanical mosquitocidal compounds however can be potential alternatives tool in malaria vector control. Thus, the present study aimed at investigating the mosquitocidal effect of "Birbira" (Mellitia ferruginea) seed extract against the primary malaria vector, Anopheles arabiensis from Ethiopia. The mosquitocidal activity of M. ferruginea was assessed following WHO susceptibility test procedure. Methanol extract of M. ferruginea seeds was evaluated against third &amp; fourth instar larvae, pupae and, non-blood fed 3-5 days old laboratory strains and field populations of A. arabiensis under laboratory condition. Mortality was then recorded after 24h exposure. The seed extract of M. ferruginea showed high mosquitocidal activity against larvae, pupae and adult stages of both the laboratory strain and field population of A. arabiensis. The LC50 values for larvae and pupae population from a laboratory strains was, respectively, 14.7 and 41.33mg/L. While the LC50 values for the larvae and a pupa of the field population were, respectively, 30.88 and 74.54mg/L. In addition, the LC99 and LD99 values were also identified. The findings of this study indicated that, the extract could be applied on mosquito breeding sites. The plant extract could be also used for indoor residual sprays after conducting the persistency test. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Bioassay; Botanicals; Ethiopia; Malaria; Mosquito; Vector control	insecticide; Mellitia ferruginea extract; plant extract; unclassified drug; insecticide; plant extract; bioassay; disease control; disease vector; efficiency measurement; insecticide; malaria; mosquito; pesticide resistance; Anopheles arabiensis; article; berry; botany; controlled study; Ethiopia; evaluation research; IC 50; insecticidal activity; larval stage; malaria; Mellitia ferruginea; mortality; nonhuman; parasite vector; plant seed; pupa (life cycle stage); toxicity testing; animal; Anopheles; chemistry; drug effects; Fabaceae; Ethiopia; Animals; Anopheles; Fabaceae; Insecticides; Plant Extracts; Seeds	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938299459	DDT and pyrethroid resistance status and laboratory evaluation of bio-efficacy of long lasting insecticide treated nets against Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex decens in Ghana	Kudom A.A., Mensah B.A., Froeschl G., Rinder H., Boakye D.	2015	Acta Tropica	150	None	10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.07.009	Center for International Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Germany; Department of Entomology and Wildlife, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana; Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Oberschleissheim, Germany; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana	Kudom, A.A., Center for International Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Germany, Department of Entomology and Wildlife, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana; Mensah, B.A., Department of Entomology and Wildlife, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana; Froeschl, G., Center for International Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Germany; Rinder, H., Center for International Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Germany, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Oberschleissheim, Germany; Boakye, D., Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana	Nuisance from Culex mosquitoes in Ghana has a serious negative impact on the standard of living in many urban communities. In addition, a perceived lack of efficacy of long lasting insecticide treated nets (LLINs) against nuisance mosquitoes contributes to their discontinued use. This again compromises malaria control, even if Anopheles species themselves would still be susceptible to the insecticides used. Control strategies involve pyrethroid insecticides but information on Culex mosquito susceptibility to these insecticides is limited. A nationwide survey was conducted to address this problem. In adults, susceptibility to permethrin, deltamethrin and DDT as well as enzyme activity and kdr mutation were determined. Cone and tunnel bioassay were also carried out to determine the efficacy of LLINs against the mosquitoes. Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex decens were identified in the study area. Higher deltamethrin and DDT resistance and relatively low permethrin resistance were observed in both species. High enzyme activities and kdr mutations were observed in C. quinquefasciatus but not in C. decens. However, reduced efficacy of LLINs was observed in both mosquito species. This adds up to the evidence of the spread of pyrethroid resistance in mosquitoes and its negative impact on control strategies. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Culex; Kdr mutation; Malaria; Pyrethroid; Resistance; Urban	chlorphenotane; cytochrome P450; deltamethrin; esterase; genomic DNA; glutathione transferase; insecticide; permethrin; pyrethroid; unspecific monooxygenase; bioassay; DDT; disease control; disease spread; enzyme activity; malaria; mosquito; pyrethroid; Anopheles gambiae; Article; bioassay; controlled study; Culex; Culex decens; Culex quinquefasciatus; enzyme activity; gene; gene mutation; Ghana; kdr gene; laboratory test; malaria control; nonhuman; polymerase chain reaction; urban population; Ghana; Culex decens; Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949647742	Reduction of Used Memory Ensemble Kalman Filtering (RumEnKF): A data assimilation scheme for memory intensive, high performance computing	Hut R., Amisigo B.A., Steele-Dunne S., van de Giesen N.	2015	Advances in Water Resources	86	None	10.1016/j.advwatres.2015.09.007	Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Resources Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Water Research Institute, Accra, Ghana	Hut, R., Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Resources Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands; Amisigo, B.A., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Water Research Institute, Accra, Ghana; Steele-Dunne, S., Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Resources Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands; van de Giesen, N., Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Resources Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands	Reduction of Used Memory Ensemble Kalman Filtering (RumEnKF) is introduced as a variant on the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF). RumEnKF differs from EnKF in that it does not store the entire ensemble, but rather only saves the first two moments of the ensemble distribution. In this way, the number of ensemble members that can be calculated is less dependent on available memory, and mainly on available computing power (CPU). RumEnKF is developed to make optimal use of current generation super computer architecture, where the number of available floating point operations (flops) increases more rapidly than the available memory and where inter-node communication can quickly become a bottleneck. RumEnKF reduces the used memory compared to the EnKF when the number of ensemble members is greater than half the number of state variables. In this paper, three simple models are used (auto-regressive, low dimensional Lorenz and high dimensional Lorenz) to show that RumEnKF performs similarly to the EnKF. Furthermore, it is also shown that increasing the ensemble size has a similar impact on the estimation error from the three algorithms. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.	Data assimilation; Ensemble Kalman Filter; Global models; Large memory problems	Digital arithmetic; Kalman filters; Data assimilation; Ensemble Kalman Filter; Ensemble Kalman filtering; Floating point operations; Global models; High performance computing; Inter-node communication; Memory problems; Computer architecture; algorithm; data assimilation; Kalman filter; numerical model	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855863624	Evaluation of aeolian emissions from gold mine tailings on the Witwatersrand	Ojelede M.E., Annegarn H.J., Kneen M.A.	2012	Aeolian Research	3	4	10.1016/j.aeolia.2011.03.010	Dept. of Geography Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Dept. of Geosciences, University of Texas, Dallas, United States	Ojelede, M.E., Dept. of Geography Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Annegarn, H.J., Dept. of Geography Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Kneen, M.A., Dept. of Geography Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa, Dept. of Geosciences, University of Texas, Dallas, United States	The Witwatersrand is known for the high frequency of aeolian dust storm episodes arising from gold mine tailings storage facilities (TSFs). Source and ambient atmosphere are poorly characterized from the point of view of particle size distribution and human health risk assessment. For years, routine monitoring was limited to sampling of dust fallout ≥30μm. Sampling and analyses of source and receptor material was conducted. Thirty-two bulk soils were collected from TSF along the east-west mining corridor, and size distribution analysis was performed in the range 0.05-900μm using a Malvern® MS-14 Particle Size Analyser. Ambient aerosols in the range 0.25-32μm were monitored at two separate locations using a Grimm® aerosol monitor, in the vicinity of three large currently active and a dormant TSF. Statistical analyses indicate that TSFs are rich in fine erodible materials, particularly active TSFs. Concentration of ≤PM5 and ≤PM10 components in source material was: recent slimes (14-24vol.%; 22-38vol.%), older slimes (6-17vol.%; 11-26vol.%) and sand (1-8vol.%; 2-12vol.%). Concentrations of airborne aerosols were below the South African Department of Environmental Affairs 24-h limit value of 120μgm -3. With wind speeds exceeding 7ms -1, ambient concentration reached 2160μgm -3. This maximum is several times higher than the limit value. Erosion of tailings storage facilities is a strong driver influencing ambient particulate matter loading with adverse health implications for nearby residents. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	Aeolian dust; Dust storm; Mine tailings; Mining; Tailings storage facilities; Witwatersrand	aerosol; concentration (composition); dust storm; emission; eolian deposit; eolian process; gold mine; mining; particle size; size distribution; tailings; South Africa; Witwatersrand	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84894052408	Prediction based channel allocation performance for cognitive radio	Barnes S.D., Maharaj B.T.	2014	AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications	68	4	10.1016/j.aeue.2013.09.009	Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Barnes, S.D., Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Maharaj, B.T., Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	The interdependency, in a cognitive radio (CR) network, of spectrum sensing, occupancy modelling, channel switching and secondary user (SU) performance, is investigated. Achievable SU data throughput and primary user (PU) disruption rate have been examined for both theoretical test data as well as data obtained from real-world spectrum measurements done in Pretoria, South Africa. A channel switching simulator was developed to investigate SU performance, where a hidden Markov model (HMM) was employed to model and predict PU behaviour, from which proactive channel allocations could be made. Results show that CR performance may be improved if PU behaviour is accurately modelled, since accurate prediction allows the SU to make proactive channel switching decisions. It is further shown that a trade-off may exist between achievable SU throughput and average PU disruption rate. When using the prediction model, significant performance improvements, particularly under heavy traffic density conditions, of up to double the SU throughput and half the PU disruption rate were observed. Results obtained from a measurement campaign were comparable with those obtained from theoretical occupancy data, with an average similarity score of 95% for prediction accuracy, 90% for SU throughput and 70% for PU disruption rate. © 2013 Elsevier GmbH.	Channel switching; Cognitive radio; Occupancy modelling; Secondary user performance; Spectrum measurements	None	National Research Foundation
WoS	WOS:000304090900002	The Jamaican Historical Experience of the Impact of Educational Interventions on Sickle Cell Disease Child Mortality	Amendah, Djesika,Atrash, Hani K.,Grosse, Scott D.,Odame, Isaac,Piel, Frederic B.,Williams, Thomas N.	2012	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE	42	6	10.1016/j.amepre.2012.03.005	Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), University College London, University of London, University of Oxford, University of Toronto, African Populat & Hlth Res Ctr, CDC, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, INDEPTH Network Demog Surveillance Sites, KEMRI Ctr Geog Med Res Coast	"Odame, Isaac: Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust","Odame, Isaac: Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids)","Odame, Isaac: University College London","Odame, Isaac: University of London","Odame, Isaac: University of Toronto","Piel, Frederic B.: University of Oxford",	None	,COHORT,LESSONS,SURVIVAL	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904743148	Carpolobia lutea roots restore sexual arousal and performance in paroxetine-induced sexually impaired male rats	Yakubu M.T., Jimoh R.O.	2014	Revista Internacional de Andrologia	12	3	10.1016/j.androl.2014.02.002	Phytomedicine, Toxicology and Reproductive Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Yakubu, M.T., Phytomedicine, Toxicology and Reproductive Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Jimoh, R.O., Phytomedicine, Toxicology and Reproductive Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Objective: This study aimed at investigating the aphrodisiac effects of aqueous extract of Carpolobia lutea root at the doses of 47, 94 and 141. mg/kg body weight in paroxetine-induced sexual dysfunction in male rats. Materials and methods: Thirty sexually active male rats (148.20. ±. 3.22. g) were assigned into six groups (A-F) of five animals each. Rats in group A received 0.5. ml of distilled water once daily for 7 days while those in groups B, C, D, E and F which were induced with sexual dysfunction (oral administration of 10. mg/kg of paroxetine suspension, once daily for 21 days) received 0.5. ml corresponding to 7.14. mg/kg body weight of PowmaxM, 47, 94 and 141. mg/kg body weight of the extract and distilled water, respectively. Sexual behaviour parameters (frequencies of mount (ML), intromission (IF), ejaculation (EL), latencies of mount (ML), intromission (IL), ejaculation (EL) and post ejaculation interval (PEI)) were monitored 30. min post administration by pairing (1:1) with receptive female rats (114.01. ±. 2.64. g) on days 1, 4 and 7. The concentrations of serum testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were determined after 7 days of administration using standard methods. Results: The study revealed that the extract contained saponins (21.02. mg/L), anthraquinones (5.11. mg/L), alkaloids (2.93. mg/L), flavonoids (1.82. mg/L), tannins (0.91. mg/L) and cardiac glycosides (0.09. mg/L) whereas terpenes, phlobatannins and steroids were not detected. Paroxetine significantly (p<. 0.05) decreased mount frequency, intromission frequency, ejaculation frequency and ejaculation latency whereas it increased mount latency, intromission latency and post-ejaculatory interval for more than the baseline of 25% in each case. In contrast, all the doses of the extract significantly (p<. 0.05) attenuated the parameters of sexual behaviour displayed by the sexual dysfunction animals, with the 141. mg/kg body weight comparing favourably (p>. 0.05) with the sexual dysfunction animals treated with Powmax. In addition, the extract significantly (p<. 0.05) elevated the levels of serum luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and testosterone which were hitherto reduced by paroxetine. Conclusion: The study concludes that the aqueous extract of C. lutea root especially the doses of 94 and 141. mg/kg body weight restored various components of sexual arousal and performance as well as the reproductive hormones in the sexually sluggish male rats with the highest dose being the most effective. Present findings provide experimental evidence to support the folkloric claim of the plant in the management of sexual inadequacies in males. © 2014 Asociación Española de Andrología, Medicina Sexual y Reproductiva.	Aphrodisiac; Carpolobia lutea; Paroxetine; Polygalaceae; Sexual dysfunction; Sexual function	None	None
WoS	WOS:000277417200015	Development of a Language-Independent Functional Evaluation	Beier, Klaus P.,Boggess, Tony,Chan, Lilliene,Haig, Andrew J.,Jayarajan, Senthil,Juang, Derek,Kalpakjian, Claire,Loar, Jesse,Maslowski, Eric,Owusu-Ansah, Bertha,Tinney, Melissa,Yamakawa, Karen S.	2009	ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION	90	12	10.1016/j.apmr.2009.05.025	Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Temple University, University of Ghana, University of Michigan, University of Michigan System, Vet Hosp Huntington	"Beier, Klaus P.: University of Michigan","Beier, Klaus P.: University of Michigan System","Chan, Lilliene: University of Michigan","Chan, Lilliene: University of Michigan System","Haig, Andrew J.: University of Michigan","Haig, Andrew J.: University of Michigan System","Jayarajan, Senthil: Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)","Jayarajan, Senthil: Temple University","Juang, Derek: University of Michigan","Juang, Derek: University of Michigan System","Loar, Jesse: University of Michigan","Loar, Jesse: University of Michigan System","Maslowski, Eric: University of Michigan","Maslowski, Eric: University of Michigan System","Owusu-Ansah, Bertha: University of Ghana",	Haig AJ, Jayarajan S, Maslowski E, Yamakawa KS, Tinney M, Beier KP, Juang D, Chan L, Boggess T, Loar J, Owusu-Ansah B, Kalpakjian C. Development of a language-independent functional evaluation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2009;90:2074-80. Objective: To design, validate, and critique a tool for self-report of physical functioning that is independent of language and literacy. Design: Software design and 2 prospective trials followed by redesign. Setting: United States and African university hospitals. Participants: Outpatient and inpatient competent adults with diverse physical impairments. Interventions: (1) Software design process leading to a Preliminary Language-Independent Functional Evaluation (Pre-L.I.F.E.); (2) patient surveys using a printed Pre-L.I.F.E. and a computer-animated Pre-L.I.F.E. tested in random order, followed by a questionnaire version of the standard Barthel Index; and (3) software redesign based on objective and qualitative experiences with Pre-L.I.F.E. Main Outcome Measures: Validation of the general concept that written and spoken language can be eliminated in assessment of function. Development of a refined Language-Independent Functional Evaluation (LIFE.). Results: A viable Pre-L.I.F.E. software was built based on design parameters of the clinical team. Fifty Americans and 51 Africans demonstrated excellent (Cronbach alpha&gt;0.8 Americans) and good (alpha&gt;.425 Africans) reliability. In general, the relations between Pre-L.I.F.E. and Barthel scores were excellent in the United States (interclass correlation coefficient for stair climbing, .959) but somewhat less good in Africa, with elimination functions very poorly related. The computer-animated Pre-L.I.F.E. was faster and trended to be more reliable than the printed Pre-L.I.F.E. in both the United States and Africa. Redesign meetings corrected statistical and qualitative challenges, resulting in a new tool, the L.I.F.E. Conclusions: Literacy and language translation can be eliminated from some aspects of functional assessment. The new LIFE., based on solid empirical evidence and design principles, may be a practical solution to assessment of function in the global culture.	Africa,"DISABILITY EVALUATION","EDUCATIONAL STATUS",EPIDEMIOLOGY,LANGUAGE,"Outcome assessment (health care) Rehabilitation","STROKE REHABILITATION"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749380087	Foreign direct investment in Africa: Performance, challenges, and responsibilities	Dupasquier C., Osakwe P.N.	2006	Journal of Asian Economics	17	2	10.1016/j.asieco.2005.07.002	UN Economic Commission for Africa, P.O. Box 3005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Dupasquier, C., UN Economic Commission for Africa, P.O. Box 3005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Osakwe, P.N., UN Economic Commission for Africa, P.O. Box 3005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	This paper examines the performance, promotion, and prospects for foreign direct investment (FDI) in Africa. Factors such as political and macroeconomic instability, low growth, weak infrastructure, poor governance, inhospitable regulatory environments, and ill-conceived investment promotion strategies, are identified as responsible for the poor FDI record of the region. The paper stresses the need for more trade and investment relations between Africa and Asia. It also argues that countries in the region should pay more attention to the improvement of relations with existing investors and offer them incentives to assist in marketing domestic investment opportunities to potential foreign investors. Finally, the paper argues that the current wave of globalization sweeping through the world has intensified the competition for FDI among developing countries. Consequently, concerted efforts are needed at the national, regional, and international levels in order to attract significant investment flows to Africa and improve the prospects for sustained growth and development. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Africa; Foreign direct investment; Promotion; Responsibilities	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956341175	Evaluation of the STORM model storm-time corrections for middle latitude	Buresova D., McKinnell L.-A., Sindelarova T., De La Morena B.A.	2010	Advances in Space Research	46	8	10.1016/j.asr.2010.06.007	Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Bocni II 1401, 14131 Prague 4, Czech Republic; Hermanus Magnetic Observatory, P.O. Box 32, Hermanus 7200, South Africa; INTA-Atmospheric Sounding Station El Arenosillo, Mazagon, 21130 Huelva, Spain	Buresova, D., Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Bocni II 1401, 14131 Prague 4, Czech Republic; McKinnell, L.-A., Hermanus Magnetic Observatory, P.O. Box 32, Hermanus 7200, South Africa; Sindelarova, T., Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Bocni II 1401, 14131 Prague 4, Czech Republic; De La Morena, B.A., INTA-Atmospheric Sounding Station El Arenosillo, Mazagon, 21130 Huelva, Spain	This paper presents results from the Storm-Time Ionospheric Correction Model (STORM) validation for selected Northern and Southern Hemisphere middle latitude locations. The created database incorporated 65 strong-to-severe geomagnetic storms, which occurred within the period 1995-2007. This validation included data from some ionospheric stations (e.g., Pruhonice, El Arenosillo) that were not considered in the development or previous validations of the model. Hourly values of the F2 layer critical frequency, foF2, measured for 5-7 days during the main and recovery phases of each selected storm were compared with the predicted IRI 2007 foF2 with the STORM model option activated. To perform a detailed comparison between observed values, medians and predicted foF2 values the correlation coefficient, the root-mean-square error (RMSE), and the percentage improvement were calculated. Results of the comparative analysis show that the STORM model captures more effectively the negative phases of the summer ionospheric storms, while electron density enhancement during winter storms and the changeover of the different storm phases is reproduced with less accuracy. The STORM model corrections are less efficient for lower-middle latitudes and severe geomagnetic storms. © 2010 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Geomagnetic storms; International Reference Ionosphere (IRI); Ionosphere; STORM model	Comparative analysis; Correlation coefficient; Critical frequencies; Electron densities; F2 layer; Geomagnetic storm; International reference ionospheres; Ionospheric correction; Ionospheric stations; Ionospheric storm; Root-mean-square errors; Southern Hemisphere; Time correction; Winter storms; Atmospheric electricity; Geomagnetism; Ionosphere; Ionospheric measurement; Storms	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904044105	GPS derived TEC and foF2 variability at an equatorial station and the performance of IRI-model	Adebiyi S.J., Odeyemi O.O., Adimula I.A., Oladipo O.A., Ikubanni S.O., Adebesin B.O., Joshua B.W.	2014	Advances in Space Research	54	4	10.1016/j.asr.2014.03.026	Department of Industrial Physics, Landmark University, P.M.B. 1001, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria; Department of Physics, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria; Department of Physics, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria;	Adebiyi, S.J., Department of Industrial Physics, Landmark University, P.M.B. 1001, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria; Odeyemi, O.O., Department of Physics, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria; Adimula, I.A., Department of Physics, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Oladipo, O.A., Department of Physics, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Ikubanni, S.O., Department of Industrial Physics, Landmark University, P.M.B. 1001, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria; Adebesin, B.O., Department of Industrial Physics, Landmark University, P.M.B. 1001, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria; Joshua, B.W., Department of Physics, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, Kebbi State, Nigeria	The ionosphere induces a time delay in transionospheric radio signals such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) signal. The Total Electron Content (TEC) is a key parameter in the mitigation of ionospheric effects on transionospheric signals. The delay in GPS signal induced by the ionosphere is proportional to TEC along the path from the GPS satellite to a receiver. The diurnal monthly and seasonal variations of ionospheric electron content were studied during the year 2010, a year of extreme solar minimum (F10.7 = 81 solar flux unit), with data from the GPS receiver and the Digisonde Portable Sounder (DPS) collocated at Ilorin (Geog. Lat. 8.50°N, Long. 4.50°E, dip -7.9°). The diurnal monthly variation shows steady increases in TEC and F2-layer critical frequency (foF2) from pre-dawn minimum to afternoon maximum and then decreases after sunset. TEC show significant seasonal variation during the daytime between 0900 and 1900 UT (LT = UT + 1 h) with a maximum during the March equinox (about 35 TECU) and minimum during the June solstice (about 24 TECU). The GPS-TEC and foF2 values reveal a weak seasonal anomaly and equinoctial asymmetry during the daytime. The variations observed find their explanations in the amount of solar radiation and neutral gas composition. The measured TEC and foF2 values were compared with last two versions of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI-2007 and IRI-2012) model predictions using the NeQuick and CCIR (International Radio Consultative Committee) options respectively in the model. In general, the two models give foF2 close to the experimental values, whereas significant discrepancies are found in the predictions of TEC from the models especially during the daytime. The error in height dependent thickness parameter, daytime underestimation of equatorial drift and contributions of electrons from altitudes above 2000 km have been suggested as the possible causes. © 2014 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Equator; IRI-model; NmF2; Prediction; TEC	Forecasting; Ionosphere; Ionospheric measurement; Signal receivers; Sun; Equator; International reference ionospheres; IRI-model; NmF2; TEC; Thickness parameters; Total electron content; Transionospheric signals; Global positioning system	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928826910	Semi-analytic solutions for the triangular points of double white dwarfs in the ER3BP: Impact of the body's oblateness and the orbital eccentricity	Umar A., Singh J.	2015	Advances in Space Research	55	11	10.1016/j.asr.2015.01.042	Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria	Umar, A., Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria; Singh, J., Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria	Using an analytic/numerical approach, we investigate the effects of oblateness and eccentricity of the primaries on the triangular points of compact double degenerate white dwarf binaries. AM CVs stars in which stable mass transfer occur from a Roche-lobe filling white dwarf to its more massive white dwarf companion and detached double white dwarfs (DWDs) which are candidate progenitors of Type Ia supernovae will be models of this problem. They provide an excellent and powerful tool for probing the physics of white dwarfs. The oblateness of the main bodies and their eccentricity affect the positions of the triangular equilibrium points as is shown for ten DWDs. The triangular points are generally stable for 0 < μ < μ<inf>c</inf><inf>;</inf> where μ is the mass ratio (μ ≤ 1/2). The size of the region of stability increases with decrease in oblateness. Our study shows that due to the nature of the masses of these binaries, the mass ratio does not fall in the range of stability: as a result, they are unstable. © 2015 COSPAR.	Celestial mechanics; Double white dwarfs; ER3BP; Triangular points	Astrophysics; Mass transfer; Supernovae; Analytic solution; Celestial mechanics; Dwarf binaries; Equilibrium point; ER3BP; Orbital eccentricity; Region of stabilities; Triangular points; White dwarfs	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84960798554	Evaluation of cortisol concentrations in saliva as a measure of stress in patients having routine dental extractions	Umeanuka O.T., Saheeb B.D., Uguru C.C., Chukwuneke F.N.	2015	British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery	53	6	10.1016/j.bjoms.2015.03.011	Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, University of Nigeria, Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria; University of Benin, Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria	Umeanuka, O.T., Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, University of Nigeria, Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria; Saheeb, B.D., University of Benin, Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria; Uguru, C.C., Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, University of Nigeria, Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria; Chukwuneke, F.N., Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, University of Nigeria, Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria	We measured changes in the salivary concentrations of cortisol as an index of stress, and to find out if patients were stressed during routine intra-alveolar dental extractions. A total of 126 patients (63 experimental and 63 controls) matched for age and sex with a mean (SD) age of 26 (5) years (range 18-40) were recruited. Samples of saliva from patients whose glands had not been stimulated were collected twice from the study group (30 minutes before, and 10 minutes after, the procedure) and once from the control subjects. All samples were collected between 10.00 and 14.00 hours to standardise the method and control for the diurnal variation of cortisol. There was a slight but not significant increase in the mean salivary concentration of cortisol between the preoperative samples (mean (SD) 12.3 (1.5) ng/ml and the postoperative samples 12.8 (2.3) ng/ml in the study group) and the control 8.7 (1.0) ng/ml. However, there was no difference between the sexes. The study highlights a simple but effective way of evaluating stress in patients having intra-alveolar dental extraction, and emphasises the invaluable role of salivary cortisol in the evaluation of stress (particularly in our environment). © 2015 The British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.	Extraction; Salivary cortisol; Stress	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877583730	HIV-associated lipodystrophy in South Africa: The impact on the patient and the impact on the plastic surgeon	Zinn R.J., Serrurier C., Takuva S., Sanne I., Menezes C.N.	2013	Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery	66	6	10.1016/j.bjps.2013.02.032	Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Zinn, R.J., Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Serrurier, C., Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Takuva, S., Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Sanne, I., Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Menezes, C.N., Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	SummaryBackground With 67% of the world's human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected population existing in sub-Saharan Africa and recent access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the demand for plastic surgical intervention in addressing lipodystrophy has expanded dramatically. We assessed the rate of lipodystrophy in a random clinic cohort, the demand for surgical correction and risk of treatment non-compliance. Method Questionnaire and database cross-sectional review of 554 patients over a 3-month period at the Themba Lethu Clinic, Johannesburg, South Africa. Results A total of 479 patients completed the questionnaire, 83% were female. Nearly 90% of patients were on, or had been on, stavudine (d4T). The prevalence of lipodystrophy was 11.7%. Nearly 5.9% of patients had considered stopping treatment due to the development of lipodystrophy; 47% would consider surgery to correct unwanted physical changes. Male patients were satisfied by the changes they noted in their physical features following treatment (pre-treatment satisfaction 38% vs. post-treatment satisfaction of 94%). Female patients had 6.5 times more breast hypertrophy-related symptoms than in their pre-treatment state. Conclusion We identify a prevalence of 11.7% of patients with HIV-associated lipodystrophy, of whom 5.9% would consider non-compliance on the basis of this side effect alone. The demand for surgical correction is significant and needs to be addressed. © 2013 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Keywords Lipodystrophy Compliance Stigma Highly-active antiretroviral therapy Stavudine	stavudine; adult; article; breast hypertrophy; cross-sectional study; female; HIV associated lipodystrophy; human; major clinical study; male; patient compliance; patient satisfaction; plastic surgery; priority journal; sex difference; South Africa; surgery; Adult; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Health Services Needs and Demand; HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome; Humans; Male; Prevalence; Proportional Hazards Models; Questionnaires; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures; Risk Factors; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33748942478	Key performance indicators and assessment methods for infrastructure sustainability-a South African construction industry perspective	Ugwu O.O., Haupt T.C.	2007	Building and Environment	42	2	10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.10.018	Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Southern African Built Environment Research Center (SABERC), Faculty of Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) Bellville, South Africa	Ugwu, O.O., Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Haupt, T.C., Southern African Built Environment Research Center (SABERC), Faculty of Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) Bellville, South Africa	This paper identifies key performance indicators (KPI) for infrastructure delivery and maps computational methods required to achieve sustainability objectives in developing countries. It builds on previous research that developed taxonomy of infrastructure sustainability indicators and computational methods, to propose an analytical decision model and a structured methodology for sustainability appraisal in infrastructure projects in a developing country like South Africa. The paper uses the 'weighted sum model' technique in multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and the 'additive utility model' in analytical hierarchical process (AHP) for multi-criteria decision-making, to develop the model for computing the sustainability index-a crisp value for evaluating infrastructure design proposals. It discusses the development of the KPIs that are encapsulated within the analytical model. It concludes by discussing other potential applications of the proposed model and methodology for process automation as part of integrated sustainability appraisal in infrastructure design and construction in developing countries. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Design for sustainability; Developing countries; Key performance indicators (KPI); Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA); South africa; Susaip framework; Sustainability index; Sustainability science; Utility model	Computational methods; Construction industry; Developing countries; Mathematical models; Sustainable development; Infrastructure sustainability; Key performance indicators (KPI); Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA); Sustainability index; Sustainability science; Structural design; Computational methods; Construction industry; Developing countries; Mathematical models; Structural design; Sustainable development; architectural design; construction industry; decision analysis; developing world; infrastructure; infrastructure planning; modeling; performance assessment; sustainability; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84895778746	Evaluation of urban residential thermal comfort in relation to indoor and outdoor air temperatures in Ibadan, Nigeria	Adunola A.O.	2014	Building and Environment	75	None	10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.02.007	Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria	Adunola, A.O., Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria	A thermal comfort survey was conducted in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria. Ten percent (12) of the 119 neighbourhoods identified from the metropolitan map were selected by stratified random sampling comprising 2 low, 3 medium and 7 high residential densities. Systematic random sampling was used to select a total of 528 houses within these neighbourhoods for the survey. Indoor and outdoor measurements of air temperature and other relevant climatic elements were carried out in representative buildings within the neighbourhoods. For each selected building, an adult resident filled a questionnaire indicating the indoor thermal response at different periods of the day using the ASHRAE thermal comfort scale. Significant variations of air temperature and thermal response manifested across the residential densities and neighbourhoods. The air temperature variation across the neighbourhoods was found to be influenced by the different neighbourhood characteristics. Maximum values of measured outdoor and indoor temperatures ranged from 34.1°C to 36.9°C and from 32.5°C to 35°C respectively. The reduction in maximum temperatures from outdoor to indoor was in the range of 1.6-1.9°C. The variation of temperature across residential densities was found to affect indoor thermal comfort. It was inferred that the urban microclimate had impact on the indoor comfort of residents. Mean comfort vote was related to indoor and outdoor temperature by linear equations. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Air temperature; Thermal comfort; Tropical climate; Urban microclimate	Housing; Space heating; Surveys; Thermal comfort; Air temperature; Air temperature variations; Indoor and outdoor airs; Indoor thermal comfort; Outdoor measurements; Stratified random sampling; Tropical climates; Urban microclimate; Atmospheric temperature; air temperature; building; indoor air; neighborhood; tropical environment; urban climate; Ibadan; Nigeria; Oyo	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956492674	Biosorption of lead(II) onto pine cone powder: Studies on biosorption performance and process design to minimize biosorbent mass	Ofomaja A.E., Naidoo E.B.	2010	Carbohydrate Polymers	82	4	10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.05.024	Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, P. bag X021, Vanderbiljpark 1900, South Africa	Ofomaja, A.E., Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, P. bag X021, Vanderbiljpark 1900, South Africa; Naidoo, E.B., Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, P. bag X021, Vanderbiljpark 1900, South Africa	Biosorption kinetic modeling is frequently performed on both raw and modified biosorbents and changes in model parameters observed. Comparative studies on the relationship between best fitting model parameters and biosorption performance for raw and modified is scares in literature. In the present study, the effect of surface modification on the kinetic parameters of the best fitting kinetic model (pseudo-second order) for biosorption of lead(II) ions onto Raw and NaOH modified pine cone powder was examined and related with biosorption performance for each sample. Equilibrium biosorption studies performed showed that the Langmuir-1 isotherm gave a better fitting of the equilibrium data for all samples indicating that biosorption sites are homogenous regardless of surface modification. Based on the Langmuir-1 isotherm, a two-stage batch adsorber was designed to predict the minimum biosorbent amount to achieve a specified percentage lead(II) removal. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.	Biosorption performance; Kinetic parameters; Langmuir-1 model; NaOH modification; Optimization of biosorbent mass; Pseudo-second order model	Adsorbers; Biosorbents; Comparative studies; Equilibrium data; Fitting model; Kinetic modeling; Kinetic models; Langmuirs; Lead ions; Lead removal; Model parameters; NaOH modification; Pine cone; Pseudo second order; Pseudo-second order model; Surface modification; Two stage; Adsorption; Isotherms; Kinetic parameters; Optimization; Process engineering; Biosorption	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907190446	Impact of variety type and particle size distribution on starch enzymatic hydrolysis and functional properties of tef flours	Abebe W., Collar C., Ronda F.	2014	Carbohydrate Polymers	115	None	10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.08.080	College of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, University of Valladolid, Av. Madrid 57, Palencia, Spain; Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, P.O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Food Science Department, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Avenida Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, Paterna, Valencia, Spain	Abebe, W., College of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, University of Valladolid, Av. Madrid 57, Palencia, Spain, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, P.O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Collar, C., Food Science Department, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Avenida Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, Paterna, Valencia, Spain; Ronda, F., College of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, University of Valladolid, Av. Madrid 57, Palencia, Spain	Tef grain is becoming very attractive in the Western countries since it is a gluten-free grain with appreciated nutritional advantages. However there is little information of its functional properties and starch digestibility and how they are affected by variety type and particle size distribution. This work evaluates the effect of the grain variety and the mill used on tef flour physico-chemical and functional properties, mainly derived from starch behavior. In vitro starch digestibility of the flours by Englyst method was assessed. Two types of mills were used to obtain whole flours of different granulation. Rice and wheat flours were analyzed as references. Protein molecular weight distribution and flour structure by SEM were also analyzed to justify some of the differences found among the cereals studied. Tef cultivar and mill type exhibited important effect on granulation, bulking density and starch damage, affecting the processing performance of the flours and determining the hydration and pasting properties. The color was darker although one of the white varieties had a lightness near the reference flours. Different granulation of tef flour induced different in vitro starch digestibility. The disc attrition mill led to higher starch digestibility rate index and rapidly available glucose, probably as consequence of a higher damaged starch content. The results confirm the adequacy of tef flour as ingredient in the formulation of new cereal based foods and the importance of the variety and the mill on its functional properties. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Functional properties; In vitro starch digestibility; Milling; Tef	Functional properties; In-vitro; Tef; Variety types; Milling (machining); enzyme; starch; vegetable protein; cereal; chemistry; digestion; flour; food handling; hydrolysis; mechanics; metabolism; particle size; pigmentation; Cereals; Digestion; Enzymes; Flour; Food Handling; Hydrolysis; Mechanical Processes; Particle Size; Pigmentation; Plant Proteins; Starch	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-45649085381	Land-use impacts on surface runoff and soil detachment within agricultural sloping lands in Northern Vietnam	Podwojewski P., Orange D., Jouquet P., Valentin C., Nguyen V.T., Janeau J.L., Tran D.T.	2008	Catena	74	2	10.1016/j.catena.2008.03.013	IRD School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Rabie Saunders Building, Box X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa; IRD, IWMI, MSEC program Soils and Fertilizers Institute (SFI) Dong Ngac, Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Viet Nam; SFI (Soils and Fertilizers Institute, VAAS, MARD), Dong Ngac, Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Viet Nam; IRD, 32 Avenue H. Varagnat, 93143 Bondy Cedex, France	Podwojewski, P., IRD School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Rabie Saunders Building, Box X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa, IRD, 32 Avenue H. Varagnat, 93143 Bondy Cedex, France; Orange, D., IRD, IWMI, MSEC program Soils and Fertilizers Institute (SFI) Dong Ngac, Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Viet Nam, IRD, 32 Avenue H. Varagnat, 93143 Bondy Cedex, France; Jouquet, P., IRD, IWMI, MSEC program Soils and Fertilizers Institute (SFI) Dong Ngac, Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Viet Nam, IRD, 32 Avenue H. Varagnat, 93143 Bondy Cedex, France; Valentin, C., IRD, 32 Avenue H. Varagnat, 93143 Bondy Cedex, France; Nguyen, V.T., SFI (Soils and Fertilizers Institute, VAAS, MARD), Dong Ngac, Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Janeau, J.L., IRD School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Rabie Saunders Building, Box X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa; Tran, D.T., SFI (Soils and Fertilizers Institute, VAAS, MARD), Dong Ngac, Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Viet Nam	Two consecutive years of investigation on soil surface features, surface runoff and soil detachment within 1-m2 microplots on 40% slope highlighted the effects of land-use change, vegetation cover and biological activity on the water pathways in Northern Vietnam. Three replicate plots were set up on each of five land-uses: cassava (CAS), grass fodder of Bracharia ruziziensis (BRA), a 3-year old fallow (FAL), tree stands of Acacia mangium and Venicia montana (FOR), and a fallow with regrowth of Eucalyptus regularly cut (EUC). The second year, two of the microplots under FAL and EUC were treated with herbicide (FALh, EUCh), one of them was burnt (FALh+b, EUCh+b). The highest yearly surface runoff coefficient of 16%, and soil detachment rate of 700 g m- 2 yr- 1 in average with a maximum of 1305 g m- 2 yr- 1 have been recorded under CAS. On FALh and FALh+b, runoff ratios were 8.7 and 13.5%, respectively and detachment rates were 86 and 389 g m- 2. On FAL and BRA the yearly runoff ratio varied from 5.9 to 9.8% but the detachment rate was limited at 24 to 35 g m- 2. FOR and EUC annual runoff was ≤ 3.1% and annual soil detachment ≤ 71 g m- 2. These values were very low compared to the values reported on steep slopes in Laos within similar climate and vegetation cover. The runoff and detachment rates underlined the importance of rainfall intensities, soil physical properties, soil surface features, soil vegetation cover and biological activity. The annual surface runoff was highly correlated to the soil surface crusting. CAS and BRA plots were prone to crusting especially after weeding at the onset of the rainy season, when the soil surface was still uncovered. Soil bioturbation (earthworm casting activity) was the second factor that explains local variation of surface runoff and soil detachment. The continuous production of earthworms casts on soil surface, especially on FOR and EUC microplots, induced a marked surface roughness and reduced the surface runoff. The production of casts was very limited in FAL and completely absent in CAS microplots. So it is evident that our results confirm the deleterious effects of cassava on soil and water conservation. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Cassava; Earthworms; Land-use; Sloping lands; Soil detachment; Surface runoff; Vietnam	bioactivity; earthworm; land use change; precipitation intensity; regrowth; runoff; slope; soil erosion; tuber; vegetation cover; Asia; Eurasia; Southeast Asia; Viet Nam; Acacia; Acacia mangium; Animalia; Eucalyptus; Manihot esculenta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-49649113836	Soil landscapes, land cover change and erosion features of the Central Plateau region of Tigrai, Ethiopia: Photo-monitoring with an interval of 30 years	Munro R.N., Deckers J., Haile M., Grove A.T., Poesen J., Nyssen J.	2008	Catena	75	1	10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.009	Old Abbey Associates, Tarbet Court, Dirleton, East Lothian Scotland EH39 5DX, United Kingdom; Division Soil and Water Management, K.U.Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Land Resource Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Downing College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Physical and Regional Geography, K.U.Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Geography Department, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium	Munro, R.N., Old Abbey Associates, Tarbet Court, Dirleton, East Lothian Scotland EH39 5DX, United Kingdom; Deckers, J., Division Soil and Water Management, K.U.Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Haile, M., Department of Land Resource Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Grove, A.T., Downing College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Poesen, J., Physical and Regional Geography, K.U.Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Nyssen, J., Geography Department, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium	Human land use of the Tigray landscape (north Ethiopia) can be traced back for at least 3000 years and is recognizably very complex, but in the past half-century there have been multiple narratives on environmental change in the Northern Ethiopian Highlands in which statements such as "the forest and soil resources in Tigray are dwindling at unprecedented rates" are common. In an attempt to provide an objective assessment, we made a semi-quantitative analysis of observed changes in the environment of the central Tigray plateau, between 1975 and 2006, and its impact on soil erosion. The first part of this period saw strong degradation, caused by a combination of drought, impoverishment, poor land husbandry and war; but over the whole period intense rehabilitation activities have been high on the agenda. To study these changes, two sets of 51 landscape photographs have been used. The older photo-set was taken in 1975 by R.N. Munro during the Tigrai Rural Development Study; locations were revisited in 2006 by J. Nyssen and colleagues, when a new set of photographs was made at the same locations and with the same aspect. Based on longstanding experience in soil erosion and landscape analysis worldwide and in Ethiopia, the time-lapsed photographs were rated for visible erosion, land cover and protective measures. We present a quantitative evaluation of the change of soil loss by sheet and rill erosion, involving the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and particularly the changes in the C (cover) and the P (management) factors. This allowed assessing soil loss in 2006 as a percentage of the 1975 situation. Both the landscape and land unit analysis show that the situation for natural resources has improved (and locally strongly improved) since 1974. The rehabilitation is due both to improved vegetation cover and to physical conservation structures. The USLE application indicates that in terms of a whole landscape the current average soil loss would be at around 68% of its 1975 rate. Exceptionally, degradation is still ongoing around Desa'a forest and some other remnant forests, and conservation should be strongly implemented too in these forests. On average, gullies have expanded slightly since 1975, but these incisions appear to have originated in the drought years of the 1980s. This photo-monitoring analysis invalidates hypotheses on (a) irreversibility of land degradation in Tigray; and (b) futility of Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) programmes. The study demonstrates that (a) land management has become an inherent part of the farming system in Tigray, and (b) that the authorities and NGOs are on the right track when promoting SWC. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Erosion; Land cover change; Northern Ethiopia; Photo-monitoring; Soil and water conservation; Tigray	drought; environmental change; environmental impact assessment; environmental monitoring; erosion; farming system; image analysis; land cover; land use; landscape change; photography; quantitative analysis; rural development; soil conservation; soil erosion; water management; Africa; East Africa; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tigray	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959968565	Impact of rainfall and topography on the distribution of clays and major cations in granitic catenas of southern Africa	Khomo L., Hartshorn A.S., Rogers K.H., Chadwick O.A.	2011	Catena	87	1	10.1016/j.catena.2011.05.017	Max-Planck-Institut für Biogeochemie, 10 Hans-Knöll-Str. 07745, Jena, Germany; Department of Geology and Environmental Science, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, United States; Centre for Water in the Environment, School of Animal, Plants, Environmental Sciences, Witwatersrand University, Johannesburg, PO Wits 2050, South Africa; Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-4060, United States	Khomo, L., Max-Planck-Institut für Biogeochemie, 10 Hans-Knöll-Str. 07745, Jena, Germany; Hartshorn, A.S., Department of Geology and Environmental Science, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, United States; Rogers, K.H., Centre for Water in the Environment, School of Animal, Plants, Environmental Sciences, Witwatersrand University, Johannesburg, PO Wits 2050, South Africa; Chadwick, O.A., Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-4060, United States	Soil catenas integrate and amplify gravity transfer and differentiation processes of eluviation and illuviation in soil profiles. We quantified differences in these redistribution processes along granitic catenas across an arid to sub-humid climate gradient in Kruger National Park, South Africa. We measured soil properties in nine catenas sampled from three areas receiving annual rainfall of 470 mm (arid zone), 550 mm (semi-arid zone) and 730 mm (sub-humid zone). As rainfall increased, kaolinite replaced smectite as the dominant clay mineral in all landscape positions across the catenas. Toeslopes showed the strongest evidence of this transition with an excess of smectite in the arid catenas but complete prevalence of kaolinite in toeslopes of sub-humid catenas. The concentration and distribution of clay along the catenas were dependent on landscape position as well - soil profiles at and near the crests were clay depleted (as low as 1%) while those at the toeslopes had much more clay (up to 60%). Clay redistribution along catenas was sensitive to climate with the least amount of redistribution occurring in the dry sites and the most occurring in the wet sites. As a consequence, the sub-humid catenas had clay accumulation only in a small part of the toeslopes while the bulk of their length was represented by highly leached soils. In contrast, arid zone catenas showed little clay redistribution and semi-arid sites displayed the greatest within-catena clay redistribution and preservation. Clay movement and storage conditioned other soil properties such as CEC, base cation distribution, base saturation and pH. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	Arid/semi-arid/sub-humid rainfall; Clay mineralogy; Kruger national park; Soil; Soil development	arid environment; catena; cation; clay; granite; humid environment; kaolinite; leaching; pH; rainfall; smectite; soil profile; soil property; topographic effect; Kruger National Park; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864028338	The indirect impact of encroaching trees on gully extension: A 64year study in a sub-humid grassland of South Africa	Grellier S., Kemp J., Janeau J.-L., Florsch N., Ward D., Barot S., Podwojewski P., Lorentz S., Valentin C.	2012	Catena	98	None	10.1016/j.catena.2012.07.002	IRD-BIOEMCO c/o School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology (BEEH), Rabie Saunders Building, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Box X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Stellenbosch, Private. Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; UMMISCO, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, John Bews Building, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; IRD-BIOEMCO, Site Ecole Normale Supérieure, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France; School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology (BEEH), Rabie Saunders Building, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Box X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; IRD-BIOEMCO, 32 av. H. Varagnat, 93143 Bondy cedex, France	Grellier, S., IRD-BIOEMCO c/o School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology (BEEH), Rabie Saunders Building, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Box X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Kemp, J., Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Stellenbosch, Private. Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Janeau, J.-L., IRD-BIOEMCO c/o School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology (BEEH), Rabie Saunders Building, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Box X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Florsch, N., UMMISCO, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; Ward, D., School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, John Bews Building, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Barot, S., IRD-BIOEMCO, Site Ecole Normale Supérieure, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France; Podwojewski, P., IRD-BIOEMCO c/o School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology (BEEH), Rabie Saunders Building, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Box X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Lorentz, S., School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology (BEEH), Rabie Saunders Building, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Box X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Valentin, C., IRD-BIOEMCO, 32 av. H. Varagnat, 93143 Bondy cedex, France	Gully erosion and woody plant encroachment are frequently observed in grasslands worldwide. Gully erosion driven by water processes is usually affected by topography, land-use change and vegetation cover. We hypothesised that trees, through their potential link with overland and subsurface flow, may have an impact on gully extension. However, very few studies have simultaneously considered tree encroachment and gullies. We used aerial photographs to study Acacia sieberiana encroachment and gully erosion in a South African grassland (KwaZulu-Natal Province) for a period lasting 64years. At the catchment scale, results showed that acacias started invading after 1976 and transformed the grassland into a savanna with 9.45% of tree cover in 2009. Gully area increased by 3.9% in the last 64years and represented 12.76% of catchment area in 2009. Mean estimated sediment loss was 200Mgha -1 of gully y -1, indicating a high erosion rate mainly due to the collapse of gully banks after swelling and shrinking. Volumetric retreat rate (V) of 15 gully heads was correlated with drainage area (Drain.A) by a power function explaining 64% of the variance: V=0.02*Drain.A 0.83. A positive correlation between gully retreat rate and Acacia canopy area was measured between 2001 and 2009 when established tree encroachment was observed. These results, associated with the susceptibility of this soil to subsurface flow and the observation of pipe erosion systems in the field, showed that both surface and subsurface processes occur in this sub-humid grassland and that trees can be indirectly associated with increased gully erosion. © 2012 Elsevier B.V..	Acacia sieberiana; Aerial photographs; Erosion; Gully threshold; Soil piping; Subsurface	aerial photograph; erosion rate; grassland; gully erosion; humid environment; land use change; legume; subsurface flow; threshold; topographic effect; vegetation cover; vegetation dynamics; woody plant; KwaZulu-Natal; South Africa; Acacia; Acacia sieberiana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876316413	Soil crusting impact on soil organic carbon losses by water erosion	Maïga-Yaleu S., Guiguemde I., Yacouba H., Karambiri H., Ribolzi O., Bary A., Ouedraogo R., Chaplot V.	2013	Catena	107	None	10.1016/j.catena.2013.03.006	Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Radiochemistry and Electrochemistry (LACARE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources, International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering, Foundation 2iE, Burkina Faso; Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), UMR 5563, IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement), Université de Toulouse, UPS (OMP), CNRS, 14 Av Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France; IRD-BIOEMCO c/o School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Rabie Saunders Building, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa; Laboratory of Physico Chemistry and Technology of Materials (LPCTM), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso	Maïga-Yaleu, S., Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Radiochemistry and Electrochemistry (LACARE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources, International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering, Foundation 2iE, Burkina Faso; Guiguemde, I., Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Radiochemistry and Electrochemistry (LACARE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Yacouba, H., Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources, International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering, Foundation 2iE, Burkina Faso; Karambiri, H., Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources, International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering, Foundation 2iE, Burkina Faso; Ribolzi, O., Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), UMR 5563, IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement), Université de Toulouse, UPS (OMP), CNRS, 14 Av Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France; Bary, A., Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Radiochemistry and Electrochemistry (LACARE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Ouedraogo, R., Laboratory of Physico Chemistry and Technology of Materials (LPCTM), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Chaplot, V., IRD-BIOEMCO c/o School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Rabie Saunders Building, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa	The Sahelian region, characterized by erratic, heavy rainfalls and low soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks, is highly vulnerable to land degradation. While water erosion is recognized as being a main mechanism of SOC losses, little research has yet been done to investigate the role which soil surface crusting might have on SOC losses. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of soil surface crusting on SOC losses. This study was conducted in Tougou Catchment (37km2), northwest of Burkina Faso, which receives a cumulative mean annual rainfall of 500mmy-1. The area is characterized by sandy soils with varying types of surface crusts. The four different crust types studied were: structural crusts (STRU), which were found under cultivated soils, which were plowed annually; perennial desiccation crusts (DES), gravel (GRAV) and erosion (ERO) crusts, generally found in the degraded semi-arid savannas. Three micro-scale runoff plot (1×1m2) replicates were installed on each of the different types of surface crusts observed in the catchment. Water and sediment samples were collected from the runoff plots after every rainfall event (n=10) of the 2011 rainy season. The sediment samples were analyzed for organic carbon (OCsed), while the water samples were examined for dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The average of organic carbon losses with sediment (OCLsed), was 0.37gCm-2y-1 for ERO, 0.36gCm-2y-1 for DES, 0.24gCm-2y-1 for STRU and 0.15gCm-2y-1 for GRAV. DOC accounted for a minute contribution to SOC losses i.e. less than 0.05%. STRU with 10.42mgCl-1 showed the highest DOC content, followed by GRAV (6.13mgCl-1), DES (5.06mgCl-1) and ERO (4.92mgCl-1). The OC enrichment ratio (ER) of sediments to that of the 0-0.1m bulk soil was less than one for DES, GRAV and ERO (0.39, 0.69 and 0.75, respectively) and reached 1.14 for STRU. This pointed to a greater SOC protection from erosion by the perennial crusts of the degraded savannas (DES, GRAV and ERO), as compared to crusts of cultivated fields. Thick, sand-enriched crusts, DES and GRAV, seemed to provide the greatest OC protection. This study pointed out a significant relationship between soils crusting on SOC erosion. It showed that the formation of loose and sandy crusts provides greater SOC protection from water erosion, which in turn may improve SOC stabilization and associated soil functions, such as soil fertility, water-holding capacity and sequestration of atmospheric carbon. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Enrichment ratio; Erosion; Semi-arid area; Soil organic carbon; Soil surface crust	agricultural soil; carbon sequestration; catchment; dissolved organic carbon; field; land degradation; organic soil; sandy soil; savanna; semiarid region; soil carbon; soil crust; soil fertility; soil surface; water erosion; Burkina Faso; Groundnut rosette assistor virus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880808540	Evaluating the performance of reservoirs in semi-arid catchments of Tigray: Tradeoff between water harvesting and soil and water conservation	Teka D., van Wesemael B., Vanacker V., Poesen J., Hallet V., Taye G., Deckers J., Haregeweyn N.	2013	Catena	110	None	10.1016/j.catena.2013.06.001	Department of Land Resource Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, Ethiopia; Georges Lemaître Center for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium; Department Earth and Environmental Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium; Department of Geology, Faculté Universitaire Notre Dame de la Paix, Namur, Belgium; Toronto University, Japan	Teka, D., Department of Land Resource Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, Ethiopia, Georges Lemaître Center for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium; van Wesemael, B., Georges Lemaître Center for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium; Vanacker, V., Georges Lemaître Center for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium; Poesen, J., Department Earth and Environmental Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium; Hallet, V., Department of Geology, Faculté Universitaire Notre Dame de la Paix, Namur, Belgium; Taye, G., Department of Land Resource Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, Ethiopia, Department Earth and Environmental Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium; Deckers, J., Department Earth and Environmental Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium; Haregeweyn, N., Toronto University, Japan	Micro dams play a vital role towards boosting crop production in Northern Ethiopia as they can be built by pooling local resources, are simple to design and can be constructed quite quickly. However, the reservoirs do not always fulfill their intended purpose, and hence less land is irrigated than initially foreseen. Here, we evaluated the performance of two micro dams in Tigray by analyzing rainfall characteristics, surface water inflows and combined evaporation and seepage losses. Given the scarcity of reliable meteorological stations, transfer of rainfall data from nearby stations to the dam sites was necessary. The rainfall magnitude and its annual distribution were considered for the transfer of the rainfall data. The latter was estimated based on a precipitation concentration index (PCI). Simple rainfall-runoff models, such as the curve number method proposed by the US Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service, or the rational method were used to predict the inflow to the reservoirs. Both methods slightly overestimated the monthly inflow for the catchment without soil and water conservation measures (rational method: bias of 24% and curve number method: bias of 9%). In the catchment where soil and water conservation measures were implemented, the inflow was overestimated by a factor three. The high losses of water through seepage and evaporation substantially decreased the irrigation capacity by up to 33%. This case study illustrates that an integrated assessment of the hydrological response in the catchment is necessary for an adequate design of water harvesting systems. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Hydrograph; Irrigation capacity; Micro dams; Northern Ethiopia; Rainfall-runoff response	annual variation; catchment; crop production; dam; estimation method; hydrological response; irrigation; meteorology; precipitation (climatology); rainfall; rainfall-runoff modeling; Ethiopia; Tigray	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84918538529	Impact of sheet erosion mechanisms on organic carbon losses from crusted soils in the Sahel	Maïga-Yaleu S.B., Chivenge P., Yacouba H., Guiguemde I., Karambiri H., Ribolzi O., Bary A., Chaplot V.	2015	Catena	126	None	10.1016/j.catena.2014.11.001	Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Radiochemistry and Electrochemistry (LACARE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources, International Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (Institute 2iE), Burkina Faso; Department of Training and Research, Regional Center AGRHYMET, Niamey, Niger; School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Rabie Saunders Building, Scottsville, South Africa; Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), UMR 5563, IRD-Université de Toulouse, UPS (OMP), CNRS, 14 Av Edouard Belin, Toulouse, France; Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat, Expérimentations et approches numériques, UMR 7159, 4, place Jussieu, Paris, France	Maïga-Yaleu, S.B., Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Radiochemistry and Electrochemistry (LACARE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources, International Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (Institute 2iE), Burkina Faso, Department of Training and Research, Regional Center AGRHYMET, Niamey, Niger; Chivenge, P., School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Rabie Saunders Building, Scottsville, South Africa; Yacouba, H., Department of Training and Research, Regional Center AGRHYMET, Niamey, Niger; Guiguemde, I., Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Radiochemistry and Electrochemistry (LACARE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Karambiri, H., Department of Training and Research, Regional Center AGRHYMET, Niamey, Niger; Ribolzi, O., Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), UMR 5563, IRD-Université de Toulouse, UPS (OMP), CNRS, 14 Av Edouard Belin, Toulouse, France; Bary, A., Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Radiochemistry and Electrochemistry (LACARE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Chaplot, V., School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Rabie Saunders Building, Scottsville, South Africa, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat, Expérimentations et approches numériques, UMR 7159, 4, place Jussieu, Paris, France	Soil surface crusting influences water infiltration and runoff but its impact on soil organic carbon (SOC) losses by sheet erosion is largely unknown. Because there are different mechanisms of sheet erosion, from raindrop detachment and transport by raindrops interacting with flow (RIFT), to detachment and transport by flow, that require a certain slope length to be operative, this study examined the impact of slope length on SOC and nutrient losses. Field experiments were conducted on crusted soils in the Sahel region of Africa. Three replicates of micro-plots (1m×1m), plots (10m long×5m width) and long plots (25m×6m) were installed for each crust type in the area (structural, STRU; desiccation, DES; gravel, GRAV; and erosion, ERO) and followed for each rainfall event in the 2012 rainy season. Sediment, SOC content in sediments and selected nutrients (NO3 -; PO4 3-) in the runoff were analyzed to evaluate the annual losses by sheet erosion. SOC losses decreased significantly with increasing slope length from 0.24gCm-1 on micro-plots to 0.04gCm-1 on plots and to 0.01gCm-1 on long plots and similar trends were observed for NO3 - and PO4 3- losses. This suggested a strong scale dependency of sheet erosion with the efficiency of transport by saltation and rolling by RIFT decreasing significantly with increasing slope length, by 6 folds in average between 1 and 10m, with values between 1.8 on DES crusts and 19 on STRU crusts. These results on the relationship between soil crusting and sheet erosion should be further used to mitigate against the loss of SOC through the implementation of improved soil conservation techniques, as well as to improve soil erosion and/or SOC models. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Africa; Erosion mechanism; Land degradation; Nutrients; Soil organic carbon; Soil surface feature	land degradation; nutrient loss; organic carbon; runoff; saltation; sheet erosion; soil conservation; soil crust; soil organic matter; Sahel [Sub-Saharan Africa]; Groundnut rosette assistor virus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34249745741	Evaluation of the influence of housefly maggot meal (magmeal) diets on catalase, glutathione S-transferase and glycogen concentration in the liver of Oreochromis niloticus fingerling	Ogunji J.O., Nimptsch J., Wiegand C., Schulz C.	2007	Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - A Molecular and Integrative Physiology	147	4	10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.02.028	Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Berlin, Germany; Ebonyi State University, Department of Animal Production and Fisheries Management, P.M.B. 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria; Institute of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture,	Ogunji, J.O., Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Berlin, Germany, Ebonyi State University, Department of Animal Production and Fisheries Management, P.M.B. 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria; Nimptsch, J., Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Berlin, Germany; Wiegand, C., Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Berlin, Germany; Schulz, C., Institute of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture, Humboldt University Berlin, Germany	Influence of housefly maggot meal (magmeal) diets on the activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glycogen concentration in liver of Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fingerling was evaluated. Triplicate groups of fifteen fish (initial average weight 2.0 ± 0.1 g) were fed eight weeks with seven test diets (in average 36% crude protein, dry matter) formulated by replacing fish meal with magmeal. Percentage body weight gain (591-724.46%), food conversion ratio (1.05-1.22) and standard growth rate (3.45-3.76) in all feeding groups were not significantly different (P &lt; 0.05). No significant difference (P &lt; 0.05) was observed in liver glycogen reserve (175.27-236.88 μmol g- 1) among the fish groups. Hepatic catalase activity also did not differ significantly. However, elevated glutathione S-transferases activities were observed when fish received higher dietary magmeal concentration. This might have been temporary with no real physiological implication when appraised by the growth responses. These results indicate that magmeal was well utilized by the fish and its incorporation into tilapia diets seems to have no oxidative stress generating effect on fish metabolism and may not be containing any compound that stimulates the generation of reactive oxygen species. Magmeal can effectively be used as an alternative protein source in tilapia fingerling production. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Catalase; Fish nutrition; Glutathione S-transferases; Housefly maggot meal; Liver glycogen; Oxidative stress; Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus	catalase; glutathione transferase; glycogen; reactive oxygen metabolite; animal experiment; article; controlled study; dietary intake; enzyme activity; glycogen liver level; house fly; maggot; nonhuman; nutrition; oreochromis niloticus; oxidative stress; Tilapia; Animal Feed; Animals; Antioxidants; Catalase; Cichlids; Diet; Feeding Behavior; Food; Glutathione Transferase; Glycogen; Houseflies; Larva; Liver; Survival Analysis; Oreochromis niloticus; Tilapia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84942513086	Effects of nicotine on the digestive performance of nectar-feeding birds reflect their relative tolerance to this alkaloid	Lerch-Henning S., Nicolson S.W.	2015	Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -Part A : Molecular and Integrative Physiology	190	None	10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.08.015	Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, South Africa	Lerch-Henning, S., Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, South Africa; Nicolson, S.W., Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, South Africa	The paradox of secondary metabolites, toxic defence compounds produced by plants, in nectar and fruits is well known. Deterrence of feeding by nectarivorous and frugivorous birds is better understood than the effect of these chemicals on the digestive performance of birds. Digestive parameters such as transit time and sugar assimilation are important in assessing nutrient utilization and deterrence may be related to post-ingestive effects involving these parameters. Nectar and many fruits contain mainly sugars and water, and avian consumers compensate for low sugar content in their diet by increasing food intake: this may also increase their intake of secondary metabolites. We investigated how the alkaloid nicotine, naturally present in nectar of Nicotiana species, influences compensatory feeding and digestive performance of nectar-feeding birds. High nicotine concentration negatively affected compensatory feeding and apparent assimilation efficiency of white-bellied sunbirds Cinnyris talatala and Cape white-eyes Zosterops virens; but nicotine slowed gut transit time only in the latter species. In contrast, food intake and digestive performance of dark-capped bulbuls Pycnonotus tricolor was unaffected by nicotine up to a concentration of 50. μM. Bulbuls are primarily frugivorous; hence, they are more exposed to secondary metabolites than sunbirds and possibly white-eyes. Because their diet is richer in toxins, frugivorous birds may have evolved more efficient detoxification strategies than those of specialist nectar-feeding birds. © 2015 Elsevier Inc.	Apparent assimilation efficiency; Bird pollinators; Foraging behaviour; Gut transit time; Secondary metabolites	nicotine; animal experiment; Article; bird; controlled study; digestion; feeding; foraging behavior; intestine transit time; nectar; nectarivore; nonhuman; secondary metabolism	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878514240	Evaluation of four different equations for calculating LDL-C with eight different direct HDL-C assays	Oliveira M.J.A., van Deventer H.E., Bachmann L.M., Warnick G.R., Nakajima K., Nakamura M., Sakurabayashi I., Kimberly M.M., Shamburek R.D., Korzun W.J., Myers G.L., Miller W.G., Remaley A.T.	2013	Clinica Chimica Acta	423	None	10.1016/j.cca.2013.04.009	Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; Lancet Laboratories, PO Box 37918, Faerie Glen, Pretoria, 0043, South Africa; Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1111 West Broad Street, Richmond, VA 23284, United States; Health Diagnostic Laboratory, 737 North 5th Street, Suite 103, Richmond, VA 23219, United States; Nakajima and Associates, Co., 201 Nakajima Bldg., 3-33-2 Minami-cho, Maebashi, Guma, 371-0805, Japan; Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Department of Health Promotion and Education, 1-3-2 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan; Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi-ken, Japan; American Association for Clinical Chemistry, 1850 K Street, NW Suite 625, Washington, DC, United States	Oliveira, M.J.A., Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; van Deventer, H.E., Lancet Laboratories, PO Box 37918, Faerie Glen, Pretoria, 0043, South Africa; Bachmann, L.M., Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1111 West Broad Street, Richmond, VA 23284, United States; Warnick, G.R., Health Diagnostic Laboratory, 737 North 5th Street, Suite 103, Richmond, VA 23219, United States; Nakajima, K., Nakajima and Associates, Co., 201 Nakajima Bldg., 3-33-2 Minami-cho, Maebashi, Guma, 371-0805, Japan; Nakamura, M., Osaka Medical Center for Health Science and Promotion, Department of Health Promotion and Education, 1-3-2 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan; Sakurabayashi, I., Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi-ken, Japan; Kimberly, M.M.; Shamburek, R.D., Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; Korzun, W.J., Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1111 West Broad Street, Richmond, VA 23284, United States; Myers, G.L., American Association for Clinical Chemistry, 1850 K Street, NW Suite 625, Washington, DC, United States; Miller, W.G., Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1111 West Broad Street, Richmond, VA 23284, United States; Remaley, A.T., Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States	Background: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is often calculated (cLDL-C) by the Friedewald equation, which requires high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG). Because there have been considerable changes in the measurement of HDL-C with the introduction of direct assays, several alternative equations have recently been proposed. Methods: We compared 4 equations (Friedewald, Vujovic, Chen, and Anandaraja) for cLDL-C, using 8 different direct HDL-C (dHDL-C) methods. LDL-C values were calculated by the 4 equations and determined by the β quantification reference method procedure in 164 subjects. Results: For normotriglyceridemic samples (TG < 200 mg/dl), between 6.2% and 24.8% of all results exceeded the total error goal of 12% for LDL-C, depending on the dHDL-C assay and cLDL-C equation used. Friedewald equation was found to be the optimum equation for most but not all dHDL-C assays, typically leading to less than 10% misclassification of cardiovascular risk based on LDL-C. Hypertriglyceridemic samples (>200 mg/dl) showed a large cardiovascular risk misclassification rate (30%-50%) for all combinations of dHDL-C assays and cLDL-C equations. Conclusion: The Friedewald equation showed the best performance for estimating LDL-C, but its accuracy varied considerably depending on the specific dHDL-C assay used. None of the cLDL-C equations performed adequately for hypertriglyceridemic samples. © 2013.	Cardiovascular disease; Cholesterol; Friedewald equation; Low-density lipoproteins	high density lipoprotein cholesterol; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; triacylglycerol; very low density lipoprotein cholesterol; analytic method; Anandaraja equation; article; assay; cardiovascular risk; Chen equation; cholesterol blood level; controlled study; evaluation research; Friedewald equation; human; hypertriglyceridemia; information processing; intermethod comparison; lipid analysis; major clinical study; priority journal; triacylglycerol blood level; ultracentrifugation; Vujovic equation; Algorithms; Biological Assay; Blood Chemical Analysis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Humans	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954539961	Selective oxidation of p-cymene catalyzed by VPO catalyst: Process performance and kinetics studies	Makgwane P.R., Harmse N.I., Ferg E.E., Zeelie B.	2010	Chemical Engineering Journal	162	1	10.1016/j.cej.2010.05.016	InnoVenton: NMMU Institute of Chemical Technology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa	Makgwane, P.R., InnoVenton: NMMU Institute of Chemical Technology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa; Harmse, N.I., InnoVenton: NMMU Institute of Chemical Technology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa; Ferg, E.E., Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa; Zeelie, B., InnoVenton: NMMU Institute of Chemical Technology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa	The catalyzed liquid phase oxidation process of p-cymene to tertiary cymene hydroperoxide (TCHP) by vanadium phosphorous oxide (VPO) catalysts was studied in a well-stirred batch reactor. It was found that the VPO compounds improve the p-cymene oxidation rates and selectivity towards TCHP. In particular, the process gave around 85% TCHP selectivity with conversion of about 30% achieved within 4. h when compared to long oxidation times (8-12. h) in non-catalyzed industrial-scale p-cymene oxidation process. Although catalysts material containing the vanadyl pyrophosphate phase ((VO)2P2O7) are more active and selective, there is no evidence that this phase is the solely required active phase for this type of oxidation reaction based on the results of the tested different VPO catalyst phases. The results indicated the active participation of the catalyst in the initiation of the oxidation process, thus, reducing the long induction period. In the presence of only initiator added (ROOH), the reaction initiation showed typical long induction period of about 5-6. h to form only about 1% conversion. The observed improved TCHP selectivity displayed by the VPO catalyst during normal oxidation reaction can be explained by the slow or insignificant influence of the catalyst on the decomposition rate of the formed TCHP to by-products at substrate conversions of 35% or less. A kinetic model was determined that fitted the experimental results to predict the performance of the p-cymene liquid phase oxidation rates and conversion. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.	Kinetics; Liquid phase oxidation; P-cymene; Tertiary cymene hydroperoxide; Vanadium phosphate	Hydroperoxides; Liquid-phase oxidation; p-Cymene; Vanadium phosphate; Vanadium phosphates; Batch reactors; Liquids; Oxidation; Oxidation resistance; Phosphorus; Vanadium alloys; Vanadium compounds; Catalyst selectivity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80755139509	Two dimensional fluidised bed reactor: Performance of a novel multi-vortex distributor	Brink H.G., Saayman J., Nicol W.	2011	Chemical Engineering Journal	175	1	10.1016/j.cej.2011.09.077	University of Pretoria, Department Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria Main Campus, Corner Lynwood and Roper Street, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	Brink, H.G., University of Pretoria, Department Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria Main Campus, Corner Lynwood and Roper Street, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Saayman, J., University of Pretoria, Department Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria Main Campus, Corner Lynwood and Roper Street, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Nicol, W., University of Pretoria, Department Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria Main Campus, Corner Lynwood and Roper Street, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	The influence of the distributor configuration on interphase mass transfer, gas axial dispersion and bubble size was studied in a pseudo 2-D fluidised bed reactor for two types of distributor configurations; a novel multi-vortex (MV) distributor with tubes directed vertically and horizontally at different heights and a standard perforated plate distributor (baseline). The linear inlet velocity (U0) ranged between 0.1m/s and 0.35m/s, with air as fluidising medium at ambient conditions. The ozone decomposition reaction over Fe2O3 impregnated FCC catalyst was used as an indirect measure for the performance of the FBR and it was found that the MV distributor causes a significant improvement (15% average) in the conversion efficiencies at all velocities tested. Bubble size measurements (using two separate techniques) indicated larger bubbles for the MV distributor, while the visual bubbling to turbulent transition boundary (Uc) for the MV distributor was found to be lower than the baseline distributor. The interphase bubble-emulsion mass transfer was quantified using the model derived by Thompson et al. [32] and was found to be 52% higher for the MV distributor than the baseline distributor. In addition the MV distributor exhibited near plug flow characteristics at velocities exceeding Uc, while this was not the case for the baseline distributor. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	Interphase mass transfer quantification; Multi-vortex distributor; Ozone decomposition reaction; Two dimensional fluidized bed reactor	Ambient conditions; Axial dispersions; Bubble size; Bubble size measurement; Different heights; FCC catalysts; Fluidised bed; Indirect measure; Inlet velocity; Inter-phase mass transfer; Multi-vortex distributor; Ozone decomposition; Ozone decomposition reaction; Plug flow; Thompson; Turbulent transition; Chemical reactors; Conversion efficiency; Emulsification; Fluid catalytic cracking; Fluidization; Mass transfer; Ozone; Perforated plates; Two dimensional; Vortex flow; Fluidized beds	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870311367	The impact of contactor scale on a ferric nanoparticle adsorbent process for the removal of phosphorus from municipal wastewater	Martin B.D., De Kock L., Stephenson T., Parsons S.A., Jefferson B.	2013	Chemical Engineering Journal	None	None	10.1016/j.cej.2012.11.006	Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom; Department of Chemical Technology, Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (Water Research Platform), University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa	Martin, B.D., Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom; De Kock, L., Department of Chemical Technology, Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (Water Research Platform), University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; Stephenson, T., Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom; Parsons, S.A., Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom; Jefferson, B., Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom, Department of Chemical Technology, Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (Water Research Platform), University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa	The impact of contactor scale on the efficacy of a ferric nanoparticle embedded media for phosphorus removal was investigated. Experiments were conducted on columns with diameters between 15 and 500mm, operated at a fixed empty bed contact time of 4min and an aspect ratio of bed depth to column diameter of 2:1 to ensure self similarity. The columns contained a ferric nanoparticle embedded media, and treated water containing 4mgPL-1 to simulate applications of full load removal. The treatable flow before breakthrough, the shape of the mass transfer zone and the capacity were all seen to vary with the column diameter used. A logarithmic relationship was observed between column diameter and adsorption capacity such that the capacity increased from 3.4 to 6.3mgPgmedia-1 as the column diameter increased from 15 to 500mm. Overall the results highlight the importance of considering the scale at which the capacity is measured when assessing the economic suitability of the embedded nanoparticle resin. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	Ferric nanoparticles; Municipal wastewater; Phosphorus removal; Scale-up	Adsorption capacities; Bed depth; Embedded media; Embedded nanoparticles; Empty bed contact time; Full-load; Logarithmic relationship; Municipal wastewaters; Phosphorus removal; Scale-up; Self-similarities; Aspect ratio; Phosphorus; Water treatment; Nanoparticles	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949115102	High-performance towards Cr(VI) removal using multi-active sites of polypyrrole-graphene oxide nanocomposites: Batch and column studies	Setshedi K.Z., Bhaumik M., Onyango M.S., Maity A.	2015	Chemical Engineering Journal	262	None	10.1016/j.cej.2014.10.034	Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; DST/CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	Setshedi, K.Z., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa; Bhaumik, M., Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Onyango, M.S., Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa; Maity, A., DST/CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] adsorption onto polypyrrole graphene oxide nanocomposite (PPy-GO NC) From aqueous solutions was explored using batch and packed-bed column modes. The performance of the PPy-GO NC for Cr(VI) removal was evaluated as a function of solution pH, initial Cr(VI) concentration, temperature, bed mass and time. The characterization of PPy-GO NC using HR-TEM, FE-SEM and Raman spectroscopy confirmed that graphite was successfully exfoliated to thin layered graphene sheets and also ensured the presence of the PPy in the PPy-GO NC. Meanwhile the zeta potential data showed that the point of zero charge of the nanocomposite was at pH 6.2. Batch sorption isotherm data at optimum solution pH of 2, was satisfactorily described by the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum sorption capacity of 625. mg/g at 25. °C, while the kinetic data fitted well with the pseudo second order kinetic model. Sorption of Cr(VI) onto PPy-GO NC in binary ions systems was also evaluated and results showed that the presence of co-existing ions had no effect on Cr(VI) removal. Expressed through breakthrough curves, the packed-bed Cr(VI) sorption data showed consistency with the ideal s-shape. Moreover, a large volume of Cr(VI) contaminated water (64.08. L) was successfully treated to below allowable discharge limit at low influent Cr(VI) concentration (10. mg/L) using 2. g of PPy-GO NC at a flow rate of 3. mL/min. Breakthrough data were successfully described by the Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Breakthrough; Graphene oxide; Kinetics; Nanocomposites; Polypyrrole	Adsorption isotherms; Enzyme kinetics; Graphene; Isotherms; Kinetics; Nanocomposites; Packed beds; Polypyrroles; Sorption; Water pollution; Allowable discharge limits; Breakthrough; Cr contaminated water; Graphene oxide nanocomposites; Graphene oxides; Langmuir isotherm models; Point of zero charge; Pseudo-second-order kinetic models; Chromium compounds	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883637090	Durability performance potential and strength of blended Portland limestone cement concrete	Githachuri K., Alexander M.G.	2013	Cement and Concrete Composites	39	None	10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2013.03.027	Concrete Materials and Structural Integrity Research Unit, Dept. of Civil Eng., Univ. of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, 7701 Rondebosch, South Africa	Githachuri, K., Concrete Materials and Structural Integrity Research Unit, Dept. of Civil Eng., Univ. of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, 7701 Rondebosch, South Africa; Alexander, M.G., Concrete Materials and Structural Integrity Research Unit, Dept. of Civil Eng., Univ. of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, 7701 Rondebosch, South Africa	This paper describes a study on the durability potential and strength of composite Portland-limestone cement (PLC) concrete mixtures blended with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and/or fly ash (FA). Their performance was compared against ordinary Portland cement, plain PLC and Portland-slag cement concrete mixtures. Using the South African Durability Index approach, results indicate reductions in the penetrability of the composite PLC blends compared to the other mixtures. The durability indicators are chloride conductivity, gas (oxygen) permeability and water sorptivity. Compressive strength of the composite PLC mixtures containing both GGBS and FA showed competitive performance with the comparative mixtures, but FA blended PLC mixtures had diminished compressive strength values. The paper also presents considerations on the practical implications of using blended PLC concrete mixtures. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Durability; Fly ash; Limestone; Slag; Strength	Cement concrete; Competitive performance; Durability performance; Ground granulated blast furnace slag; Limestone cement concretes; Ordinary Portland cement; Strength; Water sorptivity; Blast furnaces; Chlorine compounds; Compressive strength; Durability; Fly ash; Gas permeability; Limestone; Slag cement; Slags; Mixtures	National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-27744449568	Chemical evaluation of cement-based sandcrete wall deterioration	Odigure J.O.	2005	Cement and Concrete Research	35	11	10.1016/j.cemconres.2005.03.014	Federal University of Technology, Chemical Engineering Department, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria	Odigure, J.O., Federal University of Technology, Chemical Engineering Department, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria	Cement-based structure stability could be characterized not only by their mechanical strength, soil geophysics and loading condition, but also the resistance to various physical and chemical factors that could initiate its corrosion. The contribution of water and various water-based solutions in the environment, to cement-based structure durability could be either physical as in seasonal flooding of the structure or chemical often initiated by the presence in the solution of organic or inorganic compounds or gases. Irrespective of the corrosion type, its destructive effect could be attributed to the build up of internal stress and weakening of the structure matrix. This work is aimed at investigating the role of chemical changes in the sandcrete matrix in the formation and development of macrocracks in cement-based sandcrete walls. Collected sandcrete samples were analyzed using titrimetric and granulometeric methods. Results showed that the percentage composition between the top and bottom of SiO2 was high in all the sandcrete blocks samples analyzed ranging from 76.72% to 80.30%. This indicates high permeability of ground level structure. The acidic nature of the soil in some area varying from pH = 5.89-6.11 could seriously undermine the structures strength. The percentage compositions of CaO were generally very low ranging from 3.83% at the ground to 4.44% at the top levels. For most points there were percentage compositional differential across cracked points horizontally and vertically. This is an indication of either poor cement quality or non-compliance to standards' requirements. There is a need to develop a model equation for the migration of minerals' hydrates in sandcrete wall. © 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd.	Chemical evaluation; Composition differential; Crack formation; Deterioration; Ions diffusion	Chemical analysis; Corrosion; Crack initiation; Deterioration; Mechanical permeability; Residual stresses; Sand; Strength of materials; Walls (structural partitions); Chemical evaluation; Compositional differential; Ions diffusion; Cements	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547595380	Improved mechanical performance: Shear behaviour of strain-hardening cement-based composites (SHCC)	van Zijl G.P.A.G.	2007	Cement and Concrete Research	37	8	10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.04.009	Division for Structural Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa; Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands	van Zijl, G.P.A.G., Division for Structural Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands	The retardation of moisture and gas ingress associated with important degradation mechanisms in cement-based composites in general and reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete in particular is an ongoing research focus internationally. A dense outer layer is generally accepted to significantly enhance durability of structural concrete. However, cracking leads to enhanced ingress, unless the cracks are restricted to small widths. Strain-hardening cement-based composites (SHCC) make use of fibres to bridge cracks, whereby they are controlled to small widths over a large tensile deformation range. In this paper, SHCC shear behaviour is studied, verifying that the cracks which arise in pure shear are also controlled to small widths in these materials. The design of an Iosipescu shear test setup and specific SHCC geometry is reported, as well as the results of a test series. A computational model for SHCC, based on finite element theory and continuum damage mechanics, is elaborated and shown to capture the shear behaviour of SHCC. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Fibre reinforcement; Mechanical properties; Microcracking; Shear properties	Continuum damage mechanics; Deformation; Finite element method; Microcracking; Reinforcement; Fiber reinforcements; Shear properties; Composite materials	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954382931	Performance characteristics of pilot plant dense media hydrocyclone for beneficiation of coal and 3-D CFD simulation	Dinesh Suresh P., Kumar V., Sripriya R., Chakraborty S., Meikap B.C.	2010	Chemical Engineering Science	65	16	10.1016/j.ces.2010.05.006	Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur Technology, Kharaghpur, PO, West Bengal 721302, India; R and D Division, Tata Steel, Jamshedpur 831003, India; School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Howard College, University of Kwazulu-Natal, King George V. Avenue, Durban 4041, South Africa	Dinesh Suresh, P., Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur Technology, Kharaghpur, PO, West Bengal 721302, India; Kumar, V., Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur Technology, Kharaghpur, PO, West Bengal 721302, India; Sripriya, R., R and D Division, Tata Steel, Jamshedpur 831003, India; Chakraborty, S., Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur Technology, Kharaghpur, PO, West Bengal 721302, India; Meikap, B.C., Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur Technology, Kharaghpur, PO, West Bengal 721302, India, School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Howard College, University of Kwazulu-Natal, King George V. Avenue, Durban 4041, South Africa	Dense-medium separators have proven to be the most efficient processes for removing the undesirable material from run-of-mine coal. The application of high-pressure feed injection into dense-medium cyclones to provide an elevated centrifugal force has recently been found to allow efficient separation performances for the treatment of fine coal (i.e., <1000 γm). However, high-pressure injection requires specialized pumps and results in relatively high maintenance requirements. the Current study involves experimental investigation of separation performance characteristics of the dense media hydrocyclone (DMC). A pilot plant DMC has been designed and fabricated for performance characterization. Experiments have been conducted on 300. mm dense medium cyclone treating coal in the size range of -6 to +2. mm using magnetite as the medium under operating conditions. The operating variable was the specific gravity of the medium, feed inlet pressure and feed inlet flow rate. The ash contents of the feed coal reporting to the overflow and underflow have been analyzed qualitatively. The result indicates that the use of magnetite as dense medium in DMC resulted in the yield of clean coal, which is 5% more when the air core is suppressed as compared to the same conditions when the air core remains. A 3-D geometry is created in Gambit to support the experimental findings by using CFD simulation. It is interesting to observe that experimental findings agree well with the simulation results. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.	CFD simulation; Coal beneficiation; Dense media hydrocyclone; Dense medium; Hydrocyclone; Magnetite suspension	CFD simulations; Coal beneficiation; Dense media; Dense medium; Hydro-cyclone; Magnetite suspensions; Beneficiation; Centrifugation; Coal; Coal industry; Concentration (process); Cyclone separators; Inlet flow; Magnetite; Oxide minerals; Pilot plants; Storms; Three dimensional; Computational fluid dynamics	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864037297	Evaluation of experimental data for wax and diamondoids solubility in gaseous systems	Mohammadi A.H., Gharagheizi F., Eslamimanesh A., Richon D.	2012	Chemical Engineering Science	81	None	10.1016/j.ces.2012.06.051	MINES ParisTech, CEP/TEP-Centre Énergétique et Procédés, 35 Rue Saint Honoré, 77305 Fontainebleau, France; Thermodynamics Research Unit, School of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, King George V Avenue, Durban 4041, South Africa; Department of Chemical Engineering, Buinzahra Branch, Islamic Azad University, Buinzahra, Iran; Technical University of Denmark, Center for Energy Resources Engineering (CERE), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark	Mohammadi, A.H., MINES ParisTech, CEP/TEP-Centre Énergétique et Procédés, 35 Rue Saint Honoré, 77305 Fontainebleau, France, Thermodynamics Research Unit, School of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, King George V Avenue, Durban 4041, South Africa; Gharagheizi, F., Department of Chemical Engineering, Buinzahra Branch, Islamic Azad University, Buinzahra, Iran; Eslamimanesh, A., MINES ParisTech, CEP/TEP-Centre Énergétique et Procédés, 35 Rue Saint Honoré, 77305 Fontainebleau, France; Richon, D., Thermodynamics Research Unit, School of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, King George V Avenue, Durban 4041, South Africa, Technical University of Denmark, Center for Energy Resources Engineering (CERE), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark	The Leverage statistical approach is herein applied for evaluation of experimental data of the paraffin waxes/diamondoids solubility in gaseous systems. The calculation steps of this algorithm consist of determination of the statistical Hat matrix, sketching the Williams Plot, and calculation of the residuals of two selected correlations results. In addition, the applicability domains of the investigated correlations and quality of the existing experimental data are examined accompanied by outlier diagnostics. Two previously applied Chrastil-type correlations including the original Chrastil and Mèndez-Santiago and Teja correlations are used to calculate/estimate the solubility of paraffin waxes (including n-C 24H 50 to n-C 33H 68) and diamondoids (adamantane and diamantane) in carbon dioxide/ethane gases, respectively. It can be interpreted from the obtained results that the applied equations for calculation of the corresponding solubilities are statistically valid and correct, and none of the experimental data can be designated as outliers. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.	Diamondoids; Evaluation of data; Gaseous system; Outlier diagnostics; Paraffin waxes; Phase equilibrium data	Adamantanes; Diamondoids; Evaluation of data; Experimental data; Gaseous systems; Phase equilibrium data; Statistical approach; Williams; Carbon dioxide; Paraffin waxes; Paraffins; Statistics; Solubility	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-39749110190	The influence of temperament style on a student's choice of and performance in a computer programming course	Blignaut P., Naude A.	2008	Computers in Human Behavior	24	3	10.1016/j.chb.2007.03.005	Department of Computer Science and Informatics, University of the Free State, South Africa	Blignaut, P., Department of Computer Science and Informatics, University of the Free State, South Africa; Naude, A., Department of Computer Science and Informatics, University of the Free State, South Africa	This study is an attempt to determine whether it is necessary to include temperament style when compiling an instrument to predict a student's chances of success in a computer programming course. Temperament style is seen as the combination of qualities which constitute the natural disposition of an individual and which affect actions, thinking and emotions. The DISC model, as adapted by Boyd [Boyd, C. F. (1994). Different children, different needs: the art of adjustable parenting. Oregon: Questar Publishers Inc.], views people as behaving along two orthogonal dimensions: the speed at which a person moves through life, and his/her general focus when doing things, i.e. on people or on tasks. This study proved that both of these dimensions have an influence on the performance of students in a computer programming course while one of them also has an influence on a student's choice to pursue a programming course. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Human factors; Psychology; Training	Curricula; Mathematical models; Personnel training; Psychology computing; Students; Human factors; Natural disposition; Temperament style; Computer programming	None
WoS	WOS:000282155200070	A proposed model for evaluating the success of WebCT course content management system	Adeyinka, Tella,Mutula, S.	2010	COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR	26	6	10.1016/j.chb.2010.07.007	University of Botswana, University of Ilorin	"Adeyinka, Tella: University of Ilorin","Mutula, S.: University of Botswana"	WebCT is an online course management system which is accessed through the portal. It has a wide range of tools which support teaching and learning and enable online delivery of lecture notes, representations, surveys and quizzes, coursework, discussion boards and much more. Evaluation of WebCT systems success or effectiveness is a fundamental challenge to education institutions. A review of previous e-learning research suggests a focused evaluation approach, thus offering limited discussion of comprehensive views of WebCT systems success or systematic and practical guidance to its evaluations. Based on a prevalent information systems success model, this paper proposes and describes a revised model for evaluating WebCT systems success in educational settings. The study findings suggest that content quality, system quality, support service quality, teaching and learning quality, self-regulated learning, intention to use/use, user satisfaction and net benefits are important factors for evaluating the success of WebCT CCMS. Implications of the proposed model for theory and practice were illustrated. In addition, future research directions that extend the reported study are also preferred. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	BOTSWANA,"Course content management system",e-learning,"Information Communication Technology (ICT)","INFORMATION SYSTEM SUCCESS",WebCT,DELONE,"EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE",INFORMATION-TECHNOLOGY,RESPECIFICATION,"USER ACCEPTANCE",VALIDATION	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921867012	Evaluation of the applicability of acid leaching for the 238U-230Th internal isochron method	Tanaka R., Yokoyama T., Kitagawa H., Tesfaye D.B., Nakamura E.	2015	Chemical Geology	396	None	10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.12.025	The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Tokyo, Japan; YMG Gold Mining Plc, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Tanaka, R., The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan; Yokoyama, T., The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Tokyo, Japan; Kitagawa, H., The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan; Tesfaye, D.B., The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan, YMG Gold Mining Plc, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Nakamura, E., The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan	The 238U-230Th internal isochron method has great potential for determining eruption ages of young volcanic materials if the separated groundmass phases have a sufficiently wide range of U/Th ratios. We examined the fractionation behavior of U and Th in aged (i.e., &gt;0.5Ma) basaltic samples by 6M hydrochloric acid leaching to evaluate the applicability of acid-leaching treatment for the 238U-230Th internal isochron method. Acid leaching of aged basaltic rocks in 238U-234U-230Th secular equilibrium at the bulk-rock scale results in 230Th-238U and 234U-238U radioactive disequilibria for both leachates and residues. These radioactive disequilibria can be explained by redistribution of 234Th (parent of 234U) and 230Th between acid-soluble and acid-resistant phases due to α-recoil. The number of 230Th atoms redistributed by α-recoil can be calculated by using a mass conservation equation for 234U atoms and by the relative amount of recoiled 230Th and 234Th, the latter proportional to the kinetic energy of the recoiled nuclide. When the fraction of daughter nuclide 234U remaining in either the residue or leachate, after α-recoil redistribution of 238U, is large enough (&gt;95%), the corrected (230Th/238U) values of leachate and residue show radioactive equilibria. This result demonstrates that preferential fractionation between U and Th does not occur during acid leaching for basaltic samples if there is no selective etching of the α-recoil track. This study implies that acid-leaching can be used in conjunction with the 238U-230Th internal isochron method for dating young volcanic rocks by evaluating the degree of the α-recoil redistribution of 234U. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	238U-230Th internal isochron; Acid leaching; α-Recoil	Basalt; Isotopes; Kinetic energy; Kinetics; Leaching; Radioactivity; Thorium; Volcanic rocks; Volcanoes; <sup>238</sup>U-<sup>230</sup>Th internal isochron; Acid leaching; Acid leaching treatments; Alpha-recoil track; Hydrochloric acid leaching; Mass conservation equations; Secular equilibrium; Volcanic materials; Uranium; basalt; hydrochloric acid; isotopic fractionation; isotopic ratio; leachate; uranium series dating; volcanic eruption; volcanic rock	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893144176	Reference set selection with generalized orthogonal Procrustes analysis for multivariate statistical process monitoring of multiple production processes	Coetzer R.L.J., Rossouw R.F., Le Roux N.J.	2014	Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems	132	None	10.1016/j.chemolab.2014.01.006	Sasol Technology Research and Development, Sasol, Private Bag 1, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa; Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Coetzer, R.L.J., Sasol Technology Research and Development, Sasol, Private Bag 1, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa; Rossouw, R.F., Sasol Technology Research and Development, Sasol, Private Bag 1, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa, Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Le Roux, N.J., Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Multivariate process monitoring is important in industry to ensure that production processes perform as close as possible to optimal operation. However, the selection of a reference set of optimal or expected performance is required for efficient process monitoring in real time. In this paper we present the method of generalized orthogonal Procrustes analysis to select a reference set for the multivariate monitoring of multiple production processes simultaneously. We combine generalized orthogonal Procrustes analysis with principal component analysis (PCA) and biplots to illustrate the implementation of the method and the interpretation of the results which provide important information on the relationships between many process variables and differences between the production processes. The work is motivated by an industrial problem involving the multivariate monitoring of a coal gasification production facility considering many process variables monitored across multiple reactors. © 2014.	Biplots; Multiple processes; Process monitoring; Procrustes analysis	coal; article; canonical variate analysis biplot; coal gasification; controlled study; generalized orthogonal Procrustes analysis; multivariate analysis; principal component analysis; priority journal; process monitoring; reactor monitoring; reference set selection; statistical analysis; statistical concepts; statistical parameters	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70249138673	Impact of rubber effluent discharges on the water quality and macroinvertebrate community assemblages in a forest stream in the Niger Delta	Arimoro F.O.	2009	Chemosphere	77	3	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.06.031	Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa	Arimoro, F.O., Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa	The ecological impact of rubber effluent on macroinvertebrate communities of the Adofi River, Niger Delta area of Nigeria were evaluated for a 6 month-period as part of a study to understand pollution processes in the river that may lead to improved regulation and policy development. Three sampling stations, each 25 m long were selected along 7 km stretch of the stream. Station 1, located upstream of the outfall from the rubber processing plant, station 2, immediately downstream of the effluent discharge point and station 3, 3 km downstream were sampled monthly. The rubber effluent impacted negatively on the sediment and water chemistry by elevating the levels of some heavy metals (Ni, Pb, and Zn), chemical parameters as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), conductivity and the amount of nutrients at the discharged site. A combined total of 87 macroinvertebrate taxa were recorded from the three stations of the river. The abundance and community structure showed variation between the effluent impacted site and the reference sites as most sensitive macroinvertebrate taxa were completely missing from the effluent impacted site. The preponderance of oligochaetes and some dipteran taxa associated with low dissolved oxygen levels in the impacted site bears credence to the fact that the chemical components of the rubber effluent waste water were lethal to some aquatic forms. Based on canonical correspondence analysis results, conductivity, BOD, phosphate and nitrate were strongly associated with the impacted station. At station 3, a community similar to the upstream reference station was found. Results illustrate the need for careful consideration of the water quality and indicator organisms in restoration. Mitigation procedures suggested for the rubber effluent included, for example, the decolourization of the highly coloured effluent and biodegradation prior to discharge, were recommended. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Adofi River; Anthropogenic activities; Biotic integrity; Heavy metals; Nigeria; Rubber industry effluent	Adofi River; Anthropogenic activities; Biotic integrity; Canonical Correspondence Analysis; Chemical component; Chemical parameters; Community structures; Decolourization; Ecological impacts; Effluent discharge; Indicator organisms; Low dissolved oxygen; Macroinvertebrate community; Macroinvertebrates; Niger Delta; Nigeria; Policy development; Pollution process; Reference sites; Reference stations; Rubber processing; Sampling stations; Water chemistry; Biochemical oxygen demand; Biodegradation; Dissolution; Dissolved oxygen; Effluents; Heavy metals; Heavy water; River pollution; Rubber; Rubber industry; Sewage; Wastewater; Wastewater treatment; Water quality; Zinc; Rivers; lead; nickel; zinc; anthropogenic effect; anthropogenic source; biochemical oxygen demand; biodegradation; chemical oxygen demand; community structure; ecological impact; effluent; heavy metal; Index of Biotic Integrity; industrial waste; macroinvertebrate; pollution policy; river pollution; sediment pollution; streamwater; water quality; article; biochemical oxygen demand; chemical oxygen demand; community structure; ecotoxicology; effluent; environmental impact; macroinvertebrate; Niger; nonhuman; rubber industry; stream (river); water pollution; water quality; water sampling; Animals; Biodiversity; Biomass; Environmental Monitoring; Geologic Sediments; Industrial Waste; Invertebrates; Kinetics; Metals, Heavy; Nigeria; Oxygen; Rivers; Rubber; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Adofi River; Africa; Delta; Niger Delta; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Diptera; Oligochaeta (Metazoa)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864496283	Predicting the dynamics and performance of a polymer-clay based composite in a fixed bed system for the removal of lead (II) ion	Unuabonah E.I., El-Khaiary M.I., Olu-Owolabi B.I., Adebowale K.O.	2012	Chemical Engineering Research and Design	90	8	10.1016/j.cherd.2011.11.009	Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer's University, Km 46, Lagos Ibadan Expressway, PMB 3005, Redemption City, Mowe, Nigeria; Institute of Chemistry, Universität Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam OT Golm, Germany; Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of En	Unuabonah, E.I., Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer's University, Km 46, Lagos Ibadan Expressway, PMB 3005, Redemption City, Mowe, Nigeria, Institute of Chemistry, Universität Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam OT Golm, Germany; El-Khaiary, M.I., Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, El-Hadara, Alexandria 21544, Egypt; Olu-Owolabi, B.I., Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adebowale, K.O., Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	A polymer-clay based composite adsorbent was prepared from locally obtained kaolinite clay and polyvinyl alcohol. The composite adsorbent was used to remove lead (II) ions from aqueous solution in a fixed bed mode. The increase in bed height and initial metal ion concentration increased the adsorption capacity of lead (II) and the volume of aqueous solution treated at 50% breakthrough. However, the adsorption capacity was reduced by almost 16.5% with the simultaneous presence of Ca 2+/Pb 2+ and Na +/Pb 2+ in the aqueous solution. Regeneration of the adsorbent with 0.1M of HCl also reduced its adsorption capacity to 75.1%. Adsorption of lead (II) ions onto the polymer-clay composite adsorbent in the presence of Na + and Ca 2+ electrolyte increased the rate of mass transfer, probably due to competition between cationic species in solution for adsorption sites. Regeneration further increased the rate of mass transfer as a result of reduced adsorption sites after the regeneration process. The length of the mass transfer zone was found to increase with increasing bed height but did not change with increasing the initial metal ion concentration. The models of Yoon-Nelson, Thomas, and Clark were found to give good fit to adsorption data. On the other hand, Bohart-Adams model was found to be a poor predictor for the column operation. The polymer-clay composite adsorbent has a good potential for the removal of lead (II) ions from highly polluted aqueous solutions. © 2011 The Institution of Chemical Engineers.	Adsorption models; Breakthrough; Fixed bed; Mass transfer zone; Polymer-clay composite; Regeneration	Adsorption capacities; Adsorption data; Adsorption model; Adsorption site; Bed height; Bohart-Adams model; Breakthrough; Cationic species; Column operations; Composite adsorbents; Fixed bed; Fixed-bed modes; Kaolinite clay; Lead ions; Metal ion concentration; Regeneration; Regeneration process; Geologic models; Kaolinite; Lead; Mass transfer; Metal ions; Polymers; Solutions; Adsorption	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-75149175506	Monitoring the commitment and child-friendliness of governments: A new approach from Africa	Bequele A.	2010	Child Abuse and Neglect	34	1	10.1016/j.chiabu.2009.08.007	The African Child Policy Forum, P.O. Box 1179, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Bequele, A., The African Child Policy Forum, P.O. Box 1179, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Objective: The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) is generally viewed from an ethical perspective, specifically for its influence and impact on our ethos and the place of children in society. A recent ground-breaking report prepared by The African Child Policy Forum (ACPF) shows conceptually and empirically how the CRC can be used as a tool for planning national action and for monitoring government performance and compliance. This paper reports on the methodology followed, the philosophical and legal foundations, the results of the application and the policy lessons. Method: This work is based on a methodology, the Child-Friendliness Index (CFI), developed by ACPF to analyse and monitor the performance of all 52 African governments. The index is inspired by the CRC's three core principles-Protection, Provision and Participation-and based on over forty policy and child-outcome indicators. Results: The methodology was applied to organise data, assess performance and score and rank all 52 African governments at a point in time and over time. On this basis, the study identifies which governments are child-friendly and which ones are not and why, and what it is that poorly performing governments can do to comply with their international obligations. Conclusions: Two important conclusions emerge from this exercise. The first is the beauty and power of simplicity. Much analysis of government obligations is hampered by the tedious task of having to scan voluminous information and bulky reports. But this CRC-inspired and CRC-based methodology provides a simple but powerful, transparent and objective framework for policy analysis and comparison. Secondly, the African experience confirms that three things matter on the policy front: politics that put children at the centre of public policy; Laws that protect them; and Budgets that provide for their basic needs and full development. Practical implications: ACPF's work provides an approach that governments, advocacy groups and treaty bodies can use to monitor government compliance, to identify areas for progress and to formulate effective pro-children policies. The approach is important and relevant for other regions of the world as it is for Africa. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child; Budgeting; Child rights; Child wellbeing; Child-friendliness; Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC); Governments; Poverty; Protection	Africa; article; bioethics; budget; child advocacy; child rights; child welfare; criminal justice; data analysis; government; health care planning; health care policy; human; human rights; information processing; law enforcement; medicolegal aspect; methodology; scoring system; Africa; Child; Child Abuse; Child Welfare; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Developing Countries; Government Regulation; Humans; Public Policy; Social Conditions; Social Problems; Social Values; United Nations	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887009810	The effects of parental involvement on academic performance of Ghanaian youth: Testing measurement and relationships using structural equation modeling	Chowa G.A.N., Masa R.D., Tucker J.	2013	Children and Youth Services Review	35	12	10.1016/j.childyouth.2013.09.009	University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 325 Pittsboro Street, CB #3550, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Centre for Social Development in Africa, University of Johannesburg, Bunting Road, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa	Chowa, G.A.N., University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 325 Pittsboro Street, CB #3550, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States, Centre for Social Development in Africa, University of Johannesburg, Bunting Road, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa; Masa, R.D., University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 325 Pittsboro Street, CB #3550, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Tucker, J., University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 325 Pittsboro Street, CB #3550, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States	Research in developed countries suggests that parental involvement is associated with youth academic success. However, little is known about the overall impact of parental involvement on youth academic performance in developing countries. Further, it is unclear what type of parental involvement impacts the academic performance of youth from developing countries. This study examines whether parental involvement at home and school are meaningfully different constructs in a population of Ghanaian youth and their parents, and whether parental involvement predicts academic performance. Results suggest a multidimensional construct consists of home and school involvement. The effect of parental involvement on youth academic performance appears to be a function of the type of parental involvement. Home-based parental involvement is positively associated with academic performance, while school-based parental involvement is negatively associated with academic performance. Parental involvement in youth's education has important implications for academic performance. Parental involvement in education has the potential to model positive attitudes toward school as well as adaptive academic practices, thus sending the message to youth that school is important.© 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Confirmatory factor analysis; Education; Ghana; Parental involvement; Structural equation modeling; Youth	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-21544477256	Quantitative determination of the group of flavonoids and saponins from the extracts of the seeds of Glinus lotoides and tablet formulation thereof by high-performance liquid chromatography	Endale A., Kammerer B., Gebre-Mariam T., Schmidt P.C.	2005	Journal of Chromatography A	1083	42371	10.1016/j.chroma.2005.05.095	Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 45, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Endale, A., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Kammerer, B., Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 45, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Gebre-Mariam, T., Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Schmidt, P.C., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany	The total flavonoids and saponins of the seeds of Glinus lotoides in the crude extracts and tablet formulation thereof were quantified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) methods with UV detection. The saponins were analyzed after acid hydrolysis in 3 M HCl at 100°C for 1 h. Vicenin-2 and mollugogenol B were isolated and used as reference substances for the quantification of total flavonoids and saponins, respectively. The identity and purity (&gt;97%) of the standards were confirmed by spectroscopic (UV, MS, and NMR) and chromatographic (HPLC) methods. The flavonoids and saponins of the crude extract of the seeds and tablet formulation were separated by RP-HPLC (Nucleosil RP-18 column, 250 mm × 4.6 mm) using linear gradient elution systems of acetonitrile-water-0.1 M H3PO4 for flavonoids and methanol-water for saponins. Satisfactory separation of the compounds was obtained in less than 30 and 25 min, for the flavonoids and saponins, respectively. The methods were validated for linearity, repeatability, limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ). Repeatability (inter- and intra-day, n = 6 and 9, respectively) showed less than 2% relative standard deviation (RSD). The LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.075 and 0.225 mg/mL, respectively, for vicenin-2 and 0.027 and 0.082 mg/100 mL, respectively, for mollugogenol B. The content of flavonoids and saponins of six single tablets was between 95 and 103% for flavonoids and 94-98% for saponins. The validated HPLC methods were employed to standardize a fingerprint of a laboratory produced purified extract, which could be used as a secondary standard for the routine quality control. Accordingly, the purified extract was found to contain 21.3% flavonoids (vicenin-2, 10%) and 25.4% saponins (glinuside G, 14.2%). © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Glinus lotoides; Glinuside G; Mollugogenol B; Quantitative determination; RP-HPLC; Vicenin-2	Acetonitrile; Aromatic compounds; Extraction; Hydrolysis; Mass spectrometry; Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Purification; Seed; Ultraviolet radiation; Ultraviolet spectroscopy; Crude extracts; Limits of detection (LOD); Limits of quantification (LOQ); Relative standard deviation (RSD); Tablet formulation; High performance liquid chromatography; acetonitrile; flavonoid; Glinus lotoides extract; glinuside G; hydrochloric acid; methanol; mollugogenol B; plant extract; saponin derivative; unclassified drug; vicenin 2; vitexin 2'' o glucoside; water; analytical equipment; article; drug purity; elution; glinus lotoides; high performance liquid chromatography; hydrolysis; mass spectrometry; medicinal plant; nuclear magnetic resonance; plant seed; priority journal; quality control; reproducibility; reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography; separation technique; standard; tablet formulation; temperature; ultraviolet radiation; ultraviolet spectroscopy; validation process; Apigenin; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Flavonoids; Glucosides; Molluginaceae; Reference Standards; Saponins; Seeds; Tablets; Extractives; Flavonoids; Liquid Chromatography; Saponins; Seeds; Ultraviolet Radiation; Glinus lotoides	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-29844456882	Determination of trace levels of dinitrophenolic compounds in environmental water samples using hollow fiber supported liquid membrane extraction and high performance liquid chromatography	Berhanu T., Liu J.-F., Romero R., Megersa N., Jönsson J.Å.	2006	Journal of Chromatography A	1103	1	10.1016/j.chroma.2005.10.082	Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Berhanu, T., Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden, Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Liu, J.-F., Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden; Romero, R., Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden; Megersa, N., Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Jönsson, J.Å., Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden	A hollow fiber supported liquid membrane extraction method for the liquid chromatographic determination of dinitrophenolic compounds at ppt levels has been developed. Different variables affecting the extraction process, such as extraction time, shaking speed, acceptor pH, acceptor buffer concentration, salt content and humic acids have been studied. Enrichment factors up to 7000 times were obtained. Validation of the method included calibration experiments and studies of the linearity of the responses in different matrices. Good linearity was obtained in the environmental matrices evaluated. Detection limits range from 6.0 to 8.0 ng/L, and the relative standard deviations do not exceed 7% in terms of repeatability. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Dinitrophenols; Environmental waters; Hollow fiber; HPLC; Phenolic herbicides; Supported liquid membrane	Extraction; High performance liquid chromatography; Liquid membranes; pH effects; Trace analysis; Dinitrophenols; Environmental waters; Hollow fibers; Phenolic herbicides; Supported liquid membranes; Nitrogen compounds; 2,4 dinitrophenol; article; calibration; extraction; high performance liquid chromatography; hollow fiber; liquid membrane; priority journal; validation process; Chemical Fractionation; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dinitrophenols; Herbicides; Humic Substances; Reproducibility of Results; Water Pollutants, Chemical	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33744993216	High-performance liquid chromatography profiling of the major carotenoids in Arabidopsis thaliana leaf tissue	Taylor K.L., Brackenridge A.E., Vivier M.A., Oberholster A.	2006	Journal of Chromatography A	1121	1	10.1016/j.chroma.2006.04.033	Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa; Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa	Taylor, K.L., Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa; Brackenridge, A.E., Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa; Vivier, M.A., Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa; Oberholster, A., Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa	Carotenoids are extremely sensitive to a variety of physico-chemical attacks which may have a profound effect on their characteristic properties, thereby influencing the accurate identification and quantification of individual compounds. In this light, a comprehensive summary of the pitfalls encountered and precautions to be administered during handling and storage of authentic standards and samples was found to be incomplete. Furthermore, acceptable baseline separation of trans-lutein from trans-zeaxanthin and between the cis- and trans-forms of neoxanthin and violaxanthin has not been satisfactorily demonstrated. Hence the most optimal sample preparation and analytical steps were determined and a sensitive and reproducible method for the quantitative HPLC profiling of the principal carotenoids found in plant leaf tissue was developed. A reverse-phase C30 column with a binary mobile solvent system was used for the baseline separation of eight of the major carotenoids and the two chlorophylls (a and b) within 18 min. These compounds were identified via the use of authentic standards, their spectral characteristics and HPLC-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI)-mass spectrometry (MS) confirmation. This method has been successfully applied for the quantification of plant pigments in Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type (WT) leaf tissue and in two A. thaliana non-photochemical mutants, namely npq1 and npq2. These mutants have previously been well-characterised and provided valuable reference data as well as acting as internal controls for the assessment of our new method. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Arabidopsis; Authentic standards; C30; Carotenoids; HPLC; Plants; Quantification	Photochemical reactions; Physical chemistry; Pigments; Plants (botany); Separation; Tissue; Arabidopsis; Authentic standards; C<sub>30</sub>; Carotenoids; HPLC; Quantification; Liquid chromatography; carotenoid; chlorophyll; Arabidopsis; article; high performance liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; plant leaf; priority journal; tissue; wild type; Arabidopsis; Carotenoids; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Mass Spectrometry; Plant Leaves; Reference Standards; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Arabidopsis thaliana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-62749128032	Effect of analyte properties on the kinetic performance of liquid chromatographic separations	de Villiers A., Lynen F., Sandra P.	2009	Journal of Chromatography A	1216	16	10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.101	University of Stellenbosch, Department of Chemistry, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Pfizer Analytical Research Centre, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium	de Villiers, A., University of Stellenbosch, Department of Chemistry, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Lynen, F., Pfizer Analytical Research Centre, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Sandra, P., Pfizer Analytical Research Centre, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium	Advances in modern high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) have led to increased interest in the comparison of the ultimate performance limits of methodologies aimed at increasing the resolving power per unit time. Kinetic plot-based methods have proven invaluable in facilitating such evaluations. However, in bridging the gap between fundamental comparisons and the eventual practical applicability of kinetic performance data, the effect of analyte properties have thus far largely been neglected. Using pharmaceutical compounds as representative real-life analytes, it is demonstrated that noteworthy differences in the optimal kinetic performance of a chromatographic system are observed compared to data for common test compounds. For a given stationary phase particle size, higher optimal- and maximum plate numbers, corresponding to increased analysis times, are measured for pharmaceutical compounds. Moreover, it is found that the optimal particle size/maximum pressure combination depends on the analyte under investigation, with the beneficial range of efficiencies for small particles shifted towards higher plate numbers for drug molecules. It is further demonstrated that the pH of the mobile phase plays a crucial role in determining the kinetic performance of pharmaceutical compounds. These data clearly indicate that data for test compounds do not reflect the performance attainable for pharmaceutical compounds and highlights the importance of using real-life samples to perform kinetic evaluations. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Analyte properties; Kinetic performance; Liquid chromatography; Pharmaceutical compounds	Analyte properties; Analytes; Chromatographic systems; Drug molecules; High-performance liquid chromatographies; Kinetic evaluations; Kinetic plots; Liquid chromatographic separations; Mobile phase; Per units; Performance datum; Performance limits; Pharmaceutical compounds; Resolving power; Small particles; Stationary phase; Body fluids; Chromatography; High performance liquid chromatography; High pressure liquid chromatography; Liquids; Optimization; Particle size analysis; Chromatographic analysis; phenol derivative; propyl paraben; analytic method; analytical equipment; article; drug determination; instrumentation; kinetics; liquid chromatography; measurement; particle size; pH; priority journal; Chromatography, Liquid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Solutions	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-62249134367	High performance liquid chromatography analysis of wine anthocyanins revisited: Effect of particle size and temperature	de Villiers A., Cabooter D., Lynen F., Desmet G., Sandra P.	2009	Journal of Chromatography A	1216	15	10.1016/j.chroma.2009.02.038	University of Stellenbosch, Department of Chemistry, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering (CHIS-TW), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Ghent University, Department of Organic Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281, S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium	de Villiers, A., University of Stellenbosch, Department of Chemistry, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Cabooter, D., Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering (CHIS-TW), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Lynen, F., Ghent University, Department of Organic Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281, S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Desmet, G., Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering (CHIS-TW), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Sandra, P., Ghent University, Department of Organic Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281, S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium	The complex anthocyanin fraction of red wines poses a demanding analytical challenge. We have found that anthocyanins are characterised by extremely low optimal chromatographic velocities, and as a consequence generic HPLC methods suffer from limited resolving power. Slow on-column inter-conversion reactions, particularly between carbinol and flavylium species, are shown to occur on the same time scale as chromatographic separation, leading to increased plate heights at normal chromatographic velocities. In order to improve current routine HPLC separations, the use of small (1.7 μm) particles and high temperature liquid chromatography (HTLC) were investigated. 1.7 μm particles provide better efficiency and higher optimal linear velocities, although column lengths of ∼20 cm should be used to avoid the detrimental effects of conversion reactions. More importantly, operation at temperatures up to 50 °C increases the kinetics of inter-conversion reactions, and implies significantly improved efficiency under relatively mild analysis conditions. It is further demonstrated using relevant kinetic data that no on-column thermal degradation of these thermally labile compounds is observed at 50 °C and analysis times of <2 h. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Anthocyanins; Elevated temperature; HPLC; Small particles; Thermal degradation; Wine	Anthocyanins; Elevated temperature; HPLC; Small particles; Thermal degradation; Body fluids; Chromatographic analysis; Chromatography; Degradation; High pressure liquid chromatography; Liquids; Methanol; Particle size analysis; Thermal effects; Thermogravimetric analysis; Wine; High performance liquid chromatography; anthocyanin; methanol; article; chemical analysis; food analysis; high performance liquid chromatography; high temperature; particle size; priority journal; wine; Anthocyanins; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Stability; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Particle Size; Plant Extracts; Temperature; Wine	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-64549091054	Isolation of isomangiferin from honeybush (Cyclopia subternata) using high-speed counter-current chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography	de Beer D., Jerz G., Joubert E., Wray V., Winterhalter P.	2009	Journal of Chromatography A	1216	19	10.1016/j.chroma.2009.02.056	Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, 7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa; Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstrasse 20, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany	de Beer, D., Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, 7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa; Jerz, G., Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstrasse 20, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Joubert, E., Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, 7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa, Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa; Wray, V., Department of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Winterhalter, P., Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstrasse 20, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany	Isomangiferin was isolated from Cyclopia subternata using a multi-step process including extraction, liquid-liquid partitioning, high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) and semi-preparative reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Enrichment of phenolic compounds in a methanol extract of C. subternata leaves was conducted using liquid-liquid partitioning with ethyl acetate-methanol-water (1:1:2, v/v). The enriched fraction was further fractionated using HSCCC with a ternary solvent system consisting of tert-butyl methyl ether-n-butanol-acetonitrile-water (3:1:1:5, v/v). Isomangiferin was isolated by semi-preparative reversed-phase HPLC from a fraction containing mostly mangiferin and isomangiferin. The chemical structure of isomangiferin was confirmed by LC-high-resolution electrospray ionization MS, as well as one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Counter-current chromatography; Cyclopia subternata; Fabaceae; Isomangiferin; Mangiferin; NMR spectroscopy; Xanthones	Counter-current chromatography; Cyclopia subternata; Fabaceae; Isomangiferin; Mangiferin; NMR spectroscopy; Xanthones; Acetonitrile; Body fluids; Bubbles (in fluids); Chromatographic analysis; Chromatography; Electrospray ionization; Esters; Ethers; High performance liquid chromatography; High pressure liquid chromatography; Liquids; Methanol; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Organic solvents; Phenols; Solvent extraction; acetic acid ethyl ester; coumaric acid; eriocitrin; hesperidin; isomangiferin; luteolin; mangiferin; methanol; phenol derivative; scolymoside; unclassified drug; water; article; carbon nuclear magnetic resonance; counter current chromatography; Cyclopia subternata; drug isolation; drug structure; electrospray mass spectrometry; extraction; heteronuclear multiple bond correlation; high performance liquid chromatography; medicinal plant; nonhuman; plant leaf; priority journal; proton nuclear magnetic resonance; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Countercurrent Distribution; Cyclopia Plant; Methanol; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Plant Extracts; Xanthones; Cyclopia subternata; Fabaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-63449127156	Investigation of the validity of the kinetic plot method to predict the performance of coupled column systems operated at very high pressures under different thermal conditions	Cabooter D., Lestremau F., de Villiers A., Broeckhoven K., Lynen F., Sandra P., Desmet G.	2009	Journal of Chromatography A	1216	18	10.1016/j.chroma.2009.02.079	Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Pfizer Global Research and Development, Analytical Research and Development, Sandwich, United Kingdom; University of Stellenbosch, Department of Chemistry, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Pfizer Analytical Research Center (PARC), Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium	Cabooter, D., Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Lestremau, F., Pfizer Global Research and Development, Analytical Research and Development, Sandwich, United Kingdom; de Villiers, A., University of Stellenbosch, Department of Chemistry, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Broeckhoven, K., Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Lynen, F., Pfizer Analytical Research Center (PARC), Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Sandra, P., Pfizer Analytical Research Center (PARC), Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Desmet, G., Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium	The present study investigates how strong the kinetic plot method is influenced by the changes in plate height, retention factor and apparent column permeability that arise under conditions of very high pressure. More precisely, the study investigates how well a set of performance measurements conducted on a single short column can be used to predict the performance of a long sequence of coupled columns. This has been investigated for the two practically most relevant thermal conditions, i.e., that of a forced-air oven and that of a still-air oven. Measuring column performance data for acetophenone and benzene on a series of coupled 3.5 μm columns that could be operated up to 1000 bar, it was found that the kinetic plot method provides accurate predictions of time versus efficiency for the still-air oven systems, over the entire range of investigated pressures and column lengths (up to 60 cm), provided k′ and Kv0 are evaluated at the maximal pressure. For the forced-air oven which leads to worse performances than the still-air oven, the kinetic plot prediction is less accurate, partly because the thermal conditions (near-isothermal) tend to vary if the number of coupled columns increases. The fact that the thermal conditions of the column wall might vary with the column length is an additional complexity making very-high pressure separations less predictable and harder to interpret and model. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Adiabatic conditions; Isothermal conditions; Kinetic plot method; Ultra high pressure; Validation	Adiabatic conditions; Isothermal conditions; Kinetic plot method; Ultra high pressure; Validation; Benzene; High pressure liquid chromatography; Ketones; Ovens; Stoves; Time series; Particle size analysis; acetophenone; benzene; accuracy; article; hyperbarism; performance measurement system; prediction; priority journal; temperature; validity; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Kinetics; Pressure; Temperature	None
None	None	Development and validation of a normal-phase high-performance thin layer chromatographic method for the analysis of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in co-trimoxazole tablets	Shewiyo D.H., Kaale E., Risha P.G., Dejaegher B., Smeyers-Verbeke J., Vander Heyden Y.	2009	Journal of Chromatography A	1216	42	10.1016/j.chroma.2009.08.076	Directorate of Laboratory Services, Tanzania Food and Drugs Authority, P.O. Box 77150, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65526, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Analytical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium	Shewiyo, D.H., Directorate of Laboratory Services, Tanzania Food and Drugs Authority, P.O. Box 77150, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65526, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Analytical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Kaale, E., School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65526, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Risha, P.G., School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65526, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Dejaegher, B., Analytical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Smeyers-Verbeke, J., Analytical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Vander Heyden, Y., Analytical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium	Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is often the ultimate mortal cause for immunocompromised individuals, such as HIV/AIDS patients. Currently, the most effective medicine for treatment and prophylaxis is co-trimoxazole, a synergistic combination of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP). In order to ensure a continued availability of high quality co-trimoxazole tablets within resource-limited countries, Medicines Regulatory Authorities must perform quality control of these products. However, most pharmacopoeial methods are based on high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods. Because of the lack of equipment, the Tanzania Food and Drugs Authority (TFDA) laboratory decided to develop and validate an alternative method of analysis based on the TLC technique with densitometric detection, for the routine quality control of co-trimoxazole tablets. SMX and TMP were separated on glass-backed silica gel 60 F254 plates in a high-performance thin layer chromatograph (HPTLC). The mobile phase was comprised of toluene, ethylacetate and methanol (50:28.5:21.5, v:v:v). Detection wavelength was 254 nm. The Rf values were 0.30 and 0.61 for TMP and SMX, respectively. This method was validated for linearity, precision, trueness, specificity and robustness. Cochran's criterion test indicated homoscedasticity of variances for the calibration data. The F-tests for lack-of-fit indicated that straight lines were adequate to describe the relationship between spot areas and concentrations for each compound. The percentage relative standard deviations for repeatability and time-different precisions were 0.98 and 1.32, and 0.83 and 1.64 for SMX and TMP, respectively. Percentage recovery values were 99.00% ± 1.83 and 99.66% ± 1.21 for SMX and TMP, respectively. The method was found to be robust and was then successfully applied to analyze co-trimoxazole tablet samples. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Co-trimoxazole tablets; Method development; Method validation; Normal-phase HPTLC; Sulfamethoxazole (SMX); Trimethoprim (TMP)	Co-trimoxazole tablets; Method development; Method validation; Normal-phase HPTLC; Sulfamethoxazole (SMX); Trimethoprim (TMP); High performance liquid chromatography; Laws and legislation; Methanol; Quality assurance; Quality function deployment; Silica; Silica gel; Thermomechanical pulping process; Thin films; Toluene; Total quality management; Quality control; acetic acid ethyl ester; cotrimoxazole; methanol; sulfamethoxazole; toluene; trimethoprim; accuracy; article; calibration; controlled study; densitometry; drug identification; drug structure; high performance thin layer chromatography; priority journal; process development; product recovery; quality control; reproducibility; separation technique; tablet; validation process; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Linear Models; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sulfamethoxazole; Tablets; Trimethoprim; Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination; Pneumocystis carinii	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959534499	High-efficiency high performance liquid chromatographic analysis of red wine anthocyanins	De Villiers A., Cabooter D., Lynen F., Desmet G., Sandra P.	2011	Journal of Chromatography A	1218	29	10.1016/j.chroma.2011.05.042	Stellenbosch University, Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering (CHIS-IR), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Ghent University, Department of Organic Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium	De Villiers, A., Stellenbosch University, Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Cabooter, D., Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering (CHIS-IR), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Lynen, F., Stellenbosch University, Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Desmet, G., Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering (CHIS-IR), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Sandra, P., Ghent University, Department of Organic Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium	The analysis of anthocyanins in natural products is of significant relevance in recent times due to the recognised health benefits associated with their consumption. In red grapes and wines in particular, anthocyanins are known to contribute important properties to the sensory (colour and taste), anti-oxidant- and ageing characteristics. However, the detailed investigation of the alteration of these compounds during wine ageing is hampered by the challenges associated with the separation of grape-derived anthocyanins and their derived products. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is primarily used for this purpose, often in combination with mass spectrometric (MS) detection, although conventional HPLC methods provide incomplete resolution. We have previously demonstrated how on-column inter-conversion reactions are responsible for poor chromatographic efficiency in the HPLC analysis of anthocyanins, and how an increase in temperature and decrease in particle size may improve the chromatographic performance. In the current contribution an experimental configuration for the high efficiency analysis of anthocyanins is derived using the kinetic plot method (KPM). Further, it is shown how analysis under optimal conditions, in combination with MS detection, delivers much improved separation and identification of red wine anthocyanins and their derived products. This improved analytical performance holds promise for the in-depth investigation of these influential compounds in wine during ageing. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	Anthocyanins; High temperature liquid chromatography (HTLC); Kinetic plots; Mass spectrometry; Ultra high pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC); Wine	Analytical performance; Anti-oxidants; Chromatographic performance; Derived products; Health benefits; High efficiency; High-temperature liquid chromatographies; HPLC analysis; HPLC method; In-depth investigation; Kinetic plot method; Kinetic plots; Mass spectrometric detection; MS detection; Natural products; Optimal conditions; Red wine; Separation and identification; Ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography; Wine ageing; Chromatographic analysis; Column chromatography; Efficiency; Fruits; High performance liquid chromatography; High pressure liquid chromatography; Liquids; Mass spectrometry; Particle size analysis; Wine; Anthocyanins; anthocyanin; cyanidin 3 acetylglucoside; cyanidin 3 glucoside; delphinidin 3 (4 coumaroyl)glucoside; delphinidin 3 acetylglucoside; delphinidin 3 glucoside; delphinidin 3,5 diglucoside; malvidin 3 (4 coumaroyl)glucoside; malvidin 3 (caffeoyl) glucoside; malvidin 3 acetylgalactoside; malvidin 3 acetylglucoside; malvidin 3 coumaroyl 5 diglucoside; malvidin 3 galactoside; malvidin 3 glucoside; malvidin 3,5 diglucoside; malvidin 3,7 diglucoside; malvidin delphinidin 2 glucoside; malvidin glucoside malvidin acetylglucoside; malvidin malvidin 2 glucoside; malvidin peonidin 2 glucoside; malvidin petunidin 2 glucoside; peonidin 3 (4 coumaroyl)glucoside; peonidin 3 acetylglucoside; peonidin 3 glucoside; petunidin 3 (4 coumaroyl)glucoside; petunidin 3 acetylglucoside; petunidin 3 glucoside; petunidin 3,5 diglucoside; petunidin 3,7 diglucoside; unclassified drug; unindexed drug; analytic method; article; chemical analysis; controlled study; high performance liquid chromatography; kinetic plot method; mass spectrometry; particle size; priority journal; process optimization; red wine; separation technique; temperature sensitivity; viniculture; Anthocyanins; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Hot Temperature; Kinetics; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Time Factors; Wine; Vitaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84355165233	Kinetic optimisation of the reversed phase liquid chromatographic separation of rooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis) phenolics on conventional high performance liquid chromatographic instrumentation	Beelders T., Sigge G.O., Joubert E., De Beer D., De Villiers A.	2012	Journal of Chromatography A	1219	None	10.1016/j.chroma.2011.11.012	Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Beelders, T., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Sigge, G.O., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Joubert, E., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa, Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; De Beer, D., Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; De Villiers, A., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Rooibos tea, produced from the endemic South African shrub Aspalathus linearis, has various health-promoting benefits which are attributed to its phenolic composition. Generating reliable, quantitative data on these phenolic constituents is the first step towards documenting the protective effects associated with rooibos tea consumption. Reversed phase liquid chromatographic (RP-LC) methods currently employed in the quantitative analysis of rooibos are, however, hampered by limited resolution and/or excessive analysis times. In order to overcome these limitations, a systematic approach towards optimising the RP-LC separation of the 15 principal rooibos tea phenolics on a 1.8μm phase using conventional HPLC instrumentation was adopted. Kinetic plots were used to obtain the optimal configuration for the separation of the target analytes within reasonable analysis times. Simultaneous optimisation of temperature and gradient conditions provided complete separation of these rooibos phenolics on a 1.8μm C18 phase within 37. min. The optimised HPLC-DAD method was validated and successfully applied in the quantitative analysis of aqueous infusions of unfermented and fermented rooibos. Major phenolic constituents of fermented rooibos were found to be a phenylpropanoid phenylpyruvic acid glucoside (PPAG), the dihydrochalcone C-glycoside aspalathin, the flavones isoorientin and orientin, and a flavonol O-diglycoside tentatively identified as quercetin-3- O-robinobioside. Content values for PPAG, ferulic acid and quercetin-3- O-robinobioside in rooibos are reported here for the first time. Mass spectrometric (MS) and tandem MS detection were used to tentatively identify 13 additional phenolic compounds in rooibos infusions, including a new luteolin-6- C-pentoside-8- C-hexoside and a novel C-8-hexosyl derivative of aspalathin reported here for the first time. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	High performance liquid chromatography; Kinetic plots; Mass spectrometry; Phenolic compounds; Rooibos tea	Ferulic acids; HPLC-DAD; Isoorientin; Kinetic plots; Limited resolution; Optimal configurations; Optimisations; Phenolic composition; Phenolic compounds; Phenolics; Phenylpropanoids; Protective effects; Quantitative data; Reversed phase; Rooibos tea; Tandem MS; Target analytes; Chromatography; Fatty acids; High performance liquid chromatography; Kinetics; Liquids; Mass spectrometry; Optimization; Separation; Sugars; Phenols; aspalathin; ferulic acid; isoorientin; orientin; phenol derivative; phenylpropanoid phenylpyruvic acid glucoside; quercetin 3 o robinobioside; unclassified drug; aqueous solution; article; Aspalathus; Aspalathus linearis; controlled study; fermentation; high performance liquid chromatography; kinetics; mass spectrometry; nonhuman; priority journal; process optimization; quantitative analysis; reversed phase liquid chromatography; rooibos tea; tandem mass spectrometry; tea; temperature; validation study; Aspalathus; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; Flavonoids; Glycosides; Kinetics; Linear Models; Phenols; Plant Extracts; Reproducibility of Results; Temperature; Aspalathus linearis	None
None	None	Optimization of a reversed-phase-high-performance thin-layer chromatography method for the separation of isoniazid, ethambutol, rifampicin and pyrazinamide in fixed-dose combination antituberculosis tablets	Shewiyo D.H., Kaale E., Risha P.G., Dejaegher B., Smeyers-Verbeke J., Vander Heyden Y.	2012	Journal of Chromatography A	1260	None	10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.044	Directorate of Laboratory Services, Tanzania Food and Drugs Authority, P.O. Box 77150, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65526, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology (FABI), Center for Pharmaceutical Research (CePhaR), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium	Shewiyo, D.H., Directorate of Laboratory Services, Tanzania Food and Drugs Authority, P.O. Box 77150, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65526, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology (FABI), Center for Pharmaceutical Research (CePhaR), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Kaale, E., School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65526, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Risha, P.G., School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65526, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Dejaegher, B., Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology (FABI), Center for Pharmaceutical Research (CePhaR), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Smeyers-Verbeke, J., Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology (FABI), Center for Pharmaceutical Research (CePhaR), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Vander Heyden, Y., Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology (FABI), Center for Pharmaceutical Research (CePhaR), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium	This paper presents the development of a new RP-HPTLC method for the separation of pyrazinamide, isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol in a four fixed-dose combination (4 FDC) tablet formulation. It is a single method with two steps in which after plate development pyrazinamide, isoniazid and rifampicin are detected at an UV wavelength of 280nm. Then ethambutol is derivatized and detected at a VIS wavelength of 450nm. Methanol, ethanol and propan-1-ol were evaluated modifiers to form alcohol-water mobile phases. Systematic optimization of the composition of each alcohol in the mobile phase was carried out using the window diagramming concept to obtain the best separation. Examination of the Rf distribution of the separated compounds showed that separation of the compounds with the mobile phase containing ethanol at the optimal fraction was almost situated within the optimal Rf-values region of 0.20-0.80. Therefore, ethanol was selected as organic modifier and the optimal mobile phase composition was found to be ethanol, water, glacial acetic acid (&gt;99% acetic acid) and 37% ammonia solution (70/30/5/1, v/v/v/v). The method is new, quick and cheap compared to the actual method in the International Pharmacopoeia for the assay of the 4 FDC tablets, which involves the use of two separate HPLC methods. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	Ethambutol; Isoniazid; Mobile phase optimization; Pyrazinamide; Reversed-phase HPTLC; Rifampicin	Ethambutol; Isoniazid; Mobile-phase optimization; Pyrazinamide; Reversed phase; Rifampicin; Acetic acid; Chromatography; Ethanol; Hydrazine; Methanol; Optimization; pH; Separation; Drug products; acetic acid; alcohol; ammonia; ethambutol; ethambutol plus isoniazid plus pyrazinamide plus rifampicin; isoniazid; methanol; propanol; pyrazinamide; rifampicin; water; analytic method; article; chemical composition; derivatization; drug structure; high performance thin layer chromatography; priority journal; reversed phase high performance thin layer chromatography; tablet formulation; ultraviolet radiation; Antitubercular Agents; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Ethambutol; Ethanol; Isoniazid; Pyrazinamide; Reproducibility of Results; Rifampin; Tablets	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875499176	Comprehensive high temperature two-dimensional liquid chromatography combined with high temperature gradient chromatography-infrared spectroscopy for the analysis of impact polypropylene copolymers	Cheruthazhekatt S., Harding G.W., Pasch H.	2013	Journal of Chromatography A	1286	None	10.1016/j.chroma.2013.02.052	Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, 7602 Matieland, South Africa; Sasol Polymers, Midland Factory, Bergius Street, Sasolburg 321, South Africa	Cheruthazhekatt, S., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, 7602 Matieland, South Africa; Harding, G.W., Sasol Polymers, Midland Factory, Bergius Street, Sasolburg 321, South Africa; Pasch, H., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, 7602 Matieland, South Africa	Impact polypropylene copolymers (IPC) are extremely complex materials that can only be effectively analysed by multidimensional analytical approaches. IPC consists of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) as the major phase, ethylene-propylene (EP) copolymers of various compositions and small amounts of polyethylene. The molecular heterogeneity of two IPC samples having different ethylene contents was studied by using a novel cross-fractionation technique, developed from a combination of various analytical separation methods into an effective characterisation tool for complex polyolefins. The initial step involves the fractionation of the sample into EP rubber, EP segmented copolymer, and iPP, by preparative temperature rising elution fractionation (TREF). The resulting fractions are still distributed with regards to chemical composition and molar mass. The separation with respect to these parameters is conducted by comprehensive HT 2D-LC. This is the first time that the individual components in all TREF fractions of an IPC are separated and analysed mutidimensionally, by both SEC-FTIR, high-temperature (HT) HPLC-FTIR, and HT 2D-LC. Molar mass analysis of the chemically homogeneous fractions from HT HPLC is accomplished by HT SEC in the second dimension of HT 2D-LC. The chemical composition of all species is determined by coupling FTIR spectroscopy to HT HPLC via an LC-transform interface. This novel approach reveals the capability of this hyphenated technique to determine the exact chemical composition of the individual components in the complex TREF fractions of IPCs. The HT HPLC-FTIR results confirm the separation mechanism in the given chromatographic system using a 1-decanol to TCB solvent gradient and a Hypercarb stationary phase. The components of differing chemical composition are separated according to the nature and length of the propylene/ethylene segments, with their arrangement in the chains strongly affecting their adsorption/desorption on the stationary phase. FTIR analysis provides information on the ethylene and propylene contents of the fractions as well as on the ethylene and propylene crystallinities. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	High temperature two-dimensional chromatography (HT 2D-LC); HPLC-FTIR analysis; Impact polypropylene copolymer; TREF, HT-HPLC	High temperature gradient; HPLC-FTIR; Impact polypropylene copolymer; Isotactic poly(propylene) (iPP); Temperature-rising elution; TREF, HT-HPLC; Two-dimensional chromatography; Two-dimensional liquid chromatography; Copolymers; Ethylene; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Fractionation; Liquid chromatography; Propylene; Two dimensional; Polypropylenes; copolymer; decanol; ethylene; ethylene propylene; polyethylene; polyolefin; polypropylene; rubber; solvent; unclassified drug; adsorption; article; chemical composition; chemical parameters; chemical procedures; desorption; high performance liquid chromatography; high temperature gradient chromatography infrared spectroscopy; high temperature two dimensional liquid chromatography; infrared spectroscopy; liquid chromatography; molecular weight; priority journal; temperature rising elution fractionation; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Ethylenes; Hot Temperature; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Polypropylenes; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876329990	Systematic optimisation and evaluation of on-line, off-line and stop-flow comprehensive hydrophilic interaction chromatography × reversed phase liquid chromatographic analysis of procyanidins, Part I: Theoretical considerations	Kalili K.M., De Villiers A.	2013	Journal of Chromatography A	1289	None	10.1016/j.chroma.2013.03.008	Stellenbosch University, Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Kalili, K.M., Stellenbosch University, Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; De Villiers, A., Stellenbosch University, Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC × LC) provides significantly improved separation for complex real-life samples. LC × LC can be performed in one of three different ways, using on-line, off-line, or stop-flow configurations. We have previously shown how off-line comprehensive hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) × reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) provides a powerful separation system for procyanidins (PCs), one of the most complex fractions of natural phenolics. In the current contribution, a systematic approach for the optimisation and evaluation of each of the LC × LC methodologies is presented using HILIC × RP-LC analysis of PCs as application. Optimisation was performed using the peak capacities of individual one-dimensional separations measured for different gradient times and flow rates and their combination in each of the three LC × LC modes by taking into account the effects of first dimension under-sampling, the degree of orthogonality between the two dimensions and additional band broadening associated with stop-flow analysis. The performance of all three methods is compared in terms of practical peak capacities, analysis times and peak production rates. One-dimensional LC provided the best performance for separations requiring relatively low peak capacities, whereas the on-line LC × LC system was advantageous for required practical peak capacities up to ~600. For higher resolution, the off-line or stop-flow systems should be used. Especially noteworthy is the fact that, due to slow diffusion of PCs, the contribution of stop-flow to first dimension band broadening was negligible for stop-flow times of up to 15. min. In a separate contribution, the experimental verification of the findings of this study will be reported. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC×LC); Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC); Off-line; On-line; Procyanidins; Stop-flow	Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography; Hydrophilic interaction chromatography; Off-line; On-line; Procyanidins; Stop-flow; Flavonoids; Optimization; Two dimensional; Liquid chromatography; catechin; epicatechin; procyanidin derivative; article; cacao; diffusion; flow rate; hydrophilic interaction chromatography; intermethod comparison; mathematical analysis; nonhuman; online system; priority journal; process optimization; reversed phase liquid chromatography; separation technique; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Models, Theoretical; Proanthocyanidins	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876320596	Systematic optimisation and evaluation of on-line, off-line and stop-flow comprehensive hydrophilic interaction chromatography × reversed phase liquid chromatographic analysis of procyanidins. Part II: Application to cocoa procyanidins	Kalili K.M., De Villiers A.	2013	Journal of Chromatography A	1289	None	10.1016/j.chroma.2013.03.009	Stellenbosch University, Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Kalili, K.M., Stellenbosch University, Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; De Villiers, A., Stellenbosch University, Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Procyanidins present a severe analytical challenge due to their structural complexity and diversity. Comprehensive two-dimensional hydrophilic interaction chromatography × reversed-phase liquid chromatography (HILIC × RP-LC) provides a highly efficient separation system for procyanidins. In the first part of this contribution a systematic approach for the optimisation and evaluation of HILIC × RP-LC analyses in on-line, off-line and stop-flow modes was presented. The three systems were compared in terms of peak capacity, the number of peaks produced per unit time as well as the total analysis time required to carry out such analyses by taking under-sampling, degree of orthogonality and stop-flow band-broadening into account. In this paper, the experimental verification of these findings using cocoa procyanidins as an application is presented. The results show that while optimisation procedures based on theoretical considerations remain largely valid in practice, several important experimental considerations should also be taken into account to achieve maximum performance in all three modes of HILIC × RP-LC. On-line analysis provides an effective tool for the screening of procyanidin content within reasonable times, provided that under-sampling of first dimension peaks is minimised. Off-line- and stop-flow HILIC × RP-LC analyses on the other hand are more suited for the detailed analysis of complex procyanidin fractions, with the latter being shown to be a promising automated alternative providing the same performance as the off-line approach. Experimental data presented verify the conclusion that stop-flow operation has a negligible effect on first dimension band broadening under the optimised experimental conditions used. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Cocoa; Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC×LC); Off-line; On-line; Procyanidins; Stop-flow	Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography; Off-line; On-line; Procyanidins; Stop-flow; Cocoa; Liquid chromatography; Optimization; Two dimensional; Flavonoids; catechin; epicatechin; procyanidin derivative; article; chemical analysis; chemical structure; controlled study; hydrophilic interaction chromatography; intermethod comparison; nonhuman; online system; priority journal; process optimization; reversed phase liquid chromatography; separation technique; Cacao; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; Proanthocyanidins; Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928060380	Monitoring of atmospheric gaseous and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in South African platinum mines utilising portable denuder sampling with analysis by thermal desorption-comprehensive gas chromatography-mass spectrometry	Geldenhuys G., Rohwer E.R., Naudé Y., Forbes P.B.C.	2015	Journal of Chromatography A	1380	None	10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.062	Laboratory for Separation Science, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria, South Africa; Mineral Processing Laboratory, Impala Platinum Limited, 123 Bethlehem Drive, Rustenburg, South Africa	Geldenhuys, G., Laboratory for Separation Science, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria, South Africa, Mineral Processing Laboratory, Impala Platinum Limited, 123 Bethlehem Drive, Rustenburg, South Africa; Rohwer, E.R., Laboratory for Separation Science, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria, South Africa; Naudé, Y., Laboratory for Separation Science, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria, South Africa; Forbes, P.B.C., Laboratory for Separation Science, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria, South Africa	Concentrations of diesel particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in platinum mine environments are likely to be higher than in ambient air due to the use of diesel machinery in confined environments. Airborne PAHs may be present in gaseous or particle phases each of which has different human health impacts due to their ultimate fate in the body. Here we report on the simultaneous sampling of both phases of airborne PAHs for the first time in underground platinum mines in South Africa, which was made possible by employing small, portable denuder sampling devices consisting of two polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) multi-channel traps connected in series separated by a quartz fibre filter, which only require small, battery operated portable personal sampling pumps for air sampling. Thermal desorption coupled with comprehensive gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC×GC-TofMS) was used to analyse denuder samples taken in three different platinum mines. The samples from a range of underground environments revealed that PAHs were predominantly found in the gas phase with naphthalene and mono-methylated naphthalene derivatives being detected at the highest concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 18μgm-3. The particle bound PAHs were found in the highest concentrations at the idling load haul dump vehicle exhausts with a dominance of fluoranthene and pyrene. Particle associated PAH concentrations ranged from 0.47 to 260ngm-3 and included benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene and benzo[ghi]perylene. This work highlights the need to characterise both phases in order to assess occupational exposure to PAHs in this challenging sampling environment. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Denuder; Diesel exhaust emissions; Diesel particulate matter; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Polydimethylsiloxane; Underground platinum mines	Aromatic compounds; Aromatic hydrocarbons; Aromatization; Chromatography; Desorption; Gas chromatography; Hydrocarbons; Machinery; Mass spectrometry; Naphthalene; Platinum; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Polydimethylsiloxane; Pyrene; Quartz; Silicones; Spectrometry; Thermal desorption; Denuders; Diesel exhaust emissions; Diesel particulate matters; Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; Naphthalene derivatives; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHS); Polydimethylsiloxane PDMS; Underground environment; Platinum mines; dimeticone; naphthalene derivative; platinum; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; air pollutant; exhaust gas; particulate matter; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; Article; calibration; concentration response; degradation; desorption; environmental exposure; environmental monitoring; mass fragmentography; mining; particulate matter; principal component analysis; quantitative analysis; South Africa; thermal desorption comprehensive gas chromatography mass spectrometry; thermostability; ubiquitination; workshop; air pollutant; analysis; devices; exhaust gas; human; mass fragmentography; mining; procedures; Air Pollutants, Occupational; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Mining; Particulate Matter; Platinum; Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; South Africa; Vehicle Emissions	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922781289	Isolation of aspalathin and nothofagin from rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) using high-performance countercurrent chromatography: Sample loading and compound stability considerations	de Beer D., Malherbe C.J., Beelders T., Willenburg E.L., Brand D.J., Joubert E.	2015	Journal of Chromatography A	1381	None	10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.078	Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Food Science Department, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch), South Africa; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Central Analytical Facility, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch), South Africa	de Beer, D., Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Malherbe, C.J., Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Beelders, T., Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, South Africa, Food Science Department, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch), South Africa; Willenburg, E.L., Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Brand, D.J., Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Central Analytical Facility, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch), South Africa; Joubert, E., Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, South Africa, Food Science Department, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch), South Africa	Aspalathin and nothofagin, the major dihydrochalcones in rooibos (Aspalathus linearis), are valuable bioactive compounds, but their bioactivity has not been fully elucidated. Isolation of these compounds using high-performance countercurrent chromatography (HPCCC), a gentle, support-free, up-scalable technique, offers an alternative to synthesis for obtaining sufficient amounts. An HPLC-DAD method was adapted to allow rapid (16min from injection to injection) quantification of the four major compounds (aspalathin, nothofagin, isoorientin, orientin) during development of the isolation protocol. The traditional shake-flask method, used to determine distribution constants (KD) for target compounds, was also adapted to obtain higher repeatability. Green rooibos leaves with a high aspalathin and nothofagin content were selected as source material. Sample loading of the polyphenol-enriched extract was limited due to constituents with emulsifying properties, but could be increased by removing ethanol-insoluble matter. Furthermore, problems with degradation of aspalathin during HPCCC separation and further processing could be limited by acidifying the HPCCC solvent system. Aspalathin was shown to be fairly stable at pH 3 (91% remaining after 29h) compared to pH 7 (45% remaining after 29h). Aspalathin and nothofagin with high purities (99% and 100%, respectively) were obtained from HPCCC fractions after semi-preparative HPLC. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Aspalathin; Countercurrent chromatography; Nothofagin; Rooibos; Sample stability; Semi-preparative HPLC	Chromatography; Emulsification; Liquid chromatography; Aspalathin; Countercurrent chromatography; Nothofagin; Rooibos; Semi-preparative HPLC; Loading; alcohol; aspalathin; chemical compound; isoorientin; nothofagin; orientin; phenol derivative; polyphenol; unclassified drug; aspalathin; chalcone derivative; flavonoid; glucoside; luteolin; nothofagin; plant extract; Article; chemical procedures; controlled study; counter current chromatography; degradation kinetics; diode array detection; emulsion; high performance countercurrent chromatography; high performance liquid chromatography; measurement repeatability; pH measurement; phase separation; structure analysis; Aspalathus; chemistry; counter current chromatography; electrospray mass spectrometry; isolation and purification; plant leaf; Aspalathus linearis; Aspalathus; Chalcones; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Countercurrent Distribution; Flavonoids; Glucosides; Luteolin; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Polyphenols; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904786285	Effect of cutting edge preparation of coated tools on their performance in milling various materials	Bouzakis K.D., Bouzakis E., Kombogiannis S., Makrimallakis S., Skordaris G., Michailidis N., Charalampous P., Paraskevopoulou R., M'Saoubi R., Aurich J.C., Barthelmä F., Biermann D., Denkena B., Dimitrov D., Engin S., Karpuschewski B., Klocke F., Özel T.,	2014	CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology	7	3	10.1016/j.cirpj.2014.05.003	Laboratory for Machine Tools and Manufacturing Engineering, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Fraunhofer Project Center Coatings in Manufacturing, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece; Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Aachen, Germany; R and D Materials and Technology Development, Seco Tools AB, Fagersta, Sweden; Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Production Systems, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany; GFE - Gesellschaft für Fertigungstechnik und Entwicklung Schmalkalden e.V., Schmalkalden, Germany; Institute of Machining Technology, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany; Institute of Production Engineering and Machine Tools, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany; Rapid Product Development Laboratory, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Pratt and Whitney Canada Corp., Longueuil, QC, Canada; Institute of Manufacturing Technology and Quality Management, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering (WZL), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States; Arts et Metiers ParisTech, LaBoMaP, Cluny, France; Laboratory for Tribology and Systems Dynamics, ENISE, Saint-Etienne, France; Wbk Institute of Production Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; Department of Management and Production Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy; TechSolve, Inc., Cincinnati, OH, United States; Inspire AG, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Research Centre for Manufacturing Technology, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic	Bouzakis, K.D., Laboratory for Machine Tools and Manufacturing Engineering, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Project Center Coatings in Manufacturing, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Aachen, Germany; Bouzakis, E., Laboratory for Machine Tools and Manufacturing Engineering, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Project Center Coatings in Manufacturing, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Aachen, Germany; Kombogiannis, S., Laboratory for Machine Tools and Manufacturing Engineering, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Project Center Coatings in Manufacturing, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Aachen, Germany; Makrimallakis, S., Laboratory for Machine Tools and Manufacturing Engineering, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Project Center Coatings in Manufacturing, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Aachen, Germany; Skordaris, G., Laboratory for Machine Tools and Manufacturing Engineering, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Project Center Coatings in Manufacturing, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Aachen, Germany; Michailidis, N., Laboratory for Machine Tools and Manufacturing Engineering, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Project Center Coatings in Manufacturing, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Aachen, Germany; Charalampous, P., Laboratory for Machine Tools and Manufacturing Engineering, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Project Center Coatings in Manufacturing, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Aachen, Germany; Paraskevopoulou, R., Laboratory for Machine Tools and Manufacturing Engineering, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; M'Saoubi, R., R and D Materials and Technology Development, Seco Tools AB, Fagersta, Sweden; Aurich, J.C., Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Production Systems, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany; Barthelmä, F., GFE - Gesellschaft für Fertigungstechnik und Entwicklung Schmalkalden e.V., Schmalkalden, Germany; Biermann, D., Institute of Machining Technology, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany; Denkena, B., Institute of Production Engineering and Machine Tools, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany; Dimitrov, D., Rapid Product Development Laboratory, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Engin, S., Pratt and Whitney Canada Corp., Longueuil, QC, Canada; Karpuschewski, B., Institute of Manufacturing Technology and Quality Management, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Klocke, F., Fraunhofer Project Center Coatings in Manufacturing, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Aachen, Germany, Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering (WZL), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Özel, T., Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States; Poulachon, G., Arts et Metiers ParisTech, LaBoMaP, Cluny, France; Rech, J., Laboratory for Tribology and Systems Dynamics, ENISE, Saint-Etienne, France; Schulze, V., Wbk Institute of Production Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; Settineri, L., Department of Management and Production Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy; Srivastava, A., TechSolve, Inc., Cincinnati, OH, United States; Wegener, K., Inspire AG, Zurich, Switzerland; Uhlmann, E., Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Zeman, P., Research Centre for Manufacturing Technology, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic	The cutting edges of coated tools are commonly treated in separate production steps during tool manufacturing. Various methods can be employed, focusing on the cutting edge strengthening by its rounding or by more complicated geometries including chamfer and optimized tool wedge radius and angles. The efficiency of diverse cutting edge preparations on the wear behaviour of coated tools, in milling different materials, was investigated in the framework of a cooperative project of the Scientific Committee "Cutting" of the International Academy for Production Engineering (CIRP). In this activity twenty academic and industrial partners were involved according to a predefined project plan. © 2014 CIRP.	Coatings; Cutting; Cutting edge preparation	Coated materials; Coatings; Cutting; Milling (machining); Coated tools; Complicated geometry; Cutting Edge Preparation; Cutting edges; Industrial partners; Project plans; Tool manufacturing; Wear behaviours; Cutting tools	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054840537	Evaluation of CD103 (αEβ7) integrin expression by CD8 T cells in blood as a surrogate marker to predict cervical T cell responses in the female genital tract during HIV infection	Kiravu A., Gumbi P., Mkhize N.N., Olivier A., Denny L., Passmore J.-A.	2011	Clinical Immunology	141	2	10.1016/j.clim.2011.06.008	Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa; Dept Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Services, Cape Town, South Africa	Kiravu, A., Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa; Gumbi, P., Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa; Mkhize, N.N., Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa; Olivier, A., Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa; Denny, L., Dept Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Passmore, J.-A., Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa, National Health Laboratory Services, Cape Town, South Africa	Mucosal homing receptors expressed by blood T cells may be useful surrogates for measuring mucosal T cell immune responses at the site of HIV transmission. Here, we investigated whether HIV-specific responses by T cells expressing the mucosal integrin receptor CD103 in blood reliably predicted corresponding HIV-specific responses at the cervix. The frequency of CD8+ T cells expressing CD103 in blood correlated significantly with the number of CD103. +. CD8+ T cells from the cervix suggesting that CD103 was involved in trafficking of T cells from blood to the cervical mucosa. TGF-β concentrations in plasma were significantly associated with the frequency of CD103 expression by blood but not cervical CD8 T cells. The majority of Gag-responsive CD8 T cells were CD103+ in both blood and at the cervix. Despite this, the magnitude of Gag-specific IFN-γ responses by CD103. +. CD8+ T cells in blood did not predict similar Gag-specific responses at the cervix. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.	CD103; CD8; HIV; Mucosal homing; TGF	CD103 antigen; Gag protein; gamma interferon; interleukin 10; interleukin 1beta; interleukin 8; transforming growth factor beta; tumor necrosis factor alpha; adult; antigen expression; article; CD8+ T lymphocyte; cell migration; cellular immunity; clinical article; controlled study; cytokine production; disease marker; female; human; human cell; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; lymphocyte count; priority journal; uterine cervix; uterine cervix mucosa; virus load; Adult; Antigens, CD; Biological Markers; Body Fluids; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cervix Uteri; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; Cytokines; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Products, gag; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Immunity, Mucosal; Immunologic Memory; Integrin alpha Chains; Interferon-gamma; Organ Specificity; T-Lymphocyte Subsets; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Viral Load	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871439914	Neurophysiological, behavioural and perceptual differences between wrist flexion and extension related to sensorimotor monitoring as shown by corticomuscular coherence	Divekar N.V., John L.R.	2013	Clinical Neurophysiology	124	1	10.1016/j.clinph.2012.07.019	MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Anzio Rd, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa	Divekar, N.V., MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Anzio Rd, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa; John, L.R., MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Anzio Rd, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa	Objective: To investigate the effects of neurophysiological, behavioural and perceptual differences between wrist flexion and extension movements, on their corticomuscular coherence (CMC) levels. Methods: CMC was calculated between simultaneously recorded electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) measures from fifteen healthy subjects who performed 10 repetitions of alternating isometric wrist flexion and extension tasks at 15% of their maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) torque levels. Task precision was calculated from torque recordings. Subjects rated the perceived difficulty levels for both tasks. Results: Flexors had significantly lower; peak beta CMC, peak frequency, frequency width, normalised EMG beta power, torque fluctuation (<5. Hz and beta band) and perceived difficulty ratings; but higher MVC and precision compared to extensors. EEG alpha and beta powers were non-different between flexion and extension. Conclusions: An inverse relationship between CMC and motor precision was found in our inter-muscle study, contrary to the direct relationship found in a prior intra-muscle study. Functional suitability, long term usage adaptation and lower perceived difficulty of wrist flexion may explain the results. Significance: We extend the CMC literature to include the clinically different, antagonistic wrist flexors and extensors and add to the debate relating CMC and motor precision by positing the confounding effect of perceived difficulty. © 2012 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology.	Corticomuscular coherence; Perceived difficulty; Precision; Wrist extension; Wrist flexion	accuracy; adult; article; behavior; calculation; corticomuscular coherence; electroencephalography; electromyography; human; human experiment; isometrics; joint function; male; muscle contraction; nervous system parameters; neurophysiology; normal human; perception; priority journal; torque; wrist; Adult; Alpha Rhythm; Behavior; Beta Rhythm; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Electroencephalography; Electromyography; Electrooculography; Electrophysiological Phenomena; Forearm; Humans; Isometric Contraction; Male; Motor Cortex; Movement; Muscle, Skeletal; Perception; Psychomotor Performance; Wrist; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930526201	The impact of vitamin D on the innate immune response to uropathogenic Escherichia coli during pregnancy	Ramos N.L., Sekikubo M., Kironde F., Mirembe F., Sääf M., Brauner A.	2015	Clinical Microbiology and Infection	21	5	10.1016/j.cmi.2014.12.010	Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden	Ramos, N.L., Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Sekikubo, M., Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Kironde, F., Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Mirembe, F., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Sääf, M., Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden; Brauner, A., Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden	Urinary tract infections are highly common during pregnancy, and can cause serious complications for the mother and baby. Vitamin D, predominantly obtained from the sunlight, is known to have an effect on the urothelium, with immunomodulatory capacity against Escherichia coli infection. However, its influence at this site remains to be further explored. This study therefore investigated its impact during pregnancy in a population of women who have the possibility of adequate year-round sun exposure. Serum from pregnant Ugandan women (n=32) in each trimester of pregnancy, from women after delivery (n=29) and from never-pregnant controls (n=25) was collected. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), cathelicidin LL-37, human β-defensin 2, interleukin (IL)-8 and soluble CD14 serum concentrations were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay or ELISA. The ability of serum to inhibit E.coli growth was tested. The immunomodulatory capacities of these serum samples and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D<inf>3</inf> were investigated in urothelial cells. Increases in 25-OHD and LL-37 levels were observed as pregnancy progressed, peaking in the third trimester. Serum 25-OHD levels were higher in multigravidae than in primigravidae, and correlated positively with maternal age. IL-8 levels were lower in the third trimester than in the first trimester, increased after delivery, but remained below those of never-pregnant women. Similarly, soluble CD14 concentrations increased after delivery. As gestation advanced, serum had an increased capacity to inhibit E.coli growth. Invitro, it modulated the IL-8 response to infection in a vitamin D concentration-dependent manner. Our findings demonstrate that increasing vitamin D levels as pregnancy advances modulate the innate immune system towards a protective response to infection. © 2014 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.	25-hydroxyvitamin D; Escherichia coli; Interleukin-8; LL-37; Pregnancy; Urinary tract infection	25 hydroxyvitamin D; beta defensin 2; calcitriol; cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide LL 37; CD14 antigen; interleukin 8; vitamin D; adult; Article; bacterial growth; bladder epithelium; blood level; chemoluminescence; clinical article; controlled study; delivery; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; female; first trimester pregnancy; growth inhibition; human; human cell; immunomodulation; in vitro study; innate immunity; maternal age; multigravida; nonhuman; pregnancy; primigravida; priority journal; sun exposure; third trimester pregnancy; Ugandan; uropathogenic Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli	None
WoS	WOS:000297893800023	Assessing the impact of educational campaigns on controlling HCV among women in prison settings	Bhunu, C. P.,Mushayabasa, S.,Smith, Robert J.	2012	COMMUNICATIONS IN NONLINEAR SCIENCE AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION	17	4	10.1016/j.cnsns.2011.08.024	University of Ottawa, University of Zimbabwe, National University of Science & Technology - Zimbabwe, Natl Univ Sci & Technol	"Bhunu, C. P.: University of Zimbabwe",	Prior studies have shown that imprisonment is a major risk factor for hepatitis C infection, with the risk of infection directly proportional to the length of incarceration. Women are at least twice as likely as men to contract HCV as they have limited access to information, health services and safe intravenous drug injecting equipments. We develop a mathematical model to assess the impact of educational campaigns on controlling HCV among women in prison settings. Equilibria for the model are determined and their stability are examined. Population-level effects of increased educational campaigns to encourage safe injecting practices among women in prison are evaluated through numerical simulations. The results suggest that educating women prisoners about abstaining from intravenous drug misuse may significantly reduce HCV prevalence among women in prison settings. Targeted education campaigns, which are effective at stopping transmission of HCV more than 80% of the time, will be highly effective at controlling the disease among women in prisons. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	"educational campaigns",HCV,"reproductive number","SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS","women prisoners",ANTIBODIES,B-VIRUS,"DISEASE TRANSMISSION","HEPATITIS-C VIRUS",HIV,HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS,INFECTION,MODELS,PREVALENCE,RISK	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846933528	Quantitative evaluation of minerals in coal deposits in the Witbank and Highveld Coalfields, and the potential impact on acid mine drainage	Pinetown K.L., Ward C.R., van der Westhuizen W.A.	2007	International Journal of Coal Geology	70	1-3 SPEC. ISS.	10.1016/j.coal.2006.02.013	CSIRO Petroleum, P. O. Box 136, North Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia; Department of Geology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Pinetown, K.L., CSIRO Petroleum, P. O. Box 136, North Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia; Ward, C.R., School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia; van der Westhuizen, W.A., Department of Geology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	This study has investigated the quantitative distribution of minerals in coals and other lithological units in the coal-bearing successions of the Witbank and Highveld Coalfields in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa, using low-temperature oxygen-plasma ashing (LTA), high temperature ashing, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry techniques. Mineral matter makes up approximately 8 to 35 wt.% of the coal samples. SiO2 concentrations in the coal vary between 0.0 and 35.0 wt.%, Al2O3 between 0.5 and 16.0 wt.%, Fe2O3 between 0.03 and 10.0 wt.%, and S between 0.15 and 8.0 wt.%. Minor concentrations of CaO (0.0 to 8.0 wt.%) and MgO (0.0 to 1.0 wt.%) are also present. P2O5 occurs in concentrations of 0.0 to 3.5 wt.% and K2O is in the order of 0.0 to 1.3 wt.%. Na2O varies between 0.0 and 0.45 wt.%, with the Highveld coals showing an enrichment in Na2O (0.0 to 0.51 wt.%) in comparison with the Witbank coals. The minerals in the coals are dominated by quartz and kaolinite, with varying proportions of calcite, dolomite and pyrite, as well as accessory phosphate phases. Higher (normalised) K2O and Na2O concentrations are present in the sandstones than in the associated siltstones and carbonaceous shales, partly reflecting the presence of feldspars and clay minerals such as illite. Acid-base accounting was used to investigate the potential of the coal and coal-bearing units to produce acid mine drainage conditions. According to the screening criteria, all the coal and coal-bearing units, except the unit between the No. 1 and No. 2 coal seams, are potentially acid generating. The average Net Neutralising Potential (NNP) values suggest that the No. 5 coal seam, the No. 4 Upper coal seam, and the unit between the No. 4 and No. 2 coal seams are potentially acid generating. With such techniques it is possible to predict the types of situations that might arise concerning groundwater quality, and implement proper prevention or remediation programs. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Acid mine drainage; Coal mineralogy; Low-temperature ashing; X-ray diffraction; X-ray fluorescence	Acid mine drainage; Coal mineralogy; Low-temperature oxygen-plasma ashing; Clay minerals; Coal mines; Feldspar; Geochemistry; Lithology; Mineralogy; Quartz; Sandstone; X ray diffraction analysis; Coal deposits; acid mine drainage; coal mine; coal seam; lithology; mineral deposit; mineralogy; phosphate; quantitative analysis; spectrometry; X-ray diffraction; Africa; Highveld Coalfield; Mpumalanga; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Witbank Coalfield	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67650753581	Incentive-based control of ad hoc networks: A performance study	Göbel J., Krzesinski A., Mandjes M.	2009	Computer Networks	53	14	10.1016/j.comnet.2009.04.010	Department of Informatics, University of Hamburg, Vogt-Kölln-Str. 30, 22527 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, 7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa; Korteweg-de Vries Institute for Mathematics, University of Amsterdam, Plantage Muidergracht 24, 1018 TV Amsterdam, Netherlands	Göbel, J., Department of Informatics, University of Hamburg, Vogt-Kölln-Str. 30, 22527 Hamburg, Germany; Krzesinski, A., Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, 7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa; Mandjes, M., Korteweg-de Vries Institute for Mathematics, University of Amsterdam, Plantage Muidergracht 24, 1018 TV Amsterdam, Netherlands	Ad hoc networks are self-configuring networks of mobile nodes, connected by wireless links. If a destination node is beyond the transmission range of an origin node, then the nodes must cooperate to provide a multi-hop route. Any node can act as a sender, receiver or transit node. It is clear that it is in a node's interest to be a sender or receiver, but it is less clear what the value is of forwarding traffic on behalf of other nodes. The nodes should therefore be given incentives to act as transit nodes, otherwise the network would fail to function. A way to do so is by introducing for each node a credit balance, where nodes use credits to pay for the costs of sending their own traffic, and earn credits by forwarding traffic from other nodes. However, nodes that are located near the edge of the network will attract little transit traffic and earn few credits. In contrast, nodes located near the centroid of the network will attract transit traffic and earn credits. We investigate various ways of providing nodes near the edge of the network with preferential treatment in order to improve their credit balance and their throughputs. We next focus on the situation where each node can move to improve its utility expressed in terms of either credit balance or throughput. Here radio interference plays an important role, as it defines an interesting trade-off: nodes may prefer to be close together in order to reduce the power needed to transmit data, but on the other hand proximity increases radio interference, and has therefore a negative effect on connectivity. Simulation experiments reveal that the positions of the nodes converge to non-trivial optimal positions on 2D and 3D surfaces. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Autonomous motion; Congestion pricing; Credit incentives; Credit redistribution; Incentives for collaboration; Mobile ad-hoc networks; Mobility models; Radio interference	Autonomous motion; Congestion pricing; Credit incentives; Credit redistribution; Incentives for collaboration; Mobility models; Electromagnetic compatibility; Electromagnetic pulse; Mobile ad hoc networks; Radar interference; Radio interference; Three dimensional; Throughput; Traffic congestion; Two dimensional; Wireless telecommunication systems; Ad hoc networks	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955655391	Comparing the results from various performance models of IEEE 802.11g DCF	Kritzinger P.S., Msiska H., Mundangepfupfu T., Pileggi P., Symington A.	2010	Computer Networks	54	10	10.1016/j.comnet.2010.01.003	Data Network Architectures Group, Computer Science Department, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Computing Laboratory, Oxford University, England, United Kingdom	Kritzinger, P.S., Data Network Architectures Group, Computer Science Department, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Msiska, H., Data Network Architectures Group, Computer Science Department, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Mundangepfupfu, T., Data Network Architectures Group, Computer Science Department, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Pileggi, P., Data Network Architectures Group, Computer Science Department, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Symington, A., Computing Laboratory, Oxford University, England, United Kingdom	IEEE 802.11 DCF is the most widely-used CSMA/CA access control mechanism. Recent analytic performance models for DCF have received acclaim for both their simplicity and reported accuracy. Most of these models share the assumptions of full single-hop connectivity among all stations, that DCF back-off may be modeled as a Markov process and that the network is saturated with traffic. In order to verify the accuracy of existing analytic models we developed a discrete-event simulator to record the performance of the DCF protocol and ensure that every detail of the standard is represented. Simultaneously we set up a hardware test bed to measure the same performance metrics in an environment that makes none of the simplifying assumptions of either the analytic models or the simulation. In the test bed, as in the simulator, we used the same physical parameter settings prescribed by the standard. As is the case for the analytic models we used, we subjected the simulator and the test bed to the same saturated workload for both basic and RTS/CTS access modes. Finally, we also implemented a non-saturating Markov Modulated Arrival Process (MMAP) workload model for our simulator to test the performance of DCF subject to more realistic internet traffic conditions. We describe both the simulator and the test bed in some detail in order to testify to the accuracy and detail of our results. The results show that the analytic models are mostly pessimistic for small numbers of nodes and optimistic for larger numbers of nodes. The performance measurements from the test bed, in turn, indicate that the simulation results are similarly optimistic when large numbers of nodes are concerned. Since the test bed uses an error-prone wireless channel, this latter result is, in principle, not surprising. The rate of deterioration in the actual performance is however something that is not widely known and is much more rapid than analytic models would suggest. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Distributed coordination function (DCF); IEEE 802.11; Medium access control (MAC); Simulation modelling; Wireless test bed; WLAN	Distributed coordination functions; IEEE 802.11s; Medium access control (MAC); Simulation modelling; Wireless test beds; WLAN; Equipment testing; Internet protocols; Markov processes; Security systems; Simulators; Standards; Telecommunication networks; Test facilities; Wireless local area networks (WLAN); Medium access control	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899857757	Integrating soil water monitoring technology and weather based crop modelling to provide improved decision support for sugarcane irrigation management	Paraskevopoulos A.L., Singels A.	2014	Computers and Electronics in Agriculture	105	None	10.1016/j.compag.2014.04.007	South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe 4300, South Africa	Paraskevopoulos, A.L., South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe 4300, South Africa; Singels, A., South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe 4300, South Africa	Various technologies exist to support scientific irrigation scheduling, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. Weather-based crop models are good at estimating evapotranspiration and future irrigation needs over large areas, while electronic soil water sensors are able to provide good estimates of soil water status at a given point. Synergy may be obtained by combining these technologies to enhance their usefulness for irrigation management. The objective of this study was to incorporate real-time field records of soil water status into a weather based sugarcane simulation system and to evaluate its use for supporting irrigation scheduling in 15 sugarcane fields in South Africa. Layered soil water status data from capacitance probes were converted to root zone available soil water content (ASWC) using linear scaling. Field specific calibration coefficients were derived from drainage and extraction patterns. An analysis of simulation outputs and observed cane yields suggested that yields were substantially below potential for seven out of the 15 fields. Two fields had prolonged periods of water stress due to under-irrigation, as reflected by the fact that yields from simulations based on measured soil water data were substantially below the potential yield. Yields in six fields were probably limited by poor husbandry as suggested by the fact that observed yields were well below simulated yields using measured soil water data. The system was demonstrated to commercial and small-scale farmers and extension officers during a series of workshops. The integrated system provides enhanced support for irrigation water management for sugarcane production. Farmers and extension specialists can understand the impact of irrigation practices on the soil water regime and its impact on crop growth and yield. This is a good basis for making adjustments to irrigation practices and for benchmarking crop performance and water use efficiency. It also has value for supporting irrigation scheduling decisions. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Cane yield; Capacitance sensor; Crop model; Irrigation scheduling; Soil water content; Weather data	Benchmarking; Capacitance; Crops; Decision support systems; Plants (botany); Scheduling; Sensors; Soil moisture; Water management; Water supply; Cane yield; Capacitance sensors; Crop model; Irrigation scheduling; Soil water content; Weather data; Irrigation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896348149	Automating fault tolerance in high-performance computational biological jobs using multi-agent approaches	Varghese B., McKee G., Alexandrov V.	2014	Computers in Biology and Medicine	48	1	10.1016/j.compbiomed.2014.02.005	School of Computer Science, University of St. Andrews, United Kingdom; Faculty of Computing and IT, Baze University, Nigeria; Barcelona Supercomputing Centre, Spain	Varghese, B., School of Computer Science, University of St. Andrews, United Kingdom; McKee, G., Faculty of Computing and IT, Baze University, Nigeria; Alexandrov, V., Barcelona Supercomputing Centre, Spain	Background: Large-scale biological jobs on high-performance computing systems require manual intervention if one or more computing cores on which they execute fail. This places not only a cost on the maintenance of the job, but also a cost on the time taken for reinstating the job and the risk of losing data and execution accomplished by the job before it failed. Approaches which can proactively detect computing core failures and take action to relocate the computing core[U+05F3]s job onto reliable cores can make a significant step towards automating fault tolerance. Method: This paper describes an experimental investigation into the use of multi-agent approaches for fault tolerance. Two approaches are studied, the first at the job level and the second at the core level. The approaches are investigated for single core failure scenarios that can occur in the execution of parallel reduction algorithms on computer clusters. A third approach is proposed that incorporates multi-agent technology both at the job and core level. Experiments are pursued in the context of genome searching, a popular computational biology application.Result: The key conclusion is that the approaches proposed are feasible for automating fault tolerance in high-performance computing systems with minimal human intervention. In a typical experiment in which the fault tolerance is studied, centralised and decentralised checkpointing approaches on an average add 90% to the actual time for executing the job. On the other hand, in the same experiment the multi-agent approaches add only 10% to the overall execution time. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Biological jobs; Checkpoint; Fault tolerance; High-performance computing; Multi-agents; Seamless execution	Bioinformatics; Core levels; Experiments; Fault tolerance; Multi agent systems; Biological jobs; Checkpoint; High-performance computing; Multi agent; Seamless execution; Fault tolerant computer systems; algorithm; article; automation; biology; computer; computer analysis; cost; decision making; experiment; genome; intelligence; priority journal; risk; simulation; technology; work; algorithm; computer program; human; theoretical model; Algorithms; Computational Biology; Humans; Models, Theoretical; Software	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953132065	Effects of computer-assisted instruction on performance of senior high school biology students in Ghana	Owusu K.A., Monney K.A., Appiah J.Y., Wilmot E.M.	2010	Computers and Education	55	2	10.1016/j.compedu.2010.04.001	Department of Science and Mathematics Education, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; School of Biological Sciences, Department of Entomology and Wildlife, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	Owusu, K.A., Department of Science and Mathematics Education, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Monney, K.A., School of Biological Sciences, Department of Entomology and Wildlife, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Appiah, J.Y., Department of Science and Mathematics Education, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Wilmot, E.M., Department of Science and Mathematics Education, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	This study investigated the comparative efficiency of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) and conventional teaching method in biology on senior high school students. A science class was selected in each of two randomly selected schools. The pretest-posttest non equivalent quasi experimental design was used. The students in the experimental group learned science concepts (cell cycle) through the CAI, whereas the students in the control group were taught the same concepts by the conventional approach. The conventional approach consisted of lecture, discussions and question and answer teaching methods. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to analyze students' pretest and posttests scores. The results indicated that students that were instructed by the conventional approach performed better on the posttest than those instructed by the CAI. However, the performance of low achievers within the experimental group improved after they were instructed by the CAI. Even though the CAI group did not perform better than the conventional approach group, the students in the CAI group perceived CAI to be interesting when they were interviewed. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Achievement; Cell cycle; Computer-assisted instruction; Conventional approach; ICT and senior high school	Cell cycle; Computer Assisted Instruction; Control groups; Conventional approach; Experimental design; Experimental groups; High school; High school students; Mann-Whitney U test; Teaching methods; Computer crime; Students; Computer aided instruction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-65549089282	Towards a framework for measuring end to end performance of land administration business processes - A case study	Chimhamhiwa D., Molen P.v.d., Mutanga O., Rugege D.	2009	Computers, Environment and Urban Systems	33	4	10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2009.04.001	University of KwaZulu Natal, Centre for Environment, Agriculture and Development (CEAD), Private Bag X 01, Scottsville 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; International Institute for Geo Information Management and Earth Observation (ITC), P.O. Box 6, 7500AA Enschede, Netherlands	Chimhamhiwa, D., University of KwaZulu Natal, Centre for Environment, Agriculture and Development (CEAD), Private Bag X 01, Scottsville 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Molen, P.v.d., International Institute for Geo Information Management and Earth Observation (ITC), P.O. Box 6, 7500AA Enschede, Netherlands; Mutanga, O., University of KwaZulu Natal, Centre for Environment, Agriculture and Development (CEAD), Private Bag X 01, Scottsville 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Rugege, D., University of KwaZulu Natal, Centre for Environment, Agriculture and Development (CEAD), Private Bag X 01, Scottsville 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Land administration delivery problems, particularly in developing countries, are generally systemic and complex. Requests in land administration are mostly delivered through business processes that run across multiple organizations. Since the delivery challenges go beyond the capabilities of single organizations to solve alone, a multi organizational approach is suggested to detect, assess and improve LA processes. This paper presents a conceptual model for measuring end to end performance of land administration systems based on cross-organizational business processes. The model, which is constructed on six measurement dimensions, is built on a case study of subdivision processes in six urban municipalities, across three developing countries. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Cross-organizational business processes, land administration; Performance measurement	Conceptual models; Cross-organizational business processes, land administration; Delivery problems; End-to-end performance; Multiple organizations; Performance measurement; Developing countries; administration; conceptual framework; developing world; land management; land use planning; performance assessment	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903942795	Nanofluid Viscosity: A simple model selection algorithm and parametric evaluation	Nwosu P.N., Meyer J., Sharifpur M.	2014	Computers and Fluids	101	None	10.1016/j.compfluid.2014.04.001	National Centre for Energy Research and Development, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Nwosu, P.N., National Centre for Energy Research and Development, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria, Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Meyer, J., Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Sharifpur, M., Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa	In this paper, a study is undertaken to investigate the degree of variability between empirical nanofluid viscosity data and the viscosity model predictions. It is seen that there is a high degree of variability in the compared data, which suggests that a wide range of constitutive factors need to be incorporated into the models in order to adequately account for the rheological behavior of nanofluids. A selection algorithm is also proposed as a simple but effective tool for the model selection process in different nanofluidic conditions/compositions; consequently the odds of redundancy are substantially reduced. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Algorithm; Model; Nanofluid; Viscosity	Algorithms; Models; Viscosity; Degree of variability; High degree of variability; Model Selection; Nanofluids; Rheological behaviors; Selection algorithm; Simple modeling; Viscosity modeling; Nanofluidics	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941759345	Damping characteristics of nanoclay filled hybrid laminates during medium velocity impact	Mohan T.P., Velmurugan R., Kanny K.	2015	Composites Part B: Engineering	82	None	10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.08.016	Composites Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa; Composites Technology Centre, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India	Mohan, T.P., Composites Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa; Velmurugan, R., Composites Technology Centre, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India; Kanny, K., Composites Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa	The objective of this paper is to study the vibrational damping characteristics during medium velocity impact of nanoclay filled glass fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid laminates. A series of laminates with varying degree of nanoclay concentration (0-5 wt.%) and fiber weight fraction (25-75 wt.%) were prepared by vacuum assisted resin infusion molding (VARIM) method. The laminates were subjected to medium velocity projectile impact using in-house built gas gun set-up and the ballistic limit of laminates series was determined. The result indicated that during impact, the laminate undergoes vibrational damping. This damping property is a function of fiber weight fraction and orientation, nanoclay concentration and nanocomposite structure. A 42% increase of ballistic limit was observed for 5 wt.% nanoclay filled hybrid (50 wt.% fiber) when compared with unfilled composite. Structural and modal analysis of hybrids showed that the increased ballistic limit of nanoclay filled hybrids is due to the nanocomposite structure and improved damping and fracture properties. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.	A. Laminates; A. Nano-structures; B. Impact behavior; B. Vibration	Ballistics; Damping; Fibers; Modal analysis; Nanocomposites; Nanostructured materials; Nanostructures; Paper laminates; B. Vibration; Damping characteristics; Glass fiber-reinforced epoxy; Impact behavior; Nano-composite structure; Nanoclay concentrations; Vacuum assisted resin infusion moldings; Vibrational damping; Laminates	76460, Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology; DST, Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941313442	Performance of concrete-filled double-skin circular tubes in compression	Essopjee Y., Dundu M.	2015	Composite Structures	133	None	10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.08.033	University of Johannesburg, Department of Civil Engineering Science, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, South Africa	Essopjee, Y., University of Johannesburg, Department of Civil Engineering Science, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, South Africa; Dundu, M., University of Johannesburg, Department of Civil Engineering Science, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, South Africa	Tests were conducted on 32 concrete-filled double-skin circular tube (CFDSCT) columns. The CFDSCT columns were loaded in axial compression until failure. The parameters that were varied were the lengths, diameters and strength of the outer steel tubes. The lengths ranged from 1.0-2.5 m, in half a metre increments. The CFDSCTs of 1 m lengths, failed by yielding of the steel tubes. All the other CFDSCTs failed by overall buckling due to their large slenderness. Using the philosophy in the South African standard (SANS 10162-1) and Eurocode 4 (EN 1994-1-1), new formulas were developed to predict the results of the strengths of the CFDSCTs. The new formulae are in a similar format to SANS 10162-1 and EC4. A plot of the results from the proposed formulae over the test results, versus the slenderness ratio shows that the results were predicted well. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.	Axial compression; Concrete-filled double-skin tubes; Confinement effect; Overall buckling; Slender columns; Yielding	Axial compression; Concretes; Tubular steel structures; Confinement effects; Double skin; Over-all buckling; Slender columns; Yielding; Tubes (components)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745206026	Strength performance of laterized concrete	Udoeyo F.F., Iron U.H., Odim O.O.	2006	Construction and Building Materials	20	10	10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.03.002	Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria	Udoeyo, F.F., Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria; Iron, U.H., Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria; Odim, O.O., Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria	The results of an experimental program to investigate some characteristics of concrete containing laterite as a partial or full replacement of sand is presented in this paper. Sand in a concrete of mix ratio 1:2:4:0.56 (cement:sand:coarse aggregate:water-cement ratio) was replaced with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% laterite. The results show that concrete with up to 40% replacement level of sand by laterite attained the designed strength of 20 N/mm2, thus indicating the possibility of using laterite as a partial replacement for sand up to this level. It was also observed from the results that the workability of laterite concrete (LATCON) increases with increase in the replacement level of sand by laterite, while the compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths and the percentage water absorption of the concrete decrease with increase in the replacement level of sand. Regression models relating the strengths of LATCON are also presented in this paper. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Laterized concrete; Strengths	Absorption; Bending strength; Cements; Elastic moduli; Regression analysis; Sand; Strength of materials; Water; Laterized concrete (LATCON); Partial replacement; Strength performance; Strengths; Concretes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80155182064	Comparison of permeable friction course mixtures fabricated using asphalt rubber and performance-grade asphalt binders	Alvarez A.E., Fernandez E.M., Epps Martin A., Reyes O.J., Simate G.S., Walubita L.F.	2012	Construction and Building Materials	28	1	10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.08.085	Department of Civil Engineering, University of Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia; Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States; Department of Civil Engineering, Nueva Granada Military University, Bogotá D.C., Colombia; Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; TTI, Texas A and M University System, College Station, TX 77843, United States	Alvarez, A.E., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia; Fernandez, E.M., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia; Epps Martin, A., Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States; Reyes, O.J., Department of Civil Engineering, Nueva Granada Military University, Bogotá D.C., Colombia; Simate, G.S., Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Walubita, L.F., TTI, Texas A and M University System, College Station, TX 77843, United States	Permeable friction course mixtures (PFC) are special hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures that are designed to improve motorist safety and reduce traffic noise (i.e., tire-pavement noise). In terms of pavement structural design and construction, PFC mixtures are typically used as the surfacing course layer where in addition to improving the skid resistance, also serve as the surface drainage layer. This paper compares PFC mixtures designed and fabricated using performance grade (PG) and asphalt rubber (AR) asphalt-binders (or asphalts). The experimental design included assessment of total air voids (AV) content, durability, drainability, stone-on-stone contact, and internal structure of the PFC mixtures fabricated using both AR and PG asphalts; denoted herein as AR-PFC and PG-PFC mixtures, respectively. The analysis conducted provided evidence of differences between AR-PFC and PG-PFC mixtures that suggest the need for differentiation and refinement of the existing specifications to consider these mixtures as independent materials. Future research should, therefore, focus on defining particular specifications for mix design and control for AR-PFC and PG-PFC mixtures. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Asphalt rubber (AR); Hot mix asphalt (HMA); Mix design; Performance grade (PG); Permeable friction course mixture (PFC)	Asphalt rubber (AR); Hot mix asphalt (HMA); Mix designs; Performance grade; Permeable friction course; Asphalt; Binders; Curricula; Fabrication; Friction; Noise pollution; Pavements; Rubber; Skid resistance; Specifications; Structural design; Tribology; Mixtures	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877351192	Practical implementation of the durability index performance-based design approach	Nganga G., Alexander M., Beushausen H.	2013	Construction and Building Materials	45	None	10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.03.069	Concrete Materials and Structural Integrity Research Unit (CoMSIRU), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Nganga, G., Concrete Materials and Structural Integrity Research Unit (CoMSIRU), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Alexander, M., Concrete Materials and Structural Integrity Research Unit (CoMSIRU), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Beushausen, H., Concrete Materials and Structural Integrity Research Unit (CoMSIRU), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa	The paper provides a summary of findings from a study that was done to evaluate practicality of Durability Index (DI) performance-based specifications that have been implemented on a large scale in a major infrastructure project involving bridge and other structures in Gauteng Province, South Africa. The practicality of the approach was evaluated by considering: the magnitude and variability in DI test values (Oxygen Permeability Index, OPI, and water sorptivity) and cover depths; applicability of the DI tests in laboratories to determine if correct execution of test procedures is done, in addition to its application on site where samples are obtained; and response of the industry to this recently implemented approach which was assessed from reviewing responses to a questionnaire that was sent out to resident engineers (REs). From the statistical analysis, it was observed that the average values of the durability parameters (OPI, sorptivity and cover depth) in all cases complied with the limiting minimum values. However, for some structures, a high proportion of individual DI test results failed to comply with limiting values. The variability observed in the coefficient of permeability (k) and sorptivity values was high. For cover depth readings the variability measured on structures cast in situ was considerably higher than for precast elements. A mixed perception of the effects of this approach was obtained among engineers; some indicated that it had no effect on construction practices while others felt that, as a result of the performance-based project specifications, stricter controls had been placed in execution of construction practices. From this study it was concluded that the DI performance-based approach offers a potentially useful and practical way to perform quality control of cover concrete. However, certain limitations have to still be overcome to fully reap the potential benefits of this approach. These include high variability in test results (sorptivity, coefficient of permeability), poor quality of test panels, poor communication between site staff and laboratories, difficulties in transport of test panels. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Cover concrete; Durability index tests; Performance-based specifications; Quality control; Reinforced concrete	Coefficient of permeability; Cover concrete; Durability index test; Infrastructure project; Performance based design; Performance based specifications; Practical implementation; Project specification; Bridges; Concretes; Quality control; Reinforced concrete; Reinforcement; Specifications; Testing; Durability	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883092366	Performance of hydrocarbon particles on the drying shrinkage of cement mortar	Muhammad B., Ismail M.	2013	Construction and Building Materials	48	None	10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.07.011	Faculty of Engineering, Bayero University Kano, PMB 3011, Nigeria; Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia	Muhammad, B., Faculty of Engineering, Bayero University Kano, PMB 3011, Nigeria; Ismail, M., Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia	The inherent volume reduction normally witnessed in hydraulic cement mixes is probably one of the most important threats to its durability as this is often accompanied by deleterious cracks. This paper presents experimental findings on the drying shrinkage of poly(1,4-isoprene) modified-hydraulic cement mortar. Based on mechanical and durability requirements 0-20% (vol.) isoprene/water ratio was employed. Normal and modified mortar specimens were prepared, cured and tested for drying shrinkage. Microstructural details of both normal and modified phases were examined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, compressive strengths of the hardened mixes and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) of the poly(1,4-isoprene) were noted. Results have indicated a continuous decrease in the drying shrinkage of mortar with a corresponding increase in poly(1,4-isoprene) up to 10% (vol.) isoprene/water ratio, beyond which the shrinkage increases with increase in the isoprene content. Thus, inclusion of optimum content of poly(1,4-isoprene) into the normal hydraulic cement mortar minimizes its drying shrinkage, principally due to blocking effects of the isoprene particles against the inter-particle attraction of the mixed-conglomerate during the volume reduction. Indeed, this could inhibit formation and propagation of harmful cracks. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Cement mortar; Cracks; Drying shrinkage; Poly(1,4-isoprene); Scanning electron microscopy	Cement mortars; Drying shrinkages; Hydraulic cement; Micro-structural; Mortar specimens; Poly(1,4-isoprene); Thermogravimetry analysis; Volume reductions; Cements; Compressive strength; Cracks; Durability; Mortar; Scanning electron microscopy; Thermogravimetric analysis; Isoprene	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938526082	Use of the MSCR test to characterize the asphalt binder properties relative to HMA rutting performance - A laboratory study	Zhang J., Walubita L.F., Faruk A.N.M., Karki P., Simate G.S.	2015	Construction and Building Materials	94	None	10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.06.044	Texas AandM University, College Station, TX, United States; Texas AandM Transportation Institute, Texas AandM University System, College Station, TX, United States; School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa	Zhang, J., Texas AandM University, College Station, TX, United States; Walubita, L.F., Texas AandM Transportation Institute, Texas AandM University System, College Station, TX, United States; Faruk, A.N.M., Texas AandM Transportation Institute, Texas AandM University System, College Station, TX, United States; Karki, P., Texas AandM Transportation Institute, Texas AandM University System, College Station, TX, United States; Simate, G.S., School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa	Abstract Permanent deformation (or rutting) is one of the common distresses occurring in hot-mix asphalt (HMA) pavements. HMA is predominantly composed of aggregates and asphalt binder; and the asphalt binder plays a significant role in the HMA performance including permanent deformation and rutting resistance. In order to characterize the properties of the asphalt binder related to HMA rutting, the Superpave performance grade system uses the high-temperature grade, which is determined based on the complex shear modulus (|G∗|) and phase angle (δ) parameter (G∗/sinδ) that is measured from the Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) test. However, G∗/sinδ is not a performance-based parameter. Therefore, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has developed a performance-based PG binder test, the Multiple Stress Creep and Recovery (MSCR) test, to supplement the conventional DSR high temperature test. The primary objective of this laboratory study was to compare the two asphalt binder tests (the MSCR and the DSR high-temperature grade) and two HMA rutting related performance tests (the Hamburg Wheel Tracking Test [HWTT] and the Repeated Loading Permanent Deformation [RLPD] Test) for characterizing the asphalt binder high temperature properties relative to HMA permanent deformation and rutting performance. For the asphalt binders and HMA evaluated, the MSCR showed a better correlation with the two rutting related performance tests (HWTT and RLPD) than the DSR high temperature grade. Thus, the MSCR test results shows promise to supplement or serve as a surrogate to the existing DSR test in characterizing the asphalt binder high temperature properties that are related to HMA rutting. However, more lab testing and field validation is still warranted to complement the results and findings reported herein. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.	Asphalt binder; DSR; G∗; HWTT; J<inf>nr</inf>; MSCR; Permanent deformation; RLPD; Rutting	Asphalt; Asphalt pavements; Creep; Deformation; High temperature properties; Highway administration; Asphalt binders; DSR; HWTT; MSCR; Permanent deformations; RLPD; Rutting; Binders	TxDOT, Texas Department of Transportation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941337682	Effect of cooling regime on the residual performance of high-volume palm oil fuel ash concrete exposed to high temperatures	Awal A.S.M.A., Shehu I.A., Ismail M.	2015	Construction and Building Materials	98	None	10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.09.001	Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia; Department of Building, Federal Polytechnic, PMB 55Bida Niger State, Nigeria	Awal, A.S.M.A., Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia; Shehu, I.A., Department of Building, Federal Polytechnic, PMB 55Bida Niger State, Nigeria; Ismail, M., Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia	This paper presents the experimental findings of a study on the effect of cooling method on the residual performance of concrete containing a high volume of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) exposed to high temperatures. In this study, concrete samples were made in which the ordinary Portland cement was replaced by 50%, 60% and 70% POFA. The test specimens were then thermally treated to elevated temperatures of 200, 400, 600 and 800 °C in an electric furnace for a period of 1 h. The specimens were cured by air cooling or water cooling and examined for ultrasonic pulse velocity and changes in weight and residual compressive strength. At higher temperatures, the reduction in the ultrasonic pulse velocity of concrete was higher for all of the mixes. Along with the loss of weight, the residual compressive strength of concrete was also reduced. Of the two regimes, the air-cooling system exhibited better performance in recovering the structural properties of concrete containing a high volume of POFA. © 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.	Cooling regime; Elevated temperature; High volume; Palm oil fuel ash; Residual performance	Air; Compressive strength; Concretes; Cooling; Electric furnaces; Fuels; Light velocity; Oil shale; Palm oil; Portland cement; Residual fuels; Ultrasonics; Cooling regimes; Elevated temperature; High volumes; Ordinary Portland cement; Properties of concretes; Residual compressive strength; Residual performance; Ultrasonic pulse velocity; High performance concrete	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33645111948	Performance comparison of controllers acting on a batch pulp digester using Monte Carlo modelling	Sandrock C., de Vaal P., Weightman D.	2006	Control Engineering Practice	14	8	10.1016/j.conengprac.2005.05.009	Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Sappi Saiccor (Pty) Ltd, P.O. Box 62, Umkomaas 4170, South Africa	Sandrock, C., Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; de Vaal, P., Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Weightman, D., Sappi Saiccor (Pty) Ltd, P.O. Box 62, Umkomaas 4170, South Africa	Finding a suitable control structure for any process usually involves comparing the performance of different possible control structures and choosing one which best satisfies chosen criteria. It is desirable to do this performance comparison off-line, as installation of a sub-optimal controller will cost both time and money. Monte Carlo modelling provides a well documented method of evaluating the statistical properties of stochastic systems. Applied to control system design, Monte Carlo modelling can incorporate detailed process models and accurate estimates of input distributions to give an accurate estimate of the effect of different control strategies on the system. In this study, Monte Carlo modelling was used to compare three candidate controllers in order to determine the best controller in terms of two criteria, namely variance reduction and setpoint tracking. The modelling technique yielded results that could be interpreted without difficulty, showing one controller to be clearly superior to the others according to these criteria. These results can be used to implement the best controller without expensive trial and error procedures. In situ experiments on an operational digester correlated well with the simulation results, showing the best controller to reduce variance by 43% and reduce the mean error by 90% when compared to the controller currently in use. It is shown that Monte Carlo modelling is a viable technique for controller performance analysis on highly nonlinear processes, due to the increasing availability of powerful computing systems. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Batch; Control; Monte Carlo; Nonlinear; Performance; Pulp digester	Computer simulation; Control system synthesis; Correlation methods; Mathematical models; Monte Carlo methods; Nonlinear control systems; Process control; Batch pulp digester; Controller performance analysis; Pulp digesters; Computer simulation; Control system synthesis; Correlation methods; Mathematical models; Monte Carlo methods; Nonlinear control systems; Process control; Pulp digesters; Batch Digesters; Control Systems; Correlation; Mathematical Models; Process Control; Pulping; Simulation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33644848750	Performance of the Reality® polyurethane female condom and a synthetic latex prototype: A randomized crossover trial among South African women	Beksinska M., Smit J., Mabude Z., Vijayakumar G., Joanis C.	2006	Contraception	73	4	10.1016/j.contraception.2005.07.015	Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Mayville, 4091, South Africa; Department of Development Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States; Family Health International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States	Beksinska, M., Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Mayville, 4091, South Africa; Smit, J., Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Mayville, 4091, South Africa; Mabude, Z., Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Mayville, 4091, South Africa; Vijayakumar, G., Department of Development Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States; Joanis, C., Family Health International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States	Objective: This multisite, randomized, crossover trial comparing the performance of the Reality® female condom (FC1) with a new synthetic latex prototype (FC2) was conducted in Durban, South Africa. Method: In total, 276 women were enrolled and 201 women completed the study. Altogether, 1910 FC1 condoms and 1881 FC2 condoms were used. Results: Total breakage was 0.73% in FC1 and 0.85% in FC2 (95% confidence interval, -0.64 to 0.87). The number of clinical breakages (those that could result in a pregnancy or sexually transmitted infection) was similar for each condom type (FC1, n=9; FC2, n=8). Incorrect penetration (penis between condom and vaginal wall) was 1.26% and 0.64% for FC1 and FC2, respectively. Outer ring displacements (outer ring pushed into the vagina partially or fully) were comparable for both condoms (FC1, 3.14%; FC2, 2.98%). Slippage (condom came out of the vagina) was rare and reported in 0.37% or less of devices used. Total clinical failure was 5.24% in FC1 and 4.3% in FC2. Conclusion: The FC1 and FC2 performed comparably within this trial. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Barrier methods; Female condom; Performance; Randomized trial; Reality; Synthetic latex	latex; polyetherurethan; polyurethan; adult; article; clinical trial; condom; confidence interval; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; female; human; human experiment; intermethod comparison; pregnancy; randomized controlled trial; sexual intercourse; sexually transmitted disease; South Africa; crossover procedure; equipment; statistics; Adult; Condoms, Female; Cross-Over Studies; Equipment Failure; Female; Humans; Latex; Polyurethanes; South Africa	None
WoS	WOS:000313929000021	Evaluating feasibility, reach and potential impact of a text message family planning information service in Tanzania	Lasway, Christine,L'Engle, Kelly L.,Ndakidemi, Elizabeth,Vandat, Heather L.,Zan, Trinity	2013	CONTRACEPTION	87	2	10.1016/j.contraception.2012.07.009	FHI 360	None	Background: The objective of this research was to evaluate the feasibility, reach and potential behavioral impact of providing automated family planning information via mobile phones to the general public in Tanzania. Study Design: Data from users of the Mobile for Reproductive Health (m4RH) program were collected during the 10-month pilot period. First, contraceptive methods queried by each user were electronically logged by the mobile phone system. Second, four text questions assessing gender, age, promotion point and potential family planning impact were sent to every user. Results: During the pilot period, 2870 unique users accessed m4RH in Tanzania, resulting in 4813 queries about specific contraceptive methods. Among those responding to text questions, 56% were female and approximately 60% were 29 or younger years in age. A variety of changes in family planning use were mentioned after using m4RH, with reported changes consistent with where users are in their reproductive life cycle. Conclusions: Reaching younger people, women and men of reproductive age with family planning information delivered via mobile phone is recommended. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	"FAMILY PLANNING",MEN,"MOBILE PHONES",Tanzania,YOUTH,COMMUNICATION,KENYA,MEN	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-54049094330	Evaluation of the inhibitive effect of some plant extracts on the acid corrosion of mild steel	Oguzie E.E.	2008	Corrosion Science	50	11	10.1016/j.corsci.2008.08.004	Electrochemistry and Materials Science Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, PMB 1526, Owerri, Nigeria	Oguzie, E.E., Electrochemistry and Materials Science Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, PMB 1526, Owerri, Nigeria	Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 2 M HCl and 1 M H2SO4 by extracts of selected plants was investigated using a gasometric technique at temperatures of 30 and 60 °C. The studied plants materials include leaf extracts Occimum viridis (OV), Telferia occidentalis (TO), Azadirachta indica (AI) and Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) as well as extracts from the seeds of Garcinia kola (GK). The results indicate that all the extracts inhibited the corrosion process in both acid media by virtue of adsorption and inhibition efficiency improved with concentration. Synergistic effects increased the inhibition efficiency in the presence of halide additives. Inhibition mechanisms were deduced from the temperature dependence of the inhibition efficiency as well as from assessment of kinetic and activation parameters that govern the processes. Comparative analysis of the inhibitor adsorption behaviour in 2 M HCl and 1 M H2SO4 as well as the effects of temperature and halide additives suggest that both protonated and molecular species could be responsible for the inhibiting action of the extracts. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	A. Acid solution; A. Mild steel; C. Acid corrosion; C. Acid inhibition	Acids; Adsorption; Concentration (process); Corrosion; Corrosion prevention; Electrochemical corrosion; Steel; A. Acid solution; A. Mild steel; Acid corrosions; Acid medias; Activation parameters; Adsorption behaviours; Azadirachta indica; C. Acid corrosion; C. Acid inhibition; Comparative analysis; Corrosion inhibitions; Corrosion processes; Effects of temperatures; Halide additives; Inhibition efficiencies; Inhibition mechanisms; Inhibitive effects; Kinetic; Leaf extracts; Mild steels; Molecular species; Plant extracts; Protonated; Synergistic effects; Temperature dependences; Extraction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952898861	Influence of iron microstructure on the performance of polyacrylic acid as corrosion inhibitor in sulfuric acid solution	Umoren S.A., Li Y., Wang F.H.	2011	Corrosion Science	53	5	10.1016/j.corsci.2011.01.052	State Key Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 62 Wencui Road, Shenyang 110016, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Uyo, P.M.B 1017, Uyo, Nigeria	Umoren, S.A., State Key Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 62 Wencui Road, Shenyang 110016, China, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Uyo, P.M.B 1017, Uyo, Nigeria; Li, Y., State Key Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 62 Wencui Road, Shenyang 110016, China; Wang, F.H., State Key Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 62 Wencui Road, Shenyang 110016, China	The corrosion inhibition behavior of bulk nanocrystalline ingot iron (BNII) fabricated from coarse polycrystalline ingot iron (CPII) by severe rolling technique by polyacrylic acid (PAA) was studied in 0.1M H2SO4 using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. The results indicated that PAA inhibited the acid induced corrosion of both iron specimens, with greater effect noted for BNII. The corrosion inhibiting effect was influenced by the microstructure of the iron samples. Synergistic inhibition effect was observed on addition of iodide ions to PAA in case of CPII while for BNII inhibition efficiency marginally increased. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	A. Iron; A. Polyacrylic acid; C. Corrosion inhibition; C. Microstructures; C. Nanocrystallization	A. Iron; A. Polyacrylic acid; C. Corrosion inhibition; C. Microstructures; C. Nanocrystallization; Corrosion prevention; Electrochemical corrosion; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; Ingots; Microstructure; Nanocrystallization; Organic acids; Sulfuric acid; Corrosion inhibitors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891630909	The impact of additional nitrates in mild steel corrosion in a seawater/sediment system	Pillay C., Lin J.	2014	Corrosion Science	80	None	10.1016/j.corsci.2013.11.047	School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Private Bag X 54001, Durban, South Africa	Pillay, C., School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Private Bag X 54001, Durban, South Africa; Lin, J., School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Private Bag X 54001, Durban, South Africa	This paper investigates the impact of additional nitrate sources on mild steel coupon corrosion in a seawater/sediment system. The results show that addition of 5. mM of nitrate sources significantly increased the weight loss of coupons after 20. weeks. SEM results indicate increase in microbial populations and corrosive products in the non-autoclaved and the nitrate-treated environments. EDX analyses revealed an increase in contents of carbon, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and sodium with the exception of iron with an increase in incubation time. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	A. Mild steel; B. SEM; B. Weight loss; C. Microbiological corrosion	EDX analysis; Incubation time; Microbial populations; Microbiological corrosion; Nitrate sources; Steel coupon; Weight loss; Carbon steel; Corrosion; Nitrates	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952744220	Post-privatization performance and organizational changes: Case studies from Ghana	Tsamenyi M., Onumah J., Tetteh-Kumah E.	2010	Critical Perspectives on Accounting	21	5	10.1016/j.cpa.2008.01.002	Birmingham Business School, University of Birmingham, University House, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; University of Ghana Business School, Ghana; Barclays Bank, Ghana	Tsamenyi, M., Birmingham Business School, University of Birmingham, University House, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Onumah, J., University of Ghana Business School, Ghana; Tetteh-Kumah, E., Barclays Bank, Ghana	A significant number of less developed countries (LDCs), including Ghana, have embraced the World Bank/IMF led economic reforms. Ghana has been implementing these reforms since the early 1980. One of the conditions of the reforms is the privatization of former state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Such privatization activities have however generated debates among academics, practitioners, and policy makers. Research findings so far have been mixed. This paper analyzes the performance of two large privatized companies in Ghana. Both companies have been paraded by the Ghanaian authorities and the international financial community as success stories of privatization. Our objective is to examine how and why these firms have been claimed to be successful. Drawing on the dimensions of the balanced scorecard, we examine the performance of the firms from five main perspectives-financial, customers, internal business process, learning and growth, and the community. The analysis is based on data gathered from diverse sources, namely, semi-structured interviews and discussions with managers of the selected companies and with personnel from key government departments, and analysis of internal and external documents. We conclude that, overall the performance of both organizations improved after privatization under all the performance dimensions examined. These improvements were also accompanied by certain organizational changes, including changes in the accounting and control systems. However we are not claiming that all privatization programs in Ghana have been successful. In fact there are stories in the Ghanaian media of several other privatization failures in the country. Instead what we have demonstrated is the need to explain the performance of privatized firms beyond the myopic macro-level and financial analysis which has been widely adopted by the international financial community and policy makers and we encourage other researchers to adopt such multidimensional approaches. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd.	Balanced scorecard; Ghana; Less developed countries; Performance evaluation; Privatization	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34249733716	Single-walled carbon nanotube-induced crystallinity on the electropolymeric film of tetraaminophthalocyaninatonickel(II) complex: Impact on the rate of heterogeneous electron transfer	Pillay J., Ozoemena K.I.	2007	Chemical Physics Letters	441	42372	10.1016/j.cplett.2007.04.095	Chemistry Department, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	Pillay, J., Chemistry Department, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Ozoemena, K.I., Chemistry Department, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	We present a fundamental investigation on the impact of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) on the film structure and redox behaviour of tetraaminophthalocyaninatonickel(II) complex (NiTAPc) electropolymer immobilized on a basal plane pyrolytic graphite electrode (BPPGE). SWCNT induces crystallinity on the NiTAPc electropolymeric film structure and increases its apparent electron transfer rate constant (kapp). We proved that there is potential advantage of using electrode based on the SWCNT-poly-NiTAPc hybrid for catalytic and sensing applications as it enhances the catalytic current for the detection of nitric oxide more than twice compared to bare BPPGE, BPPGE-SWCNT and other electrodes without SWCNTs. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	None	Electron transitions; Electropolymerization; Graphite electrodes; Nickel compounds; Rate constants; Thin films; Electron transfer; Electropolymeric film structure; Electropolymeric films; Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCN)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84918771116	The household economy approach. managing the impact of climate change on poverty and food security in developing countries	Seaman J.A., Sawdon G.E., Acidri J., Petty C.	2014	Climate Risk Management	4	None	10.1016/j.crm.2014.10.001	Evidence for Development, South Bank House, Black Prince Rd., London, United Kingdom; Dept. Of Geography, King's College, London, United Kingdom; 932, Vicker Court, Kelowna, Canada; Plot 209, Ndiwulira Road, Kiira Town Council, Kampala, Uganda; 15, First Avenue, London, United Kingdom	Seaman, J.A., Evidence for Development, South Bank House, Black Prince Rd., London, United Kingdom, Dept. Of Geography, King's College, London, United Kingdom; Sawdon, G.E., Evidence for Development, South Bank House, Black Prince Rd., London, United Kingdom, 932, Vicker Court, Kelowna, Canada; Acidri, J., Evidence for Development, South Bank House, Black Prince Rd., London, United Kingdom, Plot 209, Ndiwulira Road, Kiira Town Council, Kampala, Uganda; Petty, C., Evidence for Development, South Bank House, Black Prince Rd., London, United Kingdom, Dept. Of Geography, King's College, London, United Kingdom, 15, First Avenue, London, United Kingdom	Climate change is expected to have severe effects on the populations of developing countries because many of these depend heavily on agriculture for income, have large impoverished rural populations which rely on agriculture for subsistence, and are financially and technically least equipped to adapt to changing conditions. Planning to target measures to support adaptation to reduce the impact of climate change on poverty and food insecurity requires methods of identifying vulnerable households. This paper describes an established approach to vulnerability assessment, the 'Household Economy Approach' (HEA) and its potential application to the management of climate change in developing countries. The HEA is widely used by Governments and others, chiefly in Africa, for the assessment of household vulnerability to poverty and food security. HEA uses a model based on Amartya Sen's entitlement theory and detailed social and economic data to simulate the impact of weather related, price, policy and other shocks on household income and food access, to provide information for decision making. In developing countries climate change will be experienced in terms of increased climate variability and an increased frequency of extreme events. HEA provides a way of managing the effects of year to year shocks to prevent impoverishment and the erosion of household resilience. It also provides the information needed to develop scenarios to support the design of policies to support longer term adaptation. HEA data has already been collected for large areas of Africa. © 2014 The Authors.	Climate change; Food security; Livelihoods; Poverty; Vulnerability assessment	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-23044501807	Screenhouse evaluation of atrazine for soil residual activity on growth, development and nutritional quality of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus Moench) in southwestern Nigeria	Aladesanwa R.D.	2005	Crop Protection	24	10	10.1016/j.cropro.2005.01.022	Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Aladesanwa, R.D., Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Atrazine is still by far the most widely used herbicide for selective weed control in maize in southwestern Nigeria following which vegetable crops may be sown to 'catch' remaining moisture under rainfed multiple cropping. This study examined under screenhouse conditions the effects of soil residual activity of atrazine at the recommended dose of 3.0 kg a.i. ha-1 on the growth, development and nutritional quality of okra at intervals of 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks after treatment (WAT). Results indicated that atrazine significantly (P&lt;0.05) reduced plant height, total crop leaf area, and pod fresh weight in all the herbicide treatments relative to the control, but leaf number remained unaffected. Plant height, among other yield and nutritional quality indices, was found to be linearly and positively correlated with time interval between atrazine applications (P≤0.001; r=+0.98). The results of proximate analysis and determination of Vitamin C content of matured okra pods showed significant reductions in the levels of protein, fat, ash, crude fibre, carbohydrate, Vitamin C, calcium, iron, and moisture content in all the treatments involving atrazine application compared with control. It was concluded that okra should not be sown after maize in which atrazine has been used in order to avoid crop injury and reduced yield of pods with low nutritional value. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Maize; Soil residual activity	herbicide; weed control; Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; World; Abelmoschus; Abelmoschus esculentus; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-24644481320	Assessing the potential impact of biological control of Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) in cabbage production in Kenya	Macharia I., Löhr B., De Groote H.	2005	Crop Protection	24	11	10.1016/j.cropro.2005.02.005	International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), P.O. Box 25171, Nairobi, Kenya	Macharia, I., International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Löhr, B., International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; De Groote, H., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), P.O. Box 25171, Nairobi, Kenya	This study assessed the potential economic impact of the introduction of Diadegma semiclausum, an exotic parasitoid of the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella, DBM), on cabbage production in Kenya. The study first established yield losses caused by DBM through two methods: measurements from farmer-managed fields and through farmers' interviews. Crop losses were calculated at 31% from farmer-managed fields, and at 36% from farmer interviews. With a crop loss of 31%, yield loss was estimated at 6.8 tons/ha or US$ 452.9/ha, and at US$ 7.9 million per year for the whole country. Control costs as provided from the interviews, amounted to US$ 118.9/ha. The project costs amount to a net present value of US$ 1.2 million. Based on an annual cabbage production of 256,524 tons, a cabbage price of US$ 66.3/ton, a 30% abatement of yield losses, a 7.9% reduction in cost of production, a supply and a demand elasticity of 0.9 and -1.4 respectively, and an annual increase of consumption of 2.6%, the economic surplus produced by the release of the parasitoid was estimated at US$ 28.3 million for 25 years. Consumers were estimated to get 58% of the benefit and producers 42%. The benefit-cost ratio was estimated at 24:1, with an internal rate of return of 86%, indicating a high return to the investment. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Biological control; Diamondback moth; Economic impact; Parasitoid	biological control; crop damage; economic impact; yield; Africa; East Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; Kenya; Sub-Saharan Africa; World; Brassica oleracea var. capitata; Diadegma semiclausum; Lepidoptera; Plutella xylostella	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-24644463657	Evaluation of a new formulation of atrazine and metolachlor mixture for weed control in maize in Nigeria	Chikoye D., Udensi U.E., Fontem Lum A.	2005	Crop Protection	24	11	10.1016/j.cropro.2005.02.011	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria	Chikoye, D., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Udensi, U.E., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Fontem Lum, A., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria	Field studies were conducted in 2002 and 2003 at Ibadan, Nigeria, to evaluate the effects on weed control in maize of a new formulation of a mixture of atrazine and metolachlor. The treatments were the new formulation of the mixture at doses from 1.0 to 4.0 kg a.i. ha-1 and the old formulation of the mixture at the recommended dose of 2.5 kg a.i. ha-1. The new formulation of the mixture gave complete control of Panicum maximum, Commelina benghalensis, sedges (Mariscus alternifolius, Kyllinga squamulata, and Cyperus spp.), and Tridax procumbens, and good control (&gt;94%) of Passiflora foetida at 4 weeks after treatment (WAT) in 2002. At 8 WAT, the new mixture gave good control (&gt;73%) of P. maximum and C. benghalensis in 2002, and of P. foetida, sedges, and T. procumbens in both years. The hoeweeded control and all herbicide treatments at 4 WAT had lower weed dry matter than the untreated control in both years, and at crop harvest in 2002. In both years, the lowest weed dry matter was obtained from the hoeweeded control at crop harvest. In 2003, the old formulation of the mixture at the recommended dose had similar weed dry matter with the new formulation at all doses. The treatments did not significantly affect maize grain yield in 2002. However, in 2003, the new formulation of the mixture at a dose of 4.0 kg a.i. ha-1 and the hoeweeded control had 33% higher maize grain yield than the untreated control. The new formulation of a mixture of atrazine and metolachlor is effective for weed control in maize at lower doses than the recommended dose of the old formulation. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Grasses; Sedges; Weed competition	atrazine; maize; pesticide application; weed control; Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; World; Commelina; Commelina benghalensis; Cyperaceae; Cyperus; Kyllinga squamulata; Mariscus; Panicum maximum; Passiflora edulis; Passiflora foetida; Poaceae; Tridax procumbens; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-27644597711	Effects of watering regimes on aphid infestation and performance of selected varieties of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) in a humid rainforest zone of Nigeria	Agele S.O., Ofuya T.I., James P.O.	2006	Crop Protection	25	1	10.1016/j.cropro.2005.03.005	Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria	Agele, S.O., Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria; Ofuya, T.I., Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria; James, P.O., Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria	Host plant drought stress affects plant productivity (growth and reproduction) and insect performance. This study was conducted to determine whether resistance to one major cowpea insect pest (Aphis craccivora, Koch) in identified cowpea varieties holds under different soil moisture regimes in the dry season period in a humid tropical rainforest zone. This information is basic to the use of insect resistant varieties for agricultural development under marginal conditions. Treatments consisted of factorial combinations of three water application regimes by four cowpea varieties grown in drainage lysimeters installed on the field in the dry season period in Akure, rainforest zone of Nigeria. Two aphid susceptible (Ife brown and Vita 7) and two aphid resistant (IT845-2246 and IT835-728-5) varieties were compared under soil moisture regimes. Reduction in the amount of water available to the cowpea plant (soil moisture deficit stress) in the host plant affected population trends of aphids in the different growth stages of cowpea. There were significant variations among tested aphid susceptible and aphid resistant cowpea varieties on aphid survival, population density (colony size), damage levels and seed yield reductions in relation to soil moisture regimes. A significantly lower number of aphids was observed in the resistant varieties than in the susceptible varieties. Significant interactions between watering regimes and varieties were found for aphid survival rates, biomass and fruit yields in this study. The resistant varieties supported significantly lower aphid survival rates compared with susceptible varieties. Significant negative linear correlations were found for watering intervals (regimes) and aphid population, shoot biomass and seed (grain) yield. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Aphid; Cowpea; Infestation; Tropics; Watering regimes; Yield	aphid; drought stress; host plant; pest resistance; trend analysis; Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; World; Aphididae; Aphis craccivora; Insecta; Vigna unguiculata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745580840	Impact of Bt cotton adoption on pesticide use by smallholders: A 2-year survey in Makhatini Flats (South Africa)	Hofs J.-L., Fok M., Vaissayre M.	2006	Crop Protection	25	9	10.1016/j.cropro.2006.01.006	CIRAD, Cotton Systems Research Unit, Pretoria, South Africa; CIRAD, Cotton Systems Research Unit, Montpellier, France	Hofs, J.-L., CIRAD, Cotton Systems Research Unit, Pretoria, South Africa; Fok, M., CIRAD, Cotton Systems Research Unit, Montpellier, France; Vaissayre, M., CIRAD, Cotton Systems Research Unit, Montpellier, France	This paper explores insecticide use in fields cropped with conventional or Bt cotton varieties in a smallholder farming area (Makhathini Flats, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa). The study was carried out during the 2002-2003 and 2003-2004 growing seasons as part of a broader survey based on daily monitoring of a sample of smallholdings. The adoption of Bt cotton led to a decrease in pyrethroid use, but the level of insect resistance of this cultivar was not sufficient to completely drop this pesticide from the spraying programme. On the other hand, organophosphates were still being applied in substantial amounts, thus raising questions as to the impact of Bt cotton adoption on farmers' health. The overall economic results obtained with Bt cotton were slightly positive despite the low cotton yields obtained in the Flats during our survey. Bt cotton adoption did lead to labour savings, but the extent of this gain was not as high as expected. In conclusion, cropping Bt cotton in Makhathini Flats did not generate sufficient income to expect a tangible and sustainable socioeconomic improvement due to the way the crop is currently managed. Adoption of an innovation like Bt cotton seems to pay only in an agro-system with a sufficient level of intensification. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Bt cotton; Cost-effectiveness; Insecticide use; Integrated crop management; Safety; Small-scale farming; South Africa	cotton; growing season; innovation; insecticide; organophosphate; smallholder; socioeconomic conditions; yield response; Africa; KwaZulu-Natal; Makhathini Flats; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Gossypium hirsutum; Insecta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846481298	Evaluation of herbicides for weed control in irrigated garlic (Allium sativum L.) at Samaru, Nigeria	Tunku P., Lagoke S.T.O., Ishaya D.B.	2007	Crop Protection	26	4	10.1016/j.cropro.2006.05.017	College of Agriculture, Division of Agricultural Colleges, Ahmadu Bello University, Kabba, Kogi State, Nigeria; Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogua State, Nigeria; Department of Agronomy, A.B.U., Zaria, Nigeria	Tunku, P., College of Agriculture, Division of Agricultural Colleges, Ahmadu Bello University, Kabba, Kogi State, Nigeria; Lagoke, S.T.O., Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogua State, Nigeria; Ishaya, D.B., Department of Agronomy, A.B.U., Zaria, Nigeria	Field trials were carried out during the dry seasons of 1995 and 1996 to identify suitable pre-emergence herbicides for weed control in garlic (Allium sativum L.) at Samaru, Nigeria. All the herbicide treatments tested effectively reduced weed infestation compared with the weedy control. Garlic plant height and shoot dry matter were depressed by oxadiazon plus cinosulfuron at 0.75+0.02 kg a.i./ha, oxadiazon plus prosulfuron at both doses and in the weedy check in the two trials. In both years, oxadiazon applied alone at 1.0, 1.5 kg a.i./ha and the mixture of oxadiazon with chloroxuron and prometryne resulted in high garlic bulb yields that were comparable to that of the hoe-weeded control. In both years, the best treatment in terms of garlic bulb yield was oxadiazon plus chloroxuron at 0.75+1.0 kg a.i./ha. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Garlic; Grass weeds; Growth; Pre-emergence herbicides; Yield	crop plant; crop yield; growth rate; herbicide; weed control; yield response; Africa; Kaduna [Nigeria]; Nigeria; Samaru; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Allium sativum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846349113	Evaluation of fungicides and sterilants for potential application in the management of Fusarium wilt of banana	Nel B., Steinberg C., Labuschagne N., Viljoen A.	2007	Crop Protection	26	4	10.1016/j.cropro.2006.06.008	Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; INRA-CMSE-Université de Bourgogne, DIJON, 17 rue Sully, -BP 86510, F. 21065 Dijon CEDEX, France	Nel, B., Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Steinberg, C., INRA-CMSE-Université de Bourgogne, DIJON, 17 rue Sully, -BP 86510, F. 21065 Dijon CEDEX, France; Labuschagne, N., Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Viljoen, A., Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	Fusarium wilt is considered one of the most important diseases of bananas. The disease can only be managed by using resistant cultivars and by preventing its introduction into new fields. The objectives of this study were to evaluate newly available fungicides, in vitro and in vivo, for their efficacy against the responsible pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense, and to evaluate surface sterilants that could be used for sterilization purposes. Of the fungicides, prochloraz and propiconazole significantly inhibited mycelial growth at concentrations of 1 and 5 μg ml-1, respectively. Benomyl and the demethylation-inhibiting fungicides significantly reduced the disease severity of Foc when applied as a root dip treatment, showing disease reduction up to 80.6%. The results also demonstrated that certain quaternary ammonium compounds are effective as sterilants against Foc and should replace the ineffective sterilants that are currently being used. Further field evaluations of the fungicides are required. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Banana; Chemical control; Fusarium oxysporum	chemical control; cultivar; disease severity; fungal disease; fungicide; fungus; pathogen; wilt; Fusarium; Fusarium oxysporum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34250632045	Impact of harvesting practices on nematode communities and yield of sugarcane	Berry S., Spaull V.W., Cadet P.	2007	Crop Protection	26	8	10.1016/j.cropro.2006.10.022	South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, Durban, 4300, South Africa; IRD, CBGP (Centre de Biologie et de Gestion des Populations), UMR-1062, Campus Baillarguet, 34988 Montferrier sur Lez, Montpellier Cedex, France	Berry, S., South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, Durban, 4300, South Africa; Spaull, V.W., South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, Durban, 4300, South Africa; Cadet, P., South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, Durban, 4300, South Africa, IRD, CBGP (Centre de Biologie et de Gestion des Populations), UMR-1062, Campus Baillarguet, 34988 Montferrier sur Lez, Montpellier Cedex, France	On the sandy soils in South Africa damage by plant parasitic nematodes to sugarcane occurs equally in both the plant and ratoon crops. In Australia and Burkina Faso, ratoon crops are less susceptible than plant crops. The aim of the present work was to investigate whether differences in stubble or stool size, resulting from the different harvesting practices in Australia, Burkina Faso and South Africa, affected yield loss in ratoon crops under South African conditions. The Australian hilling up method (producing a larger below-ground stool) had little effect on nematode abundance and population structure but did exhibit reduced yield loss from nematodes in ratoon crops. A large above-ground stubble (similar to that produced by the Burkina Faso harvest method), on its own, was not associated with reduced yield loss. However when a pretrashing treatment was performed just before harvest, then a significant reduction in yield loss occurred in the following crop. Harvest procedures that produced an above-ground stubble were associated with a significantly altered nematode community structure, with increased relative proportions of Helicotylenchus dihystera and decreased proportions of Xiphinema elongatum. Such nematode communities are known to be less pathogenic to sugarcane. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Harvesting practice; Hilling up; Nematodes; Stool; Stubble; Sugarcane	abundance; community structure; crop yield; harvesting; nematode; parasite; population structure; stubble; sugar cane; Africa; Australasia; Australia; Burkina Faso; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Helicotylenchus dishystera; Nematoda; Xiphinema elongatum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548513592	Evaluation of pre-harvest Bacillus licheniformis sprays to control mango fruit diseases	Silimela M., Korsten L.	2007	Crop Protection	26	10	10.1016/j.cropro.2006.12.011	Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	Silimela, M., Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Korsten, L., Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	Bacillus licheniformis was evaluated as a pre-harvest spray treatment either on its own or alternated with copper oxychloride to control mango fruit diseases. Prior to initiating the spray trials, in vitro and in vivo studies were done to determine the effect of stickers, spreaders, a biostimulant and a copper fungicide on the biocontrol agent's ability to effectively attach to and colonise the mango leaf surface. Bioboost, Nufilm-P, Biofilm and Agral 90 did not affect antagonist growth in vitro. However, copper oxychloride and Supafilm inhibited the in vitro growth of B. licheniformis, more pronouncedly after 8 h. The in vivo study showed that stickers and spreaders did not improve the ability of B. licheniformis to attach to and colonise the leaf surface. Pre-harvest B. licheniformis applications alone and alternated with copper sprays applied at 3-weekly intervals from flowering until harvest controlled moderate levels of anthracnose, bacterial black spot and soft rot. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Antagonists; Anthracnose; Bacterial black spot; Biocontrol; Soft rot	antagonism; anthracnose; bacterial disease; bacterium; biocontrol agent; biofilm; biological control; biopesticide; copper compound; crop improvement; disease control; fruit; fungicide; inhibition; Bacillus licheniformis; Bacteria (microorganisms)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548511846	Evaluation of herbicides for weed control in three varieties of upland rice (oryza sativa L.) in the Nigerian Savannah	Ishaya D.B., Dadari S.A., Shebayan J.A.Y.	2007	Crop Protection	26	10	10.1016/j.cropro.2006.12.015	Department of Agronomy, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B 1044, Zaria, Nigeria	Ishaya, D.B., Department of Agronomy, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B 1044, Zaria, Nigeria; Dadari, S.A., Department of Agronomy, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B 1044, Zaria, Nigeria; Shebayan, J.A.Y., Department of Agronomy, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B 1044, Zaria, Nigeria	The effect of herbicides for weed control in three upland rice varieties was evaluated in the Nigerian savannah. Among the herbicides evaluated, pretilachlor+dimethametryne at 2.5 kg a.i./ha and piperophos+cinosulfuron at 1.5 kg a.i/ha perfomed well as they effectively controlled weeds and resulted in better growth and grain yield that was comparable to the hoe-weeded control. Among the rice varieties evaluated, WAB 56-50 and FARO 40 performed better than FARO 38 as they resulted in better growth and yield. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Crop; Herbicides; Rice; Varieties; Weeds	crop yield; growth rate; herbicide; rice; weed control; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Oryza sativa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34748856220	Evaluation of herbicides for weed control in sorghum (Sorghum bicolour) in Nigeria	Ishaya D.B., Dadari S.A., Shebayan J.A.Y.	2007	Crop Protection	26	11	10.1016/j.cropro.2007.02.013	Department of Agronomy, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria	Ishaya, D.B., Department of Agronomy, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria; Dadari, S.A., Department of Agronomy, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria; Shebayan, J.A.Y., Department of Agronomy, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria	Weed infestation is one of the major threats to cereal production in the Nigerian Savanna. Two trials were conducted in 2002 and 2003 to evaluate different types of herbicides for weed control in sorghum. Among the herbicides tested, pretilachlor+dimethametryne at 2.5 kg a.i./ha, cinosulfuron at 0.05 kg a.i./ha and piperophos+cinosulfuron at 1.5 kg a.i./ha performed best as they effectively controlled weeds, increased crop vigour, plant height, reduced crop injury and produced higher grain yield of sorghum. © 2007.	Control hoe-weeding; Herbicides; Sorghum; Weed	crop production; herbicide; sorghum; weed control; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
None	None	Evaluation of Spodoptera exempta nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpexNPV) for the field control of African armyworm (Spodoptera exempta) in Tanzania	Grzywacz D., Mushobozi W.L., Parnell M., Jolliffe F., Wilson K.	2008	Crop Protection	27	1	10.1016/j.cropro.2007.04.005	Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; Pest Control Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Arusha, Tanzania; Institute of Mathematics Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NF, United Kingdom; Department of Biological Sciences, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom	Grzywacz, D., Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; Mushobozi, W.L., Pest Control Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Arusha, Tanzania; Parnell, M., Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; Jolliffe, F., Institute of Mathematics Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NF, United Kingdom; Wilson, K., Department of Biological Sciences, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom	The African armyworm Spodoptera exempta is a major episodic migratory crop pest over much of Eastern and Southern Africa. Control of this pest has been reliant on the use of synthetic chemical insecticides. However, this approach fails to protect poor farmers and is becoming unacceptable for environmental and cost reasons. A programme of field trials was conducted in Tanzania to evaluate the endemic baculovirus, the S. exempta nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpexNPV), as an alternative control. Field trials demonstrated that both ground and aerial application of SpexNPV to armyworm outbreaks on pasture can initiate outbreaks of NPV disease and population collapses. The SpexNPV was effective when applied at 1×1012 occlusion bodies (OB) per hectare if applied to outbreaks early, when larvae are in I-III instar-mass mortalities appear 3-10 days post treatment. The data from these trials indicate that SpexNPV can have a potential role as a substitute for chemical insecticides in strategic armyworm management programmes. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Africa; African armyworm; Baculovirus; Biological control; IPM; Migratory pest; Nucleopolyhedrovirus; Spodoptera exempta	biological control; crop pest; insecticide; mortality; moth; pest control; pest outbreak; viral disease; Africa; Nucleopolyhedrovirus; Spodoptera exempta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36549055033	Evaluation of soybean cultivars for resistance to sclerotinia stalk rot in South Africa	McLaren N.W., Craven M.	2008	Crop Protection	27	2	10.1016/j.cropro.2007.05.010	Department of Plant Sciences, Centre for Plant Health Management, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; ARC-Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag X1251, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa	McLaren, N.W., Department of Plant Sciences, Centre for Plant Health Management, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Craven, M., ARC-Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag X1251, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa	Soybean cultivars were evaluated for resistance to sclerotinia stem rot from 2003/04 to 2005/06 in inoculated, sequentially planted field experiments. Ranking of cultivars according to disease incidence was not correlated over planting dates, seasons or localities, but differential responses of cultivars to the pathogen under different environmental conditions were evident. Nonlinear regression analysis quantified cultivar responses to the pathogen under changing environmental conditions. Regression parameters placed cultivars into three categories, i.e., those linearly related to disease potential, those highly susceptible even at low disease potentials and those with various degrees of resistance despite increasing disease potentials. Regression parameters were used to calculate the disease potential required to initiate disease and the subsequent rate of change in susceptibility with increasing disease potential. Area under the disease potential curve was used to quantify cultivar response to changing environments, but it could not differentiate between the time of disease onset and the rate of disease response to changing environment. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Cultivar evaluation; Resistance; Sclerotinia; Soybean	cultivar; disease incidence; disease resistance; environmental conditions; experimental study; fungal disease; pathogenicity; regression analysis; soybean; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Glycine max; Sclerotinia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38849114280	Legume-maize rotation and nitrogen effects on weed performance in the humid and subhumid tropics of West Africa	Chikoye D., Ekeleme F., Lum A.F., Schulz S.	2008	Crop Protection	27	05-Mar	10.1016/j.cropro.2007.09.007	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Crop Protection, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; German Agro Action, 18th Street Sinkor, Monrovia, Liberia	Chikoye, D., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Ekeleme, F., Department of Crop Protection, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Lum, A.F., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Schulz, S., German Agro Action, 18th Street Sinkor, Monrovia, Liberia	A long-term trial was established in 1998. The objectives among others were to assess the impact of nitrogen, natural bush fallow, and legume-maize rotations on weed growth and species composition in the forest/savanna transition zone (Ibadan) and northern Guinea savanna (Zaria) in Nigeria. At both locations, the experiment was arranged as a split-plot design. The main plots were green manure legumes (Pueraria phaseoloides [Roxb.] Benth in Ibadan and Aeschynomene histrix Poir. in Zaria), a forage legume (Stylosanthes guianensis [Aubl.] Sw.), grain legumes (cowpea [Vigna unguiculata {L.} Walp 'IT-90K-284-2' or soybean [Glycine max {L.} Merr 'TGx 1864 and TGx 1485-1 D'), natural bush fallow, and continuous cropping with maize [Zea mays L.]/cassava [Manihot esculenta Crantz] '82/00058' at Ibadan and maize at Zaria. Grain legumes were either double-cropped in one season by growing short-duration soybean with cowpea varieties sequentially, or by growing long-duration cultivars within one growing season. Nitrogen levels (0 and 30 kg N ha-1) were the subplot treatments. Weed data were collected in 2000 and 2003 after 2 years of continuous cropping or rotation with natural fallow or legumes. Weed density was significantly higher at Zaria (177 plants m-2) than at Ibadan (149 plants m-2). Weed dry matter was higher at Ibadan than at Zaria. Weed density and dry matter were lower in the green manure and forage legume treatments in both years at Ibadan. At Zaria, the forage legume treatment had the lowest weed density and dry matter in 2003 only. In 2003 at Ibadan, per capita weed population growth rate (WPGR) decreased in the green manure and forage legume treatments. There was an increase in WPGR in continuous cropping, double-cropping with cowpea and soybean, and natural bush fallow treatments. At Zaria, WPGR was not affected by fallow type or nitrogen (P&gt;0.05). Redundancy analysis showed significant differences in species composition among the various treatments. Nitrogen level did not affect density, dry matter, or the composition of weeds. © 2007.	Bush fallow; Continuous cropping; Species composition; Weed density	community composition; continuous cropping; crop rotation; dry matter; experimental study; growing season; growth rate; humid environment; legume; maize; nitrogen; population density; transition zone; tropical environment; weed; Africa; Ibadan; Kaduna [Nigeria]; Nigeria; Oyo; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Zaria; Aeschynomene histrix; Glycine max; Manihot esculenta; Pueraria; Pueraria phaseoloides; Stylosanthes guianensis; Vigna unguiculata; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-39549114625	Evaluation of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) live mulch at different spacings for weed suppression and yield response of maize (Zea mays L.) in southwestern Nigeria	Aladesanwa R.D., Adigun A.W.	2008	Crop Protection	27	6	10.1016/j.cropro.2007.11.019	Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, The Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Aladesanwa, R.D., Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, The Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; Adigun, A.W., Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, The Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	The use of living plants for ground cover management in food crops is very recent in spite of the fact that food crop production in chemically killed sod has been practiced for years. A randomized complete block field experiment was conducted over 2 years to evaluate the influence of sweet potato live mulch at different intra row spacings (60 cm×25 cm, 60 cm×50 cm and 60 cm×75 cm) on weed suppression and yield response of maize in southwestern Nigeria. Hoe-weeding once at 3 and 7 weeks after planting was included in the experimental set-up as the standard cultural weed control practice. Results indicated that all the spacing regimes tested significantly (P<0.05) suppressed weed growth and increased grain yield over the unweeded sole maize. Regressing weed growth parameters (Y) against decreasing intra row spacing expressed as increasing plant population density of the sweet potato intercrop (X) showed highly significant (P≤0.001) negative relationships. Of the treatments tested, maize plus sweet potato at 60 cm×25 cm and weeding once at 3 and 7 weeks after planting (WAP) produced the highest yields, but bearing in mind the economics of labour input, weed control and yield, maize plus sweet potato at 60 cm×50 cm would appear to be the most promising of all the treatments. The results of this study further confirm the potential of sweet potato as a suitable crop for use as live mulch that can be effectively exploited for weed suppression and improved growth and yield responses in maize. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Arable crop; Live mulch; Tropics; Weed control	crop production; ground cover; intercropping; maize; mulch; population density; potato; regression analysis; weed control; yield response; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Ipomoea batatas; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-41149139281	Evaluation of some weed control treatments for long season weed control in maize (Zea mays L.) under zero and minimum tillage at Samaru, in Nigeria	Ishaya D.B., Tunku P., Kuchinda N.C.	2008	Crop Protection	27	7	10.1016/j.cropro.2007.11.020	Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zarioa, Nigeria; College of Agriculture, Kabba, Kogi State, Nigeria	Ishaya, D.B., Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zarioa, Nigeria; Tunku, P., College of Agriculture, Kabba, Kogi State, Nigeria; Kuchinda, N.C., Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zarioa, Nigeria	The effect of weed control treatments for long season control of weeds in maize under zero and minimum tillage was evaluated at Samara in northern Nigeria. Among the weed control treatments evaluated, soil ridging plus application of either 2,4-D or atrazine at 1.5 kg a.i/ha performed well as they effectively controlled weeds and resulted in better growth and a grain yield that was comparable to the hand weed control. Maize production under minimum tillage was better than under zero tillage. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Herbicides; Maize; Season; Tillage; Weed	atrazine; growth response; herbicide; maize; tillage; weed control; zero tillage; Africa; Kaduna [Nigeria]; Nigeria; Samaru; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-41249087968	Economic performance of the 'push-pull' technology for stemborer and Striga control in smallholder farming systems in western Kenya	Khan Z.R., Midega C.A.O., Njuguna E.M., Amudavi D.M., Wanyama J.M., Pickett J.A.	2008	Crop Protection	27	7	10.1016/j.cropro.2008.01.005	International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya; University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 25093, Nairobi, 00625, Kenya; Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton 20107, Kenya; Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Kitale, P.O. Box 450, Kitale 30200, Kenya; Biological Chemistry Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom	Khan, Z.R., International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya; Midega, C.A.O., International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya; Njuguna, E.M., International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 25093, Nairobi, 00625, Kenya; Amudavi, D.M., International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton 20107, Kenya; Wanyama, J.M., Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Kitale, P.O. Box 450, Kitale 30200, Kenya; Pickett, J.A., Biological Chemistry Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom	The 'push-pull' technology (PPT), developed in Africa, offers effective control of cereal stemborers and Striga weed in maize-based cropping systems. It involves intercropping maize with desmodium, Desmodium uncinatum, with Napier grass, Pennisetum purpureum, planted as border around this intercrop. Desmodium repels the stemborer moths (push) that are subsequently attracted to the Napier grass (pull). Desmodium also suppresses and eliminates Striga. We assessed economic performance of this technology compared to the conventional maize mono- and maize-bean intercropping systems in six districts in western Kenya over 4-7 years. Ten farmers were randomly recruited in each district and each planted three plots representing the three cropping systems. The cost-benefit analyses were carried out, together with the systems' net returns to land and labour and their discounted net present values (NPV). Maize grain yields and associated gross margins from the PPT system were significantly higher than those in the other two systems. Although the production costs were significantly higher in the PPT than in the two cropping systems in the first cropping year, these reduced to either the same level or significantly lower than in the maize-bean intercrop from the second year onwards in most of the districts. Similarly, the net returns to land and labour with the PPT were significantly higher than with the other two systems. The PPT consistently produced positive NPV when the incremental flows of its benefits compared to those of the two conventional systems were discounted at 10-30%, indicating that PPT is more profitable than the other two systems under realistic production assumptions. PPT is thus a viable option for enhancing productivity and diversification for smallholder farmers who largely depend on limited land resource. Hence, enhancing farmers' access to less costly planting materials and promoting quality education and training in the use of this knowledge-intensive technology could stimulate its successful adoption. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Gross margins; Kenya; Push-pull; Stemborer; Striga	agricultural worker; comparative study; cost-benefit analysis; crop production; crop yield; dicotyledon; grass; intercropping; parasitic plant; pest control; recruitment (population dynamics); stem borer; Africa; East Africa; Kenya; Sub-Saharan Africa; Desmodium; Desmodium uncinatum; Lepidoptera; Nucleopolyhedrovirus; Pennisetum glaucum; Pennisetum purpureum; Striga; Zea mays	None
WoS	WOS:000263853100004	Evaluation of farmers' field days as a dissemination tool for push-pull technology in Western Kenya	Amudavi, David M.,Hassanali, Ahmed,Khan, Zeyaur R.,Midega, Charles A.,Pickett, John A.,Pittchar, Jimmy,Wanyama, Japhether M.	2009	CROP PROTECTION	28	3	10.1016/j.cropro.2008.10.008	Egerton University, Rothamsted Research, ICIPE	"Pickett, John A.: Rothamsted Research",	Our earlier study on farmers' adoption of 'Push-pull' technology (PPT) for management of cereal stem-borers and Striga weed showed that field days (FDs) could be effective in technology dissemination. Hence, in an effort to utilize effective and economical dissemination strategies, we undertook a detailed study in 2007 to assess their effectiveness in PPT dissemination by interviewing 1492 participants randomly selected during participation in FDs. A majority (80%) of the respondents learnt about the biology and damage caused by stemborers and Striga, how PPT works, how to implement PPT and utilize its products, among others. Consequently, over 70% of them favoured its adoption. Participation in FDs was significantly influenced by farmer's district of residence, formal education level, disposition to seek agricultural knowledge, and intensity of Striga infestation and low soil fertility. Knowledge and skills about PPT learnt by respondents, FD facilitators' knowledge and skills, logistical organization and overall FDs effectiveness significantly correlated with the odds of enhancing farmers' ability to plant and manage maize using PPT. With improved organization, FDs can overcome information and learning-related constraints to stem-borer and Striga weed control, thereby increasing cereal production. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	"field days",KENYA,"'Push-pull' technology",stemborers,STRIGA,ADOPTION,INFORMATION,"INTEGRATED PEST-MANAGEMENT",MAIZE,"PENNISETUM-PURPUREUM VARIETIES","SMALLHOLDER FARMING SYSTEMS",STEMBORERS,STRATEGIES,"STRIGA CONTROL","TRAP PLANTS"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-60349111330	Evaluation of resistance in selected cocoa genotypes to the brown cocoa mirid, Sahlbergella singularis Haglund in Nigeria	Anikwe J.C., Omoloye A.A., Aikpokpodion P.O., Okelana F.A., Eskes A.B.	2009	Crop Protection	28	4	10.1016/j.cropro.2008.11.014	Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Idi-Ayunre, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Bioversity International, URAD, Agropolis, France	Anikwe, J.C., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Idi-Ayunre, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Omoloye, A.A., Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Aikpokpodion, P.O., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Idi-Ayunre, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Okelana, F.A., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Idi-Ayunre, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Eskes, A.B., Bioversity International, URAD, Agropolis, France	The use of host-plant resistance is the most economic and ecologically sound option for the control of the most important insect pest of cocoa, Sahlbergella singularis leaving no deleterious side effects on the produce and the environment. 44 genotypes comprising 24 hybrids and 20 clones were assessed for antixenosis whereas 25 and 28 genotypes were tested for antibiosis and tolerance, respectively. The brown cocoa mirids showed significant non-preference for genotypes T65/7xT57/22, T65/7xT9/15, P7xPa150, T53/5xN38, T53/5xT12/11, T65/35xT30/13, F3 Amazon, T86/2xT16/17, T65/7xT53/8, T86/2xT65/35, T82/27xT16/17, T9/15, T12/5, T30/13, C77, T53/8, T53/5, EET59, Pa150, UF 676, Amaz15-15, BE 10, SPEC54 and Pa107. Mirid survival (antibiosis) was lowest in EET59 (28.7%) while it ranged from 52.2 to 67.8% in genotypes BE10, Amaz15-15, SPEC54, UF 676, P7xPa150, and Pa107. The indigenous clone N38 had the highest number of lesions of 12.2 in the field while EET59, IFC-5, Playa Alta, BE10, Amaz15-15 and SPEC54 had mirid lesions of 2.7, 3.3, 5.2, 5.3, 5.5 and 5.5; respectively. However, in terms of recovery from mirid damage and dieback progression which were important parameters assessed in tolerance, Clones ICS1, EET59, BE 10, Amaz15-15, SPEC54 and Pa 102 showed highest rate of recovery from mirid damage and lowest dieback progression. Clones UF 676, C77, Pa150 and F3 Amazon also showed moderate recovery from mirid damage with mean scores of 1.2, 2.3, 1.6, 1.4, 1.7, 1.4 and 1.5, respectively. UF 676, C77, Pa150 and F3 Amazon performed moderately well in terms of tolerance. Some of these genotypes such as BE10, Amaz15-15, SPEC54, UF 676, P7xPa150, and Pa107 were very consistent in all mechanisms of resistance tested and therefore adjudged as resistant cocoa genotypes. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Antibiosis; Antixenosis; Cocoa genotypes; Sahlbergella singularis; Tolerance	clone; cocoa; genotype; host plant; pest resistance; testing method; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Hexapoda; Miridae; Sahlbergella singularis; Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77950917461	The effect of the incidence of cassava anthracnose disease (CAD) on the performance and yield of cassava cultivars	Obilo O.P., Ikotun B., Ihejirika G.O., Ibeawuchi I.I., Oben T.T.	2010	Crop Protection	29	5	10.1016/j.cropro.2009.11.009	Dept. of Crop Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Dept. Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Agric. and Forestry, University	Obilo, O.P., Dept. of Crop Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Ikotun, B., Dept. Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Agric. and Forestry, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Ihejirika, G.O., Dept. of Crop Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Ibeawuchi, I.I., Dept. of Crop Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Oben, T.T., Research Department, PAMOL Plantations Plc, Lobe Estate, South Western Region, Cameroon	The objective of this work was to assess the effect of the incidence of cassava anthracnose disease (CAD) on the performance and yield of cassava cultivars planted in Owerri, Imo state. Eighteen cultivars were planted in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times over a period of 3 years. Cultivars TMS 30211, TMS 30001, 98/0510 and TMS 4(2)1425 were regarded as resistant due to the possession of more than three desirable characteristics such as the least size of cankers and absence of cankers in the first and second trials (2003/04 and 2004/05) respectively, lowest severity score and highest weight of healthy fresh tuber and stems. They are recommended for use as parent materials for breeding for resistance to CAD. Cultivar Akwakwuru had the largest size of cankers on whole plant, highest fresh weight of infected tubers and stems which led to low yield and less planting materials. It is regarded as susceptible and may lead to spread of CAD. The correlation of weight of infected fresh tubers on size of canker on whole plant, young stem and maturing stem were positively and highly significantly correlated (r = 0.645, r = 0.470, r = 0.583 and r = 0.622, respectively). Crown Copyright © 2009.	Cultivars; Resistant; Severity; Susceptible	cassava; correlation; cultivar; disease incidence; disease resistance; disease severity; microbial activity; yield response; Imo; Nigeria; Owerri; Manihot esculenta; Tuber (truffle)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951723791	Evaluation of entomopathogenic fungi against Cataenococcus ensete [Williams and Matile-Ferrero, (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae)] on enset	Lemawork S., Azerefegne F., Alemu T., Addis T., Blomme G.	2011	Crop Protection	30	4	10.1016/j.cropro.2010.12.018	Bureau of Agriculture, Plant Protection Laboratory, Awassa, Ethiopia; Hawassa University, College of Agriculture, P.O. Box 05, Awassa, Ethiopia; Southern Agricultural Research Institute (SARI), Awassa Research Center, P.O. Box 06, Awassa, Ethiopia; Bioversity International, P.O. Box 24384, Kampala, Uganda	Lemawork, S., Bureau of Agriculture, Plant Protection Laboratory, Awassa, Ethiopia; Azerefegne, F., Hawassa University, College of Agriculture, P.O. Box 05, Awassa, Ethiopia; Alemu, T., Hawassa University, College of Agriculture, P.O. Box 05, Awassa, Ethiopia; Addis, T., Southern Agricultural Research Institute (SARI), Awassa Research Center, P.O. Box 06, Awassa, Ethiopia; Blomme, G., Bioversity International, P.O. Box 24384, Kampala, Uganda	Enset root mealybug, Cataenococcus ensete Williams and Matile-Ferrero, (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) is an economically important pest on enset. Adults and nymphs of overlapping generations feed on the corms and roots of enset and are difficult to control once established. Isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnickoff) Sorokin that originated from Ethiopia were evaluated for their efficacies against enset root mealybugs under laboratory, pots and field conditions. Of the tested isolates, two strains (FF and PPRC-56) of B. bassiana were found to be highly pathogenic to adults, causing 97 and 100% mortality, respectively 20 days after inoculation under laboratory conditions. On the other hand, the isolates PPRC-56, FF, PPRC-6 and Mm induced mean mortalities of 97, 95, 96 and 83%, respectively, to the adult enset root mealybugs on the pot experiment, and 51.33, 38.67, 29.33 and 19.33% mortality at the first site and 54.00, 42.67, 32.00 and 25.33% at the second site, respectively, in field experiments. The study showed B. bassiana and M. anisopliae can be used in the integrated management of enset root mealybug. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.	Beauveria bassiana; Cataenococcus ensete; Enset root mealybug; Ethiopia; Metarhizium anisopliae	entomopathogenic organism; fungus; inoculation; insect; integrated pest management; monocotyledon; mortality; pest species; Ethiopia; Bulnesia sarmienti; Cordyceps bassiana; Ensete; Fungi; Hemiptera; Metarhizium anisopliae; Pseudococcidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959794227	Evaluations of shallot genotypes for resistance against fusarium basal rot (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae) disease	Sintayehu A., Fininsa C., Ahmed S., Sakhuja P.K.	2011	Crop Protection	30	9	10.1016/j.cropro.2011.04.011	School of Plant Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; International Centre of Agricultural Research in Dry Areas, P.O. Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria, Syrian Arab Republic	Sintayehu, A., School of Plant Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Fininsa, C., School of Plant Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Ahmed, S., International Centre of Agricultural Research in Dry Areas, P.O. Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria, Syrian Arab Republic; Sakhuja, P.K., School of Plant Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia	Fusarium basal rot (FBR) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae (Foc) is one of the most significant production constraint to shallot. Field experiment was conducted in a naturally Foc infested soil at Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center during 2006 and 2007 cropping seasons to evaluate the level of resistance of sixteen shallot genotypes against FBR disease. Treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design with four replications. The genotypes significantly varied in their susceptibility to FBR and yield. They were grouped into tolerant, moderately and highly susceptible types. Five genotypes (DZ-Sht-168-1A, DZ-Sht-157-1B, Huruta, Negelle and DZ-Sht-169-1b) were identified to be tolerant as they had reduced disease severity levels from 26.8 to 32.5% and increased mean yield by more than 5 t ha-1 compared to highly susceptible genotypes (DZ-Sht-076-4, DZ-Sht-201-1C and DZ-Sht-054-3A). Among the tolerant genotypes, DZ-Sht-169-1b had greatly reduced bulb rot incidence by 48% in ground storage and 30% in wire mesh shelf as compared to highly susceptible genotype DZ-Sht-201-1C. The tolerant genotypes have high yielding characteristic, and farmers could adopt them for cultivation where FBR is a problem. © 2011.	Allium cepa var. ascalonicum; Bulb rot; Bulb storage; Disease tolerance	crop production; crop yield; cultivar; cultivation; disease resistance; disease severity; experimental design; field method; fungal disease; genotype; monocotyledon; tolerance; yield response; Debre Zeit; Ethiopia; Allium ascalonicum; Allium cepa; Fusarium; Fusarium oxysporum; Fusarium sp.	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873245871	Yield and agronomic performance of maize hybrids resistant to the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)	Tefera T., Demissie G., Mugo S., Beyene Y.	2013	Crop Protection	46	None	10.1016/j.cropro.2012.12.010	International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRAF House, UN Avenue, Gigiri, PO Box 1041, 00621 Village Market, Nairobi, Kenya; Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Bako National Maize Research Project, Po Box 2003, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia	Tefera, T., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRAF House, UN Avenue, Gigiri, PO Box 1041, 00621 Village Market, Nairobi, Kenya; Demissie, G., Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Bako National Maize Research Project, Po Box 2003, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia; Mugo, S., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRAF House, UN Avenue, Gigiri, PO Box 1041, 00621 Village Market, Nairobi, Kenya; Beyene, Y., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRAF House, UN Avenue, Gigiri, PO Box 1041, 00621 Village Market, Nairobi, Kenya	This study evaluated improved maize hybrids (Zea mays L.) with varying level of resistance to the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, for yield and agronomic traits for two seasons. A total of 22 improved maize hybrids and three commercial standards were tested. Out of the 22 tested, two hybrids CKPH08035 (7.4-9.9 t ha-1) and CKPH08039 (7.3-9.8 t ha-1) significantly out yielded the commercial standards WH505 (8.8 t ha-1) and BH140 (5.5 t ha-1). In addition to yield, the improved hybrids also possess desirable traits including good plant height, good plant and ear aspects and good husk cover. The hybrid CKPH08004 had the lowest Dobie index of susceptibility and was regarded as resistant to S. zeamais. Weevils fed with the resistant hybrids produced low numbers of F1 generation weevils, had a high median developmental time and a low percentage of grain damage and grain weight loss. An increasing number of F1 generation resulted in an increasing grain damage and grain weight loss. We found an inverse relationship between the susceptibility index and percent mortality. However, the numbers of F1 generation, percent grain damage and grain weight loss were positively correlated with the susceptibility index. The use of resistant maize hybrids should be promoted in managing S. zeamais in stored maize under subsistence farming conditions in Africa. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.	Grain yield; Host resistance; Maize; Postharvest loss; Sitophilus zeamais	agronomy; beetle; crop damage; crop yield; hybrid; index method; mortality; performance assessment; pest resistance; pest species; plant-herbivore interaction; Coleoptera; Curculionidae; Sitophilus zeamais; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875651218	Evaluation of adjuvants for enhanced management of Podosphaera xanthii using potassium silicate and biocontrol agents	Tesfagiorgis H.B., Annegarn H.J.	2013	Crop Protection	48	None	10.1016/j.cropro.2013.03.002	Department of Geography Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 425, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Tesfagiorgis, H.B., Department of Geography Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 425, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Annegarn, H.J., Department of Geography Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 425, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa	Three adjuvants [polyether-polymethylsiloxane-copolymer (Break-Thru®), alkoxylated fatty alkylamine polymer/ethoxylated sorbitane ester (Partner 650®) and polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monooleate (Tween-80®)] were compared for their ability to improve the efficacy of potassium silicate and biocontrol agents (BCAs) against powdery mildew of zucchini caused by Podosphaera xanthii (Castagne) U. Braun &amp; Shishkoff. The most effective adjuvant was investigated for its direct impact on the pathogen and deposition of BCAs using electron microscopy and its compatibility with the BCAs and zucchini plant was evaluated to establish an integrated management of powdery mildew. Furthermore, effects of Si spray in accumulation of Si and K in the leaves were measured. Break-Thru® and Partner 650® improved the efficacy of silicate by 18-35%. The best adjuvant, Break-Thru®, caused a collapse and degeneration of the conidia and hyphae of the pathogen, restricted growth and spread of the powdery mildew colonies by binding its propagative structures, and improved deposition of BCAs on the leaf surface and the fungus. Break-Thru® was compatible with the plant and the BCAs at concentrations &lt;0.4 ml l-1, and can be used with selected BCAs and SiO2 for an integrated management of powdery mildew. SiO2 applied as a foliar spray increased the level of Si in zucchini leaves, which may contribute to systemic resistance of the plant against the disease. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Adjuvant; Biocontrol agents; Podosphaera xanthii; Potassium silicate; Powdery mildew; Zucchini	biocontrol agent; deposition; disease control; electron microscopy; fungus; growth rate; integrated approach; pathogen; plant community; Cucurbita pepo var. melopepo; Erysiphales; Fungi; Podosphaera xanthii	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892855550	The impact of tillage system and herbicides on weed density, diversity and yield of cotton (Gossipium hirsutum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) under the smallholder sector	Mavunganidze Z., Madakadze I.C., Nyamangara J., Mafongoya P.	2014	Crop Protection	58	None	10.1016/j.cropro.2013.12.024	Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Matopos Research Station P.O. Box 776, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP 167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Mavunganidze, Z., Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; Madakadze, I.C., Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; Nyamangara, J., International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Matopos Research Station P.O. Box 776, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; Mafongoya, P., Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP 167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	The study was carried out to evaluate the impact of tillage system in combination with different herbicides on weed density, diversity, crop growth and yields on 18 farms in Kadoma, Zimbabwe. Experiments were set up as a split plot design with three replications on each farm. Tillage was the main plot (Conservation Tillage (CT), Conventional Tillage (CONV)) and weeding option (hand weeding, cyanazine, atrazine, glyphosate only and mixture of cyanazine+alachlor and atrazine+alachlor) as the sub-plots. Due to the heterogeneous nature of farmers' resource base, the farms were grouped into three farm types: high (Type 1), medium (Type 2) and poorly resourced farmers (Type 3). The hand hoe weeded treatments had 49 percent higher total weed densities in CT relative to CONV, and was statistically similar to the glyphosate treatment. The mixed pre-emergence herbicides reduced the diversity indices by 69 and 70 percent when compared to the hand hoe weeded treatment under CT in cotton and maize, respectively. The effectiveness of all pre-emergence herbicides were not influenced by tillage but were affected by farmers resource endowments with pronounced effect in Farm Type 1. Maximum plant heights of 85and 238cm were recorded for mixed pre-emergence herbicides under CT for cotton and maize, respectively. Minimum plant heights of 75and 217cm were recorded for the respective hand hoe weeded treatments. The hand hoe weeded treatments resulted in average cotton lint yield of 1497and 2018kgha-1 for maize. The mixed pre-emergence herbicides treatments gave yields of 2138 and 2356kgha-1 of cotton and maize, respectively. The higher weed densities in CT under hand weeded treatments underscored the need for other weeding options. Similarly, a mixture of cyanazine+alachlor in cotton and atrazine+alachlor in maize is recommended for suppressing broad and grass weed populations and enhancing yields in CT systems. © 2014.	Atrazine; Conservation Tillage; Cotton; Cyanazine; Maize; Weeding system	conservation tillage; cotton; emergence; glyphosate; maize; smallholder; species diversity; statistical analysis; weed control; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896361933	Evaluation of acaricide-treated string curtains for control of two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) on greenhouse roses and impact of the string curtain on the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acari	Deletre E.M., Bonafos R., Martin T.	2014	Crop Protection	60	None	10.1016/j.cropro.2014.02.005	Cirad, UPR Hortsys, Montferrier, 34980 Montpellier, France; SupAgro, USAE, 34000 Montpellier, France; Icipe, African Insect Science for Food and Health, Plant Health Division, PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya	Deletre, E.M., Cirad, UPR Hortsys, Montferrier, 34980 Montpellier, France; Bonafos, R., SupAgro, USAE, 34000 Montpellier, France; Martin, T., Cirad, UPR Hortsys, Montferrier, 34980 Montpellier, France, Icipe, African Insect Science for Food and Health, Plant Health Division, PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya	Foliar sprays of pesticides are frequently used to control two-spotted mites on rose flowers, but these also destroy predatory mites and pose a high risk of contamination for humans and the environment. Using a novel approach to avoid spray applications on rose plants, modified acaricide-treated string curtains were adapted to control the pest. Two main aims of this study were: (i) to identify the lethal concentration of string curtains treated with propargite, dicofol, flufenoxuron, acrinathrin or tau-fluvalinate (τ-fluvalinate) on Tetranychus urticae, and (ii) to test the design (feasibility) and efficiency of the string curtains to trap the phytophagous mites on the plants during their circadian migration. Bioassay results in the lab confirmed T.urticae circadian migration, toxicity of the five kinds of treated string curtains and a concentration-dependent repellent effect of each chemical on T.urticae females. Of the two products tested in the field, dicofol was more effective than acrinathrin in controlling T.urticae compared to an acaricidal spray of the same products. The effect of acaricide-treated string curtain use on Phytoseiulus persimilis did not differ significantly from the control. The string curtain technique proved to be effective, but because of some biotic and abiotic constraints and the low economic threshold of mites, even for the commercialized high canopy stem roses, the present device could be more appropriate for another horticultural crop, e.g. tomato. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Impregnated material; Phytoseiulus persimilis; Repellency; Roses; Tetranychus urticae; Toxicity	acaricide; bioassay; canopy; design; horticulture; migration; mite; pest control; pesticide; pollution effect; predator; risk factor; shrub; threshold; toxicity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904338700	Evaluation of two organosilicone adjuvants at reduced foliar spray volumes in South African citrus orchards of different canopy densities	van Zyl J.G., Sieverding E.G., Viljoen D.J., Fourie P.H.	2014	Crop Protection	64	None	10.1016/j.cropro.2014.06.024	Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Citrus Research International, P.O. Box 28, Nelspruit, South Africa; Evonik Africa (Pty) Ltd, P.O. Box 3739, Somerset West 7129, South Africa; Evonik Industries AG, Goldschmidtstraße 100, 45127 Essen, Germany	van Zyl, J.G., Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa, Citrus Research International, P.O. Box 28, Nelspruit, South Africa; Sieverding, E.G., Evonik Industries AG, Goldschmidtstraße 100, 45127 Essen, Germany; Viljoen, D.J., Evonik Africa (Pty) Ltd, P.O. Box 3739, Somerset West 7129, South Africa; Fourie, P.H., Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa, Citrus Research International, P.O. Box 28, Nelspruit, South Africa	van Zyl, J.G., Sieverding, E.G., Viljoen, D.J., Fourie, P.H., 2014. Evaluation of two organosilicone adjuvants atreduced foliar spray volumes in South African citrus orchards of different canopy densities Crop Protection 00:0000-0000.Citrus producers in South Africa generally use high spray volumes (6000 to 16,000lha-1) to control pests and diseases adequately for the fresh fruit market. In order to study the benefit of organosilicone adjuvants at reduced spray volumes, trials were conducted with two organo tri-siloxane adjuvants. Two separate spray trials were conducted in the Western and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa in uniform navel orange orchards. Break-Thru S240 (super-spreader) and Break-Thru Union (spreader-sticker), at recommended dosages per hectare (300mlha-1, respectively), were sprayed separately in combination with a yellow fluorescent pigment (1mll-1) at a high (20l tree-1≈9600 to 12,100lha-1, depending on tree and inter-row spacing), medium (14l tree-1≈6500 to 8500lha-1) and low (8l tree-1≈3700 to 4800lha-1) spray application volumes. Sprays consisting of the fluorescent pigment in water alone were used as control treatments. Trees were sprayed from both sides with a commercial multi-fan tower sprayer (BSF-Multiwing) at a constant tractor speed (2.4kmh-1) and spray pressure (1500kPa). The different spray volumes were achieved by using different spray nozzles (TeeJet Disc-Core type; full and hollow cone nozzles D3-DC56/46, D4-DC56/46, D5-DC56/46). Leaves were sampled from six canopy positions (inner and outer canopy position at bottom, middle and top of the tree). Deposition quantity and quality of fluorescent pigment were determined on upper and lower leaf surfaces using fluorometry, digital photomacrography and image analyses. Spray uniformity and efficiency were also compared among treatments. Deposition quantity generally increased with increasing spray volume, but normalised values showed better spray efficiency at lower volumes. In pruned and less dense canopies, a beneficial effect of adjuvants was observed in terms of deposition quantity, efficiency and uniformity, especially at reduced volume applications (14l tree-1) on the inside and outside of the canopy. Little improvement in deposition quality was generally observed with the use of adjuvants. These benefits were not as evident in very dense canopies, illustrating the importance of canopy management when spraying at reduced volumes. Data obtained from the study is valuable for future improvement in spray application methodology in South Africa and other developing countries. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Canopy management; Deposition quality; Deposition quantity; Deposition uniformity; Digital image analysis; Fluorometry	biological control; canopy; digital image; evergreen tree; fluorescence; fluorometry; pest control; pigment; silicon; spray; volume; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84942436002	The thermal design, characterization, and performance of the Spider long-duration balloon cryostat	Gudmundsson J.E., Ade P.A.R., Amiri M., Benton S.J., Bock J.J., Bond J.R., Bryan S.A., Chiang H.C., Contaldi C.R., Crill B.P., Dore O., Filippini J.P., Fraisse A.A., Gambrel A., Gandilo N.N., Hasselfield M., Halpern M., Hilton G., Holmes W., Hristov V.V.,	2015	Cryogenics	72	None	10.1016/j.cryogenics.2015.09.002	Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States; School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States; Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Theoretical Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, United States; Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States; School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignIL, United States; Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States; Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Orsay, France; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research CIFAR Program in Cosmology and Gravity, Toronto, ON, Canada	Gudmundsson, J.E., Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States; Ade, P.A.R., School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Amiri, M., Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Benton, S.J., Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Bock, J.J., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States, Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Bond, J.R., Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Bryan, S.A., Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States; Chiang, H.C., School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Contaldi, C.R., Theoretical Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Crill, B.P., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States, Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Dore, O., Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignIL, United States; Filippini, J.P., Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States; Fraisse, A.A., Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States; Gambrel, A., Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Gandilo, N.N., Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States; Hasselfield, M., Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Halpern, M., National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, United States; Hilton, G., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States; Holmes, W., Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Hristov, V.V., Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Irwin, K.D., Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States; Jones, W.C., Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States; Kermish, Z., Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States; MacTavish, C.J., Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Mason, P.V., Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Megerian, K., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States; Moncelsi, L., Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Montroy, T.E., Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States; Morford, T.A., Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Nagy, J.M., Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States; Netterfield, C.B., Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research CIFAR Program in Cosmology and Gravity, Toronto, ON, Canada; Rahlin, A.S., Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States; Reintsema, C.D., National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, United States; Ruhl, J.E., Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States; Runyan, M.C., Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Shariff, J.A., Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Soler, J.D., Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Orsay, France; Trangsrud, A., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States, Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Tucker, C., School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Tucker, R.S., Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Turner, A.D., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States; Wiebe, D.V., Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Young, E., Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States	We describe the Spider flight cryostat, which is designed to cool six millimeter-wavelength telescopes during an Antarctic long-duration balloon flight. The cryostat, one of the largest to have flown on a stratospheric payload, uses liquid 4He to deliver cooling power to stages at 4.2 and 1.6 K. Stainless steel capillaries facilitate a high flow impedance connection between the main liquid helium tank and a smaller superfluid tank, allowing the latter to operate at 1.6 K as long as there is liquid in the 4.2 K main tank. Each telescope houses a closed cycle 3He adsorption refrigerator that further cools the focal planes down to 300 mK. Liquid helium vapor from the main tank is routed through heat exchangers that cool radiation shields, providing negative thermal feedback. The system performed successfully during a 17 day flight in the 2014-2015 Antarctic summer. The cryostat had a total hold time of 16.8 days, with 15.9 days occurring during flight. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Cosmic microwave background; Cryostat; Instrumentation; Stratospheric payload	Balloons; Cosmology; Cryostats; Heating; Helium; Liquefied gases; Liquids; Meteorological balloons; Sounding rockets; Stainless steel; Tanks (containers); Telescopes; Adsorption refrigerator; Cosmic microwave backgrounds; Instrumentation; Long duration balloons; Millimeter wavelength; Stratospheric payload; Thermal designs; Thermal feedback; Superfluid helium	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859107308	Distribution-free exponentially weighted moving average control charts for monitoring unknown location	Graham M.A., Mukherjee A., Chakraborti S.	2012	Computational Statistics and Data Analysis	56	8	10.1016/j.csda.2012.02.010	Department of Statistics, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India; Department of Information Systems, Statistics and Management Science, University of Alabama, United States	Graham, M.A., Department of Statistics, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Mukherjee, A., Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India; Chakraborti, S., Department of Information Systems, Statistics and Management Science, University of Alabama, United States	Distribution-free (nonparametric) control charts provide a robust alternative to a data analyst when there is lack of knowledge about the underlying distribution. A two-sided nonparametric Phase II exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart, based on the exceedance statistics (EWMA-EX), is proposed for detecting a shift in the location parameter of a continuous distribution. The nonparametric EWMA chart combines the advantages of a nonparametric control chart (known and robust in-control performance) with the better shift detection properties of an EWMA chart. Guidance and recommendations are provided for practical implementation of the chart along with illustrative examples. A performance comparison is made with the traditional (normal theory) EWMA chart for subgroup averages and a recently proposed nonparametric EWMA chart based on the WilcoxonMannWhitney statistics. A summary and some concluding remarks are given. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Binomial; Markov chain; Nonparametric; Quality control; Robust; Run-length; Search algorithm; Simulation	Binomial; Non-parametric; Robust; Run length; Search Algorithms; Simulation; Markov processes; Quality control; Flowcharting	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84913573170	Evaluation of failures in mechanical crankshafts of automobile based on expert opinion	Kareem B.	2015	Case Studies in Engineering Failure Analysis	3	None	10.1016/j.csefa.2014.11.001	Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria	Kareem, B., Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria	In this study, mechanical crankshaft failures for automobiles are evaluated based on experts' opinion. This was done using data obtained using techniques based on oral interviews and questionnaire administration on mechanical failure of crankshafts from the experts working in the areas of automobile maintenance and crankshafts reconditioning. The data collected were analyzed using statistical methods based on probability. With this technique, probability of failure for each category of automobiles namely private, commercial cars and buses were evaluated. The results obtained show that private cars had lowest failure rate at the initial stage while commercial buses had the highest failure rate. At later periods all categories of automobile crankshafts considered had their failure rates converged steadily with stable reliability. Application of 6-sigma continuous improvement tool to the process indicated a further reliability improvement through improved oil lubrication system, especially in the thrust bearing. This showed that increased enlightenment campaign among the various stakeholders in automobile industries will improve on the choice of reliable mechanical crankshafts. © 2014 The Authors.	Crankshaft failure; Experts' opinion; Sigma quality; Statistical analysis	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928317807	Performance modeling of industrial gas turbines with inlet air filtration system	Effiom S.O., Abam F.I., Ohunakin O.S.	2015	Case Studies in Thermal Engineering	5	None	10.1016/j.csite.2015.03.008	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cross River University of Technology, P.M.B 1123, Calabar, Nigeria; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, P.M.B 7276, Umudike, Umuhia, Nigeria; Department of Mechanical Engine	Effiom, S.O., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cross River University of Technology, P.M.B 1123, Calabar, Nigeria; Abam, F.I., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, P.M.B 7276, Umudike, Umuhia, Nigeria; Ohunakin, O.S., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Covenant University Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	Abstract The effect of inlet air filtration on the performance of two industrial gas turbines (GT) is presented. Two GTs were modeled similar to GE LM2500+ and Alstom GT13 E2-2012, using TURBOMATCH and chosen to operate at environmental conditions of Usan offshore oilfield and Maiduguri dessert in Nigeria. The inlet pressure recovered (Precov) from the selected filters used in Usan offshore, and Maiduguri ranged between 98.36≤Precov≤99.51% and 98.67≤Precov≤99.56% respectively. At reduced inlet Precov by 98.36% (1.66 kPa) and, at a temperature above 15 C (ISA), a reduction of 16.9%, and 7.3% of power output and efficiency was obtained using GT13 E2-2012, while a decrease of 14.8% and 4.7% exist for power output and efficiency with GE LM2500+. In addition, a reduction in mass flow rate of air and fuel under the same condition was between 4.3≤mair≤10.6% and 10.4≤mfuel≤11.5% for GT13 E2-2012 and GE LM2500+, correspondingly. However, the GE LM2500+ was more predisposed to intake pressure drops since it functioned at a higher overall pressure ratio. The results obtained were found worthwhile and could be the basis for filter selection and efficient compressor housing design in the locations concerned. © 2015 The Authors.	Contaminants; Filters; Gas turbine; Pressure drop; Turbomatch	Architectural design; Drops; Filters (for fluids); Gas turbines; Gases; Impurities; Oil fields; Pressure drop; Environmental conditions; Filter selection; Industrial gas turbines; Mass flow rate of air; Offshore oilfield; Overall pressure ratios; Performance Model; TURBOMATCH; Air filters	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930698491	Integrating the informal with the formal: An estimation of the impacts of a shift from paratransit line-haul to feeder service provision in Cape Town	Del Mistro R., Behrens R.	2015	Case Studies on Transport Policy	3	2	10.1016/j.cstp.2014.10.001	Centre for Transport Studies, University of Cape Town, Private Bag x3, Rondebosch, South Africa	Del Mistro, R., Centre for Transport Studies, University of Cape Town, Private Bag x3, Rondebosch, South Africa; Behrens, R., Centre for Transport Studies, University of Cape Town, Private Bag x3, Rondebosch, South Africa	Feeder-trunk-distribution service arrangements are a possible means of integrating paratransit services with scheduled services in public transport system reform projects. In such arrangements the transport authority would concentrate on providing or contracting a high capacity trunk service using large vehicles on corridors with the requisite passenger demand, while paratransit operators would be relegated to only providing feeder and distribution services using smaller vehicles in adjacent areas. This paper explores the veracity of a perception amongst paratransit operators in Cape Town that operating feeder services is less lucrative than operating direct services. A public transport cost model is used to explore the implications of such a change in service operation, using cost and travel demand input data currently applicable in Cape Town. The modelling results suggest that individual minibus operators would be more profitable if they only provided feeder/distribution services, but that improved operating efficiencies would come at the cost of a reduction in the required minibus fleet and associated jobs. It is therefore concluded that if a feeder-trunk-distribution scheme is pursued as a means of integrating paratransit into a revitalised public transport system, considerable attention should to be given to developing strategies that absorb as many paratransit operators displaced by high capacity trunk services as possible. Providing feeder and distribution services for new choice passengers attracted to the improved trunk service may hold promise in this regard. © 2014 World Conference on Transport Research Society.	Feeder; Line-haul; Paratransit	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-30044433053	Evaluation of electrodialysis for the treatment of an industrial solid waste leachate	Schoeman J.J., Steyn A., Makgae M.	2005	Desalination	186	42372	10.1016/j.desal.2005.04.061	University of Pretoria, Department of Chemical Engineering, Water Utilisation Division, Pretoria, South Africa	Schoeman, J.J., University of Pretoria, Department of Chemical Engineering, Water Utilisation Division, Pretoria, South Africa; Steyn, A., University of Pretoria, Department of Chemical Engineering, Water Utilisation Division, Pretoria, South Africa; Makgae, M., University of Pretoria, Department of Chemical Engineering, Water Utilisation Division, Pretoria, South Africa	A hazardous leachate from an industrial landfill site is stored in lined dams. The TDS (approximately 100 g/l) and the organic concentration (approximately 70 g/l COD) of the leachate are high. The high TDS concentration of the leachate would make treatment with reverse osmosis (RO) very difficult. The leachate also contains high concentrations of iron, manganese, barium, strontium and phenolics. This leachate has the potential to pollute the water environment, if the dams overflow. Therefore, electrodialysis (ED) was evaluated as an alternative technology to desalinate/concentrate the leachate for effluent volume reduction and pollution control. Physical/chemical pretreatment of the leachate with fly ash and chemicals have shown that the fouling potential of the leachate for membrane systems could be significantly reduced. The AFN anionic membrane from Tokuyama Soda was found to be the most resistant anionic membrane towards membrane fouling during tests in a membrane fouling test cell. This membrane was then used in a laboratory-scale ED stack to evaluate the process for treatment of the leachate. It was found that the leachate could be effectively desalinated/concentrated with ED. The desalinated effluent was significantly less toxic and more biodegradable than the ED feed or brine which comprised approximately 38% of the treated leachate. It also appears that it should be possible to control membrane fouling with regular membrane cleanings. Electrodialysis pilot tests were finally conducted in the batch and feed-and-bleed modes to develop process design criteria for a full-scale application. It was found that an excellent quality water could be produced with batch ED treatment followed by RO desalination. The treated water is almost of potable quality (645 mg/l TDS) except for high COD (935 mg/l). Feed-and-bleed ED pilot tests have shown that the TDS of the leachate could be reduced from 116,255 mg/l to 2,435 mg/l (5 stage ED). Brine volume comprised approximately 41% of the treated leachate. The capital cost of an 80 kl/d (feed) ED plant is estimated at 2.38 million US$. Operational costs are estimated at 28.96 US$/kl. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Electrodialysis; Leachate characterisation; Leachate treatment; Membrane characteristics; Membrane fouling; Pollution control; Reverse osmosis; Treatment costs; Volume reduction	Industrial waste treatment; Leachate treatment; Membranes; Pollution control; Reverse osmosis; Solid wastes; Leachate characterisation; Membrane characteristics; Membrane fouling; Treatment costs; Volume reduction; Electrodialysis; electrodialysis; filtration; leachate; membrane	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38849188454	Evaluation of electrodialysis for the treatment of a hazardous leachate	Schoeman J.J.	2008	Desalination	224	42372	10.1016/j.desal.2007.02.090	Department of Chemical Engineering, Water Utilisation Division, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Schoeman, J.J., Department of Chemical Engineering, Water Utilisation Division, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	The chloride concentration of a hazardous leachate of approximately 22,000 mg/l is too high for the direct discharge requirement of less than 1000 mg/l into the municipal sewerage system. Electrodialysis (ED) was selected amongst various other alternative technologies for the desalination/concentration of the leachate. Lime pretreatment of the leachate was superior to caustic soda treatment for the removal of scale-forming chemicals (Ca, Ba, Sr, Fe, Mn). Membrane fouling took place during ED treatment. However, membrane fouling should be restored with polarity reversal and mechanical cleaning of the membranes. Batch ED tests have shown that ED performance remained more or less constant during eight desalination/concentration runs. The electrical energy consumption for ion transport and brine volume varied between 9.6 and 11.4 kWh/m3 feed and 17 and 35% of the treated feed, respectively. A very good quality water could be produced with ED treatment of the leachate. The electrical conductivity of the leachate could be reduced from 5,490 to 139 mS/m (97.5% removal). Chloride was reduced from 21,957 to 345 mg/l (98.4% removal). Arsenic was reduced from 8.8 to 1.37 mg/l. The capital cost for a 100 kl/d ED plant is estimated at US$ 0.600 million. Operational costs (ion transport) are estimated at US$ 0.38/m3 leachate. © 2008.	Costs; Electrodialysis; Leachate treatment; Membrane fouling	Cleaning; Desalination; Electrodialysis; Energy utilization; Fouling; Membranes; Removal; Membrane fouling; Municipal sewerage system; Leachate treatment; Cleaning; Desalination; Electrodialysis; Energy utilization; Fouling; Leachate treatment; Membranes; Removal; chloride; concentration (composition); cost; desalination; fouling; leachate; membrane; separation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-64649091129	Mulch tower treatment system Part I: Overall performance in greywater treatment	Zuma B.M., Tandlich R., Whittington-Jones K.J., Burgess J.E.	2009	Desalination	242	42372	10.1016/j.desal.2008.03.030	Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Department of Environmental Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa	Zuma, B.M., Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Tandlich, R., Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa, Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Whittington-Jones, K.J., Department of Environmental Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Burgess, J.E., Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa	A mulch tower (MT) system for greywater treatment is introduced in this paper. Materials used to assemble the MT system included mulch, coarse sand, fine and coarse gravel. Limited removal efficiency of the MT system was demonstrated for alkalinity, total hardness, pH, Cl-, PO43-, NH4+, and SO42-, with the estimated cumulative removals ranging from 7 to 12%. Intermediate removal efficiency was observed for chemical oxygen demand (COD), NO3-, and S2- with the estimated cumulative removals ranging from 24 to 28%. The highest removal efficiency was observed for the total suspended solids (TSS) with the estimated cumulative removal equal to 52%. Given the minute residence time in the MT system, the results obtained were promising and justify scale-up studies for potential on-site applications. The MT effluent did not meet hygienic norms with respect to the faecal coliform concentration (FC) and the total coliform concentration (TC), and further effluent treatment is required before any discharge or reuse of the treated greywater. Further research should focus on characterisation of the microbial community of the MT, and the fate of Cl-, PO43-, NH4+, and SO42-. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Greywater; Mulch tower; On-site treatment	Characterisation; Chemical-oxygen demands; Coarse gravels; Coliform concentrations; Greywater; Greywater treatments; Microbial communities; Mulch tower; On-site treatment; Removal efficiencies; Residence time; Scale-Up; Site applications; Total suspended solids; Treatment systems; Alkalinity; Buildings; Chemical oxygen demand; Effluent treatment; Effluents; Oxygen; Range finding; Removal; Telluric prospecting; Towers; Wastewater treatment; Water recycling; chemical oxygen demand; estimation method; fecal coliform; microbial community; mulch; removal experiment	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-65549145508	Performance evaluation of a refrigerant-charged integrated solar water heater in northern Nigeria	Enaburekhan J., Yakasai U.T.	2009	Desalination	243	03-Jan	10.1016/j.desal.2008.05.014	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Bayero University, PMB 3011, Gwarzo Road, Kano, Nigeria	Enaburekhan, J., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Bayero University, PMB 3011, Gwarzo Road, Kano, Nigeria; Yakasai, U.T., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Bayero University, PMB 3011, Gwarzo Road, Kano, Nigeria	The thermal performance of the refrigerant-charged integrated solar water heater was analyzed to show its applicability in Nigeria, using data of several sunny and cloudy days. This unit, having three identical small-scale solar water heating systems using refrigerants R-134a, R12, and ethanol, was constructed and tested side by side under various environmental and load conditions in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria. The thermal performance was evaluated extensively throughout the months of August and September 2006; the maximum water temperature increases of 28°C, 37°C and 40°C for R12, ethanol and R-134a were attained at about 14:00 h respectively, while the maximum collection efficiencies computed were 40.63%, 50.78% and 56.59% for R12, ethanol and R-134a respectively. Best performance was obtained using R134a, probably due to its higher latent heat, higher liquid thermal conductivity, and lower viscosity and high surface tension to improve capillary pumping. This reveals a good capability of the system to convert solar energy to heat which can be used for heating water in northern Nigeria. © 2009.	Heat-pipe solar collector; Phase-change; Refrigerant-charged solar collector; Solar water heating	Capillary pumping; Cloudy days; Collection efficiencies; Heat-pipe solar collector; Integrated solar water heaters; Load conditions; Nigeria; Northern Nigeria; Performance evaluations; Phase-change; Refrigerant-charged solar collector; Solar water heating; Solar water heating systems; Thermal performance; Water temperatures; Ethanol; Heat pipes; Heating; Heating equipment; Mixed convection; Refrigerants; Solar collectors; Solar heating; Solar water heaters; Surface tension; Solar energy; equipment; heating; performance assessment; thermal conductivity; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349498823	Evaluation of simple methods of arsenic removal from domestic water supplies in rural communities	Awuah E., Morris R.T., Owusu P.A., Sundell R., Lindstrom J.	2009	Desalination	248	42372	10.1016/j.desal.2008.05.036	Department of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Division for Engineering Sciences, Physics and Mathematics, Karlstads University, Sweden	Awuah, E., Department of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Morris, R.T., Department of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Owusu, P.A., Department of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Sundell, R., Division for Engineering Sciences, Physics and Mathematics, Karlstads University, Sweden; Lindstrom, J., Division for Engineering Sciences, Physics and Mathematics, Karlstads University, Sweden	This study looked at two arsenic removal technologies, method Bucket Treatment Unit and removal using citrus lime, lemon and filter. The method Bucket Treatment Unit used zero-valent iron and removal using citrus lime, lemon and filter used photochemical oxidation of arsenic. The citrus lime, lemon and filter setup was found to be ineffective with its current design. The results reviewed that the method Bucket Treatment Unit was more effective and appropriate, but with clogging problems. The method Bucket Treatment Unit had between 68% and 100% arsenic removal efficiency with a 36 L/day flow rate of filtrate. The removal using photochemical oxidation of arsenic only had 8% removal efficiency. The study also reviewed that groundwater resources in the Ashanti Region of Ghana were contaminated with arsenic above the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. © 2009.	Drinking water treatment; Ghana; Indigenous technology	Arsenic removal; Arsenic removal technology; Domestic water supply; Drinking water treatment; Ghana; Indigenous technology; Photochemical oxidation; Removal efficiencies; Rural community; SIMPLE method; Treatment units; World Health Organization; Zero-valent iron; Air filters; Arsenic; Groundwater; Groundwater pollution; Groundwater resources; Hydrogeology; Lime; Oxidation; Potable water; Water supply; Chemicals removal (water treatment); arsenic; drinking water; filter; oxidation; pollutant removal; rural area; water treatment; Africa; Ashanti; Ghana; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Citrus; Citrus limon	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349490406	Impact of wastewater discharge in Jimma, Ethiopia, and remediation possibilities	Van der Bruggen B., Smets I.Y., Haddis A.	2009	Desalination	248	42372	10.1016/j.desal.2008.05.108	K.U. Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, W. de Croylaan 46, B - 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia	Van der Bruggen, B., K.U. Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, W. de Croylaan 46, B - 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Smets, I.Y., K.U. Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, W. de Croylaan 46, B - 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Haddis, A., Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia	Discharge of liquid and solid waste from Jimma town has resulted in a gradual degradation of the quality of the river water feeding the Gilgel Gibe dam, which was constructed for the development of the hydroelectric potential of the Gilgel Gibe River. In general, wastewater is not treated, which makes the use of river water problematic. In addition, the region around the dam mainly consists of farmlands; runoff from the fields results in pollution by pesticides, including DDT. The current situation of waste(water) production in and around Jimma (including the campus of Jimma University) will be discussed, along with the expected impact on the water quality in the Gilgel Gibe reservoir. Possibilities for remediation will be discussed. © 2009.	Awetu; Boye Pond; Gilgel Gibe; Pollution; Remediation; Siltation; Wastewater	Awetu; Boye Pond; Current situation; Ethiopia; Gilgel Gibe; Gradual degradation; Hydroelectric potential; River water; Siltation; Wastewater discharge; Dams; Reservoirs (water); Rivers; Solid wastes; Wastewater; Water pollution; Water quality; Wastewater treatment; remediation; river discharge; river water; siltation; wastewater; water pollution; water quality; Africa; East Africa; Ethiopia; Gilgel Gibe River; Jimma; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547572937	Polymerase chain reaction detection of Pneumocystis jiroveci: evaluation of 9 assays	Robberts F.J.L., Liebowitz L.D., Chalkley L.J.	2007	Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease	58	4	10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2007.02.014	Department of Medical Microbiology, The University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa	Robberts, F.J.L., Department of Medical Microbiology, The University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa; Liebowitz, L.D., Department of Medical Microbiology, The University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa; Chalkley, L.J., Department of Medical Microbiology, The University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa	Various polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification strategies have been described for detecting Pneumocystis jiroveci in clinical specimens. Different combinations of primer/target and platforms have been reported to yield varying PCR detection rates. PCR was evaluated on clinical specimens using internal transcribed spacer regions of the rRNA nested, dihydropteroate synthase single and nested, dihydrofolate reductase nested, major surface glycoprotein heminested, mitochondrial large subunit rRNA (mtLSUrRNA) single and nested, 18S rRNA 1-tube nested, and real-time 5S rRNA PCR. The most sensitive PCR was subsequently compared with routine diagnostic immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy. Discrepant PCR and IF results were resolved after review of clinical and histology/cytology records. Major discrepancies were observed among the methods investigated. mtLSUrRNA nested PCR was the most sensitive, produced less false-negative results, and displayed the highest degree of concordance with histology. Direct comparison of mtLSUrRNA nested PCR versus IF yielded low sensitivity and specificity, which were improved for PCR and lowered for IF on review of clinical and laboratory records. © 2007.	Detection; Immunofluorescent microscopy; PcP; PCR; Pneumocystis jiroveci; Pneumocystis pneumonia	dihydrofolate reductase; dihydropteroate synthase; glycoprotein; mitochondrial RNA; protein subunit; ribosome RNA; article; bacterium detection; cytology; false negative result; gene amplification; histology; immunofluorescence microscopy; microbiology; nonhuman; Pneumocystis jiroveci; polymerase chain reaction; priority journal; real time polymerase chain reaction; sensitivity analysis; sensitivity and specificity; Dihydropteroate Synthase; DNA, Fungal; DNA, Mitochondrial; DNA, Ribosomal; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; False Negative Reactions; Fungal Proteins; Humans; Membrane Glycoproteins; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Pneumocystis Infections; Pneumocystis jiroveci; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S; RNA, Ribosomal, 5S; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952412141	Dual Path Platform HIV 1/2 assay: Evaluation of a novel rapid test using oral fluids for HIV screening at the National Hospital in Abuja, Nigeria	Iregbu K.C., Esfandiari J., Nnorom J., Sonibare S.A., Uwaezuoke S.N., Eze S.O., Abdullahi N., Lawal A.O., Durogbola B.S.	2011	Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease	69	4	10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2010.10.011	Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Hospital Abuja, Nigeria; Chembio Diagnostics, Medford, NY, United States; Chembio Diagnostics, Abuja, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Pathology, National Hospital Abuja, Nigeria; Depart	Iregbu, K.C., Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Hospital Abuja, Nigeria; Esfandiari, J., Chembio Diagnostics, Medford, NY, United States; Nnorom, J., Chembio Diagnostics, Abuja, Nigeria; Sonibare, S.A., Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Hospital Abuja, Nigeria; Uwaezuoke, S.N., Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Hospital Abuja, Nigeria; Eze, S.O., Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Hospital Abuja, Nigeria; Abdullahi, N., Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Hospital Abuja, Nigeria; Lawal, A.O., Department of Chemical Pathology, National Hospital Abuja, Nigeria; Durogbola, B.S., Department of Haematology, National Hospital Abuja, Nigeria	HIV/AIDS disease is endemic in Nigeria and associated with stigmatization. Availability of a reliable rapid testing kit and procedure will increase uptake of services. The study aimed to determine the correlation between detection of HIV antibodies in blood to that in oral fluid and to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the Dual Path Platform (DPP) testing kit using oral fluid samples. HIV antibodies detected in oral mucosa transudate and whole capillary blood from HIV-positive, high-risk and low-risk participants were compared with results obtained with whole venous blood from the same participants tested with Determine and Western blot (for discordant cases). Oral fluid test has sensitivity and specificity of 100% relative to Determine rapid assay, while whole capillary blood test has sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 99.5%. DPP oral fluid test is a reliable point-of-care test and may be deployed in large-scale screening exercises. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.	Dual Path Pathway; HIV screening; National Hospital; Nigeria; Oral fluid	Human immunodeficiency virus antibody; adult; analytical equipment; antibody detection; article; capillary blood; controlled study; diagnostic test; diagnostic test accuracy study; Dual Path Platform HIV 1/2 assay; female; high risk patient; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; male; mouth mucosa; Nigeria; nonhuman; point of care testing; predictive value; priority journal; screening; sensitivity and specificity; venous blood; Adolescent; Adult; Blotting, Western; Female; HIV Antibodies; HIV Infections; HIV-1; HIV-2; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Mucosa; Nigeria; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Sensitivity and Specificity	None
None	None	Development of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. and its evaluation on colonies, culture broths, and stool	Taniuchi M., Walters C.C., Gratz J., Maro A., Kumburu H., Serichantalergs O., Sethabutr O., Bodhidatta L., Kibiki G., Toney D.M., Berkeley L., Nataro J.P., Houpt E.R.	2012	Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease	73	2	10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2012.03.008	Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, PO Box 801340, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States; Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services, Virginia Department of General Services, Richmond, VA 23219, United States; Biotechnology Laboratory, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, PO Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania; Department of Enteric Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Phyathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, PO Box 800386, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States	Taniuchi, M., Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, PO Box 801340, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States; Walters, C.C., Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services, Virginia Department of General Services, Richmond, VA 23219, United States; Gratz, J., Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, PO Box 801340, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States, Biotechnology Laboratory, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, PO Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania; Maro, A., Biotechnology Laboratory, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, PO Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania; Kumburu, H., Biotechnology Laboratory, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, PO Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania; Serichantalergs, O., Department of Enteric Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Phyathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Sethabutr, O., Department of Enteric Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Phyathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Bodhidatta, L., Department of Enteric Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Phyathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Kibiki, G., Biotechnology Laboratory, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, PO Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania; Toney, D.M., Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services, Virginia Department of General Services, Richmond, VA 23219, United States; Berkeley, L., Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Nataro, J.P., Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, PO Box 800386, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States; Houpt, E.R., Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, PO Box 801340, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States	Detection of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) typically depends on identification of virulence genes from stool cultures, not on stool itself. We developed a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that detects key DEC virulence genes (stx1, stx2, eae, bfpA, ipaH, LT, STh, aaiC, aatA). The assay involved a multiplex PCR reaction followed by detection of amplicon(s) using Luminex beads. The assay was evaluated on over 100 colony and broth specimens. We then evaluated the assay using DNA extracted from stool, colony pools, and Gram-negative broths, using stool spiked with known quantities of DEC. Performance of the assay on stool DNA was most quantitative, while stool broth DNA offered the lowest limit of detection. The assay was prospectively evaluated on clinical specimens in Tanzania. Stool DNA yielded higher sensitivity than colony pools compared with broth DNA as the standard. We propose using this assay to screen for DEC directly in stool or stool broths. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.	Diarrhea; Diarrheagenic E. coli; Enteroaggregative E. coli; Enterohemorrhagic E. coli; Enteroinvasive E. coli; Enteropathogenic E. coli; Enterotoxigenic E. coli; Luminex; Multiplex PCR; PCR; Shiga toxin-producing E. coli; Shigella; Virulence genes	DNA; aaiC gene; aatA gene; amplicon; article; bacterial gene; bacterial virulence; bacterium colony; bacterium culture; bacterium detection; bfpA gene; diarrheagenic Escherichia coli; DNA extraction; eae gene; feces; feces culture; gene identification; ipaH gene; limit of detection; LT gene; multiplex polymerase chain reaction; nonhuman; priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; Shigella; stx1 gene; stx2 gene; Tanzania; virulence gene; Colony Count, Microbial; Diarrhea; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Escherichia coli; Feces; Humans; Limit of Detection; Molecular Typing; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; Prospective Studies; Shigella; Statistics, Nonparametric	None
None	None	Evaluation of pooled ocular and vaginal swabs by the Cepheid GeneXpert CT/NG assay for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae compared to the genprobe aptima combo 2 assay	Dize L., West S.K., Mkocha H., Quinn T.C., Gaydos C.A.	2015	Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease	81	2	10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2014.11.010	International Sexually Transmitted Diseases Research Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Kongwa Trachoma Project, Tanzania; Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States	Dize, L., International Sexually Transmitted Diseases Research Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; West, S.K., Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Mkocha, H., Kongwa Trachoma Project, Tanzania; Quinn, T.C., International Sexually Transmitted Diseases Research Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Gaydos, C.A., International Sexually Transmitted Diseases Research Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States	Ocular swabs from Tanzania were tested for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), and self-collected vaginal swabs collected through a home collection program, iwantthekit.org, were tested for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and CT to evaluate Cepheid GeneXpert for the use of pooling multiple specimens before testing. GeneXpert shows to be a promising test for pooling. © 2015 Elsevier Inc.	Chlamydia trachomatis; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Pooling; Trachoma	Aptima Combo 2 Assay; Article; bacterium detection; Chlamydia trachomatis; controlled study; cost control; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic kit; diagnostic test accuracy study; intermethod comparison; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; nonhuman; polymerase chain reaction system; predictive value; prevalence; prospective study; real time polymerase chain reaction; sensitivity and specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953701394	Neuropsychological performance of South African treatment-naïve adolescents with alcohol dependence	Ferrett H.L., Carey P.D., Thomas K.G.F., Tapert S.F., Fein G.	2010	Drug and Alcohol Dependence	110	42371	10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.01.019	Stellenbosch University, Department of Psychiatry, 7505 Cape Town, Tygerberg, South Africa; University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; Neurobehavioral Research Inc, 1585 Kapiolani Blvd., Suite 1030, Honolulu, HI 90814, United States	Ferrett, H.L., Stellenbosch University, Department of Psychiatry, 7505 Cape Town, Tygerberg, South Africa; Carey, P.D., Stellenbosch University, Department of Psychiatry, 7505 Cape Town, Tygerberg, South Africa; Thomas, K.G.F., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Tapert, S.F., University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; Fein, G., Neurobehavioral Research Inc, 1585 Kapiolani Blvd., Suite 1030, Honolulu, HI 90814, United States	Background: Alcohol dependence (AD) in developmentally vulnerable adolescents is ubiquitous and confers a risk for long-term neurocognitive sequelae, yet comorbid substance use disorders and psychopathology can complicate interpretations. Here, we compare cognitive functioning in adolescents with and without AD, who are free from comorbid disorders. Methods: English- and Afrikaans-speaking adolescents (13-15 years) of mixed ancestry and low socio-economic status were recruited from the Cape Town region of South Africa. Adolescents with psychiatric, developmental, or other substance use disorders (SUDs) were excluded.AD (n=26) and control (n=26) groups were matched on age, gender, language, and level of education. Neuropsychological testing in participants' home language followed detailed medical/psychiatric evaluation. Results: Although our sample included participants who smoked tobacco, lifetime dosage of other drugs was negligible. When tobacco and other drug use as well as demographic variables were controlled, adolescents with AD performed more poorly on measures of Verbal Story Memory, Self-Monitoring, and Psychomotor Speed and Coordination. Conclusions: These preliminary results, although relatively subtle, suggest that adolescents with AD may be at increased risk for failure to reach optimal levels of neuromaturation, and may be susceptible to cognitive problems associated with protracted alcohol consumption. © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.	Adolescents; Alcohol; Health effects; Neuropsychology	adolescent; alcoholism; article; clinical article; cognition; comorbidity; controlled study; education; ethnic group; female; human; language; male; neuropsychological test; neuropsychology; priority journal; scoring system; social status; South Africa; substance abuse; verbal memory; Adolescent; Alcoholism; Cognition Disorders; Executive Function; Female; Humans; Male; Memory, Short-Term; Neuropsychological Tests; Problem Solving; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychomotor Performance; Regression Analysis; Social Class; South Africa; Substance-Related Disorders; Verbal Learning; Nicotiana tabacum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896089642	The impact of methamphetamine ("tik") on a peri-urban community in Cape Town, South Africa	Watt M.H., Meade C.S., Kimani S., MacFarlane J.C., Choi K.W., Skinner D., Pieterse D., Kalichman S.C., Sikkema K.J.	2014	International Journal of Drug Policy	25	2	10.1016/j.drugpo.2013.10.007	Duke University, Duke Global Health Institute, Box 90519, Durham, NC 27708, United States; Duke University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Box 90519, Durham, NC 27708, United States; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Box 90086, Durham, NC 27708, United States; Stellenbosch University, Unit for Research on Health and Society, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; University of Connecticut, Department of Psychology, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT 06269, United States	Watt, M.H., Duke University, Duke Global Health Institute, Box 90519, Durham, NC 27708, United States; Meade, C.S., Duke University, Duke Global Health Institute, Box 90519, Durham, NC 27708, United States, Duke University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Box 90519, Durham, NC 27708, United States; Kimani, S., Duke University, Duke Global Health Institute, Box 90519, Durham, NC 27708, United States; MacFarlane, J.C., Duke University, Duke Global Health Institute, Box 90519, Durham, NC 27708, United States; Choi, K.W., Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Box 90086, Durham, NC 27708, United States; Skinner, D., Stellenbosch University, Unit for Research on Health and Society, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Pieterse, D., Stellenbosch University, Unit for Research on Health and Society, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Kalichman, S.C., University of Connecticut, Department of Psychology, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT 06269, United States; Sikkema, K.J., Duke University, Duke Global Health Institute, Box 90519, Durham, NC 27708, United States, Duke University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Box 90519, Durham, NC 27708, United States, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Box 90086, Durham, NC 27708, United States	Background: Over the last decade, South Africa's Western Cape has experienced a dramatic increase in methamphetamine (". tik") use. Our study explored local impressions of the impact of tik use in a peri-urban township community in Cape Town, South Africa. Methods: We conducted individual in-depth interviews with 55 women and 37 men who were regular attendees of alcohol-serving venues. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. A content analysis approach was used to identify themes related to the impact of tik use based on levels of the socio-ecological framework (individual, inter-personal and community). Results: Tik use was reported to be a greater issue among Coloureds, compared to Blacks. At an individual level, respondents reported that tik use had adverse effects on mental, physical, and economic well-being, and limited future opportunities through school drop-out and incarceration. At an inter-personal level, respondents reported that tik use contributed to physical and sexual violence as well as increased rates of sexual risk behaviour, particularly through transactional sex relationships. Respondents described how tik use led to household conflict, and had negative impacts on children, including neglect and poor birth outcomes. At a community level, respondents linked tik use to increased rates of crime, violence and corruption, which undercut community cohesion. Conclusions: Our results highlight the negative impact that tik is having on individuals, households and the overall community in a peri-urban setting in South Africa. There is a clear need for interventions to prevent tik use in South Africa and to mitigate and address the impact of tik on multiple levels. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Methamphetamine; Qualitative; South Africa	methamphetamine; methamphetamine; adult; article; child neglect; content analysis; crime; family conflict; female; high risk behavior; human; male; methamphetamine dependence; physical violence; priority journal; race difference; sexual violence; South Africa; transactional sex; urban population; adolescent; attitude; Black person; demography; family size; human relation; middle aged; psychology; qualitative research; urban population; young adult; Adolescent; Adult; African Continental Ancestry Group; Attitude; Family Characteristics; Female; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Male; Methamphetamine; Middle Aged; Qualitative Research; Residence Characteristics; South Africa; Urban Population; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33751394202	The impact of organophosphate pesticides in orchards on earthworms in the Western Cape, South Africa	Reinecke S.A., Reinecke A.J.	2007	Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety	66	2	10.1016/j.ecoenv.2005.10.006	Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Reinecke, S.A., Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Reinecke, A.J., Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Earthworm population density was measured in and adjacent to an orchard in an agricultural area in the Western Cape, South Africa. Worm densities were very low in orchards (22/m2) compared to adjacent uncultivated fields (152/m2) at a distance from the orchards. The possible effect of organophosphate pesticides on the earthworms was investigated. Background soil concentrations of chlorpyrifos prior to the start of the spraying season were low (0.2-2.7 μg/kg) but persistent for up to 6 months after the last spraying event, and the pesticide was, as a result of rainfall, transported to nontarget areas by runoff. Background concentrations of azinphos methyl were higher than those of chlorpyrifos (1.6-9.8 μg/kg) but not detectable 2 weeks after a spraying event. Azinphos methyl was mostly transported by wind (spray drift) to adjacent areas. A microcosm study indicated effects of chlorpyrifos on earthworms as determined by measuring biomass change and Cholinesterase inhibition. It is concluded that earthworms were affected detrimentally by the pesticides due to chronic (chlorpyrifos) and intermittent (azinphos methyl) exposure. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Azinphos methyl; Biomarker; Biomass; ChE; Chlorpyrifos; Earthworms; Microcosms; Organophosphates; Runoff; Spray drift	azinphos methyl; chlorpyrifos; cholinesterase; organophosphate pesticide; chlorpyrifos; earthworm; orchard; organophosphate; pesticide; population decline; article; biomass; concentration (parameters); controlled study; earthworm; environmental exposure; enzyme inhibition; microcosm; nonhuman; population density; season; soil; South Africa; Agriculture; Animals; Azinphosmethyl; Biomass; Chlorpyrifos; Cholinesterases; Environmental Monitoring; Insecticides; Oligochaeta; Population Density; Soil Pollutants; South Africa; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Western Cape	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-40949133494	Heavy metals in mosquito larval habitats in urban Kisumu and Malindi, Kenya, and their impact	Mireji P.O., Keating J., Hassanali A., Mbogo C.M., Nyambaka H., Kahindi S., Beier J.C.	2008	Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety	70	1	10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.03.012	Department of Biochemistry, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya; International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of International Health and Development, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States; Center for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P.O. Box 4281, Kilifi, Kenya; Department of Chemistry, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33177, United States	Mireji, P.O., Department of Biochemistry, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya, International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya; Keating, J., Department of International Health and Development, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States; Hassanali, A., International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya; Mbogo, C.M., Center for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P.O. Box 4281, Kilifi, Kenya; Nyambaka, H., Department of Chemistry, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya; Kahindi, S., Center for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P.O. Box 4281, Kilifi, Kenya; Beier, J.C., Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33177, United States	Concentrations and distribution of cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese and zinc in mosquito larval habitats in urban Kisumu and Malindi, Kenya and their effect on the presence of Anopheles gambiae, Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles funestus larvae were investigated. Manganese and iron were the most prevalent heavy metals in water of larval habitats in urban Kisumu and Malindi, respectively. Iron was the most prevalent heavy metal in bottom sediments in larval habitats in both cities. The highest concentrations of all heavy metals, except cadmium and iron, were recorded in the poorly planned-well drained stratum in the two cities. All heavy metals were more concentrated in human-made than in natural larval habitats. Copper was positively associated with the presence of Ae. aegypti, and lead was associated with the presence of An. gambiae and Ae. aegypti in urban Kisumu. Absence of significant correlation between the other metals and mosquito species in both cities, despite relatively high concentrations, suggest that the local larval populations, including key malaria vectors have adapted to the detected levels of these metals. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Heavy metals; Human-made habitats; Larval habitats; Mosquitoes; Natural habitats; Strata; Tolerance	cadmium; chromium; copper; heavy metal; iron; lead; manganese; zinc; adaptation; concentration (composition); habitat quality; heavy metal; larva; mosquito; pollution effect; pollution tolerance; spatial distribution; urban area; adaptation; Aedes aegypti; Anopheles; anopheles funestus; Anopheles gambiae; article; concentration (parameters); Culex quinquefasciatus; disease carrier; habitat; Kenya; larva; malaria; mosquito; nonhuman; sediment; species composition; urban area; water pollution; Animals; Cities; Culicidae; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring; Geologic Sediments; Kenya; Larva; Metals, Heavy; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Africa; Coast Province; East Africa; Kenya; Kilifi; Kisumu; Malindi; Nyanza; Sub-Saharan Africa; Aedes aegypti; Anopheles funestus; Anopheles gambiae; Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892590427	The impacts of neutralized acid mine drainage contaminated water on the expression of selected endocrine-linked genes in juvenile Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus exposed in vivo	Truter J.C., Wyk J.H.V., Oberholster P.J., Botha A.-M.	2014	Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety	100	1	10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.11.005	Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, P.O. Box 320, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	Truter, J.C., Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Wyk, J.H.V., Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Oberholster, P.J., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, P.O. Box 320, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Botha, A.-M., Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a global environmental concern due to detrimental impacts on river ecosystems. Little is however known regarding the biological impacts of neutralized AMD on aquatic vertebrates despite excessive discharge into watercourses. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the endocrine modulatory potential of neutralized AMD, using molecular biomarkers in the teleost fish Oreochromis mossambicus in exposure studies. Surface water was collected from six locations downstream of a high density sludge (HDS) AMD treatment plant and a reference site unimpacted by AMD. The concentrations of 28 elements, including 22 metals, were quantified in the exposure water in order to identify potential links to altered gene expression. Relatively high concentrations of manganese (~ 10. mg/l), nickel (~ 0.1. mg/l) and cobalt (~ 0.03. mg/l) were detected downstream of the HDS plant. The expression of thyroid receptor-α (trα), trβ, androgen receptor-1 (ar1), ar2, glucocorticoid receptor-1 (gr1), gr2, mineralocorticoid receptor (mr) and aromatase (cyp19a1b) was quantified in juvenile fish after 48. h exposure. Slight but significant changes were observed in the expression of gr1 and mr in fish exposed to water collected directly downstream of the HDS plant, consisting of approximately 95 percent neutralized AMD. The most pronounced alterations in gene expression (i.e. trα, trβ, gr1, gr2, ar1 and mr) was associated with water collected further downstream at a location with no other apparent contamination vectors apart from the neutralized AMD. The altered gene expression associated with the "downstream" locality coincided with higher concentrations of certain metals relative to the locality adjacent to the HDS plant which may indicate a causative link. The current study provides evidence of endocrine disruptive activity associated with neutralized AMD contamination in regard to alterations in the expression of key genes linked to the thyroid, interrenal and gonadal endocrine axes of a teleost fish species. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.	Endocrine disruption; Fish; Gene expression; Metal ions; Treated acid mine drainage	aromatase; biological marker; cobalt; endocrine disruptor; manganese; mineralocorticoid receptor; nickel; surface water; thyroid hormone receptor alpha; acid mine drainage; biomarker; cobalt; concentration (composition); endocrine disruptor; gene expression; juvenile; molecular analysis; perciform; river pollution; sludge; acid mine drainage; androgen receptor 1 gene; androgen receptor 2 gene; aromatase gene; article; concentration (parameters); controlled study; endocrine disease; environmental exposure; environmental impact; gene; gene expression; genetic association; glucocorticoid receptor 1 gene; glucocorticoid receptor 2 gene; in vivo study; juvenile animal; mineralocorticoid receptor gene; molecular biology; Mozambique; nonhuman; Oreochromis mossambicus; sludge; thyroid receptor alpha gene; waste water treatment plant; water contamination; Oreochromis mossambicus; Teleostei; Vertebrata; Endocrine disruption; Fish; Gene expression; Metal ions; Treated acid mine drainage; Acids; Animals; Endocrine System; Fish Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation; Mining; Rivers; Tilapia; Water Pollutants, Chemical	CSIR, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907466305	Evaluation of ecological risk of metal contamination in river Gomti, India: A biomonitoring approach	Gupta S.K., Chabukdhara M., Kumar P., Singh J., Bux F.	2014	Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety	110	None	10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.08.008	Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, South Africa; North Eastern Space Applications Centre, Umiam, Meghalaya, India; Dr. R. M. L. Avadh University Faizabad, India	Gupta, S.K., Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, South Africa; Chabukdhara, M., North Eastern Space Applications Centre, Umiam, Meghalaya, India; Kumar, P., Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, South Africa; Singh, J., Dr. R. M. L. Avadh University Faizabad, India; Bux, F., Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, South Africa	The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of heavy metal pollution in river Gomti and associated ecological risk. River water, sediments and locally abundant mollusk (Viviparus (V.) bengalensis) were sampled from six different sites and analyzed for seven metals: Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn). Mean metal concentrations (mg/l) in river water were 0.024 for Cd, 0.063 for Cr, 0.022 for Cr, 0.029 for Mn, 0.044 for Ni, 0.018 for Pb and 0.067 for Zn. In river sediments, the concentrations (mg/kg dry wt) were 5.0 for Cd, 16.2 for Cr, 23.2 for Cr, 203.2 for Mn, 23.9 for Ni, 46.2 for Pb and 76.3 for Zn, while in V. bengalensis mean metal concentrations (mg/kg, dry wt) were 0.57 for Cd, 12.0 for Cr, 30.7 for Cu, 29.9 for Mn, 8.8 for Ni, 3.6 for Pb and 48.3 for Zn. Results indicated elevated concentrations of Cu, Zn and Mn in V. bengalensis as compared to other non-essential elements. Potential ecological risk (RI) in sediments showed high to very high metal contamination. Cluster analysis indicated that Pb, Zn, Cd and Ni in sediments may have anthropogenic sources. The findings thus suggest heavy metal contamination of river water and sediments have reached alarming levels, which is well corroborated by elevated level of metal accumulation in V. bengalensis. © 2014 Elsevier Inc.	Biomonitoring; Ecological risk; Gomti; Heavy metal; Viviparus bengalensis	cadmium; chromium; copper; heavy metal; lead; manganese; nickel; river water; zinc; heavy metal; water pollutant; bioaccumulation; biomonitoring; ecological impact; environmental risk; heavy metal; mollusc; pollution effect; river pollution; sediment pollution; animal tissue; Article; bioaccumulation; chemical analysis; chemical composition; cluster analysis; concentration (parameters); controlled study; dry weight; geographic distribution; India; indicator organism; metal metabolism; metal recovery; mollusc; nonhuman; pollution monitoring; risk assessment; river ecosystem; sediment; water contamination; water pollution indicator; analysis; animal; chemistry; ecology; environmental aspects and related phenomena; environmental monitoring; gastropod; river; water pollutant; Gomti River; India; Uttar Pradesh; Viviparus; Animals; Ecological and Environmental Processes; Ecology; Environmental Monitoring; Gastropoda; Geologic Sediments; India; Metals, Heavy; Risk Assessment; Rivers; Water Pollutants, Chemical	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892565119	Modeling River Sosiani's water quality to assess human impact on water resources at the catchment scale	Chibole O.K.	2013	Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology	13	4	10.1016/j.ecohyd.2013.10.003	University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya	Chibole, O.K., University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya	To investigate the water quality status at catchment scale, the MIKE 11 modeling system (DHI) was used on the Sosiani, western Kenya. The river's catchment was delineated according to land-use practice into forested (Fz), agricultural (Az) and urban (Uz). Rainfallrunoff processes were modeled using NAM (DHI) and the hydrodynamic model was built using the MIKE 11 HD module. Water quality (WQ) modeling was limited to the oxygen cycle. Model calibration was done on the basis of available measured WQ data at Fz-Az; Az-Uz boundaries. Simulated data versus observed data show model efficiency of 0.70. The Uz contributes 75% of BOD flux in the catchment. © 2013 European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of Polish Academy of Sciences.	BOD; Land-use practice; MIKE 11; River Sosiani; Water quality modeling	anthropogenic effect; catchment; hydrodynamics; hydrological modeling; land use change; rainfall-runoff modeling; water quality; water resource; Kenya; Sosiani River	None
None	None	Understanding watershed dynamics and impacts of climate change and variability in the Pangani River Basin, Tanzania	Lalika M.C.S., Meire P., Ngaga Y.M., Chang'a L.	2015	Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology	15	1	10.1016/j.ecohyd.2014.11.002	Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3038, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Forest Economics, Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3011, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania; Tanzania Meteorological Agency, P.O. Box 3056, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Lalika, M.C.S., Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp, Belgium, Department of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3038, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania; Meire, P., Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp, Belgium; Ngaga, Y.M., Department of Forest Economics, Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3011, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania; Chang'a, L., Tanzania Meteorological Agency, P.O. Box 3056, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Watersheds and rivers are vital ecological features for the provision of hydrological services for the health, welfare and prosperity of human communities. Nevertheless, anthropogenic activities coupled with climate change and climate variability are blamed for degrading watersheds and rivers and decreasing their capacity to irrigate. To address the situation, it is important to understand why and how water shortages are occurring. This paper reports findings of a study carried out to identify and assess drivers of water shortages and adaptation strategies to climate change and variability in Pangani River Basin of Tanzania. To assess the influence of climate change and variability on hydrological flow and water shortages, time series data on rainfall and temperature were compiled from the Tanzania Meteorological Agency. We also used structured questionnaires to collect data on villagers' perceptions about the drivers of water shortages and adaptation strategies. Results indicated a decreasing trend of water flow (p < 0.05) at Kikuletwa-Karangai gauging station along Pangani River Basin. Trend analysis indicated a slight decrease of rainfall and increase of temperature. Although there is no empirical evidence to associate climate change with the decline of rainfall and water flow, adaptation measures need to be put in place in order to mitigate against increasing climate variability, reduced water flow, and projected climate change. Therefore, watershed conservation strategies should also focus on improving the welfare of local communities. Additionally, involvement of stakeholders in the entire PRB is crucial toward watersheds conservation for steady flow of hydrological services. © 2014 European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of Polish Academy of Sciences.	Basin; Climate change; Ecosystem services; Pangani; River; Water; Watershed degradation	climate change; climate effect; climate variation; ecosystem service; environmental degradation; river basin; water flow; watershed; Pangani Basin; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-20144361977	Valuing the impacts of climate change on protected areas in Africa	Velarde S.J., Malhi Y., Moran D., Wright J., Hussain S.	2005	Ecological Economics	53	1	10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.07.024	Alternatives to Slash-and-Burn Programme, World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi, Kenya; School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Land Economy, Scottish Agricultural College, Kings Buildings, West Main Rd., Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom; Department of Geography, University of Southampton, United Kingdom	Velarde, S.J., Alternatives to Slash-and-Burn Programme, World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi, Kenya; Malhi, Y., School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, United Kingdom, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Moran, D., Land Economy, Scottish Agricultural College, Kings Buildings, West Main Rd., Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom; Wright, J., Department of Geography, University of Southampton, United Kingdom; Hussain, S., Land Economy, Scottish Agricultural College, Kings Buildings, West Main Rd., Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom	This study quantifies the economic costs of climate change impacts on protected areas in Africa. Downscaled results from four Global Circulation Models (GCMs) are used to classify different ecosystems in accordance with the Holdridge Life Zone (HLZ) system. A benefits transfer approach is then used to place an economic value on the predicted ecosystem shifts resulting from climate change in protected areas. The results provide approximations for the impacts on biodiversity in Africa under the "business-as-usual" scenario established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for the middle and end of the 21st century. The geographical analysis shows that there are twenty HLZs in Africa and all of them are represented in the protected area network. Three of these HLZs do not change in extent as a result of climate change. Assuming initially that the willingness to pay (WTP) values and the preferences for different ecosystem services remain constant, three of the GCM models show an (undiscounted) negative economic impact of climate change for protected areas in Africa for the year 2100. The worst-case damage scenario totals USD 74.5 million by 2100. However, the model for the year 2065 shows a higher undiscounted value than the present. The finding of positive net impacts from warming is consistent with the predictions of other macro models that show potential gains from warming scenarios. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	African protected areas; Benefits transfer; Climate change; Ecosystem shifts; Holdridge life zones	climate change; economic impact; environmental impact; protected area; Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; World	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33744526973	Environmental accounting: A management tool for enhancing corporate environmental and economic performance	de Beer P., Friend F.	2006	Ecological Economics	58	3	10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.07.026	Environmental Engineering Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	de Beer, P., Environmental Engineering Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Friend, F., Environmental Engineering Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	Industries are becoming progressively more aware of the environmental and social liabilities pertaining to their operations and products, with associated financial effects. Uncertainties in measuring these financial effects can be addressed by using environmental evaluation and accounting techniques. Environmental accounting assists in expressing environmental and social liabilities as environmental costs. While environmental accounting systems now form part of industrial decision making in first world countries, there is a lack of similar systems in South Africa. The EEGECOST model was developed to promote environmental accounting in South Africa. Implementation of the model will provide South African industries with the framework for corporate evaluation of alternative investments, projects and processes and for estimating economic and environmental performance at present and especially in the future. The model identifies, records and allocates internal and external environmental costs to five identified cost types, categorised into several environmental media groups. It also assists in the capital budgeting process for alternative investments. Applicability of the model was tested in a case study conducted on the life cycle assessment of a functional unit of one million cigarettes. The model indicated that Type V costs (external costs, with Types I to IV being different internal cost types) contributed 12% of the total production costs of a functional unit of cigarettes. As Type V costs are subjective, it is recommended that further research be conducted to structure an objective framework to evaluate and determine cost factors involved in the development of Type V costs. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Capital budgeting; Environmental accounting; Environmental media; External costs; Internal costs	cost-benefit analysis; economic analysis; environmental assessment; industrial development; life cycle; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749617437	Integrated ecological economics accounting approach to evaluation of inter-basin water transfers: An application to the Lesotho Highlands Water Project	Matete M., Hassan R.	2006	Ecological Economics	60	1	10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.12.010	Department of Agricultural Economics, National University of Lesotho, P.O. Roma, 180, Lesotho; Center for Environmental Economics and Policy in Africa, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa	Matete, M., Department of Agricultural Economics, National University of Lesotho, P.O. Roma, 180, Lesotho; Hassan, R., Center for Environmental Economics and Policy in Africa, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa	This study developed a generalised analytical framework that can be applied to integrating environmental sustainability aspects into economic development planning in the case of exploiting water resources through inter-basin water transfers (IBWT). The study developed and applied a multi-country ecological social accounting matrix (MC-ESAM) for Lesotho and SA to evaluate the ecological implications of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP) and their consequent economic costs and benefits for the two countries. The study further used the developed MC-ESAM multipliers to analyse the impact of lost ecological services downstream the LHWP dams in Lesotho on the wellbeing of households directly affected by the project in Lesotho and the general economies of Lesotho and SA. The results revealed that while the LHWP has significant direct and indirect benefits in terms of social and economic development in Lesotho and SA, the project has serious unintended impacts on ecological resources and services, with deleterious wellbeing implications for populations residing within the reaches of the LHWP rivers and downstream the LHWP dams in Lesotho. The empirical analysis results showed relatively small impacts in general, but were significant for groups of people directly affected by the project in Lesotho. An important limitation of the empirical contributions of the study relates to the inability to measure and include in the analyses values of critical other ecosystem services of affected freshwater resources. Nevertheless, the study demonstrated the importance of integrated ecological economic accounting for comprehensive assessment of IBWT projects' impacts. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Ecological social accounting matrix (ESAM); Human wellbeing; Inter-basin water transfers (IBWT); Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP); Riparians	ecological economics; economic development; social development; sustainability; water resource; Africa; Lesotho; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-43149116601	Integrated water and economic modelling of the impacts of water market instruments on the South African economy	van Heerden J.H., Blignaut J., Horridge M.	2008	Ecological Economics	66	1	10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.11.011	Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Centre of Policy Studies, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia	van Heerden, J.H., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Blignaut, J., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Horridge, M., Centre of Policy Studies, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia	A static computable general equilibrium model of South Africa is adapted to compare new taxes on water demand by two industries, namely forestry, and irrigated field crops. Comparisons are made with respect to both the short and the long run, in terms of three target variables, namely (i) the environment; (ii) the economy; and (iii) equity. Since the taxes on the two industries do not raise the same amount of revenue, the target variables are calculated per unit of real government revenue raised by the new taxes (also referred to as the marginal excess burdens of the taxes). The model results are robust for moderate values of the water elasticity of demand in the two industries, in both the long and the short run. The tax on irrigated field crops performs better in terms of all three the target variables in the short run. In the long run the tax on irrigated filed crops is better in terms of water saving, but reduces real GDP and the consumption by poor households. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	C68; Computable general equilibrium modelling; Market-based instruments; Q25; Q43; Social Accounting Matrix; Water markets; Water tax	comparative study; crop production; forestry; Gross Domestic Product; irrigation system; numerical model; tax system; water demand; water economics; water management; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
None	None	The impact of buffer zone size and management on illegal extraction, park protection, and enforcement	Robinson E.J.Z., Albers H.J., Busby G.M.	2013	Ecological Economics	92	None	10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.06.019	Reader in Environmental Economics, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, United Kingdom; FES/Applied Economics, Oregon State University, Richardson Hall 321, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States; Department of Economics, School of Business, Economics and Law, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Environment for Development Tanzania, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Robinson, E.J.Z., Reader in Environmental Economics, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, United Kingdom, Department of Economics, School of Business, Economics and Law, University of Gothenburg, Sweden, Environment for Development Tanzania, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Albers, H.J., FES/Applied Economics, Oregon State University, Richardson Hall 321, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States, Environment for Development Tanzania, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Busby, G.M., Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States	Many protected areas or parks in developing countries have buffer zones at their boundaries to achieve the dual goals of protecting park resources and providing resource benefits to neighbouring people. Despite the prevalence of these zoning policies, few behavioural models of people's buffer zone use inform the sizing and management of those zones. This paper uses a spatially explicit resource extraction model to examine the impact of buffer zone size and management on extraction by local people, both legal and illegal, and the impact of that extraction on forest quality in the park's core and buffer zone. The results demonstrate trade-offs between the level of enforcement, the size of a buffer zone, and the amount of illegal extraction in the park; and describe implications for "enrichment" of buffer zones and evaluating patterns of forest degradation. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	Buffer zone management; Costly enforcement; Forest reserves; Protected area management; Spatial economics	buffer zone; developing world; environmental degradation; nature reserve; neighborhood; numerical model; park management; protected area; trade-off	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-43049094353	Can crops be irrigated with sodium bicarbonate rich CBM deep aquifer water? Theoretical and field evaluation	Beletse Y.G., Annandale J.G., Steyn J.M., Hall I., Aken M.E.	2008	Ecological Engineering	33	1	10.1016/j.ecoleng.2007.12.011	Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Anglo Coal Project Services, Private Bag X9, Leraatsfontein 1038, South Africa; Anglo Coal Environmental Services, Private Bag X9, Leraatsfontein 1038, South Africa	Beletse, Y.G., Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Annandale, J.G., Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Steyn, J.M., Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Hall, I., Anglo Coal Project Services, Private Bag X9, Leraatsfontein 1038, South Africa; Aken, M.E., Anglo Coal Environmental Services, Private Bag X9, Leraatsfontein 1038, South Africa	A simulation modelling exercise, followed by field trials was carried out to assess the suitability of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) rich water obtained from dewatering for extraction of methane gas from coal beds in the Limpopo Province, Republic of South Africa. This water has a very high EC of 750 mS m-1, which according to FAO water quality guidelines would suit only salt tolerant crops. Modelled crop growth at a leaching fraction (LF) of 23% using the Soil Water Balance (SWB) model gave root zone salinity (ECe) between 857 and 981 mS m-1, and a 90% potential crop yield. In the field trials, barley, Italian ryegrass and Bermuda grass were successfully grown in a loamy sand soil without leaf burn and toxicity problems, but cotton foliage was scorched when sprinkler irrigated. Drip emitter discharge rate decreased from 3.99 ± 0.15 to 3.5 ± 0.19 l h-1, suggesting that clogging will be problematic with micro irrigation. SWB gave a good estimation of the suitability of this NaHCO3 rich water in the theoretical assessment, which was similar to the experimental findings. SWB, therefore, is a useful tool for assessing the suitability of NaHCO3 deep aquifer water for irrigation of agricultural crops. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Irrigation; Long term; Mine water; Modelling; NaHCO3; Salt tolerance; SWB model	Extraction; Irrigation; Mathematical models; Methane; Mine water; Salt tolerance; SWB model; Sodium compounds; Extraction; Irrigation; Mathematical models; Methane; Sodium compounds; aquifer; barley; bicarbonate; coal seam; crop yield; growth; irrigation; methane; mine; salinity tolerance; sodium; toxicity; water quality; Africa; Limpopo; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Cynodon dactylon; Gossypium hirsutum; Hordeum; Lolium multiflorum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054123075	Evaluation of colour removal in synthetic saline wastewater containing azo dyes using an immobilized halotolerant cell system	Ogugbue C.J., Sawidis T., Oranusi N.A.	2011	Ecological Engineering	37	12	10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.09.003	School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Ogugbue, C.J., School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece, Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Sawidis, T., School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; Oranusi, N.A., Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Studies were carried out to evaluate the colour removal capacity of a moderately halotolerant bacterium, Bacillus firmus, in synthetic saline wastewater medium (SSWM) under static condition. The bacterial strain effectively decolourized Polar red B (an azo dye) in a wide range of sodium chloride (1-6%, w/v), dye (5-100. mg/L) and SDS (0.1-5.0. mg/L) concentrations and at pH range of 6-10 after 24. h of incubation. Cell immobilization studies indicated that colour removal was significantly higher (p<0.05) in immobilized halotolerant cell systems than with free cells of B. firmus especially at salt concentrations higher than 4%. Results suggest the potential of using the immobilized halotolerant cell system for effective treatment of dye-contaminated saline wastewaters. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	Azo dye; Bacillus firmus; Biodegradation; Colour removal; Halotolerance; Immobilization; Wastewater	Bacterial strains; Cell system; Free cells; Halotolerance; Halotolerant; Halotolerant bacteria; pH range; Saline wastewater; Salt concentration; Static conditions; Azo dyes; Bacilli; Bacteriology; Biodegradation; Color; Sodium chloride; Stripping (dyes); Wastewater; Wastewater treatment; Cell immobilization; bacterium; biodegradation; color; dye; immobilization; pollutant removal; salinity tolerance; sodium chloride; waste treatment; wastewater; water pollution; water treatment; Bacillus (bacterium); Bacillus firmus; Bacteria (microorganisms)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33947658918	Water quality changes in relation to Diptera community patterns and diversity measured at an organic effluent impacted stream in the Niger Delta, Nigeria	Arimoro F.O., Ikomi R.B., Iwegbue C.M.A.	2007	Ecological Indicators	7	3	10.1016/j.ecolind.2006.06.002	Department of Zoology, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria	Arimoro, F.O., Department of Zoology, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria; Ikomi, R.B., Department of Zoology, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria; Iwegbue, C.M.A., Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria	Impact of abattoir effluents (characterized by intestinal and stomach contents of slaughtered animals, ashes from roasted animals and blood stains) on water quality, distribution and abundance of Diptera were investigated in an urban stream, River Orogodo, Southern Nigeria, from July 2003 to June 2004. Water quality changes indicated significant differences (p &lt; 0.05) in conductivity, dissolved oxygen, BOD5, COD, total hardness, nitrate-nitrogen and phosphate-phosphorus between the three stations sampled. Higher values of these parameters were observed at the impacted station. The abundance and community structure of Diptera patterns, especially Chironomidae, Culicidae and Syrphidae families (all indicative of poor water quality) showed strong evidence of impact from the abattoir effluents. Comparisons of abundance values demonstrated high significance (p &lt; 0.05) between the impacted station and the upstream (station 1) and downstream station (station 3). Shannon index and Berger-Parker dominance were greater at the impacted station (station 2). Analysis of faunal similarities showed that upstream station 1(unpolluted site) was significantly different from stations 2 and 3. The distinct taxa found in station 2 (the impacted station) suggest that the organic input from the abattoir favoured their abundance as most of them were opportunistic species. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Diptera; Impact; Nigeria; Orogodo stream; Water quality	Animals; Effluents; Hardness; Nigeria; Rivers; Diptera patterns; Downstream stations; Orogodo stream; Water quality; abundance; bioindicator; community structure; ecological impact; effluent; fly; organic pollutant; river pollution; species diversity; water quality; Africa; Delta; Nigeria; Orogodo River; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Animalia; Chironomidae; Culicidae; Diptera; Syrphidae	None
None	None	Performance of individual species as indicators for large mammal species richness in Northern Tanzania	Kiffner C., Albertini M., Ede A., Donnellan B., Hahn N., McGinnis M.A., Nietlisbach N.A., Tate J., Kioko J.	2015	Ecological Indicators	53	None	10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.01.022	School for Field Studies, Center for Wildlife Management Studies, PO Box 304, Karatu, Tanzania; Colorado CollegeCO, United States; Santa Clara University, 2734 Heatherstone Dr, SanRafael, CA, United States; Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States; Department of Biology, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Road, Clinton, NY, United States; College of Agriculture, Forest and Life Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States	Kiffner, C., School for Field Studies, Center for Wildlife Management Studies, PO Box 304, Karatu, Tanzania; Albertini, M., School for Field Studies, Center for Wildlife Management Studies, PO Box 304, Karatu, Tanzania; Ede, A., Colorado CollegeCO, United States; Donnellan, B., Santa Clara University, 2734 Heatherstone Dr, SanRafael, CA, United States; Hahn, N., Colorado CollegeCO, United States; McGinnis, M.A., Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States; Nietlisbach, N.A., Department of Biology, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Road, Clinton, NY, United States; Tate, J., College of Agriculture, Forest and Life Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States; Kioko, J., School for Field Studies, Center for Wildlife Management Studies, PO Box 304, Karatu, Tanzania	In order to prioritize areas for biodiversity conservation, conservation practitioners frequently employ a single species whose distribution is statistically related to overall species richness. However, the performance of single mammal species in terms of (1) their strength, (2) spatial and (3) temporal variability for predicting large mammal species richness has rarely been assessed. Drawing upon data from multiple vehicle-based surveys in four study sites with varying conservation management approaches in the Tarangire-Manyara ecosystem, we assessed the performance of thirteen candidate indicator species. Overall, we found that the association strength between the distribution of single large mammal species and overall large mammal species richness varied (1) considerably across four management units within the same ecosystem, (2) between seasons and (3) years. In contrast to a study carried out in central Tanzania, elephants performed poorly as an indicator of large mammal species richness. Applying our findings to conservation planning, we suggest that information on zebra and wildebeest distribution should be used for delineating corridors for large mammals between protected areas in this ecosystem. The distribution of these two species had a high correlation with overall large mammal species richness, and these correlations were relatively constant throughout time and space. More generally, our study suggests that the performance of indicator species (1) should be assessed across multiple seasons because snapshot surveys may provide biased estimates of indicator performance, (2), cannot necessarily be extrapolated to other ecosystems and (3) should be supplemented by ecological or functional considerations. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.	Connectivity; Conservation planning; Fragmentation; Indicator species; Mammal community; Umbrella species	Biodiversity; Ecology; Ecosystems; Environmental protection; Forestry; Mammals; Population distribution; Surveys; Connectivity; Conservation planning; Fragmentation; Indicator species; Umbrella Species; Conservation; biodiversity; bioindicator; conservation management; conservation planning; fragmentation; geographical distribution; mammal; performance assessment; spatiotemporal analysis; species richness; Tanzania; Elephantidae; Equus subg. Hippotigris; Mammalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-17644420032	Impact of predator pursuit and prey evasion on synchrony and spatial patterns in metapopulation	Li Z.-Z., Gao M., Hui C., Han X.-Z., Shi H.	2005	Ecological Modelling	185	42404	10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.12.008	Department of Mathematics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; State Key Lab. of Arid Agroecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Spatial, Physiological Conserv. E., Department of Conservation Ecology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Department of Mathematics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China	Li, Z.-Z., Department of Mathematics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China, State Key Lab. of Arid Agroecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gao, M., Department of Mathematics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Hui, C., Spatial, Physiological Conserv. E., Department of Conservation Ecology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Han, X.-Z., State Key Lab. of Arid Agroecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Shi, H., Department of Mathematics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China	Spatial synchrony, a normal self-organized spatial pattern in the predator-prey and host-parasitoid systems, can increase risk of regional extinction and hence, shrink metapopulation persistence. Coupled patch models, based on a within-patch Ronsenzweig-MacArthur Model, are adopted to investigate the impact of predator pursuit (PP) and prey evasion (PE) on the spatial synchrony and pattern formation in metapopulation framework. PP indicates that predators migrate not only from patches of higher predator density to those of lower predator density but also from patches of lower prey density to those of higher prey density; while, PE describes that prey migrate not only from patches of higher prey density to those of lower prey density but also from patches of higher predator density to those of lower predator density. Results show that either PP or PE can reduce spatial synchrony and result in the improvement of metapopulation persistence. Spatially explicit predator-prey system with local migration but without PP and PE can produce self-organized spatial patterns such as circular waves. The effect of PP and PE on spatial predator-prey system can decrease the spatial synchrony and change the circular waves to spatial chaos; therefore, these factors increase the spatial complexity and improve the metapopulation persistence. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Coupled patch model; Dynamical complexity; Pattern formation; Predator-prey metapopulation; Spatial chaos; Spatial wave	Chaos theory; Mathematical models; Population statistics; Self organizing maps; Host-parasitoid system; Metapopulation; Predator pursuit (PP); Predator-prey system; Ecosystems; ecological modeling; metapopulation; patch dynamics; persistence; predator-prey interaction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646425859	Linking a population model with an ecosystem model: Assessing the impact of land use and climate change on savanna shrub cover dynamics	Tews J., Esther A., Milton S.J., Jeltsch F.	2006	Ecological Modelling	195	42433	10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.11.025	Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, D-14467 Potsdam, Germany; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa	Tews, J., Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, D-14467 Potsdam, Germany; Esther, A., Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, D-14467 Potsdam, Germany; Milton, S.J., Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; Jeltsch, F., Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, D-14467 Potsdam, Germany	In semiarid savannas of Southern Africa current land use practices and climate change may lead to substantial changes of vegetation structure in the near future, however uncertainty remains about the potential consequences and the magnitude of change. In this paper we study the impact of climate change, cattle grazing, and wood cutting on shrub cover dynamics in savannas of the southern Kalahari. We use an established savanna ecosystem model to simulate landscape dynamics in terms of rainfall, fire and distribution of the dominant tree Acacia erioloba. We then incorporate these data into a spatial population model of the common, fleshy-fruited shrub Grewia flava and investigate shrub cover dynamics for a period of 100 years. Depending on the intensity of commercial wood cutting practices tree removal of A. erioloba led to a strong decline of the G. flava population, as shrub recruitment is concentrated in tree sub-canopies due to bird-mediated seed dispersal. Under climate change shrub cover slightly decreased with decreasing precipitation and was unchanged with increase in precipitation variability. Contrarily, grazing by cattle strongly increased shrub cover and facilitated shrub encroachment because of cattle-induced distribution of G. flava seeds into the matrix vegetation. Knowledge of the latter process is particularly important because shrub invasion is a major concern for conservation and savanna rangeland management as a result of its adverse effects on livestock carrying capacity and biodiversity. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Acacia erioloba; Bush encroachment; Global change; Grewia flava; Overgrazing; Seed dispersal; Shrub encroachment; Southern Kalahari; Spatial-explicit simulation model	Climate change; Land use; Mathematical models; Regional planning; Vegetation; Acacia erioloba; Bush encroachment; Global change; Grewia flava; Overgrazing; Seed dispersal; Shrub encroachment; Southern Kalahari; Spatial-explicit simulation model; Ecosystems; climate change; grazing; land use; landscape change; savanna; semiarid region; shrub; Africa; Kalahari Desert; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Acacia; Acacia erioloba; Aves; Bos taurus; Grewia; Grewia flava	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33747817988	Comparing trophic flows and fishing impacts of a NW Mediterranean ecosystem with coastal upwelling systems by means of standardized models and indicators	Coll M., Shannon L.J., Moloney C.L., Palomera I., Tudela S.	2006	Ecological Modelling	198	42371	10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.04.009	Institute of Marine Science (CMIMA-CSIC), Passeig Maritim la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Marine and Coastal Management, Private Bag X2, Rogge Bay 8012 Cape Town, South Africa; Marine Biology Research Institute, Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701 Cape Town, South Africa; WWF Mediterranean Programme Office, Canuda 37, 08002 Barcelona, Spain	Coll, M., Institute of Marine Science (CMIMA-CSIC), Passeig Maritim la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Shannon, L.J., Marine and Coastal Management, Private Bag X2, Rogge Bay 8012 Cape Town, South Africa; Moloney, C.L., Marine Biology Research Institute, Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701 Cape Town, South Africa; Palomera, I., Institute of Marine Science (CMIMA-CSIC), Passeig Maritim la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Tudela, S., WWF Mediterranean Programme Office, Canuda 37, 08002 Barcelona, Spain	The NW Mediterranean has a number of structural features in common with upwelling ecosystems. Therefore, an ecological model representing a NW Mediterranean exploited ecosystem was standardized and compared with four previously standardized models from coastal upwelling ecosystems: the Northern and Southern Humboldt (Chile and Peru upwelling systems) and the Northern and Southern Benguela (Namibia and South Africa upwelling systems). Results from biomasses, flows and trophic levels indicated important differences between ecosystems, mainly caused by differences in primary production, which was smallest in the NW Mediterranean Sea. However, principal component analysis (PCA) of biomasses and flows suggested a similar pattern between the NW Mediterranean and the South African systems due to the inclusion of an important fraction of the continental shelf in both ecological models representing these areas. At the same time, diets of commercial species from the NW Mediterranean were more similar to Benguela than Humboldt species. However, the relatively heavy fishing pressure in the NW Mediterranean ecosystem was highlighted relative to its primary production, and was evident from the large catches and small primary production, largest flows from TL 1 required to sustain the fishery (%PPR), the low trophic level of the catch (TLc), high exploitation rates (F/Z), largest values in the trophic spectra portraying catch: biomass ratio, the FIB index and the demersal: total catch ration. Comparisons of %PPR, the trophic level of the community (TLco), the biomass of consumers and F/Z ratios seemed to capture the ecosystem effects of fishing: large in the NW Mediterranean, Namibia and Peru upwelling systems. Small pelagic fish were the most important component of the fisheries in the NW Mediterranean and Peruvian systems. However, the smaller production and biomass ratios from the NW Mediterranean could be an indirect indicator of intense fishing pressure on small pelagic fish, also in line with results from consumption of small pelagic fish by the fishery, F/Z ratios and trophic spectra. Moreover, similarities between the NW Mediterranean and Namibian systems were found, mainly related to the demersal: total catch ratios, the FIB index, the relevance of gelatinous zooplankton in the consumption of production and the importance of pelagic-demersal coupling, in remarkable contrast to the other ecosystems. These similarities should be interpreted in terms of dynamic trajectories that the Namibian system has shown due to the collapse of its pelagic ecosystem, partly due to fishing intensity, and the signs that the NW Mediterranean could follow suit in the future. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Ecological modelling; Ecosystem indicators; Fishing impact; Mediterranean; Trophic flows; Upwelling ecosystems	Biodiversity; Biomass; Ecology; Environmental impact; Mathematical models; Principal component analysis; Ecological modeling; Ecosystem indicators; Fishing impact; Trophic flows; Upwelling ecosystems; Ecosystems; biomass; coastal zone; commercial species; comparative study; diet; ecological modeling; fishing; oceanic circulation; pelagic fish; principal component analysis; trophic level; upwelling; Africa; Atlantic Ocean; Benguela Current; Chile; Humboldt Current; Mediterranean Sea; Mediterranean Sea (Northwest); Namibia; Pacific Ocean; Peru; South Africa; South America; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548755466	Evaluation of information indices as indicators of environmental stress in terrestrial soils	Tobor-Kapłon M.A., Holtkamp R., Scharler U.M., Doroszuk A., Kuenen F.J.A., Bloem J., de Ruiter P.C.	2007	Ecological Modelling	208	1	10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.04.022	Department of Innovation and Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Research Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, Utrecht University, Netherlands; Department of Soil Sciences, Alterra Wageningen University, Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands; School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, George Campbell Bldg., 4041 Durban, South Africa; Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management (AEW), Wageningen University, Research Centre, Ritzema Bosweg 32 -A, 6703 AZ Wageningen, Netherlands; Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Netherlands; Institute of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Netherlands	Tobor-Kapłon, M.A., Department of Innovation and Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Research Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, Utrecht University, Netherlands, Department of Soil Sciences, Alterra Wageningen University, Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands; Holtkamp, R., Department of Innovation and Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Research Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, Utrecht University, Netherlands; Scharler, U.M., School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, George Campbell Bldg., 4041 Durban, South Africa, Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management (AEW), Wageningen University, Research Centre, Ritzema Bosweg 32 -A, 6703 AZ Wageningen, Netherlands; Doroszuk, A., Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Netherlands; Kuenen, F.J.A., Institute of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Netherlands; Bloem, J., Department of Soil Sciences, Alterra Wageningen University, Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands; de Ruiter, P.C., Department of Innovation and Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Research Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, Utrecht University, Netherlands	Information indices from Ecosystem Network Analysis (ENA) can be used to quantify the development of an ecosystem in terms of its size and organization. There are two types of indices, i.e. absolute indices that describe both the size and organization of ecosystem (Total System Throughput (TST)-system size, Ascendancy (A)-size of organized flows and Development Capacity (C)-upper limit for A, Overhead (L)-size of unorganized flows) and relative indices that describe only the organization (Average Mutual Information (AMI = A:TST), Flow Diversity (H = C:TST), Relative Overhead (RL = L:TST)). It is theorized that environmental stress impair the ecosystem development and that the effect of stress can be quantified with the ENA information indices. Here we applied ENA on a case of environmental stress in a terrestrial ecosystem, i.e. soils that have endured long-term exposure to elevated copper concentration and altered pH. The absolute indices showed an unexpected pattern of response to pollution, suggesting that ecosystems in polluted soils are more active and better organized than these in unpolluted soils. The relative indices, alternatively, responded to pollution as predicted by theory, i.e. with decrease of stress (pollution level) the level of specialization increased (increase of AMI) and losses of energy, e.g. due to respiration, decreased (decrease of Overhead). The diversity and evenness of flows showed hump-backed relationship with stress. Less polluted soils appeared to be less vulnerable to external disturbances and more efficient in processing energy (higher Relative Ascendancy (RA = A:C)) than polluted soils. The relative information indices were rigid to changes in values of assumed parameters. The relative indices, opposite to absolute indices, appeared to be useful as indicators of environmental stress on the ecosystem level. © 2007.	Ascendancy; Average Mutual Information; Development Capacity; Ecosystem Network Analysis; Flow Diversity; Information indices; Soil; Stress	Ecosystems; Environmental engineering; pH effects; Soil pollution; Stress analysis; Systems analysis; Ascendancy; Average Mutual Information; Development Capacity; Ecosystem Network Analysis; Flow Diversity; Information indices; Soil mechanics; concentration (composition); copper; environmental stress; pH; soil pollution; terrestrial environment	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-39649119639	Hakea sericea: Development of a model of the impacts of biological control on population dynamics and rates of spread of an invasive species	Le Maitre D.C., Krug R.M., Hoffmann J.H., Gordon A.J., Mgidi T.N.	2008	Ecological Modelling	212	42433	10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.11.011	Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, PO Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa; Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X5017, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa	Le Maitre, D.C., Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, PO Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; Krug, R.M., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Hoffmann, J.H., Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa; Gordon, A.J., Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X5017, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa; Mgidi, T.N., Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, PO Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa	This paper reports on the development and testing of a simulation model to assess the impacts of two seed-feeding biological control agents on the dispersal of an invasive perennial tree, Hakea sericea (Proteaceae), which was introduced into South Africa from Australia during the 1850s. The agents are known to reduce seed banks at the individual plant level but the population-level effects are not well understood. The aim of the study was to estimate the extent to which the biological control has reduced the population growth and rate of spread of this species. H. sericea is a serotinous species which releases its wind-dispersed seeds en masse when the parent plants are killed, usually by fire. Field data were used to develop functions describing the fecundity of the plants and the impacts of the biological control agents as well as seedling recruitment rates and density dependent mortality. A group of 'experts' provided estimates of the cumulative proportion of seeds that would disperse over distances from 50 to 1000 m following a fire. The estimates were used to fit various long-range dispersal functions. The Weibull distribution gave the overall best fit and was used to generate parameter sets from each expert's estimates of dispersal. Simulations were then run using a reasonable range of fire intervals and dispersal parameters for the two experts whose estimates represented the minimum and maximum dispersal distances. Biological control agents have reduced the seed loads on H. sericea plants by more than 95%. This, in turn, reduced population growth rates, maximum seed dispersal distances and the formation of new invasion foci. Population growth rates and spread rates were positively correlated because greater dispersal distances resulted in lower densities and, thus, lower levels of density dependent mortality. Numerous previous studies have found that biological control can limit population growth rates of invasive plants, but this is one of the few to have estimated the impacts on the invasion rates and to use an individual-based modelling approach to estimate population-level effects. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Biological control; Fire frequency; Hakea sericea; Population dynamics; Seed banks; Seed dispersal; South Africa; Weibull distribution	Biocontrol; Biodiversity; Plants (botany); Seed; Weibull distribution; Fire frequency; Hakea sericea; Seed banks; Seed dispersal; Population dynamics; angiosperm; biological control; density dependence; fire; individual-based model; invasive species; mortality; population dynamics; population estimation; population growth; recruitment (population dynamics); seed bank; seed dispersal; shrub; Weibull theory; Africa; Australasia; Australia; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Hakea sericea; Proteaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350786518	The effects of aggregation on the performance of the inverse method and indicators of network analysis	Johnson G.A., Niquil N., Asmus H., Bacher C., Asmus R., Baird D.	2009	Ecological Modelling	220	23	10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.08.003	IFREMER, Place du Seminaire, L'Houmeau, 17137, France; Institut du Littoral et de l'Environnement, Université de La Rochelle, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France; Alfred Wegener Institut, Hafenstrasse 43, Wattenmeerstation, List, 25992, Germany; IFREMER, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France; Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7620 Stellenbosch, South Africa	Johnson, G.A., IFREMER, Place du Seminaire, L'Houmeau, 17137, France; Niquil, N., Institut du Littoral et de l'Environnement, Université de La Rochelle, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France; Asmus, H., Alfred Wegener Institut, Hafenstrasse 43, Wattenmeerstation, List, 25992, Germany; Bacher, C., IFREMER, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France; Asmus, R., Alfred Wegener Institut, Hafenstrasse 43, Wattenmeerstation, List, 25992, Germany; Baird, D., Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7620 Stellenbosch, South Africa	Food webs are usually aggregated into a manageable size for their interpretation and analysis. The aggregation of food web components in trophic or other guilds is often at the choice of the modeler as there is little guidance in the literature as to what biases might be introduced by aggregation decisions. We examined the impacts of the choice of the a priori model on the subsequent estimation of missing flows using the inverse method and on the indices derived from ecological network analysis of both inverse method-derived flows and on the actual values of flows, using the fully determined Sylt-Rømø Bight food web model. We used the inverse method, with the least squares minimization goal function, to estimate 'missing' values in the food web flows on 14 aggregation schemes varying in number of compartments and in methods of aggregation. The resultant flows were compared to known values; the performance of the inverse method improved with increasing number of compartments and with aggregation based on both habitat and feeding habits rather than diet similarity. Comparison of network analysis indices of inverse method-derived flows with that of actual flows and the original value for the unaggregated food web showed that the use of both the inverse method and the aggregation scheme affected indices derived from ecological network analysis. The inverse method tended to underestimate the size and complexity of food webs, while an aggregation scheme explained as much variability in some network indices as the difference between inverse-derived and actual flows. However, topological network indices tended to be most robust to both the method of determining flows and to the inverse method. These results suggest that a goal function other than minimization of flows should be used when applying the inverse method to food web models. Comparison of food web models should be done with extreme care when different methodologies are used to estimate unknown flows and to aggregate system components. However, we propose that indices such as relative ascendency and relative redundancy are most valuable for comparing ecosystem models constructed using different methodologies for determining missing flows or for aggregating system components. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Aggregation; Ecological indicators; Estuary; Food web; Inverse method; Network analysis	Aggregation; Ecological indicators; Food web; Inverse method; Network analysis; Ecosystems; Electric network analysis; Food additives; Inverse problems; aggregation; comparative study; ecosystem modeling; estimation method; estuarine ecosystem; feeding behavior; food web; habitat creation; inverse analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956901748	Testing the impact of social forces on the evolution of Sahelian farming systems: A combined agent-based modeling and anthropological approach	Saqalli M., Gérard B., Bielders C., Defourny P.	2010	Ecological Modelling	221	22	10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.08.004	REEDS UVSQ Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 47 boulevard Vauban, 78280 Guyancourt, France; International Livestock Research Institute, Addis-Abeba, Ethiopia; Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium	Saqalli, M., REEDS UVSQ Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 47 boulevard Vauban, 78280 Guyancourt, France; Gérard, B., International Livestock Research Institute, Addis-Abeba, Ethiopia; Bielders, C., Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Defourny, P., Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium	This article presents the results of a methodology based on an extensive sociological fieldwork in three different sites settled along a gradient of aridity in Nigerien Sahel. This fieldwork led to build a set of rules for the behaviour of individuals in non-pastoralist villages. We implemented these rules into an agent-based model simulating three village archetypes. Each archetype includes biophysical, economical, social agricultural and livestock modules. Results from simulations with no social transition processes show that villages specialize themselves into different economic activities according to natural resource specificities: A decreasing intensification gradient is observed from the most favoured site, with more local productions and good ecological indicators, to the less-favoured site, with a growing proportion of the population wealth coming from migration remittances and " off-shore" livestock. Two family transition processes were implemented, following field observations and literature-based hypotheses: family organizations evolve between a patriarchal mode and a non-cooperative mode following tensions due to income redistribution. Family inheritance systems evolve from a " customary" one-heir mode to a " local Muslim" mode in which all males inherits land. This evolution depends on family tensions due to land availability. Once introducing these processes, the population of each site differentiates itself into specialized groups according to size, assets and social status. Meanwhile, the group proportions and specializations strongly vary according to the sites but they are all characterized by the emergence of individualistic family types and the increase of the village populations' robustness. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.	Family organization; Family transition processes; Individual agent-based modeling; Inheritance; Social distribution of economic assets	Family organization; Family transition processes; Individual agent; Inheritance; Social distribution; Computational methods; Ecology; Economics; Agriculture; anthropology; aridity; economic activity; family structure; farming system; literature review; rural area; social behavior; Nigeria; Sahel [Sub-Saharan Africa]	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054097164	Stochastic simulation model of Ankole pastoral production system: Model development and evaluation	Mulindwa H., Galukande E., Wurzinger M., Ojango J., Okeyo A.M., Sölkner J.	2011	Ecological Modelling	222	20-22	10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.08.027	National Livestock Resources Research Institute, Tororo, Uganda; National Animal Genetic Resources Center and Data Bank, Entebbe, Tororo, Uganda; BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya	Mulindwa, H., National Livestock Resources Research Institute, Tororo, Uganda, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Galukande, E., National Animal Genetic Resources Center and Data Bank, Entebbe, Tororo, Uganda, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Wurzinger, M., BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Ojango, J., International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Okeyo, A.M., International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Sölkner, J., BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria	In the Ankole pastoral production system animals are grazed on pasture all year round. The cattle are not supplemented with conserved pasture or commercial feed except minerals. The large number of factors that influence production makes it impractical and expensive to use field trials to explore all the farm system options. A model of a pastoral production system was developed to provide a tool for developing and testing the system; for example, drying off animals early and supplement them for quick return on heat, testing the economic and ecological viability of the different stocking rates. The model links climate information, on a monthly basis, with dynamic, stochastic component-models for pasture growth and animal production, as well as management policies. Some of the component models were developed and published by other authors but are modified to suit the Ankole pastoral conditions. The model outputs were compared with on-farm data collected over 3 years and data collected for other on-farm studies in the region. The relative prediction error (RPE) values for body weight after weaning across both breeds ranged from 3% to 12% which is below the acceptable 20% and means that the model predicts post weaning growth with an average error of 7.5%. The model predicted pasture production and milk yield across seasons with relative prediction errors of 17.6% and 3.33%, respectively. The graph shapes of actual and predicted average daily milk yield as influenced by season (month of the year) were similar. Because pasture growth and milk production predictions were acceptable, economic predictions can be made using the model to test different management options such as seasonal breeding, alterations in lactation length and determination of appropriate off-takes and evaluation of economic viability of various stocking rates. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	Ankole cattle; Pastoral system; Simulation; STELLA software	Animal production; Ankole cattle; Average errors; Body weight; Climate information; Commercial feed; Component model; Economic predictions; Economic viability; Field trial; Management options; Management policy; Milk production; Milk yield; Model development; Model links; Model outputs; Pastoral system; Pasture production; Prediction errors; Production system; Quick-return; Simulation; Stella software; Stochastic simulation model; Animals; Climate models; Computer simulation; Economic analysis; Farms; Forecasting; Production engineering; Software testing; Stochastic systems; Stochastic models; agricultural production; body mass; cattle; data set; economic analysis; error analysis; grazing; growth; model test; numerical model; pastoralism; pasture; prediction; software; stochasticity; stocking density; weaning; weight; Animalia; Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84902578770	Predicting the impact of climate change on regional and seasonal abundance of the mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) using temperature-driven phenology model linked to GIS	Fand B.B., Tonnang H.E.Z., Kumar M., Bal S.K., Singh N.P., Rao D.V.K.N., Kamble A.L., Nangare D.D., Minhas P.S.	2014	Ecological Modelling	288	None	10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.05.018	National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Malegaon, Baramati, Pune 413 115, Maharashtra, India; International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology, PO Box 30772 00100, Nairobi, Kenya	Fand, B.B., National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Malegaon, Baramati, Pune 413 115, Maharashtra, India; Tonnang, H.E.Z., International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology, PO Box 30772 00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Kumar, M., National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Malegaon, Baramati, Pune 413 115, Maharashtra, India; Bal, S.K., National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Malegaon, Baramati, Pune 413 115, Maharashtra, India; Singh, N.P., National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Malegaon, Baramati, Pune 413 115, Maharashtra, India; Rao, D.V.K.N., National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Malegaon, Baramati, Pune 413 115, Maharashtra, India; Kamble, A.L., National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Malegaon, Baramati, Pune 413 115, Maharashtra, India; Nangare, D.D., National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Malegaon, Baramati, Pune 413 115, Maharashtra, India; Minhas, P.S., National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Malegaon, Baramati, Pune 413 115, Maharashtra, India	The mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a highly invasive and polyphagous pest of global incidence. The fundamental hypothesis of the present study was that the temperature variations due to global climate change may affect seriously the future distribution and abundance of P. solenopsis, which might further aggravate the crop yield losses. We employed a temperature-based phenology model of P. solenopsis in a geographic information system for mapping population growth potentials of P. solenopsis. The three risk indices viz., establishment risk index, generation index and activity index were computed using interpolated temperature data from worldclim database for current (2000) and future (2050) climatic conditions. The daily minimum and maximum temperature data from four selected weather stations in India were used for analysing within-year variation of pest population. A linear relationship was established between the activity indices and yield losses at various locations reported in literatures for predicting the future trend of yield loss due to climate change. The results revealed that, under current temperature conditions P. solenopsis can complete >4.0 generations per year on ~80% of the global cotton production areas. Economic losses are likely to occur in areas where at least 8.0 generations can develop in a year; under current climate ~40% areas fall under this category. The increased geographical suitability at higher latitudes in cotton production areas, additional 2.0 generations per year, and 4.0 fold increase of population abundance of P. solenopsis are expected in tropical and sub-tropical cotton areas of Brazil, South Africa, Pakistan and India due to predicted climate change. Analysis of within year population increase at various selected locations in India revealed that, P. solenopsis attained maximum potential population increase during the major cotton growing season (May-June to October-November). On the other hand, the innate ability of P. solenopsis population to increase reduced considerably during off season and cooler winter months. The increased pest activity of P. solenopsis due to climate change may intensify the losses in cotton yield, with forecasted losses in India to increase from existing losses of million US$ 1217.10 to future losses of million US$ 1764.85 by the year 2050. Here, we illustrate the possible impact of climate change on future P. solenopsis exacerbation based on temperature-driven population studies, which will help in undertaking agro-ecoregion specific management strategies. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Abiotic stresses; Climate adaptation planning; Invasive pests; Pest forecasting models; Policy measures; Risk mapping	Biology; Climate change; Climate models; Cotton; Cultivation; Forecasting; Forestry; Geographic information systems; Losses; Mapping; Risk assessment; Abiotic stress; Forecasting models; Invasive pests; Policy measures; Risk mappings; Population statistics; climate change; climate conditions; ecological modeling; GIS; growing season; insect; invasive species; phenology; plant-herbivore interaction; policy making; prediction; temperature effect; yield response; Brazil; South Africa; South Asia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649773344	Estimating expenditure impacts without expenditure data using asset proxies	Wittenberg M.	2011	Economics Letters	110	2	10.1016/j.econlet.2010.11.009	School of Economics, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Wittenberg, M., School of Economics, University of Cape Town, South Africa	When asset indices are used in regressions the coefficients obtained are typically difficult to interpret. We show how lower bounds on expenditure effects can be extracted, if the relationship between the assets and expenditure can be calibrated on an auxiliary data set. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.	Asset index; Attenuation; Obesity; Proxy variables	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33747363810	Growth impact and determinants of foreign direct investment into South Africa, 1956-2003	Fedderke J.W., Romm A.T.	2006	Economic Modelling	23	5	10.1016/j.econmod.2005.10.005	School of Economics, University of Cape Town, South Africa; School of Economic and Business Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa	Fedderke, J.W., School of Economics, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Romm, A.T., School of Economic and Business Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa	The paper is concerned with the growth impact and the determinants of foreign direct investment in South Africa. Estimation is in terms of a standard spillover model of investment, and in terms of a new model of locational choice in FDI between domestic and foreign alternatives. We find complementarity of foreign and domestic capital in the long run, implying a positive technological spillover from foreign to domestic capital. While there is a crowd-out of domestic investment from foreign direct investment, this impact is restricted to the short run. Further we find that foreign direct investment in South Africa has tended to be capital intensive, suggesting that foreign direct investment has been horizontal rather than vertical. Determinants of foreign direct investment in South Africa lie in the net rate of return, as well as the risk profile of the foreign direct investment liabilities. Policy handles are both direct and powerful. Reducing political risk, ensuring property rights, most importantly bolstering growth in the market size, as well as wage moderation, lowering corporate tax rates, and ensuring full integration of the South African economy into the world economy all follow as policy prescriptions from our empirical findings. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Foreign direct investment; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861685357	Recent French relative export performance: Is there a competitiveness problem?	Kabundi A., Nadal De Simone F.	2012	Economic Modelling	29	4	10.1016/j.econmod.2012.02.017	Department of Economics, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa; Economic Research Southern Africa (ERASA), South Africa; Central Bank of Luxemburg, Luxembourg	Kabundi, A., Department of Economics, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa, Economic Research Southern Africa (ERASA), South Africa; Nadal De Simone, F., Central Bank of Luxemburg, Luxembourg	French economic activity is significantly affected by economic activity in the rest of the world. In recent years, the export performance of France relative to its own past and relative to a major trading partner, Germany, deteriorated. That deterioration seems related to the trend growth of exports (both by geographical destination and by product composition). Using a structural generalized dynamic factor model, this study shows that faced with an increase in unit labor costs or in its terms of trade, France adjusts relatively less via price and wage changes, and more via employment changes. French exports benefit relatively less than German exports from positive shocks either in a geographical or in the Standard International Trade Classification product classification. Given that the convergence of the French guaranteed minimum wage (SMIC) operated between 2003 and 2006 resulted in a significant increase in unit labor costs, the study supports the view that the foreign sector difficulties might be structural. The importance of trade flows as well as the policy constraints imposed by the euro area, highlights the relevance of structural reforms that increase markets flexibility. In addition, the analysis stresses the importance of policy measures that increase productivity, and the desirability of avoiding SMIC adjustments unrelated to productivity. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	Competitiveness; Dynamic factor models; Productivity	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873979266	Impact of fiscal policy in an intertemporal CGE model for South Africa	Mabugu R., Robichaud V., Maisonnave H., Chitiga M.	2013	Economic Modelling	31	1	10.1016/j.econmod.2013.01.019	Financial and Fiscal Commission, Private Bag X69, Halfway House 1685, South Africa; CIRPEE, Université Laval and PEP network, Canada; Human Sciences Research Council, Economic Performance and Development Unit, South Africa	Mabugu, R., Financial and Fiscal Commission, Private Bag X69, Halfway House 1685, South Africa; Robichaud, V., CIRPEE, Université Laval and PEP network, Canada; Maisonnave, H., CIRPEE, Université Laval and PEP network, Canada; Chitiga, M., Human Sciences Research Council, Economic Performance and Development Unit, South Africa	This paper uses an intertemporal computable general equilibrium model to investigate the consequences of an expansive fiscal policy designed to accelerate economic growth in South Africa. A key contribution is made to existing literature on the transmission mechanism of fiscal policy in African economies. To the best of our knowledge, no published study has empirically analyzed the macroeconomic effects of fiscal policy in the context of an open, middle-income sub-Saharan African economy like South Africa using an integrated intertemporal model with such disaggregated production structure. The paper shows that an expansive fiscal policy would have a temporary impact on gross domestic product (GDP) but would translate into higher debt relative to GDP. Using increased taxation to finance the additional spending would lessen this impact but would also negatively affect macroeconomic variables. Increased investment spending would improve long-term GDP, under any financing scheme, and would decrease debt-to-GDP ratio as well as deficit-to-GDP ratio. This outcome is driven by the positive impact infrastructure has on total factor productivity. Sensitivity analysis shows that these conclusions are qualitatively similar for wide values of the elasticity of the total factor productivity to infrastructure. In fact, the conclusions hold even when comparing different financing schemes. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Infrastructure; Intertemporal CGE model; New growth path; South Africa; Total factor productivity	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941905493	The impact of the 2014 platinum mining strike in South Africa: An economy-wide analysis	Bohlmann H.R., Van Heerden J.H., Dixon P.B., Rimmer M.T.	2015	Economic Modelling	51	None	10.1016/j.econmod.2015.08.010	Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Centre of Policy Studies, Victoria University, Australia	Bohlmann, H.R., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Van Heerden, J.H., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Dixon, P.B., Centre of Policy Studies, Victoria University, Australia; Rimmer, M.T., Centre of Policy Studies, Victoria University, Australia	In this paper we measure the economy-wide impact of the 2014 labour strike in South Africa's platinum industry. The strike lasted 5. months, ending in June 2014 when producers reached an agreement with the main labour unions. The immediate impacts on local mining towns were particularly severe, but our research shows that the strike could also have long lasting negative impacts on the South African economy as a whole. We find that it is not the higher nominal wages itself that caused the most damage, but the possible reaction by investors in the mining industry towards South Africa. Investor confidence is likely to be, at least, temporarily harmed, in which case it would take many years for the effects of the strike to disappear. We conduct our analysis using a dynamic CGE model of South Africa. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Computable general equilibrium; Platinum mining strike; UPGEM	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84923195923	Jellyfish outbreak impacts on recreation in the Mediterranean Sea: Welfare estimates from a socioeconomic pilot survey in Israel	Ghermandi A., Galil B., Gowdy J., Nunes P.A.L.D.	2015	Ecosystem Services	11	None	10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.12.004	University of Haifa, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel; National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and oLimnological Research, POB 8030, Haifa, Israel; Economics Department, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, United States; Ecosystem Services Economics Unit, Division of Environmental Policy Implementation (DEPI), UNEP - United Nations Environment Programme, P.O. Box 30522, Nairobi, Kenya	Ghermandi, A., University of Haifa, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel; Galil, B., National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and oLimnological Research, POB 8030, Haifa, Israel; Gowdy, J., Economics Department, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, United States; Nunes, P.A.L.D., Ecosystem Services Economics Unit, Division of Environmental Policy Implementation (DEPI), UNEP - United Nations Environment Programme, P.O. Box 30522, Nairobi, Kenya	Jellyfish outbreaks in the Mediterranean Sea are part of an anthropogenic alteration of the marine ecosystem and have been documented as health hazards and threats to tourism. Their impacts on human welfare have, however, been poorly quantified. A socioeconomic survey, carried out in summer 2013, captures the impacts of an outbreak of Rhopilema nomadica on seaside recreation in Israel. Welfare losses are estimated based on per-visit value and expected change in visits patterns. We estimate that an outbreak reduces the number of seaside visits by 3-10.5%, with an annual monetary loss of €1.8-6.2 million. An additional 41% of the respondents state that their recreational activities on the beach are affected by the outbreak. Through a contingent valuation, we find that 56% of the respondents state a willingness to contribute to a national environmental protection program with an estimated annual benefit of €14.8 million. These figures signal an opportunity to invest in public information systems. A pilot study for adaptation was conducted in Barcelona, whose results confirm the importance of the welfare benefits of real-time public information systems. This study provides a benchmark against which the economic impacts of jellyfish outbreaks on coastal recreation and potential adaptation policies can be evaluated. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Coastal recreation; Contingent behavior; Mediterranean ecosystems; Rhopilema nomadic; Welfare economics; Willingness to pay	Rhopilema; Rhopilema nomadica; Scyphozoa	None
None	None	Impact of hydrographic parameters and seasonal variation in sediment fluxes on coral status at Chumbe and Bawe reefs, Zanzibar, Tanzania	Muzuka A.N.N., Dubi A.M., Muhando C.A., Shaghude Y.W.	2010	Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science	89	2	10.1016/j.ecss.2010.05.007	Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Dar es salaam, P.O. Box 668, Zanzibar, Tanzania	Muzuka, A.N.N., Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Dar es salaam, P.O. Box 668, Zanzibar, Tanzania; Dubi, A.M., Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Dar es salaam, P.O. Box 668, Zanzibar, Tanzania; Muhando, C.A., Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Dar es salaam, P.O. Box 668, Zanzibar, Tanzania; Shaghude, Y.W., Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Dar es salaam, P.O. Box 668, Zanzibar, Tanzania	Coral reefs which are an important resource to coastal communities and nation at large are adversely affected by rate of sediment flux to the reefs. However, there is little information on seasonal trend in sediment flux and its impact at the reefs off Zanzibar. Two years' monthly data on sedimentation at Chumbe and Bawe reefs were used to assess seasonal variability in sediment flux and its implication on the coral status. Sediment flux to the Bawe reefs for the duration of the study ranged from 0.2 to 41.5 mg cm-2 d-1, while it ranged from 0.8 to 65.8 mg cm-2 d-1 at the Chumbe reefs. Sediment fluxes at Bawe reefs were highest between November and March, while they were highest between April and September at Chumbe reefs. Generally, sediment fluxes at Bawe reefs were low compared to those at Chumbe. The total sediment input to the reefs ranged from 4615 to 123,403 kg d-1 for Bawe reefs and 2750 to 79,636 kg d-1 for Chumbe reefs. High sediment fluxes at Bawe reefs between November and March; and the Chumbe reefs between April and September can be attributed to water currents and wind pattern in the east African region which are under the influence of the monsoons. The observed trend suggests that the period for coral transplant as a management option for the two sites should be different. Coral transplant can be undertaken in such a way that stress of the corals due to sedimentation can be felt after they have overcome stress from transplant process and temperature. The results from this study contribute to the much needed information for coral transplant, restoration, and management. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.	Coral reef; Currents; Sedimentation rate; Tanzania; Waves; Zanzibar	coral reef; hydrography; marine ecosystem; monsoon; restoration ecology; seasonal variation; sedimentation; sedimentation rate; wind-driven current; Tanzania; Zanzibar Island; Anthozoa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051800673	Swashed away? Storm impacts on sandy beach macrofaunal communities	Harris L., Nel R., Smale M., Schoeman D.	2011	Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science	94	3	10.1016/j.ecss.2011.06.013	Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Port Elizabeth Museum at Bayworld, P.O. Box 13147, Humewood 6013, South Africa; School of Environmental Science, University of Ulster, Ulster, Ireland	Harris, L., Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Nel, R., Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; Smale, M., Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa, Port Elizabeth Museum at Bayworld, P.O. Box 13147, Humewood 6013, South Africa; Schoeman, D., Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa, School of Environmental Science, University of Ulster, Ulster, Ireland	Storms can have a large impact on sandy shores, with powerful waves eroding large volumes of sand off the beach. Resulting damage to the physical environment has been well-studied but the ecological implications of these natural phenomena are less known. Since climate change predictions suggest an increase in storminess in the near future, understanding these ecological implications is vital if sandy shores are to be proactively managed for resilience. Here, we report on an opportunistic experiment that tests the a priori expectation that storms impact beach macrofaunal communities by modifying natural patterns of beach morphodynamics. Two sites at Sardinia Bay, South Africa, were sampled for macrofauna and physical descriptors following standard sampling methods. This sampling took place five times at three- to four-month intervals between April 2008 and August 2009. The second and last sampling events were undertaken after unusually large storms, the first of which was sufficiently large to transform one site from a sandy beach into a mixed shore for the first time in living memory. A range of univariate (linear mixed-effects models) and multivariate (e.g. non-metric multidimensional scaling, PERMANOVA) methods were employed to describe trends in the time series, and to explore the likelihood of possible explanatory mechanisms. Macrofaunal communities at the dune-backed beach (Site 2) withstood the effects of the first storm but were altered significantly by the second storm. In contrast, macrofauna communities at Site 1, where the supralittoral had been anthropogenically modified so that exchange of sediments with the beach was limited, were strongly affected by the first storm and showed little recovery over the study period. In line with predictions from ecological theory, beach morphodynamics was found to be a strong driver of temporal patterns in the macrofaunal community structure, with the storm events also identified as a significant factor, likely because of their direct effects on beach morphodynamics. Our results also support those of other studies suggesting that developed shores are more impacted by storms than are undeveloped shores. Whilst recognising we cannot generalise too far beyond our limited study, our results contribute to the growing body of evidence that interactions between sea-level rise, increasing storminess and the expansion of anthropogenic modifications to the shoreline will place functional beach ecosystems under severe pressure over the forthcoming decades and we therefore encourage further, formal testing of these concepts. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	(E): 25° 30' 21.94″ E; (S): 34° 02' 25.67″ S; (W): 25° 29' 14.05″ E; Bounding co-ordinates: (N): 34° 01' 50.99″ S; Burrowing organisms; Climatic changes; Coastal erosion; Dynamic response; Eastern Cape; Ecosystem resilience; Port Elizabeth; Sardinia Bay;	anthropogenic effect; beach; climate change; community structure; ecosystem resilience; environmental impact; experimental study; habitat conservation; linearity; management practice; morphodynamics; multivariate analysis; numerical model; prediction; pressure effect; sampling; storm; time series; volume; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-82855175182	Occurrence and persistence of water level/salinity states and the ecological impacts for St Lucia estuarine lake, South Africa	Lawrie R.A., Stretch D.D.	2011	Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science	95	1	10.1016/j.ecss.2011.08.007	Centre for Research in Environmental, Coastal and Hydrological Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Surveying and Construction, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa	Lawrie, R.A., Centre for Research in Environmental, Coastal and Hydrological Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Surveying and Construction, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa; Stretch, D.D., Centre for Research in Environmental, Coastal and Hydrological Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Surveying and Construction, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa	The St Lucia estuarine lake in South Africa forms part of a World Heritage Site and is an important local source of biodiversity. Like many estuarine systems worldwide, St Lucia has experienced significant anthropogenic impacts over the past century. Abstractions have decreased fresh water inflows from the lake catchments by about 20%. Furthermore the Mfolozi river, which previously shared a common inlet with St Lucia and contributed additional fresh water during droughts, was diverted from the system in 1952 because of its high silt loads. The separated St Lucia mouth was subsequently kept artificially open until the onset of a dry period in 2002 when the mouth was left to close naturally. These changes and the current drought have placed the system under severe stress with unprecedented hypersaline conditions coupled with desiccation of large portions of the lake. Long-term simulations of the water and salt balance were used to estimate the occurrence and persistence of water levels and salinities for different management scenarios. The risks of desiccation and hyper-salinity were assessed for each case. The results show that the configuration of the Mfolozi/St Lucia inlets plays a key role in the physicochemical environment of the system. Without the Mfolozi link desiccation (of about 50% of the lake area) would occur for 32% of the time for an average duration of 15 months. Artificially maintaining an open mouth would decrease the chance of desiccation but salinities would exceed 65 about 17% of the time. Restoring the Mfolozi link would reduce the occurrence of both desiccation and hypersaline conditions and a mostly open mouth state would occur naturally. Integrating these modeled scenarios with observed biological responses due to changes in salinity and water depth suggests that large long-term changes in the biological structure can be expected in the different management scenarios. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	Biological responses; Persistence times; Salinity; St Lucia; Water level	anthropogenic effect; biodiversity; desiccation; long-term change; physicochemical property; restoration ecology; salinity; water depth; water level; World Heritage Site; KwaZulu-Natal; Lake Saint Lucia; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33748867207	Assessing the performance of SIA in the EIA context: A case study of South Africa	du Pisani J.A., Sandham L.A.	2006	Environmental Impact Assessment Review	26	8	10.1016/j.eiar.2006.07.002	School of Social and Government Studies, North-West University, P.O. Box 19772, Potchefstroom, 2522 Noordbrug, South Africa; School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	du Pisani, J.A., School of Social and Government Studies, North-West University, P.O. Box 19772, Potchefstroom, 2522 Noordbrug, South Africa; Sandham, L.A., School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	This article, a theoretical perspective based on a literature study, is a critical evaluation of SIA as part of the EIA process in South Africa against the background of international guidelines and best practices. It includes sections on the historical background of the development of SIA in South Africa, the legal status and requirements of SIA in the country, and a critical evaluation of SIA regulation in South Africa. The conclusion reached in the article is that the persistent problems of SIA practice, experienced in other parts of the world, are also evident in South Africa. Apart from institutional, financial and professional constraints, there are also serious problems associated with approach and methods. This conclusion confirms the findings of empirical studies that SIA in South Africa is neglected, that the practice of SIA in South Africa is not yet on a sound footing, and that it does not receive the professional attention it deserves in a country beset by enormous social challenges. To conclude the article recommendations are made to improve the level of SIA practice in South Africa, and the possible significance of this national case study for international practice is indicated. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA); Integrated impact assessment; National legislation; Social Impact Assessment (SIA); South Africa	Economic and social effects; Environmental impact; Finance; Laws and legislation; Professional aspects; Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA); Integrated impact assessment; National legislation; Social Impact Assessment (SIA); South Africa; International law; development level; environmental impact assessment; financial crisis; guideline; historical ecology; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
WoS	WOS:000243641700005	A performance evaluation of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) processes within the South African context	Retief, Francois	2007	ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REVIEW	27	1	10.1016/j.eiar.2006.08.002	North West University - South Africa	None	SEA has been described as being more about process than about product. Yet very little research has been conducted to gain a better understanding of how SEA processes perform within developing country contexts. To address this gap in knowledge the research underlying this paper aimed to evaluate the quality of SEA processes within the South African context against specifically designed key performance indicators. Comparison of the different data patterns revealed general SEA process features as well as three broad models, namely the 'stand alone', 'central to decision making' and 'integrated' models. The research results suggest a particularly poor performance in terms of process quality for the SEA case studies investigated. Moreover, it shows that there is no one understanding of SEA process within the South African context. The main limitations related to a weak understanding of the decision making processes SEA aimed to inform, as well as an inability to incorporate flexibility into process design. To take the debate forward it is proposed that SEA follow-up and effectiveness research be explored to determine which of these models (if any) ultimately contributed to influencing decision making and promote sustainability. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	"key performance indicators","PERFORMANCE EVALUATION","process quality","STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860992210	Walking the sustainability assessment talk - Progressing the practice of environmental impact assessment (EIA)	Morrison-Saunders A., Retief F.	2012	Environmental Impact Assessment Review	36	None	10.1016/j.eiar.2012.04.001	School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North West University, South Africa; School of Environmental Science, Murdoch University, Australia	Morrison-Saunders, A., School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North West University, South Africa, School of Environmental Science, Murdoch University, Australia; Retief, F., School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North West University, South Africa	Internationally there is a growing demand for environmental impact assessment (EIA) to move away from its traditional focus towards delivering more sustainable outcomes. South Africa is an example of a country where the EIA system seems to have embraced the concept of sustainability. In this paper we test the existing objectives for EIA in South Africa against sustainability principles and then critique the effectiveness of EIA practice in delivering these objectives. The outcome of the research suggests that notwithstanding a strong and explicit sustainability mandate through policy and legislation, the effectiveness of EIA practice falls far short of what is mandated. This shows that further legislative reform is not required to improve effectiveness but rather a focus on changing the behaviour of individual professionals. We conclude by inviting further debate on what exactly practitioners can do to give effect to sustainability in EIA practice. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.	Effectiveness; Environmental impact assessment; Legislation; Sustainability assessment; Sustainable development	Effectiveness; Growing demand; Legislative reforms; South Africa; Sustainability assessment; Sustainability principles; Sustainable outcomes; Environmental impact assessments; Sustainable development; Laws and legislation; environmental impact assessment; environmental legislation; environmental policy; sustainability; sustainable development; South Africa	None
WoS	WOS:000318962000001	Advancing the theory and practice of impact assessment: Setting the research agenda	Bond, Alan,Morrison-Saunders, Angus,Pope, Jenny,Retief, Francois	2013	ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REVIEW	41	None	10.1016/j.eiar.2013.01.008	Curtin University, Murdoch University, North West University - South Africa, University of East Anglia, Integral Sustainabil	"Retief, Francois: North West University - South Africa",	Impact assessment has been in place for over 40 years and is now practised in some form in all but two of the world's nations. In this paper we reflect on the state of the art of impact assessment theory and practice, focusing on six well-established forms: EIA, SEA, policy assessment, SIA, HIA and sustainability assessment. We note that although the fundamentals of impact assessment have their roots in the US National Environmental Policy Act 1969 (NEPA) each branch of the field is distinct in also drawing on other theoretical and conceptual bases that in turn shape the prevailing discourse in each case, generating increasing degrees of specialisation within each sub-field. Against this backdrop, we consider the strengths and weaknesses of collective impact assessment practice, concluding that although there are substantial strengths, the plethora of specialist branches is generating a somewhat confusing picture and lack of clarity regarding how the pieces of the impact assessment jigsaw puzzle fit together. We use this review to suggest an overarching research agenda that will enable impact assessment to evolve in line with changing expectations for what it should deliver. (c) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	EIA,"IMPACT ASSESSMENT",RESEARCH,"STATE OF THE ART","ASSESSMENT SEA PRACTICE",EIA,MANAGEMENT,PARTICIPATION,PERSPECTIVES,POLICY-MAKING,REFLECTIONS,SOUTH-AFRICA,"STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT","SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879762775	Conceptualising the effectiveness of impact assessment processes	Chanchitpricha C., Bond A.	2013	Environmental Impact Assessment Review	43	None	10.1016/j.eiar.2013.05.006	School of Environmental Health, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Maung District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom; Unit for Environmental Sciences, Management School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North West University, Potchefstroom campus, Internal Box 375, South Africa	Chanchitpricha, C., School of Environmental Health, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Maung District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; Bond, A., School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom, Unit for Environmental Sciences, Management School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North West University, Potchefstroom campus, Internal Box 375, South Africa	This paper aims at conceptualising the effectiveness of impact assessment processes through the development of a literature-based framework of criteria to measure impact assessment effectiveness. Four categories of effectiveness were established: procedural, substantive, transactive and normative, each containing a number of criteria; no studies have previously brought together all four of these categories into such a comprehensive, criteria-based framework and undertaken systematic evaluation of practice. The criteria can be mapped within a cycle/or cycles of evaluation, based on the 'logic model', at the stages of input, process, output and outcome to enable the identification of connections between the criteria across the categories of effectiveness. This framework is considered to have potential application in measuring the effectiveness of many impact assessment processes, including strategic environmental assessment (SEA), environmental impact assessment (EIA), social impact assessment (SIA) and health impact assessment (HIA). © 2013 Elsevier Inc.	Impact assessment tools; Logic model; Normative effectiveness; Procedural effectiveness; Substantive effectiveness; Transactive effectiveness	Impact assessment tools; Logic models; Normative effectiveness; Procedural effectiveness; Substantive effectiveness; Transactive effectiveness; Environmental impact; Environmental impact assessments; environmental impact assessment; identification method; numerical model; social change; strategic environmental assessment	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891350049	Impact assessment: Eroding benefits through streamlining?	Bond A., Pope J., Morrison-Saunders A., Retief F., Gunn J.A.E.	2014	Environmental Impact Assessment Review	45	None	10.1016/j.eiar.2013.12.002	School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom; School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North-West University, South Africa; Integral Sustainability, Australia; Curtin University Sustainability Policy Institute, Australia; Environmental Science, Murdoch University, Australia; Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Canada	Bond, A., School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom, School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North-West University, South Africa; Pope, J., Integral Sustainability, Australia, Curtin University Sustainability Policy Institute, Australia; Morrison-Saunders, A., School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North-West University, South Africa, Environmental Science, Murdoch University, Australia; Retief, F., School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North-West University, South Africa; Gunn, J.A.E., Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Canada	This paper argues that Governments have sought to streamline impact assessment in recent years (defined as the last five years) to counter concerns over the costs and potential for delays to economic development. We hypothesise that this has had some adverse consequences on the benefits that subsequently accrue from the assessments. This hypothesis is tested using a framework developed from arguments for the benefits brought by Environmental Impact Assessment made in 1982 in the face of the UK Government opposition to its implementation in a time of economic recession. The particular benefits investigated are 'consistency and fairness', 'early warning', 'environment and development', and 'public involvement'. Canada, South Africa, the United Kingdom and Western Australia are the jurisdictions tested using this framework. The conclusions indicate that significant streamlining has been undertaken which has had direct adverse effects on some of the benefits that impact assessment should deliver, particularly in Canada and the UK. The research has not examined whether streamlining has had implications for the effectiveness of impact assessment, but the causal link between streamlining and benefits does sound warning bells that merit further investigation. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.	Consistency and fairness; Cost and benefits; Early warning; Public involvement	Consistency and fairness; Cost and benefits; Early warning; Economic development; Economic Recession; Environment and development; Impact assessments; Public involvement; Planning; Environmental impact assessments; economic conditions; economic impact; economic system; environmental economics; environmental impact assessment; Australia; Canada; United Kingdom; Western Australia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901443859	Social Impact Assessment: The lesser sibling in the South African EIA process?	Hildebrandt L., Sandham L.A.	2014	Environmental Impact Assessment Review	48	None	10.1016/j.eiar.2014.04.003	African Centre for Disaster Studies, Research Focus Area: Social Transformation, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa; Environmental Assessment Research Group, School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa	Hildebrandt, L., African Centre for Disaster Studies, Research Focus Area: Social Transformation, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa; Sandham, L.A., Environmental Assessment Research Group, School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa	Social Impact Assessment has developed as an integral but neglected component of EIA in South Africa since it became mandatory in 1997, and has therefore been referred to as the "orphan" or "lesser sibling" of EIA, as has SIA in the UK and the US. The aim of this paper is to test this claim by reviewing the quality of a sample of SIA reports, and also to establish whether there has been any improvement in quality following the introduction of revised EIA regulations in 2006. The results confirm that SIA can be called "the lesser sibling" due to the weak grades achieved in the quality review, but also reveal that there has been a slight and consistent improvement in quality, most likely driven by best practice considerations in the absence of prescriptive regulations for SIA. Suggestions and recommendations for addressing observed weakness in SIA performance are advanced. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.	Effectiveness; EIA; Lesser sibling; Report quality review; Social impact assessment; South africa	Environmental impact assessments; Planning; Effectiveness; EIA; Lesser sibling; Quality reviews; Social impact assessments; South Africa; Economic and social effects; best management practice; environmental impact assessment; literature review; performance assessment; social change; South Africa; United Kingdom; United States	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84906766043	Framing effectiveness in impact assessment: Discourse accommodation in controversial infrastructure development	Rozema J.G., Bond A.J.	2015	Environmental Impact Assessment Review	50	None	10.1016/j.eiar.2014.08.001	Science, Society and Sustainability (3S) Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom; Department of Development and Planning, Aalborg University, A.C. Meyers Vænge 15, DK-2450 København SV, Denmark; School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North West University (Potchefstroom campus), Internal Box 375, South Africa	Rozema, J.G., Science, Society and Sustainability (3S) Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom, Department of Development and Planning, Aalborg University, A.C. Meyers Vænge 15, DK-2450 København SV, Denmark; Bond, A.J., Science, Society and Sustainability (3S) Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom, School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North West University (Potchefstroom campus), Internal Box 375, South Africa	There is ongoing debate about the effectiveness of impact assessment tools, which matters both because of the threat to future practice of the tools which are frequently perceived to be ineffective, and because of the disillusionment that can ensue, and controversy generated, amongst stakeholders in a decision context where opportunities for meaningful debate have not been provided. In this article we regard debate about the meaning of effectiveness in impact assessment as an inevitable consequence of increased participation in environmental decision-making, and therefore frame effectiveness based on an inclusive democracy role to mean the extent to which impact assessment can accommodate civil society discourse. Our aim is to investigate effectiveness based on this framing by looking at one type of impact assessment - environmental impact assessment (EIA) - in two controversial project proposals: the HS2 rail network in England; and the A4DS motorway in the Netherlands. Documentary analysis and interviews held with key civil society stakeholders have been deployed to identify discourses that were mobilised in the cases. EIA was found to be able to accommodate only one out of four discourses that were identified; for the other three it did not provide the space for the arguments that characterised opposition. The conclusion in relation to debate on framings of effectiveness is that EIA will not be considered effective by the majority of stakeholders. EIA was established to support decision-making through a better understanding of impacts, so its ineffectiveness is unsurprising when its role is perceived to be broader. However, there remains a need to map discourses in different decision contexts and to analyse the extent to which the range of discourses are accommodated throughout the decision process, and the role of impact assessment in those processes, before recommendations can be made to either improve impact assessment effectiveness, or whether it is simply perceptions of effectiveness that need to be improved. © 2014 Elsevier Inc.	A4DS; Discourse accommodation; Effectiveness; Environmental impact assessment; HS2; Infrastructure development	Decision making; Environmental impact; Environmental impact assessments; A4DS; Discourse accommodation; Effectiveness; HS2; Infrastructure development; Public policy; Environmental impact assessments; decision making; environmental impact assessment; motorway; railway transport; stakeholder; civil society; environmental assessment; farming system; infrastructural development; participatory approach; England; Netherlands; United Kingdom	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937865051	Integrating community perceptions and cultural diversity in social impact assessment in Nigeria	Nzeadibe T.C., Ajaero C.K., Okonkwo E.E., Okpoko P.U., Akukwe T.I., Njoku-Tony R.F.	2015	Environmental Impact Assessment Review	55	None	10.1016/j.eiar.2015.07.005	Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Demography and Population Studies Programme, The University of Witwatersrand Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Archaeology and Tourism, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Depart	Nzeadibe, T.C., Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ajaero, C.K., Demography and Population Studies Programme, The University of Witwatersrand Johannesburg, South Africa; Okonkwo, E.E., Department of Archaeology and Tourism, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Okpoko, P.U., Department of Archaeology and Tourism, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Akukwe, T.I., Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Njoku-Tony, R.F., Department of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria	The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Act of 1992 aimed to make the environment a central theme in development in Nigeria. Nevertheless, the extent of engagement with local cultures in the Nigerian EIA process is not statutorily guaranteed. While most EIAs in Nigeria have been for oil and gas projects in the Niger Delta, and have focused strongly on the biophysical environment, socio-economic and cultural aspects have remained marginal. The palpable neglect of community perceptions and cultural diversity in social impact assessment (SIA) in this region prone to conflict has tended to alienate the people in the decision-making process. Thus, despite claims to compliance with regulatory requirements for EIAs, and numerous purported sustainable development initiatives by international oil companies (IOCs), the region continues to face multiple sustainability challenges. This paper situates local perceptions and cultural diversity in participatory development and canvasses the integration of community perceptions and cultural diversity into SIA in the Niger Delta region. It is argued that doing this would be critical to ensuring acceptance and success of development actions within the context of local culture while also contributing to sustainable development policy in the region. © 2015 Elsevier Inc.	Community perceptions; Cultural diversity; Niger Delta; Social impact assessment; Sustainable development	Behavioral research; Decision making; Environmental impact; Environmental impact assessments; Planning; Regulatory compliance; Social sciences; Sustainable development; Biophysical environments; Community perceptions; Cultural diversity; Environmental impact assessments (EIA); International oil companies; Niger Delta; Regulatory requirements; Social impact assessments; Economic and social effects; decision making; environmental impact assessment; integrated approach; participatory approach; perception; policy making; social impact assessment; sustainable development; Niger Delta; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33748694684	Yield performance and land-use efficiency of barley and faba bean mixed cropping in Ethiopian highlands	Agegnehu G., Ghizaw A., Sinebo W.	2006	European Journal of Agronomy	25	3	10.1016/j.eja.2006.05.002	Holetta Research Centre, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Agronomy and Crop Physiology, P.O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Agegnehu, G., Holetta Research Centre, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Agronomy and Crop Physiology, P.O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ghizaw, A., Holetta Research Centre, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Agronomy and Crop Physiology, P.O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Sinebo, W., Holetta Research Centre, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Agronomy and Crop Physiology, P.O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Mixed intercropping of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with faba bean (Vicia faba L.) was compared with sole cropping for three growing seasons (2001-2003) at Holetta Agricultural Research Centre, in the central highlands of Ethiopia. The treatments were sole barley (125 kg ha-1), sole faba bean (200 kg ha-1) and an additive series of 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50 and 62.5% of the sole seed rate of faba bean mixed with full barley seed rate. A randomised complete block design replicated four times was used. Mixed cropping and year effects were significant for seed and biomass yields of each crop species. Barley yield was reduced by mixed cropping only when the seed rate of faba bean exceeded 50 kg ha-1 or 25% of the sole seed rate. There was no mixed cropping by year interaction effect for barley grain yield but for faba bean seed yield. Total yield, barley yield equivalent, land equivalent ratio (LER) and system productivity index (SPI) of mixtures exceeded those of sole crops especially when faba bean seed rate in the mixture was increased to 75 kg ha-1 (37.5%) or more. The highest barley yield equivalent, SPI, crowding coefficient and LER were obtained when faba bean was mixed at a rate of 37.5% with full seed rate of barley. From this study, it is inferred that mixed intercropping of faba bean in normal barley culture at a density not less than 37.5% of the sole faba bean density may give better overall yield and income than sole culture of each crop species. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Aggressivity; Barley; Crowding coefficient; Faba bean; Intercropping; Land equivalent ratio; Mixed cropping	barley; comparative study; intercropping; land use; legume; mixed farming; Africa; East Africa; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa; Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare; Vicia faba	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899845225	Which farmers benefit most from sustainable intensification? An ex-ante impact assessment of expanding grain legume production in Malawi	Franke A.C., van den Brand G.J., Giller K.E.	2014	European Journal of Agronomy	58	None	10.1016/j.eja.2014.04.002	Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, Netherlands; Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Franke, A.C., Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, Netherlands, Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; van den Brand, G.J., Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, Netherlands; Giller, K.E., Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, Netherlands	Legume technologies are widely promoted among smallholders in southern Africa, providing an opportunity for sustainable intensification. Farms and farming strategies of smallholders differ greatly within any given locality and determine the opportunities for uptake of technologies. We provide an ex-ante assessment of the impact of grain legumes on different types of farms and identify niches for grain legumes in Malawi. After creation of a farm typology, detailed farm characterisations were used to describe the farming system. The characterisations provided the basis for the construction of simplified, virtual farms on which possible scenarios for expanding and intensifying grain legume production were explored using the farm-scale simulation model NUANCES-FARMSIM. Observed yields and labour inputs suggested that maize provides more edible yield per unit area with a higher calorific value and greater labour use efficiency than groundnut and soybean. Crop yields simulated by the model partly confirmed these yield trends, but at farm level maize-dominated systems often produced less food than systems with more grain legumes. Improved management practices such as addition of P-based fertiliser to grain legumes and inoculation of soybean were crucial to increase biological nitrogen fixation and grain yields of legumes and maize, and created systems with increased area of legumes that were more productive than the current farms. Improved legume management was especially a necessity for low resource endowed farmers who, due to little past use of P-based fertiliser and organic inputs, have soils with a poorer P status than wealthier farmers. Economic analyses suggested that legume cultivation was considerably more profitable than continuous maize cropping. Highest potential net benefits were achieved with tobacco, but the required financial investment made tobacco cultivation riskier. Grain legumes have excellent potential as food and cash crops particularly for medium and high resource endowed farmers, a role that could grow in importance as legume markets further develop. For low resource endowed farmers, legumes can improve food self-sufficiency of households, but only if legumes can be managed with P fertiliser and inoculation in the case of soybean. Given that low resource endowed farmers tend to be risk averse and have few resources to invest, the ability of poorer farmers to adopt legume technologies could be limited. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Crop model; Farm typologies; Groundnut; Maize; Soybean	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928629549	Gills and skin histopathological evaluation in African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus exposed to ethanol extract of Adenium obesum stem bark	Abalaka S.E., Fatihu M.Y., Ibrahim N.D.G., Ambali S.F.	2015	Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research	41	1	10.1016/j.ejar.2015.01.005	Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Abalaka, S.E., Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Fatihu, M.Y., Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Ibrahim, N.D.G., Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Ambali, S.F., Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Histopathological effects of ethanol extract of Adenium obesum stem bark was investigated in the gills and skin of African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus over a 96-h exposure period as an endpoint of toxicity. There was a significant (p<0.05) concentration-dependent mortality in some of the exposed fish. The median lethal concentration of the extract was 7.15mgL-1. The extract caused some histopathological lesions in the gills and skin of the exposed fish. However, the severity but not the type of the lesions observed in the gills and skin of the exposed fish was concentration-dependent. Although the degree of tissue change (DTC) grading indicated moderate damage in the gills of the exposed fish, there were no significant (p>0.05) differences between gills DTC of the exposed and unexposed fish. However, lesions in the skin did not affect the normal functioning of the tissue but significant (p<0.05) differences were recorded in the DTC between the skin of the exposed and the unexposed fish. The extract was toxic to the exposed fish and therefore, A. obesum can be used as a potent organic piscicide for effective fish pond management. © 2015 National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries.	Adenium obesum; Clarias gariepinus; Gills; Histopathology; Skin; Toxicity	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925250271	The Collaborative Wilms Tumour Africa Project; Baseline evaluation of Wilms tumour treatment and outcome in eight institutes in sub-Saharan Africa	Paintsil V., David H., Kambugu J., Renner L., Kouya F., Eden T., Hesseling P., Molyneux E., Israels T.	2015	European Journal of Cancer	51	1	10.1016/j.ejca.2014.10.030	Dept of Child Health, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana; Dept of Paediatric Oncology, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Dept of Paeds Oncology, Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala, Uganda; Dept of Child Health, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; Dept of Paediatric Oncology, Mbingo Baptist Hospital, Cameroon; Acad Unit of Paediatric and Adolescent Oncology, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Dept of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Dept of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, Blantyrea, Malawi; Department of Paediatric Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117Amsterdam, Netherlands	Paintsil, V., Dept of Child Health, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana; David, H., Dept of Paediatric Oncology, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Kambugu, J., Dept of Paeds Oncology, Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala, Uganda; Renner, L., Dept of Child Health, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; Kouya, F., Dept of Paediatric Oncology, Mbingo Baptist Hospital, Cameroon; Eden, T., Acad Unit of Paediatric and Adolescent Oncology, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Hesseling, P., Dept of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Molyneux, E., Dept of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, Blantyrea, Malawi; Israels, T., Department of Paediatric Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117Amsterdam, Netherlands	Aim Reported survival of Wilms tumour in sub-Saharan Africa is below 50%. A published International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) Pediatric Oncology in Developing Countries (PODC) consensus adapted treatment guideline is implemented as a multi-centre prospective clinical trial at eight centres in sub-Saharan Africa. A baseline evaluation has been done to help decide on priorities to improve outcome and to assess improvements over time. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed of patients admitted with Wilms tumour in the three years (2011-2013) preceding the collaborative trial. Patient outcome at the end of treatment was documented for all patients diagnosed in 2011 and 2012. Outcome was classified as (1) alive, no evidence of disease; (2) alive with disease; (3) died during treatment and (4) incomplete treatment. Details on treatment facilities, staff and estimated cost of treatment are documented. Results Every year 114-130 patients are diagnosed. The mean survival at end of treatment is 39% (69/176) ranging from 11% to 61%. Incomplete treatment is the most common cause of treatment failure with 31% (54/176), ranging from 14% to 48% between centres. Twenty-six percent (46/176) of patients died during treatment, ranging from 13% to 37%. Estimated cost of treatment for parents ranged from 100 US$ to 1100 US$ and was considered an important cause of failure to complete treatment. Conclusion Overall two year survival is estimated at 25%. Prevention of incomplete treatment is possible and will positively affect outcome. Sharing similar local challenges in this regional collaborative project helps to identify and implement feasible, sustainable and successful strategies. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Adapted treatment guideline; Africa; Developing country; Low income country; Nephroblastoma; Regional network; Treatment abandonment; Treatment cost; Treatment related mortality; Wilms tumour	Africa south of the Sahara; Article; cancer patient; cancer survival; demography; follow up; health care cost; health insurance; human; major clinical study; medical record review; nephroblastoma; outcome assessment; priority journal; retrospective study; treatment failure; treatment outcome; clinical trial; economics; female; mortality; multicenter study; prospective study; risk factor; survival; treatment outcome; Wilms Tumor; Africa South of the Sahara; Female; Humans; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Survival Analysis; Treatment Outcome; Wilms Tumor	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646371453	Evaluation of eplerenone in the subgroup of EPHESUS patients with baseline left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 30%	Pitt B., Gheorghiade M., Zannad F., Anderson J.L., van Veldhuisen D.J., Parkhomenko A., Corbalan R., Klug E.Q., Mukherjee R., Solomon H.	2006	European Journal of Heart Failure	8	3	10.1016/j.ejheart.2005.11.008	University of Michigan Medical Center, Alfred Taubman Health Care Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States; Clinical Investigation Center INSERM-CHU, Nancy Hopital Jeanne d'Arc, Dommartin-les Toul, France; LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Institute of Cardiology, Intensive Care Department, Kyiv, Ukraine; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Clinical Hospital, the Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Sunninghill Hospital, Sunninghill, South Africa; Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, United States	Pitt, B., University of Michigan Medical Center, Alfred Taubman Health Care Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Gheorghiade, M., Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States; Zannad, F., Clinical Investigation Center INSERM-CHU, Nancy Hopital Jeanne d'Arc, Dommartin-les Toul, France; Anderson, J.L., LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; van Veldhuisen, D.J., University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Parkhomenko, A., Institute of Cardiology, Intensive Care Department, Kyiv, Ukraine; Corbalan, R., Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Clinical Hospital, the Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Klug, E.Q., Sunninghill Hospital, Sunninghill, South Africa; Mukherjee, R., Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, United States; Solomon, H., Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, United States	Aims: Because of the prognostic importance of LV dysfunction following an AMI and the increasing use of electrical and/or mechanical interventions in patients with LV systolic dysfunction, this retrospective analysis of EPHESUS patients with LVEF ≤ 30% at baseline was conducted to determine the value of eplerenone in this setting. Methods and results: In EPHESUS, 6632 patients with LVEF ≤ 40% and clinical heart failure (HF) post-AMI who were receiving standard therapy were randomized to eplerenone 25 mg/day titrated to 50 mg/day or placebo for a mean follow-up of 16 months. Treatment with eplerenone in the subgroup of patients with LVEF ≤ 30% (N = 2106) resulted in relative risk reductions of 21% versus placebo in both all-cause mortality (P = 0.012) and cardiovascular (CV) mortality/CV hospitalization (P = 0.001), and 23% for CV mortality (P = 0.008). The relative risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) was reduced 33% (P = 0.01) and HF mortality/HF hospitalization was reduced 25% (P = 0.005) with eplerenone compared with placebo. Within 30 days of randomization, eplerenone resulted in relative risk reductions of 43% for all-cause mortality (P = 0.002), 29% for CV mortality/CV hospitalization (P = 0.006), and 58% for SCD (P = 0.008). Conclusions: Treatment with eplerenone plus standard therapy in patients with post-AMI HF and LVEF ≤ 30% provided significant incremental benefits in reducing both early and late mortality and morbidity. © 2005 European Society of Cardiology.	Aldosterone; EPHESUS; Eplerenone; Heart failure; Left ventricular systolic dysfunction	acetylsalicylic acid; angiotensin receptor antagonist; beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent; digitalis; dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase inhibitor; diuretic agent; eplerenone; hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor; placebo; vitamin K group; acute heart infarction; adult; aged; article; controlled study; drug fatality; female; follow up; heart death; heart failure; heart left ventricle ejection fraction; hospitalization; human; hyperkalemia; hypokalemia; major clinical study; male; morbidity; mortality; priority journal; randomization; risk reduction; standard; treatment outcome; Adult; Aged; Female; Heart Failure, Congestive; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Spironolactone; Stroke Volume; Ventricular Function, Left	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-44349099730	Design and evaluation of anacardic acid derivatives as anticavity agents	Green I.R., Tocoli F.E., Lee S.H., Nihei K.-i., Kubo I.	2008	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	43	6	10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.08.012	Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, P/Bag X17, Bellville, 7530, South Africa; Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3112, United States	Green, I.R., Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, P/Bag X17, Bellville, 7530, South Africa; Tocoli, F.E., Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, P/Bag X17, Bellville, 7530, South Africa; Lee, S.H., Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3112, United States; Nihei, K.-i., Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3112, United States; Kubo, I., Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3112, United States	On the basis of antibacterial anacardic acids, 6-pentadecenylsalicylic acids, isolated from the cashew apple, Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae), a series of 6-alk(en)ylsalicylic acids were synthesized and tested for their antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. Among them, 6-(4′,8′-dimethylnonyl)salicylic acid was found to exhibit the most potent antibacterial activity against this cariogenic bacterium with the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of 0.78 μg/ml. © 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	6-(4′,8′-Dimethylnonyl)salicylic acid; Anacardic acid; Antibacterial activity; Streptococcus mutans	anacardic acid; salicylic acid derivative; antibacterial activity; article; cashew nut; dental caries; drug design; drug isolation; drug screening; drug synthesis; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; Streptococcus mutans; Anacardic Acids; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dental Caries; Drug Design; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349774229	Pentacyclo-undecane derived cyclic tetra-amines: Synthesis and evaluation as potent anti-tuberculosis agents	Onajole O.K., Govender K., Govender P., van Helden P.D., Kruger H.G., Maguire G.E.M., Muthusamy K., Pillay M., Wiid I., Govender T.	2009	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	44	11	10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.07.015	School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Medical Microbiology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa; School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Onajole, O.K., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Govender, K., Department of Medical Microbiology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Govender, P., Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; van Helden, P.D., Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa; Kruger, H.G., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Maguire, G.E.M., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Muthusamy, K., Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Pillay, M., Department of Medical Microbiology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Wiid, I., Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa; Govender, T., School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	As part of an ongoing effort to develop highly potent anti-tuberculosis agents, fourteen pentacyclo-undecane (PCU) tetra-amine compounds were synthesized and screened for their in vitro anti-mycobacterial activity against two TB strains, H37Rv and XDR 194 [an extensively drug-resistant strain of tuberculosis]. Using the broth macrodilution method, nitrofuranylamide based compounds (6a and 6b) showed almost similar activities against the H37Rv strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis when compared with the control drug, ethambutol. N-Geranyl piperazine PCU (8a) and trans-trans farnesyl piperazine PCU (8b) were 3.2 and 3.7 times more potent than commercially available ethambutol. Both isoprenyl PCU tetra-amine derivatives and N-decyl piperazine PCU (9a) were highly active against the XDR 194 strain of tuberculosis with MICs in the range of 0.63-3.02 μM. Cytotoxicities (IC50) of isoprenyl based compounds (8a, 8b) and compound 9a were tested on a mammalian cell line [MDBK (Madin Darby bovine kidney epithelium)] with values of 30, 24 and 25 μM respectively. © 2009 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	Isoprenyl; Pentacycloundecane; SQ109; XDR-tuberculosis (TB)	2 (aminomethyl)pyridine pentacyclo undecane; 5 nitrofuran 2 carbonyl homopiperazine pentacyclo undecane; 5 nitrofuran 2 carbonyl piperazine pentacyclo undecane; c10 piperazine pentacyclo undecane; c15 piperazine pentacyclo undecane; c20 piperazine pentacyclo undecane; ethambutol; n benzoyl piperazine pentacyclo undecane; n benzyl ethanolamine pentacyclo undecane; n benzyl homopiperazine pentacyclo undecane; n benzyl piperazine pentacyclo undecane; n farnesyl piperazine pentacyclo undecane; n geranyl piperazine pentacyclo undecane; pentacyclo undecane dihomopiperazine; pentacyclo undecane dipiperazine; tuberculostatic agent; unclassified drug; animal cell; article; broth dilution; controlled study; drug synthesis; IC 50; minimum inhibitory concentration; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nonhuman; Alkanes; Animals; Antitubercular Agents; Cattle; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Structure; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Prenylation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77949488600	Synthesis and evaluation of SQ109 analogues as potential anti-tuberculosis candidates	Onajole O.K., Govender P., Helden P.D.v., Kruger H.G., Maguire G.E.M., Wiid I., Govender T.	2010	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	45	5	10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.01.046	School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; School of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa; School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Onajole, O.K., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Govender, P., School of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Helden, P.D.v., Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa; Kruger, H.G., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Maguire, G.E.M., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Wiid, I., Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa; Govender, T., School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	As part of an ongoing project to develop highly potent anti-tuberculosis therapeutics, six SQ109 derivatives were synthesized and screened in vitro for their anti-tuberculosis activity against the ATCC strain H37Rv and the extensively drug-resistant clinical strain XDR 173. Compound 16 with an extended alkene chain was the most active against both strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within a MIC range of 0.5-0.25 μM. Compound 12 and SQ109 were potent within a MIC range of 1-0.5 μM, whilst compound 18 displayed an activity within the MIC range of 0.5-2 μM against both Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. © 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	1,2 Cage diamine; Anti-tuberculosis (TB); SQ109; XDR	n (2 adamantyl) n' geranylethylenediamine; n (3,7 dimethyloctyl) n' (1 adamantyl)ethane 1,2 diamine; n (3,7 dimethyloctyl) n' (2 adamantyl)ethane 1,2 diamine; n (3,7,11 trimethyldodecyl) n' (2 adamantyl)ethane 1,2 diamine; n farnesyl n' (2 adamantyl)ethane 1,2 diamine; n geranyl n' (1 adamantyl)ethane 1,2 diamine; tuberculostatic agent; unclassified drug; antimicrobial activity; article; bacterial strain; drug potency; drug resistant tuberculosis; drug screening; drug structure; drug synthesis; in vitro study; minimum inhibitory concentration; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nonhuman; structure activity relation; Adamantane; Antitubercular Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethylenediamines; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Structure; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Stereoisomerism	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957845582	Synthesis and anti-prion activity evaluation of aminoquinoline analogues	MacEdo B., Kaschula C.H., Hunter R., Chaves J.A.P., Van Der Merwe J.D., Silva J.L., Egan T.J., Cordeiro Y.	2010	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	45	11	10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.07.054	Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil	MacEdo, B., Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; Kaschula, C.H., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Hunter, R., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Chaves, J.A.P., Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; Van Der Merwe, J.D., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Silva, J.L., Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil; Egan, T.J., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Cordeiro, Y., Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil	Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies form a group of neurodegenerative diseases that affect humans and other mammals. They occur when the native prion protein is converted into an infectious isoform, the scrapie PrP, which aggregates, leading to neurodegeneration. Although several compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit this conversion, there is no effective therapy for such diseases. Previous studies have shown that antimalarial compounds, such as quinolines, possess anti-scrapie activity. Here, we report the synthesis and evaluate the effect of aminoquinoline derivatives on the aggregation of a prion peptide. Our results show that 4-amino-7-chloroquinoline and N-(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)-1,2-ethanediamine inhibit the aggregation significantly. Therefore, such aminoquinolines might be considered as candidates for the further development of therapeutics to prevent the development of prion diseases. © 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	Aggregation; Antimalarials; Inhibitor; Neurodegeneration; Prion; Quinoline	2 (7 chloro 4 quinolinyl) aminoethanol; 4 (cyclopentylamino) 7 chloro quinoline; 4 amino 7 chloroquinoline; 7 chloro 4 methylaminoquinoline; aminoquinoline derivative; n (7 chloro 4 quinolinyl) 1,2 ethanediamine; n 2 (7 chloro 4 quinolinyl) n 1,n 1 dimethyl 1,2 ethanediamine; n 2 (7 trifluoromethylthio 4 quinolinyl) n 1,n 1 diethyl 1,2 ethanediamine; prion protein; unclassified drug; animal experiment; anisotropy; article; clinical evaluation; drug synthesis; hamster; light scattering; nerve degeneration; nonhuman; protein aggregation; Aminoquinolines; Antiviral Agents; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mass Spectrometry; Prions	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955583128	Expeditious synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 2,N 6-disubstituted 1,2-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine-4,6-diamines as potential antimalarials	Gravestock D., Rousseau A.L., Lourens A.C.U., Moleele S.S., Van Zyl R.L., Steenkamp P.A.	2011	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	46	6	10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.02.054	Discovery Chemistry, CSIR Biosciences, Private Bag X2, Modderfontein 1645, Johannesburg, South Africa; Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa; Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa; Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	Gravestock, D., Discovery Chemistry, CSIR Biosciences, Private Bag X2, Modderfontein 1645, Johannesburg, South Africa; Rousseau, A.L., Discovery Chemistry, CSIR Biosciences, Private Bag X2, Modderfontein 1645, Johannesburg, South Africa, Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa; Lourens, A.C.U., Discovery Chemistry, CSIR Biosciences, Private Bag X2, Modderfontein 1645, Johannesburg, South Africa, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Moleele, S.S., Discovery Chemistry, CSIR Biosciences, Private Bag X2, Modderfontein 1645, Johannesburg, South Africa; Van Zyl, R.L., Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa; Steenkamp, P.A., Discovery Chemistry, CSIR Biosciences, Private Bag X2, Modderfontein 1645, Johannesburg, South Africa, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa	A small set of novel 2,N6-disubstituted 1,2-dihydro-1,3,5- triazine-4,6-diamines was prepared possessing a flexible tether between the exocyclic nitrogen bonded to C-6 of the 1,2-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine-4,6-diamine heterocycle and the distal aryl ring. Three zones were varied in this series of compounds, namely the nature of the substituent(s) on C-2; the nature of the substituent(s) on the distal aryl ring; as well as the nature and length of the flexible tether between the rings. The compound showing the best antimalarial activity (cycloguanil-resistant FCR-3 Plasmodium falciparum IC50 = 0.99 μM) was N6-(3-(4-chlorophenoxy)propyl)-2-(furan-2-yl)-1,2- dihydro-1,3,5-triazine-4,6-diamine hydrochloride. © 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS.	2,N6-Disubstituted 1,2-dihydro-1,3,5- triazine-4,6-diamine; Antimalarial; Biguanide; Cycloguanil; FCR-3 Plasmodium falciparum strain	2 phenyl n 6 (3 (2,4,6 trichlorophenoxy)propyl) 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; 4,6 diamino 1,2 dihydro 2,2 dimethyl 1 [3 (2,4,5 trichlorophenoxy)propoxy] 1,3,5 triazine; antimalarial agent; cycloguanil; diamine derivative; n 4 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 1,3,5 triazaspiro[5.5]undeca 1,3 diene 2,4 diamine; n 4 benzyl 1,3,5 triazaspiro[5.5]undeca 1,3 diene 2,4 diamine; n 6 (3 (2 fluorophenoxy)propyl) 2 phenyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (2,4 dichlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 phenyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (3,4 dichlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 phenyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 (2 chlorophenyl) 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 (4 (dimethylaminol)phenyl) 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 (4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl) 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 (4 fluorophenyl)1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 (4 methoxyphenyl) 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 (4 nitrophenyl) 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 (furan 2 yl) 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 cyclohexyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 phenyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2,2 dimethyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenylthio)propyl) 2 phenyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenylthio)propyl) 2,2 dimethyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 methoxyphenoxy)propyl) 2 phenyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 nitrrophenoxy)propyl) 2 phenyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3,4 dichlorophenethyl) 2 (4 fluorophenyl) 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3,4 dichlorophenethyl) 2 (4 nitrophenyl) 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (4 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 phenyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (4 chlorophenethyl) 2,2 dimethyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (5 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 phenyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 benzyl 2,2 dimethyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; unclassified drug; antimalarial activity; article; binding site; drug synthesis; erythrocyte; hemolysis; IC 50; nonhuman; Plasmodium falciparum; substitution reaction; Antimalarials; Molecular Structure; Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; Plasmodium falciparum; Stereoisomerism; Structure-Activity Relationship; Triazines	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955599161	Facile transformation of Biginelli pyrimidin-2(1H)-ones to pyrimidines. In vitro evaluation as inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and modulators of cytostatic activity	Singh K., Singh K., Wan B., Franzblau S., Chibale K., Balzarini J.	2011	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	46	6	10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.03.010	Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemical Sciences and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India; Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612-723, United States; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 10 Minderbroedersstraat, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium	Singh, K., Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemical Sciences and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India; Singh, K., Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemical Sciences and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India; Wan, B., Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612-723, United States; Franzblau, S., Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612-723, United States; Chibale, K., Department of Chemistry, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Balzarini, J., Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 10 Minderbroedersstraat, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium	A series of pyrimidine derivatives bearing amine substituents at C-2 position were obtained from Biginelli 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones and the effect of structural variation on anti-TB activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain and antiviral activity in a series of cell cultures was evaluated. While the compounds were found to possess structure dependent cytostatic activity, these were not found to be efficient inhibitors of M. tuberculosis nor did they inhibit a broad variety of DNA or RNA viruses in cell culture. © 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS.	Biginelli compounds; Cytostatic activity; Inhibitors; MABA; Pyrimidines; Tuberculosis	2 (2 hydroxyphenylamino) 4 methyl 6 phenylpyrimidine 5 carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 2 (3 aminophenylamino) 4 methyl 6 phenylpyrimidine 5 carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 2 (3 hydroxypropylamino) 4 methyl 6 phenylpyrimidine 5 carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 2 (4 hydroxyphenylamino) 4 methyl 6 phenylpyrimidine 5 carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 2 (piperidin 1 yl) 4 methyl 6 phenylpyrimidine 5 carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 2 [2 (1h indol 3 yl) ethylamino] 4 methyl 6 phenylpyrimidine 5 carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 2 amino 4 methyl 6 phenylpyrimidine 5 carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 2 amino 4 methylpyrimidine 5 carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 2 benzylamino 4 methyl 6 phenylpyrimidine 5 carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 2 benzylamino 4 methylpyrimidine 5 carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 2 butylamino 4 methyl 6 phenylpyrimidine 5 carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 2 ethoxy 4 methyl 6 phenylpyrimidine 5 carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 2 isopropylamino 4 methyl 6 phenylpyrimidine 5 carboxylic acid ethyl ester; 2 morpholino 4 methyl 6 phenylpyrimidine 5 carboxylic acid ethyl ester; pyrimidine derivative; pyrimidinone derivative; unclassified drug; animal cell; antiviral activity; article; bacterial strain; Biginelli reaction; cell culture; cell proliferation; controlled study; cytostasis; drug structure; drug synthesis; human; human cell; in vitro study; minimum inhibitory concentration; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nonhuman; tuberculosis; Animals; Antitubercular Agents; Cell Proliferation; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Hela Cells; Humans; Mice; Molecular Structure; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Pyrimidines; Stereoisomerism; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tumor Cells, Cultured	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860390424	Synthesis, evaluation and application of polycyclic fluorescent analogues as N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor and voltage gated calcium channel ligands	Joubert J., Dyk S.V., Green I.R., Malan S.F.	2011	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	46	10	10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.08.008	Pharmaceutical Chemistry, North-West University, Private Bag 6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa	Joubert, J., Pharmaceutical Chemistry, North-West University, Private Bag 6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Dyk, S.V., Pharmaceutical Chemistry, North-West University, Private Bag 6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Green, I.R., Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Malan, S.F., Pharmaceutical Chemistry, North-West University, Private Bag 6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa	A series of polycyclic fluorescent ligands were synthesised and evaluated in murine striatal synaptoneurosomes for N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) mediated calcium flux inhibition and inhibition of calcium influx through voltage gated calcium channels (VGCC). Amantadine (a) and N-(1-adamantyl)-1,3- propanediamine (c) substituted with 1-cyanoisoindole (3), indazole (5), dinitrobenzene (7, 8), dansyl (9, 10) and coumarin (11) moieties showed moderate to high inhibition of the NMDAR. A high degree of VGCC inhibition was observed for the cyanoisoindole compounds (3, 4) the dansyl compounds (9, 10) and the coumarin compound (12). Fluorophores conjugated to hydroxy-4-aza-8- oxoheptacyclotetradecane (13, 14) did not exhibit any significant VGCC inhibition, but the indazole conjugate (14) showed promising NMDAR activity. Dose response curves were calculated for selected NMDAR inhibitors (8-11) and N-[3-(1-adamantylamino)propyl]-5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonamide (10) exhibited the highest activity of the novel compounds. Compound 10 was further used as a fluorescent NMDAR ligand in a fluorescent competition assay utilizing MK-801, NGP1-01 and amantadine as known NMDAR inhibitors to demonstrate the possible applications of the novel fluorescent compounds. These small molecule fluorescent ligands can be considered as possible pharmacological tools in assay development and/or other investigations in the study of neurodegeneration. © 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	Amantadine; Calcium channels; Fluorescent ligands; NMDAR; Polycyclic	2 [3 (1 adamantylamino)propyl]isoindole 1 carbonitrile; 3 (1 adamantylamino)propionitrile; 3 [4 aza 8 oxo heptacyclo [0.4.1.0 2,10 .0 3,14 .0 4,9 . 09,13 .0 12,15]tetradecyl] 2 (methylamino)benzoate; 3 [4 Aza 8 oxo heptacyclo[0.4.1.0 2,10 .0 3,14 .0 4,9 . 09,13 .0 12,15]tetradecyl] 1h indazole 3 carboxylate; 3 hydroxy 4 aza 8 oxo heptacyclo[9.4.1.0 2,10 .0 3,14 .0 4,9 .0 12,15]tetradecane; amantadine derivative; dizocilpine; fluorescent dye; n (1 adamantyl) 1,3 propanediamine; n (1 adamantyl) 2 oxo chromene 3 carboxamide; n (1 cyano 2h isoindol 2 yl)adamantan 1 amine; n (2,4 dinitrophenyl)adamantan 1 amine; n (adamantan 1 yl) n' (2,4 dinitrophenyl)propane 1,3 diamiane; n [3 (1 adamantylamino)propyl] 1h indazole 3 carboxamide; n [3 (1 adamantylamino)propyl] 2 methylaminobenzamide; n [3 (1 adamantylamino)propyl] 5 dimethylaminonaphthalene 1 sulfonamide; n adamantan 1 yl 1h indazole 3 carboxamide; n adamantan 1 yl 2 (methylamino) benzamide; n adamantan 1 yl 5 dimethyl amino 1 naphthalenesulfonic acid; n methyl dextro aspartic acid receptor; unclassified drug; voltage gated calcium channel; animal cell; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; binding affinity; binding competition; brain synaptosome; calcium transport; concentration response; controlled study; drug binding site; drug receptor binding; drug screening; drug synthesis; fluorescence analysis; male; nonhuman; rat; receptor affinity; Amantadine; Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels; Fluorescent Dyes; Ligands; Male; Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Synaptosomes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855999356	Structure-based design, synthesis and biological evaluation of N-pyrazole, N′-thiazole urea inhibitors of MAP kinase p38α	Getlik M., Grütter C., Simard J.R., Nguyen H.D., Robubi A., Aust B., Van Otterlo W.A.L., Rauh D.	2012	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	48	None	10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.11.019	Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany; Fakultät Chemie, Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany; Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Chemistry and Polymer Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa	Getlik, M., Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany; Grütter, C., Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany, Fakultät Chemie, Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany; Simard, J.R., Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany; Nguyen, H.D., Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany; Robubi, A., Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany; Aust, B., Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany; Van Otterlo, W.A.L., Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Department of Chemistry and Polymer Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; Rauh, D., Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany, Fakultät Chemie, Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany	In this paper, we present the structure-based design, synthesis and biological activity of N-pyrazole, N′-thiazole-ureas as potent inhibitors of p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38α MAPK). Guided by complex crystal structures, we employed the initially identified N-aryl, N′-thiazole urea scaffold and introduced key structural elements that allowed the formation of novel hydrogen bonding interactions within the allosteric site of p38α, resulting in potent type III inhibitors. [4-(3-tert-Butyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-2-ylamino)carbonyl]amino}-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) -phenyl]acetic acid 18c was found to be the most potent compound within this series and inhibited p38α activity with an IC 50 of 135 ± 21 nM. Its closest analog, ethyl [4-(3-tert-butyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-2-ylamino) carbonyl]amino}-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl]acetate 18b, effectively inhibited p38α mediated phosphorylation of the mitogen activated protein kinase activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) in HeLa cells. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	DFG-out; Kinase inhibitors; p38α MAPK	[3 [5 [[[[4 [2 (benzyloxy)ethyl] 1,3 thiazol 2 yl]amino]carbonyl]amino] 3 cyclopentyl 1h pyrazol 1 yl]phenyl]acetic acid; [3 [5 [[[[4 [2 (benzyloxy)ethyl] 1,3 thiazol 2 yl]amino]carbonyl]amino] 3 cyclopropyl 1h pyrazol 1 yl]phenyl]acetic acid; [3 [5 [[[[4 [2 (benzyloxy)ethyl] 1,3 thiazol 2 yl]amino]carbonyl]amino] 3 tert butyl 1h pyrazol 1 yl]phenyl]acetic acid; [4 [3 tert butyl 5 [[(1,3 thiazol 2 ylamino)carbonyl]amino] 1h pyrazol 1 yl]phenyl]acetate; [4 [3 tert butyl 5 [[(1,3 thiazol 2 ylamino)carbonyl]amino] 1h pyrazol 1 yl]phenyl]acetic acid; [4 [5 [[[[4 [2 (benzyloxy)ethyl] 1,3 thiazol 2 yl]amino]carbonyl]amino] 3 cyclopentyl 1h pyrazol 1 yl]phenyl]acetic acid; [4 [5 [[[[4 [2 (benzyloxy)ethyl] 1,3 thiazol 2 yl]amino]carbonyl]amino] 3 tert butyl 1h pyrazol 1 yl]phenyl]acetic acid; ethyl [4 [3 tert butyl 5 [[(1,3 thiazol 2 ylamino)carbonyl]amino] 1h pyrazol 1 yl]phenyl]acetate; mitogen activated protein kinase 14; mitogen activated protein kinase p38 inhibitor; n [3 tert butyl 1 (4 methylphenyl) 1h pyrazol 5 yl] n' (1,3 thiazol 2 yl)urea; n [3 tert butyl 1 (4 methylphenyl) 1h pyrazol 5 yl] n' [4 [2 (4 pyridinylmethoxy)ethyl] 1,3 thiazol 2 yl]urea; n [3 tert butyl 1 (4 methylphenyl) 1h pyrazol 5 yl] n' [4 [2 [(4 fluorobenzyl)oxy]ethyl] 1,3 thiazol 2 yl]urea; n [4 [2 (benzyloxy)ethyl] 1,3 thiazol 2 yl] 3 fluoro 5 (4 morpholinyl)benzamide; n [4 [2 (benzyloxy)ethyl] 1,3 thiazol 2 yl] n' [3 tert butyl 1 (4 methylphenyl) 1h pyrazol 5 yl]urea; n [4 [2 (benzyloxy)ethyl] 1,3 thiazol 2 yl] n' [4 chloro 3 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; pyrazole derivative; tert butyl 4 (2 hydroxyethyl) 1,3 thiazol 2 ylcarbamate; tert butyl 4 [2 (4 pyridinylmethoxy)ethyl] 1,3 thiazol 2 ylcarbamate; tert butyl 4 [2 (benzyloxy)ethyl] 1,3 thiazol 2 ylcarbamate; tert butyl 4 [2 [(4 fluorobenzyl)oxy]ethyl] 1,3 thiazol 2 ylcarbamate; thiazole derivative; unclassified drug; urea derivative; article; biological activity; controlled study; crystal structure; drug design; drug potency; drug screening; drug structure; drug synthesis; enzyme phosphorylation; female; HeLa cell; human; human cell; pharmacological blocking; Humans; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 14; Models, Molecular; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Pyrazoles; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thiazoles; Urea; X-Ray Diffraction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867237053	The design, synthesis, in silico ADME profiling, antiplasmodial and antimycobacterial evaluation of new arylamino quinoline derivatives	Tukulula M., Little S., Gut J., Rosenthal P.J., Wan B., Franzblau S.G., Chibale K.	2012	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	57	None	10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.08.047	Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of San Francisco, CA 94143, United States; Institute of Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612-7231, United States; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Tukulula, M., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Little, S., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Gut, J., Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of San Francisco, CA 94143, United States; Rosenthal, P.J., Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of San Francisco, CA 94143, United States; Wan, B., Institute of Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612-7231, United States; Franzblau, S.G., Institute of Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612-7231, United States; Chibale, K., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	A series of new arylamino quinoline derivatives was designed based on the quinine and mefloquine scaffolds and evaluated in vitro for antiplasmodial and antimycobacterial activities. A number of these compounds exhibited significant activity against the drug-sensitive 3D7 and drug-resistant K1 strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Furthermore, two compounds, 4.12b and 4.12d, also showed 94 and 98% growth inhibitory activity against non-replicating and replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, respectively. © 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	Antimycobacterial; Antiplasmodial; Arylamino quinoline tetrazoles; Physico-chemical properties	4 [(1 tert butyl 1h tetrazol 5 yl)(piperidin 1 yl)methyl] 6 methoxyquinoline; antimalarial agent; n [(1 tert butyl 1h tetrazol 5 yl)(6 methoxyquinolin 4 yl)methyl] n ethylethanamine; quinoline derivative; tuberculostatic agent; unclassified drug; antibacterial activity; antiprotozoal activity; article; computer model; drug absorption; drug design; drug distribution; drug excretion; drug metabolism; drug structure; drug synthesis; electrospray mass spectrometry; growth inhibition; in vitro study; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nonhuman; physical chemistry; Plasmodium falciparum; Aminoquinolines; Antiprotozoal Agents; Antitubercular Agents; Biological Assay; Blood-Brain Barrier; Computer Simulation; Drug Design; Erythrocytes; Humans; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Mefloquine; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Models, Biological; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Plasmodium falciparum; Quinine; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tetrazoles	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84869142384	β-Lactam synthon-interceded diastereoselective synthesis of functionalized octahydroindole-based molecular scaffolds and their in vitro cytotoxic evaluation	Singh P., Raj R., Bhargava G., Hendricks D.T., Handa S., Slaughter L.M., Kumar V.	2012	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	58	None	10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.10.049	Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India; Department of Chemistry, Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala 144601, India; Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States	Singh, P., Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India; Raj, R., Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India; Bhargava, G., Department of Chemistry, Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala 144601, India; Hendricks, D.T., Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Handa, S., Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States; Slaughter, L.M., Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States; Kumar, V., Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India	A convenient and unprecedented synthesis of functionally enriched octahydroindole-based scaffolds has been developed via inter- and intra-molecular amidolysis of C-3 functionalized β-lactams. The cytotoxic evaluation on oesophageal cancer cell line WHCO1 has revealed 7d as the most potent of the test compounds exhibiting an IC50 value of 12.97 μM. The developed strategy further assumes significance as it entails the preparation of highly functionalized indoles without the aid of transition metal catalysis or pre-functionalization of substrates. © 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	β-Lactam synthon protocol; Cytotoxicity; Diastereoselectivity; Iodocyclization; Octahydroindoles	1 ( 4 chlorophenyl) 7 iodo 2 ( 4 methoxyphenyl)octahydroindole 3,4 dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester; 1 ( 4 chlorophenyl) 7 iodo 2 phenyloctahydroindole 3,4 dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester; 1,2 bis( 4 chlorophenyl) 7 iodooctahydroindole 3,4 dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester; 2 ( 4 chlorophenyl) 7 iodo 1 phenyloctahydroindole 3,4 dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester; 7 iodo 1,2 diphenyloctahydroindole 3,4 dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester; 7 iodo 2 ( 4 methoxyphenyl) 1 phenyloctahydroindole 3,4 dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester; 7 iodo 2 ( 4 methoxyphenyl) 1,4 tolyloctahydroindole 3,4 dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester; 7 iodo 2 phenyl 1,4 tolyloctahydroindole 3,4 dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester; antineoplastic agent; beta lactam derivative; indole derivative; metal; molecular scaffold; octahydroindole; octahydropyrrolo[4,3,2 de]isoquinoline 3,5 dione; synthon; unclassified drug; antineoplastic activity; article; cancer cell culture; catalysis; controlled study; cytotoxicity; diastereoisomer; drug potency; esophagus cancer; human; human cell; IC 50; in vitro study; one pot synthesis; phase transition; stereochemistry; Antineoplastic Agents; beta-Lactams; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Crystallography, X-Ray; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Indoles; Models, Molecular; Molecular Conformation; Stereoisomerism; Structure-Activity Relationship	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874159362	Azide-alkyne cycloaddition en route to 1H-1,2,3-triazole-tethered 7-chloroquinoline-isatin chimeras: Synthesis and antimalarial evaluation	Raj R., Singh P., Singh P., Gut J., Rosenthal P.J., Kumar V.	2013	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	62	None	10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.01.032	Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India; Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States	Raj, R., Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India; Singh, P., Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India; Singh, P., Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa; Gut, J., Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Rosenthal, P.J., Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Kumar, V., Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India	We describe the synthesis and antimalarial activities of 1H-1,2,3-triazole tethered 7-chloroquinoline-isatin hybrids. Activity against cultured parasites was dependent on the C-5 substituent of the isatin ring as well as the alkyl chain length between the isatin and 7-chloroquinoline moieties. Compound 8h, with an optimum alkyl chain length (n = 3) and a chloro substituent at the C-5 position of the isatin ring, displayed the best activity among the test compounds, with IC50 value of 1.21 μM against cultured W2-strain Plasmodium falciparum. © 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	1H-1,2,3-triazole; 7-Chloroquinoline-isatin conjugates; Antimalarial evaluation; Structure-activity relationship	1 [1 (7 chloro quinolin 4 yl) 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 1h indole 2,3 dione; 1 [1 (7 chloro quinolin 4 yl) 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 5 fluoro 1h indole 2,3 dione; 1 [1 (7 chloro quinolin 4 yl) 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 5 methyl 1h indole 2,3 dione; 1 [1 [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] 1h [1,2,3] triazol 4 ylmethyl] 5 methyl 1h indole 2,3 dione; 1 [1 [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 1h indole 2,3 dione; 1 [1 [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl} 5 fluoro 1h indole 2,3 dione; 1 [1 [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] 1h [1,2,3] triazol 4 ylmethyl] 5 fluoro 1h indole 2,3 dione; 1 [1 [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 1h indole 2,3 dione; 1 [1 [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 5 methyl 1h indole 2,3 dione; 5 bromo 1 [1 [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 1h indole 2,3 dione; 5 bromo 1 [1 [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 1h indole 2,3 dione; 5 bromo1 [1 (7 chloro quinolin 4 yl) 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 1h indole 2,3 dione; 5 chloro 1 [1 (7 chloro quinolin 4 yl) 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 1h indole 2,3 dione; 5 chloro 1 [1 [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 1h indole 2,3 dione; 5 chloro 1 [1 [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino)propyl] 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 1h indole 2,3 dione; alkyne derivative; antimalarial agent; azide; unclassified drug; antimalarial activity; article; chimera; cycloaddition; IC 50; nonhuman; Plasmodium falciparum; Alkynes; Aminoquinolines; Antimalarials; Azides; Cyclization; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Isatin; Molecular Structure; Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; Plasmodium falciparum; Structure-Activity Relationship	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883446453	Synthesis, characterization, antiparasitic and cytotoxic evaluation of thioureas conjugated to polyamine scaffolds	Stringer T., Taylor D., De Kock C., Guzgay H., Au A., An S.H., Sanchez B., O'Connor R., Patel N., Land K.M., Smith P.J., Hendricks D.T., Egan T.J., Smith G.S.	2013	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	69	None	10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.08.004	Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Division of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town Medical School, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, United States	Stringer, T., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Taylor, D., Division of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town Medical School, Observatory 7925, South Africa; De Kock, C., Division of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town Medical School, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Guzgay, H., Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Au, A., Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, United States; An, S.H., Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, United States; Sanchez, B., Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, United States; O'Connor, R., Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, United States; Patel, N., Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, United States; Land, K.M., Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, United States; Smith, P.J., Division of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town Medical School, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Hendricks, D.T., Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Egan, T.J., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Smith, G.S., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	A series of mono- and multimeric 4-amino-7-chloroquinoline and ferrocenyl thioureas have been prepared by the reaction of a 7-chloroquinoline methyl ester and a ferrocenylimine methyl ester with various amines. These compounds were characterized using standard spectroscopic and analytical techniques. The compounds were evaluated against the NF54 (CQ-sensitive) and Dd2 (CQ-resistant) strains of Plasmodiumfalciparum. The quinoline compounds show enhanced activity compared to the ferrocene compounds against this parasite. Compound 5 displays the most promising activity against the NF54 strain. Compounds 5 and 6 are effective at inhibiting β-hematin formation perhaps due to an increased number of quinoline moieties. The trimeric (12) and tetrameric (13) ferrocenyl compounds also inhibit β-hematin formation, albeit to a lesser degree compared to the quinoline thioureas. The compounds were also screened against the G3 strain of Trichomonasvaginalis and here the ferrocene-containing compounds show a slightly higher parasite growth inhibition compared to the quinoline thioureas. The quinoline compounds were also found to be more cytotoxic compared to the ferrocenyl compounds. Compound 6 displays good cytotoxicity against WHCO1 oesophageal cancer cells. © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	β-Hematin inhibition; Antiparasitic activity; Antitumor activity; Ferrocene; Polyamines; Quinoline; Thioureas	antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal agent; beta hematin; chloroquine; cisplatin; ferrocene; hematin; metronidazole; polyamine; quinoline derivative; thiourea derivative; unclassified drug; antineoplastic activity; antiprotozoal activity; article; cell viability; drug analysis; drug conjugation; drug synthesis; growth inhibition; human; human cell; IC 50; in vitro study; lipophilicity; nonhuman; Plasmodium falciparum; Trichomonas vaginalis; Antiparasitic activity; Antitumor activity; Ferrocene; Polyamines; Quinoline; Thioureas; β-Hematin inhibition; Antiparasitic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cytotoxins; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Molecular Structure; Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; Plasmodium falciparum; Polyamines; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thiourea; Trichomonas vaginalis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888154310	Urea/oxalamide tethered β-lactam-7-chloroquinoline conjugates: Synthesis and in vitro antimalarial evaluation	Singh P., Raj R., Singh P., Gut J., Rosenthal P.J., Kumar V.	2014	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	71	None	10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.10.079	Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States	Singh, P., Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; Raj, R., Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; Singh, P., Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa; Gut, J., Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Rosenthal, P.J., Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Kumar, V., Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India	The manuscript pertains to the synthesis of urea/oxalamide tethered β-lactam-7-chloroquinoline conjugates with well modulated chain lengths and their antimalarial evaluation. The results reveal the dependence of activity profiles on the N-1 substituent of the β-lactam ring, the nature of the linker as well as the length of the alkyl chain. The most potent of the tested compounds showed an IC50 of 34.97 nM against chloroquine resistant W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum. © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	Antimalarial evaluation; beta;-Lactam-7-chloroquinoline conjugates; Structure-activity relationship; Urea/oxalamide linker	(1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) carbamic acid ethyl ester; (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 p tolyl azetidin 3 yl) carbamic acid ethyl ester; 1 [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] 3 (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] 3 (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 p tolyl azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] 3 (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] 3 (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 p tolyl azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [4 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) butyl] 3 (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [4 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) butyl] 3 (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 p tolyl azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [6 ( 7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) hexyl] 3 (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 p tolyl azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [6 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) hexyl] 3 (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) urea; artemisinin; bleomycin; chloroquine; deethylamodiaquine; doxorubicin; n (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) oxalamic acid ethyl ester; n (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 p tolyl azetidin 3 yl) oxalamic acid ethyl ester; n [1 (4 chloro phenyl) 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl] n' [4 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) butyl] oxalamide; n [1 (4 chloro phenyl) 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl] oxalamic acid ethyl ester; n [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] n' (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl oxalamide; n [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] n' (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 p tolyl azetidin 3 yl) oxalamide; n [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] n' (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4-styry azetidin 3 oxalimide; n [4 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) butyl] n' (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetiidn 3 oxalamide; n [6 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) hexyl] n' (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 oxalamide; n[1 (4 chloro phenyl) 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl] n' [6 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) hexyl] oxalamide; n[3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] n' (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 p tolyl azetidin 3 yl) oxalamide; quinine; quinoline derivative; unclassified drug; urea derivative; (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) carbamic acid ethyl ester; (2 oxo 4) styryl 1 4 tolyl azetidin 3 yl) carbamic acid ethyl ester; 1 [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] 3 (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] 3 (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 4 azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] 3 (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] 3 (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 4 azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [4 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) butyl] 3 (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [4 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) butyl] 3 (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 4 azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [6 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) hexyl] 3 (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [6 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) hexyl] 3 (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 4 azetidin 3 yl) urea; antimalarial agent; artemisinin; beta lactam 7 chloroquinoline derivative; chloroquine; deethylamodiaquine; n (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) oxalamic acid ethyl ester; n (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 4 tolyl azetidin 3 yl) oxalamic acid ethyl ester; n [1 (4 chloro phenyl) 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl] n' [4 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) butyl] oxalamide; n [1 (4 chloro phenyl) 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl] n' [6 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) hexyl] oxalamide; n [1 (4 chloro phenyl) 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl] oxalamic acid ethyl ester; n [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] n' (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) oxalamide; n [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] n' (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 4 tolyl azetidin 3 yl) oxalamide; n [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] n' (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) oxalamide; n [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] n' (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 4 tolyl azetidin 3 yl) oxalamide; n [4 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) butyl] n' (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) oxalamide; n [6 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) hexyl] n' (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) oxalamide; oxalamide; quinine; urea; antimalarial activity; article; controlled study; drug conjugation; drug synthesis; human; human cell; IC 50; in vitro study; melting point; Plasmodium falciparum; proton nuclear magnetic resonance; thin layer chromatography; antimalarial drug resistance; Article; cytotoxicity; female; HeLa cell line; hydrogen bond; IC50; nonhuman; Antimalarial evaluation; Structure-activity relationship; Urea/oxalamide linker; β-Lactam-7-chloroquinoline conjugates; Antimalarials; beta-Lactams; Chloroquine; Humans; Malaria, Falciparum; Oxamic Acid; Plasmodium falciparum; Structure-Activity Relationship; Urea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84906538667	Design, synthesis and evaluation of Ospemifene analogs as anti-breast cancer agents	Kaur G., Mahajan M.P., Pandey M.K., Singh P., Ramisetti S.R., Sharma A.K.	2014	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	86	None	10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.08.050	School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Apeejay Stya University, Institutional Area, Gurgaon 122001, India; Apeejay Stya Research Foundation, Institutional Area, Gurgaon 122001, India; Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, CH72 Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, United States; School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal (UKZN), Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa	Kaur, G., School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Apeejay Stya University, Institutional Area, Gurgaon 122001, India; Mahajan, M.P., School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Apeejay Stya University, Institutional Area, Gurgaon 122001, India, Apeejay Stya Research Foundation, Institutional Area, Gurgaon 122001, India; Pandey, M.K., Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, CH72 Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, United States; Singh, P., School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal (UKZN), Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa; Ramisetti, S.R., Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, CH72 Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, United States; Sharma, A.K., Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, CH72 Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, United States	The synthesis of some novel Ospemifene derived analogs and their evaluation as anti-breast cancer agents against MCF-7 (ER-positive) and MDA-MB-231 (ER-negative) human breast cancer cell lines are described. Few of these analogs for instance, compounds 6, 7 and 8 are shown to be more effective than recent Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) i.e. Ospemifene and Tamoxifen, against these cell lines. Compound 8 was relatively more cytotoxic to MCF-7 cells similar to Ospemifene and Tamoxifen, while most potent compounds 6 and 7 were equally effective in inhibiting growth of both ER-positive and ER-negative cell lines. The observed activity profiles were further supported by the docking studies performed against estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ). Compounds 6, 7 and 8 exhibited stronger binding affinities with both ERα and ERβ compared to Ospemifene and Tamoxifen. © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	Anti-breast cancer agents; Docking studies; Ospemifene; SERMs; Tamoxifen	2 [ 4 ( 4 amino 1,2 diphenylbut 1 enyl)phenoxy]ethanol; 2 [ 4 ( 4 azido 1,2 diphenylbut 1 enyl)phenoxy]ethanol; 4 [ 4 ( 2 aminoethoxy)phenyl] 3,4 diphenylbut 3 en 1 amine; antineoplastic agent; estrogen receptor; estrogen receptor alpha; estrogen receptor beta; hormone receptor stimulating agent; ospemifene; ospemifene derivative; phenyl 4 [ 4 ( 2 hydroxyethoxy)phenyl] 3,4 diphenylbut 3 enylcarbamic acid; selective estrogen receptor modulator; tamoxifen; unclassified drug; 2 [4 (4 amino1,2 diphenylbut 1 enyl) phenoxy]ethanol; 2 [4 (4 azido 1,2 diphenylbut 1 enyl)phenoxy]ethanol; 2 [4 (4 chloro 1,2 diphenylbut 1 enyl) phenoxy]ethanol; 2 [4 (4 chloro 1,2 diphenylbut 1 enyl)phenoxy]ethyl methanesulfonate; 4 [4 (2 aminoethoxy)phenyl] 3,4 diphenylbut 3 en 1 amine; antineoplastic agent; ospemifene; ospemifene derivative; phenyl 4 [4 (2 hydroxyethoxy)phenyl] 3,4 diphenylbut 3 enylcarbamate; selective estrogen receptor modulator; tamoxifen; [1 [4 (2 azidoethoxy) phenyl] 4 chlorobut 1 ene 1,2 diyl]dibenzene; [4 azido 1 [4 (2 azidoethoxy)phenyl]but 1 ene 1,2 diyl]dibenzene; antineoplastic agent; ospemifene; antineoplastic activity; article; binding affinity; breast cancer cell line; cell viability; controlled study; cytotoxicity; drug design; drug potency; drug protein binding; drug synthesis; growth inhibition; human; human cell; IC 50; MCF 7 cell line; molecular docking; animal cell; antineoplastic activity; Article; breast cancer; cancer inhibition; concentration response; drug cytotoxicity; drug screening; drug selectivity; embryo; IC50; mouse; nonhuman; analogs and derivatives; Breast Neoplasms; cell proliferation; cell survival; chemical structure; chemistry; dose response; drug effects; drug screening; pathology; structure activity relation; synthesis; tumor cell culture; Antineoplastic Agents; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Design; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Humans; MCF-7 Cells; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tamoxifen; Tumor Cells, Cultured	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924292420	Design, synthesis and evaluation of small molecule imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles as inhibitors of transforming growth factor-β type-I receptor kinase (ALK5)	Patel H.M., Sing B., Bhardwaj V., Palkar M., Shaikh M.S., Rane R., Alwan W.S., Gadad A.K., Noolvi M.N., Karpoormath R.	2015	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	93	None	10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.002	Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ASBASJSM College of Pharmacy, Bela (Ropar), Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology, Bioinformatics and Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India; Faculty of Medical Sciences, EWMS Complex, Mt. Hope, University of the West Indies, West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shree Dhanvantary Pharmacy College, Kim (Surat), Gujarat, India	Patel, H.M., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Sing, B., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ASBASJSM College of Pharmacy, Bela (Ropar), Punjab, India; Bhardwaj, V., Department of Biotechnology, Bioinformatics and Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India; Palkar, M., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Shaikh, M.S., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Rane, R., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Alwan, W.S., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Gadad, A.K., Faculty of Medical Sciences, EWMS Complex, Mt. Hope, University of the West Indies, West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago; Noolvi, M.N., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shree Dhanvantary Pharmacy College, Kim (Surat), Gujarat, India; Karpoormath, R., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa	A new series of imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles 5(a-g), 6(a-g), 9(a-i) and 12(a-h) were synthesized as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) type I receptor (also known as activin receptor-like kinase 5 or ALK5) inhibitors. These compounds were evaluated for their ALK5 inhibitory activity in an enzyme assay and their TGF-β -induced Smad2/3 phosphorylation inhibitory activity in a cell-based assay. Compound 6d, 2-(5-((2-cyclopropyl-6-(4-fluorophenyl) imidazo [2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-5-yl)methylene)-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl) acetic acid, shows prominent ALK5 inhibition (IC50 Combining double low line 0.0012 μM) and elective inhibition (91%) against the P38αkinase at10 μM. The binding mode of compound 6d by XP docking studies shows that it fits well into the active site cavity of ALK5 by forming broad and tight interactions. Lipinski's rule and in silico ADME pharmacokinetic parameters are within the acceptable range defined for human use thereby indicating their potential as a drug-like molecules. © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	ALK5; Lipinski's rule; Synthesis imidazo [2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole; XP docking	2 (2 m tolylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazol 6 yl)phenol; 2 (2,4 dichlorophenyl) 6 phenylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazole; 2 (5 ((2 cyclopropyl 6 (2,4 dichlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiazol 5 yl)methylene) 4 oxo 2 thioxothiazolidin 3 yl)acetic acid; 2 (5 ((2 cyclopropyl 6 (2,4 dihydroxyphenyl)imidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazol 5 yl)methylene) 4 oxo 2 thioxothiazolidin 3 yl)acetic acid; 2 (5 ((2 cyclopropyl 6 phenylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazol 5 yl)methylene) 4 oxo 2 thioxothiazolidin 3 yl)acetic acid; 2 (5 ((6 (3 aminophenyl) 2 cyclopropylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazol 5 yl)methylene) 4 oxo 2 thioxothiazolidin 3 yl)acetic acid; 2 (5 ((6 (4 bromophenyl) 2 cyclopropylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazol 5 yl)methylene) 4 oxo 2 thioxothiazoldin 3 yl)acetic acid; 2 (5 ((6 (4 bromophenyl) 2 cyclopropylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazol 5 yl)methylene) 4 oxo 2 thioxothiazolidin 3 yl)acetic acid; 2 (5 ((6 (4 chlorophenyl) 2 cyclopropylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazol 5 yl)methylene) 4 oxo 2 thioxothiazolidin 3 yl)acetic acid; 2 cyclopropyl 6 (2,4 dichlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4] thiadiazole 5 carbaldehyde; 2 cyclopropyl 6 (2,4 dihydroxyphenyl)imidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4] thiadiazole 5 carbaldehyde; 2 cyclopropyl 6 (4 fluorophenyl)imidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazole 5 carbaldeyde; 2 cyclopropyl 6 phenylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazole 5 carbaldehyde; 3 (2 (2,4 dichlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazol 6 yl)aniline; 3 (2 m tolylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazol 6 yl)aniline; 4 (2 (2,4 dichlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazol 6 yl)benzene 1,3 diol; 4 (2 m tolylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazol 6 yl)aniline; 4 (2 m tolylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazol 6 yl)benzene 1,3 diol; 6 (2,4 dichlorophenyl) 2 m tolylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazole; 6 (3 aminophenyl) 2 cyclopropylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazole 5 carbaldehyde; 6 (4 bromophenyl) 2 (2,4 dichlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazole; 6 (4 bromophenyl) 2 cyclopropylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazole 5 carbaldeyde; 6 (4 bromophenyl) 2 m tolylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazole; 6 (4 chlorophenyl) 2 cyclopropylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazole 5 carbaldehyde; 6 (4 chlorophenyl) 2 m tolylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazole; 6 (4 methoxyphenyl) 2 m tolylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazole; 6 phenyl 2 m tolylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazole; thiadiazole derivative; transforming growth factor beta receptor 1; unclassified drug; unindexed drug; protein kinase inhibitor; protein serine threonine kinase; TGF-beta type I receptor; thiadiazole derivative; transforming growth factor beta receptor; Article; cell assay; computer model; drug design; drug inhibition; drug synthesis; IC50; protein phosphorylation; antagonists and inhibitors; CACO 2 cell line; chemical structure; chemistry; drug design; human; protein conformation; synthesis; Caco-2 Cells; Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; Drug Design; Humans; Models, Molecular; Protein Conformation; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; Thiadiazoles	National Research Foundation; National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84909983185	Synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of dihydroartemisinyl-chalcone esters	Smit F.J., Van Biljon R.A., Birkholtz L.-M., N'da D.D.	2014	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	90	None	10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.11.016	Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Smit, F.J., Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Van Biljon, R.A., Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Birkholtz, L.-M., Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; N'da, D.D., Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	A series of dihydroartemisinyl-chalcone esters were synthesized through esterification of chalcones with dihydroartemisinin (DHA). The hybrids were screened against chloroquine (CQ) sensitive (3D7) and CQ resistant (W2) strains of intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum parasites, and were all found to be active, with IC<inf>50</inf> values ranging between 1.5 and 11 nM against both strains, with SI values over 5800. The esters featuring oxygenated aryl rings (7, 10 and 11), were found to be equipotent to DHA, but were 2-3 times more active than artesunate against the 3D7 and W2 strains of the malaria parasites. They were also screened in vitro against a panel of three cancer cell lines consisting of TK-10, UACC-62 and MCF-7. Compound 7, bearing a furan ring, displayed the most potent overall antitumor activity against all three cancer cell lines. TGA revealed that the targeted hybrids were all thermally more stable than DHA, which may be beneficial to the high temperature storage conditions that prevail in malaria endemic countries. During this study, ester 7 was identified as the best candidate for further investigation as a potential drug in search for new, safe and effective antimalarial drugs. © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS.	Antitumor; Chalcone; Dihydroartemisinin; Malaria; Plasmodium falciparum	10 aplha dihydroartemisinyl 4 [(1e) 3 (5 methylfuran 2 yl) 3 oxoprop 1 en 1 yl]benzoate; 10 beta dihydroartemisinyl 4 [[(1e) 3 oxo 3 (2,3,4 trichlorophenyl)]prop 1 en yl]benzoate; 10 dihydroartemisinyl 4 [(1e) 3 oxo 3 phenylprop 1 en 1 yl]benzoate; 10 dihydroartemisinyl 4 [[(1e) 3 (2,4 dimethoxyphenyl)] 3 oxoprop 1 en 1 yl]benzoate; 10 dihydroartemisinyl 4 [[(1e) 3 (3 methoxy 4 nitrophenyl)] 3 oxoprop 1 en 1 yl]benzoate; 10 dihydroartemisinyl 4 [[(1e) 3 (3,4 dimethoxyphenyl)] 3 oxoprop 1 en 1 yl]benzoate; 4 [(1e) 3 oxo 3 phenylprop 1 en 1 yl]benzoic acid; 4 [[(1e) 3 (2,4 dimethoxyphenyl)] 3 oxoprop 1 en 1 yl]benzoic acid; 4 [[(1e) 3 (3 methoxy 4 nitrophenyl)] 3 oxoprop 1 en 1 yl]benzoic acid; 4 [[(1e) 3 (3,4 dimethoxyphenyl)] 3 oxoprop 1 en 1 yl]benzoic acid; 4 [[(1e) 3 (5 methylfuran 2 yl)] 3 oxoprop 1 en 1 yl]benzoic acid; 4 [[(1e) 3 oxo 3 (2,3,4 trichlorophenyl)]prop 1 en 1 yl]benzoic acid; antimalarial agent; antineoplastic agent; artesunate; chalcone derivative; chloroquine; dihydroartemisinin; dihydroartemisinin derivative; dihydroartemisinyl chalcone ester; ester derivative; furan; unclassified drug; antimalarial agent; antineoplastic agent; artemisinin derivative; chalcone; ester; antimalarial activity; antineoplastic activity; Article; cancer cell line; controlled study; drug screening; drug stability; drug storage; drug synthesis; high temperature; human; human cell; IC50; in vitro study; nonhuman; Plasmodium falciparum; storage temperature; structure activity relation; cell proliferation; chemical structure; chemistry; dose response; drug effects; drug sensitivity; MCF 7 cell line; synthesis; tumor cell line; Antimalarials; Antineoplastic Agents; Artemisinins; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Chalcone; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Esters; Humans; MCF-7 Cells; Molecular Structure; Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; Plasmodium falciparum; Structure-Activity Relationship	NRF, UID 76443, National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919947877	Synthesis of functionalized 3-, 5-, 6- and 8-aminoquinolines via intermediate (3-pyrrolin-1-yl)- and (2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)quinolines and evaluation of their antiplasmodial and antifungal activity	Vandekerckhove S., Van Herreweghe S., Willems J., Danneels B., Desmet T., De Kock C., Smith P.J., Chibale K., D'Hooghe M.	2015	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	92	None	10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.12.020	SynBioC Research Group, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium; Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium; Division of Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	Vandekerckhove, S., SynBioC Research Group, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium; Van Herreweghe, S., SynBioC Research Group, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium; Willems, J., SynBioC Research Group, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium; Danneels, B., Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium; Desmet, T., Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium; De Kock, C., Division of Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa; Smith, P.J., Division of Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa; Chibale, K., South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; D'Hooghe, M., SynBioC Research Group, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium	(3-Pyrrolin-1-yl)- and (2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)quinolines were prepared via cyclization of diallylaminoquinolines and 4-chloro-N-quinolinylbutanamides, respectively, as novel synthetic intermediates en route to N-functionalized 3-, 5-, 6- and 8-aminoquinolines with potential biological activity. (3-Pyrrolin-1-yl)quinolines were subjected to bromination reactions, and the reactivity of (2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)quinolines toward lithium aluminum hydride and methyllithium was assessed, providing an entry into a broad range of novel functionalized (pyrrolidin-1-yl)- and (hydroxyalkylamino)quinolines. Antiplasmodial evaluation of these novel quinolines and their functionalized derivatives revealed moderate micromolar potency against a chloroquine-sensitive strain of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, and the two most potent compounds also showed micromolar activity against a chloroquine-resistant strain of P. falciparum. Antifungal assessment of (hydroxyalkylamino)quinolines revealed three compounds with promising MIC values against Rhodotorula bogoriensis and one compound with potent activity against Aspergillus flavus. © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	Antimalarial agents; Antimicrobial agents; Pyrrolidine derivatives; Quinolines	2 methyl 3 (2 methylpyrrolidin 1 yl)quinoline; 3 (2 methylpyrrolidin 1 yl)quinoline; 3 (pyrrolidin 1 yl)quinoline; 4 (quinolin 3 ylamino)butanol; 4 (quinolin 5 ylamino)butanol; 4 (quinolin 6 ylamino)butanol; 4 (quinolin 8 ylamino)butanol; 5 (2 methylpyrrolidin 1 yl)quinoline; 5 (2 methylquinolin 3 ylamino) 2 methylpentan 2 ol; 5 (2 methylquinolin 3 ylamino)pentan 2 ol; 5 (pyrrolidin 1 yl)quinoline; 5 (quinolin 3 ylamino)pentan 2 one; 5 (quinolin 5 ylamino) 2 methylpentan 2 ol; 5 (quinolin 5 ylamino)pentan 2 ol; 5 (quinolin 5 ylamino)pentan 2 one; 5 (quinolin 6 ylamino) 2 methylpentan 2 ol; 5 (quinolin 6 ylamino)pentan 2 ol; 5 (quinolin 6 ylamino)pentan 2 one; 5 (quinolin 8 ylamino) 2 methylpentan 2 ol; 6 (2 methylpyrrolidin 1 yl)quinoline; 6 (pyrrolidin 1 yl)quinoline; 8 (2 oxopyrrolidin 1 yl)quinoline; aminoquinoline derivative; amphotericin B; antifungal agent; antimalarial agent; artesunate; chloroquine; emetine; unclassified drug; unindexed drug; aminoquinoline derivative; antifungal agent; antimalarial agent; antifungal activity; antimalarial activity; Article; Aspergillus flavus; bromination; Candida albicans; controlled study; derivatization; drug design; drug potency; drug screening; drug synthesis; IC50; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; Plasmodium falciparum; Rhodotorula; Rhodotorula bogoriensis; structure activity relation; substitution reaction; chemistry; dose response; drug effects; drug sensitivity; synthesis; Aminoquinolines; Antifungal Agents; Antimalarials; Aspergillus flavus; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; Plasmodium falciparum; Rhodotorula; Structure-Activity Relationship	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78651256754	Evaluation of an uncollimated printed paper transmission source used under scatter limiting conditions	van Staden J.A., du Raan H., Lötter M.G., Herbst C.P., van Aswegen A., Rae W.I.D.	2011	Physica Medica	27	1	10.1016/j.ejmp.2010.01.004	Department of Medical Physics (G68), University of the Free State, PO Box 339, 9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa	van Staden, J.A., Department of Medical Physics (G68), University of the Free State, PO Box 339, 9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa; du Raan, H., Department of Medical Physics (G68), University of the Free State, PO Box 339, 9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa; Lötter, M.G., Department of Medical Physics (G68), University of the Free State, PO Box 339, 9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa; Herbst, C.P., Department of Medical Physics (G68), University of the Free State, PO Box 339, 9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa; van Aswegen, A., Department of Medical Physics (G68), University of the Free State, PO Box 339, 9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa; Rae, W.I.D., Department of Medical Physics (G68), University of the Free State, PO Box 339, 9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa	Transmission sources used for image attenuation correction, allowing image quantification, are collimated to reduce scatter. We propose the same effect can be achieved for an uncollimated source by increasing source to patient distance. The aim was to compare planar image performance characteristics and absorbed doses of uncollimated and collimated radioactive printed paper transmission sources. The scatter contribution to the uncollimated 99mTc source data was evaluated for different combinations of detector phantom distance, detector source distance and phantom source distance. Measurements were performed by increasing the Lucite phantom thickness in 1cm steps to 20 cm. Spatial resolution, detection efficiency and entrance absorbed dose rate were measured for the uncollimated and collimated transmission source images. Results derived from the energy spectra, obtained with the uncollimated transmission source indicate that scatter contribution increases with decreasing detector source distance. The scatter component in the uncollimated transmission images (detector source distances≥60cm; phantom source distances≥40cm) was comparable to that obtained with collimated transmission images. Attenuation coefficients obtained compared well (0.168cm-1 vs. 0.171cm-1). The full widths at half maxima differed by less than 0.9mm. The detection efficiency of the uncollimated source was 2.5 times higher than obtained with the collimated source. The entrance absorbed dose obtained from an uncollimated source was 3.75 times larger than that obtained from the collimated source.An uncollimated transmission source (detector source distance ≥ 60. cm) results in acceptable image characteristics and presents a low cost, low dose, high efficiency option for transmission imaging. © 2010 Associazione Italiana di Fisica Medica.	Attenuation correction; Printed source; Transmission imaging	technetium 99m; article; collimator; controlled study; image processing; image quality; measurement; paper; phantom; radiation absorption; radiation attenuation; radiation dose; radiation energy; radiation scattering; radioactive printed paper transmission source; scintiscanning; thickness; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Phantoms, Imaging; Radiation Dosage; Reproducibility of Results; Scattering, Radiation; Sensitivity and Specificity; Technetium; Tomography, Emission-Computed	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-44249121715	Diurnal blood pressure variation in the evaluation of early onset severe pre-eclampsia	Steyn D.W., Odendaal H.J., Hall D.R.	2008	European Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology	138	2	10.1016/j.ejogrb.2007.08.010	Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tygerberg Hospital, the University of Stellenbosch, P.O. Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa	Steyn, D.W., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tygerberg Hospital, the University of Stellenbosch, P.O. Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa; Odendaal, H.J., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tygerberg Hospital, the University of Stellenbosch, P.O. Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa; Hall, D.R., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tygerberg Hospital, the University of Stellenbosch, P.O. Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa	Objective: : To study the association between diurnal variation in blood pressure, the mean daily blood pressure and various complications of pregnancy in patients presenting with severe pre-eclampsia before 34 weeks' gestation. Study design: : Forty-four women presenting to a tertiary hospital in South Africa with severe pre-eclampsia between 28 and 34 weeks' gestation were managed expectantly for at least 8 days. We measured maternal blood pressure every 30 min with the pregnancy validated Spacelabs 90209 automated blood pressure monitor for 24 h periods on alternative days. The mean 24-h diastolic blood pressure measurement, the mean diastolic blood pressure for daytime and nighttime, the day-night blood pressure difference and the night-day ratio were compared with the occurrence of abruptio placentae, gestational age at delivery, neonatal intensive care unit admission, birth weight, abnormal umbilical artery Doppler FVW and reason for delivery. Results: : One hundred and seventy-six 24-h studies were analyzed. The day-night blood pressure difference decreased with increasing mean diastolic blood pressure (r = -0.323, p < 0.0001). A combination of normal mean diastolic blood pressure and normal day-night blood pressure difference was associated with increased gestational age and lower caesarean section rates. Conclusion: : The combination of mean diastolic blood pressure and day-night blood pressure difference may be a supplementary measurement of disease severity in early onset severe pre-eclampsia and seems to be of prognostic value. © 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; Diurnal blood pressure variation; Early onset; Pre-eclampsia	methyldopa; nifedipine; prazosin; adult; article; birth weight; blood pressure measurement; blood pressure variability; cesarean section; circadian rhythm; clinical article; diagnostic value; diastolic blood pressure; disease course; disease severity; Doppler flowmeter; Doppler flowmetry; early diagnosis; female; fetus monitoring; gestation period; gestational age; human; informed consent; maternal age; maternal hypertension; newborn intensive care; parity; patient monitoring; preeclampsia; pregnancy complication; pregnant woman; priority journal; prognosis; solutio placentae; South Africa; tertiary health care; Adult; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Circadian Rhythm; Female; Humans; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-55949105775	Integrating DEA-oriented performance assessment and target setting using interactive MOLP methods	Yang J.-B., Wong B.Y.H., Xu D.-L., Stewart T.J.	2009	European Journal of Operational Research	195	1	10.1016/j.ejor.2008.01.013	Manchester Business School, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M15 6PB, United Kingdom; Management School, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa	Yang, J.-B., Manchester Business School, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M15 6PB, United Kingdom, Management School, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China; Wong, B.Y.H., Manchester Business School, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M15 6PB, United Kingdom; Xu, D.-L., Manchester Business School, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M15 6PB, United Kingdom; Stewart, T.J., Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa	Data envelopment analysis (DEA) and multiple objective linear programming (MOLP) are tools that can be used in management control and planning. Whilst these two types of model are similar in structure, DEA is directed to assessing past performances as part of management control function and MOLP to planning future performance targets. This paper is devoted to investigating equivalence models and interactive tradeoff analysis procedures in MOLP, such that DEA-oriented performance assessment and target setting can be integrated in a way that the decision makers' preferences can be taken into account in an interactive fashion. Three equivalence models are investigated between the output-oriented dual DEA model and the minimax reference point formulations, namely the super-ideal point model, the ideal point model and the shortest distance model. These models can be used to support efficiency analysis in the same way as the conventional DEA model does and also support tradeoff analysis for setting target values by individuals or groups. A case study is conducted to illustrate how DEA-oriented efficiency analysis can be conducted using the MOLP methods and how such performance assessment can be integrated into an interactive procedure for setting realistic target values. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Data envelopment analysis; Minimax method; Multiple objective linear programming; Performance assessment; Tradeoff analysis	Communication channels (information theory); Data envelopment analysis; Decision theory; Dynamic programming; Industrial management; Linear programming; Linearization; Particle size analysis; Planning; Targets; Case studies; Dea models; Decision makers; Efficiency analysis; Equivalence models; Future performances; Ideal points; Management controls; MiniMax; Minimax method; Multiple objective linear programming; Multiple objective linear programmings; Performance assessment; Performance assessments; Reference points; Shortest distances; Target settings; Target values; Tradeoff analysis; Two types; Modal analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650416758	Burn-in and the performance quality measures in heterogeneous populations	Cha J.H., Finkelstein M.	2011	European Journal of Operational Research	210	2	10.1016/j.ejor.2010.09.019	Department of Statistics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, South Korea; Department of Mathematical Statistics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Germany	Cha, J.H., Department of Statistics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, South Korea; Finkelstein, M., Department of Mathematical Statistics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Germany	Burn-in is a widely used engineering method of elimination of defective items before they are shipped to customers or put into field operation. Under the assumption that a population is described by the decreasing or bathtub-shaped failure rate functions, various optimal burn-in problems have been intensively studied in the literature. In this paper, we consider a new model and assume that a population is composed of stochastically ordered subpopulations described by their own performance quality measures. It turns out that this setting can justify burn-in even in situations when it is not justified in the framework of conventional approaches. For instance, it is shown that it can be reasonable to perform burn-in even when the failure rate function that describes the heterogeneous population of items increases and this is one of the main and important findings of our study. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Burn-in; Heterogeneous population; Performance quality measures; Reliability; Stochastically ordered subpopulations	Bathtub shaped failure rate; Burn-in; Conventional approach; Defective items; Engineering methods; Failure rate functions; Field operation; Heterogeneous populations; New model; Performance quality; Stochastically ordered subpopulations	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-83955164254	Using Competitive Population Evaluation in a differential evolution algorithm for dynamic environments	Du Plessis M.C., Engelbrecht A.P.	2012	European Journal of Operational Research	218	1	10.1016/j.ejor.2011.08.031	Department of Computer Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Du Plessis, M.C., Department of Computer Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Engelbrecht, A.P., Department of Computer Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	This paper proposes two adaptations to DynDE, a differential evolution-based algorithm for solving dynamic optimization problems. The first adapted algorithm, Competitive Population Evaluation (CPE), is a multi-population DE algorithm aimed at locating optima faster in the dynamic environment. This adaptation is based on allowing populations to compete for function evaluations based on their performance. The second adapted algorithm, Reinitialization Midpoint Check (RMC), is aimed at improving the technique used by DynDE to maintain populations on different peaks in the search space. A combination of the CPE and RMC adaptations is investigated. The new adaptations are empirically compared to DynDE using various problem sets. The empirical results show that the adaptations constitute an improvement over DynDE and compares favorably to other approaches in the literature. The general applicability of the adaptations is illustrated by incorporating the combination of CPE and RMC into another Differential Evolution-based algorithm, jDE, which is shown to yield improved results. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Differential evolution; Dynamic environments; Evolutionary computation; Optimization	Competitive population; Differential Evolution; Differential evolution algorithms; Dynamic environments; Dynamic optimization problems; Empirical results; Evolutionary computations; Multi-population DE algorithms; Reinitialization; Search spaces; Optimization; Evolutionary algorithms	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-54949118686	Preparation and evaluation of mucinated sodium alginate microparticles for oral delivery of insulin	Builders P.F., Kunle O.O., Okpaku L.C., Builders M.I., Attama A.A., Adikwu M.U.	2008	European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics	70	3	10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.06.021	Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Raw Material Development, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria; School of Pharmacy, University of Bradford, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Un	Builders, P.F., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Raw Material Development, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria; Kunle, O.O., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Raw Material Development, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria; Okpaku, L.C., School of Pharmacy, University of Bradford, United Kingdom; Builders, M.I., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria; Attama, A.A., Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Adikwu, M.U., Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Effective oral insulin delivery remains a challenge to the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, insulin-loaded microparticles for oral delivery were prepared with mucin and sodium alginate combined at different ratios using a novel method based on polymer coacervation and diffusion filling. Some physical characteristics of the various insulin-loaded microparticles such as particle size, morphology and compressibility indices were determined. The microparticles were filled into hard gelatin capsules and the in vitro insulin release as well as the blood glucose reduction after oral administration to diabetic rabbits were determined. The microparticles formed were generally multi-particulate, discrete and free flowing. Before insulin loading, microparticles were round and smooth, becoming fluffier, less spherical and larger with rough and pitted surface after insulin loading. The insulin content of the microparticles increased with increase in their sodium alginate content. The various insulin-loaded microparticles prepared with the mucinated sodium alginate when encapsulated exhibited lag time before insulin release. The time taken to reach maximum insulin release from the various formulations varied with the mucin-sodium alginate ratio mix. The mean dissolution time of insulin from the microparticles prepared with sodium alginate, mucin, sodium alginate: mucin ratios of 1:1, 3:1 and 1:3 was 11.21 ± 0.75, 3.3 ± 0.42, 6.69 ± 023, 8.52 ± 0.95 and 3.48 ± 0.65 (min.), respectively. The percentage blood glucose reduction for the subcutaneously administered insulin was significantly (p < 0.001) higher than for the formulations. The blood glucose reduction effect produced by the orally administered insulin-loaded microparticles prepared with three parts of sodium alginate and one part of mucin after 5 h was, however, equal to that produced by the subcutaneously administered insulin solution, an indication that it is an effective alternative for the delivery of insulin. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Blood glucose reduction; Insulin release; Microparticles; Mucin; Oral administration; Sodium alginate	alginic acid; drug carrier; gelatin; glucose; insulin; microparticle; mucin; polymer; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; article; coacervation; controlled study; diabetes mellitus; diffusion; drug effect; drug release; drug solubility; drug synthesis; evaluation; glucose blood level; nonhuman; particle size; rabbit; Administration, Oral; Alginates; Animals; Blood Glucose; Capsules; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Drug Carriers; Drug Compounding; Gelatin; Glucuronic Acid; Hexuronic Acids; Hypoglycemic Agents; Injections, Subcutaneous; Insulin; Mucins; Particle Size; Rabbits; Solubility; Surface Properties; Technology, Pharmaceutical	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-25444448818	Impact and mechanisms of action of neurotensin on cardiac contractility in the rat left ventricle	Osadchii O., Norton G., Deftereos D., Badenhorst D., Woodiwiss A.	2005	European Journal of Pharmacology	520	42372	10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.07.014	Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa	Osadchii, O., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Norton, G., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Deftereos, D., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Badenhorst, D., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Woodiwiss, A., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa	Using immunoassay measurements, neurotensin was identified in rat ventricular tissue and in coronary effluent samples. Exogenous neurotensin evoked contractile responses in isolated ventricular preparations, which were equivalent in magnitude to those of norepinephrine and histamine, but greater than those for serotonin and angiotensin II. EC50 values revealed neurotensin to be as potent as serotonin, but more potent than norepinephrine, histamine and angiotensin II. Structure-activity studies indicated that the contractile effects are attributed to the C-terminal portion of neurotensin. Neurotensin-induced responses were decreased by SR 48692, a specific neurotensin receptor antagonist. Neurotensin elicited an increase in coronary effluent norepinephrine concentrations, and a strong relationship between the magnitude of neurotensin-induced contractile effects and increments in myocardial norepinephrine release were noted. Neurotensin-induced contractile responses were abolished by β-adrenoceptor antagonists, but not by histamine, serotonin or angiotensin II receptor antagonists. In conclusion, neurotensin increases ventricular contractility through stimulation of myocardial norepinephrine release. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Inotropic effect; Neurotensin; Ventricular contractility	2 [[1 (7 chloro 4 quinolinyl) 5 (2,6 dimethoxyphenyl) 3 pyrazolyl]carbonylamino] 2 adamantanecarboxylic acid; angiotensin; angiotensin II antagonist; antihistaminic agent; beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent; histamine; inotropic agent; neurotensin; neurotensin receptor antagonist; noradrenalin; serotonin; serotonin antagonist; animal tissue; article; beta adrenergic receptor blocking; carboxy terminal sequence; comparative study; concentration response; controlled study; drug activity; drug effect; drug inhibition; drug mechanism; drug potency; evoked muscle response; heart left ventricle contractility; heart muscle contractility; heart stimulation; immunoassay; inotropism; isolated heart; male; nonhuman; noradrenalin release; pathophysiology; priority journal; rat; structure activity relation; Animals; Cardiotonic Agents; Coronary Circulation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Extracellular Fluid; Heart Ventricles; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Neurotensin; Norepinephrine; Perfusion; Pyrazoles; Quinolines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Neurotensin; Ventricular Function, Left	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33751172520	Impact of chronic β-adrenoceptor activation on neurotensin-induced myocardial effects in rats	Osadchii O., Norton G., Deftereos D., Muller D., Woodiwiss A.	2006	European Journal of Pharmacology	553	42372	10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.09.037	Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa	Osadchii, O., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Norton, G., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Deftereos, D., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Muller, D., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Woodiwiss, A., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa	In heart failure chronic sympathetic activation results in contractile dysfunction in part through down-regulation of the β-adrenoceptor-cAMP system. However, the impact of chronic adrenergic activation on cardiac sympathetic neuromodulator systems is unclear. In this study, we sought to determine whether chronic adrenergic activation modifies myocardial norepinephrine release and contractile responses elicited by neurotensin, a neuropeptide found in cardiovascular system. Chronic administration of isoproterenol, a β-adrenoceptor agonist, to rats (0.05 mg/kg daily for 1 month, i.p.), produced cardiac hypertrophy with preserved baseline ventricular systolic function, but reduced contractile responses to exogenous norepinephrine as shown in isolated, isovolumically-contracting heart preparations. Neurotensin produced a marked increase in coronary effluent norepinephrine release, an effect abolished by SR 48692, a specific neurotensin receptor antagonist. In isoproterenol-treated rats, neurotensin has no significant impact on myocardial norepinephrine release. Consistently, concentration-dependent positive inotropic responses elicited by neurotensin in control rat hearts were blunted over a wide range of neurotensin concentrations (10- 10-10- 5.5 M) in isoproterenol-treated rats. In conclusion, these data indicate that following chronic β-adrenoceptor activation, neurotensin-induced effects on norepinephrine release and subsequent contractile changes are markedly down-regulated. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Cardiac hypertrophy; Myocardial norepinephrine; Neurotensin; Ventricular contractility	2 [[1 (7 chloro 4 quinolinyl) 5 (2,6 dimethoxyphenyl) 3 pyrazolyl]carbonylamino] 2 adamantanecarboxylic acid; beta adrenergic receptor; beta adrenergic receptor stimulating agent; isoprenaline; neurotensin; propranolol; adrenergic activity; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; article; controlled study; drug effect; heart muscle; heart muscle contractility; heart ventricle contraction; heart ventricle hypertrophy; isolated heart; male; nonhuman; noradrenalin release; priority journal; rat; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Animals; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Coronary Circulation; Heart; Isoproterenol; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardium; Neurotensin; Norepinephrine; Organ Size; Pyrazoles; Quinolines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Neurotensin; Ventricular Function, Left	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897008574	Pharmacokinetic evaluation of lisinopril-tryptophan, a novel C-domain ACE inhibitor	Denti P., Sharp S.-K., Kröger W.L., Schwager S.L., Mahajan A., Njoroge M., Gibhard L., Smit I., Chibale K., Wiesner L., Sturrock E.D., Davies N.H.	2014	European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	56	1	10.1016/j.ejps.2014.01.012	Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Chris Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Department of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Denti, P., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Sharp, S.-K., Chris Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Department of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa; Kröger, W.L., Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Schwager, S.L., Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Mahajan, A., Department of Chemistry, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Njoroge, M., Department of Chemistry, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Gibhard, L., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Smit, I., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Chibale, K., Department of Chemistry, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Wiesner, L., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Sturrock, E.D., Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Davies, N.H., Chris Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Department of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa	Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE, EC 3.4.15.1) is a metallopeptidase comprised of two homologous catalytic domains (N- and C-domains). The C-domain cleaves the vasoactive angiotensin II precursor, angiotensin I, more efficiently than the N-domain. Thus, C-domain-selective ACE inhibitors have been designed to investigate the pharmacological effects of blocking the C-terminal catalytic site of the enzyme and improve the side effect profile of current ACE inhibitors. Lisinopril-tryptophan (LisW-S), an analogue of the ACE inhibitor lisinopril, is highly selective for the C-domain. In this study, we have analysed the ex vivo domain selectivity and pharmacokinetic profile of LisW-S. The IC50 value of LisW-S was 38.5 nM in rat plasma using the fluorogenic substrate Abz-FRKP(Dnp)P-OH. For the pharmacokinetics analysis of LisW-S, a sensitive and selective LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated to determine the concentration of LisW-S in rat plasma. LisW-S was administered to Wistar rats at a dose of 1 mg/kg bodyweight intravenously, 5 mg/kg bodyweight orally. The Cmax obtained following oral administration of the drug was 0.082 μM and LisW-S had an apparent terminal elimination half-life of around 3.1 h. The pharmacokinetic data indicate that the oral bioavailability of LisW-S was approximately 5.4%. These data provide a basis for better understanding the absorption mechanism of LisW-S and evaluating its clinical application. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Hypertension; LC-MS/MS method; Lisinopril-tryptophan; Pharmacokinetic analysis	dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase inhibitor; lisinopril tryptophan; tryptophan derivative; unclassified drug; dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase; dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase inhibitor; lisinopril; tryptophan; animal experiment; article; concentration response; controlled study; drug absorption; drug bioavailability; drug blood level; drug elimination; drug half life; drug penetration; drug solubility; enzyme active site; ex vivo study; IC 50; liquid chromatography; male; maximum plasma concentration; nonhuman; priority journal; protein domain; rat; tandem mass spectrometry; Wistar rat; animal; CACO 2 cell line; chemistry; enzyme active site; human; metabolism; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animals; Caco-2 Cells; Catalytic Domain; Humans; Lisinopril; Male; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; Rats, Wistar; Tryptophan	South African Medical Research Council; South African Medical Research Council
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896776369	Synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of aminoacridines and artemisinin-acridine hybrids	Joubert J.P., Smit F.J., Du Plessis L., Smith P.J., N'da D.D.	2014	European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	56	1	10.1016/j.ejps.2014.01.014	Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (PHARMCEN), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Department of Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory 7925, South Africa	Joubert, J.P., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Smit, F.J., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Du Plessis, L., Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (PHARMCEN), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Smith, P.J., Department of Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory 7925, South Africa; N'da, D.D., Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (PHARMCEN), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	During this study, 9-aminoacridine and artemisinin-acridine hybrid compounds were synthesized and the in vitro for antimalarial activity against both the chloroquine sensitive but also gametocytocidal strain (NF54), and chloroquine resistant (Dd2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum was determined. In vitro cytotoxicity against CHO cells, apoptosis of HepG2 and SH-SY5Y as well as anticancer activity against HeLa cell lines were assessed. The hybrids were synthesized, using a microwave-assisted radiation method by covalently linking artemisinin and acridine pharmacophores by means of a liable, aminoethyl ether linker. The synthesized compounds were found active against both the Plasmodium strains and displayed superior selective toxicity towards the parasitic cells. Hybrid 7, however, containing ethylenediamine linker, proved the most active of all of the synthesized compounds. It had seven-fold higher antigametocytocidal activity compared to chloroquine and was also found to be seven-fold more potent than chloroquine against the Dd2 strain, with highly selective action towards the parasitic cells. This hybrid also showed favourable anti-cancer activity against the HeLa cells, three- and eight-fold higher than those of chloroquine and melphalan, respectively. This hybrid may therefore stand as drug candidate for further investigation in the search for new and effective drugs against malaria and cervical cancer. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Acridine; Apoptosis; Artemisinin; Cytotoxicity; Hybrids; Malaria	6 chloro 2 methoxy 9 (2 methylpiperazin 1 yl)acridine 2 (10 beta dihydroartemisinoxy)ethane; 6 chloro 2 methoxy 9 (3 methylpiperazin 1 yl)acridine; 6 chloro 2 methoxy 9 (piperazin 1 yl)acridine; 6 chloro 2 methoxy 9 (piperazin 1 yl)acridine 2 (10 beta dihydroartemisinoxy)ethane; 6 chloro 2 methoxy n [2 (piperazin 1 yl)ethyl]acridin 9 amine; 6 chloro 2 methoxy n [2 (piperazin 1 yl)ethyl]acridin 9 amine 2 (10 beta dihydroartemisinoxy)ethane; [3 [(6 chloro 2 methoxyacridin 9 yl)amino]propyl](methyl) amine; [3 [(6 chloro 2 methoxyacridin 9 yl)amino]propyl](methyl) amine 2 (10 beta dihydroartemisinoxy)ethane; [n (2 aminoethyl) 6 chloro 2 methoxyacridin 9 amine] 2 (10 beta dihydroartemisinoxy)ethane; acridine derivative; aminoacridine derivative; antimalarial agent; antineoplastic agent; artemisinin derivative; chloroquine; ether; ethylenediamine; melphalan; n (2 aminoethyl) 6 chloro 2 methoxyacridin 9 amine; unclassified drug; acridine derivative; antimalarial agent; antineoplastic agent; artemisinin; artemisinin derivative; animal cell; antimalarial activity; antineoplastic activity; apoptosis; article; CHO cell; controlled study; drug cytotoxicity; drug screening; drug synthesis; HeLa cell; human; human cell; hybrid; in vitro study; microwave radiation; nonhuman; nucleophilicity; pharmacophore; phase transition; physical chemistry; Plasmodium falciparum; priority journal; X ray analysis; animal; cell survival; chemistry; CHO cell line; Cricetulus; drug effects; synthesis; tumor cell line; Acridines; Animals; Antimalarials; Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Artemisinins; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; CHO Cells; Cricetulus; Humans; Plasmodium falciparum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052186149	Plain radiographic evaluation of children with obstructive adenoids	Kolo E.S., Ahmed A.O., Kazeem M.J., Nwaorgu O.G.B.	2011	European Journal of Radiology	79	2	10.1016/j.ejrad.2010.09.027	Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria	Kolo, E.S., Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria; Ahmed, A.O., Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria; Kazeem, M.J., Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria; Nwaorgu, O.G.B., Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria	Background: There are several methods of evaluating adenoidal size pre-operatively. Plain nasopharyngeal radiography is a common investigative modality: it has been advocated, and also condemned. Aim: This study was intended to assess nasopharyngeal airway obstruction by the adenoids using plain X-rays; and also to find correlation if any, with the symptomatology. Methods: This is a retrospective study carried out between January and December 2008. The case notes and plain X-rays of the nasopharynx of 34 paediatric patients with clinical features of obstructive adenoids were analyzed. Results: A total of 34 children were studied, 22 (64.7%) were males and 12 (35.3%) were females. Their ages ranged between 7 months and 10 years: mean age was 3.55 years, standard deviation 2.723. Majority (67.6%) of the children were in the age group 0-4 years. The lowest symptomatology assessment score was 0 and the highest was 3. Children 4 years and below had the highest symptomatology scores. The minimum adenoidal-nasopharyngeal ratio was 0.35 and the maximum was 0.94. There was no significant difference in the mean adenoidal-nasopharyngeal ratio of males and females (t = 0.407; p = 0.692). Many (75.0%) of the children with moderate to severe nasopharyngeal airway obstruction by the adenoids were in the age bracket 0-4 years. The lowest adenoidal-nasopharyngeal ratio score was 0 and the highest was 3. Children 4 years and below had the highest adenoidal- nasopharyngeal ratio scores. There was a very weak nonsignificant correlation between the symptomatology assessment score and the radiological assessment score (r = 0.168; p = 0.375). Conclusion: The adenoidal-nasopharyngeal ratio is reliable in assessing the nasopharyngeal airway in children with obstructive adenoids. © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.	Adenoidal-nasopharyngeal ratio; Adenoids; Nasopharyngeal airway; Nigeria; Plain radiography	adenoid; adenoidal nasopharyngeal ratio; airway obstruction; article; child; clinical article; clinical feature; disease severity; female; human; infant; male; mouth breathing; nasopharyngeal airway obstruction; nose obstruction; plain X ray; preschool child; priority journal; retrospective study; school child; sleep apnea syndrome; snoring; X ray; Adenoids; Airway Obstruction; Chi-Square Distribution; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Retrospective Studies	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67349136857	Metal (Co, Fe) tribenzotetraazachlorin-fullerene conjugates: Impact of direct π-bonding on the redox behaviour and oxygen reduction reaction	Ozoemena K.I., Mamuru S.A., Fukuda T., Kobayashi N., Nyokong T.	2009	Electrochemistry Communications	11	6	10.1016/j.elecom.2009.04.011	Energy and Processes, Materials Science and Manufacturing, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Miering Naude Road, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa	Ozoemena, K.I., Energy and Processes, Materials Science and Manufacturing, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Miering Naude Road, Pretoria 0001, South Africa, Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Mamuru, S.A., Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Fukuda, T., Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan; Kobayashi, N., Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan; Nyokong, T., Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa	Novel hexabutylsulphonyltribenzotetraazachlorin-fullerene (C60) complexes of iron (FeHBSTBTAC-C60) and cobalt (CoHBSTBTAC-C60) have been synthesized and their electrochemistry and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) compared with their octabutylsulphonylphthalocyanine analogues (FeOBSPc and CoOBSPc). It is proved that electron-withdrawing substituents (-SO2Bu and C60) on phthalocyanine macrocycle exhibit distinct impact on the solution electrochemistry of these metallophthalocyanine (MPc) complexes. The more electron-withdrawing C60 substituent suppressed ORR compared to the -SO2Bu in alkaline medium. FeOBSPc showed the best ORR activity involving a direct 4-electron mechanism, a rate constant of ∼1 × 108 cm3 mol-1 s-1 and a Tafel slope of -171 mV dec-1. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Cyclic voltammetry; Metal (Fe, Co) phthalocyanine-C60; Oxygen reduction; RDE experiment	Alkaline medium; Electron mechanism; Electron-withdrawing substituents; Electronwithdrawing; Metallophthalocyanine; Oxygen reduction; Oxygen reduction reaction; Phthalocyanine macrocycle; RDE experiment; Tafel slopes; Cobalt; Electrochemistry; Electrolytic reduction; Fullerenes; Iron compounds; Oxygen; Rate constants; Cyclic voltammetry	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-37549021530	Self-assembled nano-arrays of single-walled carbon nanotube-octa(hydroxyethylthio)phthalocyaninatoiron(II) on gold surfaces: Impacts of SWCNT and solution pH on electron transfer kinetics	Nkosi D., Ozoemena K.I.	2008	Electrochimica Acta	53	6	10.1016/j.electacta.2007.10.073	Chemistry Department, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	Nkosi, D., Chemistry Department, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Ozoemena, K.I., Chemistry Department, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	The construction by sequential self-assembly process of reproducible, highly stable and pH-responsive redox-active nanostructured arrays of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) integrated with octa(hydroxyethylthio)phthalocyaninatoiron(II) (FeOHETPc) via ester bonds on a gold surface (Au-Cys-SWCNT-FeOHETPc) is investigated and discussed. The successful construction of this electrode is confirmed using atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as well as from the distinct cyclic voltammetric and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic profiles. The Au-Cys-SWCNT-FeOHETPc electrode exhibited strong dependence on the reaction of the head groups and the pH of the working electrolytes, the surface pK a is estimated as 7.3. The high electron transfer capability of the Au-Cys-SWCNT-FeOHETPc electrode over other electrodes (Au-Cys-SWCNT or the Au-Cys-FeOHETPc or the Au-FeOHETPc) suggests that SWCNT greatly improves the electronic communication between FeOHETPc and the bare gold electrode. The electron transfer rate constant (k app) of Au-Cys-SWCNT-FeOHETPc in pH 4.8 conditions (∼1.7 × 10 -2 cm -2 s -1) over that of the electrode obtained from SWCNT integrated with tetraaminophthalocyninatocobalt(II) (Au-Cys-SWCNT-CoTAPc) (5.1 × 10 -3 cm -2 s -1) is attributed to the possible effect of the central metal on the phthalocyanine core and substituents on the peripheral positions of the phthalocyanine rings. We also prove that aligned SWCNT arrays exhibit much faster electron transfer kinetics to redox-active species in solutions compared to the randomly dispersed (drop-dried) SWCNTs. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Cyclic voltammetry; Electron transfer rates; Impedance spectroscopy; Octa(hydroxyethylthio)phthalocyaninatoiron(II); Self-assembled monolayer; Single-walled carbon nanotube; Surface pK a	Cyclic voltammetry; Esters; Gold; Iron compounds; pH effects; Redox reactions; Self assembled monolayers; X ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Electron transfer kinetics; Electron transfer rates; Impedance spectroscopy; Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCN)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-53849091665	Effects of 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzeneboronic acid as an additive on electrochemical performance of propylene carbonate-based electrolytes for lithium ion batteries	Wang B., Qu Q.T., Xia Q., Wu Y.P., Li X., Gan C.L., van Ree T.	2008	Electrochimica Acta	54	2	10.1016/j.electacta.2008.06.070	Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, No. 220, Handan road, Shanghai 200433, China; Guotai Huarong Chemical New Materials Co. Ltd., Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Chemistry, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa	Wang, B., Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, No. 220, Handan road, Shanghai 200433, China; Qu, Q.T., Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, No. 220, Handan road, Shanghai 200433, China; Xia, Q., Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, No. 220, Handan road, Shanghai 200433, China; Wu, Y.P., Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, No. 220, Handan road, Shanghai 200433, China; Li, X., Guotai Huarong Chemical New Materials Co. Ltd., Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu Province, China; Gan, C.L., Guotai Huarong Chemical New Materials Co. Ltd., Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu Province, China; van Ree, T., Department of Chemistry, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa	The effects of 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzeneboronic acid (BA) as a new film-forming additive have been theoretically and experimentally studied for a graphite (CMS) electrode in propylene carbonate-based (PC) electrolyte for lithium ion batteries. Calculation based on the density functional theory (DFT) method suggests that the energy of the LUMO (the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) of BA is lower than that of PC, consistent with the results of cyclic voltammograms that BA is reduced before PC. SEM, FT-IR and XPS measurements show that the reduced products of BA contribute in part to the effective SEI film on the graphite electrode surface. Discharge-charge measurements indicate that the addition of BA can effectively prevent the decomposition and the co-intercalation of PC, and lithium ions can reversibly intercalate into and deintercalate from the graphite electrode. These results show that addition of BA improves the electrochemical performance of graphite in PC-based electrolyte. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzeneboronic acid; Cycleability; Film-forming; Lithium ion batteries; Solid electrolyte interface (SEI)	Acids; Carbon; Density functional theory; Electric discharges; Electrolysis; Electrolytes; Graphite; Graphite electrodes; Ions; Lithium; Lithium alloys; Lithium compounds; Molecular orbitals; Probability density function; Propylene; 3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzeneboronic acid; Cycleability; Film-forming; Lithium ion batteries; Solid electrolyte interface (SEI); Electrochemical electrodes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899447485	Comparative capacity performance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of commercial AA alkaline primary cells	Ferg E.E., Van Vuuren F.	2014	Electrochimica Acta	128	None	10.1016/j.electacta.2013.08.110	Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa	Ferg, E.E., Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; Van Vuuren, F., Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa	Alkaline primary cells are a relatively inexpensive source of portable power and there is still a significant demand for them due to their lower retail costs, good shelf life and good energy densities. There is a range of imported and local brands available in South Africa that can differ in terms of their cost to the consumer and their performance. The study being reported here compared a range of seven different AA alkaline brands in terms of price and performance by discharging them using three different standard tests, namely at constant 250 mA current, motor/toy and photo-flash respectively. The study also used electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to observe differences between the different cell brands at different stages of discharge during the different discharge test sequences. The results showed that all cell brands achieved similar discharge capacities for the low-power discharge test of around 1.7 Ah at a constant current of 250 mA with significant differences in their respective purchase prices. However, significantly better discharge capacities of around 1.4 Ah were achieved for the more expensive brands for the photo-flash test when compared to the cheaper brand, where only 0.4 Ah was achieved. Hence, one can get value for money by using cheaper brand cells for typical low-power applications such as digital clocks, while the more expensive brands are recommended for high-power applications. The results of the EIS analysis showed that the internal cell resistance of the cheaper branded cells was relatively higher when compared to the more expensive branded cells. The change in the cheaper cells' internal resistance was also comparatively higher when measured during the various stages of the discharge tests, especially during the photo-flash test. The EIS analysis also showed that certain new cells displayed an unusually high electrode capacitance and resistance when compared to the other cell types. This phenomenon then disappeared once the cells were slightly discharged to 1% of their respective capacities. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	AA alkaline cells, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Capacity performance	Costs; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; Spectroscopy; Capacity performance; Constant current; Discharge capacities; Electrode capacitance; High power applications; Internal cell resistance; Internal resistance; Low power application; Testing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84911886774	Simonkolleite-graphene foam composites and their superior electrochemical performance	Momodu D.Y., Barzegar F., Bello A., Dangbegnon J., Masikhwa T., Madito J., Manyala N.	2014	Electrochimica Acta	151	None	10.1016/j.electacta.2014.11.015	Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Momodu, D.Y., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Barzegar, F., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Bello, A., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Dangbegnon, J., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Masikhwa, T., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Madito, J., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Manyala, N., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Simonkolleite-graphene foam (SimonK/GF) composite has been synthesized by a facile solvothermal and environmentally friendly technique with excellent electrochemical properties. The obtained product was initially analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared resonance (FTIR) spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. The microscopy results reveal hexagonal sheets interlaced with each other and adjacent graphene sheets. The existence of graphene foam in the simonK/GF composite is further confirmed from the structural and the optical characteristics obtained from XRD and FTIR respectively. The BET results obtained indicate an improvement in the surface area due to the addition of graphene foam to a value of 39.58 m2 g-1. The N2 adsorption/desorption also shows the presence of active mesopores required for charge transport. As a promising electrode material for supercapacitors, the composite shows a high specific capacitance value of 1094 F/g at 1 A/g with a coulombic efficiency of 100% after 1000 cycles. These results show a potential for adoption of this composite in energy storage applications. © 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd.	composites; graphene foam; simonkolleite sheets; supercapacitor	Composite materials; Cyclic voltammetry; Electrolytic capacitors; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Graphene; Scanning electron microscopy; X ray diffraction; Brunauer emmett tellers; Electrochemical performance; Energy storage applications; Fourier transform infra reds; Graphene foams; High specific capacitances; simonkolleite sheets; Super capacitor; Foams	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940643337	Synthesis of 3D porous carbon based on cheap polymers and graphene foam for high-performance electrochemical capacitors	Barzegar F., Bello A., Fashedemi O.O., Dangbegnon J.K., Momodu D.Y., Taghizadeh F., Manyala N.	2015	Electrochimica Acta	180	None	10.1016/j.electacta.2015.08.148	Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa	Barzegar, F., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa; Bello, A., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa; Fashedemi, O.O., Department of Chemistry, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa; Dangbegnon, J.K., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa; Momodu, D.Y., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa; Taghizadeh, F., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa; Manyala, N., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa	A scalable production of high surface area nanoporous carbon material (∼2994 m2 g-1) with good distribution of micro-, meso- and macro-pores was hydrothermally synthesized using both cheap polymers and graphene foam as carbon sources. The as synthesised material shows a unique interconnected porous graphitic structure. The electrochemical double-layer capacitor fabricated from this nanoporous carbon material exhibited a superior supercapacitive performance of 188 F g-1 at current density 0.5 A g-1. This corresponded to areal capacitance of 6.3 μF cm-2 coupled with a high energy of 0.56 μWh cm-2 (16.71 Wh kg-1) and a power density of 13.39 μW cm-2 (401 W kg-1) due to extended potential window of 1.6 V in KOH aqueous electrolyte. Moreover, no capacitance loss after 10,000 cycles was observed, owing to the unique structure and large surface area of the active material. The outstanding performance of this material as supercapacitor electrode shows that it has great potential for high performance energy-related applications. Crown Copyright © 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.	Electrochemical performance; Equivalent circuit; Porous carbon; Supercapacitor	Capacitance; Capacitors; Electrolytic capacitors; Equivalent circuits; Graphene; Polymers; Porous materials; Electrochemical double-layer capacitors; Electrochemical performance; Graphitic structures; High performance electrochemical capacitors; Hydrothermally synthesized; Porous carbons; Super capacitor; Supercapacitor electrodes; Foams	University of Pretoria; UP, University of Pretoria
Scopus	2-s2.0-84946709432	Effect of addition of different carbon materials on hydrogel derived carbon material for high performance electrochemical capacitors	Barzegar F., Bello A., Guellati O., Momodu D.Y., Harat A., Dangbegnon J.K., Guerioune M., Manyala N.	2015	Electrochimica Acta	186	None	10.1016/j.electacta.2015.10.189	Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, SARCHI Ch. in Carbon Technology and Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; LEREC Laboratory, Department of Physics, Badji Mokhtar University of Annaba, BP.12, Annaba, Algeria	Barzegar, F., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, SARCHI Ch. in Carbon Technology and Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Bello, A., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, SARCHI Ch. in Carbon Technology and Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Guellati, O., LEREC Laboratory, Department of Physics, Badji Mokhtar University of Annaba, BP.12, Annaba, Algeria; Momodu, D.Y., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, SARCHI Ch. in Carbon Technology and Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Harat, A., LEREC Laboratory, Department of Physics, Badji Mokhtar University of Annaba, BP.12, Annaba, Algeria; Dangbegnon, J.K., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, SARCHI Ch. in Carbon Technology and Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Guerioune, M., LEREC Laboratory, Department of Physics, Badji Mokhtar University of Annaba, BP.12, Annaba, Algeria; Manyala, N., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, SARCHI Ch. in Carbon Technology and Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Activated carbon (AC) materials derived from addition of graphene foam, carbon nanotube and expended graphite mixed with polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone were synthesized and tested for supercapacitor application. Although the AC obtained from expended graphite shows the smallest specific surface area (SAA), it exhibits the highest electrical double layer capacitance (EDLC) performance with high rate capability and specific capacitance. This material tested in the symmetric configuration works in a large potential window of 1.6 V. More interestingly, the device made out this material gets better in terms of electrochemical performance when subjected to ageing effect with voltage holding for 100 hours. Some tentative reasons for such discrepancy between the SAA and the EDLC are explained. © 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	activated carbon; electrical double layer capacitor; specific surface area	Activated carbon; Capacitance; Capacitors; Carbon nanotubes; Electrochemical electrodes; Graphite; Specific surface area; Yarn; Electrical double layer capacitor; Electrical double-layer capacitances; Electrochemical performance; High performance electrochemical capacitors; High rate capability; Poly vinyl pyrrolidone; Specific capacitance; Supercapacitor application; Foams	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80053335269	Performance investigation of ozone-friendly R404A and R507 refrigerants as alternatives to R22 in a window air-conditioner	Bolaji B.O.	2011	Energy and Buildings	43	11	10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.08.011	Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Bolaji, B.O., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	In this study, experimental research was carried out to investigate the performance of R22 and its ozone-friendly alternative refrigerants (R404A and R507) in a window air-conditioner. The performance parameters of the system using R22 were considered as benchmarks and those obtained using alternative refrigerants were compared. Experimental results showed that R22 had the lowest pressure ratio and discharge temperature closely followed by R507. The average discharge temperature obtained using R507 and R404A were 4.2% and 15.3% higher than that of R22, respectively. The lowest compressor power and energy consumption were obtained from R507 retrofitted system. Also, the highest refrigeration capacity and coefficient of performance (COP) were obtained using R507 in the system. The average refrigeration capacities of R507 and R404A were 4.7% higher and 8.4% lower than that of R22, respectively, while the average COP of R507 increased by 10.6% and that of R404A reduced by 16.0% with respect to that of R22. Generally, the investigation has revealed that R507 can be used successfully as a retrofitting refrigerant in existing window air-conditioners originally designed to use R22 in the event of HCFC phased out. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Alternative; Experimental; Ozone-friendly; Performance; Window air-conditioners	Air conditioners; Alternative; Alternative refrigerant; Coefficient of performance; Compressor power; Discharge temperature; Experimental; Experimental research; Ozone-friendly; Performance; Performance parameters; Pressure ratio; Refrigeration capacity; Retrofitted system; Air conditioning; Energy utilization; Ozone; Refrigeration; Retrofitting; Refrigerants	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907535044	Mathematical modelling for the social impact to energy efficiency savings	Ekpenyong U.E., Zhang J., Xia X.	2014	Energy and Buildings	84	None	10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.08.019	Centre of New Energy Systems, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom	Ekpenyong, U.E., Centre of New Energy Systems, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Zhang, J., Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom; Xia, X., Centre of New Energy Systems, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa	In this paper, a mathematical model is formulated to quantify the social impact an individual has on his/her community when he/she performs any energy efficiency project and transmits that information to his/her neighbours. This model is called the expected power savings model; it combines direct and indirect expected power savings of the energy efficiency project for each individual within the network. The indirect savings are quantified through the social interactions people in the network. The example used in this paper illustrates the effectiveness of the model by identifying the households who should have free solar water heaters installed in their residential houses based on their influence through interactions in their community. Two case studies are considered in this paper, single and multiple sources case studies. In the multiple source case study, the results show that it is not necessarily the people with the highest connections who provide the maximum expected power savings. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Energy consumption; Energy efficiency; Influence; Information transfer; Probability; Social impact; Social network; Solar water heaters	Energy efficiency; Probability; Social networking (online); Solar water heaters; Efficiency savings; Influence; Information transfers; Social impact; Energy utilization	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-29144514675	Sanitary hot water consumption patterns in commercial and industrial sectors in South Africa: Impact on heating system design	Rankin R., Rousseau P.G.	2006	Energy Conversion and Management	47	6	10.1016/j.enconman.2005.06.002	School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	Rankin, R., School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Rousseau, P.G., School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	A large amount of individual sanitary hot water consumers are present in the South African residential sector. This led to several studies being done on hot water consumption patterns in this sector. Large amounts of sanitary hot water are also consumed in the commercial sector in buildings such as hotels and in large residences such as those found in the mining industry. The daily profiles of sanitary hot water consumption are not related to any technical process but rather to human behavior and varying ambient conditions. The consumption of sanitary hot water, therefore, represents a challenge to the electrical utility because it is an energy demand that remains one of the biggest contributors to the undesirable high morning and afternoon peaks imposed on the national electricity supply grid. It also represents a challenge to sanitary hot water system designers because the amount of hot water as well as the daily profile in which it is consumed impacts significantly on system design. This paper deals with hot water consumption in the commercial and industrial sectors. In the commercial sector, we look at hotels and in the industrial sector at large mining residences. Both of them are served by centralized hot water systems. Measured results from the systems are compared to data obtained from previous publications. A comparison is also made to illustrate the impact that these differences will have on sanitary hot water system design. Simulations are conducted for these systems using a simulation program developed in previous studies. The results clearly show significant differences in the required heating and storage capacity for the new profiles. A twin peak profile obtained from previous studies in the residential sector was used up to now in studies of heating demand and system design in commercial buildings. The results shown here illustrate the sanitary hot water consumption profile differs significantly from the twin peaks profile with a very high morning peak in hot water consumption. This leads to a requirement for bigger heating and storage capacities in commercial buildings like hotels. A summary of the results are provided in the form of minimum design parameters for different hot water consumption profiles. This study emphasizes the importance of understanding the trends of hot water consumption in buildings, especially when demand side management projects are done on these types of systems. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Heating capacity; Hotel profile; Mine residences profile; Sanitary hot water consumption; Storage capacity; Twin peaks profile	Buildings; Sanitary engineering; Systems analysis; Heating system design; Hotel profile; Sanitary hot water consumption; Twin peaks profile; Hot water distribution systems	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349448406	Performance analysis of a composite dual-winding reluctance machine	Anih L.U., Obe E.S.	2009	Energy Conversion and Management	50	12	10.1016/j.enconman.2009.08.008	Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Nigeria, 410001 Nsukka, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria	Anih, L.U., Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Nigeria, 410001 Nsukka, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Obe, E.S., Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Nigeria, 410001 Nsukka, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria	The electromagnetic energy conversion process of a composite dual-winding asynchronous reluctance machine is presented. The mechanism of torque production is explained using the magnetic fields distributions. The dynamic model developed in dq-rotor reference frame from first principles depicts the machine operation and response to sudden load change. The device is self-starting in the absence of rotor conductors and its starting current is lower than that of a conventional induction machine. Although the machine possesses salient pole rotors, it is clearly shown that its performance is that of an induction motor operating at half the synchronous speed. Hence the device produces synchronous torque while operating asynchronously. Simple tests were conducted on a prototype demonstration machine and the results obtained are seen to be in tune with the theory and the steady-state calculations. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Asynchronous; Composite; Dual-winding; Flux density; Half-speed; Induction machine; Reluctance	Asynchronous; Composite; Dual-winding; Flux density; Half-speed; Induction machine; Reluctance; Dynamic response; Electric windings; Electromagnetic waves; Energy conversion; Induction motors; Magnetic fields; Synchronous motors; Winding; Rotors (windings)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883482993	Evaluation of the maximized power of a regenerative endoreversible Stirling cycle using the thermodynamic analysis	Ahmadi M.H., Mohammadi A.H., Dehghani S.	2013	Energy Conversion and Management	76	None	10.1016/j.enconman.2013.07.082	Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, K.N Toosi University, Tehran, Iran; Institut de Recherche en Génie Chimique et Pétrolier (IRGCP), Paris Cedex, France; Thermodynamics Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, King George V Avenue, Durban 4041, South Africa	Ahmadi, M.H., Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, K.N Toosi University, Tehran, Iran; Mohammadi, A.H., Institut de Recherche en Génie Chimique et Pétrolier (IRGCP), Paris Cedex, France, Thermodynamics Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, King George V Avenue, Durban 4041, South Africa; Dehghani, S., Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, K.N Toosi University, Tehran, Iran	In this communication, the optimal power of an endoreversible Stirling cycle with perfect regeneration is investigated. In the endoreversible cycle, external heat transfer processes are irreversible. Optimal temperature of the heat source leading to a maximum power for the cycle is detained. Moreover, effect of design parameters of the Stirling engine on the maximized power of the engine and its corresponding thermal efficiency is studied. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Ideal regenerative; Multi-objective optimization; Power; Stirling engine; Thermal efficiency	Design parameters; Endoreversible cycles; External heat transfer; Ideal regenerative; Optimal temperature; Power; Thermal efficiency; Thermo dynamic analysis; Multiobjective optimization; Stirling engines; Thermoanalysis; Stirling cycle	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892690099	Performance evaluation and economic analysis of a gas turbine power plant in Nigeria	Oyedepo S.O., Fagbenle R.O., Adefila S.S., Adavbiele S.A.	2014	Energy Conversion and Management	79	None	10.1016/j.enconman.2013.12.034	Mechanical Engineering Department, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria; Mechanical Engineering Department, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Chemical Engineering Department, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria; Mechanical Engineering Department, A	Oyedepo, S.O., Mechanical Engineering Department, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria; Fagbenle, R.O., Mechanical Engineering Department, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Adefila, S.S., Chemical Engineering Department, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria; Adavbiele, S.A., Mechanical Engineering Department, Ambrose Ali University, Ekpoma, Nigeria	In this study, performance evaluation and economic analysis (in terms of power outage cost due to system downtime) of a gas turbine power plant in Nigeria have been carried out for the period 2001-2010. The thermal power station consists of nine gas turbine units with total capacity of 301 MW (9 × 31.5 MW). The study reveals that 64.3% of the installed capacity was available in the period. The percentage of shortfall of energy generated in the period ranged from 4.18% to 14.53% as against the acceptable value of 5-10%. The load factor of the plant is between 20.8% and 78.2% as against international best practice of 80%. The average availability of the plant for the period was about 64% as against industry best practice of 95%, while the average use factor was about 92%. The capacity factor of the plant ranged from 20.8% to 78.23% while the utilization factor ranged from 85.47% to 95.82%. For the ten years under review, there was energy generation loss of about 35.7% of expected energy generation of 26.411 TW h with consequent plant performance of 64.3%. The study further reveals that the 35.7% of generation loss resulted in revenue loss of about M$251 (approximately b40). The simple performance indicator developed to evaluate the performance indices and outage cost for the station can also be applicable to other power stations in Nigeria and elsewhere. Measures to improve the performance indices of the plant have been suggested such as training of operation and maintenance (O & M) personnel regularly, improvement in O & M practices, proper spare parts inventory and improvement in general housekeeping of the plant. From technical point of view, performance of the plant can be improved by retrofitting with a gas turbine air inlet cooling system, heat recovery system or adding modifications (inter-cooling or regeneration) to the simple gas turbine units. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Capacity factor; Gas turbine; Plant availability; Power plant; Reliability; Revenue loss	Capacity factors; Heat recovery systems; Operation and maintenance; Performance indicators; Performance indices; Plant availability; Spare parts inventories; Thermal power stations; Gas turbine power plants; Gas turbines; Heating; Optimal systems; Outages; Personnel training; Power plants; Reliability; Thermoelectric power plants; Waste heat; Economic analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904987191	Performance characteristics of solar air heater with surface mounted obstacles	Bekele A., Mishra M., Dutta S.	2014	Energy Conversion and Management	85	None	10.1016/j.enconman.2014.04.079	Department of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia; Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India	Bekele, A., Department of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia; Mishra, M., Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India; Dutta, S., Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India	The performance of conventional solar air heaters (SAHs) can be improved by providing obstacles on the heated wall (i.e. on the absorber plate). Experiments have been performed to collect heat transfer and flow-friction data from an air heater duct with delta-shaped obstacles mounted on the absorber surface and having an aspect ratio 6:1 resembling the conditions close to the solar air heaters. This study encompassed for the range of Reynolds number (Re) from 2100 to 30,000, relative obstacle height (e/H) from 0.25 to 0.75, relative obstacle longitudinal pitch (Pl/e) from 3/2 to 11/2, relative obstacle transverse pitch (Pt/b) from 1 to 7/3 and the angle of incidence (α) varied from 30° to 90°. The thermo-hydraulic performance characteristics of SAH have been compared with the previous published works and the optimum range of the geometries have been explored for the better performance of such air-heaters compared to the other designs of solar air heaters. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Friction factor; Heat transfer; Obstacle; Solar air heater; Thermo-hydraulic performance	Aspect ratio; Heat transfer; Reynolds number; Solar equipment; Angle of Incidence; Better performance; Friction factors; Longitudinal pitch; Obstacle; Performance characteristics; Solar air heater; Thermo-hydraulic performance; Solar heating	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928239277	Asymmetric impacts of the determinants of energy intensity in Nigeria	Adom P.K.	2015	Energy Economics	49	None	10.1016/j.eneco.2015.03.027	Centre for Environmental and Resource Economics (CERE), Department of Forest Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden; Department of Banking and Finance, University of Professional Studies, Accra, Ghana	Adom, P.K., Centre for Environmental and Resource Economics (CERE), Department of Forest Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden, Department of Banking and Finance, University of Professional Studies, Accra, Ghana	This study analysed the problem of energy intensity determinants in Nigeria based on the fully modified OLS and canonical cointegration regressions. These methods were preferred since they are able to deal effectively with the second-order bias problems, an often characteristics of time series data. The impacts of price of crude oil, FDI, trade openness and industry structure are asymmetric which suggests the presence of structural effects in parameters. The impact of crude oil price is negative but becomes stronger post-1989 saving .126% more in energy consumption relative to pre-1989. Also, the impacts of FDI and trade openness are negative and significant but become stronger post-1989 saving 11.2% and 0.8% more in energy consumption relative to the baseline, respectively for every one percentage point increase in FDI and trade openness. The impact of industry value-added is positive and significant but weakens after 1989 consuming 1.8% less in energy for every one percentage point increase in industry value-added relative to the baseline. The energy reducing effect of industry value-added post-1989 reflects improvements in the technical characteristics of industrial sector in Nigeria. Last, the result showed that the absorptive capability and industry characteristics of Nigeria are important determinants of how FDI affects energy intensity. This implies that a more integrated FDI programme (considering the country characteristics) rather than a 'one-fit-all' programme is preferable. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Absorptive capability; Asymmetric effects; Energy intensity; Nigeria	Commerce; Crude oil; Oil shale; Absorptive capability; Asymmetric effects; Energy intensity; Industrial sector; Industry characteristics; Industry structures; Nigeria; Percentage points; Energy utilization; consumption behavior; crude oil; energy market; foreign direct investment; industrial structure; price dynamics; regression analysis; time series; trade; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33947420822	Evaluation of cooking energy cost, efficiency, impact on air pollution and policy in Nigeria	Anozie A.N., Bakare A.R., Sonibare J.A., Oyebisi T.O.	2007	Energy	32	7	10.1016/j.energy.2006.07.004	Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, P.O. Box 013, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Technology Planning and Development Unit, Obafemi Awolowo University, P.O. Box 013, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Anozie, A.N., Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, P.O. Box 013, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Bakare, A.R., Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, P.O. Box 013, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Sonibare, J.A., Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, P.O. Box 013, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Oyebisi, T.O., Technology Planning and Development Unit, Obafemi Awolowo University, P.O. Box 013, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	This study evaluated the cooking energy costs and efficiencies, the air pollution impacts of cooking energy consumption and the impact of the energy policy in the cooking energy sector in Nigeria. Water boiling and cooking experiments using the common cooking energy sources (fuel wood, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and electricity) and common food items (water, yam and beans) were carried out. Energy surveys were carried out to determine the cooking energy use patterns in the urban and rural areas. It was found that fuel wood is the least expensive cooking energy source and LPG is the most expensive. Energy use efficiencies for boiling water were estimated at 25%, 46%, 73%, 79%, 66% and 90% for fuel wood, kerosene, gas, electric immersion coil, electric heating coil and electric hot plate, respectively. Energy intensity was found to be a comparative measure of energy efficiency. The impacts of air pollution from household cooking suggested a possibility of significant air pollutants contribution to the ambient environment using any of the energy carriers considered except electricity. The cooking energy use patterns showed that fuel wood is the predominant energy source for cooking in the rural areas while kerosene is the predominant energy source in the urban areas, revealing that the energy policy in the country had made no impact in the cooking energy sector. Recommendations for improving the energy supply situation were given and for removing the barriers that prevent the implementation of the recommendations. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Cooking energy; Cost; Efficiency; Impact on air pollution; Policy	Energy efficiency; Energy policy; Energy utilization; Kerosene; Liquefied petroleum gas; Air pollutants; Cooking energy; Energy carriers; Air pollution; Air pollution; Energy efficiency; Energy policy; Energy utilization; Kerosene; Liquefied petroleum gas; atmospheric pollution; energy conservation; energy efficiency; energy policy; fuel consumption; fuelwood; household energy; liquefied petroleum gas; rural area; urban area; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Dioscorea alata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33947381764	Effect of flow maldistribution on thermal performance of a solar air heater array with subcollectors in parallel	Karwa R., Karwa N., Misra R., Agarwal P.C.	2007	Energy	32	7	10.1016/j.energy.2006.08.002	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 385, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110 016, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, 342 011, India	Karwa, R., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 385, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Karwa, N., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110 016, India; Misra, R., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, 342 011, India; Agarwal, P.C., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, 342 011, India	This paper presents results of a theoretical study carried out to investigate the effect of flow maldistribution, caused by the manufacturing imperfections and tolerances, on the thermal efficiency of a solar air heater array with subcollectors in parallel. The air mass flow rate, ambient temperature, solar insolation and wind heat transfer coefficient have been systematically varied to study the effect under a wide range of these parameters. The collector length, duct height, and plate emissivity were also changed to study their effect. It has been found that the maximum reduction in thermal efficiency due to flow maldistribution is less than about 3% for an array with a commercial grade finish of duct surfaces and ±10% manufacturing tolerance for the duct height. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Flow imbalance; Solar air heater array; Subcollectors in parallel; Thermal performance	Heat transfer coefficients; Natural convection; Solar collectors; Thermal effects; Flow imbalance; Solar air heater array; Subcollectors in parallel; Thermal performance; Solar heating; Heat transfer coefficients; Natural convection; Solar collectors; Solar heating; Thermal effects; air mass; flow pattern; performance assessment; photovoltaic system	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67349105019	Thermal performance of a small oil-in-glass tube thermal energy storage system during charging	Mawire A., McPherson M., van den Heetkamp R.R.J.	2009	Energy	34	7	10.1016/j.energy.2009.02.016	Department of Physics and Electronics, North West University (Mafikeng Campus), Priv. Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa; McPherso Academic Consulting, Postnet Suite 194, Private Bag X2230, Mafikeng South 2791, South Africa	Mawire, A., Department of Physics and Electronics, North West University (Mafikeng Campus), Priv. Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa; McPherson, M., McPherso Academic Consulting, Postnet Suite 194, Private Bag X2230, Mafikeng South 2791, South Africa; van den Heetkamp, R.R.J., Department of Physics and Electronics, North West University (Mafikeng Campus), Priv. Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa	A very small oil-in-glass tube thermal energy storage (TES) system is designed to allow for rapid heat transfer experiments. An electrical hot plate in thermal contact with a steel spiral coil (SSC) is used to charge the TES system under different hot plate temperatures and under different average charging flow rates. Thermal performance during charging is presented in terms of the axial temperature distribution, the axial degree of thermal stratification, the total energy stored and the total exergy stored. The energy and exergy delivery rates of the energy delivery device (EDD) are also evaluated in relation to the thermal performance of the storage system. Results of charging the storage system under different hot plate temperatures indicate that there is an optimal charging temperature for optimal thermal performance. The results also indicate that exceeding this optimal temperature leads to a degradation of the thermal performance due to increased heat losses. Charging at the same temperature conditions under different flow rate regimes suggests that there is an optimal charging flow rate. This optimal flow rate is a compromise between achieving a greater heat transfer rate in the EDD and achieving a greater degree of thermal stratification in the TES system. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Charging; Energy; Exergy; Oil-in-glass tube; Thermal energy storage; Thermal performance	Charging; Energy; Energy and exergy; Energy delivery; Glass tubes; Heat transfer rate; Hot plate temperature; Hot plates; Oil-in-glass tube; Optimal flows; Optimal temperature; Spiral coils; Storage systems; Temperature conditions; Thermal contact; Thermal energy storage systems; Thermal performance; Total energy; Exergy; Flow rate; Flywheels; Glass; Heat exchangers; Heat storage; Nanosensors; Optimization; Thermal energy; Thermal stratification; Tubes (components); Mixed convection; design; exergy; heat transfer; performance assessment; steel; storage; thermal power; Helicodiscus bonamicus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867234287	Optimum performance of the small-scale open and direct solar thermal Brayton cycle at various environmental conditions and constraints	Le Roux W.G., Bello-Ochende T., Meyer J.P.	2012	Energy	46	1	10.1016/j.energy.2012.03.034	Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa	Le Roux, W.G., Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; Bello-Ochende, T., Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; Meyer, J.P., Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa	The Brayton cycle's heat source can be obtained from solar energy instead of the combustion of fuel. The irreversibilities of the open and direct solar thermal Brayton cycle with recuperator are mainly due to heat transfer across a finite temperature difference and fluid friction, which limit the net power output of such a system. In this work, the method of total entropy generation minimisation is applied to optimise the geometries of the receiver and recuperator at various steady-state weather conditions. For each steady-state weather condition, the optimum turbine operating point is also found. The authors specifically investigate the effect of wind and solar irradiance on the maximum net power output of the system. The effects of other conditions and constraints, on the maximum net power output, are also investigated. These include concentrator error, concentrator reflectivity and maximum allowable surface temperature of the receiver. Results show how changed solar beam irradiance and wind speed affect the system net power output and optimum operating point of the micro-turbine. A dish concentrator with fixed focal length, an off-the-shelf micro-turbine and a modified cavity receiver is considered. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.	Brayton; Geometry; Optimum; Receiver; Recuperator; Solar	Brayton; Direct solar; Dish concentrator; Environmental conditions; Finite temperature differences; Fluid friction; Focal lengths; Heat sources; Micro turbine; Modified cavity receiver; Operating points; Optimum; Optimum performance; Power out put; Solar; Solar beam; Solar irradiances; Surface temperatures; System net; Total entropy; Weather conditions; Wind speed; Brayton cycle; Concentration (process); Entropy; Fuels; Geometry; Meteorology; Receivers (containers); Recuperators; Solar heating; Thermoelectric power; combustion; environmental conditions; error analysis; geometry; irradiance; optimization; performance assessment; power generation; renewable resource; solar cycle; steady-state equilibrium	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749467285	Residual stresses and fatigue performance	James M.N., Hughes D.J., Chen Z., Lombard H., Hattingh D.G., Asquith D., Yates J.R., Webster P.J.	2007	Engineering Failure Analysis	14	2	10.1016/j.engfailanal.2006.02.011	School of Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, United Kingdom; FaME38, ILL, ESRF, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, 6000, South Africa; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, United Kingdom; Institute for Materials Research, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, United Kingdom	James, M.N., School of Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, United Kingdom; Hughes, D.J., FaME38, ILL, ESRF, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France; Chen, Z., FaME38, ILL, ESRF, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France; Lombard, H., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, 6000, South Africa; Hattingh, D.G., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, 6000, South Africa; Asquith, D., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, United Kingdom; Yates, J.R., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, United Kingdom; Webster, P.J., Institute for Materials Research, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, United Kingdom	Residual stresses are an inescapable consequence of manufacturing and fabrication processes, with magnitudes that are often a high proportion of the yield or proof strength. Despite this, their incorporation into life prediction is primarily handled through sweeping assumptions or conservative application of statistics. This can lead to highly conservative fatigue design methodologies or unforeseen failures under dynamic loading. The pull from the desire for higher levels of materials performance, coupled with the push of more sophisticated techniques for residual stress measurement, favours a reassessment of the accuracy of assumptions made about residual stresses and their modification during fatigue cycling. A viewpoint is also emerging that the fatigue performance of welded joints might be optimised through careful process control, coupled with understanding of the relative positions of, and interaction between, residual stress peaks, weld defects, hardness and microstructure. This paper will present information regarding the residual stress profiles in aluminium and steel welds, and in shot peened aluminium, obtained via synchrotron and neutron diffraction at the ESRF-ILL in Grenoble. Certain specimens were then subjected to specific cases of fatigue loading and the residual stress field was again measured. Difficulties associated with determining the strain-free lattice spacing will be mentioned, and the potential import of these data for life prediction modelling will be considered. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Fatigue performance; Residual stress; Shot peening; Synchrotron and neutron diffraction; Welded joints	Fatigue loading; Strain-free lattice spacing; Welded joints; Aluminum; Fatigue of materials; Mathematical models; Residual stresses; Shot peening; Steel; Welds; Failure analysis; Aluminum; Failure analysis; Fatigue of materials; Mathematical models; Residual stresses; Shot peening; Steel; Welds	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052775609	Thermo-mechanical fatigue damage and failure of modern high performance diesel pistons	Floweday G., Petrov S., Tait R.B., Press J.	2011	Engineering Failure Analysis	18	7	10.1016/j.engfailanal.2011.02.002	Sasol Advanced Fuels Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Origen Engineering Solutions, Cape Town, South Africa	Floweday, G., Sasol Advanced Fuels Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Petrov, S., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Tait, R.B., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Press, J., Origen Engineering Solutions, Cape Town, South Africa	This study resulted from an engineering failure investigation related to diesel engine piston failures which occurred during a bench dynamometer engine durability test programme. The test programme aimed at evaluating the effects of various fuel types on the durability of fuel system components in passenger car diesel engines. A number of unexpected cylinder head, turbocharger and piston failures were experienced during the course of the test programme. This study focused on the cause of the piston failures experienced during these tests.Analyses of the fractured pistons revealed that thermo-mechanical fatigue initiation occurred as a result of primary silicon phase cracking and subsequent micro-crack formation due to excessive thermo-mechanical loading. Progressive formations of such micro-cracks lead to flaws that were of sufficient magnitude to initiate propagation by high cycle fatigue mechanisms.The investigation also revealed that the excessive thermo-mechanical piston loading was caused by over-fuelling and a combination of elevated and poorly controlled post intercooler air temperature. There was no evidence to suggest that the failures were related to the test fuel formulations. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	Cracking; Failure; Fatigue; Fracture; Piston	Air temperature; Cylinder head; Damage and failure; Engine durability; Engineering failures; Fuel formulation; Fuel types; High cycle fatigue; Intercoolers; Microcrack formation; Modern high performance; Piston failure; Primary silicon; System components; Test programme; Thermo-mechanical; Thermo-mechanical loading; Thermomechanical fatigue; Automobiles; Cracks; Diesel engines; Durability; Engines; Fatigue damage; Fracture; Fuels; Pistons; Engine pistons	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79957638886	Discrete fracture in high performance fibre reinforced concrete materials	Denneman E., Wu R., Kearsley E.P., Visser A.T.	2011	Engineering Fracture Mechanics	78	10	10.1016/j.engfracmech.2011.04.008	University of California Pavement Research Center, 1353 South 46th Street, Bldg. 452, Richmond, CA 94804, United States; Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; CSIR Built Environment, Meiring Naudé Road, Pretoria, 0184, South Africa	Denneman, E., University of California Pavement Research Center, 1353 South 46th Street, Bldg. 452, Richmond, CA 94804, United States, CSIR Built Environment, Meiring Naudé Road, Pretoria, 0184, South Africa; Wu, R., University of California Pavement Research Center, 1353 South 46th Street, Bldg. 452, Richmond, CA 94804, United States; Kearsley, E.P., Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Visser, A.T., Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	In this paper a simple, but effective methodology to simulate opening mode fracture in high performance fibre reinforced concrete is presented. The main contribution of the paper is a technique to extrapolate the load displacement curves of three point bending experiments on fibre reinforced concrete. The extrapolation allows the full work of fracture to be determined, from which the fracture energy may be obtained. The fracture energy is used in the definition of a cohesive softening function with crack tip singularity. The softening relation is implemented in an embedded discontinuity method, which is employed for the numerical simulation of three point bending experiments. The experimental work includes a size effect study on three point bending specimens. The numerical simulation provides a satisfactory prediction of the flexural behaviour and the size effect observed in the experiments. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	Civil engineering structures; Concrete; Crack tip singularity; Embedded discontinuity method; Fibre reinforced materials	Civil engineering structures; Discrete fractures; Embedded discontinuity; Embedded discontinuity method; Fibre reinforced concrete; Fibre reinforced materials; High-performance fibres; Load-displacement curve; Numerical simulation; Opening mode fracture; Satisfactory predictions; Size effects; Three point bending; Three-point-bending experiments; Work of fracture; Civil engineering; Computer simulation; Concrete buildings; Crack tips; Cracks; Experiments; Extrapolation; Fibers; Fracture; Fracture energy; Numerical methods; Reinforced concrete; Fiber reinforced materials	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875808744	Impact delamination testing of fibre reinforced polymers using Hopkinson Pressure Bars	Govender R.A., Langdon G.S., Nurick G.N., Cloete T.J.	2013	Engineering Fracture Mechanics	101	None	10.1016/j.engfracmech.2012.07.025	Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Govender, R.A., Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Langdon, G.S., Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Nurick, G.N., Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Cloete, T.J., Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	High rate delamination tests are often performed using high speed servo-hydraulic or drop-weight test frames. However, impact induced stress wave propagation in the specimen, load cell and test frame often results in oscillations in the force readings which can obscure specimen response. The Hopkinson Pressure Bar provides a means of measuring impact forces and velocities that accounts for stress wave propagation, but is typically used where forces are relatively high and deflections to failure are relatively low. A modified Hopkinson Pressure Bar apparatus was developed to conduct delamination tests, based on Three Point Bend Test geometry, at impact velocities of the order of 5-10. m/s, with specimen deflections to failure approaching 10. mm. This apparatus was used to test the delamination response of Glass Fibre reinforced Polypropylene specimens, using the mixed Mode I-Mode II Single Leg Bend delamination test. The shape of the force-deflection curve differed dramatically between quasi-static and impact tests. Finite Element Analysis, using cohesive zone elements to capture delamination, was used to elucidate the different response of the quasi-static and impact delamination tests. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.	Delamination; Fibre reinforced polymer; Strain rate	Cohesive zone element; Delamination testing; Fibre reinforced polymers; Force-deflection curves; Glass fibre reinforced; Hopkinson pressure bar; Stress wave propagation; Three point bend tests; Bridge decks; Fiber reinforced plastics; Finite element method; Glass fibers; Polypropylenes; Reinforced plastics; Strain rate; Delamination	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-28244443379	Landslides in Sado Island of Japan: Part I. Case studies, monitoring techniques and environmental considerations	Ayalew L., Yamagishi H., Marui H., Kanno T.	2005	Engineering Geology	81	4	10.1016/j.enggeo.2005.08.005	Department of Environmental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan; Research Institute for Hazards in Snowy Areas, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan; Kawasaki Geological Engineering Consultant Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; Addis Ababa University, Department of Earth Science, P.O. Box 1176, Addis, Ababa, Ethiopia	Ayalew, L., Department of Environmental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan, Addis Ababa University, Department of Earth Science, P.O. Box 1176, Addis, Ababa, Ethiopia; Yamagishi, H., Department of Environmental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan; Marui, H., Research Institute for Hazards in Snowy Areas, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan; Kanno, T., Kawasaki Geological Engineering Consultant Ltd., Tokyo, Japan	A sufficient knowledge on the kinematics and development of landslides helps to adopt proper measures that can be used to protect slopes and the environment in general. This can be achieved by adequate monitoring programs. This paper presents the findings of intensive monitoring activities carried out on Shiidomari and Katanoo landslides found in Sado Island of Japan. More than one year of observation of the two landslides allowed defining some peculiar futures of their kinematics and style of development. The problem of slope instability in the two areas is generally accredited to various factors. But, both landslides were triggered by heavy rainfalls and snowmelt. Because of the outline of the area and the presence of relict topographic features, the Shiidomari landslide is considered to be a large-scale reactivation of old slope failures. The Katanoo landslide is, however, a first-time case. Geophysical investigations and drilling activities in Shiidomari indicated the presence of two slip planes. The deepest (80-100 m) of these is controlled by existing lineaments. Monitoring data suggests that the body of the landslide has subsided as much as 1.16 m just below the main scarp, but a centimeter in the central region. The toe sector also experienced a significant amount of subsidence, but this was counter-balanced by an uplift on the opposite side of the landslide. Hence, the landslide seems not any more active along the deepest slip surface, although it may extend upward and define a series of shallow shear planes around the crown. In the case of Katanoo, the landform characteristics, differential weathering, the road cut and groundwater fluctuations appeared to contribute much to determine the exact location of the landslide. Extensional cracks that preceded the landslide can be related to heavy rainfalls and the cold and warm cycles thereafter. Subsurface investigations and monitoring works indicated that the landslide has two slide blocks with different slip planes. During the observation period, the upper part of the landslide responded more effectively to rainfall and snowmelt than the middle and lower sections. The corresponding movements, however, appeared to settle about three months after failure. There were also little strain transmissions in boreholes and no significant change in the characteristics of the landslide. The kinematics of deformation of many of the slopes in Sado Island resembles that of Shiidomari landslide. But mass movements along highways and mountain roads are usually similar to Katanoo. Landslides of the type like Shiidomari may not show sudden and drastic failures, but are usually long lasting and can reactivate repeatedly along new, shallow shear planes. Monitoring works and long-term supervisions in these types of landslides are useful to identify impending failures and take the right measures before they brought about large-scale destruction to the environment. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Environment; Landslide; Monitoring; Sado, Japan	Environmental impact; Geophysics; Monitoring; Slope stability; Subsidence; Weathering; Differential weathering; Slope failures; Landslides; kinematics; landslide; monitoring; Asia; Eastern Hemisphere; Eurasia; Far East; Japan; World	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-23844552375	Damage, deterioration and the long-term structural performance of cooling-tower shells: A survey of developments over the past 50 years	Bamu P.C., Zingoni A.	2005	Engineering Structures	27	12 SPEC. ISS.	10.1016/j.engstruct.2005.04.020	Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701 Cape Town, South Africa	Bamu, P.C., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701 Cape Town, South Africa; Zingoni, A., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701 Cape Town, South Africa	The last 50 years have seen a gradual shift in trend in research on concrete hyperbolic cooling-tower shells, from the issues of response to short-term loading and immediate causes of collapse in the early part of this period, to the issues of deterioration phenomena, durability and long-term performance in more recent times. This paper traces these developments. After a revisit of some historical collapses of cooling-tower shells, and a brief consideration of condition surveys and repair programmes instituted in the aftermath of these events, focus shifts to the important question of damage and deterioration, and progress made over the past 30 years in the understanding of these phenomena. In particular, much research has gone into the modelling of cracking and geometric imperfections, which have a considerable effect on the load-carrying capacity of the shell, and are also manifestations of long-term deterioration. While structural monitoring of the progression of deterioration in cooling-tower shells, and the accurate prediction of this through appropriate numerical models, will always be important, the thinking now seems to be shifting towards designing for durability right from the outset. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Concrete cracking; Cooling towers; Damage modelling; Deterioration phenomena; Durability; Long-term performance; Shell imperfections; Shell structures	Cooling towers; Crack initiation; Defects; Deterioration; Durability; Mathematical models; Performance; Reinforced concrete; Concrete cracking; Cooling tower shells; Damage modelling; Deterioration phenomena; Long term performance; Shell imperfections; Shells (structures); structural analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054900405	The influence of separation distance on the performance of perforated plates as a blast wave shielding technique	Langdon G.S., Nurick G.N., du Plessis N.J.	2011	Engineering Structures	33	12	10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.07.017	Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Langdon, G.S., Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Nurick, G.N., Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; du Plessis, N.J., Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	This article presents the results of an experimental investigation into the performance of perforated plates as a blast wave mitigation method in tunnel-like structures. Combinations of three different blockage ratios and three different separation distances (defined as the distance between the perforated plates and target plates) were used during the blast experiments to ascertain the influence of the two variables, while the charge to target plate stand-off distance was kept constant. The results were compared to those obtained during similar test work at a lower separation distance of 25 mm, and also to baseline experiments with no perforated plate at a similar stand-off distance. Results of the blast tests showed that the perforated plates with higher blockage ratios reduced the damage imparted to the target plate. This effect was more significant at the lower separation distances. Increasing the separation distance also reduced the damage for a given blockage ratio and impulse. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	Blast loading; Mitigation; Perforated plates; Plastic deformation	Blast loading; Blast waves; Blockage ratio; Experimental investigations; Mitigation; Mitigation methods; Separation distances; Stand-off; Target plates; Experiments; Perforated plates; blasting; experimental study; loading; plastic deformation; structural component	None
None	None	Village electrification technologies - An evaluation of photovoltaic cells and compact fluorescent lamps and their applicability in rural villages based on a Tanzanian case study	Gullberg M., Ilskog E., Katyega M., Kjellström B.	2005	Energy Policy	33	10	10.1016/j.enpol.2003.12.005	Royal Institute of Technology, Avdelningen Byggnadsteknik, Brinellvagen 34, Stockholm S-100 44, Sweden; Luleå University of Technology, Luleå S-971 87, Sweden; Tanzania Elec. Supply Company Ltd., P.O. Box 9024, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Gullberg, M., Royal Institute of Technology, Avdelningen Byggnadsteknik, Brinellvagen 34, Stockholm S-100 44, Sweden; Ilskog, E., Luleå University of Technology, Luleå S-971 87, Sweden; Katyega, M., Tanzania Elec. Supply Company Ltd., P.O. Box 9024, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Kjellström, B., Luleå University of Technology, Luleå S-971 87, Sweden	Electrification of remote sites in developing countries is often realised trough diesel generator sets and an electric distribution network. This was also the technology used in the village Urambo, where the first rural electrification co-operative in Tanzania was started in 1994. Climate change however calls for decreased fossil fuel combustion worldwide and new technologies have been further developed since the erection of the diesel generator sets in Urambo. It is therefore not obvious that electrification of other rural areas shall follow the Urambo example. In this article, the situation for 250 electricity consumers in Urambo will be demonstrated and the implications for them of introducing new technologies will be evaluated. Technology options regarded in the study are individual photovoltaic (PV) power systems and either incandescent lamps, tube lights or compact fluorescent lights (CFLs) supplied by diesel generation. The different options have been evaluated with respect to consumer costs and environmental impact. The results of the comparison show that PV generation is able to compete with diesel generation if combined with incandescent lamps, but not when tube lights or CFLs are used in the conventional supply system. It should be noted, however, that while the diesel option offer financially more attractive solutions, individual PV systems do not result in any CO2 emissions. Furthermore, PV systems normally have a higher reliability. However, since the diesel option is not only cheaper but also offers a wider range of energy services and facilitates, future connection to the national electric grid, the conclusion is that this is preferable before individual PV systems for communities similar to Urambo, if the consumers shall pay the full cost of the service. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Rural electrification; Tanzania; Technologies	Climate change; Combustion; Costs; Electric generators; Electric power distribution; Environmental impact; Fluorescent lamps; Fossil fuels; Incandescent lamps; Reliability; Compact fluorescent lights (CFL); Diesel generators; Photovoltaic power systems; Tanzania; Photovoltaic cells; alternative energy; photovoltaic system; resource development; rural electrification; solar power; technological development; Africa; East Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tanzania; World	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845372104	The development impact of solar cookers: A review of solar cooking impact research in South Africa	Wentzel M., Pouris A.	2007	Energy Policy	35	3	10.1016/j.enpol.2006.06.002	Institute for Technological Innovation, Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, PO Box 11906, Queenswood, Pretoria, 0121, South Africa; Institute for Technological Innovation, Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, Lynwood Road, South Africa	Wentzel, M., Institute for Technological Innovation, Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, PO Box 11906, Queenswood, Pretoria, 0121, South Africa; Pouris, A., Institute for Technological Innovation, Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, Lynwood Road, South Africa	Solar cooking is often considered "a solution looking for a problem". Solar cookers have long been presented as an interesting solution to the world's problem of dwindling fuel wood sources and other environmental problems associated with wood fuel demand for cooking. However, recent GTZ field work in South Africa showed different benefits instead: the use of solar cookers resulted in appreciable fuel and time savings as well as increased energy security for households using commercial fuels. These observations are based on field tests in South Africa that started in 1996 to investigate the social acceptability of solar cookers and to facilitate local production and commercialisation of the technology. Impact studies and use rate studies have been carried out by a number of different organisations since the inception of the project and although commercialisation of the technology has not been achieved to its fullest potential, impact studies indicate that solar cookers have a positive development impact on households through fuel-, energy- and time savings. The article aims to summarise the findings of the various studies and present an overview of use rates and impact data. A variety of factors influence solar cooker use rates, which in turn determine impacts. Some factors are related to the user, some to the environment in which the cooker is used and some to the cooker itself. Ultimately, the data shows that on average, only 17% of solar cooker owners do not use their stoves after purchase and that active solar cooker users utilise their stoves on average for 31% of their cooking incidences. Since the majority of solar stove buyers actually use their stoves and obtain real benefits, this suggests that that solar cookers are indeed not a solution looking for a problem but a solution worth promoting. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Developing impacts; Household energy; Solar cooking	Economic and social effects; Energy resources; Environmental impact; Social aspects; Wood fuels; Household energy; Solar cooking; Solar equipment; alternative energy; household energy; solar cooker; solar power; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-46249085712	Monitoring and evaluation of energy for development: The good, the bad and the questionable in M&E practice	Annecke W.	2008	Energy Policy	36	8	10.1016/j.enpol.2008.02.043	The Green Building, Westlake Park, Cape Town 7945, South Africa	Annecke, W., The Green Building, Westlake Park, Cape Town 7945, South Africa	This paper reflects on the debates and the practices involved in monitoring and evaluating energy for development projects which led to the formulation of "A Guide to Monitoring and Evaluation for Energy Projects" by an international working group. Another purpose of the paper is to invite energy policy-makers, planners and implementers to engage with the meaning of good practice in monitoring and evaluation in the energy sector and the capacity building necessary to achieve this. This paper begins with definitions of monitoring and evaluation and discusses the reasons for conducting such studies and the benefits to be gained. This paper then highlights selected approaches to monitoring and evaluation and the conditions under which each might be useful, and how and by whom lessons are to be learned. Attention is paid to key elements of monitoring and evaluation such as the development of indicators and the measurement of impacts. In the light of the many failed energy projects, this paper closes with some suggestions of how monitoring and evaluation processes and capacity may be improved. © 2008.	Energy for development; Evaluation; Monitoring	Chemical modification; Energy policy; Paper; (I ,J) conditions; Capacity building; Development projects; Energy projected; Energy sectors; evaluation processes; good practice; International (CO); Key elements; Policy-makers; Working group (WG); Monitoring; capacity building; development project; energy planning; energy policy; monitoring; policy making	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-71649088273	Biomethanol production from gasification of non-woody plant in South Africa: Optimum scale and economic performance	Amigun B., Gorgens J., Knoetze H.	2010	Energy Policy	38	1	10.1016/j.enpol.2009.09.020	Sustainable Energy Futures, Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa; Process Engineering Department, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa	Amigun, B., Sustainable Energy Futures, Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa, Process Engineering Department, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa; Gorgens, J., Process Engineering Department, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa; Knoetze, H., Process Engineering Department, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa	Methanol production from biomass is a promising carbon neutral fuel, well suited for use in fuel cell vehicles (FCVs), as transportation fuel and as chemical building block. The concept used in this study incorporates an innovative Absorption Enhanced Reforming (AER) gasification process, which enables an efficient conversion of biomass into a hydrogen-rich gas (syngas) and then, uses the Mitsubishi methanol converter (superconverter) for methanol synthesis. Technical and economic prospects for production of methanol have been evaluated. The methanol plants described have a biomass input between 10 and 2000 MWth. The economy of the methanol production plants is very dependent on the production capacity and large-scale facilities are required to benefit from economies of scale. However, large-scale plants are likely to have higher transportation costs per unit biomass transported as a result of longer transportation distances. Analyses show that lower unit investment costs accompanying increased production scale outweighs the cost for transporting larger quantities of biomass. The unit cost of methanol production mostly depends on the capital investments. The total unit cost of methanol is found to decrease from about 10.66 R/l for a 10 MWth to about 6.44 R/l for a 60 MWth and 3.95 R/l for a 400 MWth methanol plant. The unit costs stabilise (a near flat profile was observed) for plant sizes between 400 and 2000 MWth, but the unit cost do however continue to decrease to about 2.89 R/l for a 2000 MWth plant. Long term cost reduction mainly resides in technological learning and large-scale production. Therefore, technology development towards large-scale technology that takes into account sustainable biomass production could be a better choice due to economic reasons. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Gasification; Methanol; Syngas	Biomass productions; Capital investment; Carbon neutral fuel; Chemical building blocks; Economic performance; Economic prospects; Economies of scale; Fuel cell vehicles; Gasification process; Hydrogen-rich gas; Investment costs; Large-scale production; Long term; Methanol plants; Methanol production; Methanol synthesis; Mitsubishi; Per unit; Plant size; Production capacity; Production scale; South Africa; Syn-gas; Technological learning; Technology development; Transportation cost; Transportation distance; Transportation fuels; Unit cost; Woody plants; Biomass; Costs; Economics; Forestry; Fuel cells; Gas absorption; Gas generators; Gasification; Investments; Methanol; Synthesis gas manufacture; Technological forecasting; Cost benefit analysis; alternative fuel; biomass power; economy of scale; fuel; methanol; production cost; sustainable development; technological development; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650416121	Impact of oil price shocks on selected macroeconomic variables in Nigeria	Iwayemi A., Fowowe B.	2011	Energy Policy	39	2	10.1016/j.enpol.2010.10.033	Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Iwayemi, A., Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Fowowe, B., Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The impact of oil price shocks on the macroeconomy has received a great deal of attention since the 1970. s. Initially, many empirical studies found a significant negative effect between oil price shocks and GDP but more recently, empirical studies have reported an insignificant relationship between oil shocks and the macroeconomy. A key feature of existing research is that it applies predominantly to advanced, oil-importing countries. For oil-exporting countries, different conclusions are expected but this can only be ascertained empirically. This study conducts an empirical analysis of the effects of oil price shocks on a developing country oil-exporter-Nigeria. Our findings showed that oil price shocks do not have a major impact on most macroeconomic variables in Nigeria. The results of the Granger-causality tests, impulse response functions, and variance decomposition analysis all showed that different measures of linear and positive oil shocks have not caused output, government expenditure, inflation, and the real exchange rate. The tests support the existence of asymmetric effects of oil price shocks because we find that negative oil shocks significantly cause output and the real exchange rate. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.	Nigeria; Nonlinear models; Oil price shocks	Empirical analysis; Empirical studies; Government expenditure; Granger Causality; Impulse response functions; Key feature; Macroeconomic variables; Nigeria; Non-linear model; Oil price shocks; Oil shock; Real exchange rate; Variance decomposition; Developing countries; Impulse response; Costs; asymmetry; decomposition analysis; empirical analysis; Granger causality test; hydrocarbon resource; macroeconomics; nonlinearity; numerical model; oil supply; oil trade; resource development; Nigeria	None
WoS	WOS:000305201600009	Measuring and monitoring energy access: Decision-support tools for policymakers in Africa	Hailu, Yohannes G.	2012	ENERGY POLICY	47	None	10.1016/j.enpol.2012.03.065	United Nations Econ Commiss Africa ECA	None	A significant number of African States have adapted energy access targets. In evaluating progress towards these goals, measuring and monitoring energy access becomes relevant. This paper reviews energy access indicators and identifies their utility and challenges in their application. By focusing on Africa, a broader framework for energy access measurement and monitoring is discussed. along with implementation barriers and potential solutions. To demonstrate the utility of energy access decision-support tool in Africa, a scenario analysis in five regional energy pools is conducted using the Energy Spending Model tool. Institutionalizing monitoring and decision-support tools can provide valuable feedback to policymakers aiming to design and implement effective energy access programs serving a growing population in Africa. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	"DECISION SUPPORT","energy access","policy targets",URBAN-POOR	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877141991	Paradoxical impacts of electricity on life in a rural South African village	Matinga M.N., Annegarn H.J.	2013	Energy Policy	58	None	10.1016/j.enpol.2013.03.016	University of Twente, PO Box 217, Enschede, 7500AE, Netherlands; SeTAR Centre, APB Campus, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, APK Campus, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa	Matinga, M.N., University of Twente, PO Box 217, Enschede, 7500AE, Netherlands, SeTAR Centre, APB Campus, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Annegarn, H.J., SeTAR Centre, APB Campus, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa, Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, APK Campus, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa	Debates on the nexus between energy and development emphasise that access to modern energy carriers such as electricity improve development outcomes. This paper discusses the impacts of electrification on educational outcomes, gender and power relations, income generation, feelings of inclusion and exclusion and health in the village of Tsilitwa in the rural Eastern Cape, South Africa. It is based on an ethnographic grounded theory study conducted in 2009. The paper shows that the impacts of electricity may not match the benefits cited in the literature, and are not experienced in the same way by everyone in the community. The study uncovers the weakness of ignoring individual and group agency, and the complexity of social settings when advocating interventions to improve quality of life. The paper recommends that researchers and policymakers consider using ethnographic methods to complement other methods and reveal context and its implications on the energy-development nexus that other methods may not capture. Linkages between energy and development outcomes are complex and not deterministic. Ethnography better reveals the complex relationship between energy and development. People's contexts affect whether, how and who benefits from energy access. Benefits like sense of worth and inclusion are often neglected in development. Electrification can have negative impacts such as rising sense of income disparity. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Developmental impacts; Electrification; Household	Complex relationships; Developmental impacts; Electrification; Ethnographic methods; Household; Inclusion and exclusions; Income generation; Social settings; Electric utilities; Rural areas; Electricity; complexity; education; gender relations; income distribution; power relations; quality of life; rural electrification; social exclusion; social inclusion; village; Eastern Cape; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873321347	Considering effective adaptation options to impacts of climate change for maize production in Ghana	Tachie-Obeng E., Akponikpè P.B.I., Adiku S.	2013	Environmental Development	5	1	10.1016/j.envdev.2012.11.008	Environmental Protection Agency, P.O. Box MB 326 Accra, Ghana; Environmental Soil Physics and Hydraulics Unit, Université de Parakou, 03 BP 351, Parakou Université, Benin; University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 70, Legon Accra, Ghana	Tachie-Obeng, E., Environmental Protection Agency, P.O. Box MB 326 Accra, Ghana; Akponikpè, P.B.I., Environmental Soil Physics and Hydraulics Unit, Université de Parakou, 03 BP 351, Parakou Université, Benin; Adiku, S., University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 70, Legon Accra, Ghana	As a contribution to guide policy planning, effective climate change adaptation options to enhance maize production in Ghana were examined. The Agricultural Production Systems Simulator crop model, coupled with statistical downscaled climate scenarios of 9 general circulation models (GCMs) and farmer practices, were used to device adaptation options in the near future (NF) period of 2046-2065 based on IPCC A2 emission scenario at local scale level in Wa and Wenchi agricultural areas of Ghana. Results from the single-maize cropping season at Wa, in the savanna zone indicate that, a 6-week delay in sowing from 1961 to 2000 baseline date of 1st May to 15th June, was the most appropriate way to offset the negative effects of potential climate change resulting in a yield increase of 8.2%. In the forest-savanna transitional zone of Wenchi, a 4-week delay in the major season sowing date from 15th March to 15th April and no change in the minor season sowing date of 15th August resulted in a slight yield increase of 3.9%. On the other hand, a second adaptation option of using a medium heat-tolerant maize variety produced substantial gains in crop yield of 30.1% and 30.5% in savanna and forest-savanna transitional zones respectively with a longer grain-formation period under NF climate change when compared to delaying sowing dates. Effective adaptation options can thus reduce negative impacts of climate change in the NF, but require enabling policy to support its implementation. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	Adaptation; Climate change; Ghana; Maize cultivar; Savanna and forest-savanna	Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947867679	Impact of the productive safety net program on farmers' investments in sustainable land management in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia	Adimassu Z., Kessler A.	2015	Environmental Development	16	None	10.1016/j.envdev.2015.06.015	International Water Management Institute (IWMI), PO Box: 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Wageningen University and Research Center, Soil Physics and Land Management (SLM) Group, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen, Netherlands	Adimassu, Z., International Water Management Institute (IWMI), PO Box: 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Kessler, A., Wageningen University and Research Center, Soil Physics and Land Management (SLM) Group, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen, Netherlands	This study assesses the impact of the Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) on farmers' investments in sustainable land management (SLM) practices in the Central Rift Valley (CRV) of Ethiopia. Primary data were collected using a structured and pre-tested questionnaire for a sample of 159 households (82 PSNP participants and 77 non-participants) in four kebeles (the lowest administrative unit in Ethiopia) of two weredas (districts). Using a cross-sectional household survey, propensity score matching (PSM) was used to assess the impact of PSNP on households' investments in soil erosion control and soil fertility management. The PSM results show that the control group of households (non-participants in PSNP) invested more in soil erosion control measures as compared to the treated group of households (participants in PSNP). On the contrary, however, the treated group of households significantly invested more in soil fertility management practices (e.g. inorganic fertilizer and compost) as compared to the control group of households. The negative impact of PSNP on households' investments in soil erosion control in the treated group of farmers is related to their high labor investment in public works, which is not the case for the non-participants in PSNP. This implies that PSNP should pay more attention to capacity building and awareness raising, which requires a restructuring of the program that would benefit long-term and more sustainable impact on reducing food insecurity and enhancing natural resources in the CRV of Ethiopia. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Central Rift Valley; Food security; Productive Safety Net; Propensity score matching; Sustainable land management	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857445009	Bisphenol A (BPA) in China: A review of sources, environmental levels, and potential human health impacts	Huang Y.Q., Wong C.K.C., Zheng J.S., Bouwman H., Barra R., Wahlström B., Neretin L., Wong M.H.	2012	Environment International	42	1	10.1016/j.envint.2011.04.010	Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; EULA - Chile Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile; Scientific and Technical Advisory Panel (STAP) Member, United Nations Environment Programme, Uppsala, Sweden; United Nations Environment Programme, Washington, DC, United States	Huang, Y.Q., Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Wong, C.K.C., Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Zheng, J.S., Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Bouwman, H., School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Barra, R., EULA - Chile Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile; Wahlström, B., Scientific and Technical Advisory Panel (STAP) Member, United Nations Environment Programme, Uppsala, Sweden; Neretin, L., United Nations Environment Programme, Washington, DC, United States; Wong, M.H., Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China	Bisphenol A (BPA), identified as an endocrine disruptor, is an industrially important chemical that is used as a raw material in the manufacture of many products such as engineering plastics (e.g., epoxy resins/polycarbonate plastics), food cans (i.e., lacquer coatings), and dental composites/sealants. The demand and production capacity of BPA in China have grown rapidly. This trend will lead to much more BPA contamination in the environmental media and in the general population in China. This paper reviews the current literature concerning the pollution status of BPA in China (the mainland, Hong Kong, and Taiwan) and its potential impact on human health. Due to potential human health risks from long-term exposure to BPA, body burden of the contaminant should be monitored. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	Bisphenol A; China; Endocrine-disruptor; Environmental exposure; Potential impact	Bisphenol A; China; Endocrine-disruptor; Environmental exposure; Potential impacts; Elastomers; Epoxy resins; 4,4' isopropylidenediphenol; endocrine disruptor; environmental fate; health impact; health risk; organic pollutant; pollutant source; pollution exposure; pollution monitoring; public health; air pollution; analytic method; article; chemical analysis; China; ecotoxicity; environmental exposure; environmental impact; environmental management; food contamination; health hazard; human; industry; nonhuman; occupational exposure; occupational hazard; pollution monitoring; priority journal; risk management; sediment; soil pollution; water pollution; Animals; China; Diet; Endocrine Disruptors; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Policy; Environmental Pollutants; Environmental Pollution; Food Analysis; Health Status; Humans; Phenols; Plastics; Polycarboxylate Cement; China	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860123192	Groundwater quality and its health impact: An assessment of dental fluorosis in rural inhabitants of the Main Ethiopian Rift	Rango T., Kravchenko J., Atlaw B., McCornick P.G., Jeuland M., Merola B., Vengosh A.	2012	Environment International	43	1	10.1016/j.envint.2012.03.002	Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90227, Durham, NC 27708, United States; Duke Cancer Institute, Duke School of Medicine, Duke University, 2424 Erwin Road, Box 2732, Durham, NC 27705, United States; Jimma University, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Ethiopia; International Water Management Institute, PO Box 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Sanford School of Public Policy and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, 188 Rubenstein Hall, 302 Towerview Drive, Box #90239, Durham, NC 27708-0239, United States	Rango, T., Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90227, Durham, NC 27708, United States; Kravchenko, J., Duke Cancer Institute, Duke School of Medicine, Duke University, 2424 Erwin Road, Box 2732, Durham, NC 27705, United States; Atlaw, B., Jimma University, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Ethiopia; McCornick, P.G., International Water Management Institute, PO Box 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Jeuland, M., Sanford School of Public Policy and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, 188 Rubenstein Hall, 302 Towerview Drive, Box #90239, Durham, NC 27708-0239, United States; Merola, B., Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90227, Durham, NC 27708, United States; Vengosh, A., Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90227, Durham, NC 27708, United States	This study aims to assess the link between fluoride content in groundwater and its impact on dental health in rural communities of the Ethiopian Rift. A total of 148 water samples were collected from two drainage basins within the Main Ethiopian Rift (MER). In the Ziway-Shala basin in particular, wells had high fluoride levels (mean: 9.4±10.5mg/L; range: 1.1 to 68mg/L), with 48 of 50 exceeding the WHO drinking water guideline limit of 1.5mg/L. Total average daily intake of fluoride from drinking groundwater (calculated per weight unit) was also found to be six times higher than the No-Observed-Adverse-Effects-Level (NOAEL) value of 0.06mg/kg/day. The highest fluoride levels were found in highly-alkaline (pH of 7 to 8.9) groundwater characterized by high salinity; high concentrations of sodium (Na +), bicarbonate (HCO 3 -), and silica (SiO 2); and low concentrations of calcium (Ca 2+). A progressive Ca 2+ decrease along the groundwater flow path is associated with an increase of fluoride in the groundwater. The groundwater quality problem is also coupled with the presence of other toxic elements, such as arsenic (As) and uranium (U). The health impact of fluoride was evaluated based on clinical examination of dental fluorosis (DF) among local residents using the Thylstrup and Fejerskov index (TFI). In total, 200 rural inhabitants between the ages of 7 and 40years old using water from 12 wells of fluoride range of 7.8-18mg/L were examined. Signs of DF (TF score of ≥1) were observed in all individuals. Most of the teeth (52%) recorded TF scores of 5 and 6, followed by TF scores of 3 and 4 (30%), and 8.4% had TF scores of 7 or higher. Sixty percent of the teeth exhibited loss of the outermost enamel. Within the range of fluoride contents, we did not find any correlation between fluoride content and DF. Finally, preliminary data suggest that milk intake has contributed to reducing the severity of DF. The study highlights the apparent positive role of milk on DF, and emphasizes the importance of nutrition in management efforts to mitigate DF in the MER and other parts of the world. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.	Dental fluorosis; Fluoride; Main Ethiopian Rift; Milk consumption; Thylstrup and Fejerskov index	Dental fluorosis; Fluoride; Main Ethiopian Rift; Milk consumption; Thylstrup and Fejerskov index; Alkalinity; Arsenic; Calcium; Groundwater; Groundwater flow; Health; Silica; Sodium; Uranium; Water quality; Wells; Aluminous refractories; arsenic; bicarbonate; calcium; drinking water; fluoride; ground water; silicon dioxide; sodium; uranium; assessment method; concentration (composition); dental health; drainage basin; fluoride; food consumption; groundwater flow; health impact; index method; milk; rural population; water quality; adolescent; adult; article; child; clinical examination; concentration (parameters); controlled study; dental health; Ethiopia; female; health; human; major clinical study; male; milk; pH; priority journal; river basin; rural area; salinity; school child; scoring system; tooth disease; water quality; Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Arsenic; Calcium; Child; Diet; Drinking Water; Environmental Monitoring; Ethiopia; Female; Fluorides; Fluorosis, Dental; Groundwater; Humans; Male; Milk; Rural Population; Silicon Dioxide; Uranium; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Pollution, Chemical; Young Adult; East African Rift; Ethiopian Rift	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928125511	Global occurrence of anti-infectives in contaminated surface waters: Impact of income inequality between countries	Segura P.A., Takada H., Correa J.A., El Saadi K., Koike T., Onwona-Agyeman S., Ofosu-Anim J., Sabi E.B., Wasonga O.V., Mghalu J.M., dos Santos A.M., Newman B., Weerts S., Yargeau V.	2015	Environment International	80	None	10.1016/j.envint.2015.04.001	Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Canada; Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McGill University, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Canada; School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Ghana; School of Engineering Sciences, University of Ghana, Ghana; Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural Technology, University of Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Biological Sciences, Pwani University College, Kenya; Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry Engineering, Eduardo Mondlane University, Mozambique; Coastal Systems Research Group, Ecosystem Services Competence Area, Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), South Africa	Segura, P.A., Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Canada; Takada, H., Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan; Correa, J.A., Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McGill University, Canada; El Saadi, K., Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Canada; Koike, T., Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan; Onwona-Agyeman, S., Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan; Ofosu-Anim, J., School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Ghana; Sabi, E.B., School of Engineering Sciences, University of Ghana, Ghana; Wasonga, O.V., Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural Technology, University of Nairobi, Kenya; Mghalu, J.M., Department of Biological Sciences, Pwani University College, Kenya; dos Santos, A.M., Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry Engineering, Eduardo Mondlane University, Mozambique; Newman, B., Coastal Systems Research Group, Ecosystem Services Competence Area, Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), South Africa; Weerts, S., Coastal Systems Research Group, Ecosystem Services Competence Area, Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), South Africa; Yargeau, V., Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Canada	The presence anti-infectives in environmental waters is of interest because of their potential role in the dissemination of anti-infective resistance in bacteria and other harmful effects on non-target species such as algae and shellfish. Since no information on global trends regarding the contamination caused by these bioactive substances is yet available, we decided to investigate the impact of income inequality between countries on the occurrence of anti-infectives in surface waters. In order to perform such study, we gathered concentration values reported in the peer-reviewed literature between 1998 and 2014 and built a database. To fill the gap of knowledge on occurrence of anti-infectives in African countries, we also collected 61 surface water samples from Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique and South Africa, and measured concentrations of 19 anti-infectives. A mixed one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model, followed by Turkey-Kramer post hoc tests was used to identify potential differences in anti-infective occurrence between countries grouped by income level (high, upper-middle and lower-middle and low income) according to the classification by the World Bank. Comparison of occurrence of anti-infectives according to income level revealed that concentrations of these substances in contaminated surface waters were significantly higher in low and lower-middle income countries (. p=. 0.0001) but not in upper-middle income countries (. p=. 0.0515) compared to high-income countries. We explained these results as the consequence of the absence of or limited sewage treatment performed in lower income countries. Furthermore, comparison of concentrations of low cost anti-infectives (sulfonamides and trimethoprim) and the more expensive macrolides between income groups suggest that the cost of these substances may have an impact on their environmental occurrence in lower income countries. Since wastewaters are the most important source of contamination of anti-infectives and other contaminants of emerging concern in the environment, it is expected that deleterious effects to the aquatic biota caused by these substances will be more pronounced in countries with inadequate wastewater and collection infrastructure. With the information currently available, we could not evaluate either the role of the receiving environment or the importance of regulatory frameworks on the occurrence of anti-infectives in surface waters. Future studies should focus on these two factors in order to better evaluate risks to aquatic ecosystems in LM & LICs. We propose that CECs such as anti-infectives could be used as a new class of environmental degradation indicators that could be helpful to assess the state of development of wastewater collection and treatment infrastructure around the world. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.	Antibiotics; Developing countries; Macrolides; Occurrence; Quinolones; Rivers; Sulfonamides; Tetracyclines; Trimethoprim	Amides; Antibiotics; Aquatic ecosystems; Contamination; Developing countries; Metabolites; Regression analysis; Rivers; Sewage treatment; Sulfur compounds; Wastewater treatment; Macrolides; Occurrence; Quinolones; Sulfonamides; Tetracyclines; Trimethoprim; Surface waters; antiinfective agent; azithromycin; chlortetracycline; clarithromycin; dehydroerythromycin; diaminopyrimidine; doxycycline; lincomycin; macrolide; minocycline; oxytetracycline; roxithromycin; sulfadimethoxine; sulfadimidine; sulfamerazine; sulfamethizole; sulfamethoxazole; sulfapyridine; sulfathiazole; surface water; trimethoprim; tylosin; unclassified drug; antiinfective agent; fresh water; waste water; water pollutant; antibiotics; developing world; environmental degradation; income distribution; regulatory framework; surface water; water pollution; aquatic environment; Article; concentration (parameters); drug cost; environmental exposure; environmental impact; Ghana; Kenya; lowest income group; Mozambique; priority journal; sewage treatment; socioeconomics; South Africa; waste water; water analysis; water contamination; analysis; biota; chemistry; economics; ecosystem; environmental monitoring; income; procedures; social status; Turkey; water pollutant; Ghana; Kenya; Mozambique; South Africa; algae; Anti-Infective Agents; Biota; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring; Fresh Water; Ghana; Income; Mozambique; Social Conditions; South Africa; Turkey; Waste Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-30144444012	Preliminary assessment of risk of ozone impacts to maize (Zea mays) in southern Africa	Van Tienhoven A.M., Zunckel M., Emberson L., Koosailee A., Otter L.	2006	Environmental Pollution	140	2	10.1016/j.envpol.2005.07.016	CSIR Environmentek, PO Box 17001, Congella 4013, Durban, South Africa; Stockholm Environment Institute at York, University of York, Box 373, York, T01 5YW, United Kingdom; Sasol Synfuels, Private Bag X1000, Secunda 2302, South Africa; Climatology Research Group, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, WITS 2050, South Africa	Van Tienhoven, A.M., CSIR Environmentek, PO Box 17001, Congella 4013, Durban, South Africa; Zunckel, M., CSIR Environmentek, PO Box 17001, Congella 4013, Durban, South Africa; Emberson, L., Stockholm Environment Institute at York, University of York, Box 373, York, T01 5YW, United Kingdom; Koosailee, A., Sasol Synfuels, Private Bag X1000, Secunda 2302, South Africa; Otter, L., Climatology Research Group, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, WITS 2050, South Africa	Surface ozone concentrations in southern Africa exceed air quality guidelines set to protect agricultural crops. This paper addresses a knowledge gap by performing a preliminary assessment of potential ozone impacts on vegetation in southern African. Maize (Zea mays L.) is the receptor of interest in the main maize producing countries, i.e. South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Surface ozone concentrations are estimated for the growing season (October to April) using photochemical modelling. Hourly mean modelled ozone concentrations ranged between 19.7 and 31.2 ppb, while maximums range between 28.9 and 61.9 ppb, and are near 30 ppb over South Africa and Zambia, while in Zimbabwe, they exceed 40 ppb and translate into monthly AOT40 values of over 3000 ppb h in five of the seven months of the growing season. This study suggests that surface ozone may pose a threat to agricultural production in southern African, particularly in Zimbabwe. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	AOT40; Crop loss; Ground level ozone; Maize; Southern Africa	Agricultural products; Air quality; Ozone; Space surveillance; Vegetation; AOT40; Crop loss; Ground level ozone; Maize; Southern Africa; Air pollution; ozone; air quality; maize; ozone; air pollutant; air quality; article; chemical model; crop production; environmental impact; environmental monitoring; maize; nonhuman; ozone layer; photochemistry; plant growth; risk assessment; seasonal variation; South Africa; vegetation; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Circadian Rhythm; Environmental Monitoring; Models, Chemical; Oxidants, Photochemical; Ozone; Risk Assessment; Seasons; South Africa; Zambia; Zea mays; Zimbabwe; Ozone; Plants; Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-50849125397	Biological and chemical evaluation of sewage water pollution in the Rietvlei nature reserve wetland area, South Africa	Oberholster P.J., Botha A.-M., Cloete T.E.	2008	Environmental Pollution	156	1	10.1016/j.envpol.2007.12.028	CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Hillcrest, Pretoria ZA002, South Africa; Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Hillcrest, Pretoria ZA002, South Africa	Oberholster, P.J., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Botha, A.-M., Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Hillcrest, Pretoria ZA002, South Africa; Cloete, T.E., Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Hillcrest, Pretoria ZA002, South Africa	Macroinvertebrate communities in Rietvlei nature reserve wetland area and their relationship with water quality were studied with the aim to evaluate their use as potential indicators of pollution. Sampling locations were selected to include outlets from swage effluent, agricultural and informal residential runoff. A large increase in nutrient concentrations was observed downstream from discharged treated sewage with an associated decrease in species richness. Bioassays performed included: Daphnia magna, Hydra attenuate, Lactuca sativa, Allium cepa and Pyxicephalus adspersus. The highest percentage of lethality response to a screen (100% concentration) of sampled wetland water by test specimens were observed at the point source input of the Hartbeespoort treated sewage plant. Data generated from the AUSRIVAS method and multitrophic level bioassays revealed the deterioration of the wetland possibly due to factors such as increasing urbanization, industrialization, agriculture runoff and rapid human settlement in the Hennops River catchment area and its principal tributaries. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	AUSRIVAS; Multitrophic level bioassay; Peat bog; Treated sewage discharge	Agricultural runoff; Automation; Catchments; Concentration (process); Effluents; Oil spills; Pollution; Reusability; River pollution; Rivers; Sewage; Water quality; Wetlands; Allium cepa; AUSRIVAS; Chemical evaluation; Daphnia magna; Lactuca sativa; Macroinvertebrate communities; Multitrophic level; Multitrophic level bioassay; Nutrient concentrations; Peat bog; Point sources; Potential indicators; River catchments; Sampling locations; Sewage waters; South Africa; Species richness; Test specimens; Treated sewage discharge; Wetland area; Water pollution; runoff; agricultural runoff; bioassay; biological analysis; catchment; chemical analysis; community response; industrialization; macroinvertebrate; nutrient; peatland; sewage; sewage treatment; species richness; tributary; urbanization; water pollution; water quality; wetland; agriculture; analytic method; article; AUSRIVAS method; Australia; bioassay; catchment; chemical analysis; coelenterate; concentration response; Daphnia; deterioration; Hydra attenuate; industrialization; lettuce; macroinvertebrate; nonhuman; nutrient concentration; onion; Pyxicephalus adspersus; river ecosystem; sewage effluent; source point; South Africa; species richness; urbanization; water pollution; water quality; wetland; Biological Assay; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring; Eutrophication; Fresh Water; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Sewage; South Africa; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Pollution; Wetlands; Africa; Gauteng; Rietvlei Nature Reserve; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Allium cepa; Daphnia magna; Hydra; Lactuca sativa; Pyxicephalus adspersus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77950075034	The impact of tropospheric ozone pollution on trial plot winter wheat yields in Great Britain - An econometric approach	Kaliakatsou E., Bell J.N.B., Thirtle C., Rose D., Power S.A.	2010	Environmental Pollution	158	5	10.1016/j.envpol.2009.10.033	Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Department of Agricultural Economics Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom	Kaliakatsou, E., Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Bell, J.N.B., Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Thirtle, C., Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom, Department of Agricultural Economics Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Rose, D., Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom; Power, S.A., Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom	Numerous experiments have demonstrated reductions in the yields of cereal crops due to tropospheric O3, with losses of up to 25%. However, the only British econometric study on O3 impacts on winter wheat yields, found that a 10% increase in AOT40 would decrease yields by only 0.23%. An attempt is made here to reconcile these observations by developing AOT40 maps for Great Britain and matching levels with a large number of standardised trial plot wheat yields from many sites over a 13-year period. Panel estimates (repeated measures on the same plots with time) show a 0.54% decrease in yields and it is hypothesised that plant breeders may have inadvertently selected for O3 tolerance in wheat. Some support for this is provided by fumigations of cultivars of differing introduction dates. A case is made for the use of econometric as well as experimental studies in prediction of air pollution induced crop loss. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Econometrics; Trial plot data; Tropospheric ozone; Winter wheat; Yield loss	Cereal crop; Crop loss; Experimental studies; Great Britain; Plant breeders; Repeated measures; Tropospheric O; Tropospheric ozone; Wheat yield; Winter wheat; Air quality; Crops; Ozone; Troposphere; atmospheric pollution; crop yield; cultivar; econometrics; fumigation; ozone; troposphere; wheat; air pollution; article; controlled study; cultivar; environmental monitoring; filtration; geographic distribution; grain yield; nonhuman; ozone layer; plant leaf; reduction; rural area; senescence; soil fumigation; statistical model; troposphere; United Kingdom; winter wheat; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Biomass; Great Britain; Ozone; Triticum; United Kingdom; Triticum aestivum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749990905	The impact of aerial application of organophosphates on the cholinesterase levels of rural residents in the Vaalharts district, Northern Cape Province, South Africa	Dalvie M.A., London L.	2006	Environmental Research	102	3	10.1016/j.envres.2006.01.008	Occupational and Environmental Health Research Unit, Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa	Dalvie, M.A., Occupational and Environmental Health Research Unit, Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa; London, L., Occupational and Environmental Health Research Unit, Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa	A cluster of Guillaine-Barre syndrome cases in the Vaalharts region, South Africa prompted an investigation of the impact of aerial organophosphate spraying on cholinesterase levels of residents in the region. A prospective study of cholinesterase levels among residents and workers in the area and a control area was performed. Standardized red blood cell cholinesterase levels amongst participants were monitored before (round 1), during (round 2), and after (round 3) the 1996/1997 aerial spraying season. Participants were assigned environmental exposure categories based on the time since (within 10 or 30 days) and distance from (on farm, on neighboring farm, &lt;10 km from farm) aerial pesticide application. There were 342 participants in round 1, of whom 78% participated in round 2, 62% in round 3, and 56% in all three rounds. There was an increase in cholinesterase levels in round 2 (mean increase=5.96±6.25 IU/g hemoglobin) and then a decrease in round 3 (6.17±6.51), significantly associated with environmental exposure (participants living on farm or neighboring farm and &lt;10 km from spraying area) controlling for age, gender, alcohol dependence, and usual and recent domestic and occupational pesticide use (e.g., for round 2-round 1 cholinesterase differences, over(β, ^) (exposed group relative to unexposed)=5.72±1.21 IU/g hemoglobin, P = 0.000, R2 = 0.27, n = 171). The results show a shift in cholinesterase levels associated with residence in the spraying area, but in the direction opposite to that expected from the spraying of pesticides. Seasonal fluctuations in ambient temperature during the study may have influenced the results. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Aerial; Cholinesterase; Neurotoxic; Organophosphate; Pesticides	organophosphate; pesticide; enzyme activity; farm; organophosphate; rural society; adult; alcoholism; article; cholinesterase blood level; controlled study; environmental exposure; environmental temperature; erythrocyte; female; hemoglobin blood level; human; male; neurotoxicity; priority journal; rural area; season; sex difference; South Africa; Adult; Cholinesterases; Environmental Exposure; Erythrocytes; Female; Geography; Guillain-Barre Syndrome; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pesticides; Phosphoric Acid Esters; Prospective Studies; Rural Population; South Africa; Africa; Cape Province; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84885866082	Halogenated pollutants in terrestrial and aquatic bird eggs: Converging patterns of pollutant profiles, and impacts and risks from high levels	Bouwman H., Viljoen I.M., Quinn L.P., Polder A.	2013	Environmental Research	126	None	10.1016/j.envres.2013.06.003	Research Unit: Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; National Metrology Institute of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; The Norwegian School of Veterinary Sciences, Oslo, Norway	Bouwman, H., Research Unit: Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Viljoen, I.M., Research Unit: Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Quinn, L.P., Research Unit: Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa, National Metrology Institute of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; Polder, A., The Norwegian School of Veterinary Sciences, Oslo, Norway	We investigated the presence, levels, relationships, and risks of HCHs, DDTs, chlordanes, mirex, PCBs, and brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in terrestrial and aquatic bird eggs from an area in South Africa where DDT is used for malaria control. We found one of the highest σDDT levels reported this century; 13. 000. ng/g. wm (wet mass) in Grey Heron eggs which exceeds critical levels for reproductive success (3000. ng/g. wm) calculated for Brown Pelicans, with a no-effect level estimated at 500. ng/g. wm. Even higher σDDT levels at 16. 000. ng/g. wm were found in House Sparrow eggs (possibly the highest ever recorded for sparrows), with a maximum of 24. 400. ng/g. wm. Significant eggshell thinning in Cattle Egrets (33% between thickest and thinnest) was associated with increased levels of p,. p'-DDT and p,. p'-DDE. There were indications of unknown use of DDT and lindane. Relative to DDT, PCBs and BFRs levels were quite low. Ordinated data showed that different terrestrial pollutant profiles converged to a homogenised aquatic profile. Converging profiles, high levels of DDT in heron and sparrow eggs, and thinning eggs shells, indicate risk and impacts at release, in the aquatic environment, and in between. If characteristic life-strategies of birds in warm areas (e.g. longer-lived and fewer eggs per clutch) increases the risk compared with similar birds living in colder regions when both experience the same environmental pollutant levels, then malaria control using DDT probably has more significant impacts on biota than previously realised. Therefore, risk assessment and modelling without hard data may miss crucial impacts and risks, as the chemical use patterns and ecologies in Africa and elsewhere may differ from the conditions and assumptions of existing risk assessment and modelling parameters. Consideration of other findings associated with DDT from the same area (intersex in fish and urogental birth defects in baby boys), together with the findings of this study (high levels of DDT in bird eggs, eggshell thinning in the Cattle Egrets, and the apparent absence of breeding piscivore birds in the sprayed area) are strongly suggestive of negative impacts from DDT spraying for Malaria control. Our data presents strong arguments for an expedited process of replacing DDT with sustainable methods. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.	Bird eggs; DDT; Eggshell thinning; Indoor residual spraying; Malaria control; South Africa	bromine derivative; chlorphenotane; flame retardant; lindane; mirex; polychlorinated biphenyl derivative; aquatic environment; biota; bird; breeding; data set; DDT; eggshell; HCH; malaria; piscivore; pollutant; reproductive success; risk assessment; air pollutant; aquatic environment; aquatic species; article; birth defect; breeding; egg; egg shell; halogenation; malaria control; nonhuman; Passer domesticus; priority journal; reproductive success; risk assessment; soil pollutant; South Africa; terrestrial species; South Africa; Ardea cinerea; Aves; Bubulcus; Passer domesticus; Passeridae; Pelecanus occidentalis; Bird eggs; DDT; Eggshell thinning; Indoor residual spraying; Malaria control; South Africa; Animals; Birds; Environmental Pollutants; Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; Multivariate Analysis; Ovum; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84934987551	Chemical exposure reduction: Factors impacting on South African herbicide sprayers' personal protective equipment compliance and high risk work practices	Andrade-Rivas F., Rother H.-A.	2015	Environmental Research	142	None	10.1016/j.envres.2015.05.028	Environmental Health Division and oCentre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, South Africa; Universidad El Bosque, Research Vice-rectoray, Bogotá, Colombia	Andrade-Rivas, F., Environmental Health Division and oCentre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, South Africa, Universidad El Bosque, Research Vice-rectoray, Bogotá, Colombia; Rother, H.-A., Environmental Health Division and oCentre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, South Africa	The high exposure risks of workers to herbicides in low- and middle-income countries is an important public health concern because of the potential resulting negative impacts on workers' health. This study investigated workers' personal protective equipment (PPE) compliance as a risk mitigation measure; particularly workers who apply herbicides for Working for Water (WfW) - a South African invasive alien vegetation control programme. The study aim was to understand workers' low PPE compliance by analysing their risk perceptions of herbicide use, working conditions and socio-cultural context. Research methods included ethnographic observations, informal interviews, visual media, questionnaires and a focus group. Study results indicated that low PPE compliance persists despite workers' awareness of herbicide exposure risks and as a result of the influence from workers' socio-cultural context (i.e. gender dynamics and social status), herbicide risk perceptions and working conditions (i.e. environmental and logistical). Interestingly, teams comprised of mostly women had the highest compliance rate. These findings highlighted that given the complexity of PPE compliance, especially in countries with several economic and social constraints, exposure reduction interventions should not rely solely on PPE use promotion. Instead, other control strategies requiring less worker input for effectiveness should be implemented, such as elimination and substitution of highly hazardous pesticides, and altering application methods. © 2015 The Authors.	Gender; Personal protective equipment (PPE) compliance; Pesticide risk management; Pesticides; Risk perception	herbicide; herbicide; compliance; health risk; herbicide; invasive species; pollution exposure; public health; risk assessment; risk perception; Article; awareness; control strategy; ethnography; female; gender; harm reduction; high risk behavior; human; male; mental compliance; normal human; occupational exposure; occupational hazard; occupational health; occupational safety; pesticide spraying; priority journal; protective equipment; questionnaire; research; risk assessment; risk reduction; social class; social status; South African; work environment; agricultural worker; analysis; occupational exposure; practice guideline; prevention and control; psychology; risk management; sex difference; social aspects and related phenomena; South Africa; standards; South Africa; Farmers; Female; Guideline Adherence; Herbicides; Humans; Male; Occupational Exposure; Personal Protective Equipment; Risk Management; Risk Reduction Behavior; Sex Factors; Sociological Factors; South Africa; Surveys and Questionnaires	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33645850125	Dynamics of grazing policy and practice: Environmental and social impacts in three communal areas of southern Africa	Rohde R.F., Moleele N.M., Mphale M., Allsopp N., Chanda R., Hoffman M.T., Magole L., Young E.	2006	Environmental Science and Policy	9	3	10.1016/j.envsci.2005.11.009	Centre of African Studies, University of Edinburgh, 21 George Square, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; GEF-UNDP Wetland Biodiversity Conservation Project, University of Botswana, Harry Oppenheimer Okavango Research Centre, Maun, Botswana; Department of Sociology, University of Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho; ARC-Range and Forage Science, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Department of Environmental Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB 00704, Gaborone, Botswana; Leslie Hill Institute for Plant Conservation, Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Centre for Arid Zone Studies, University of Wales Bangor, Bangor, United Kingdom; 11 Belmont Avenue, Cape Town 8001, South Africa	Rohde, R.F., Centre of African Studies, University of Edinburgh, 21 George Square, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 11 Belmont Avenue, Cape Town 8001, South Africa; Moleele, N.M., GEF-UNDP Wetland Biodiversity Conservation Project, University of Botswana, Harry Oppenheimer Okavango Research Centre, Maun, Botswana; Mphale, M., Department of Sociology, University of Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho; Allsopp, N., ARC-Range and Forage Science, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Chanda, R., Department of Environmental Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB 00704, Gaborone, Botswana; Hoffman, M.T., Leslie Hill Institute for Plant Conservation, Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Magole, L., GEF-UNDP Wetland Biodiversity Conservation Project, University of Botswana, Harry Oppenheimer Okavango Research Centre, Maun, Botswana; Young, E., Centre for Arid Zone Studies, University of Wales Bangor, Bangor, United Kingdom	This paper traces the history of grazing policy, its conceptual basis, practical implementations and outcomes, in three southern African countries. In spite of the divergent environmental conditions facing pastoralists in the Highlands of Lesotho, Botswana's southern Kalahari and the Namaqualand succulent karoo in South Africa, they have all been subjected to similar grazing and rangeland management policies. The theoretical underpinnings of such policies have their origins in a development paradigm and ecological theory derived from northern temperate environments and are directly related to two persistent and powerful narratives: 'land degradation' and 'the tragedy of the commons'. Policy and development initiatives were implemented in order to overcome the perceived causes of these negative scenarios, such as overstocking, open access tenure and low output subsistence production. They typically ignored the multi-purpose goals of traditional pastoral systems and emphasized commercialisation of livestock farming and privatisation of communal land, which resulted in the weakening or destruction of local, traditional land management institutions. Such policies have survived the transitions from colonial rule to independence and from apartheid to democracy. We argue that these powerful and pervasive ideas, when applied to grazing policies, have caused the very problems they were formulated to prevent. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Communal land; Pastoralism; Rangeland ecology; Rangeland management	agricultural worker; article; commercial phenomena; environmental impact; environmental sustainability; government regulation; grazing management; land use; livestock; political system; priority journal; program development; socioeconomics; South Africa; sustainable agriculture; sustainable development	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955709861	Traffic impacts on PM2.5 air quality in Nairobi, Kenya	Kinney P.L., Gichuru M.G., Volavka-Close N., Ngo N., Ndiba P.K., Law A., Gachanja A., Gaita S.M., Chillrud S.N., Sclar E.	2011	Environmental Science and Policy	14	4	10.1016/j.envsci.2011.02.005	Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th St., New York, NY 10032, United States; Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, College of Architecture and Engineering, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, G.P.O., Nairobi, Kenya; Center for Sustainable Urban Development, Earth Institute, Columbia University, 475 Riverside Drive, Suite 520, New York, NY 10115, United States; Columbia University, Sustainable Development in the College of Arts and Sciences, School of International and Public Affairs, 420 West 118th Street, New York, NY 10027, United States; Department of Civil Engineering, College of Architecture and Engineering, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, G.P.O.. Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Chemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Rt 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, United States	Kinney, P.L., Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th St., New York, NY 10032, United States; Gichuru, M.G., Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, College of Architecture and Engineering, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, G.P.O., Nairobi, Kenya; Volavka-Close, N., Center for Sustainable Urban Development, Earth Institute, Columbia University, 475 Riverside Drive, Suite 520, New York, NY 10115, United States; Ngo, N., Columbia University, Sustainable Development in the College of Arts and Sciences, School of International and Public Affairs, 420 West 118th Street, New York, NY 10027, United States; Ndiba, P.K., Department of Civil Engineering, College of Architecture and Engineering, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, G.P.O.. Nairobi, Kenya; Law, A., Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th St., New York, NY 10032, United States; Gachanja, A., Department of Chemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya; Gaita, S.M., Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, College of Architecture and Engineering, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, G.P.O., Nairobi, Kenya; Chillrud, S.N., Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Rt 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, United States; Sclar, E., Center for Sustainable Urban Development, Earth Institute, Columbia University, 475 Riverside Drive, Suite 520, New York, NY 10115, United States, Columbia University, Sustainable Development in the College of Arts and Sciences, School of International and Public Affairs, 420 West 118th Street, New York, NY 10027, United States	Motor vehicle traffic is an important source of particulate pollution in cities of the developing world, where rapid growth, coupled with a lack of effective transport and land use planning, may result in harmful levels of fine particles (PM2.5) in the air. However, a lack of air monitoring data hinders health impact assessments and the development of transportation and land use policies that could reduce health burdens due to outdoor air pollution. To address this important need, a study of traffic-related PM2.5 was carried out in the city of Nairobi, Kenya, a model city for sub-Saharan Africa, in July 2009. Sampling was carried out using portable filter-based air samplers carried in backpacks by technicians on weekdays over two weeks at several sites in and around Nairobi ranging from high-traffic roadways to rural background. Mean daytime concentrations of PM2.5 ranged from 10.7 at the rural background site to 98.1μg/m3 on a sidewalk in the central business district. Horizontal dispersion measurements demonstrated a decrease in PM2.5 concentration from 128.7 to 18.7μg/m3 over 100m downwind of a major intersection in Nairobi. A vertical dispersion experiment revealed a decrease from 119.5μg/m3 at street level to 42.8μg/m3 on a third-floor rooftop in the central business district. Though not directly comparable to air quality guidelines, which are based on 24-h or annual averages, the urban concentrations we observed raise concern with regard to public health and related policy. Taken together with survey data on commuting patterns within Nairobi, these results suggest that many Nairobi residents are exposed on a regular basis to elevated concentrations of fine particle air pollution, with potentially serious long-term implications for health. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	Health; Nairobi; Outdoor air quality; Sub-Saharan Africa; Transport; Urban	air monitoring; air particle control; air pollution; air quality; air sampling; airborne particle; article; atmospheric dispersion; controlled study; human; Kenya; priority journal; traffic	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880666796	Exploring different forest definitions and their impact on developing REDD+ reference emission levels: A case study for Indonesia	Romijn E., Ainembabazi J.H., Wijaya A., Herold M., Angelsen A., Verchot L., Murdiyarso D.	2013	Environmental Science and Policy	33	None	10.1016/j.envsci.2013.06.002	Center for International Forestry Research, Jl. CIFOR, Situgede, Bogor 16115, Indonesia; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Po Box 7878, Kampala, Uganda; Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University, Po Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands; School of Economics and Business, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB), Po Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway	Romijn, E., Center for International Forestry Research, Jl. CIFOR, Situgede, Bogor 16115, Indonesia; Ainembabazi, J.H., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Po Box 7878, Kampala, Uganda; Wijaya, A., Center for International Forestry Research, Jl. CIFOR, Situgede, Bogor 16115, Indonesia; Herold, M., Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University, Po Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands; Angelsen, A., School of Economics and Business, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB), Po Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway; Verchot, L., Center for International Forestry Research, Jl. CIFOR, Situgede, Bogor 16115, Indonesia; Murdiyarso, D., Center for International Forestry Research, Jl. CIFOR, Situgede, Bogor 16115, Indonesia	Developing countries participating in the mitigation mechanism of reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks (REDD+), need to determine a national forest reference emission level (REL) as part of their national monitoring system, which serves as a benchmark to measure the impact of their REDD+ actions. Using data from Indonesia, we show that the choice of a forest definition can have a large impact on estimates of deforestation and forest degradation areas, on assessment of drivers of deforestation and on the development of a REL. The total area of deforestation between 2000 and 2009 was 4.9 million ha when using the FAO definition, 18% higher when using a 'natural forest definition' and 27% higher when using the national definition. Using the national and natural forest definitions, large areas (&gt;50%) were classified as shrubland after deforestation. We used regression models to predict future deforestation. Deforestation was much better predicted than degradation (R2 of 0.81 vs. 0.52), with the natural forest definition giving the best prediction. Apart from historical deforestation and initial forest cover, gross domestic product and human population were important predictors of future deforestation in Indonesia. Degradation processes were less well modeled and predictions relied on estimates of historical degradation and forest cover. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Deforestation drivers; Degradation; Forest greenhouse gases emissions; Monitoring; Tropical forest	article; carbon footprint; case study; controlled study; deforestation; degradation; environmental impact; forest; greenhouse gas; gross national product; Indonesia; priority journal; scrub; tropical rain forest	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646161233	Modelled surface ozone over southern Africa during the Cross Border Air Pollution Impact Assessment Project	Zunckel M., Koosailee A., Yarwood G., Maure G., Venjonoka K., van Tienhoven A.M., Otter L.	2006	Environmental Modelling and Software	21	7	10.1016/j.envsoft.2005.04.004	CSIR Environmentek, P.O. Box 17001, Congella 4013 Durban, South Africa; ENVIRON International Corporation, 101 Rowland Way, Novato, CA 94945, United States; Department of Physics, Eduardo Mondlane University, Box 257, Maputo, Mozambique; Ministry of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism, Private Bag BR132, Gaborone, Botswana; Climatology Research Group, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa; Sasol Synfuels, Private Bag X1000, Secunda, 2302, South Africa	Zunckel, M., CSIR Environmentek, P.O. Box 17001, Congella 4013 Durban, South Africa; Koosailee, A., CSIR Environmentek, P.O. Box 17001, Congella 4013 Durban, South Africa, Sasol Synfuels, Private Bag X1000, Secunda, 2302, South Africa; Yarwood, G., ENVIRON International Corporation, 101 Rowland Way, Novato, CA 94945, United States; Maure, G., Department of Physics, Eduardo Mondlane University, Box 257, Maputo, Mozambique; Venjonoka, K., Ministry of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism, Private Bag BR132, Gaborone, Botswana; van Tienhoven, A.M., CSIR Environmentek, P.O. Box 17001, Congella 4013 Durban, South Africa; Otter, L., Climatology Research Group, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa	Monitoring of surface ozone over southern Africa has shown that ambient concentrations often exceed a threshold of 40 ppb at which damage to vegetation by ozone could be expected. The Cross Border Air Pollution Assessment Project (CAPIA) was therefore established to assess the potential impacts of ozone on maize, a staple food crop, in five southern African countries. Measured surface ozone data are scare in the region so it was necessary to complement the monitoring with regional-scale photochemical modelling to achieve the objective. The Pennsylvania State and NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) is used to produce gridded meteorological data for 5 days in each month of the maize growing season, October to April, as input to the photochemical model, CAMx. Gridded anthropogenic emissions from industry, transport and domestic burning and gridded biogenic emissions from soils and vegetation are input to CAMx. The model estimations indicate large areas on the sub-continent where surface ozone concentrations exceed 40 ppb for up to 10 h per day. Maximum concentrations may exceed 80 ppb, particularly in the winter when mean ozone concentrations are higher. The areas where the 40 ppb threshold is exceeded coincide with maize growing areas in South Africa and Zimbabwe. It appears that neither anthropogenic emissions nor biogenic emissions are dominant in the production of surface ozone over southern Africa. Rather the formation of surface ozone over the region is attributed to the combined contribution of precursors from anthropogenic and biogenic origin. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Anthropogenic emissions; Biogenic emissions; Botswana; CAMx; CAPIA; Maize; MM5; Mozambique; Photochemical modelling; South Africa; Zambia; Zimbabwe	Condition monitoring; Environmental impact; Ozone; Project management; Regional planning; Vegetation; Anthropogenic emissions; Biogenic emissions; CAMx; Cross Border Air Pollution Assessment Project (CAPIA); MM5; Photochemical modeling; Air pollution; anthropogenic effect; atmospheric pollution; biogenic emission; maize; Meteosat; ozone; Africa; Botswana; Mozambique; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-18144391576	Utilization of cellobiose by recombinant β-glucosidase-expressing strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Characterization and evaluation of the sufficiency of expression	McBride J.E., Zietsman J.J., Van Zyl W.H., Lynd L.R.	2005	Enzyme and Microbial Technology	37	1	10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.01.034	Chem. and Biochem. Eng. Program, Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States; Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	McBride, J.E., Chem. and Biochem. Eng. Program, Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States; Zietsman, J.J., Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Van Zyl, W.H., Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Lynd, L.R., Chem. and Biochem. Eng. Program, Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States	Two recombinant strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing the BGL1 (β-glucosidase) gene originating from Saccharomycopsis fibuligera were characterized with respect to gene expression and growth on cellobiose under air and nitrogen gas phases. The laboratory strain Y294[ySF1], with β-glucosidase expression from a multi-copy plasmid, grew at comparable rates on cellobiose and glucose under both air and nitrogen gas phases. By contrast, strain N96[ySF1] grew at a much slower rate on cellobiose than on glucose under both gas phases. For the various strain and substrate combinations tested, cell-specific enzyme activity was significantly higher under a nitrogen gas phase as compared to an air gas phase. The ability of these strains to grow on cellobiose, a non-native substrate, was evaluated in terms of a dimensionless 'sufficiency' parameter, S, consisting of the ratio of the maximum cell-specific rate of glucose production from cellobiose to the maximum cell-specific rate of glucose consumption. At sufficiency values substantially less than one, specific growth rates were found to be limited by heterologous enzyme expression, whereas for values of sufficiency near and greater to one, specific growth rates on cellobiose approached their values on glucose. The concept of sufficiency appears to have general utility for work aimed at growth enablement on non-native substrates by virtue of heterologous enzyme expression. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	β-Glucosidase; Cellobiose; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Sufficiency	Cell culture; Genes; Glucose; Microorganisms; Strain; Substrates; Cellobiose; Gas phase; Gene expression; Saccharomycel cerevisiae; Enzymes; beta glucosidase; cellobiose; nitrogen; air; article; controlled study; culture medium; fungal metabolism; fungal strain; fungus growth; gene expression; glucose metabolism; growth rate; nonhuman; protein expression; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomycopsis fibuligera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959886510	Probing fundamental film parameters of immobilized enzymes-Towards enhanced biosensor performance. Part II-Electroanalytical estimation of immobilized enzyme performance	Fogel R., Limson J.L.	2011	Enzyme and Microbial Technology	49	2	10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.05.004	Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa	Fogel, R., Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa; Limson, J.L., Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa	The method of immobilization of a protein has a great influence on the overall conformation, and hence, functioning of the protein. Thus, a greater understanding of the events undergone by the protein during immobilization is key to manipulating the immobilization method to produce a strategy that influences the advantages of immobilization while minimizing their disadvantages in biosensor design. In this, the second paper of a two-part series, we have assessed the kinetic parameters of thin-film laccase monolayers, covalently attached to SAMs differing in spacer-arm length and lateral density of spacer arms. This was achieved using chronoamperometry and an electroactive product (p-benzoquinone), which was modeled in a non-linear regressional fashion to extract the relevant parameters. Finally, comparisons between the kinetic parameters presented in this paper and the rheological parameters of laccase monolayers immobilized in the same manner (Part I of this two paper series) were performed. Improvements in the maximal enzyme-catalysed current, i max, the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant, K m and the apparent biosensor sensitivity were noted for most of the surfaces with increasing linker length. Decreasing the lateral density of the spacer-arms brought about a general improvement in these parameters, which is attributed to the decrease in multiple points of immobilization undergone by functional proteins. Finally, comparisons between rheological data and kinetics data showed that the degree of viscosity exhibited by protein films has a negative influence on attached protein layers, while enhanced protein hydration levels (assessed piezoelectrically from data obtained in Paper 1) has a positive effect on those surfaces comprising rigidly bound protein layers. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.	Biosensor; Enzyme; Immobilization; Kinetics; QCM-D; Viscosity	Biosensor design; Bound proteins; Electroactive; Film parameters; Functional proteins; Immobilization method; Immobilized enzyme; Laccases; Michaelis-Menten constant; Multiple points; Negative influence; Non-linear; P-benzoquinone; Positive effects; Protein films; Protein hydration; Protein layers; QCM-D; Rheological data; Rheological parameter; Sams; Spacer arms; Two-part series; Biosensors; Chronoamperometry; Kinetic parameters; Monolayers; Proteins; Rheology; Viscosity; Enzyme immobilization; 1,4 benzoquinone; laccase; self assembled monolayer; amperometry; article; biofilm; catalysis; covalent bond; density; electrochemical analysis; electrode; enzymic biosensor; flow kinetics; hydration; Michaelis Menten kinetics; piezoelectricity; protein analysis; protein immobilization; quartz crystal microbalance; Biosensing Techniques; Electrochemical Techniques; Enzymes, Immobilized; Kinetics; Laccase; Nonlinear Dynamics; Protein Conformation; Quartz Crystal Microbalance Techniques; Rheology; Viscosity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959864866	Probing fundamental film parameters of immobilized enzymes-Towards enhanced biosensor performance. Part I-QCM-D mass and rheological measurements	Fogel R., Limson J.L.	2011	Enzyme and Microbial Technology	49	2	10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.05.011	Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa	Fogel, R., Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa; Limson, J.L., Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa	Enzyme immobilization is an ever-growing research-area for both analytical and industrial applications. Of critical importance in this area are the effects of immobilization procedures upon the functionality of the immobilized biomolecules. Both beneficial and detrimental effects can be conferred through the selection and tuning of the immobilization procedure. Quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) has been previously used to great effect in tracking alterations to thin films of biomolecules immobilized onto quartz transducers. In this study, we investigate the ability of QCM-D to track and monitor film parameters of a monolayer of laccase immobilized on a series of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), differing in lateral density of binding residues on the SAM and height of the SAM from the quartz surface. Both mass gains and rheological parameters for these varying surfaces were measured and trends later compared to the apparent enzyme kinetics of the immobilized laccase films, assessed electroanalytically (Paper II in this two part study). For covalent attachment of proteins, both shear and viscosity were increased relative to physically adsorbed proteins. An increase in lateral density of protein-binding surface of the SAM components was shown to increase the shear/viscosity of the resultant film while an increase in distance from the electrode (through incorporation of lysine linkers) was shown to decrease the shear/viscosity while simultaneously increasing the wet mass gain of the films. Shear and viscosity may be indicative of both enzyme denaturation and increased lateral protein packing within the film structure hence it is assumed that less distortion occurs with the inclusion of linkers which allow for more optimal protein immobilization. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.	Biosensors; Enzyme; Immobilization; QCM-D; Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation; Rigidity; Viscosity	Binding residues; Covalent attachment; Detrimental effects; Enzyme denaturation; Film parameters; Film structure; Laccases; Mass gain; Protein immobilization; Protein-binding; QCM-D; Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation; Quartz surfaces; Quartz transducer; Rheological measurements; Rheological parameter; Amino acids; Biomolecules; Biosensors; Enzyme kinetics; Industrial applications; Industrial research; Proteins; Quartz; Quartz crystal microbalances; Rheology; Self assembled monolayers; Viscosity; Enzyme immobilization; laccase; mercaptamine; mercaptoethanol; self assembled monolayer; adsorption kinetics; article; biofilm; chemical modification; covalent bond; crystal structure; density; electrode; enzyme denaturation; enzyme immobilization; enzymic biosensor; flow kinetics; nanofabrication; protein binding; protein immobilization; protein structure; quartz crystal microbalance; rigidity; shear stress; structure analysis; surface property; viscosity; Biosensing Techniques; Elastic Modulus; Enzymes, Immobilized; Laccase; Molecular Weight; Protein Binding; Protein Denaturation; Quartz Crystal Microbalance Techniques; Rheology; Surface Properties; Viscosity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939542381	Lignocellulosic hydrolysate inhibitors selectively inhibit/deactivate cellulase performance	Mhlongo S.I., den Haan R., Viljoen-Bloom M., van Zyl W.H.	2015	Enzyme and Microbial Technology	81	None	10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.07.005	Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa	Mhlongo, S.I., Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; den Haan, R., Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa; Viljoen-Bloom, M., Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; van Zyl, W.H., Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	In this study, we monitored the inhibition and deactivation effects of various compounds associated with lignocellulosic hydrolysates on individual and combinations of cellulases. Tannic acid representing polymeric lignin residues strongly inhibited cellobiohydrolase 1 (CBH1) and β-glucosidase 1 (BGL1), but had a moderate inhibitory effect on endoglucanase 2 (EG2). Individual monomeric lignin residues had little or no inhibitory effect on hydrolytic enzymes. However, coniferyl aldehyde and syringaldehyde substantially decreased the activity of CBH1 and deactivated BGL1. Acetic and formic acids also showed strong inhibition of BGL1 but not CBH1 and EG2, whereas tannic, acetic and formic acid strongly inhibited a combination of CBH1 and EG2 during Avicel hydrolysis. Diminishing enzymatic hydrolysis is largely a function of inhibitor concentration and the enzyme-inhibitor relationship, rather than contact time during the hydrolysis process (i.e. deactivation). This suggests that decreased rates of hydrolysis during the enzymatic depolymerisation of lignocellulosic hydrolysates may be imparted by other factors related to substrate crystallinity and accessibility. © 2015 Elsevier Inc.	Cellulases; Deactivation; Inhibition; Lignocellulosic hydrolysate	Enzyme inhibition; Enzymes; Flavonoids; Formic acid; Hydrolysis; Lignin; Cellobiohydrolase 1; Cellulases; Deactivation; Enzyme inhibitors; Hydrolysis process; Inhibitor concentration; Inhibitory effect; Lignocellulosic hydrolysates; Enzymatic hydrolysis; beta glucosidase; cellulose 1,4 beta cellobiosidase; enzyme inhibitor; formic acid; formic acid derivative; glucan synthase; lignocellulosic hydrolysate inhibitor; tannin; unclassified drug; Article; enzyme activity; enzyme inactivation; enzyme inhibition; enzyme purification; hydrolysis; nonhuman; polymerization; Saccharomyces cerevisiae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548515505	Magnetic imaging of the Vredefort impact crater, South Africa	Muundjua M., Hart R.J., Gilder S.A., Carporzen L., Galdeano A.	2007	Earth and Planetary Science Letters	261	42433	10.1016/j.epsl.2007.07.044	iThemba Labs, P. Bag 11, Wits 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; University of the Witwatersrand, School of Geosciences, P.O. Wits 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Equipe de Paléomagnétisme, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France	Muundjua, M., iThemba Labs, P. Bag 11, Wits 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa, University of the Witwatersrand, School of Geosciences, P.O. Wits 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; Hart, R.J., iThemba Labs, P. Bag 11, Wits 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; Gilder, S.A., Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Equipe de Paléomagnétisme, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France; Carporzen, L., Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Equipe de Paléomagnétisme, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France; Galdeano, A., Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Equipe de Paléomagnétisme, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France	While most impact craters are characterised by negative magnetic anomalies over their central regions, aeromagnetic surveys over the Vredefort meteorite impact crater reveal multiple concentric magnetic patterns with no significant anomaly at its centre. We performed ground magnetic surveys across a portion of a prominent negative magnetic anomaly that extends in a broad semicircular belt about half way into the basement floor of the crater. Magnetic anomalies defined by our data are most often negative and occur over a wide range of wavelengths. The longest wavelength negative anomaly coincides well with aeromagnetic data. We find that this feature is centred over the amphibolite to granulite metamorphic facies transition exposed in the basement floor. The transition zone is analogous to the Conrad discontinuity, observed at depths of about 20 km elsewhere in the Kaapvaal craton. Petrographic studies show a marked increase in the intensity of the impact-related thermal and shock metamorphism at this transition, which we explain by the focusing and defocusing of shock waves at a rheologic interface during impact. We therefore suggest that the magnetic signature at this boundary is caused by a combination of both thermal and shock effects related to the impact event. A numerical model of the long wavelength anomaly suggests that it is underlain by a body of coherently magnetised rock whose direction and intensity are similar to those found in pseudotachylites and impact melts that formed during impact. On the other hand, negative anomalies occurring over smaller (100 to 20 m) wavelengths often do not coincide with the surface geology. These features cannot be modeled using the same criteria as that for the long wavelength anomaly. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	magnetic survey; magnetism; meteorite impact; plasma; Vredefort crater	Magnetic imaging; Magnetic survey; Metamorphism; Geomagnetism; Mathematical models; Metamorphic rocks; Meteorites; Petrography; Rheology; Tectonics; aeromagnetic survey; crater; granulite; impact structure; magnetic anomaly; magnetic field; metamorphic facies; petrography; shock metamorphism; wavelength; Africa; Free State; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Vredefort Dome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-49849101838	Reply to comment by W.U. Reimold, R.L. Gibson, and H. Henkel on Muundjua et al. (2007), "Magnetic imaging of the Vredefort impact crater, South Africa", EPSL 261, pp 456-468	Muundjua M., Galdeano A., Carporzen L., Gilder S.A., Hart R.J., Andreoli M.A.G., Tredoux M.	2008	Earth and Planetary Science Letters	273	42433	10.1016/j.epsl.2008.06.044	Geological Survey of Namibia, Geophysics Division, Private Bag 13297, Windhoek, Namibia; Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Equipe de Paléomagnétisme, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France; Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 54-72477 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, United States; Ludwig Maximilians University, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Theresienstrasse 41, 80333 Munich, Germany; iThemba Labs, P. Bag 11, Wits 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; Necsa, P. O. Box 582, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Department of Geology, University of the Free State, Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Muundjua, M., Geological Survey of Namibia, Geophysics Division, Private Bag 13297, Windhoek, Namibia; Galdeano, A., Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Equipe de Paléomagnétisme, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France; Carporzen, L., Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 54-72477 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, United States; Gilder, S.A., Ludwig Maximilians University, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Theresienstrasse 41, 80333 Munich, Germany; Hart, R.J., iThemba Labs, P. Bag 11, Wits 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; Andreoli, M.A.G., Necsa, P. O. Box 582, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Tredoux, M., Department of Geology, University of the Free State, Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	[No abstract available]	None	crater; imaging method; impact structure; magnetic property; Africa; Free State; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Vredefort Dome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-49849099236	Scientific comment on "Muundjua et al., 2007: Magnetic imaging of the Vredefort impact crater, South Africa, EPSL 261, 456-468"	Reimold W.U., Gibson R.L., Henkel H.	2008	Earth and Planetary Science Letters	273	42433	10.1016/j.epsl.2008.06.046	Museum for Natural History, Humboldt University Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany; Impact Cratering Research Group, School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Land and Water Resources Engineering, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden	Reimold, W.U., Museum for Natural History, Humboldt University Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany; Gibson, R.L., Impact Cratering Research Group, School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; Henkel, H., Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Land and Water Resources Engineering, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden	[No abstract available]	None	crater; imaging method; impact structure; magnetic property; Africa; Free State; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Vredefort Dome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-57749118625	Zircon U-Pb strain chronometry reveals deep impact-triggered flow	Moser D.E., Davis W.J., Reddy S.M., Flemming R.L., Hart R.J.	2009	Earth and Planetary Science Letters	277	42371	10.1016/j.epsl.2008.09.036	Department of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont. N6A 5B7, Canada; Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth St, Ottawa, K1A 0E8, Canada; Department of Applied Geology, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia; iThemba labs, P. Bag 11, Wits 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa	Moser, D.E., Department of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont. N6A 5B7, Canada; Davis, W.J., Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth St, Ottawa, K1A 0E8, Canada; Reddy, S.M., Department of Applied Geology, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia; Flemming, R.L., Department of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont. N6A 5B7, Canada; Hart, R.J., iThemba labs, P. Bag 11, Wits 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa	Large (&gt; 100 km) meteorite impact cratering events play important roles in surface and biosphere evolution, however, their potential for widespread ductile modification of the lithosphere has been difficult to assess, due partly to our inability to isotopically age-correlate deep mineral fabrics with surface records. We have integrated benchmark U-Pb zircon dating methods (ID-TIMS, SHRIMP) with new microstructural techniques (EBSD, μXRD) to demonstrate that crystal-plastic deformation can cause rapid out-diffusion of radiogenic Pb and accompanying trace element alteration in crystalline zircon. We have used this phenomenon to directly date fabric in Archean zircons and xenoliths of the lower crust of South Africa at 2023 ± 15 million years, coeval with the 2020 ± 3 million year old Vredefort cratering event at surface, with extent ≥ 20,000 km 2. Our findings indicate that regional exogenic fabrics, similar to high-temperature tectonic fabrics, exist in ancient crust. Moreover, our results establish that crystal-plastic deformation in the lithosphere can now be directly dated and linked to planetary evolution by zircon U-Pb strain chronometry. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	deformation; EBSD; geochronology; impact; planetary; tectonics; U-Pb dating; zircon	Archean; Deep impacts; EBSD; High temperatures; impact; Lower crusts; Meteorite impacts; Microstructural; Mineral fabrics; planetary; Planetary evolutions; South Africa; Tectonic fabrics; U-Pb dating; Zircon dating; Chemical elements; Deformation; Electron diffraction; Fabrics; Geomorphology; Lead; Lead alloys; Meteor impacts; Minerals; Plastic deformation; Silica; Silicate minerals; Tectonics; Trace elements; Zircon; Geochronology; crater; deformation; geochronology; high temperature; planetary evolution; SHRIMP dating; tectonics; trigger mechanism; uranium-lead dating; zircon	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-60249088541	Generation of fragment-rich pseudotachylite bodies during central uplift formation in the Vredefort impact structure, South Africa	Lieger D., Riller U., Gibson R.L.	2009	Earth and Planetary Science Letters	279	42371	10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.031	Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany; McMaster University, School of Geography and Earth Sciences, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ont. L8S 4K1, Canada; Impact Cratering Research Group, School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, P.O. Wits 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa	Lieger, D., Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany; Riller, U., McMaster University, School of Geography and Earth Sciences, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ont. L8S 4K1, Canada; Gibson, R.L., Impact Cratering Research Group, School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, P.O. Wits 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa	Target rocks underlying the central portions of large terrestrial impact structures are characterized by the pervasive presence of fragment-rich pseudotachylite bodies. Debates regarding the formation of these bodies include the origin of pseudotachylitic melts, i.e., friction- versus shock-induced melting, melt mobility, causes of target rock fragmentation, and timing of fragmentation and melt emplacement with respect to stages of cratering. Comprehensive structural analysis of pre-impact mineral fabrics and properties of fragment-rich pseudotachylite in the Vredefort Dome suggests that melt is allochthonous and was emplaced at an advanced stage of cratering into tensional fracture zones within the crater floor. Both concentration of bending strains imparted on target rocks during central uplift formation and thermal stresses induced by the emplacement of allochthonous melt led to fragmentation of target rock. Tensional fracture zones formed in an overall dilational strain field towards the end of cratering, likely during collapse of the central uplift, and constitute low pressure zones, into which melt was forcefully drawn. Melt may have been drained from the overlying impact melt sheet or from sites within the crater floor and transported into fragment-rich dilation zones. Our field-based analysis failed to identify the presence of bona fide shear faults that could potentially have generated in situ frictional melts and fragments. Rather, target rock fragmentation and melt generation that resulted in fragment-rich pseudotachylite bodies are processes separated in space and time during cratering. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	central uplift; deformation; impact cratering; pseudotachylite; Vredefort impact structure	Bending strains; central uplift; Concentration of; Fracture zones; impact cratering; Impact melts; In-situ; Induced melting; Low pressure zones; Mineral fabrics; Pre impacts; pseudotachylite; Rock fragmentations; South Africa; Space and time; Strain fields; Vredefort impact structure; Deformation; Elasticity; Floors; Friction; Rocks; Strain; Structural analysis; Structural geology; Targets; Geomorphology; crater; deformation; emplacement; fracture zone; impact structure; pseudotachylite; strain; structural analysis; uplift; Africa; Free State; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Vredefort Dome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33644630279	Ergonomic workplace construction, evaluation and improvement by CADWORK	Udosen U.J.	2006	International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics	36	3	10.1016/j.ergon.2005.11.005	Production Engineering Department, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria	Udosen, U.J., Production Engineering Department, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria	The interactive capability of CADWORK has been demonstrated for construction, evaluation and improvement of a workplace for the assembly of a domestic fan. Data prepared in accordance with the requirements of the CADWORK system were fed into the computerized workplace heuristic and a workplace constructed from scratch was evaluated to give an assembly time of 1889.72 TMU at 100 BS performance level. The workplace was, then interactively adjusted by movement of some bins in the workplace to seek improvement. The cycle time simulated by CADWORK for the best improved workplace was 1654.89 TMU at 100 BS performance level. Computerized workplace design is quite relevant in industry as it enables various workplace layouts to be easily generated, evaluated and improved in situ, such that selection of the best layout is possible from the standpoints of ergonomics considerations and the anthropometric data of the operator who would use it. The criterion employed by CADWORK for workplace appraisal and selection, is the minimization of the cycle time of the product assembled using the workplace constructed or modified via the CADWORK heuristic. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Assembly operation; CADWORK; Computerized workplace design; Workplace construction; Workplace evaluation; Workplace improvement	Computer aided design; Computer simulation; Evaluation; Heuristic methods; Assembly operation; CADWORK; Computerized workplace design; Workplace evaluation; Ergonomics; anthropometry; article; computer aided design; computer program; computer simulation; construction work; ergonomics; operator; priority journal; workplace	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67649982907	Indoor air quality impacts of an improved wood stove in Ghana and an ethanol stove in Ethiopia	Pennise D., Brant S., Agbeve S.M., Quaye W., Mengesha F., Tadele W., Wofchuck T.	2009	Energy for Sustainable Development	13	2	10.1016/j.esd.2009.04.003	Berkeley Air Monitoring Group, 2124 Kittredge Street, Berkeley, CA 94704, United States; EnterpriseWorks Ghana, Box CT4808, Accra, Ghana; Gaia Association Ethiopia, Wereda 17 Kebele 23, Bole Subcity, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Pennise, D., Berkeley Air Monitoring Group, 2124 Kittredge Street, Berkeley, CA 94704, United States; Brant, S., Berkeley Air Monitoring Group, 2124 Kittredge Street, Berkeley, CA 94704, United States; Agbeve, S.M., EnterpriseWorks Ghana, Box CT4808, Accra, Ghana; Quaye, W., EnterpriseWorks Ghana, Box CT4808, Accra, Ghana; Mengesha, F., Gaia Association Ethiopia, Wereda 17 Kebele 23, Bole Subcity, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Tadele, W., Gaia Association Ethiopia, Wereda 17 Kebele 23, Bole Subcity, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Wofchuck, T., Gaia Association Ethiopia, Wereda 17 Kebele 23, Bole Subcity, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	This study was undertaken to assess the potential of two types of improved cookstoves to reduce indoor air pollution in African homes. An ethanol stove, the CleanCook, was tested in three locations in Ethiopia: the city of Addis Ababa and the Bonga and Kebribeyah Refugee Camps, while a wood-burning rocket stove, the Gyapa, was evaluated in Accra, Ghana. In both countries, kitchen concentrations of PM 2.5 and CO, the two pollutants responsible for the bulk of the ill-health associated with indoor smoke, were monitored in a before and after study design without controls. Baseline ('before') measurements were made in households using a traditional stove or open fire. 'After' measurements were performed in the same households, once the improved stove had been introduced. PM 2.5 was measured using UCB Particle Monitors, which have photoelectric detectors. CO was measured with Onset HOBO Loggers. In Ghana and Kebribeyah Camp, CO was also measured with Gastec diffusion tubes. In Ghana, average 24-hour PM 2.5 concentrations decreased 52% from 650 μg/m 3 in the 'before' phase to 320 μg/m 3 in the 'after' phase (p = 0.00), and average 24-hour kitchen CO concentrations decreased 40% from 12.3 ppm to 7.4 ppm (p = 0.01). Including all three subgroups in Ethiopia, average PM 2.5 concentrations decreased 84% from 1 250 μg/m 3 to 200 μg/m 3 (p = 0.00) and average CO concentrations decreased 76% from 38.9 ppm to 9.2 ppm (p = 0.00). 24-hour average CO levels in households using both the Gyapa and CleanCook stoves met, or nearly met, the World Health Organization (WHO) 8-hour Air Quality Guideline. PM 2.5 concentrations were well above both the WHO 24-hour Guideline and Interim Targets. Therefore, despite the significant improvements associated with both of these stoves, further changes in stove or fuel type or household fuel mixing patterns would be required to bring PM to levels that are not considered harmful to health. © 2009 International Energy Initiative.	Carbon monoxide; Ethanol; Fuel wood; Improved cookstove; Indoor air pollution; Particulate matter	air quality; atmospheric pollution; carbon monoxide; concentration (composition); cooking appliance; health risk; indoor air; measurement method; particulate matter; performance assessment; pollution control; pollution effect; wood; Addis Ababa; Africa; Bonga Forest; East Africa; Ethiopia; Ghana; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67649976612	Impact of extensive residential solar water heating on power system losses	Ijumba K.P., Sebitosi A.B., Pillay P., Folly K.	2009	Energy for Sustainable Development	13	2	10.1016/j.esd.2009.04.004	ESKOM - Megawatt Park, Sunninghill, 2157, South Africa; University of Cape Town, Department of Electrical Engineering, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa; University of Stellenbosch, Centre for Renewable and Sustainable Energy Studies, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Concordia University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Montreal, Que. H3G 1M8, Canada	Ijumba, K.P., ESKOM - Megawatt Park, Sunninghill, 2157, South Africa, University of Cape Town, Department of Electrical Engineering, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa; Sebitosi, A.B., University of Stellenbosch, Centre for Renewable and Sustainable Energy Studies, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Pillay, P., Concordia University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Montreal, Que. H3G 1M8, Canada; Folly, K., University of Cape Town, Department of Electrical Engineering, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa	South Africa is in the grips of an electricity crisis. Currently, the bulk of power is produced at coal fired power stations which are located far from the large load centres. Solar energy is widely available in South Africa, and could be used to complement this coal based generation, and supply energy at the point of use. This paper aims to investigate the impact of residential solar water heating on power system transmission losses. Initially simulations were carried out in order to determine the impact of solar water heating on a household's electricity demand. These were done for households located in Cape Town, Johannesburg and Durban. A number of solar water heating installations in Cape Town were also monitored, in order to validate the simulation results. Lastly, a power system model was developed in order to investigate the possible impact of large-scale implementation of solar water heating, at varied penetration levels, on a transmission system. Using the model and the results obtained from the simulations, a utility impact analysis was carried out in order to determine the effect on transmission losses. It was concluded that large-scale implementation of solar water heating can be used as a means to alleviate loading and losses on power systems' transmission lines particularly during peak demand. © 2009 International Energy Initiative.	Power system losses; Solar water heating	coal-fired power plant; energy use; heating; household energy; model validation; Africa; Cape Town; Durban; Gauteng; Johannesburg; KwaZulu-Natal; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Western Cape	None
WoS	WOS:000208285300008	Impacts of public solar PV electrification on rural micro-enterprises: The case of Ghana	Evers, H-D,Obeng, G. Y.	2010	ENERGY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT	14	3	10.1016/j.esd.2010.07.005	University of Bonn, Kwame Nkrumah University Science & Technology, Kwame Nkrumah Univ Sci & Technol	"Evers, H-D: University of Bonn",	Micro-enterprises are a key component in rural enterprise creation and income generation. In rural areas far removed from grid-electricity, public solar photovoltaic (PV) electrification projects have served useful purposes by contributing to improve the economic activities of micro-enterprises beyond daylight hours. Through fee-for-service approach some rural micro-enterprises in Ghana were provided with access to solar PV systems to enhance their output. It is expected that the effect of solar PV electrification on enterprise output would be of research interest. However, the relationship is under-researched. Hence, there is lack of data particularly quantitative ones to show the benefits that can be derived from the sustainable use of solar PV to electrifiy rural micro-enterprises. Using systematic sampling and developing a set of enterprise-level indicators, micro-enterprises with and without solar PV were surveyed in eight rural communities in five regions of Ghana. The results revealed that the cost avoided by using solar PV in the enterprises instead of kerosene lanterns was US$1-5/month. The results established a statistically significant association between solar PV lighting and additional income after sunset of US$5-12/day in grocery (merchandise) enterprises. Without the external lighting of solar-electrified enterprises, the businesses of about two night vendors were affected. Further to the impacts on income and cost savings the study discussed affordability, factors preventing the extension of working hours after sunset and sustainability issues. (C) 2010 International Energy Initiative. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	"Additional income",GHANA,"Rural micro-enterprises","solar PV"	None	None
None	None	Performance evaluation of an enhanced fruit solar dryer using concentrating panels	Stiling J., Li S., Stroeve P., Thompson J., Mjawa B., Kornbluth K., Barrett D.M.	2012	Energy for Sustainable Development	16	2	10.1016/j.esd.2012.01.002	University of California Davis, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States; University of California Davis, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, 1 Shields Avenue., Davis, CA 95616, United States; University of California Davis, Biological and Agricultural Engineering, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Ministry of Agriculture Food Security and Cooperatives, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania; University of California Davis, Program for International Energy Technologies, Davis 95616, United States; University of California Davis, Food Science and Technology, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States	Stiling, J., University of California Davis, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Li, S., University of California Davis, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, 1 Shields Avenue., Davis, CA 95616, United States; Stroeve, P., University of California Davis, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, 1 Shields Avenue., Davis, CA 95616, United States; Thompson, J., University of California Davis, Biological and Agricultural Engineering, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Mjawa, B., Ministry of Agriculture Food Security and Cooperatives, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania; Kornbluth, K., University of California Davis, Program for International Energy Technologies, Davis 95616, United States; Barrett, D.M., University of California Davis, Food Science and Technology, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States	Concentrating solar panels (CSP) improve the process of solar drying Roma tomatoes. This paper presents a performance comparison between two mixed-mode solar dryers. The dryers were identically constructed, however one of the dryers utilized mobile and easily adjustable flat concentrating solar panels to maximize incident solar energy on the dryer. Temperatures inside the dryer that utilized the concentrating solar panels were approx. 10. °C higher than those in the normal dryer during the majority of a sunny day testing period. This increase in temperature led to shorter Roma tomato drying times in the dryer with CSP. The concentrating solar panels showed a considerable increase in drying rate on sunny days, with a 27% decrease in total drying time as compared to the normal dryer to reach the target dimensionless moisture content of 0.2. A less significant increase in drying capacity was achieved when the dryer was tested in simulated cloudy conditions. The faster drying rate achieved in the dryer utilizing solar concentrators, under both sunny and simulated cloudy conditions, demonstrates the ability to dry produce to an acceptable moisture content in a reasonable time, with the objective of reducing postharvest loss and preventing spoilage. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.	Concentrators; Drying; Hazy; Humidity; Solar; Tomato	humidity; performance assessment; solar power; vegetable; Lycopersicon esculentum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865413707	Performance evaluation and emission characterisation of three kerosene stoves using a Heterogeneous Stove Testing Protocol (HTP)	Makonese T., Pemberton-Pigott C., Robinson J., Kimemia D., Annegarn H.	2012	Energy for Sustainable Development	16	3	10.1016/j.esd.2012.06.002	Department of Geography Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa; SeTAR Centre, University of Johannesburg, Bunting Road Campus, Research Village House 6, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa	Makonese, T., Department of Geography Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa, SeTAR Centre, University of Johannesburg, Bunting Road Campus, Research Village House 6, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa; Pemberton-Pigott, C., SeTAR Centre, University of Johannesburg, Bunting Road Campus, Research Village House 6, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa; Robinson, J., Department of Geography Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa, SeTAR Centre, University of Johannesburg, Bunting Road Campus, Research Village House 6, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa; Kimemia, D., Department of Geography Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa, SeTAR Centre, University of Johannesburg, Bunting Road Campus, Research Village House 6, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa; Annegarn, H., Department of Geography Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa, SeTAR Centre, University of Johannesburg, Bunting Road Campus, Research Village House 6, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa	The combustion of kerosene fuel in poorly designed cookstoves is a major domestic source of poor indoor air quality and burn injuries in the developing world. It is argued that these challenges are best addressed by the development and dissemination of clean, safe and efficient cookstoves. In this study, three kerosene stoves including two wick stoves and one pressurised stove were tested for thermal performance and CO gas emissions using the Heterogeneous stove Testing Protocol (HTP) developed at the SeTAR Centre, University of Johannesburg. Results from the testing showed that the diameter of the pot had little effect on the performance of the tested kerosene stoves in terms of CO emissions, but it did have an effect on the thermal efficiency at the . high power setting. Power setting was found to influence the thermal efficiency and combustion performance of all stoves tested, indicating the need for assessment of the appliances across the full range of power settings (where feasible). The pressurised stove had lower CO emissions compared with the wick stoves. Conversely, the wick stoves depicted lower specific times to boil water and higher fuel efficiencies. These results provide essential information to stove designers, regulators and authorities interested in the dissemination of improved kerosene stoves. The variation of emissions and performance across the power band may be useful for improving national standards by correctly characterising novel technologies and improving the design of existing appliances under different operating conditions. Implications of improved kerosene stoves are improved health, improved access to modern energy, reduced fuel consumption and a reduction in energy poverty. © 2012 International Energy Initiative.	Energy poverty; Heterogeneous Testing Protocol; Indoor air quality; Kerosene; Paraffin; Stoves	air quality; carbon emission; carbon monoxide; combustion; cooking appliance; energy conservation; fuel consumption; indoor air; performance assessment	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865406457	The benefits and potential impacts of household cooking fuel substitution with bio-ethanol produced from cassava feedstock in Nigeria	Ohimain E.I.	2012	Energy for Sustainable Development	16	3	10.1016/j.esd.2012.06.003	Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina A and T State University, 1601 E. Market St., Greensboro, NC 27411, United States; Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science	Ohimain, E.I., Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina A and T State University, 1601 E. Market St., Greensboro, NC 27411, United States, Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Amassoma, Bayelsa State, Nigeria	The major cooking fuels in Nigeria, which are fuel wood and kerosene, face supply difficulties, price instabilities, safety, health and environmental challenges. In response to these challenges, the Federal Government of Nigeria recently announced the partial replacement of these cooking fuels with bio-ethanol produced from cassava in a project called 'cassakero'. The project involves the installation of 10,000 micro-scale bio-refineries across the country with a combined capacity of 4millionliters per day. The project includes the establishment of a 400,000ha cassava farm to supply cassava feedstock to the ethanol refineries. Though the detailed design of the project is not yet available, the aim of this paper is to appraise the project with the aim of highlighting the benefits of the project for enhancement while emphasizing the potential negative impacts for mitigation. The results of the appraisal revealed that the project will be beneficial in terms of job creation, boost rural agriculture, conserve forest from fuel wood exploitation, alleviate poverty and prevent indoor pollution. The impact of the project on greenhouse gas emission is ambiguous. While the shift to ethanol cooking fuel will release less CO 2 comparatively, the conversion of 400,000ha of forest to cassava farm, the use of fossil fuel for processing cassava tubers to ethanol, fermentation of cassava starch and the use of agro-chemicals will release CO 2 as well. Other potential negative impacts of the project include large input of water and energy and the production of large volume of waste stream, which need to be handled. There is a potential food versus fuel conflict, especially if the current production of cassava is not scaled up to meet the several emerging projects in Nigeria requiring cassava feedstock. © 2012 International Energy Initiative.	Cassakero; Cooking fuel; Ethanol; Fuel wood; Gel fuel; Kerosene	alternative energy; biofuel; cassava; cooking appliance; energy policy; ethanol; fuel consumption; poverty alleviation; renewable resource; Nigeria; Manihot esculenta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884813613	The impact of rural electrification on rural micro-enterprises in niger delta, nigeria	Akpan U., Essien M., Isihak S.	2013	Energy for Sustainable Development	17	5	10.1016/j.esd.2013.06.004	Sustainability, Policy, Innovative Development Research (SPIDER) Solutions Nigeria, 15 Etim Umana Street, Eniong Offot, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria	Akpan, U., Sustainability, Policy, Innovative Development Research (SPIDER) Solutions Nigeria, 15 Etim Umana Street, Eniong Offot, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria; Essien, M., Sustainability, Policy, Innovative Development Research (SPIDER) Solutions Nigeria, 15 Etim Umana Street, Eniong Offot, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria; Isihak, S., Sustainability, Policy, Innovative Development Research (SPIDER) Solutions Nigeria, 15 Etim Umana Street, Eniong Offot, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria	This study examines the impact of rural electrification through extension of existing grid on rural micro-enterprises in Niger Delta, Nigeria. The study used purposive sampling and obtained data using structured questionnaires and personal interviews with the owners of the micro-enterprises. From the data, summary information was obtained and the impact of connection to grid-electricity on the micro-enterprises was examined using a log-linear regression model. The result shows that although not statistically significant, on average, enterprises in communities connected to the electricity grid are 16.2% more profitable than enterprises in communities not connected to the grid, and the use of generating sets in providing back-up electricity makes micro-enterprises more profitable. The study also observed that micro-enterprise owners are fully aware of the importance of electricity access to the profitability of their businesses and those who can afford to buy generating sets willingly do so. Incidentally, the total expenditure on generating sets by some enterprises is up to three times (3. ×) the tariff for grid-electricity in rural areas. The high cost of self-generated electricity increases the total cost of doing business in rural areas thus reducing the profit margin of the micro-enterprises. In conclusion, for rural electrification to be more effective in improving the living standard of rural dwellers, the larger problem of increasing the national generating capacity and the availability of grid-electricity should be tackled, and rural electrification programs should be carried out alongside other programs that reduce the barriers to establishing micro-enterprises like the creation of rural agricultural co-operatives to promote the productive use of electricity. © 2013 International Energy Initiative.	Impact; Micro-enterprises; Niger Delta; Nigeria; Rural areas; Rural electrification	cooperative sector; expenditure; microenterprise; profitability; regression analysis; rural area; rural electrification; rural energy; tariff structure; Niger Delta; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896710185	Experimental energy and exergy performance of a solar receiver for a domestic parabolic dish concentrator for teaching purposes	Mawire A., Taole S.H.	2014	Energy for Sustainable Development	19	1	10.1016/j.esd.2014.01.004	Department of Physics and Electronics, North West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa	Mawire, A., Department of Physics and Electronics, North West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Taole, S.H., Department of Physics and Electronics, North West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa	An experimental setup to investigate the thermal performance of a cylindrical cavity receiver for an SK-14 parabolic dish concentrator is presented in this technical note. The thermal performance is evaluated using energy and exergy analyses. The receiver exergy rates and efficiencies are found to be appreciably smaller than the receiver energy rates and efficiencies. The exergy factor parameter is also proposed for quantifying the thermal performance. The exergy factor is found to be high under conditions of high solar radiation and under high operating temperatures. The heat loss factor of the receiver is determined to be around 4.6. W/K. An optical efficiency of around 52% for parabolic dish system is determined under high solar radiation conditions. This experimental setup can be used as teaching tool for people with little or no knowledge about solar dish concentrators due its simplicity and the basic mathematical formulations applied. Different types of receivers and different types of deep focal region parabolic dishes can also be tested with the experimental setup. © 2014 International Energy Initiative.	Domestic; Energy and exergy; Experimental; Parabolic dish concentrator; Solar receiver; Teaching	alternative energy; energy; exergy; numerical model; renewable resource; solar power; solar radiation; teaching	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898957144	System wide impacts of fuel usage patterns in the Ethiopian highlands: Potentials for breaking the negative reinforcing feedback cycles	Duguma L.A., Minang P.A., Freeman O.E., Hager H.	2014	Energy for Sustainable Development	20	1	10.1016/j.esd.2014.03.004	ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins, P.O. Box 30677, UN Avenue, Gigiri, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Peter Jordanstr. 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria; World Agroforestry Centre, P.O. Box 30677, UN Avenue, Gigiri, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya	Duguma, L.A., ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins, P.O. Box 30677, UN Avenue, Gigiri, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya, World Agroforestry Centre, P.O. Box 30677, UN Avenue, Gigiri, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Minang, P.A., ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins, P.O. Box 30677, UN Avenue, Gigiri, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya, World Agroforestry Centre, P.O. Box 30677, UN Avenue, Gigiri, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Freeman, O.E., ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins, P.O. Box 30677, UN Avenue, Gigiri, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya, World Agroforestry Centre, P.O. Box 30677, UN Avenue, Gigiri, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Hager, H., Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Peter Jordanstr. 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria	Due to scarcity of firewood, farmers in rural Ethiopia are forced to use cattle dung as a complementary energy source. By looking at patterns of firewood and cattle dung use for energy generation and their implications for food crop production, forest regeneration and community level emission reduction potentials, this study explores system interactions using a community living next to the Menagesha Suba state forest in Ethiopia as a case study. Mixed methods were used including household surveys, nutrient content analyses of firewood and cattle dung, and calculations of fuel and emission reductions for four cooking energy efficiency scenarios. It was found that the community and surrounding environment is stuck in a negative feedback cycle. Therefore shifts in current practices and systems are needed to break this cycle, for example by enhancing firewood supply, improving soil fertility, improving energy efficiency and enabling access to carbon financing for emissions reduced. © 2014 Elsevier Inc.	Cattle dung; Crop production; Emission reductions; Ethiopian highlands; Firewood; Nutrient cycling	crop production; emission control; energy efficiency; fuel; household survey; manure; nutrient cycling; soil fertility; wood; Ethiopian Highlands; Bos	FTA, Federal Transit Administration
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939222284	Impacts of household energy programs on fuel consumption in Benin, Uganda, and India	Garland C., Jagoe K., Wasirwa E., Nguyen R., Roth C., Patel A., Shah N., Derby E., Mitchell J., Pennise D., Johnson M.A.	2015	Energy for Sustainable Development	27	None	10.1016/j.esd.2014.05.005	Berkeley Air Monitoring Group, 2124 Kittredge St #57, Berkeley, CA, United States; Wana Energy Solutions, Uganda; Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), FABEN Project, Benin; Food and Fuel Consultants, Germany; Alpha Renewable Energy, Pvt. Ltd., India; Self Employed Women's Association, India; Winrock International, United States; United States Environmental Protection Agency, United States	Garland, C., Berkeley Air Monitoring Group, 2124 Kittredge St #57, Berkeley, CA, United States; Jagoe, K., Berkeley Air Monitoring Group, 2124 Kittredge St #57, Berkeley, CA, United States; Wasirwa, E., Wana Energy Solutions, Uganda; Nguyen, R., Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), FABEN Project, Benin; Roth, C., Food and Fuel Consultants, Germany; Patel, A., Alpha Renewable Energy, Pvt. Ltd., India; Shah, N., Self Employed Women's Association, India; Derby, E., Winrock International, United States; Mitchell, J., United States Environmental Protection Agency, United States; Pennise, D., Berkeley Air Monitoring Group, 2124 Kittredge St #57, Berkeley, CA, United States; Johnson, M.A., Berkeley Air Monitoring Group, 2124 Kittredge St #57, Berkeley, CA, United States	This paper presents results of three United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) sponsored field studies which assessed the fuel consumption impacts of household energy programs in Benin, Uganda, and Gujarat, India. These studies expand on a previous round of U.S. EPA supported efforts to build field testing capacity and collect stove performance data in Peru, Nepal, and Maharashtra, India. Daily fuel consumption estimates of traditional and intervention technologies were made using the Kitchen Performance Test (KPT) protocol to determine the potential fuel savings associated with the respective programs. The programs in Benin and Gujarat, India resulted in significant fuel savings of approximately 29% and 61%, respectively. In Uganda, the homes using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) consumed approximately 31% less charcoal than those not using LPG, although the total energy consumption per household was similar between the baseline and LPG user groups. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Biofuel; Cookstoves; Fuel savings; Kitchen Performance Test; Stove performance testing	biofuel; cooking appliance; energy use; fuel consumption; household energy; liquefied petroleum gas; performance assessment; Benin [West Africa]; Gujarat; India; Maharashtra; Nepal; Peru; Uganda; United States	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921272087	Rapid mapping and impact estimation of illegal charcoal production in southern Somalia based on WorldView-1 imagery	Bolognesi M., Vrieling A., Rembold F., Gadain H.	2015	Energy for Sustainable Development	25	None	10.1016/j.esd.2014.12.008	Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Somalia Water and Land Information Management (SWALIM) Project, P.O. Box 30470-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, AE Enschede, Netherlands; Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, MARS Unit, Via Fermi 2749 TP. 266, Ispra (VA), Italy	Bolognesi, M., Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Somalia Water and Land Information Management (SWALIM) Project, P.O. Box 30470-00100, Nairobi, Kenya, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, AE Enschede, Netherlands; Vrieling, A., Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, AE Enschede, Netherlands; Rembold, F., Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, MARS Unit, Via Fermi 2749 TP. 266, Ispra (VA), Italy; Gadain, H., Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Somalia Water and Land Information Management (SWALIM) Project, P.O. Box 30470-00100, Nairobi, Kenya	Following more than 20years of civil unrest, environmental information for southern Somalia is scarce. Wood charcoal production and export is a major activity supporting war regimes in this area such as the extreme Islamist group Al-Shabaab. However, little quantitative information exists on the extent of this charcoal production. In this study, we developed a semi-automatic detection method to identify charcoal production sites from very high resolution (0.5m) satellite imagery. We then applied it to a 4700km2 area along the Juba River in southern Somalia using 2011 and 2013 WorldView-1 imagery. Based on the sites detected exclusively for 2013 we estimated an average production of 24,000tonnes of charcoal and 2.7% tree loss for the two-year interval, using literature- and local-knowledge-based assumptions on likely ranges of kiln and tree parameters. Our large-area assessment helps to better understand the dimension and impact of charcoal production in southern Somalia and reveals a rapid depletion of tree cover. The analysis provides a first step towards the development of a charcoal production monitoring system that could be extended to other parts of the country. © 2015 International Energy Initiative.	Al-Shabaab; Forest degradation; Object-based image analysis; Remote sensing; Woodfuel	charcoal; detection method; environmental impact assessment; fuelwood; land degradation; mapping; minority group; monitoring system; satellite imagery; Jubba River; Somalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881247342	An exploration of the impact of students' prior genre knowledge on their constructions of 'audience' in a Marketing course at postgraduate level	Bangeni B.	2013	English for Specific Purposes	32	4	10.1016/j.esp.2013.05.001	Academic Development Programme, University of Cape Town, Hoerikwaggo Building, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Bangeni, B., Academic Development Programme, University of Cape Town, Hoerikwaggo Building, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	This article explores the development of audience awareness for two English additional language (EAL) graduate students making the transition from undergraduate Social Science disciplines into the professional discipline of Marketing at a South African university. The article examines the ways in which their conceptualisations of 'audience' shape their negotiation of the generic move structure informing a dominant genre within the discipline: the written case analysis. I argue that the students' struggle with realising the communicative purposes of the genre in their analyses has implications for how they engage with disciplinary theory within crucial moves. Data yielded by semi-structured interviews, reflection papers, as well as selected case analyses written by the students in the initial months of their postgraduate year illustrate how this struggle can be traced to a mismatch between their embodied understandings of the concept of 'audience' which are transported from undergraduate learning contexts, and 'audience' as prescribed by the communicative purpose of the written case analysis within a professional discipline. In making this argument, the article examines the ways in which an antecedent genre, the Social Science argumentative essay, contributes to this mismatch. The article concludes by outlining the pedagogical implications of the findings from an ESP perspective. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Antecedent genre; Audience awareness; Disciplinarity; Prior genre knowledge; Transition; Written case analysis	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-82255179058	Using OVA modeling to improve classification performance for large datasets	Lutu P.E.N., Engelbrecht A.P.	2012	Expert Systems with Applications	39	4	10.1016/j.eswa.2011.09.156	Department of Computer Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Lutu, P.E.N., Department of Computer Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Engelbrecht, A.P., Department of Computer Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa	One-Versus-All (OVA) classification is a classifier construction method where a k-class prediction task is decomposed into k 2-class sub-problems. One base model is constructed for each sub-problem and the base models are then combined into one model. Aggregate model implementation is the process of constructing several base models which are then combined into a single model for prediction. In essence, OVA classification is a method of aggregate modeling. This paper reports studies that were conducted to establish whether OVA classification can provide predictive performance gains when large volumes of data are available for modeling as is commonly the case in data mining. It is demonstrated in this paper that firstly, OVA modeling can be used to increase the amount of training data while at the same time using base model training sets whose size is much smaller than the total amount of available training data. Secondly, OVA models created from large datasets provide a higher level of predictive performance compared to single k-class models. Thirdly, the use of boosted OVA base models can provide higher predictive performance compared to un-boosted OVA base models. Fourthly, when the combination algorithm for base model predictions is able to resolve tied predictions, the resulting aggregate models provide a higher level of predictive performance. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Boosting; Dataset partitioning; Dataset sampling; Dataset selection; Ensemble classification; Model aggregation; OVA classification; ROC analysis	Aggregate model; Base models; Boosting; Classification performance; Construction method; Data sets; Ensemble classification; Large datasets; Prediction tasks; Predictive performance; ROC analysis; Sub-problems; Training data; Forecasting; Classification (of information)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872867008	The performance evaluation of a spectrum sensing implementation using an automatic modulation classification detection method with a Universal Software Radio Peripheral	Popoola J.J., Van Olst R.	2013	Expert Systems with Applications	40	6	10.1016/j.eswa.2012.10.047	Centre for Telecommunications Access and Services, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Popoola, J.J., Centre for Telecommunications Access and Services, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Van Olst, R., Centre for Telecommunications Access and Services, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Based on the inherent capability of automatic modulation classification (AMC), a new spectrum sensing method is proposed in this paper that can detect all forms of primary users' signals in a cognitive radio environment. The study presented in this paper focuses on the sensing of some combined analog and digitally primary modulated signals. In achieving this objective, a combined analog and digital automatic modulation classifier was developed using an artificial neural network (ANN). The ANN classifier was combined with a GNU Radio and Universal Software Radio Peripheral version 2 (USRP2) to develop the Cognitive Radio Engine (CRE) for detecting primary users' signals in a cognitive radio environment. The detailed information on the development and performance of the CRE are presented in this paper. The performance evaluation of the developed CRE shows that the engine can reliably detect all the primary modulated signals considered. Comparative performance evaluation carried out on the detection method presented in this paper shows that the proposed detection method performs favorably against the energy detection method currently acclaimed the best detection method. The study results reveal that a single detection method that can reliably detect all forms of primary radio signals in a cognitive radio environment, can only be developed if a feature common to all radio signals is used in its development rather than using features that are peculiar to certain signal types only. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Cognitive radio; Hierarchical access model; Performance evaluation metrics; Spectrum holes; Spectrum sensing techniques	Access models; Automatic modulation; Automatic modulation classification; Cognitive radio engine; Detection methods; Energy detection; GNU radio; Modulated signal; Performance evaluation; Radio environment; Radio signals; Spectrum holes; Spectrum sensing; Amplitude modulation; Cognitive radio; Neural networks; Sensors; Signal detection	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874652403	Neuro-Fuzzy Expert System for evaluating the performance of Distributed Software System Architecture	Akinnuwesi B.A., Uzoka F.-M.E., Osamiluyi A.O.	2013	Expert Systems with Applications	40	9	10.1016/j.eswa.2012.12.039	Department of Information Technology, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Canada; Department of Computer Science and Technology, Bells Universit	Akinnuwesi, B.A., Department of Information Technology, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Uzoka, F.-M.E., Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Canada; Osamiluyi, A.O., Department of Computer Science and Technology, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	A Neuro-Fuzzy Performance Evaluation Model (NFPEM) proposed in Akinnuwesi, Uzoka, Olabiyisi, and Omidiora (2012) was reviewed in this work with the view of modifying it and thus making it flexible and scalable. The neuro-fuzzy expert system (NFES) reported in this paper is an enhancement to NFPEM with expert system components. NFES can be used to evaluate the performance of Distributed Software System Architecture (DSSA) with user-centric variables as parameters for performance measurement. The algorithm developed for NFES was implemented using Coldfusion programming language and MySQL relational database management system. The prototype of NFES was simulated using some life data and the performance results obtained point to the DSSA responsiveness to the users' requirements that are defined at the requirements definition phase of the software development process. Thus the performance value is a qualitative value representing DSSA (i.e. system) responsiveness. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Distributed Software System Architecture; Evaluation; Expert system; Organizational variable; Performance; Responsiveness	Distributed software system; Evaluation; Organizational variable; Performance; Responsiveness; Computer software; Database systems; Expert systems	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908042446	Knowledge management capabilities and firm performance: A test of universalistic, contingency and complementarity perspectives	Cohen J.F., Olsen K.	2014	Expert Systems with Applications	42	3	10.1016/j.eswa.2014.09.002	University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg, Wits, South Africa	Cohen, J.F., University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg, Wits, South Africa; Olsen, K., University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg, Wits, South Africa	Competing theoretical perspectives regarding the effects of knowledge management (KM) on performance have underpinned past empirical studies. By explicitly surfacing and comparing three such perspectives, we contribute to the theoretical advancement of the KM field. We develop hypotheses consistent with the underlying logics of universalistic, complementarity and contingency theories and we empirically test these hypotheses to determine which is best supported. Data was collected from a sample of hospitality services firms operating in South Africa. Our results show that the universalistic perspective is less preferred. We find support for the complementarity perspective by revealing that codification and human capital KM capabilities interact to influence customer service outcomes. The contingency perspective also received support as the links between KM capabilities and performance were found to be contingent on the business strategy of the firm. Our results suggest that future researchers should explicitly acknowledge the theoretical perspective from which they are observing the performance impacts of KM and ensure that empirical tests are consistent with the logic of the selected perspective. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Complementarity; Contingency; Firm performance; Human capital; Knowledge management; Universalistic	Complementarity; Contingency; Firm Performance; Human capitals; Universalistic; Knowledge management	National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951976730	Evaluation of lead and mercury neurotoxic health risk by resident children in the Obuasi municipality, Ghana	Obiri S., Dodoo D.K., Armah F.A., Essumang D.K., Cobbina S.J.	2010	Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology	29	3	10.1016/j.etap.2010.01.001	CSIR - Water Research Institute, P.O. Box AH 38, Achimota Accra, Ghana; Centre for Environmental Impact Analysis, P.O. Box AD 738, Cape Coast, Ghana; Department of Environmental Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; CSIR - Water Research Institute, P.O. Box TL 695, Tamale, Ghana	Obiri, S., CSIR - Water Research Institute, P.O. Box AH 38, Achimota Accra, Ghana, Centre for Environmental Impact Analysis, P.O. Box AD 738, Cape Coast, Ghana; Dodoo, D.K., Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Armah, F.A., Centre for Environmental Impact Analysis, P.O. Box AD 738, Cape Coast, Ghana, Department of Environmental Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Essumang, D.K., Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Cobbina, S.J., CSIR - Water Research Institute, P.O. Box TL 695, Tamale, Ghana	This study assesses neurotoxic effects associated with exposure to lead and mercury in borehole, tap and surface water by resident children in the Obuasi municipality in accordance with USEPA risk assessment guidelines. From the results of the study, the hazard quotient for oral ingestion of mercury in tap water in Obuasi is 7.4 and 15 respectively via both central tendency exposure (CTE) and reasonable maximum exposure (RME) parameters, respectively. This means that approximately 7 and 15 (by both CTE and RME parameters, respectively) resident children in Obuasi are likely to show neurologic effects associated with exposure to mercury and lead such as increased nervousness, loss of memory and/or decrease in concentration, impaired writing ability and tremor. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.	Ghana; Hazard quotient; Lead; Mercury; Neurotoxicity; Obuasi municipality; Resident children	lead; mercury; surface water; tap water; amnesia; article; concentration loss; controlled study; disease association; environmental exposure; fluid intake; Ghana; health hazard; lead poisoning; mercurialism; nervousness; neurotoxicity; priority journal; quality control; risk assessment; tremor; water sampling; writing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051578942	Evaluation of four Cameroonian medicinal plants for anticancer, antigonorrheal and antireverse transcriptase activities	Mbaveng A.T., Kuete V., Mapunya B.M., Beng V.P., Nkengfack A.E., Meyer J.J.M., Lall N.	2011	Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology	32	2	10.1016/j.etap.2011.04.006	Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon; Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Mbaveng, A.T., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon; Kuete, V., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon, Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Mapunya, B.M., Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Beng, V.P., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon; Nkengfack, A.E., Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon; Meyer, J.J.M., Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Lall, N., Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon	Methanol extracts from the leaves, bark and roots of four Cameroonian medicinal plants, Bersama engleriana, Cupressus lusitanica, Vitellaria paradoxa and Guibourtia tessmannii were tested for their in vitro cytotoxicity, antigonorrheal and antireverse transcriptase activities. The XTT (2,3-bis[2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxyanilide inner salt) assay, the dilution method and reverse transcriptase (RT) assay were used for the investigations. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of the extracts was also conducted using standard methods. Results showed that all extracts contained compounds belonging to the classes of phenols and terpenoids. They were also able to reduce in dose dependent manner, the proliferation of the cancer THP-1, DU145, HeLa, MCF-7, HepG2 and the normal Vero cells. IC50 values below 30μg/ml were noted with extract from the three parts of B. engleriana on at least two of the five studied cancer cell lines, the lowest value of 5.9μg/ml being obtained with sample from the bark. IC50 values below 30μg/ml were also recorded with extracts from the leaves (on HeLa cells) and bark (on MCF-7) of G. tessmanii, and that from the bark of C. lusitanica on MCF-7. Extracts from B. engleriana and those from the bark of V. paradoxa gave the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values below 100μg/ml on most of the 10 tested Nesseria gonorrhoeae strains. Extracts from B. engleriana also inhibited more than 80% the activity of the Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) enzyme. Finally, the results of the present study provide baseline information for the use of B. engleriana, C. lusitanica, G. tessmanii, V. paradoxa. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	Anti-gonorrheal; Anti-reverse transcriptase; Anticancer; Medicinal plants	2,3 bis[2 methoxy 4 nitro 5 sulfophenyl] 2h tetrazolium 5 carboxyanilide inner salt; anilide; anthraquinone derivative; antineoplastic agent; Bersama engleriana extract; Cupressus lusitanica extract; doxorubicin; flavonoid; Guibourtia tessmannii extract; methanol; phenol derivative; plant extract; RNA directed DNA polymerase inhibitor; tannin derivative; terpenoid derivative; unclassified drug; Vitellaria paradoxa extract; animal cell; antibacterial activity; antineoplastic activity; article; bacterial strain; bark; Bersama engleriana; Cameroon; cancer cell culture; cancer inhibition; cell strain DU145; cell strain HepG2; cell strain MCF 7; cell strain THP 1; concentration response; controlled study; Cupressus; Cupressus lusitanica; dilution; drug cytotoxicity; drug isolation; drug screening; enzyme assay; enzyme inhibition; Guibourtia tessmannii; HeLa cell; human; human cell; IC 50; in vitro study; medicinal plant; minimum inhibitory concentration; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant leaf; plant root; priority journal; Vero cell; Vitellaria paradoxa; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Cameroon; Cell Line, Tumor; Cercopithecus aethiops; Gonorrhea; HIV Reverse Transcriptase; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Neoplasms; Phenols; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Terpenes; Vero Cells; Bersama; Cupressus lusitanica; Guibourtia tessmannii; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Vitellaria paradoxa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955512034	Biochemical evaluation of leachate-contaminated groundwater on the kidney of Albino rats	Adeyemi O., Oloyede O.B., Oladiji A.T.	2010	Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology	62	5	10.1016/j.etp.2009.06.008	Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, PMB 1221, Effurun, Delta State, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Adeyemi, O., Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, PMB 1221, Effurun, Delta State, Nigeria; Oloyede, O.B., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Oladiji, A.T., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	The effect of leachate-contaminated groundwater on the cells of the kidney was evaluated. Serum Na+ concentration of control rats was observed to be 120±1.0nmol/l while that of rat placed on simulated leachate was 180±4.0nmol/l. Serum K+, urea and creatinine concentrations of rats placed on simulated leachate and leachate-contaminated groundwater were significantly higher(p&lt;0.05) than those of control rats. The activity of Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of the kidney and serum, respectively, observed for the control rats were (237±3.70 and 0.37±0.01)nmol/min/mg protein while (116±4.20 and 3.17±0.20)nmol/min/mg protein was the ALP activity of kidney and serum, respectively, observed for the rats placed on simulated leachate. Histological examination of the kidney of the control rats showed no visible lesion while that of rats placed on simulated leachate showed extensive necrosis of muscle fibres and cellular infiltration by macrophages. It is viewed that leachate-contaminated groundwater may damage kidney cells and impair renal function. © 2009 Elsevier GmbH.	Contaminated water; Enzymes; Groundwater; Kidney; Leachate	alkaline phosphatase; creatinine; ground water; potassium ion; sodium ion; urea; alkaline phosphatase blood level; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; biochemistry; bleeding; cell damage; cell infiltration; controlled study; creatinine blood level; enzyme activity; histopathology; kidney cell; kidney dysfunction; kidney parenchyma; leaching; macrophage; muscle necrosis; nonhuman; potassium blood level; rat; simulation; sodium blood level; urea blood level; water contamination; Animals; Creatinine; Kidney; Kidney Function Tests; Rats; Urea; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84946493467	Safety evaluation of aqueous root extract of Hermannia geniculata EckL. & Zeyh. (Streculiaceae) in Wistar rats	Kazeem M.I., Ashafa A.O.T.	2015	European Journal of Integrative Medicine	7	5	10.1016/j.eujim.2015.04.002	Phytomedicine and Phytopharmacology Research Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa Campus, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa	Kazeem, M.I., Phytomedicine and Phytopharmacology Research Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa Campus, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa; Ashafa, A.O.T., Phytomedicine and Phytopharmacology Research Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa Campus, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa	Introduction: Hermannia geniculata is a medicinal plant used by the Basotho tribe (South Africa) for the management of diarrhoea and sugar-related disorders either individually or in synergy with orthodox antidiabetic drugs. Methods: Aqueous root extract of Hermannia geniculata was evaluated for its safety and or toxicity in Wistar rats. A preliminary evaluation in rats observed signs of toxicity over a 14 day period after a single oral dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight of H. geniculata extract. Detailed experiments were then conducted by orally administering graded doses (75, 150 and 300 mg/kg) of H. geniculata extract to rats daily for 28 days. Behavioural changes as well as haematological, biochemical and histological parameters were then evaluated. Results: The extract significantly reduced (p<. 0.05) white blood cells and other haematological parameters. The levels of conjugated bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and calcium ion were also significantly affected (p<. 0.05) by the administration of H. geniculata extracts. Histopathological study on the lungs, liver, kidney and heart of the animals after treatment with H. geniculata extract, showed that the organs were not structurally different compared to that of the control. Conclusions: Results suggest that at these doses the administration of aqueous root extract of H. geniculata to Wistar rats did not produce any deleterious effect on the livers, kidneys, lungs or hearts of the animals. However, caution is needed as continuous usage could lead to reduction of systemic immunity. © 2015 Elsevier GmbH.	Hermannia geniculata; Pharmacology; Safety; Toxicity testing; White blood cells	alanine aminotransferase; alkaline phosphatase; aspartate aminotransferase; bilirubin; bilirubin glucuronide; calcium; calcium ion; Hermannia geniculata plant extract; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; plant extract; unclassified drug; alanine aminotransferase blood level; alkaline phosphatase blood level; animal tissue; Article; aspartate aminotransferase blood level; basophil; bilirubin blood level; body weight; calcium blood level; controlled study; drug safety; eosinophil count; hematological parameters; Hermannia geniculata; histopathology; LD50; leukocyte count; lymphocyte count; male; medicinal plant; monocyte; nonhuman; organ weight; plant root; priority journal; rat; toxicity testing; Wistar rat	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-47249096566	Improved oxygen barrier performance of poly(vinyl alcohol) films through hydrogen bond complex with poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic acid)	Labuschagne P.W., Germishuizen W.A., C. Verryn S.M., Moolman F.S.	2008	European Polymer Journal	44	7	10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.04.015	Polymers and Bioceramics, Materials Science and Manufacturing, CSIR, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; X-ray Analytical Facility, Department of Geology, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hillcrest, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Labuschagne, P.W., Polymers and Bioceramics, Materials Science and Manufacturing, CSIR, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Germishuizen, W.A., Polymers and Bioceramics, Materials Science and Manufacturing, CSIR, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; C. Verryn, S.M., X-ray Analytical Facility, Department of Geology, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hillcrest, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Moolman, F.S., Polymers and Bioceramics, Materials Science and Manufacturing, CSIR, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Hydrogen bonding between poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic acid) (PMVE-MA) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) has resulted in films with lower oxygen transmission rates (OTR) than pure PVOH. In the range 20-30% (w/w) PMVE-MA, complexation between the two polymers in the blend was maximized, as shown by viscometry, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis. OTR measurements have shown that the maximum interpolymer complexation ratio also correlates with the lowest OTR values of the resulting film. The improved oxygen barrier properties are believed to be a combination of the relatively intact PVOH crystalline regions as shown with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and a higher degree of hydrogen bonding in the amorphous regions of the PVOH and PMVE-MA films as indicated by glass transition temperature (Tg) shifts. This leads to denser amorphous regions that reduces the rate of gases diffusing through the polymer film, hence the reduced OTR. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Free-volume; Hydrogen bonding; Interpolymer complexation; Permeability	Amorphous films; Broadband amplifiers; Cobalt; Complexation; Deposits; Differential scanning calorimetry; Ethers; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Fourier transforms; Glass bonding; Glass transition; Hydrogen; Infrared spectroscopy; Laser interferometry; Organic compounds; Oxygen; Oxygen permeable membranes; Scanning; Spectroscopic analysis; X ray analysis; X ray diffraction analysis; X ray films; (p ,p ,t) measurements; Amorphous regions; Crystalline regions; Differential scanning calorimetry (photo-DSC); Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (MIT FTIR); Glass transition temperature (Tg); Hydrogen bondings; Interpolymer complexation; Maleic acid (MA); methyl vinyl ether (PMVE); Oxygen barrier properties; Oxygen barriers; Oxygen transmission rates (OTR); Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOL); X ray diffraction (XRD); Hydrogen bonds	None
WoS	WOS:000242694600004	Development of a participatory monitoring and evaluation strategy	Forde, Sarah,Holte-McKenzie, Merydth,Theobald, Sally	2006	EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING	29	4	10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2006.08.007	Agriteam Canada Consulting Ltd, Moving Goalposts Kilifi, Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med	None	This paper describes the process of developing a participatory monitoring and evaluation strategy for a Kenyan youth-based NGO. The iterative nature of the study including the process of narrowing down indicators to measure and methods to monitor/evaluate these is well documented. A discussion on the extent to which the process achieved participation and was empowering for the participants reflects on existing power relationships and cultural context of Kenya and points to the need to create opportunities for youth where they engage with the broader community. Lessons that emerge out of the study focus on the importance of prioritizing monitoring and evaluation, the potential of youth to carry out effective monitoring and evaluation, and the need for researchers to engage respectfully with communities and participants. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd.	"capacity building",EMPOWERMENT,evaluation,MONITORING,participatory,YOUTH,HEALTH-CARE,"WOMENS EMPOWERMENT"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000256016000009	When the trivial becomes meaningful: Reflections on a process evaluation of a home visitation programme in South Africa	Marais, Sandra,Munro, Salla,Odendaal, Willem A.,Van Niekerk, Ashley	2008	EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING	31	2	10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2008.02.006	South African Medical Research Council, University of South Africa	"Marais, Sandra: South African Medical Research Council","Munro, Salla: South African Medical Research Council","Van Niekerk, Ashley: South African Medical Research Council",	This paper reflects on a process evaluation of a home visitation programme in South Africa. The programme, implemented in two low-income communities, focused on the reduction of risks to unintentional childhood injuries. The evaluation comprised a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, including observations in conjunction with an evaluator's journal, diaries kept by the home visitors, interviews and focus group discussions. Short questionnaires were administered to programme staff and home visitors. Caregivers were visited to attain their assessment of visitors and the programme. These methods resulted in a detailed description of implementation processes, but more importantly gave insight into the experiences and perceptions of the social actors, i.e. programme staff, visitors and caregivers. It also offered possible explanations for the difference in the intervention effect between the two sites. Two major challenges to the evaluation were: (i) the power-imbalance between the evaluator and community participants (visitors and caregivers) and (ii) the language- and cultural barriers between evaluator and community participants. The evaluation demonstrated that process information can contribute towards explaining outcome results, but also that active participation from all social actors is a necessary condition if process evaluations are to result in programme improvement. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	"home visitation","process evaluation","QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE METHODS","unintentional childhood injuries","PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH",PREVENTION,RISK	None	None
WoS	WOS:000340988400006	Priority setting for evaluation: Developing a strategic evaluation portfolio	Battaglino, C.,Norgbey, S.,Spilsbury, M. J.	2014	EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING	46	None	10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2014.05.008	United Nations Headquarters Nairobi	None	Resources for evaluation are frequently scarce and best use should be made of them to deliver against the typical purposes of an evaluation function to (i) enhance accountability and (ii) promote operational improvement and learning. This paper presents a method for analyzing and prioritizing potential evaluations to improve the selection of a portfolio of activities that give the greatest pay-off. The method establishes the relative priority of 'evaluation opportunities' against criteria that relate to the usual primary purposes of an evaluation function. The method was developed in the context of a multilateral organization but is of general utility to the wider evaluation community and, with suitable adaptation can be applied to help ensure that scarce evaluation resources are used to their best advantage. A range of benefits are expected to accrue to an organization from adopting a more thorough, analytical priority setting process. These include: Enhancing the relevance of evaluations to the wider organizational agenda Providing structured justification for allocating funds to evaluation activities More transparent, predictable decision-making Enabling realignment of evaluation priorities with changing needs and circumstances Improved credibility with stakeholders Providing a clear direction and sense of purpose to evaluation staff Documenting a clear framework for the development of an organization's evaluation portfolio. The paper describes a priority setting method, including the key criteria that are used to assess 'evaluation opportunities', and presents different analyses of an evaluation portfolio. Examples from a practical application of the approach to the preparation of an evaluation work plan in a multilateral environmental agency are given. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907330626	A framework for monitoring social process and outcomes in environmental programs	Chapman S.	2014	Evaluation and Program Planning	47	None	10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2014.07.004	Institute for Monitoring and Evaluation, Section of Organisational Psychology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa	Chapman, S., Institute for Monitoring and Evaluation, Section of Organisational Psychology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa	When environmental programs frame their activities as being in the service of human wellbeing, social variables need to be integrated into monitoring and evaluation (M&E) frameworks. This article draws upon ecosystem services theory to develop a framework to guide the M&E of collaborative environmental programs with anticipated social benefits. The framework has six components: program need, program activities, pathway process variables, moderating process variables, outcomes, and program value. Needs are defined in terms of ecosystem services, as well as other human needs that must be addressed to achieve outcomes. The pathway variable relates to the development of natural resource governance capacity in the target community. Moderating processes can be externalities such as the inherent capacity of the natural system to service ecosystem needs, local demand for natural resources, policy or socio-economic drivers. Internal program-specific processes relate to program service delivery, targeting and participant responsiveness. Ecological outcomes are expressed in terms of changes in landscape structure and function, which in turn influence ecosystem service provision. Social benefits derived from the program are expressed in terms of the value of the eco-social service to user-specified goals. The article provides suggestions from the literature for identifying indicators and measures for components and component variables, and concludes with an example of how the framework was used to inform the M&E of an adaptive co-management program in western Kenya. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Adaptive co-management; Collaborative adaptive management; Community based natural resource management; Conceptual framework; Conservation; Ecosystems services theory; Environmental programs; Indicators; Monitoring and evaluation; Theory-based evaluation	adaptive management; comanagement; community resource management; conceptual framework; conservation; ecosystem service; environmental planning; monitoring; social impact; environmental management; Kenya; cooperation; environmental health; environmental protection; human; Kenya; methodology; organization and management; policy; procedures; program evaluation; socioeconomics; sociology; Conservation of Natural Resources; Cooperative Behavior; Environmental Health; Humans; Kenya; Policy; Program Evaluation; Research Design; Social Sciences; Socioeconomic Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880710837	Experimental investigation on the performance of drag reducing polymers through two pipe diameters in horizontal oil-water flows	Al-Wahaibi T., Al-Wahaibi Y., Al-Ajmi A., Yusuf N., Al-Hashmi A.R., Olawale A.S., Mohammed I.A.	2013	Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science	50	None	10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2013.05.014	Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Al-Khoud P.C. 123, Oman; Department of Chemical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Al-Wahaibi, T., Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Al-Khoud P.C. 123, Oman; Al-Wahaibi, Y., Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Al-Khoud P.C. 123, Oman; Al-Ajmi, A., Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Al-Khoud P.C. 123, Oman; Yusuf, N., Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Al-Khoud P.C. 123, Oman; Al-Hashmi, A.R., Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Al-Khoud P.C. 123, Oman; Olawale, A.S., Department of Chemical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Mohammed, I.A., Department of Chemical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	In this paper, experiments were conducted to understand the influence of a small change of pipe diameter in the effectiveness of drag reducing polymer (DRP) in horizontal oil-water flow. Two pipe diameters were used in this study; 19 and 25.4. mm pipes. The results showed a remarkable influence of pipe diameter on the polymer efficiency in modifying flow patterns and drag reduction. The results from both pipes showed that only 10. ppm polymer concentration is needed to achieve the maximum drag reduction for each investigated condition. The presence of DRP extended the region of stratified and dual continuous flows. However, the percentage increase in the stratified region is more significant in the 25.4-mm pipe while the extent of the dual continuous pattern in the 19-mm pipe is larger than that in the 25.4-mm pipe. Regardless of the pipe diameter, annular flow changed for all the investigated conditions to dual continuous flow. The dispersed region (water continuous or oil continuous) decreased after introducing DRP but the decrease is larger for the 19-mm pipe especially for dispersion of oil in water. The results for both pipes revealed that the maximum drag reduction is achieved when the flow is dispersed oil in water; however, higher drag reduction was obtained in the larger pipe diameter. Drag reductions up to 60% were observed in the 25.4-mm pipe in comparison with up to 45% achieved in the 19-mm pipe. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.	Drag reducing polymer; Drag reduction; Flow pattern map; Flow pattern transition; Oil-water flow; Two pipe diameter	Drag-reducing polymers; Flow pattern map; Flow pattern transition; Oil water flow; Pipe diameter; Drag reduction; Flow of water; Flow patterns; Hydraulics; Piping systems; Polymers	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899981274	The impact of risk assessment on the implementation of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in foot and ankle surgery	Saragas N.P., Ferrao P.N.F., Saragas E., Jacobson B.F.	2014	Foot and Ankle Surgery	20	2	10.1016/j.fas.2013.11.002	Netcare Linksfield Orthopaedic Sports and Rehabilitation Centre (Clinic), Johannesburg, South Africa; Orthopaedic Department, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of the Witwatersrand, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa	Saragas, N.P., Netcare Linksfield Orthopaedic Sports and Rehabilitation Centre (Clinic), Johannesburg, South Africa, Orthopaedic Department, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Ferrao, P.N.F., Netcare Linksfield Orthopaedic Sports and Rehabilitation Centre (Clinic), Johannesburg, South Africa, Orthopaedic Department, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Saragas, E., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of the Witwatersrand, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa; Jacobson, B.F., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of the Witwatersrand, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa	Background: The purpose of this prospective study was to determine whether the more frequently quoted procedure and patient specific risk factors have any impact in the implementation of venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis following foot and ankle surgery. Methods: Two hundred and sixteen patients were included in the study. A variety of operative procedures was carried out with the common denominator being a below knee cast for at least 4 weeks and nonweightbearing for an average of 6 weeks in 130 patients. The remainder of the patients (88) had hallux surgery not requiring a cast and were allowed to weightbear. No patient received any form of thromboprophylaxis postoperatively. All patients were subjected to compression ultrasonography for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) between 2 and 6 weeks postoperatively. Results: There was a 5.09% incidence of VTE (0.9% pulmonary embolism) overall. As no VTE (neither DVT nor pulmonary embolus) developed in the hallux subgroup, i.e. patients not requiring immobilization and were allowed to weightbear, the incidence of VTE in the cast/nonweightbearing group was 8.46%. The results are descriptive and only statistically analyzed where possible, as the sample size of the VTE group was small. There was no significant difference in number of risk factors and no association between gender in the VTE and non VTE groups. 90.9% of patients in the VTE group had a total risk factor score of 5 or more and 73.7% of patients in the non VTE group had a total risk factor score of 5 or more. The average timing to the diagnosis of VTE in this current study was 33.1 days. Conclusions: In view of the unacceptable incidence of VTE and the average total risk factor score of 5 or more (for which thromboprophylaxis is recommended) in the majority of the patients, the authors feel that the routine use of thromboprophylaxis in foot and ankle surgery requiring nonweightbearing in combination with short leg cast immobilization, is warranted. This prophylaxis should continue until the patient regains adequate mobility either by weightbearing (in or out of the cast) or removal of cast immobilization (weightbearing or nonweightbearing), usually between 28 and 42 days. © 2013 European Foot and Ankle Society.	Foot ankle surgery; Prophylaxis; Venous thromboembolism	anticoagulant agent; adult; aged; article; calcaneus osteotomy; cohort analysis; compression ultrasonography; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; deep vein thrombosis; dyspnea; echography; female; flatfoot; flexor digitorum longus tendon transfer; foot and ankle surgery; gender; hallux surgery; human; immobilization; incidence; knee cast; lung embolism; lung examination; lung ventilation perfusion ratio; major clinical study; male; operation duration; orthopedic surgery; plaster cast; postoperative period; priority journal; prophylaxis; prospective study; risk assessment; risk factor; scoring system; spring ligament repair; surgical technique; thorax pain; venous thromboembolism; weight bearing; adolescent; ankle; foot; middle aged; orthopedic surgery; risk assessment; surgery; venous thromboembolism; very elderly; young adult; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Ankle; Casts, Surgical; Female; Foot; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Orthopedic Procedures; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Venous Thromboembolism; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547961289	Evaluation of early to medium maturing open pollinated maize varieties in SADC region using GGE biplot based on the SREG model	Setimela P.S., Vivek B., Bänziger M., Crossa J., Maideni F.	2007	Field Crops Research	103	3	10.1016/j.fcr.2007.05.010	International Maize Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), P.O. Box MP 163 Harare, Zimbabwe; CIMMYT, Apdo Postal 6-641, 06600 Mexico, D.F., Mexico; Chitedze Research Station, P.O. Box 15, Lilongwe, Malawi	Setimela, P.S., International Maize Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), P.O. Box MP 163 Harare, Zimbabwe; Vivek, B., International Maize Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), P.O. Box MP 163 Harare, Zimbabwe; Bänziger, M., International Maize Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), P.O. Box MP 163 Harare, Zimbabwe; Crossa, J., CIMMYT, Apdo Postal 6-641, 06600 Mexico, D.F., Mexico; Maideni, F., Chitedze Research Station, P.O. Box 15, Lilongwe, Malawi	Analysis of multi-environment trials (METs) of genotypes (G) and genotype × environment (GE) interactions for yield performance across environments, and selection of the best genotypes is an important routine in maize breeding programs. Analysis and interpretation of METs data have been limited to analysis of variance and mean comparison among genotypes. This type of analysis has not been effective in exploiting GE interactions encountered in METs data sets. The objectives of this study were to exploit METs data sets from maize regional trails using G plus GE interaction (GGE) biplot based on the site regression (SREG) model. The GGE biplots displays graphically the relationship among test environments, genotypes and GE interactions. Grain yield data of 35 early to medium maturing open pollinated maize varieties (OPVs) from five seasons (1999-2003) across 59 locations in Southern African Development Community (SADC) were analyzed. The GGE biplots based on the SREG model indicated that yield performance of maize OPVs were under major environments and of GE interactions. The construction of GGE biplots based on SREG model analysis showed the ideal test environments that discriminate well performing maize OPVs from poor ones, the performance of each OPV in specific year, the discrimativiness versus representativeness view of the GGE biplot of the test locations across the years, the relation among OPVs relative to grain yield, the stability of OPVs across environments and which OPVs is best for what. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Genotype × environment; GGE biplots; Multi-environment trials; Site regression; Zea mays L.	Data reduction; Environmental impact; Genes; Grain (agricultural product); Regression analysis; Open pollinated maize varieties (OPV); Site regression; Crops; crop yield; data set; genotype; maize; pollination; Southern African Development Community; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867015332	The impact of Desmodium spp. and cutting regimes on the agronomic and economic performance of Desmodium-maize intercropping system in western Kenya	Kifuko-Koech M., Pypers P., Okalebo J.R., Othieno C.O., Khan Z.R., Pickett J.A., Kipkoech A.K., Vanlauwe B.	2012	Field Crops Research	137	None	10.1016/j.fcr.2012.08.007	Chepkoilel University College, A Constituent of Moi University, P.O. Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya; Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture, United Nations Avenue, P.O. Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2TQ, United Kingdom; Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI), Kitale, P.O. Box 450, Kitale, Kenya	Kifuko-Koech, M., Chepkoilel University College, A Constituent of Moi University, P.O. Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI), Kitale, P.O. Box 450, Kitale, Kenya; Pypers, P., Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture, United Nations Avenue, P.O. Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Okalebo, J.R., Chepkoilel University College, A Constituent of Moi University, P.O. Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya; Othieno, C.O., Chepkoilel University College, A Constituent of Moi University, P.O. Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya; Khan, Z.R., International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Pickett, J.A., Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2TQ, United Kingdom; Kipkoech, A.K., Chepkoilel University College, A Constituent of Moi University, P.O. Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya; Vanlauwe, B., Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture, United Nations Avenue, P.O. Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya	Low soil fertility, stemborers (particularly, Chilo partellus) and Striga weeds (Striga hermonthica and Striga asiatica) are major limitations to production of maize in western Kenya. The " Push-Pull" technology ("PPT") has been described as an appropriate innovative technology capable of addressing these constraints. The technology involves intercropping maize with Desmodium and planting Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) around the intercrop, but in the current study a modified PPT was used and Napier grass was not included. Field trials were conducted in two locations in western Kenya during 4 subsequent seasons to test the hypothesis that maize yield, the degree of Striga suppression and economic benefits of intercropping maize with Desmodium are affected by: (i) the related biomass production by different Desmodium species and (ii) the cutting regime of the Desmodium. Maize was intercropped with Desmodium uncinatum (Jacq.) DC, cv Silverleaf or Desmodium intortum (Mill.) Urb. cv Greenleaf, and treatments with sole maize (with and without urea) were included for comparison. To eliminate phosphorus (P) deficiency, all treatments received basal P. The first two Desmodium cutting events were fixed at land preparation i.e. at the start of every season, and 4 weeks later, following the recommended practice, while the third cutting was varied and conducted at 9, 12 or 18 weeks after planting maize. Maize yield in the Desmodium-maize intercropping system was only higher than sole maize without urea from the third season. This implies that when P is not limiting inclusion of Desmodium spp. into the maize cropping system would provide a substitute for inorganic N fertilizers to enhance crop growth and yield after Desmodium becomes well established. Cumulative maize grain yield over the four seasons with the D. intortum and D. uncinatum intercrops were 6.3 and 7.0, and 10.9 and 11.6tha -1 in Busia and Siaya, respectively, and significantly higher than or comparable to a maize monocrop (5.8 and 11.8tha -1). Average net benefits from Desmodium intercropping over the four seasons were increased by 1290 and 918$ha -1 relative to the maize monocrop in Busia and Siaya, respectively. Biomass yields were significantly higher for D. intortum than for D. uncinatum. Varying the time of the third Desmodium cutting had little effect on Desmodium biomass yields or maize grain yields in Busia, while in Siaya, D. intortum biomass yields were highest when cut at 12 weeks after planting. In the Desmodium intercropping systems, Striga counts were reduced by 95% in Busia and by 65-90% in Siaya with higher reductions when Desmodium was cut at 18 weeks after planting. In summary, the use of PPT provides robust and high economic benefits to smallholder farmers in western Kenya. The use of D. uncinatum with the third cutting at 18 weeks after planting is recommended, but can be modified according to the need for fodder without much effect on maize yield or revenue. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	Desmodium intortum; Desmodium uncinatum; Maize; Striga	agricultural management; agronomy; crop yield; economic analysis; grass; innovation; intercropping; maize; Busia; Kenya; Nyanza; Siaya; Western Province [Kenya]; Animalia; Chilo partellus; Desmodium; Desmodium intortum; Desmodium uncinatum; Pennisetum; Pennisetum purpureum; Striga; Striga asiatica; Striga hermonthica; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875541585	Modelling and monitoring for strategic yield gap diagnosis in the South African sugar belt	Van den Berg M., Singels A.	2013	Field Crops Research	143	None	10.1016/j.fcr.2012.10.009	South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe 4300, South Africa; Department of Plant Production, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa; School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Van den Berg, M., South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe 4300, South Africa; Singels, A., South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe 4300, South Africa, Department of Plant Production, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa, School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	This paper revisits the diagnostic use of industry-wide sugarcane (Saccharum sp. hybrid) modelling and monitoring in South Africa for gaining a better understanding of production trends and the strategies required to address temporal and spatial yield variation.Such reviews have been conducted annually since 2008, by comparing the ratio of actual to simulated (potential) average sugarcane yields for 14 sugar mills with that of preceding seasons (since 1980). Actual yields are determined from total amount of cane crushed at the mill and the estimated area harvested as determined from mill records and grower surveys. Potential yields are determined by using the Canesim model with daily weather data for 48 homogenous agro-climatic zones. Widening yield gaps in some key producing regions and significant differences between regions indicated the need to investigate the impact of non-climatic factors such as pests, diseases, and sub-optimal agronomic management, even though this analysis is still qualitative and incomplete, and not fully objective. Factors that were highlighted as likely causes of suboptimal production were damaging effect of a new pest (sugarcane thrips), inadequate nutrition and inadequate replanting, apparently linked to unfavourable socio-economic conditions; even more so for small-scale growers than for large-scale growers. In addition to providing a service that is valued by the industry, the annual reviews have contributed to strengthening co-operation between researchers of distinct disciplines as well as between researchers and canegrowers, and to help identify priorities for further research. The quality of the analysis could be further improved by more accurate and timely estimates of the area harvested, improved resolution of yield data and extended surveys of pests, diseases and other yield limiting or reducing factors. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	Modelling; Sugar cane; Yield gap	agricultural management; agricultural modeling; agroecology; agronomy; crop production; crop yield; farmers knowledge; harvesting; limiting factor; monitoring; pest damage; research work; socioeconomic impact; spatial variation; sugar cane; temporal variation; South Africa; Saccharum; Saccharum sp.; Thysanoptera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887606306	Relationship between the performance of parental inbred lines and hybrids for food-feed traits in maize (Zea mays L.) in Ethiopia	Ertiro B.T., Zeleke H., Friesen D., Blummel M., Twumasi-Afriyie S.	2013	Field Crops Research	153	None	10.1016/j.fcr.2013.02.008	Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Bako, Ethiopia; Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT), Mexico; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Patancheru 502324, India	Ertiro, B.T., Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Bako, Ethiopia; Zeleke, H., Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Friesen, D., Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT), Mexico; Blummel, M., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Patancheru 502324, India; Twumasi-Afriyie, S., Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT), Mexico	Prediction of hybrid performance from inbred lines per se is crucial in targeted improvement of new traits such as stover fodder quality. The present study investigated the trend in variability and association between food and fodder traits in inbred parents and the hybrids derived from them and assessed the general combining ability (GCA) of inbred lines for both food and fodder traits. Sixteen inbred lines and sixty single cross hybrids generated by a 10×6 factorial mating design were evaluated for grain and stover yield and a range of laboratory stover fodder quality traits across three environments in Ethiopia. The hybrid and inbred line trials were planted in adjacent blocks in the same fields using an alpha lattice experimental design. Genotypes in both hybrids and inbred trials showed highly significant differences for all the traits studied. Generally, hybrids had higher grain and stover yields and lower stover fodder quality traits than the inbred lines. Both the magnitude and direction of relationship for almost all traits were similar among genotypes in the inbred and hybrid trials. General combining abilities of both lines and testers and specific combining ability (SCA) of line by tester interactions were significant for most traits studied. The highly significant GCA effects observed for most traits and the greater relative importance of GCA (lines and testers) as compared to SCA for grain yield and most stover fodder quality traits suggest the importance of additive gene effects in controlling grain and stover yield as well as stover fodder quality. Important stover fodder quality traits such as digestibility and metabolizable energy were highly heritable (h2=0.79-0.81) and the genotypic variations among hybrids in these traits will have implications for productivity of maize stover fed to livestock or for the income of farmers selling maize stover to fodder value chains. Significant positive relationships observed between inbred lines per se and hybrid performances for these fodder quality traits suggest the feasibility of predicting hybrid performance from the performance of the inbred lines. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Dual-purpose maize hybrids; General and specific combining ability; Maize stover fodder quality	crop improvement; crop yield; fodder; genotype; hybrid; maize; performance assessment; Ethiopia; Animalia; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891372864	Performance of tissue-cultured versus sucker-derived East African highland banana (Musa AAA-EA) under high and low input systems in Uganda	Niere B., Gold C.S., Coyne D., Dubois T., Sikora R.	2014	Field Crops Research	156	None	10.1016/j.fcr.2013.11.014	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PO Box 7878, Kampala, Uganda; University of Bonn, INRES, Nussallee 9, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Julius Kühn-Institut, Institute for National and International Plant Health, Messeweg 11/12, Braunschweig, Germany	Niere, B., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PO Box 7878, Kampala, Uganda, Julius Kühn-Institut, Institute for National and International Plant Health, Messeweg 11/12, Braunschweig, Germany; Gold, C.S., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PO Box 7878, Kampala, Uganda; Coyne, D., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PO Box 7878, Kampala, Uganda; Dubois, T., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PO Box 7878, Kampala, Uganda; Sikora, R., University of Bonn, INRES, Nussallee 9, 53115 Bonn, Germany	Banana ( Musa spp.) is a vegatatively propagated crop and the type of planting material is of great importance for the productivity of banana plantations. Traditionally, sucker derived planting materials have been used to establish banana plantations but there is a risk of transmitting pests such as plant-parasitic nematodes with untreated suckers. Tissue cultured banana plants are pest-free and widely grown in commercial dessert banana plantations but are not common agricultural practice under East African conditions. This study aimed at evaluating the agronomic performance and nematode infestation levels of sucker-derived and tissue cultured planting material of the East African highland cooking banana cultivar Nabusa ( Musa spp., genome group AAA-EA) over five crop cycles. A field trial was conducted in Central Uganda using tissue culture plants, untreated suckers, pared suckers or pared and hot water treated suckers. All plants were cultivated under mulched or non-mulched conditions to represent high or low input systems, respectively. Mulch in general improved agronomic performance of banana. Type of planting material also influenced plant growth and yield. Tissue culture plants developed faster and yielded higher during the first crop cycle than sucker-derived material but not thereafter. Plant height and bunch weight of untreated suckers was inferior to all other planting material from the third crop cycle onwards. All mulched plants flowered earlier in all crop cycles. Duration from planting to the first harvest was less for tissue-cultured plants, but planting material had no influence on days to harvest from the third crop cycle onwards. Nematode densities were higher in roots from plants grown from untreated suckers than all other planting material, with Radopholus similis consistently recovered in greater densities than Helicotylenchus multicinctus across treatments. Mulching had no influence on nematode densities, root necrosis, number of root base lesions or number of dead roots. Nematode associated damage was higher in plants from untreated suckers but did not differ among tissue-cultured and pared and hot water treated or pared sucker plants. This study demonstrates the benefits of using clean planting material for cooking banana over five consecutive crop cycles and confirms the beneficial effects of mulching. In order to achieve high banana yields over several crop cycles, clean planting material needs to be supported by the application of mulch. However, this study shows that the application of mulch will not offset the detrimental effects of plant parasitic nematode-infected sucker planting material. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Helicotylenchus multicinctus; Hot water treatment; Mulch; Paring; Plant parasitic nematodes; Radopholus similis	agronomy; crop yield; cultivar; fruit; mulch; nematode; performance assessment; plantation; productivity; root system; weight; Uganda; Helicotylenchus multicinctus; Musa; Nematoda; Radopholus similis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892643257	Regulatory reform of seed systems: Benefits and impacts from a mungbean case study in Nepal	Joshi K.D., Khanal N.P., Harris D., Khanal N.N., Sapkota A., Khadka K., Darai R., Neupane R.K., Joshi M., Witcombe J.R.	2014	Field Crops Research	158	None	10.1016/j.fcr.2013.12.011	Centre for Advanced Research in International Agricultural Development (CARIAD), C/o CIMMYT South Asia Regional Office, P. O. Box 5186, Kathmandu, Nepal; Forum for Rural Welfare and Agriculture Reform for Development (FORWARD), P.O. Box 11, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal; CARIAD, Bangor University, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, United Kingdom; Local Initiatives for Biodiversity, Research and Development (LI-BIRD), P.O. Box 324, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal; National Grain Legume Research Programme (NGLRP), Nepal Agriculture Research Council (NARC), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal; Social Upliftment through Participatory Programmes, Research and Training (SUPPORT) Foundation, P.O. Box 24, Mahendranagar, Kanchanpur, Nepal; International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Trop-ics, PO Box 39063, Nairobi, Kenya; FORWARD, Chitwan, Nepal; Department of Agriculture Development, Regional AgricultureTraining Centre, Sundarpur, Kanchanpur, Nepal; CIMMYT-Pakistan, NARC-Park Road, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan	Joshi, K.D., Centre for Advanced Research in International Agricultural Development (CARIAD), C/o CIMMYT South Asia Regional Office, P. O. Box 5186, Kathmandu, Nepal, CIMMYT-Pakistan, NARC-Park Road, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; Khanal, N.P., Forum for Rural Welfare and Agriculture Reform for Development (FORWARD), P.O. Box 11, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal; Harris, D., CARIAD, Bangor University, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, United Kingdom, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Trop-ics, PO Box 39063, Nairobi, Kenya; Khanal, N.N., Forum for Rural Welfare and Agriculture Reform for Development (FORWARD), P.O. Box 11, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal; Sapkota, A., Forum for Rural Welfare and Agriculture Reform for Development (FORWARD), P.O. Box 11, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal; Khadka, K., Local Initiatives for Biodiversity, Research and Development (LI-BIRD), P.O. Box 324, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal; Darai, R., National Grain Legume Research Programme (NGLRP), Nepal Agriculture Research Council (NARC), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal; Neupane, R.K., National Grain Legume Research Programme (NGLRP), Nepal Agriculture Research Council (NARC), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal, FORWARD, Chitwan, Nepal; Joshi, M., Social Upliftment through Participatory Programmes, Research and Training (SUPPORT) Foundation, P.O. Box 24, Mahendranagar, Kanchanpur, Nepal, Department of Agriculture Development, Regional AgricultureTraining Centre, Sundarpur, Kanchanpur, Nepal; Witcombe, J.R., CARIAD, Bangor University, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, United Kingdom	Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L). Wilczek) is becoming an important grain legume in Nepal. It can be grown as an additional crop after harvesting winter crops such as winter wheat, winter legumes and oilseeds and before planting main season rice from the low-altitude Terai through to the middle hills of Nepal. Replacing short fallows in the spring, it provides additional high quality food, enhances soil fertility and increases the yield of the following crop.In spite of continued varietal research by the National Grain Legume Research Programme, no mungbean varieties were released from 1975 to 2006. The old variety, Pusa Baishakhi, was released in 1975, but became susceptible to Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) and several other diseases so mungbean became limited to a rarely grown, green manure crop. In 2003, we introduced four mungbean varieties resistant to MYMV from the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Centre. These were evaluated in participatory varietal selection (PVS) mother and baby trials in low fertility and droughted conditions using farmers' levels of inputs and management. Variety spread was promoted by distributing free small seed samples in a process known as Informal Research and Development (IRD); and community-based seed production and marketing. Of the four varieties, NM94 and VC6372 consistently produced higher grain yields than the local check varieties, were resistant to MYMV and hence were preferred by farmers. The Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives endorsed a new variety release procedure in 2005 that permitted the use of data from PVS trials to support the release or registration of new crop varieties. In 2006, on the basis of data generated from PVS trials alone, the National Seed Board released NM94 as 'Kalyan' while, on the basis of combined data from the PVS trials and from on-station trials, VC6372 (45-8-1) was released as 'Prateeksha'. The use of PVS contributed greatly to fast-tracking the release process and this resulted in farmers getting new MYMV-resistant mungbean varieties more quickly. Varieties spread rapidly through IRD and farmer-to-farmer seed networks and provided benefits to farming households. Regulatory reforms to speed up and simplify the process of varietal release are discussed. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Adoption; Fast-tracking varietal release; Food security; Irrigation; Participatory trials; Replacing fallow land	agricultural management; crop yield; food quality; food security; high yielding variety; irrigation; legume; participatory approach; research program; seed; soil fertility; Nepal	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908626464	Benefits of legume-maize rotations: Assessing the impact of diversity on the productivity of smallholders in Western Kenya	Ojiem J.O., Franke A.C., Vanlauwe B., de Ridder N., Giller K.E.	2014	Field Crops Research	168	None	10.1016/j.fcr.2014.08.004	Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Research Centre, P.O. Box 1490, Kisumu, Kenya; Plant Production Systems, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, Wageningen, Netherlands; Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, Universit	Ojiem, J.O., Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Research Centre, P.O. Box 1490, Kisumu, Kenya, Plant Production Systems, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, Wageningen, Netherlands; Franke, A.C., Plant Production Systems, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, Wageningen, Netherlands, Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Vanlauwe, B., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; de Ridder, N., Plant Production Systems, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, Wageningen, Netherlands; Giller, K.E., Plant Production Systems, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, Wageningen, Netherlands	Agricultural intensification of farming systems in sub-Saharan Africa is a prerequisite to alleviate rural poverty and improve livelihoods. Legumes have shown great potential to enhance system productivity. On-farm experiments were conducted in different agro-ecological zones (AEZ) in Western Kenya to assess the agronomic and economic benefits of promising legumes. In each zone, trials were established in fields of high, medium and low fertility to assess the effect of soil fertility heterogeneity on legume productivity and subsequent maize yield. Common bean, soybean, groundnut, lima bean, lablab, velvet bean, crotalaria, and jackbean were grown in the short rains season, followed by maize in the long rains season. Alongside, continuous maize treatments fertilised at different rates were established. AEZs and soil fertility gradients within these zones greatly affected crop productivity, returns to land and labour of rotations, as well as the relative performance of rotations. Poorer soil fertility and AEZs with lower rainfall gave smaller legume and maize yields and consequently, smaller returns to land and labour. The cultivation of legumes increased maize yields in the subsequent long rains season compared with continuous maize receiving fertiliser at a similar rate, while the increase of maize after green manure legumes was stronger than that after grain legumes. Maize yield responded strongly to increasing amounts of N applied as legume residues with diminishing returns to legume-N application rates above 100kgNha-1. In the low potential zones, factors other than improved N availability likely also stimulated maize yield. Rotations with grain legumes generally provided better returns than those with green manures. Intercropping bean with maize in the long rains season provided an additional bean yield that did not come at the expense of maize yield and improved returns to land and labour, but more so in the high potential zones. The results demonstrate the strong impact of biophysical diversity on the productivity of the legumes and suggest the need for careful targeting of legume technologies to the different biophysical conditions. © 2014.	Agro-ecological zones; Economic analysis; Legumes; Rotations; Soil fertility gradients; Technology niches	agricultural economics; agricultural intensification; agroecology; crop production; crop rotation; crop yield; cultivation; legume; maize; productivity; smallholder; soil fertility; Kenya; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84911091737	Genetic diversity of tropical early-maturing maize inbreds and their performance in hybrid combinations under drought and optimum growing conditions	Oyekunle M., Badu-Apraku B., Hearne S., Franco J.	2015	Field Crops Research	170	None	10.1016/j.fcr.2014.10.005	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), IITA (UK) Ltd, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon, United Kingdom; Department of Plant Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; International Maize and Wheat Improvement	Oyekunle, M., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), IITA (UK) Ltd, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon, United Kingdom, Department of Plant Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Badu-Apraku, B., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), IITA (UK) Ltd, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon, United Kingdom; Hearne, S., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), IITA (UK) Ltd, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon, United Kingdom, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre(CIMMYT), KM 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, El Batan, Texcoco, Mexico; Franco, J., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), IITA (UK) Ltd, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon, United Kingdom	Hybrid development is enhanced by the assessment and understanding of genetic diversity and distance within inbreds. One hundred and fifty hybrids derived from 30 early-maturing inbreds plus six checks were evaluated at three locations in Nigeria for 2 years to assess their performance under drought and well-watered conditions. In addition, twenty three microsatellite markers were employed to assess genetic diversity of selected 42 inbreds. Significant differences were observed among inbreds and hybrids for most traits under both research conditions. A total of 130 alleles were detected ranging from two for nc133 to nine for phi299852 with an average of 5.7 alleles per locus. Polymorphic information content ranged from 0.17 for phi308707 to 0.77 for phi084 with an average of 0.54. Thirty-one unique alleles were detected in 21 inbreds. Microsatellite markers classified the inbred lines into five groups. Genetic distance estimates among pairs of inbreds ranged from 0.42 (TZEI 26 vs TZEI 108) to 0.85 (TZEI 24 vs TZEI 4) with an average of 0.67. Correlation between microsatellite-based GD estimates of the parental lines and their F1 hybrids were not significant for grain yield and other traits under drought and well-watered conditions. However, significant correlations existed between F1 hybrid grain yield and heterosis under drought and well-watered conditions. TZEI 31×TZEI 18 was identified as the highest-yielding and stable hybrid across environments and should be promoted for adoption by farmers in West and Central Africa. © 2014 .	Drought stress; Drought tolerance; Heterosis; Inbred lines; Simple sequence repeat markers	drought resistance; drought stress; genetic marker; genetic resource; genetic variation; heterosis; high yielding variety; hybrid; maize; Nigeria; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84912035799	Short- and medium-term impact of manual tillage and no-tillage with mulching on banana roots and yields in banana-bean intercropping systems in the East African Highlands	Muliele M.T., Bielders C.L., van Asten P.J.A.	2015	Field Crops Research	171	None	10.1016/j.fcr.2014.10.015	Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, L7.05.02, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, P.O. Box 7878, Kampala, Uganda; Institut National pour l'Etude et la Recherche Agronomiques, B.P 2037, Kinshasa/Gombe, Congo	Muliele, M.T., Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, L7.05.02, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, Institut National pour l'Etude et la Recherche Agronomiques, B.P 2037, Kinshasa/Gombe, Congo; Bielders, C.L., Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, L7.05.02, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; van Asten, P.J.A., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, P.O. Box 7878, Kampala, Uganda	Banana-bean intercropping systems are common in the bimodal rainfall areas of the East African Highlands and are characterized by low banana productivity. In these systems, the soil is tilled manually twice a year before bean planting with potentially damaging effects to the shallow banana root system. No-tillage with mulching (NT. +. M) may constitute an interesting alternative to conventional manual tillage (CMT) to avoid such root damage and improve banana productivity. The objectives of this study were therefore (i) to assess tillage-induced damage to the banana rooting system and its subsequent recovery, and (ii) to evaluate the impact of three NT. +. M systems vs. CMT on banana root distribution and banana bunch weight. At two sites in the D.R. Congo, the cord root length density (RLD) and fresh weight (FW) were monitored monthly in the top 0.2. m of the soil over a 5 to 6-month period following manual tillage, and compared with NT. +. M plots. Immediately after tillage and on average over the two sites, cord RLD and FW in the top 0.1. m of the soil were reduced on average to 15% and 16%, respectively, of the levels observed under NT. +. M. At 0.3. m from the rhizome, cord roots needed 2-4 months to recover to a level similar to the one observed prior to tillage. On average over the two sites, direct root damage by tillage caused the loss of 47% and 63% of the RLD and FW observed in NT. +. M plots, respectively. The remaining rooting deficit (38% of RLD and 21% of FW) was hypothesized to originate from differences in root growth conditions unrelated to immediate mechanical root damage. There was no evidence that the mechanical damage of roots by tillage affected banana growth in the short term. The medium-term effect of CMT and NT. +. M treatments was evaluated at three sites (two in D.R. Congo and one in Rwanda) 30 months after banana planting. At two sites out of three, root density profiles indicated lower rooting densities in the top 0.1. m of the soil in CMT plots compared with NT. +. M plots. Banana bunch weight was consistently lower in CMT plots compared with NT. +. M plots. Compared with NT. +. M, CMT appears to affect banana rooting and bunch weight in the medium term under the pedo-climatic conditions of the East African Highlands. No-tillage with mulching may constitute an alternative to manual tillage to enhance the sustainability of these systems but its impact on the whole intercropping system's productivity must be verified. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Banana; Conservation tillage; East african highlands; Nematode; Roots; Tillage	crop yield; fruit; intercropping; legume; mulching; productivity; root system; sustainability; tillage; upland region; East Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-60849126953	Toxicological evaluation of the effect of water contaminated with lead, phenol and benzene on liver, kidney and colon of Albino rats	Adeyemi O., Ajayi J.O., Olajuyin A.M., Oloyede O.B., Oladiji A.T., Oluba O.M., Adeyemi O., Ololade I.A., Adebayo E.A.	2009	Food and Chemical Toxicology	47	4	10.1016/j.fct.2009.01.023	Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Departmen	Adeyemi, O., Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Nigeria; Ajayi, J.O., Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria; Olajuyin, A.M., Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria; Oloyede, O.B., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Oladiji, A.T., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Oluba, O.M., Department of Biochemistry, University of Benin, Benin-City, Nigeria; Adeyemi, O., Department of Biochemistry, University of Benin, Benin-City, Nigeria; Ololade, I.A., Department of Chemistry/Industrial Chemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria; Adebayo, E.A., Department of Chemistry/Industrial Chemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria	The effect of water contaminated with phenol, benzene and lead on rats cellular system was investigated. Selected enzyme activity of the kidney and colon of rats was carried out. Standard enzyme assays were also conducted for selected liver enzymes such as alkaline and acid phosphatases, alanine and aspartate transaminases, and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase. Serum indices of liver and kidney function were also determined. The direct bilirubin of test rats were observed to be 3.2 ± 0.2 U/mol/l while that of control rat was 1.2 ± 0.003 U/mol/l. The total bilirubin of test rats was found to be 8.4 ± 0.8 U/mol/l while that of the control was 5.6 ± 0.5 U/mol/l. Generally, enzymes activity in the tissues of test rats were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) lower relative to control, while the enzyme activity of the serum of test rats was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than control. It could be inferred that experimental data suggest possible damage to the tissues and that consumption of polluted water may account for increasing cases of renal and hepatic failure among people in developing countries. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Bilirubin; Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase; Phosphatases; Transaminases; Water	acid phosphatase; alanine aminotransferase; alkaline phosphatase; aspartate aminotransferase; benzene; bilirubin glucuronide; gamma glutamyltransferase; lead; phenol; water; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; article; colon; controlled study; enzyme activity; enzyme assay; experimental rat; gastrointestinal toxicity; kidney function; liver function; liver toxicity; male; nephrotoxicity; nonhuman; rat; tissue injury; water contamination; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Benzene; Bilirubin; Colon; Creatinine; Drinking; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Function Tests; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lead; Liver; Liver Diseases; Liver Function Tests; Male; Phenol; Rats; Urea; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-72149109283	Toxicity evaluation of the aqueous extract of the rhizome of Elephantorrhiza elephantina (Burch.) Skeels. (Fabaceae), in rats	Maphosa V., Masika P.J., Moyo B.	2010	Food and Chemical Toxicology	48	1	10.1016/j.fct.2009.09.040	Department of Livestock and Pasture Sciences, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa; Agricultural and Rural Development Research Institute (ARDRI), University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa	Maphosa, V., Department of Livestock and Pasture Sciences, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa; Masika, P.J., Agricultural and Rural Development Research Institute (ARDRI), University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa; Moyo, B., Department of Livestock and Pasture Sciences, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa	Elephantorrhiza elephantina root extract has been used as a traditional remedy for a wide range of ailments both in humans and livestock. As part of the safety assessment of the extract, acute, sub-acute and chronic toxicity tests were conducted by the oral route in rats. Male and female rats were divided into four groups consisting of five rats each and given doses of 200-1600 mg/kg bwt, 200-800 mg/kg bwt and 50-400 mg/kg bwt in acute (1 day), sub-acute (14 days) and chronic toxicity (35 days), respectively. During the experiment, no deaths were observed in any groups and there were no remarkable changes in general appearance, as well as in food and water consumption. Significant (P < 0.05) changes were however noted in body weights, haematological and serum biochemical parameters between the control and treated groups. Histopathological changes were also noted in kidneys, lungs, liver and spleen of rats receiving high doses. Based on these findings, it can be inferred that the plant has some potential toxicity at certain dose levels; therefore caution has to be taken when using E. elephantina for medicinal purposes. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Elephantorrhiza elephantina toxicity; Haematology; Histopathology; Serum biochemistry	Elephantorrhiza elephantina extract; herbaceous agent; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; article; controlled study; death; dose response; drug dose comparison; drug megadose; drug safety; Elephantorrhiza elephantina; female; fluid intake; food intake; histopathology; legume; liver toxicity; lung toxicity; male; nephrotoxicity; nonhuman; rat; rhizome; spleen; toxicity testing; weight change; Animals; Blood Cell Count; Blood Chemical Analysis; Body Weight; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fabaceae; Female; Kidney; Liver; Lung; Male; Organ Size; Plant Extracts; Plant Roots; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Elephantorrhiza elephantina; Fabaceae; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76749165704	Toxicological evaluation of Tetracarpidium conophorum nut oil-based diet in rats	Oladiji A.T., Abodunrin T.P., Yakubu M.T.	2010	Food and Chemical Toxicology	48	3	10.1016/j.fct.2009.12.030	Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria	Oladiji, A.T., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Abodunrin, T.P., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Yakubu, M.T., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria	The effects of Tetracarpidium conophorum nut oil-based diet on the growth performance and some biochemical constituents of rat tissues was investigated following a feeding period of 6 weeks. The results revealed that the volume of water taken, the amount of feed consumed and the weight gained by the animals maintained on the nut oil-based diet were not significantly (P > 0.05) different from those fed on soybean oil-based diet. The reduction in the activities of ALP, GOT and GPT in the liver and heart of animals fed on the nut oil-based diet was accompanied by increase in the serum enzymes. The nut oil-based diet significantly reduced (P < 0.05) serum concentrations of total cholesterol and HDL-C whereas triglycerides and atherogenic index increased. The serum LDL-C level of the nut oil-based diet fed animals compared well with those of soybean oil-based diet. These alterations suggested that adverse effects have occurred, possibly by altered membrane permeability of the hepatocytes and cardiac cells. Similar alterations in the serum lipids of animals maintained on nut oil-based diet also portends cardiovascular risk. Although, T. conophorum nut oil did not adversely affect growth performance and the feeding appetite of the animals, it is not completely 'safe' for consumption. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	'Marker' enzymes; Cardiovascular risk; Growth performance; Serum lipids; Soybean oil; Tetracarpidium conophorum	alanine aminotransferase; alkaline phosphatase; aspartate aminotransferase; cholesterol; edible oil; high density lipoprotein; low density lipoprotein; soybean oil; triacylglycerol; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; atherogenic diet; biochemical composition; cell membrane permeability; cholesterol blood level; concentration (parameters); controlled study; diet supplementation; enzyme activity; enzyme blood level; feeding; female; fluid intake; food analysis; food safety; heart; lipid blood level; liver; male; nonhuman; nut; rat; Tetracarpidium conophorum; tissue growth; toxicity testing; weight gain; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diet; Eating; Euphorbiaceae; Female; Indicators and Reagents; Male; Nigeria; Nuts; Plant Oils; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Soybeans; Triglycerides; Animalia; Glycine max; Rattus; Tetracarpidium conophorum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953535639	Toxicological evaluation of aqueous leaf and berry extracts of Phytolacca dioica L. in male Wistar rats	Ashafa A.O.T., Sunmonu T.O., Afolayan A.J.	2010	Food and Chemical Toxicology	48	7	10.1016/j.fct.2010.04.029	Centre for Phytomedicine Research, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa	Ashafa, A.O.T., Centre for Phytomedicine Research, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; Sunmonu, T.O., Centre for Phytomedicine Research, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; Afolayan, A.J., Centre for Phytomedicine Research, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa	Despite the widespread use of Phytolacca dioica L. in folklore medicine of South Africa, there is dearth of information on its safety/toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicological effect of aqueous leaf and berry extracts of the plant at different dosages for 14. days on the liver and kidney function indices in male Wistar rats. Phytochemical screening indicated that the extracts are rich in phytonutrients including alkaloid, tannin, saponins, phenolics, lectins and flavonoids; while triterpenoids and phlobatanins were absent. The extracts significantly reduced the body and absolute organ weights of the animals at all the dosages investigated. Whereas, significant increase was observed in the serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), bilirubin, calcium, creatinine, urea and uric acid; the serum concentration of total protein, albumin and globulin were reduced in the serum following treatment with the extracts. Generally, the effect of the herb appeared to be dosage dependent. This investigation clearly showed that P. dioica can impair normal hepatic and renal functions. This is an indication that the extracts may not be completely safe in male rats when continuously administered for 14. days. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.	Body weight; Function indices; Haematological parameters; Marker enzymes; Phytolacca dioica	alanine aminotransferase; albumin; alkaline phosphatase; alkaloid; aspartate aminotransferase; bilirubin; calcium; creatinine; flavonoid; globulin; herbaceous agent; phenol derivative; Phytolacca dioica extract; plant lectin; saponin; tannin; triterpenoid; unclassified drug; urea; uric acid; alanine aminotransferase blood level; albumin blood level; alkaline phosphatase blood level; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; article; aspartate aminotransferase blood level; berry; calcium blood level; controlled study; creatinine blood level; dose response; drug safety; hyperbilirubinemia; liver toxicity; male; nephrotoxicity; nonhuman; phytochemistry; Phytolacca dioica; Phytolaccaceae; plant leaf; rat; toxicity testing; urea blood level; uric acid blood level; weight reduction; Animals; Fruit; Kidney Function Tests; Liver Function Tests; Male; Phytolacca; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Animalia; Phytolacca dioica; Rattus; Rattus norvegicus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960845763	Evaluation of sub-lethal effects of endosulfan on cortisol secretion, glutathione s-transferase and acetylcholinesterase activities in clarias gariepinus	Ezemonye L.I.N., Ikpesu T.O.	2011	Food and Chemical Toxicology	49	9	10.1016/j.fct.2010.10.025	Department of Animal and Environmental Biology (AEB), University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Ezemonye, L.I.N., Department of Animal and Environmental Biology (AEB), University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Ikpesu, T.O., Department of Animal and Environmental Biology (AEB), University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	The effects of endosulfan, a widely used organochlorine pesticide in the Niger-Delta ecological zone were examined on cortisol secretion, glutathione S-transferase and acetylcholinesterase enzymatic activities in the serum of a dominant fresh water fish species, Clarias gariepinus. Juveniles stage of C. gariepinus were used for the toxicity study. Lethal concentration of 50% mortality of sample (LC 50) was determined using semi-static method. From the result of the LC 50 determination lower concentrations of endosulfan were prepared for sub-lethal test. Ten fish per test concentration in three replicates were exposed to varying concentrations of endosulfan (0.00, 0.0025, 0.005, 0.0075 and 0.01) μg/L. Signs of stress and mortality were monitored during the experimental duration. Cortisol levels, GST and AChE activities were measured spectrophotometrically. No visible changes in behaviour and appearance were observed in the treated fishes and no mortality recorded. Significant (p&lt;0.05) declined in cortisol secretion was observed and the change in the concentration was dose and time dependent. Glutathione S-transferase activity was significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher than the control and the concentrations increase with increased in concentration and exposure duration. No clear trend was observed in acetylcholinesterase activity. The findings showed that the cortisol levels and GST activity of test organism were affected by the test chemical and therefore could be considered as a suitable marker to evaluate the effect of organochlorine pesticide on fish and other aquatic organisms. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.	Acetylcholinesterase; Clarias gariepinus; Cortisol; Endosulfan; Glutathione S-transferase; Niger-Delta	acetylcholinesterase; biological marker; endosulfan; glutathione transferase; hydrocortisone; animal experiment; article; biological monitoring; Clarias gariepinus; controlled study; ecotoxicity; enzyme activity; enzyme assay; fish; hydrocortisone blood level; hydrocortisone release; juvenile animal; LC 50; long term exposure; Nigeria; nonhuman; pesticide spraying; physical chemistry; physiological stress; spectrophotometry; toxicity testing; upregulation; Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Endosulfan; Fishes; Glutathione Transferase; Hydrocortisone; Pesticides; Clarias gariepinus; Pisces	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856430789	In vitro genotoxicity evaluation of 4-carboxyl-2,6-dinitrophenylazohydroxynaphthalenes using human lymphocytes	Adegoke O.A., Kyu J.K., Mukherjee A.	2012	Food and Chemical Toxicology	50	04-Mar	10.1016/j.fct.2011.11.022	Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, 1266 Shinjeong-dong, Jeongeup 580-185, South Korea; Centre of Advanced Study, Cell	Adegoke, O.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, Centre of Advanced Study, Cell and Chromosome Research, Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India; Kyu, J.K., Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, 1266 Shinjeong-dong, Jeongeup 580-185, South Korea; Mukherjee, A., Centre of Advanced Study, Cell and Chromosome Research, Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India	The genotoxicity of a new monoazo dye series, 4-carboxyl-2,6-dinitrophenylazohydroxynaphthalenes has been evaluated using human lymphocytes by alkaline comet assay. Freshly isolated human lymphocytes were exposed to the dyes (AZ-01, -02, -03 and -04) at concentrations ranging from 0 to 500 μM for 3. h at 37 °C. Appropriate negative (culture medium) and positive (100 μM methyl methane sulfonate) controls were set up alongside with the dye-treated cells. Comet assay was performed to assess the extent of DNA damage. The four dyes gave varying results with respect to the parameters of DNA damage studied. AZ-01 showed concentration-dependent DNA damage (% Tail DNA) while lower concentrations (31.25-62.5 μM) did not produce any significant difference in the tail extent moment. AZ-02, the positional isomer of AZ-01, gave non-genotoxic effects at lower concentrations for the two DNA parameters. AZ-03 and AZ-04 (possessing additional C-7 substituents) did not produce significant genotoxic effect at all concentrations relative to the negative control. Two of these monoazo dyes show the potential of being used as edible colorants. The results revealed that genotoxicity of congeneric dyes bear a direct relationship to their chemical structure. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	4-Carboxyl-2,6-dinitrophenylazohydroxynaphthalenes; Comet assay; DNA damage; Genotoxicity; Human lymphocytes	4 [(2 hydroxy 7 (3 oxobutyl)naphthalen 1 yl)diazenyl] 3,5 dinitrobenzoic acid; 4 [(2 hydroxynaphthalen 1 yl)diazenyl] 3,5 dinitrobenzoic acid; 4 [(4 hydroxynaphthalen 1 yl)diazenyl] 3,5 dinitrobenzoic acid; 4 [(7 (1 carboxyethyl) 2 hydroxynaphthalen 1 yl)diazenyl] 3,5 dinitrobenzoic acid; azo dye; unclassified drug; adult; article; cell isolation; cell viability; chemical structure; comet assay; concentration (parameters); controlled study; DNA damage; genotoxicity; human; human cell; in vitro study; lymphocyte; male; structure activity relation; toxicity testing; Azo Compounds; Cells, Cultured; Comet Assay; DNA Damage; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Lymphocytes; Mutagens; Naphthols	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887570926	Bio-monitoring of mycotoxin exposure in Cameroon using a urinary multi-biomarker approach	Abia W.A., Warth B., Sulyok M., Krska R., Tchana A., Njobeh P.B., Turner P.C., Kouanfack C., Eyongetah M., Dutton M., Moundipa P.F.	2013	Food and Chemical Toxicology	62	None	10.1016/j.fct.2013.10.003	Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon; Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria; Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein Campus, 2028 Gauteng, South Africa; MIAEH, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States; Central Hospital, Yaounde, Centre Region, Cameroon; Regional Hospital Bamenda, North West Region, Cameroon; Food, Environment and Health Research Group (FEHRG), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein Campus, 2028 Gauteng, South Africa	Abia, W.A., Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon, Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein Campus, 2028 Gauteng, South Africa; Warth, B., Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria; Sulyok, M., Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria; Krska, R., Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria; Tchana, A., Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon; Njobeh, P.B., Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein Campus, 2028 Gauteng, South Africa; Turner, P.C., MIAEH, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States; Kouanfack, C., Central Hospital, Yaounde, Centre Region, Cameroon; Eyongetah, M., Regional Hospital Bamenda, North West Region, Cameroon; Dutton, M., Food, Environment and Health Research Group (FEHRG), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein Campus, 2028 Gauteng, South Africa; Moundipa, P.F., Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon	Bio-monitoring of human exposure to mycotoxin has mostly been limited to a few individually measured mycotoxin biomarkers. This study aimed to determine the frequency and level of exposure to multiple mycotoxins in human urine from Cameroonian adults. 175 Urine samples (83% from HIV-positive individuals) and food frequency questionnaire responses were collected from consenting Cameroonians, and analyzed for 15 mycotoxins and relevant metabolites using LC-ESI-MS/MS. In total, eleven analytes were detected individually or in combinations in 110/175 (63%) samples including the biomarkers aflatoxin M1, fumonisin B1, ochratoxin A and total deoxynivalenol. Additionally, important mycotoxins and metabolites thereof, such as fumonisin B2, nivalenol and zearalenone, were determined, some for the first time in urine following dietary exposures. Multi-mycotoxin contamination was common with one HIV-positive individual exposed to five mycotoxins, a severe case of co-exposure that has never been reported in adults before. For the first time in Africa or elsewhere, this study quantified eleven mycotoxin biomarkers and bio-measures in urine from adults. For several mycotoxins estimates indicate that the tolerable daily intake is being exceeded in this study population. Given that many mycotoxins adversely affect the immune system, future studies will examine whether combinations of mycotoxins negatively impact Cameroonian population particularly immune-suppressed individuals. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Bio-measures; Bio-monitoring; Cameroon; Exposure assessment; HIV/AIDS; Multi-mycotoxin biomarkers	aflatoxin M1; biological marker; fumonisin B1; fumonisin B2; mycotoxin; nivalenol; ochratoxin; vomitoxin; zearalenone; adult; article; biological monitoring; Cameroon; Cameroonian; controlled study; disease severity; electrospray mass spectrometry; environmental exposure; ethnic group; female; food contamination; food frequency questionnaire; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; liquid chromatography; major clinical study; male; metabolite; pilot study; population based case control study; toxin analysis; urinalysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892450011	Evaluation of hepatotoxicity and clastogenicity of carbofuran in male Wistar rats	Gbadegesin M.A., Owumi S.E., Akinseye V., Odunola O.A.	2014	Food and Chemical Toxicology	65	None	10.1016/j.fct.2013.12.034	Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Gbadegesin, M.A., Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Owumi, S.E., Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Akinseye, V., Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Odunola, O.A., Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Carbofuran based pesticides have gained wide usage in Nigeria recently. Consequently, animals and human populations are exposed to them in the environment. Information on in vivo toxicity of carbofuran in experimental models is scanty. The present study therefore examined the hepatotoxicity and clastogenic effects of carbofuran in rats. Male Wistar rats were exposed to carbofuran (p.o) at 0-5mg/kg bw for 5weeks. Carbofuran induced significant (p&lt;0.05) increase in the serum activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase when compared with the negative control, but not activity of serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferases. It also significantly (p&lt;0.05) induced micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes formation in the bone marrow as compared with the control. The level of induction is dose dependent in both cases. In addition, there was significant (p&lt;0.05) higher number of hepatic cells in the cell/mm2 assay for the group treated with carbofuran. Histopathological analysis of liver samples from the treated groups revealed lesions ranging from general congestion (portal, central venous and sinusoidal), mild periportal cellular infiltration, diffused sinusoidal congestion and hepatic necrosis to severe congestion. Findings from this study suggest that carbofuran has clastogenic and hepatotoxic effects in rats. It therefore may constitute an environmental health risks in individuals so exposed. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Alanine aminotransferase; Carbamate; Carbofuran; Gamma gluthamyltransferase; Micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (mPCEs)	carbofuran; alanine aminotransferase; aspartate aminotransferase; carbofuran; gamma glutamyltransferase; animal cell; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; cell assay; cell count; cell infiltration; chemical parameters; clastogenicity; controlled study; disease severity; enzyme activity; enzyme blood level; genotoxicity; health hazard; histopathology; liver cell; liver necrosis; liver toxicity; male; nonhuman; rat; alanine aminotransferase blood level; animal model; Article; aspartate aminotransferase blood level; gamma glutamyl transferase blood level; liver weight; long term exposure; mutagenesis; weight change; Alanine aminotransferase; Carbamate; Carbofuran; Gamma gluthamyltransferase; Micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (mPCEs); Animals; Carbofuran; Liver; Male; Mutagens; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Rattus norvegicus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38949152696	Comparison of three staining methods for the morphological evaluation of human spermatozoa	Henkel R., Schreiber G., Sturmhoefel A., Hipler U.-C., Zermann D.H., Menkveld R.	2008	Fertility and Sterility	89	2	10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.03.027	Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa; Department of Dermatology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany; Department of Urology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa	Henkel, R., Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa; Schreiber, G., Department of Dermatology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany; Sturmhoefel, A., Department of Urology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany; Hipler, U.-C., Department of Dermatology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany; Zermann, D.H., Department of Urology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany; Menkveld, R., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa	Objective: To compare different staining methods to evaluate human sperm morphology. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Patients at the Departments of Dermatology and Urology, University of Jena, Germany. Patient(s): A total of 94 randomly collected patients attending the andrological outpatient clinics of the Departments of Dermatology and Urology, University of Jena, Germany. Intervention(s): None. Main Outcome Measure(s): Statistical comparison of resultant standard morphological parameters (mean percentages) after staining according to Papanicolaou and Shorr methods and with Testsimplets® prestained slides. Result(s): All morphological parameters investigated (percent normal morphology, percent head, midpiece, and flagellar abnormalities) correlated statistically significantly positively, however with markedly lower correlation coefficients for the Testsimplets®results. As compared with the mean Papanicolaou (4.78% ± 2.54%) and Shorr staining (4.75% ± 2.64%) results, a statistically significantly lower percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa was determined after using the Testsimplets® slides (3.89% ± 2.53%). In general, the mean values of all parameters differed for all comparisons with the Testsimplets® slides and especially for the percentage of flagellar defects but not between the Papanicolaou and the Shorr staining results. Conclusion(s): The results show an extensive agreement between the Papanicolaou- and Shorr-stained smears, whereas Testsimplets® staining exhibited statistically significant deviations. Because the correct evaluation of sperm morphology is of essence within the scope of assisted reproduction and in andrological diagnostics, the use of rapid staining methods cannot be recommended. © 2008 American Society for Reproductive Medicine.	Human sperm; morphology; Papanicolaou; rapid staining methods; Shorr	article; cell structure; controlled study; human; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; male; priority journal; spermatozoon; spermatozoon count; staining; structure analysis; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Sperm Count; Sperm Motility; Spermatozoa; Staining and Labeling	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-55149118711	Enhancing laparoscopic performance with the LTS3E: a computerized hybrid physical reality simulator	Soyinka A.S., Schollmeyer T., Meinhold-Heerlein I., Gopalghare D.V., Hasson H., Mettler L.	2008	Fertility and Sterility	90	5	10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.08.077	Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein-Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Pawana Hospital, Somatane Phata, Tal-Ma	Soyinka, A.S., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Osun State, Nigeria; Schollmeyer, T., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein-Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Meinhold-Heerlein, I., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein-Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Gopalghare, D.V., Pawana Hospital, Somatane Phata, Tal-Maval, Dist-Poona, India; Hasson, H., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States; Mettler, L., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein-Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany	Objective: To determine the value of this simulator in acquiring basic laparoscopic skills and to evaluate the correlation between the frequency of trials and performance. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany. Patient(s): Twenty-five in-training gynecological endoscopists and 15 medical students. Intervention(s): A demonstration of 10 laparoscopic skill tasks was shown to participants before administration of a pretest. Voluntary rounds of further trials were encouraged thereafter. The post-tests were administered 5 days later. Assessments were conducted by the same independent supervisor. Main Outcome Measure(s): Improvements in overall scores and relative performance mean scores were compared using the independent t test. The comparison of various trial groups' mean was evaluated by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Result(s): There were significantly better post-test scores in all tasks for both groups compared to the pretest scores. There was no statistical difference between the overall relative training outcomes of both groups. There was a significant difference in group mean scores between the group of trainees who performed five or more rounds of trials and those who performed two to three trials. Conclusion(s): The LTS3e simulator contributes to the acquisition of laparoscopic skills in less experienced surgeons. Performance improves progressively with practice. © 2008 American Society for Reproductive Medicine.	endoscopy skills; Laparoscopy; LTS3e; simulator models	adult; article; endoscopy; female; human; human experiment; laparoscopy; male; medical student; normal human; priority journal; skill; stimulation; task performance; training; Adult; Clinical Competence; Computer Simulation; Computer-Assisted Instruction; Cross-Sectional Studies; Education, Medical, Graduate; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Female; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; Humans; Laparoscopy; Male; Motor Skills; Task Performance and Analysis; User-Computer Interface; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921943604	Magnitude of the impact of hot flashes on sleep in perimenopausal women	De Zambotti M., Colrain I.M., Javitz H.S., Baker F.C.	2014	Fertility and Sterility	102	6	10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.08.016	Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	De Zambotti, M., Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States; Colrain, I.M., Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Javitz, H.S., Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States; Baker, F.C., Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States, Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Objective: To quantify the impact of objectively recorded hot flashes on objective sleep in perimenopausal women. Design: Cross-sectional study. Participants underwent 1-5 laboratory-based polysomnographic recordings for a total of 63 nights, including sternal skin-conductance measures, from which 222 hot flashes were identified according to established criteria. Data were analyzed with hierarchical mixed-effect models and Spearman's rank correlations. Setting: Sleep laboratory. Patient(s): Thirty-four perimenopausal women (age ± SD: 50.4 ± 2.7 years). Intervention(s): None. Main Outcome Measure(s): Perceived and polysomnographic sleep measures (sleep quality, amount of time spent awake after sleep onset, and number of awakenings). Subjective (frequency and level of bother) and objective (frequency and amount of hot flash-associated awake time) hot-flash measures. Result(s): Women had an average of 3.5 (95% confidence interval: 2.8-4.2, range = 1-9) objective hot flashes per night. A total of 69.4% of hot flashes were associated with an awakening. Hot flash-associated time awake per night was, on average, 16.6 minutes (95% confidence interval: 10.8-22.4 minutes), which accounted for 27.2% (SD 27.1) of total awake time per night. Hot flash-associated time awake, but not hot flash frequency, was negatively associated with sleep efficiency and positively associated with waking after sleep onset. In addition, self-reported wakefulness correlated with hot flash-associated waking, suggesting that women's estimates of wakefulness are influenced by the amount of time spent awake in association with hot flashes during the night. Having more perceived and bothersome hot flashes was correlated with more perceived wakefulness and awakenings and more objective hot flash-associated time awake and hot-flash frequency. Conclusion(s): The presence of physiological hot flashes accounts for a significant proportion of total objective time awake during the night in perimenopausal women. ©2014 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.	Hot flash; Menopause; Polysomnography; Skin conductance; Sleep	adult; arousal; Article; climacterium; cross-sectional study; electroencephalogram; female; hot flush; human; menopausal syndrome; outcome assessment; polysomnography; priority journal; skin conductance; sleep disorder; sleep quality; wakefulness; climacterium; complication; hot flush; middle aged; physiology; sleep; Sleep Wake Disorders; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Hot Flashes; Humans; Middle Aged; Perimenopause; Sleep; Sleep Wake Disorders; Wakefulness	HL103688, NIH, National Institutes of Health; U54-HD28934, NICHD, National Institutes of Health
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646791867	Estimating gill-net selectivity for Labeo umbratus (Pisces: Cyprinidae), and an evaluation of using fyke-nets as a non-destructive sampling gear in small reservoirs	Booth A.J., Potts W.M.	2006	Fisheries Research	79	42371	10.1016/j.fishres.2006.02.015	Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, 6139, South Africa	Booth, A.J., Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, 6139, South Africa; Potts, W.M., Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, 6139, South Africa	Estimates of gill-net selectivity for the cyprinid fish, Labeo umbratus, were compared using two conventional and two new estimation methods. All four methods provided similar estimates. The SELECT method was shown to be the simplest and most robust statistically. The Sechin model was found to be appropriate for the smaller mesh sizes. Being based on fish morphology, the Sechin model is not suggested for estimating the gill-net selectivity when fish are likely to get tangled. Although the direct fyke-net method appeared to adequately estimate gill-net selectivity, large sample sizes are required to obtain an accurate estimate of the population structure. This method is, therefore, considered appropriate for high-density populations and may have application for species that are likely to get tangled. The length-structured selectivity model was the most complicated mathematically. While it accurately described the gear selection process it required additional estimates of age and growth. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Fyke-nets; Gill-nets; Labeo umbratus; Length-structured model; Sechin's model; SELECT	cyprinid; fish; gillnet; growth rate; population structure; statistical analysis; Cyprinidae; Cypriniformes; Labeo umbratus; Pisces	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34147133701	Developing age-structured stock assessment models as a basis for management procedure evaluations for Namibian sardine	De Oliveira J.A.A., Boyer H.J., Kirchner C.H.	2007	Fisheries Research	85	42371	10.1016/j.fishres.2007.01.010	The Centre for the Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, United Kingdom; Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Box 912, Swakopmund, Namibia, South Africa	De Oliveira, J.A.A., The Centre for the Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, United Kingdom; Boyer, H.J., Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Box 912, Swakopmund, Namibia, South Africa; Kirchner, C.H., Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Box 912, Swakopmund, Namibia, South Africa	The Namibian sardine stock has experienced intense exploitation since 1950, with catches peaking at 1.4 million tonnes in 1968, followed by a collapse in the 1970s and 1980s. Namibia therefore inherited a severely depleted stock at Independence in 1990. The paper describes data available since Independence, which includes research survey data, and length frequencies obtained from port sampling. It also presents age-structured stock assessment models, which consider some of the main sources of uncertainty relating to values for natural mortality, and assumptions about survey bias, density-dependent effects in survey bias and variance, and the form of the stock-recruit curve. These models could be used as "operating models" to underpin the future development of management procedures for Namibian sardine. Despite reasonable fits, 95% confidence intervals for natural mortality are fairly wide and estimates of precision poor for most models considered. However, the model that assumes density-dependence in survey variance shows superior fits and improved estimates compared to the others, despite reservations about the existence of such effects. This indicates the need to explore the possibility of density-dependence in survey variance further if future management procedure performance is negatively affected by it. Crown Copyright © 2007.	Additional variance; Density-dependence; Namibian sardine; Operating model; Survey bias	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-59449084522	Reliability of community-based data monitoring in the Olifants River estuary (South Africa)	Carvalho A.R., Williams S., January M., Sowman M.	2009	Fisheries Research	96	42403	10.1016/j.fishres.2008.08.017	UCT University of Cape Town, Environmental Evaluation Unit (EEU), South Africa; UEG State University of Goiás, UEG/UnUCET, Laboratory of Ecological Research and Public Science, Brazil; Av. Dona Elvira 150/904-B, Santa Maria de Nazare, Anapolis/GO, CEP 75.113-360, Brazil	Carvalho, A.R., UCT University of Cape Town, Environmental Evaluation Unit (EEU), South Africa, UEG State University of Goiás, UEG/UnUCET, Laboratory of Ecological Research and Public Science, Brazil, Av. Dona Elvira 150/904-B, Santa Maria de Nazare, Anapolis/GO, CEP 75.113-360, Brazil; Williams, S., UCT University of Cape Town, Environmental Evaluation Unit (EEU), South Africa; January, M., UCT University of Cape Town, Environmental Evaluation Unit (EEU), South Africa; Sowman, M., UCT University of Cape Town, Environmental Evaluation Unit (EEU), South Africa	The promulgation of new fisheries policies and laws in South Africa in the late 1990s has provided opportunities for historically disadvantaged communities to access resources that were unequally distributed in the past. The Marine Living Resources Act of 1998, is one such piece of legislation that aims to create more equitable access to marine resources. However, research suggests that post-apartheid policy and legal reform in the fisheries sector have neglected artisanal fishers. This sector is still restricted in their access to fisheries resources, and their input into management, particularly with regard to their role as partners in the assessment, monitoring and management of resources, has been largely overlooked. In this paper, the analysis of information generated by a community-based monitoring program in a gillnet fishery on the Olifants River (Western Cape, South Africa) confirms the value of involving local fishers in the collection and analysis of data related to their fishing activities. Results demonstrated that: (1) Fisheries data collected by community-based monitors are reliable and can make a useful contribution to management decisions; (2) 63% of the target species captured are mature fish and the resource appears to be sustainably exploited; and (3) the incidental catch is negligible. Furthermore, the results provide useful information that might influence government policy proposals to implement a total ban on gillnetting in all South African estuaries. © 2008.	Co-management; Community monitoring; Estuary; Olifants River; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67349094974	Socioeconomic performance of West African fleets that target Atlantic billfish	Brinson A.A., Die D.J., Bannerman P.O., Diatta Y.	2009	Fisheries Research	99	1	10.1016/j.fishres.2009.04.010	University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Cooperative Unit for Fisheries Education and Research, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, United States; Fisheries Department, Ghana Ministry of Food and Agriculture, PO Box BT 62, Tema, Ghana; Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire Ch. A. Diop, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Bp 206, Dakar, Senegal	Brinson, A.A., University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Cooperative Unit for Fisheries Education and Research, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, United States; Die, D.J., University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Cooperative Unit for Fisheries Education and Research, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, United States; Bannerman, P.O., Fisheries Department, Ghana Ministry of Food and Agriculture, PO Box BT 62, Tema, Ghana; Diatta, Y., Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire Ch. A. Diop, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Bp 206, Dakar, Senegal	Managing marine resources is a contentious and complicated process. There are various users with competing objectives, especially in the case of artisanal and recreational fisheries management. Managers must consider not only the biological sustainability of the resources, but also account for the socioeconomic objectives of the fishery users, particularly in developing countries. In-person surveys were implemented with artisanal fishers that target billfish in Ghana and with recreational charter boat anglers that target billfish in Senegal. Data from the survey were used to compile financial performance indicators that describe the sustainability of the operations. In addition social and resource management perception data were collected in each location. The results of the study indicate that both fleets exhibit positive profit levels. Although fishers in both study locations perceived a declining billfish resource, they were largely unwilling to accept management measures to improve the resource. If management measures were to be considered for the artisanal fleet, managers should simultaneously introduce mechanisms to improve the technological storage capacity of harvested fish and training on saving schemes for artisanal fishers. Managers should also monitor the number of recreational vessels and their effort in Senegal. Performance indicators such as these are applicable and appropriate for quantitatively assessing the profitability of fishing fleets.	Artisanal; Billfish; Fisheries management; Performance indicators; Recreational; Socioeconomic; West Africa	Xiphiidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-29444446963	Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Cleome viscosa and Gmelina asiatica	Sudhakar M., Rao Ch.V., Rao P.M., Raju D.B.	2006	Fitoterapia	77	1	10.1016/j.fitote.2005.08.003	Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Vishnupur, Bhimavaram, 534 202 A.P., India; National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226 001 U.P., India; Gondar College of Medical Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia	Sudhakar, M., Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Vishnupur, Bhimavaram, 534 202 A.P., India; Rao, Ch.V., National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226 001 U.P., India; Rao, P.M., Gondar College of Medical Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia; Raju, D.B., Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Vishnupur, Bhimavaram, 534 202 A.P., India	The ethanolic extracts of the leaves and flowers of Cleome viscosa and roots of Gmelina asiatica were tested for antimicrobial activity. The two plants exhibited a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, particularly significative against Escherichia coli , Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The leaf extract of C. viscosa showed moderate activity against pathogenic fungi. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Antimicrobial activity; Cleome viscosa; Gmelina asiatica	cleome viscosa extract; Gmelina asiatica extract; plant extract; unclassified drug; antifungal activity; antimicrobial activity; article; Cleome; cleome viscosa; controlled study; drug activity; drug screening; Escherichia coli; flower; Gmelina asiatica; nonhuman; plant leaf; plant root; priority journal; Proteus vulgaris; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Verbenaceae; Anti-Infective Agents; Aspergillus niger; Bacillus subtilis; Candida albicans; Cleome; Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; Flowers; Lamiaceae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Proteus vulgaris; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Rhizopus; Staphylococcus aureus; Cleome; Cleome viscosa; Escherichia coli; Fungi; Gmelina asiatica; Proteus vulgaris; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Verbenaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893487553	Synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 3-Farnesyl-2-hydroxybenzoic acid from Piper multiplinervium	Malami I., Gibbons S., Malkinson J.P.	2014	Fitoterapia	93	None	10.1016/j.fitote.2014.01.005	Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, P.M.B 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom	Malami, I., Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, P.M.B 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria; Gibbons, S., Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom; Malkinson, J.P., Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom	3-Farnesyl-2-hydroxybenzoic acid is an antibacterial agent isolated from the leaves of Piper multiplinervium. This compound has activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Helicobacter pylori. This research aimed to synthesize a natural antibacterial compound and its analogs. The synthesis of 3-Farnesyl-2-hydroxybenzoic acid consists of three steps: straightforward synthesis involving protection of phenolic hydroxyl group, coupling of suitable isoprenyl chain to the protected aromatic ring at ortho position followed by carboxylation with concomitant deprotection to give the derivatives of the salicylic acid. All the three prenylated compounds synthesized were found to exhibit spectrum of activity against S. aureus (ATCC) having MIC: 5.84 × 10- 3, 41.46 × 10- 2 and 6.19 × 10 - 1 μmol/ml respectively. The compounds also displayed activity against resistance strain of S. aureus (SA1119B) having MIC: 5.84 × 10- 3, 7.29 × 10- 3 and 3.09 × 10 - 1 μmol/ml respectively. This synthesis has been achieved and accomplished with the confirmation of it structure to that of the original natural product, thus producing the first synthesis of the natural product and providing the first synthesis of its analogs with 3-Farnesyl-2-hydroxybenzoic acid having biological activity higher than that of the original natural product. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	3-Farnesyl-2-hydroxybenzoic acid; Antibacterial; Piper multiplinervium; Prenylated salicylic acid; Staphylococcus aureus	1, 3 dibromo 2 methoxymethoxybenzene; 2 bromo 6 dimethlyallyl 1 methoxymethoxybenzene; 2 bromo 6 farnesyl 1 methoxymethoxybenzene; 2 bromo 6 geranyl 1 methoxymethoxybenzene; 3 dimethylallyl 2 hydroxybenzoic acid; 3 farnesyl 2 hydroxybenzoic acid; 3 geranyl 2 hydroxybenzoic acid; antiinfective agent; aromatic compound; natural product; norfloxacin; phenol; salicylic acid; unclassified drug; 3-farnesyl-2-hydroxybenzoic acid; antiinfective agent; farnesol; hydroxybenzoic acid derivative; antibacterial activity; article; biological activity; carboxylation; controlled study; deprotection reaction; drug isolation; drug screening; drug synthesis; Escherichia coli; Gram negative bacterium; Gram positive bacterium; Helicobacter pylori; isoprenylation; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; Piper (plant); Piper multiplinervium; plant leaf; prenylation; priority journal; Staphylococcus aureus; structure activity relation; analogs and derivatives; chemistry; medicinal plant; microbial sensitivity test; Piper (plant); synthesis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Farnesol; Hydroxybenzoates; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Piper; Plants, Medicinal	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84869113671	Evaluation of the PC-SAFT, SAFT and CPA equations of state in predicting derivative properties of selected non-polar and hydrogen-bonding compounds	de Villiers A.J., Schwarz C.E., Burger A.J., Kontogeorgis G.M.	2013	Fluid Phase Equilibria	338	None	10.1016/j.fluid.2012.09.035	Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Center for Energy Resources Engineering (CERE), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark	de Villiers, A.J., Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Schwarz, C.E., Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Burger, A.J., Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Kontogeorgis, G.M., Center for Energy Resources Engineering (CERE), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark	In order to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential and limitations of the PC-SAFT, SAFT and CPA equations-of-state, this study offers insight into their application for the prediction of derivative properties over extensive ranges of pressure and temperature. The ability of these models to predict selected properties (heat capacities, pressure-volume derivative, pressure-temperature derivative and speed of sound) are evaluated for n-alkanes and 1-acohols. For n-alkanes, it is shown that the cubic term of CPA is unable to describe the pressure-volume derivative at high pressures, which is a major shortcoming in predicting derivative properties compared to SAFT-based models. Although PC-SAFT and SAFT provide a substantially better prediction of the pressure-volume derivative than CPA, they are still not accurate enough to obtain good speed of sound predictions. All three models are unable to accurately correlate the isochoric heat capacity, indicating an incorrect temperature dependency in these models. PC-SAFT shows peculiar behaviour in the description of the isobaric heat capacity of alkanes that can be traced back to the incorrect description of the pressure-temperature derivative. For 1-alcohols, both CPA and PC-SAFT accurately predict the isobaric heat capacity when modelled with the 3B association scheme, while SAFT is unable to capture the singularities present in the property irrespective of the association scheme used. None of the models are able to predict the speed of sound accurately, because the terms describing physical interactions result in poor estimates of the pressure-volume derivative that governs the property. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	1-Alcohols; CPA derivative properties; N-Alkanes; PC-SAFT; SAFT	1-Alcohols; CPA derivative properties; n-Alkanes; PC-SAFT; SAFT; Acoustic wave velocity; Hydrogen bonds; Models; Paraffins; Specific heat; Forecasting	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-10644291886	Impact of preservation and different packaging conditions on the microbial community and activity of Kefir grains	Witthuhn R.C., Schoeman T., Cilliers A., Britz T.J.	2005	Food Microbiology	22	4	10.1016/j.fm.2004.09.001	Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Priv. Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, S. A., South Africa	Witthuhn, R.C., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Priv. Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, S. A., South Africa; Schoeman, T., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Priv. Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, S. A., South Africa; Cilliers, A., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Priv. Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, S. A., South Africa; Britz, T.J., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Priv. Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, S. A., South Africa	Kefir is a cultured milk product that is produced by a mixed acidic and alcoholic fermentation by microbes found within Kefir grains. The aim of this study was to evaluate three different packaging materials in their ability to retain the viability and activity of the grains over an extended storage period. The impact of the different packaging and storage conditions on the microbial community of the grains was also determined. Kefir grains were lyophilized, packaged in three different packaging materials, including low-density polyethylene film (LDPE), oriented polyester film (OPET), and methallized oriented polyester film (MOPET) and stored for 3 months at room temperature. Activity tests, including pH, titratable acidity (%TA), lactose and lactic acid content over a 10 and 18 h fermentation period were used to evaluate the acidification activity of the lyophilized grains. Selective media, morphology and physiological characteristics were used to obtain the enumeration values and to identify the microbes present in the packaged and stored grains. Overall, the best retention of the fermentation activity was found for the MOPET film. The OPET packaging film provided the best preservation of the microbial composition. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Fermentation; Kefir grains; Lactic acid bacteria; Packaging; Preservation	Bacteria (microorganisms)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054914907	The impact of co-inoculation with Oenococcus oeni on the trancriptome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and on the flavour-active metabolite profiles during fermentation in synthetic must	Rossouw D., Du Toit M., Bauer F.F.	2012	Food Microbiology	29	1	10.1016/j.fm.2011.09.006	Institute for Wine Biotechnology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Rossouw, D., Institute for Wine Biotechnology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Du Toit, M., Institute for Wine Biotechnology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Bauer, F.F., Institute for Wine Biotechnology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Co-inoculation of commercial yeast strains with a bacterial starter culture at the beginning of fermentation of certain varietal grape juices is rapidly becoming a preferred option in the global wine industry, and frequently replaces the previously dominant sequential inoculation strategy where bacterial strains, responsible for malolactic fermentation, are inoculated after alcoholic fermentation has been completed. However, while several studies have highlighted potential advantages of co-inoculation, such studies have mainly focused on broad fermentation properties of the mixed cultures, and no data exist regarding the impact of this strategy on many oenologically relevant attributes of specific wine yeast strains such as aroma production. Here we investigate the impact of co-inoculation on a commercial yeast strain during alcoholic fermentation by comparing the transcriptome of this strain in yeast-only and in co-inoculated fermentations of synthetic must. The data show that a significant number of genes are differentially expressed in this strain in these two conditions. Some of the differentially expressed genes appear to respond to chemical changes in the fermenting must that are linked to bacterial metabolic activities, whereas others might represent a direct response of the yeast to the presence of a competing organism. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	Alcoholic fermentation; Malolactic fermentation; Oenococcus oeni; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Transcriptome	alcohol; flavoring agent; transcriptome; article; fermentation; genetics; metabolism; microbiology; Oenococcus; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Vitis; wine; Ethanol; Fermentation; Flavoring Agents; Industrial Microbiology; Oenococcus; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Transcriptome; Vitis; Wine; Bacteria (microorganisms); Oenococcus oeni; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Vitaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878852594	Post-occupancy evaluation of residential satisfaction in Lagos, Nigeria: Feedback for residential improvement	David Jiboye A.	2012	Frontiers of Architectural Research	1	3	10.1016/j.foar.2012.08.001	Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	David Jiboye, A., Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	This study is a post-occupancy evaluation of residential satisfaction in Oniru Estate, Lagos, Nigeria. It conceived residents' satisfaction as a measure of people's attitudes towards certain aspects of their residential environment. The very important role of certain physical quality or characteristics of the environment as a dominant predictor of satisfaction is emphasized. Apart from the measurement of residential satisfaction through post-occupancy evaluation, it also utilized respondents' satisfaction scores as indices for evaluating the performance of residential development in the study area. Analysis was done using Chi-square statistics (. p=0.05 with a level of significance of 0.000) to confirm the relationship between the quality of housing physical environment and level of residents' satisfaction. The results show and confirm that the quality of certain physical characteristics in the housing environment is imperative thereby influencing the level of residents' housing satisfaction. The need to consider relevant inputs emanating from the end-users or occupants of residential developments in the planning, design and development of satisfactory dwellings is highlighted. © 2012 Higher Education Press Limited Company.	Evaluation; Housing; Nigeria; Residential improvement; Satisfaction	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943010703	Ownership, structure, and performance of architectural firms	Oluwatayo A.A., Amole D.	2013	Frontiers of Architectural Research	2	1	10.1016/j.foar.2012.12.001	Department of Architecture, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria	Oluwatayo, A.A., Department of Architecture, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Amole, D., Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria	With architectural firms, owners are often managers whose characteristics may influence the firm structure. This study investigated the relationships between ownership characteristics, organizational structure, and performance of architectural firms. Utilizing a sample of architectural firms from Nigeria, a questionnaire survey of 92 architectural firms was carried out. Data were analyzed using multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) and regression analyses. A generally low level of specialization of duties was observed even though professional service firms were defined as highly specialized firms. For most of the firms, level of formalization was moderate or high, while level of centralization was mostly low. Results revealed a direct significant relationship between legal ownership form and formalization dimension of structure. In addition, the centralization dimension of structure influenced firm performance. However, no direct relationship between ownership characteristics and performance was noted, although different fits of ownership characteristics and structural variables were observed. The results suggest that principals of architectural firms should match their characteristics with the firm structure to enhance performance in relation to profit. © 2013 Higher Education Press Limited Company.	Architectural firm; Organizational structure; Ownership; Performance; Professional service firm	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938305048	Performance evaluation of residential buildings in public housing estates in Ogun State, Nigeria: Users' satisfaction perspective	Ibem E.O., Opoko A.P., Adeboye A.B., Amole D.	2013	Frontiers of Architectural Research	2	2	10.1016/j.foar.2013.02.001	Department of Architecture, Covenant University, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Osun State, Nigeria	Ibem, E.O., Department of Architecture, Covenant University, Ogun State, Nigeria; Opoko, A.P., Department of Architecture, Covenant University, Ogun State, Nigeria; Adeboye, A.B., Department of Architecture, Covenant University, Ogun State, Nigeria; Amole, D., Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Osun State, Nigeria	This study assessed the performance of residential buildings in public housing estates in urban areas of Ogun State Southwest Nigeria. It was based on the notion that users' satisfaction with dwelling units is a measure of the performance of residential buildings in meeting their needs and expectations. A cross sectional survey of 452 household heads in nine public housing estates was conducted in the study area. Data were obtained using structured questionnaire and observation schedule; and were subjected to descriptive statistics and factor analysis. A mean satisfaction score of 3.21 was observed; indicating that the respondents were generally satisfied with the performance of the different components of the buildings. Satisfaction levels were generally higher with privacy and sizes of living and sleeping areas than the availability of water and electricity in the buildings. The type, location and aesthetic appearance as well as size of main activity areas were the most predominant factors that determined satisfaction and indeed the performance of the buildings in meeting users' needs and expectations. The paper highlights critical areas where attention is needed in order to improve the performance of residential buildings and users' satisfaction with public housing projects in Nigeria. © 2013 Higher Education Press Limited Company.	Building performance; Ogun State; Residential buildings; Urban areas; User satisfaction	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943011778	Entry qualifications and academic performance of architecture students in Nigerian Polytechnics: Are the admission requirements still relevant?	Adewale P.O., Adhuze O.B.	2014	Frontiers of Architectural Research	3	1	10.1016/j.foar.2013.11.002	Department of Architectural Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti-State, Nigeria	Adewale, P.O., Department of Architectural Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti-State, Nigeria; Adhuze, O.B., Department of Architectural Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti-State, Nigeria	The competence of fresh graduates of architecture has been continuously criticized by the industry for inadequate knowledge. This is often blamed on the poor standard of education evidenced by poor performances in professional and degree/diploma examinations conducted by various schools of architecture in the country. Although, factors responsible for the scenario are well documented in the literature, most of these works are based on testimonial and circumstantial evidences relating to management of architectural education only. The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between entry qualifications and the performance of architecture students in Nigerian Polytechnics with a view to determining the relevance of current admission policy to architectural education in Nigeria. Data were obtained from official records in the Department of Architecture in four randomly selected polytechnics in the southwestern part of Nigeria. Pearson Product Moment Correlation (. r) was used to test the hypotheses. Findings reveal weak relationship between the two variables (physics and mathematics). This is contrary to the expectations of most scholars and policy makers who opine that students' proficiency in these subjects would enhance their performance at higher levels. The paper traces the contradiction to the poor handling of public examinations and misconception of architecture as being pure science. It holds that if these requirements are still relied upon for the admission of students into schools of architecture, wrong candidates would continue to gain entry into the profession. The paper concludes by recommending certain measures that are capable of reversing the trend. © 2014 Higher Education Press Limited Company.	Academic performance; Admission criteria; Architecture; Arts; Education; Science	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-10044280158	Chemical evaluation of the seeds of Milletia obanensis	Umoren U.E., Essien A.I., Ukorebi B.A., Essien E.B.	2005	Food Chemistry	91	2	10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.08.029	Department of Animal Science, University of Calabar, Cross River, Nigeria; Snowbird Foods Ltd., Wharf Road, Ponders End, Middlesan, en 4TD, Enfield, Nigeria	Umoren, U.E., Department of Animal Science, University of Calabar, Cross River, Nigeria; Essien, A.I., Department of Animal Science, University of Calabar, Cross River, Nigeria; Ukorebi, B.A., Department of Animal Science, University of Calabar, Cross River, Nigeria; Essien, E.B., Snowbird Foods Ltd., Wharf Road, Ponders End, Middlesan, en 4TD, Enfield, Nigeria	A study was conduced to evaluate the nutritional potential of Milletia obanensis "Odudu" as a possible food or feedstuff and to assess the effect of various processing methods on its nutritional quality. Results of proximate analysis showed that the raw seeds contained 26.7% crude protein, 23.5% ether extract, 3.47% crude fibre, 4.37% ash and 42.0% nitrogen free extract. The protein was well supplied with essential and non-essential amino acids, though the values were low when compared with popular seed legumes. Minerals were in fair supply: P 3.10, Mg 92.30, K 45.25 and Fe 2.20 mg/100 g. Processing methods significantly (p<0.05) affected the nutritional composition. While autoclaving, boiling and toasting (heat treatment) increased the protein content, it reduced the levels of anti-nutritional factors-phytate, tannins, oxalates, cyanogenic glycosides and (slightly) saponin. Thus, it was concluded that M. obanensis seeds, if properly processed, could serve as livestock feed or food for man. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Amino acids; Antinutritional factors; Chemical evaluation; Milletia obanensis; Nutritional potential; Processing methods	essential amino acid; ether; glycoside; iron; magnesium; mineral; nitrogen; oxalic acid; phosphorus; phytate; potassium; saponin; tannin derivative; vegetable protein; analytic method; animal food; article; ash; autoclave; biochemical composition; controlled study; cooking; food; food processing; heat treatment; heating; intermethod comparison; legume; livestock; milletia obanensis; nonhuman; nutritional value; plant; plant fiber; plant seed; protein content; statistical significance; Fraxinus; Millettia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-31944449074	The relationship between some chemical parameters and sensory evaluations for plain black tea (Camellia sinensis) produced in Kenya and comparison with similar teas from Malawi and South Africa	Okinda Owuor P., Obanda M., Nyirenda H.E., Mphangwe N.I.K., Wright L.P., Apostolides Z.	2006	Food Chemistry	97	4	10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.04.027	Tea Research Foundation of Kenya, P.O. Box 820, Kericho, Kenya; Tea Research Foundation (Central Africa), P.O. Box 51, Mulanje, Malawi; Department of Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333-40105, Maseno, Kenya; Department of Botany and Horticulture, Maseno Univeristy, P.O. Box 333-40105, Maseno, Kenya	Okinda Owuor, P., Tea Research Foundation of Kenya, P.O. Box 820, Kericho, Kenya, Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333-40105, Maseno, Kenya; Obanda, M., Tea Research Foundation of Kenya, P.O. Box 820, Kericho, Kenya, Department of Botany and Horticulture, Maseno Univeristy, P.O. Box 333-40105, Maseno, Kenya; Nyirenda, H.E., Tea Research Foundation (Central Africa), P.O. Box 51, Mulanje, Malawi; Mphangwe, N.I.K., Tea Research Foundation (Central Africa), P.O. Box 51, Mulanje, Malawi; Wright, L.P., Department of Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Apostolides, Z., Department of Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Reliable and accurately measurable chemical parameters that can be used to estimate black tea quality are desirable in trade, research and breeding programmes. Using plain Kenyan black tea from 11 cultivars, which gave some significant differences in their plain black tea quality parameters, the individual theaflavins composition, total theaflavins, thearubigins, theaflavin digallate equivalent, total colour and brightness were determined. The parameters were regressed against sensory evaluation scores of two tasters A and B. The theaflavin digallate equivalent (TDE) showed the strongest relationship (r = 0.71 (P ≤ 0.01) and r = 0.80 (P ≤ 0.001)) for A and B′, respectively. The simple (non gallated) theaflavin and thearubigins did not show significant relationships with sensory evaluation. Of the liquor characteristics, there were significant relationships between liquor brightness and sensory evaluation by A and B (r = 0.58 (P ≤ 0.06) and r = 0.59 (P ≤ 0.05)), respectively. In consequence, TDE and brightness can be used in tea breeding programmes as quality indicators or to estimate plain black tea quality potential in the tea trade. Optimising their levels can also help to produce good quality Kenyan black teas during processing. Comparison of these results with work published earlier indicates that, of the individual theaflavins, theaflavin-3,3′-digallate correlates best with tea taster scores for the 11 Kenyan cultivars, whereas the simple theaflavin correlates best with tea tasters' scores for 40 Malawian cultivars. However, the derived parameter, TDE correlates very well with tea tasters' scores for all of the above cultivars. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Black tea; Brightness; Camellia sinensis; Central and Southern Africa; Colour; Eastern Africa; Kenya; Malawi; Quality; South Africa; Theaflavin digallate equivalents; Theaflavins	black tea extract; theaflavin; article; chemical parameters; chemical structure; food composition; food quality; Kenya; Malawi; sensory evaluation; South Africa; tea; Camellia sinensis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33748979968	Chemical analysis and preliminary toxicological evaluation of Garcinia mangostana seeds and seed oil	Ajayi I.A., Oderinde R.A., Ogunkoya B.O., Egunyomi A., Taiwo V.O.	2006	Food Chemistry	101	3	10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.02.053	Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Botany Department, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Ajayi, I.A., Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Oderinde, R.A., Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ogunkoya, B.O., Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Egunyomi, A., Botany Department, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Taiwo, V.O., Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The chemical analysis and preliminary toxicological evaluation of Garcinia mangostana seeds and seed oil have been investigated in order to determine the possibility of using them for human and/or animal consumption. Proximate analysis showed that the seeds had high amount of carbohydrate and were rich in oil (21.68 ± 6.18%) but have a low protein content. The physical properties of the oil extracts showed the state to be liquid at room temperature (25 ± 1 °C) and the colour of the oil golden-orange. The specific gravity of the oil was 0.98 ± 0.01. Among the chemical properties of the oil extracts, acid value, saponification number, iodine value, percent free fatty acid and peroxide value compared well with those of conventional edible oils. The seed flour was found to be a good source of minerals. It contained considerable amounts of potassium (7071 mg/kg), magnesium (865 mg/kg) and calcium (454 mg/kg). Fatty acid composition of the seed oil indicated that the oil contained one essential fatty acids small proportions: linoleic acid (1.30%). The most prevalent fatty acids were palmitic acid (49.5%) and oleic acid (34.0%). Weanling albino rats appeared to suffer no toxicological effects when fed with G. mangostana seed oil in their diet for 8 weeks. Weekly monitoring of the rats showed good physical appearance and steady weight increase. Histological examination of sections of the heart, liver, kidney, spleen and lung revealed that the kidney of some of the rats had some degrees of pathology which included diffuse glomerular and tubular degeneration. No lesion was found in the heart and liver of the rats. The seed oil could be useful as an edible oil and for industrial applications. © 2006.	Fatty acid; Garcinia mangostana; Mineral elements; Toxicology effect	calcium; carbohydrate; fatty acid; iodine; linoleic acid; magnesium; oleic acid; palmitic acid; peroxide; potassium; vegetable oil; acidity; animal tissue; article; chemical analysis; chemical composition; color; comparative study; degeneration; diet; fluor; Garcinia mangostana; glomerulus; heart; histology; kidney; kidney tubule; lipid composition; liquid; liver; lung; monitoring; nonhuman; pathology; plant seed; rat; relative density; room temperature; saponification; spleen; toxicology; Animalia; Garcinia mangostana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33847108463	Bio-nutritional evaluations of three tropical leaf vegetables (Telfairia occidentalis, Amaranthus cruentus and Talinum triangulare) as sole dietary protein sources in rat assay	Fasuyi A.O.	2007	Food Chemistry	103	3	10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.09.030	Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti-State, Nigeria	Fasuyi, A.O., Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti-State, Nigeria	The bio-nutritional potentials of three tropical vegetable leaf meals (Telfairia occidentalis leaf meal, TOLM; Talinum triangulare leaf meal, TTLM and Amaranthus cruentus leaf meal, ACLM) were investigated using albino rat as the test animal. Some protein quality evaluation indices were measured when the three vegetable leaf meals (VLMs) were used as sole protein sources in diets fed to the experimental animals and results were compared with data obtained for a basal nitrogen free diet (diet 1) and another reference diet (diet 2) in which the protein was solely supplied by nutritional casein (pure protein). The weight gain value recorded over a 10 day experimental period for the test animals on the reference (casein) diet 2 was consistently higher (P < 0.05) than the weight gain value obtained for the animals on the 3 VLMs diets (diets 3-5). Feed intake values recorded for the rats on the VLMs were similar (P > 0.05) and significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the value obtained for rats on the reference (casein) diet. Nitrogen excreted in faeces (feacal nitrogen) was lowest (P < 0.05) for the animals in reference diet 2. However, the nitrogen excreted in urine (urinary nitrogen) was highest (P < 0.05) for the animals on reference diet 2 and lowest for animals on diet 3 (TOLM diet) (P < 0.05). The nitrogen retention (NR) value obtained for the test animals on the reference diet 2 was similar (P > 0.05) to the value obtained for animals on diet 3 (TOLM). These values were significantly higher (P > 0.05) than NR values obtained for animals on diets 4 (TTLM) and 5 (ACLM). Expectedly, the apparent nitrogen digestibility (AND), protein efficiency ratio (PER), net protein ratio (NPR), true digestibility (TD), biological value (BV) and net protein utilization (NPU) all indicated higher and better values (P < 0.05) than the corresponding values obtained for the 3 VLMs diets (diets 3-5). © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Nitrogen free diet; Protein quality evaluation; Rat bioassay; Reference diet	casein; nitrogen; Amaranthus cruentus; animal experiment; article; bioassay; dietary intake; digestion; feces analysis; measurement; nitrogen urine level; nonhuman; nutritional assessment; protein intake; rat; Talinum triangulare; Telfairia occidentalis; vegetable; weight gain; Amaranthus cruentus; Animalia; Rattus; Talinum triangulare; Telfairia occidentalis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34247483435	Evaluation of antioxidant activity and the fatty acid profile of the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina growing in South Africa	Erasto P., Grierson D.S., Afolayan A.J.	2007	Food Chemistry	104	2	10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.12.013	Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, P/Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa	Erasto, P., Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, P/Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa; Grierson, D.S., Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, P/Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa; Afolayan, A.J., Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, P/Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa	The leaves of Vernonia amygdalina were examined for antioxidant activity and analysed for their fatty acids content. Using transesterification and GC-MS analysis, 12 fatty acids were identified, which accounted for 74.1% of the lipid content. Two essential fatty acids (EFA), linoleic and α-linolenic acid were found in abundance in the oil. Using DPPH and a ABTS radical scavenging experiments, acetone, methanol and water extracts were screened for their antioxidant activity. The methanol extract exhibited high activity, by scavenging 75-99.3% of the DPPH radicals and 96.2-100% of the ABTS{radical dot}+radicals. These values are higher than those of butylated hydroxytoluene and were less than or equal to those of catechin. The water extract was the least active; its activity ranged from 29% to 88% for DPPH radicals and 76.8-98.3% for ABTS{radical dot}+. The presence of EFA and the high antioxidant activity of the leaf extracts have validated the importance of V. amygdalina in the diet. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Antioxidant activity; Fatty acids; Free radical scavenging; Vernonia amygdalina	1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl; 2,2' azinobis(3 ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulfonic acid); acetone; antioxidant; butylcresol; catechin; fatty acid; linoleic acid; linolenic acid; methanol; oil; scavenger; sulfonic acid derivative; unclassified drug; Vernonia amydalina extract; water; antioxidant activity; article; diet; drug activity; gas chromatography; mass spectrometer; nonhuman; plant; screening; South Africa; transesterification; vernonia amygdalina; Vernonia amygdalina	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548275467	Short-term toxicological evaluation of Terminalia catappa, Pentaclethra macrophylla and Calophyllum inophyllum seed oils in rats	Ajayi I.A., Oderinde R.A., Taiwo V.O., Agbedana E.O.	2008	Food Chemistry	106	2	10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.05.093	Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, Universit	Ajayi, I.A., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Oderinde, R.A., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Taiwo, V.O., Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Agbedana, E.O., Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The purpose of this study was to evaluate the toxicological effects of feeding the oils of Calophyllum inophyllum, Pentaclethra macrophylla and Terminalia catappa to rats. The effects on physical appearance, feed intake, weight gain, plasma and tissue cholesterol and triacyglycerol levels in rats with 5% of the oils in normal rat feed were determined. Weekly monitoring of the rats showed good physical appearance and steady weight gain, with no mortality recorded for the period of the study. Haematological analysis of the rats indicated that they were not anaemic. Histopathotogical examination of the sections of the heart, liver, kidney and spleen revealed moderate (T. catappa oil) to severe fatty change and necrosis in the liver. Glomerulonephrotic changes in the kidneys of rats fed with T. catappa oil were moderate, while it was severe in the group fed with P. macrophylla oil. Severe myocardiac necrosis as well as atherosclerotic clefts in vasa vasori was observed in the vasa vasori of the hearts of rats fed with P. macrophylla oil. This change was moderate in the heart of rats fed with C. inophyllum, while no such observation was made in the group fed with T. catappa oil. There was a significant difference in the plasma cholesterol levels of the rats fed with C. inophyllum and T. catappa oils when compared with the control rats, while those fed with P. macrophylla oil had no significant difference. The oil of T. catappa appears more suitable for consumption than the oils from C. inophyllum and P. macrophylla. Fatty acid analysis of the oils showed that they have high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids with linoleic and oleic acids as the major ones. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Calophyllum inophyllum; Pentaclethra macrophylla; Terminalia catappa; Toxicological effect	calophyllum inophyllum extract; pentaclethra macrophylla extract; plant extract; Terminalia catappa extract; unclassified drug; vegetable oil; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; article; Calophyllum; Calophyllum inophyllum; controlled study; histopathology; medicinal plant; monitoring; nonhuman; parameter; pentaclethra macrophylla; plant seed; rat; Terminalia; toxicity testing; Calophyllum inophyllum; Pentaclethra macrophylla; Rattus; Terminalia catappa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-71349083537	Comparative evaluation of the antibacterial activities of the essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis L. obtained by hydrodistillation and solvent free microwave extraction methods	Okoh O.O., Sadimenko A.P., Afolayan A.J.	2010	Food Chemistry	120	1	10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.09.084	Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa	Okoh, O.O., Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa; Sadimenko, A.P., Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa; Afolayan, A.J., Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa	Rosmarinus officinalis L. is a perennial herb that belongs to the Lamiaceae family. It is used as a food flavouring agent, and well known medicinally for its powerful antimutagenic, antibacterial and chemopreventive properties. Essential oils were obtained from this plant by hydrodistillation (HD) and solvent free microwave extraction (SFME). GC-MS analyses of the oils revealed the presence of 24 and 21 compounds in the essential oils obtained through HD and SFME, respectively. The total yield of the volatile fractions obtained through HD and SFME was 0.31% and 0.39%, respectively. Higher amounts of oxygenated monoterpenes such as borneol, camphor, terpene-4-ol, linalool, α-terpeneol (28.6%) were present in the oil of SFME in comparison with HD (26.98%). However, HD oil contained more monoterpene hydrocarbons such as α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene, myrcene, α-phellanderene, 1,8-cineole, trans β-ocimene, γ-terpenene, and cis sabinene hydrate (32.95%) than SFME extracted oil (25.77%). The essential oils obtained using the two methods of extraction were active against all the bacteria tested at a concentration of 10 mg ml-1. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for all the susceptible bacteria ranged between 0.23 mg ml-1 and 7.5 mg ml-1.. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Antimicrobial activity; Essential oil; Hydrodistillation; Rosmarinus officinalis; Solvent free microwave extraction	1 methyl 2,4 nitrophenylbenzimid; 1,5 diphenyl 2h 1,2,4 triazoline; 2 methoxy 3,8 dioxocephalotax 1 ene; alpha phellanderene; behenic acid; beta pinene; borneol; bornyl acetate; camphene; camphor; caryophyllene; caryophyllene oxide; cineole; essential oil; humulene; jasmone; linalool; myrcene; myrtenol; ocimene; pentasiloxane; phthalic acid; phthalic acid derivative; pinene; sabinene; sesquiterpene derivative; terpene 4 ol; terpene derivative; terpinene; unclassified drug; verbinone; antibacterial activity; article; chemical composition; controlled study; distillation; gas chromatography; intermethod comparison; mass spectrometry; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; rosemary; solvent extraction; Dryobalanops; Lamiaceae; Rosmarinus officinalis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956620295	Impact of cowpea addition on the Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score and other protein quality parameters of traditional African foods made from non-tannin and tannin sorghum	Anyango J.O., de Kock H.L., Taylor J.R.N.	2011	Food Chemistry	124	3	10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.06.094	Department of Food Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Anyango, J.O., Department of Food Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; de Kock, H.L., Department of Food Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Taylor, J.R.N., Department of Food Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Protein malnutrition is a problem in Africa where sorghum is a staple foodstuff. Improvement in the protein quality of traditional African sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) foods through the addition of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp), an indigenous African legume, was investigated. Two sorghum cultivars, a red, tannin-type (NS 5511) and a white tan-plant, non-tannin type (Orbit) were complemented with cowpea (70:30 ratio). Ugali (thick porridge), uji (fermented thin porridge) and injera (fermented flatbread) were prepared. The protein lysine scores of cowpea-complemented foods were about double the levels of sorghum-only foods. The in vitro protein digestibility of the foods increased by 13-62%. The increase in lysine and protein digestibility improvement resulted in three- and two-fold improvement in the Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) of NS 5511, and Orbit foods, respectively. Addition of cowpea to tannin, as well as non-tannin sorghum is a viable option for improving the protein quality of a wide range of traditional African foods. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.	Cowpea; Lysine score; Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS); Protein quality; Sorghum; Tannins; Traditional African foods	Cowpea; Lysine score; Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS); Protein quality; Sorghum; Tannins; Traditional African foods; Amino acids; Proteins; lysine; tannin derivative; Africa; amino acid analysis; article; cowpea; cultivar; food; in vitro study; nonhuman; protein content; protein malnutrition; protein quality; sorghum; Sorghum bicolor; Vigna unguiculata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79958041263	Quantification of glutathione, catechin and caffeic acid in grape juice and wine by a novel ultra-performance liquid chromatography method	Fracassetti D., Lawrence N., Tredoux A.G.J., Tirelli A., Nieuwoudt H.H., Du Toit W.J.	2011	Food Chemistry	128	4	10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.04.001	Department of Food Science, Technology and Microbiology, University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; Institute for Wine Biotechnology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Department of Viticulture and Oenology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	Fracassetti, D., Department of Food Science, Technology and Microbiology, University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; Lawrence, N., Institute for Wine Biotechnology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Tredoux, A.G.J., Institute for Wine Biotechnology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Tirelli, A., Department of Food Science, Technology and Microbiology, University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; Nieuwoudt, H.H., Institute for Wine Biotechnology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Du Toit, W.J., Department of Viticulture and Oenology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	This research aimed at the development and validation of an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method for the quantification of glutathione (GSH) in grape juice and in white wine after derivatisation with para-benzoquinone. The phenolic compounds catechin and caffeic acid that occur in white wine and have antioxidant effects, are also quantified in the same analysis. Catechin is the basic monomeric unit of grape and wine tannins and caffeic acid, when esterified with tartaric acid, plays a relevant role in Grape Reaction Product (GRP) formation. The analytical method proposed showed good linearity, repeatability and intermediate repeatability, as well as high recovery (>85%). It was applied for the quantification of GSH, catechin and caffeic acid in South African juices (12) and white wines (43). This novel method will have a large impact on the time and costs of the analyses for the wine industry through enabling rapid routine quantification of GSH, catechin and caffeic acid. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Caffeic acid; Catechin; Glutathione; Grape juice; UPLC; White wine	Caffeic acids; Catechin; Glutathione; Grape juice; UPLC; White wine; Fruit juices; Fruits; Liquid chromatography; Liquids; Organic compounds; Wine; Phenols; alcohol; caffeic acid; catechin; citric acid; glutathione; solvent; sugar; sulfur dioxide; trifluoroacetic acid; aroma; article; assay; grape juice; high performance liquid chromatography; oxidation; time; ultra performance liquid chromatography; wine; wine industry; Vitaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886745650	Carotenoid accumulation and agronomic performance of maize hybrids involving parental combinations from different marker-based groups	Menkir A., Gedil M., Tanumihardjo S., Adepoju A., Bossey B.	2014	Food Chemistry	148	None	10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.156	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Oyo Road, PMB 5320 Ibadan, Nigeria; University of Wisconsin, 273 Nutritional Science, 1415 Linden DY, Madison, WI 53706, United States	Menkir, A., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Oyo Road, PMB 5320 Ibadan, Nigeria; Gedil, M., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Oyo Road, PMB 5320 Ibadan, Nigeria; Tanumihardjo, S., University of Wisconsin, 273 Nutritional Science, 1415 Linden DY, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Adepoju, A., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Oyo Road, PMB 5320 Ibadan, Nigeria; Bossey, B., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Oyo Road, PMB 5320 Ibadan, Nigeria	The present study examined the effect of crossing parental lines from two AFLP-based groups on carotenoid accumulation and agronomic performance in hybrids, which were tested in four environments in Nigeria. Environments, hybrids and hybrid × environment interactions had significant effects on carotenoid content. Hybrids had consistent carotenoid levels across test environments. The correlations between carotenoids produced in a specific branch of the biosynthetic pathway were significant and positive. Environments, hybrids and hybrid × environment interactions had significant effects on grain yield and other traits in this study. Several hybrids with high provitamin A content that were competitive to a commercial hybrid in grain yield and other traits were identified in this study. Selection of parental lines with high provitamin A content and desirable agronomic traits from different molecular-based groups may serve as the basis for developing hybrids with greater expression of heterosis in productivity and concentrations of provitamin A carotenoids. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism); Agronomic traits; Carotenoids; Hybrids; Marker-based groups	Agronomic traits; Amplified fragment length polymorphisms; Carotenoids; Hybrids; Marker-based groups; Agronomy; Pigments; alpha carotene; carotenoid; agronomic trait; article; bioaccumulation; controlled study; cross breeding; grain yield; hybrid; maize; Nigeria; nonhuman; plant environment interaction; Zea mays; AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism); Agronomic traits; Carotenoids; Hybrids; Marker-based groups; Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis; Biological Markers; Carotenoids; Hybridization, Genetic; Nigeria; Plant Extracts; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84906959586	Vortex-assisted ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of sulfonylurea herbicides in wine samples by capillary high-performance liquid chromatography	Gure A., Lara F.J., García-Campaña A.M., Megersa N., Del Olmo-Iruela M.	2014	Food Chemistry	170	None	10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.065	Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, Granada, Spain; Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Gure, A., Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, Granada, Spain, Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Lara, F.J., Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, Granada, Spain; García-Campaña, A.M., Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, Granada, Spain; Megersa, N., Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Del Olmo-Iruela, M., Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, Granada, Spain	A new sample treatment, namely vortex-assisted ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (VA-IL-DLLME), followed by capillary liquid chromatography has been developed for the determination of four sulfonylurea herbicides (SUHs): flazasulfuron (FS), prosulfuron (PS), primisulfuron-methyl (PSM) and triflusulfuron-methyl (TSM) in wine samples. The ionic liquid (IL) 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C6MIM][PF6]) was used as extraction solvent and was dispersed using methanol into the sample solution, assisted by a vortex mixer. Various parameters influencing the extraction efficiency, such as type and amount of IL, type and volume of disperser solvent, sample pH, salting-out effect, vortex and centrifugation time were studied. Under the optimum conditions, the limits of detection and quantification of the proposed method were in the ranges of 3.2-6.6 and 10.8-22.0 μg kg-1, respectively; lower than the maximum residue limits set by the EU for these matrices. The proposed method was successfully applied to different wine samples and satisfactory recoveries were obtained. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Capillary liquid chromatography; Ionic liquid; Sulfonylurea herbicides; Vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction; Wine samples	Capillary high-performance liquid chromatography; Capillary liquid chromatography; Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction; Sulfonylurea herbicides; Vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction; Wine sample; Ionic liquids; flazasulfuron; herbicide; imidazole derivative; ionic liquid; methanol; primisulfuron methyl; prosulfuron; sulfonylurea derivative; triflusulfuron methyl; unclassified drug; herbicide; ionic liquid; solvent; sulfonylurea derivative; Article; capillary high performance liquid chromatography; centrifugation; high performance liquid chromatography; limit of detection; limit of quantitation; liquid phase microextraction; pH; solvent extraction; vortex assisted ionic liquid dispersive liquid liquid microextraction; wine; analysis; chemistry; high performance liquid chromatography; procedures; wine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Herbicides; Ionic Liquids; Solvents; Sulfonylurea Compounds; Wine	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84912553336	Novel in situ evaluation of the role minerals play in the development of the hard-to-cook (HTC) defect of cowpeas and its effect on the in vitro mineral bioaccessibility	Kruger J., Minnis-Ndimba R., Mtshali C., Minnaar A.	2015	Food Chemistry	174	None	10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.10.134	Department of Food Science, Institute for Food, Nutrition and Well-being, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, South Africa; Materials Research Department, IThemba LABS, National Research Foundation (NRF), PO Box 722, Somerset West, South Africa	Kruger, J., Department of Food Science, Institute for Food, Nutrition and Well-being, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, South Africa; Minnis-Ndimba, R., Materials Research Department, IThemba LABS, National Research Foundation (NRF), PO Box 722, Somerset West, South Africa; Mtshali, C., Materials Research Department, IThemba LABS, National Research Foundation (NRF), PO Box 722, Somerset West, South Africa; Minnaar, A., Department of Food Science, Institute for Food, Nutrition and Well-being, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, South Africa	Cowpea is a nutritionally important drought-resistant legume in sub-Saharan Africa. It is, however, underutilised, in part due to the hard-to-cook (HTC) defect caused by adverse storage conditions resulting in seeds not softening during cooking. This study introduced a novel evaluation of the potential role that minerals play in the development of the HTC defect. The mineral distribution in the cotyledons of normal and HTC cowpeas were analysed by Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) spectrometry. The phytate, tannin and total phenolic contents were analysed together with in vitro mineral bioaccessibility. In HTC cowpeas, Ca and Mg were more concentrated in the cell wall-middle lamella area of the parenchyma cells. This, together with the reduction in phytate content, confirmed the 'phytase-phytate-mineral' hypothesis as a mechanism for development of the HTC defect. Despite the phytate reduction in stored cowpeas, the HTC defect decreased the bioaccessibility of Ca, Fe and Zn in cowpeas. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Calcium; Cowpea; Hard-to-cook; HTC; In situ; Iron; Magnesium; Mineral bioaccessibility; Phosphorus; Phytate; PIXE; Proton Induced X-ray Emission spectrometry; Zinc	Calcium; Defects; Drought; Electromagnetic wave emission; Iron; Magnesium; Phosphorus; Protons; Spectrometry; X ray scattering; Zinc; Bioaccessibility; Cowpea; HTC; Phytate; PIXE; Proton induced x-ray emissions; Minerals; calcium ion; ferric ion; magnesium; mineral; phytate; tannin; zinc ion; mineral; phytic acid; Article; cell wall; cooking; cotyledon; cowpea; hypothesis; in vitro study; chemistry; cooking; Fabaceae; metabolism; plant seed; spectrometry; Cooking; Fabaceae; Minerals; Phytic Acid; Seeds; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36148991468	Evaluation of diversity of Candida species isolated from fermented cassava during traditional small scale gari production in Nigeria	Oguntoyinbo F.A.	2008	Food Control	19	5	10.1016/j.foodcont.2007.05.010	Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria	Oguntoyinbo, F.A., Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria	The yeast population dynamics during cassava fermentation at different time regimes was determined and the Candida species isolated from the fermented mash were identified using combined phenotypic and genomic methods. The yeast population increases as the fermentation progresses with corresponding pH reduction mediated by lactic acid bacteria and yeast co-metabolism. The phenotypic characteristic of the Candida species isolated from fermented cassava during gari production in Nigeria was determined using the sugar fermentation profile of the API 20AUX that generated the phenotypic identity of Candida species as Candida guilliermondii, Candida krusei, Candida maris, Candida galabrata. Only strain 1RB identified phenotypically as C. guilliermondii fermented all the sugars except inositol and lactose. Although, the strain 2RB identified by the API 20AUX as C. maris fermented galactose, all other strains could only ferment glucose with the presence of pseudohypae. The result of the comparison of the 18S rDNA gene sequencing with the blast database identified the strains of C. guilliermondii 100% C. krusei 98%, Candida inconspicua 100%, Candida rugopelliculosa 98%. The results also demonstrated that different strains of Candida species participated in the traditional fermentation of cassava and differentiated C. krusei from C. inconspicua using the 18S rDNA gene sequencing. C. inconspicua has not been previously reported due to its phenotypic relatedness to C. krusei. C. inconspicua may not be a good candidate to be selected as starter culture due to its medical importance; it must be genetically differentiated from the diverse strains of C. krusei that participated in the fermentation. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Candida; Cassava; Characterization; Fermentation	Bacteria (microorganisms); Candida; Candida inconspicua; Candida maris; Candida rugopelliculosa; Gari; Issatchenkia orientalis; Manihot esculenta; Pichia guilliermondii	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84890819358	Evaluation of food safety and sanitary practices among food vendors at car parks in Ile Ife, southwestern Nigeria	Aluko O.O., Ojeremi T.T., Olaleke D.A., Ajidagba E.B.	2014	Food Control	40	1	10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.11.049	Department of Community Health, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria	Aluko, O.O., Department of Community Health, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria; Ojeremi, T.T., Department of Community Health, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria; Olaleke, D.A., Department of Community Health, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria; Ajidagba, E.B., Department of Community Health, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria	Globally, the street food business has expanded rapidly and provides access to a diversity of inexpensive, ready-to-eat variety of food for customers. Street Food vendors (SFVs) operate where numerous customers exist and their operations are poorly regulated in Nigeria. Globally, SFVs were implicated in several outbreaks of foodborne diseases. This study therefore evaluates the behavioural characteristics and hygiene practices of SFVs in car parks in Ile Ife, southwestern Nigeria.The study was cross sectional in design and utilized interviewer-administered questionnaire on 160 randomly selected SFVs, targeting demography, food and personal hygiene practices and knowledge of foodborne diseases.Most respondents were <40 years (134, 83.7%); females (147, 91.9%); married (125, 78.1%); had at least secondary education (144, 90%); and vend whole meals (151, 94.3%), respectively. In addition, only 27 (16.9%) '. always' wash hands after using the toilet; 100 (62.5%) '. rarely' keep finger nails short while only 6 (3.8%) SFVs '. always' refrigerate leftover cooked food, though experiences power outages that compromise refrigeration temperatures. About 2/3 (61.9%) of the SFVs had no formal training and their medical status is unknown. Hence, inception and refreshers trainings should be mandatory and enforced by appropriate authorities. In addition, supportive monitoring, supervision, among others are necessary to promote compliance. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Car parks; Food safety and hygiene; Personal hygiene and environmental hygiene; Street food vendors	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891703427	Current food safety management systems in fresh produce exporting industry are associated with lower performance due to context riskiness: Case study	Sawe C.T., Onyango C.M., Njage P.M.K.	2014	Food Control	40	1	10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.12.019	Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Technology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Plant Science and Crop Protection, University of Nairobi, Kenya	Sawe, C.T., Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Technology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya; Onyango, C.M., Department of Plant Science and Crop Protection, University of Nairobi, Kenya; Njage, P.M.K., Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Technology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya	Food processors implement differing food safety and quality assurance standards and guidelines. This may result in variable performance of the food safety management systems (FSMS) due to differences in technological development, resource access and food safety legal frameworks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of FSMS in the fresh produce export processing sector in Kenya as a case. The risk posed by the context in which they operate was assessed. An FSMS diagnostic instrument was used to evaluate thirteen fresh produce exporting processors based on indicators and descriptive grids for context factors, control and assurance activities and food safety output. Riskiness in context was diagnosed either as low risk, moderate risk or high risk. Performance of control and assurance activities was categorized as not conducted, basic, average or advanced. Food safety output was scored as either not done, poor, moderate or good.Majority of the processors (≥7) operate at moderate level in most (74%) of the context riskiness indicators. Seven out of the 13 processors indicated that susceptibility of initial material to microbial contamination posed the highest risk with respect to product characteristics. Even though majority of the companies had advanced level core control activities performance for 6 out of 29 of the activities, there was a moderate performance in 48% of the activities and 24% control activities were not applied. Core assurance activities for majority of the companies also performed moderately in 89% of the indicators. FSMS performance was poor for 53% and good for 37% of the processors. All the processors had advanced scores for monitoring of pesticide residues but five lacked sampling and subsequent criteria for microbial analysis. The FSMS implementation for 77% of the companies was poor to moderate and, given the moderate context riskiness, this therefore resulted in moderate FSMS-output.The mostly moderate FSMS activity levels when assessed in the context riskiness lower the food safety performance of the fresh produce sector. Several recommended control and assurance activities in fresh produce sector should be improved to advanced levels in order to realize a stable and predictable safety output subject to the riskiness of context situation. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Assurance activities; Context characteristics; Control activities; Diagnostic tool; Food safety management system; Fresh produce industry	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905454621	Consumers' evaluation of volition, control, anticipated regret, and perceived food health risk. Evidence from a field experiment in a traditional vegetable market in Kenya	Lagerkvist C.J., Okello J., Karanja N.	2015	Food Control	47	None	10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.07.026	Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Economics, P.O. Box 7013, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural Technology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; International Potato Center, Uganda	Lagerkvist, C.J., Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Economics, P.O. Box 7013, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; Okello, J., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya, International Potato Center, Uganda; Karanja, N., Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural Technology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya	Food markets in developing countries encompass a wide spectrum of food health risk exposures for consumers, but little is known about how consumers make judgments and decisions in relation to these risks. This study examined the relationship between perceived food health risk, anticipated regret from adverse health outcomes, command over exposure (volition), and command over outcome (control). A field experiment was conducted with consumers of kale (Brassica oleracea) at a traditional peri-urban market in Nairobi, Kenya. The intervention introduced a sales point developed to meet high food safety standards with produce being specifically sourced and controlled for safe production, transport, and handling practices. The treatment group (n=152) received information about actions taken through the intervention to minimize risks and participants used their own money to bid to upgrade from kale sold from non-intervention sales stands. Participants in the control group (n=100) were observed after buying kale from non-intervention sales points within the same market. The results showed that consequentialist and emotion-based risk measures were related, as were volition and control for both groups, but the levels were different. Moreover, in the treatment group perceived risk was related to volition and anticipated regret, but control was only related to perceived risk. These findings have implications for food risk communication and actions to improve local conditions under which food is sold. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Anticipated regret; Consumer; Control; Food health risk; Perceived risk; Volition	None	None
None	None	Impact of local pre-harvest management practices in maize on the occurrence of Fusarium species and associated mycotoxins in two agro-ecosystems in Tanzania	Degraeve S., Madege R.R., Audenaert K., Kamala A., Ortiz J., Kimanya M., Tiisekwa B., De Meulenaer B., Haesaert G.	2015	Food Control	59	None	10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.05.028	Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, Ghent, Belgium; Faculty of Agriculture, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3005, Morogoro, Tanzania; Tanzania Food and Drugs Authority, P.O. Box 77150, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium; Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Cuenca University, Av. 12 de abril s/n Cdla. Universitaria, P.O. Box 01.01.168, Cuenca, Ecuador; School of Life Sciences and Bio Engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technologies, Tanzania	Degraeve, S., Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, Ghent, Belgium; Madege, R.R., Faculty of Agriculture, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3005, Morogoro, Tanzania; Audenaert, K., Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, Ghent, Belgium; Kamala, A., Tanzania Food and Drugs Authority, P.O. Box 77150, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium; Ortiz, J., Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Cuenca University, Av. 12 de abril s/n Cdla. Universitaria, P.O. Box 01.01.168, Cuenca, Ecuador; Kimanya, M., School of Life Sciences and Bio Engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technologies, Tanzania; Tiisekwa, B., Faculty of Agriculture, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3005, Morogoro, Tanzania; De Meulenaer, B., Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium; Haesaert, G., Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, Ghent, Belgium	Knowledge on the presence of mycotoxins in Africa is fragmentary, although it can be assumed that both concentrations and prevalence in food commodities is high. The present study focuses on the presence of Fusarium species and their associated mycotoxins in maize from two geographically distant agro ecological systems in Tanzania. In a two-year survey, both Fusarium species and concomitant mycotoxins were surveyed in the Northern highlands (Hanang district) and the Eastern lowlands (Kilosa district). Parallel with this, a questionnaire on agricultural practices in both agro-ecosystems was included in this study. This allowed us to put the presence of the toxigenic Fusarium species and their mycotoxins within a relevant agricultural framework.Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium poae were the predominant species in both locations although the population in the Eastern lowlands was slightly more complex comprising also Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium avenaceum and Fusarium sporotrichioides. The predominant presence of F.verticillioides resulted in a high prevalence of fumonisins in both regions. The importance of F.graminearum in the population was reflected by the presence of deoxynivalenol in the mycotoxin analysis. Although the agricultural practices differed significantly amongst both locations, only few significant correlations were detected between mycotoxin presence and crop rotation, storage conditions, and insect control measures. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.	Fusarium mycotoxins; Fusarium population; Maize; Production practices; Tanzania	Fusarium; Fusarium culmorum; Fusarium poae; Fusarium sporotrichioides; Gibberella avenacea; Gibberella zeae; Hexapoda; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33947158614	Targeting agricultural research based on potential impacts on poverty reduction: Strategic program priorities by agro-ecological zone in Nigeria	Alene A.D., Manyong V.M., Tollens E.F., Abele S.	2007	Food Policy	32	3	10.1016/j.foodpol.2006.07.004	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria; IITA-Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; IITA-Kampala, Uganda	Alene, A.D., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria; Manyong, V.M., IITA-Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Tollens, E.F., Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Abele, S., IITA-Kampala, Uganda	Growing concern for poverty in the face of declining agricultural research budgets has increasingly required formal priority setting of public agricultural research in developing countries to ensure that scarce research resources are allocated in ways that will have the greatest impact on the poor. This paper assessed the potential impacts of alternative commodity research programs on poverty reduction in three agro-ecological zones of Nigeria and identified strategic agricultural research priorities in the three zones. The paper discusses the poverty reduction-based priorities and their role in facilitating dialogue between research managers and policymakers aimed at sharpening the focus of agricultural research to achieve poverty reduction objectives in Nigeria. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Agricultural research; Nigeria; Poverty reduction; Priority setting	agricultural development; agricultural research; developing world; poverty alleviation; research program; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
None	None	Collective action initiatives to improve marketing performance: Lessons from farmer groups in Tanzania	Barham J., Chitemi C.	2009	Food Policy	34	1	10.1016/j.foodpol.2008.10.002	Department of Agriculture, Marketing Services Branch, Washington, DC, United States; Faida Market Link Company Limited, Arusha, Tanzania	Barham, J., Department of Agriculture, Marketing Services Branch, Washington, DC, United States; Chitemi, C., Faida Market Link Company Limited, Arusha, Tanzania	This study aims to examine the extent to which certain characteristics and asset endowments of smallholder farmer groups facilitate collective action initiatives to improve group marketing performance. This is approached through an evaluation of a government-led programme in Tanzania, which is attempting to increase smallholder farmers' incomes and food security through a market-oriented intervention. Findings suggest that more mature groups with strong internal institutions, functioning group activities, and a good asset base of natural capital are more likely to improve their market situation. Gender composition of groups also affects group marketing performance, as an enabling factor for male-dominated groups. Structural social capital in the form of membership in other groups and ties to external service providers, and cognitive social capital in the form of intra-group trust and altruistic behaviour are not significant factors in a group's ability to improve its market situation.	Agricultural marketing; Collective action; Farmer groups; Planned change initiatives; Social capital; Tanzania	collective action; farming system; food market; institutional framework; marketing; performance assessment; smallholder; social capital; state role; Africa; East Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tanzania	None
WoS	WOS:000279623000003	The impact of a food security program on household food consumption in Northwestern Ethiopia: A matching estimator approach	Abebaw, Degnet,Fentie, Yibeltal,Kassa, Belay	2010	FOOD POLICY	35	4	10.1016/j.foodpol.2010.01.002	Haramaya University, Ethiopian Econ Policy Res Inst, United Nations World Food Program	"Kassa, Belay: Haramaya University",	With the financial support from various development partners, Ethiopia has designed and implemented several programs to improve household food security. Yet, food insecurity is still a major challenge to several millions of people in the country and it is questionable whether the different food security programs implemented over the past years have been successful. Using a propensity score matching method to control for pre-intervention differences, this study examined the impact on household food calorie intake of an integrated food security program (IFSP), which had been implemented in Northwestern Ethiopia by two non-governmental organizations as a case study. The estimated results provide evidence that IFSP has a positive and statistically significant effect on food calorie intake. In particular, IFSP has raised physical food calorie intake by 30% among the beneficiary households. However, we also found that IFSP has differential impact depending on family size, landownership and gender of head of household. Overall, the paper provides evidence that supporting integrated food security programs is important to improve food security in rural areas. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	ETHIOPIA,"FOOD SECURITY","PROGRAM EVALUATION","propensity score matching",CAUSAL,DIARRHEA,"ECONOMETRIC EVALUATION ESTIMATOR",INDIA,PROPENSITY-SCORE	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953537446	Local impacts of a global crisis: Food price transmission, consumer welfare and poverty in Ghana	Cudjoe G., Breisinger C., Diao X.	2010	Food Policy	35	4	10.1016/j.foodpol.2010.01.004	Ghana Strategy Support Program (GSSP), IFPRI, Accra, Ghana; IFPRI, Washington, DC, United States	Cudjoe, G., Ghana Strategy Support Program (GSSP), IFPRI, Accra, Ghana; Breisinger, C., IFPRI, Washington, DC, United States; Diao, X., IFPRI, Washington, DC, United States	This paper takes a local perspective on global food price shocks by analyzing food price transmission between regional markets in Ghana. It also assesses the impacts of food price increases on various household groups. Taking the 2007-2008 global food crisis as an example, we show that prices for domestic grain products are highly correlated with world market prices. This is true both for products for which Ghana is highly import-dependent (e.g., rice) and the products for which Ghana is self-sufficient (e.g., maize). The econometric results also show that price transmission is high between regional producer markets and markets located in the country's largest cities, and the distance between producer and consumer markets and the size of consumer markets matter in explaining the price transmission. The welfare analysis for households as consumers shows that the effect of world food prices appears relatively modest for the country as a whole due to relatively diverse consumption patterns within country. However, the national average hides important regional differences, both between regions and within different income groups. We find that the poorest of the poor-particularly those living in the urban areas-are hardest hit by high food prices. The negative effect of the food crisis is particularly strong in northern Ghana. The main explanations for this regional variation in the price effect is the different consumption patterns and much lower per capita income levels in the North of Ghana compared to other regions in the country. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.	Food crisis; Ghana; Household welfare; Poverty; Price transmission; Threshold cointegration	cointegration analysis; econometrics; food market; food supply; household income; poverty; price dynamics; self sufficiency; threshold; welfare impact; Ghana; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953534671	Impact of off-farm income on food security and nutrition in Nigeria	Babatunde R.O., Qaim M.	2010	Food Policy	35	4	10.1016/j.foodpol.2010.01.006	University of Ilorin, Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management, PMB, 1515 Ilorin, Nigeria; Georg-August-University of Goettingen, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, 37073 Goettingen, Germany	Babatunde, R.O., University of Ilorin, Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management, PMB, 1515 Ilorin, Nigeria; Qaim, M., Georg-August-University of Goettingen, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, 37073 Goettingen, Germany	While the poverty implications of off-farm income have been analyzed in different developing countries, much less is known about the impact of off-farm income on household food security and nutrition. Here, this research gap is addressed by using farm survey data from Nigeria. Econometric analyses are employed to examine the mechanisms through which off-farm income affects household calorie and micronutrient supply, dietary quality, and child anthropometry. We find that off-farm income has a positive net effect on food security and nutrition. The prevalence of child stunting, underweight, and wasting is lower in households with off-farm income than in households without. Using a structural model, we also show that off-farm income contributes to higher food production and farm income by easing capital constraints, thus improving household welfare in multiple ways. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.	Child anthropometry; Farm households; Food security; Micronutrients; Off-farm income	developing world; diet; econometrics; food security; household income; numerical model; nutritional status; nutritive value; off-farm employment; Nigeria	None
WoS	WOS:000304290300010	Impact of modern agricultural technologies on smallholder welfare: Evidence from Tanzania and Ethiopia	Asfaw, Solomon,Lipper, Leslie,Shiferaw, Bekele,Simtowe, Franklin	2012	FOOD POLICY	37	3	10.1016/j.foodpol.2012.02.013	Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, UN	None	This paper evaluates the potential impact of adoption of improved legume technologies on rural household welfare measured by consumption expenditure in rural Ethiopia and Tanzania. The study utilizes cross-sectional farm household level data collected in 2008 from a randomly selected sample of 1313 households (700 in Ethiopia and 613 in Tanzania). The causal impact of technology adoption is estimated by utilizing endogenous switching regression. This helps us estimate the true welfare effect of technology adoption by controlling for the role of selection problem on production and adoption decisions. Our analysis reveals that adoption of improved agricultural technologies has a significant positive impact consumption expenditure (in per adult equivalent terms) in rural Ethiopia and Tanzania. This confirms the potential role of technology adoption in improving rural household welfare as higher consumption expenditure from improved technologies translate into lower poverty, higher food security and greater ability to withstand risk. An analysis of the determinants of adoption highlighted inadequate local supply of seed, access to information and perception about the new cultivars as key constraints for technology adoption. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	"endogenous switching",ETHIOPIA,"household welfare","IMPACT ASSESSMENT","SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA",Tanzania,"technology adoption",ADOPTION,ALLEVIATION,NIGERIA,PIGEONPEA,"POVERTY REDUCTION",PRODUCTIVITY,SERVICES,UGANDA	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868703048	The impact of cooperatives on agricultural technology adoption: Empirical evidence from Ethiopia	Abebaw D., Haile M.G.	2013	Food Policy	38	1	10.1016/j.foodpol.2012.10.003	Ethiopian Economics Association, Ethiopian Economic Policy Research Institute, P.O. Box 34282, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter-Flex Str. D-53113, Germany	Abebaw, D., Ethiopian Economics Association, Ethiopian Economic Policy Research Institute, P.O. Box 34282, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Haile, M.G., Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter-Flex Str. D-53113, Germany	Using cross-sectional data and a propensity score matching technique, this paper investigates the impact of cooperatives on adoption of agricultural technologies. Our analysis indicates that cooperative members are more likely to be male-headed households, have better access to agricultural extension services, possess oxen, participate in off-farm work, and have leadership experience. We also found that geographic location and age of household head are strongly associated with cooperative membership. Our estimation results show that cooperative membership has a strong positive impact on fertilizer adoption. The impact on adoption of pesticides turns out to be statistically significant when only agricultural cooperatives are considered. Further analysis also suggests that cooperative membership has a heterogeneous impact on fertilizer adoption among its members. The results suggest that cooperatives can play an important role in accelerating the adoption of agricultural technologies by smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.	Africa; Agricultural technology adoption; Cooperatives; Ethiopia; Impact evaluation	agricultural extension; agricultural technology; cooperative sector; farmers attitude; fertilizer application; smallholder; technology adoption; Ethiopia; Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871483137	Impact of water scarcity in Australia on global food security in an era of climate change	Ejaz Qureshi M., Hanjra M.A., Ward J.	2013	Food Policy	38	1	10.1016/j.foodpol.2012.11.003	CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Australia; International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Southern Africa Office, Pretoria, South Africa; Charles Sturt University, Institute for Land, Water and Society, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia; Future Directions International, Perth, WA, Australia; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Dutton Park, QLD, Australia	Ejaz Qureshi, M., CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Canberra, ACT, Australia, Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Australia; Hanjra, M.A., International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Southern Africa Office, Pretoria, South Africa, Charles Sturt University, Institute for Land, Water and Society, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia, Future Directions International, Perth, WA, Australia; Ward, J., CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Dutton Park, QLD, Australia	Australia is a major food exporting country. Recent droughts reduced dryland farming production and the volume of water allocated to irrigated agriculture, with a resulting decline in aggregate agricultural production and exports. This paper analyses the possible impact of increased water scarcity on Australian agricultural production and the magnitude of subsequent impacts on global food security. Using the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) data on land and water use coupled with a hydro-economic stochastic modelling approach, the impacts of reduced agricultural production in the southern Murray-Darling Basin, and more generally for Australia, are analysed. Changes in agricultural activity, reduction in agricultural exports and altered composition of products exported attributed to the severe 2000-2009 drought are also analysed to highlight the implications for global food security. The impact of climate change on food production is examined. The analysis shows that climate change, when modelled as the extreme case, along with other factors such as land use, will impact Australian food exports. Despite its relatively small contribution to total global food supply, Australia's contribution to international trade in wheat, meat and dairy products is substantial and could affect global food prices. Furthermore, Australia's agricultural exports are of disproportionate importance within the South- and South-East Asian and Oceania region, both in terms of volume and for strategic reasons. Adaptation along with investment in agriculture production is needed to maintain Australian agricultural production and enhance global food security. © 2012.	Australian food exports; Drought; Economic model; Global food security; Water scarcity	agricultural production; agricultural trade; climate change; commodity price; drought; economic analysis; export; food security; international trade; resource scarcity; socioeconomic impact; water resource; Australia; Murray-Darling Basin; Triticum aestivum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884135073	Impact of metal silos on households' maize storage, storage losses and food security: An application of a propensity score matching	Gitonga Z.M., De Groote H., Kassie M., Tefera T.	2013	Food Policy	43	None	10.1016/j.foodpol.2013.08.005	International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), PO Box 1041-00621, Nairobi, Kenya	Gitonga, Z.M., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), PO Box 1041-00621, Nairobi, Kenya; De Groote, H., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), PO Box 1041-00621, Nairobi, Kenya; Kassie, M., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), PO Box 1041-00621, Nairobi, Kenya; Tefera, T., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), PO Box 1041-00621, Nairobi, Kenya	Maize is the most important food staple in Eastern and Southern Africa, with a highly seasonal production but relatively constant consumption over the year. Farmers have to store maize to bridge seasons, for food security and to protect against price fluctuations. However, the traditional storage methods do not protect grain well, resulting in large postharvest losses. Hermetically sealed metal silos kill storage pests by oxygen deprivation without pesticides. Popular in Central America, they are now being promoted in Africa, but their impact here has not yet been studied. This study used propensity score matching to evaluate the impact of metal silos on duration of maize storage, loss abatement, cost of storage, and household food security. Metal silo adopters (N=116) were matched with non-adopting farmers from a representative sample of 1340 households covering the major maize-growing zones in Kenya. The major effect of the metal silos was an almost complete elimination of losses due to insect pests, saving farmers an average of 150-200. kg of grain, worth KSh9750 (US®130). Metal silo adopters also spent about KSh340 less on storage insecticides. Adopters were able to store their maize for 1.8-2.4. months longer, and to sell their surplus after five months at good prices, instead of having to sell right after the harvest. The period of inadequate food provision among adopters was reduced by more than one month. We conclude that metal silos are effective in reducing grain losses due to maize-storage insects, and that they have a large impact on the welfare and food security of farm households. The initial cost of metal silos is high (KSh20,000/1.8 ton) and therefore policies to increase access to credit, to reduce the cost of sheet metal, and to promote collective action can improve their uptake by smallholder farmers. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Food security; Loss abatement; Metal silo technology; Propensity score matching; Storage cost; Storage duration	food policy; food production; food provisioning; food security; food storage; maize; Central America; Kenya; Southern Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84885919422	Potential impacts of increasing average yields and reducing maize yield variability in Africa	Kostandini G., La Rovere R., Abdoulaye T.	2013	Food Policy	43	None	10.1016/j.foodpol.2013.09.007	Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, 221 Stuckey Building, Griffin, GA 30223-1797, United States; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; International I	Kostandini, G., Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, 221 Stuckey Building, Griffin, GA 30223-1797, United States; La Rovere, R., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Abdoulaye, T., International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kano, Nigeria	This study evaluates the potential impacts of investing in Drought Tolerant Maize (DTM) in 13 countries of East, South and West Africa. The analysis utilizes geo-referenced production data at the regional and household levels and employs a model that estimates both the conventional mean yield gains and the additional benefits from yield stability gains of DTM varieties as well as impacts on poverty. The results indicate that by 2016, adoption of DTM can generate between US$ 362. million and US$ 590. million in cumulative benefits to both producers and consumers. Yield variance reductions stand to generate considerable benefits, especially in high drought risk areas. These benefits translate into poverty reductions in the range of 0.01-4.29% by 2016. Significant benefits are also found among different types of households living in drought risk areas of Kenya, Ethiopia and Nigeria. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Africa; Drought; Maize; Poverty; Technology adoption; Yield stability	agricultural technology; crop production; crop yield; drought resistance; investment; maize; poverty alleviation; technology adoption; East Africa; South Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893739555	The impacts of hybrid maize seed on the welfare of farming households in Kenya	Mathenge M.K., Smale M., Olwande J.	2014	Food Policy	44	None	10.1016/j.foodpol.2013.09.013	Tegemeo Institute of Agricultural Policy and Development, Egerton University, P.O. Box 20498, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, 202 Agriculture Hall, 446 W. Circle Dr., East Lansing, MI 48824-1039, United States	Mathenge, M.K., Tegemeo Institute of Agricultural Policy and Development, Egerton University, P.O. Box 20498, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya; Smale, M., Department of Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, 202 Agriculture Hall, 446 W. Circle Dr., East Lansing, MI 48824-1039, United States; Olwande, J., Tegemeo Institute of Agricultural Policy and Development, Egerton University, P.O. Box 20498, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya	This paper explores the impacts of hybrid maize adoption on the welfare of farming households in Kenya. We use a four-year panel dataset to estimate the effects of hybrid seed use on four indicators of household welfare, namely, income, assets, inequality and poverty. Results show that use of hybrid seed not only contributes to higher annual income, but also to raising the value of assets, possibly reflecting longer-term welfare effects. Further, we find that use of hybrid seed reduces the depth of poverty, and that the amount planted reduces inequality. As expected, impacts differ between major and minor maize-growing areas of the country. Maize farmers who do not use hybrid seed are clearly disadvantaged. This calls for continued public and private investments in the infrastructure and policy process that supports a competitive, liberalized seed industry and improved access of smallholder farmers to well-adapted, affordable hybrids. © 2014 .	Household welfare; Input use; Kenya; Maize	crop production; household income; hybrid; maize; poverty; seed; smallholder; welfare impact; Kenya; Zea mays	None
None	None	Impact of tissue culture banana technology on farm household income and food security in Kenya	Kabunga N.S., Dubois T., Qaim M.	2014	Food Policy	45	None	10.1016/j.foodpol.2013.12.009	International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), P.O. Box 28565, Kampala, Uganda; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kampala, Uganda; Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Georg-August University of Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany; The World Vegetable Center (AVRDC), P.O. Box 10, Diluti, Arusha, Tanzania	Kabunga, N.S., International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), P.O. Box 28565, Kampala, Uganda; Dubois, T., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kampala, Uganda, The World Vegetable Center (AVRDC), P.O. Box 10, Diluti, Arusha, Tanzania; Qaim, M., Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Georg-August University of Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany	While tissue culture (TC) technology for vegetative plant propagation is gradually gaining in importance in Africa, rigorous assessment of broader welfare effects for adopting smallholder farm households is lacking. Using survey data and accounting for selection bias in technology adoption, we analyze the impact of TC banana technology on household income and food security in Kenya. To assess food security outcomes, we employ the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) - a tool that has not been used for impact assessment before. Estimates of treatment-effects models show that TC banana adoption, combined with improved crop management, causes considerable increases in farm and household income. Technology adoption also reduces relative food insecurity in a significant way. These results indicate that TC technology can be welfare enhancing for adopting farm households. Adoption should be further promoted through upscaling appropriate technology delivery systems. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Food security; Household income; Impact assessment; Technology adoption; Tissue culture	crop plant; food policy; food security; fruit; household income; smallholder; technology adoption; welfare economics; welfare impact; Kenya	None
None	None	Does a cassava research-for-development program have impact at the farm level? Evidence from the Democratic Republic of Congo	Rusike J., Mahungu N.M., Lukombo S.S., Kendenga T., Bidiaka S.M., Alene A., Lema A., Manyong V.M.	2014	Food Policy	46	None	10.1016/j.foodpol.2014.03.012	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture-Tanzania, PO Box 34441, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; IITA-Democratic Republic of Congo Avenue des Cliniques 13, Batiment INERA Commune de la GombeKinshasa, Congo; IITA, Chitedze Research Station, PO Box 30258, Lilongwe 3, Malawi; Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Kinshasa, BP117, Kinshasa 11, Congo	Rusike, J., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture-Tanzania, PO Box 34441, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Mahungu, N.M., IITA-Democratic Republic of Congo Avenue des Cliniques 13, Batiment INERA Commune de la GombeKinshasa, Congo; Lukombo, S.S., IITA-Democratic Republic of Congo Avenue des Cliniques 13, Batiment INERA Commune de la GombeKinshasa, Congo; Kendenga, T., IITA-Democratic Republic of Congo Avenue des Cliniques 13, Batiment INERA Commune de la GombeKinshasa, Congo; Bidiaka, S.M., IITA-Democratic Republic of Congo Avenue des Cliniques 13, Batiment INERA Commune de la GombeKinshasa, Congo; Alene, A., IITA, Chitedze Research Station, PO Box 30258, Lilongwe 3, Malawi; Lema, A., Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Kinshasa, BP117, Kinshasa 11, Congo; Manyong, V.M., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture-Tanzania, PO Box 34441, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	This paper evaluates the impact of a cassava research-for-development program on farm level outcomes. The program was implemented in the Democratic Republic of Congo from 2001 to 2009. We apply propensity score matching, Rosenbaum bounds on treatment effects, Altonji et al. method of selection on observables and unobservables and endogenous switching regression to farm survey data collected during the 2009 cropping season. We use these methods to test whether the R4D program has a statistically significant effect on outcomes of interest and if these are not driven by selection on unobservables. Using propensity score matching, we find statistically significant positive effects on household participation in cassava markets, adoption of improved varieties and crop management practices and household food adequacy; and no statistically significant effects on yields and profits. The results show that bias due to selection on unobservables is not severe enough to invalidate the impact estimates. Bias may still be a problem that is present in the analysis. But there is evidence that it is not substantial. Although the program does not have a statistically significant positive effect on yields and profits, the significant program effects on market participation, variety adoption, and food adequacy merit further promotion of the program since these positive outcomes tend to be pre-conditions for realizing long-term yield and profit benefits. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Agricultural research-for-development; Cassava; Democratic Republic of Congo; Selection bias; Treatment effects	agricultural research; cassava; crop yield; research and development; Democratic Republic Congo	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920108850	Integrating livestock feeds and production systems into agricultural multi-market models: The example of IMPACT	Msangi S., Enahoro D., Herrero M., Magnan N., Havlik P., Notenbaert A., Nelgen S.	2014	Food Policy	49	P2	10.1016/j.foodpol.2014.10.002	International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), 2033 K Street NW, Washington, DC, United States; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Accra, Ghana; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Brisbane, Australia; Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria; International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Nairobi, Kenya; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya	Msangi, S., International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), 2033 K Street NW, Washington, DC, United States; Enahoro, D., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Accra, Ghana; Herrero, M., Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Brisbane, Australia; Magnan, N., Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Havlik, P., International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria; Notenbaert, A., International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Nairobi, Kenya; Nelgen, S., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya	The various ways in which livestock production systems can be incorporated into economic, partial-equilibrium, multi-market models are presented, and the challenges outlined. A particular focus and illustrative case is livestock feed. Foremost among the challenges is the reconciliation of scientific understanding of livestock feed requirements and production characteristics with the available national data. Another challenge is in estimating herd structures. An economic, multi-market modeling approach is presented which has been widely used in policy analysis and advocacy, and an account is given of the necessary recent enhancements for addressing livestock. © 2014 The Authors.	Agriculture; Foresight; Livestock; Multi-market; Policy; Production; Trade	agricultural economics; economic analysis; food supplementation; livestock farming; model test; planning method; policy approach	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-5744226295	Urban consumer preferences and sensory evaluation of locally produced and imported rice in West Africa	Tomlins K.I., Manful J.T., Larwer P., Hammond L.	2005	Food Quality and Preference	16	1	10.1016/j.foodqual.2004.02.002	Natural Resources Institute, The Univ. of Greenwich at Medway, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; Food Research Institute, P.O. Box M20, Accra, Ghana	Tomlins, K.I., Natural Resources Institute, The Univ. of Greenwich at Medway, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; Manful, J.T., Food Research Institute, P.O. Box M20, Accra, Ghana; Larwer, P., Food Research Institute, P.O. Box M20, Accra, Ghana; Hammond, L., Natural Resources Institute, The Univ. of Greenwich at Medway, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom	Parboiled rice produced in Ghana is of poor quality and is being overtaken by imported rice. This study sought to investigate consumer preference and relate sensory attributes with consumer acceptability of rice. The majority of consumers preferred imported raw and parboiled rice to that produced locally. Acceptability was influenced by location and gender. Individual preferences of consumers varied and four different segments of consumers with similar liking of the rice samples were identified. The largest three segments (86% of consumers) preferred the imported rice but differed in their preferences for the local rice. A niche segment (14%) mostly preferred traditional local rice. Regression models to predict consumer preference from the sensory panel scores were based on either brown colour of the cooked rice or unshelled paddy in the uncooked form. The models were suitable for three of the consumer segments representing 86% of the consumers. This suggests that while a sensory panel could be used to rapidly monitor consumer acceptability in product development, it was not valid for all consumers. The implications of these findings are discussed. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Africa; Consumer acceptability; Ghana; Rice; Sensory evaluation	adult; Africa; aged; article; color; controlled study; female; food intake; food processing; food quality; gender; geography; human; male; monitoring; prediction; regression analysis; rice; scoring system; sensory analysis; statistical model; taste preference; urban area	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908607201	The effect of tasting sheet shape on product configurations and panellists' performance in sensory projective mapping of brandy products	Louw L., Oelofse S., Naes T., Lambrechts M., van Rensburg P., Nieuwoudt H.	2015	Food Quality and Preference	40	PA	10.1016/j.foodqual.2014.09.011	Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch), South Africa; Distell Ltd, PO Box 184, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Nofima Mat, Oslovegen 1, Ås, Norway; University of Copenhagen, Denmark	Louw, L., Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch), South Africa, Distell Ltd, PO Box 184, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Oelofse, S., Distell Ltd, PO Box 184, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Naes, T., Nofima Mat, Oslovegen 1, Ås, Norway, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Lambrechts, M., Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch), South Africa, Distell Ltd, PO Box 184, Stellenbosch, South Africa; van Rensburg, P., Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch), South Africa, Distell Ltd, PO Box 184, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Nieuwoudt, H., Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch), South Africa	Projective mapping is a rapid sensory profiling method used to obtain overviews of the sensory differentiation in product sets. Elongated projective mapping tasting sheets, i.e. rectangles, have been hypothesised to bring forth more prominent sample differences, while shapes with equal perpendicular bisectors, such as circles or squares, could reportedly be used to visualise more subtle sample differences. This hypothesis was tested in the present study using a set of eight different brandy products, in order to gain a better understanding of the practical implications of using different tasting sheet shapes for different project goals. The results showed that very similar product configurations were obtained with square, rectangular or round tasting sheets. Panellists performed better with round tasting sheets, leading to more accurate results. Square tasting sheets delivered the most different results when compared to round and square tasting sheets. The practical significance of using different tasting sheet shapes to elicit either more prominent or more subtle sample differences could not be established in the set of brandy samples used in this study. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Brandy; Panellist performance; Projective mapping; Sheet shape	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84882886276	Impact of steam pasteurization on the sensory profile and phenolic composition of rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) herbal tea infusions	Koch I.S., Muller N., de Beer D., Næs T., Joubert E.	2013	Food Research International	53	2	10.1016/j.foodres.2012.10.017	Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch) 7602, South Africa; Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; NOFIMA, Osloveien 1, 1430 Ås, Norway	Koch, I.S., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch) 7602, South Africa; Muller, N., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch) 7602, South Africa; de Beer, D., Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Næs, T., NOFIMA, Osloveien 1, 1430 Ås, Norway; Joubert, E., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch) 7602, South Africa, Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa	The effect of steam pasteurization of fermented rooibos leaves and stems on the sensory characteristics and phenolic composition of infusions was determined. The extent to which this processing step changes the sensory profile and whether compositional changes influence taste and astringency of the beverage was determined. These were achieved by examining the changes in the concentrations of soluble solids (SS), total polyphenols (TP) and 14 individual non-volatile monomeric phenolic compounds, as well as the changes in 17 aroma, flavor, taste and mouthfeel attributes of rooibos infusions. Steam pasteurization significantly reduced the SS, TP and aspalathin contents, as well as the "total color" (area under the curve: 380 to 520. nm). Neither the intensities of the taste attributes, sweetness and bitterness, nor the levels of individual phenolic compounds changed significantly, except that of aspalathin which were significantly reduced. A small but significant decrease in the astringency of rooibos infusions was observed. The intensities of most of the aroma and flavor attributes decreased significantly as a result of steam pasteurization. "Green" and "caramel" notes exhibited the largest reductions in attribute intensity. The prominent "green" flavor of unpasteurized rooibos was frequently changed to a "hay-like" flavor after steam pasteurization. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.	Aspalathin; Aspalathus linearis; Herbal tea; Rooibos; Sensory profile; Steam pasteurization	Aspalathin; Aspalathus linearis; Herbal tea; Rooibos; Sensory profiles; Flavor compounds; Odors; Pasteurization; Steam; Aspalathus; Aspalathus linearis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84952980374	Foamy polystyrene trays for fresh-meat packaging: Life-cycle inventory data collection and environmental impact assessment	Ingrao C., Lo Giudice A., Bacenetti J., Mousavi Khaneghah A., Sant'Ana A.D.S., Rana R., Siracusa V.	2015	Food Research International	76	None	10.1016/j.foodres.2015.07.028	Department of Economics, University of Foggia, Largo Papa Giovanni Paolo II, 1, Foggia, Italy; Department of Quality and Operations Management, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, APB Campus, P. O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 2, Milan, Italy; University of Campinas, Faculty of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, Catania, Italy	Ingrao, C., Department of Economics, University of Foggia, Largo Papa Giovanni Paolo II, 1, Foggia, Italy, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, Catania, Italy; Lo Giudice, A., Department of Quality and Operations Management, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, APB Campus, P. O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa; Bacenetti, J., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 2, Milan, Italy; Mousavi Khaneghah, A., University of Campinas, Faculty of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Sant'Ana, A.D.S., University of Campinas, Faculty of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Rana, R., Department of Economics, University of Foggia, Largo Papa Giovanni Paolo II, 1, Foggia, Italy; Siracusa, V., Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, Catania, Italy	Food packaging systems are designed to perform series of functions mainly aimed at containing and protecting foods during their shelf-lives. However, to perform those functions a package causes environmental impacts that affect food supply chains and that come from its life-cycle phases. Therefore, package design should be done based upon not only the issues of cost, food shelf-life and safety, as well as practicality, but also of environmental sustainability. For this purpose, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) can be applied in the packaging field with the aim of highlighting environmental hotspots and improvement potentials, thus enabling more eco-friendly products. In this context, an LCA of foamy polystyrene (PS) trays used for fresh meat packaging was performed here. The study highlighted that the highest environmental impacts come from PS-granule production and electricity consumption. In this regard, the authors underscored that there are no margins for improvement in the production of the granules and in the transport of the material inputs involved as well as of the trays to users. On the contrary, changing the energy source into a renewable one (by installing, for instance, a wind power plant) would enable a 14% damage reduction. In this way, the authors documented that alternative ways can be found for global environmental improvement of the system analysed and so for enhanced environmental sustainability of food packaging systems. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.	Environmental hotspots; Foam polystyrene; Life Cycle Assessment; Packaging system; Tray; Wind power	Ecodesign; Environmental impact; Environmental impact assessments; Environmental protection; Food safety; Food supply; Granulation; Packaging; Packaging machines; Polystyrenes; Supply chains; Sustainable development; Wind power; Electricity-consumption; Environmental improvements; Environmental sustainability; Hotspots; Life Cycle Assessment (LCA); Life cycle inventory datum; Packaging system; Tray; Life cycle	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-24944542762	Combining dendrochronology and matrix modelling in demographic studies: An evaluation for Juniperus procera in Ethiopia	Couralet C., Sass-Klaassen U., Sterck F., Bekele T., Zuidema P.A.	2005	Forest Ecology and Management	216	42372	10.1016/j.foreco.2005.05.065	Wageningen University, Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, PO Box 342, 6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands; Forestry Research Center, Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organisation, PO Box 30708, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Plant Ecology, Utrecht University, PO Box 80084, 3508 TB Utrecht, Netherlands; 94 J rue Molière, 93100 Montreuil, France	Couralet, C., Wageningen University, Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, PO Box 342, 6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands, 94 J rue Molière, 93100 Montreuil, France; Sass-Klaassen, U., Wageningen University, Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, PO Box 342, 6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands; Sterck, F., Wageningen University, Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, PO Box 342, 6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands; Bekele, T., Forestry Research Center, Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organisation, PO Box 30708, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Zuidema, P.A., Department of Plant Ecology, Utrecht University, PO Box 80084, 3508 TB Utrecht, Netherlands	Tree demography was analysed by applying dendrochronological techniques and matrix modelling on a static data set of Juniperus procera populations of Ethiopian dry highland forests. Six permanent sample plots were established for an inventory of diameters and 11 stem discs were collected for dendrochronological analysis. J. procera was proved to form concentric annual growth layers in response to seasonal changes in precipitation. Uncertainty analysis for the matrix model revealed its robustness to variations in parameter estimates. The major outcome was that the population growth rate is very sensitive to changes in growth or survival of trees between 10 and 40 cm DBH. For forest management this implies that these intermediate sized individuals should be protected and less used for harvest. This study documents that interesting results can be achieved using a relatively simple approach that can easily be adopted for other areas or with other species. However, the matrix modelling requires more precise knowledge about the trees' fecundity and survival (especially for the smaller individuals) and more consistent inventories. For tree-ring analysis it can be concluded that J. procera from Ethiopia has potential to investigate the relationship between tree growth and precipitation with a high temporal resolution. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Dendrochronology; Dry highland forest; Ethiopia; Juniperus procera; Matrix model; Population dynamics	Growth kinetics; Mathematical models; Matrix algebra; Dendrochronology; Dry highland forest; Matrix model; Population dynamics; Forestry; demography; dendrochronology; population dynamics; tree; Ethiopia; Forests; Growth; Juniperus Procera; Mathematical Models; Matrices; Africa; East Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa; World; Juniperus; Juniperus procera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34948881107	Managing the hydrological impacts of South African plantation forests: An overview	Dye P., Versfeld D.	2007	Forest Ecology and Management	251	42371	10.1016/j.foreco.2007.06.013	Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, Agrometeorology, P. Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; 42 Jordaan Street, Cape Town, 8001, South Africa	Dye, P., Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, Agrometeorology, P. Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Versfeld, D., 42 Jordaan Street, Cape Town, 8001, South Africa	South Africa is poorly endowed with natural forests, and is heavily dependent on plantations of exotic forestry species to meet its timber needs. The first forest plantations of exotic trees were established in South Africa in 1875. Since then, there has been a steady growth in the total area of forest plantation, culminating in the approximately 1.5 million hectares that are today spread over the higher-rainfall eastern and southern regions of the country. Concerns over the effects of these forest plantations on streamflows and catchment water yields arose as far back as 1915, and were thoroughly debated during the Empire Forestry Conference that took place in South Africa in 1935. A decision taken at this conference led to the establishment of a network of long-term paired catchment experiments in various catchments located in the major forestry areas of South Africa. Since the mid 1980s, these experiments have been supplemented by a wide variety of process studies, where transpiration or evapotranspiration in particular have been directly measured above forest, grassland and other vegetation types, using heat pulse and micrometeorological techniques. Information from all these studies has been used to calibrate catchment hydrological models that have provided estimates of the hydrological impacts of forest plantations in all quaternary catchments in which some degree of afforestation has taken place. Outputs from such studies have been simplified and tabulated to permit planning authorities to predict the likely hydrological impacts of afforestation in any given catchment, and to limit the spread of further afforestation in catchments where available water resources are fully or over-committed. This paper reviews the present South African forest water use situation, and in particular the attitude towards new afforestation, outlining the requirements of the National Water Act that was passed in 1998. Recent efforts to implement an integrated water resource management system that meets the requirements of this Act are described, as are the new institutional arrangements in the process of being implemented. The concept of streamflow reduction activities is presented, and the process by which the national Department of Water Affairs and Forestry currently regulates plantation forestry in the context of all forms of land and water use, is described. Additional aspects of the new system, such as the protection of an ecological reserve (to maintain aquatic systems and ensure supply for basic human needs), water pricing and trading, Compulsory Licensing and the need for equity in the allocation of water resources are highlighted, as well as some of the difficulties hindering implementation efforts. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Forest plantations; Hydrological impacts; Legislation; Licensing; South Africa	Catchments; Ecology; South Africa; Timber; Vegetation; Water resources; Forest plantations; Hydrological impacts; Forestry; afforestation; evapotranspiration; forested catchment; hydrological modeling; hydrological response; legislation; plantation; rainfall; streamflow; vegetation type; water use; water yield; Forests; Plantations; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-62049085455	Liana species richness, abundance and relationship with trees in the Bobiri forest reserve, Ghana: Impact of management systems	Addo-Fordjour P., Anning A.K., Larbi J.A., Akyeampong S.	2009	Forest Ecology and Management	257	8	10.1016/j.foreco.2009.01.051	Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana	Addo-Fordjour, P., Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Anning, A.K., Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Larbi, J.A., Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Akyeampong, S., Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana	Forest management practices which may represent various forms of disturbance regimes could influence liana species richness, abundance and relationship with their hosts. The study sought to determine the impacts of three management systems, namely, the Selection, Tropical Shelterwood and Post Exploitation Systems (SS, TSS and PES respectively) on liana species richness, abundance and relationship with trees in the Bobiri forest reserve, Ghana. Lianas with dbh ≥ 2 cm found on trees with dbh ≥ 10 cm were enumerated in 1 ha plot each in the SS, TSS and PES. All trees (dbh ≥ 10 cm) within the plots that did not carry lianas were also enumerated. A total of 640 liana individuals belonging to 27 species, 22 genera and 13 families were identified in the management systems. Griffonia simplicifolia (Vahl ex DC.) Baill., Motandra guineensis (Thonn.) A.DC. and Calycobolus africanus (G.Don) Heine were the abundant species in all the management systems. Unlike in SS, lianas in the TSS and PES were dominated by a few species. Larger diameter lianas were more abundant in the PES (32%) compared with the SS (18.3%) and the PES (13.1%). Liana diversity (H′) (species richness and abundance) was quantitatively higher in the SS (2.8) than the TSS (2.2) and the PES (2.0). The numbers of lianas carried by tree species differed significantly in the management systems (p &lt; 0.001 each). Liana infestation in the forest was high. The level of liana infestation did not reflect the extent of liana load per tree in the management systems. Larger trees carried significantly more liana individuals than smaller trees in the PES (p = 0.019, r 2 = 0.15). There was a positive significant relationship between host dbh and liana dbh in the PES (p &lt; 0.001, r 2 = 0.23) and TSS (p = 0.024, r 2 = 0.11). Tree diversity appeared to have influenced liana species richness and abundance. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Abundance; Bobiri forest; Impact; Lianas; Management systems; Relationship; Trees	Forestry; Potential energy; Potential energy surfaces; Abundance; Bobiri forest; Impact; Lianas; Management systems; Relationship; Trees; Management; abundance; diameter; ecological impact; forest management; species diversity; species richness; vine; Biodiversity; Energy; Forest Management; Forests; Ghana; Shelterwood; Trees; Africa; Ashanti; Bobiri Forest Reserve; Ghana; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Calycobolus; Griffonia; Griffonia simplicifolia; Motandra guineensis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78149466944	Impact of communal land use and conservation on woody vegetation structure in the Lowveld savannas of South Africa	Wessels K.J., Mathieu R., Erasmus B.F.N., Asner G.P., Smit I.P.J., van Aardt J.A.N., Main R., Fisher J., Marais W., Kennedy-Bowdoin T., Knapp D.E., Emerson R., Jacobson J.	2011	Forest Ecology and Management	261	1	10.1016/j.foreco.2010.09.012	Remote Sensing Research Unit, CSIR-Meraka Institute, Pretoria, South Africa; Ecosystem, Earth Observation, CSIR-Natural Resource and Environment, Pretoria, South Africa; School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institute of Science, CA, United States; Kruger National Park Scientific Services, Skukuza, South Africa; Centre for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States	Wessels, K.J., Remote Sensing Research Unit, CSIR-Meraka Institute, Pretoria, South Africa; Mathieu, R., Ecosystem, Earth Observation, CSIR-Natural Resource and Environment, Pretoria, South Africa; Erasmus, B.F.N., School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Asner, G.P., Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institute of Science, CA, United States; Smit, I.P.J., Kruger National Park Scientific Services, Skukuza, South Africa; van Aardt, J.A.N., Centre for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States; Main, R., Ecosystem, Earth Observation, CSIR-Natural Resource and Environment, Pretoria, South Africa; Fisher, J., Ecosystem, Earth Observation, CSIR-Natural Resource and Environment, Pretoria, South Africa, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marais, W., Remote Sensing Research Unit, CSIR-Meraka Institute, Pretoria, South Africa; Kennedy-Bowdoin, T., Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institute of Science, CA, United States; Knapp, D.E., Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institute of Science, CA, United States; Emerson, R., Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institute of Science, CA, United States; Jacobson, J., Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institute of Science, CA, United States	Millions of people rely on savannas for ecosystem services, such as the provision of grazing and fuel wood, so it is important to determine the extent to which utilization affects woody vegetation resources. Using airborne LiDAR from the Carnegie Airborne Observatory (CAO), we quantified and compared tree canopy cover and height distributions between areas of contrasting management in the Lowveld savanna region of South Africa - a region connecting communal landscapes with heavy utilization (especially fuel wood harvesting) to fully protected public (Kruger National Park - KNP) and private reserves (SabiSand Game Reserve - SSGR) that conserve biodiversity. Differences in total woody vegetation cover and cover within functional height classes (1-2. m, 2-3. m, 3-5. m, 5-7. m and >7. m) were investigated between 7 sites located within (i) conservation areas (in KNP, SSGR), (ii) communal rangelands or (iii) cultivated fields in communal areas. The impact of human utilization on wood resources in the communal areas varied widely between sites. Heavy utilization on gabbro substrate greatly reduced total woody cover of the rangelands, while two other communal rangelands that were presumably less intensively utilised had double the total woody cover of conservation areas. Rangelands and fields in most of the communal sites had more vegetation cover in the 5-7. m and >7. m classes than most of the conservation sites, presumably due to the absence of elephants in communal rangelands and the active preservation of large fruiting trees. On granite substrates, which account for the majority of the study area, there was a 50% reduction in woody cover below 5. m in communal rangelands. Although large trees were clearly being conserved in communal rangelands and fields, there was a relatively low cover of vegetation below 5. m, which raise doubts about recruitment and long-term sustainability of the tree resources. These results in conjunction with other studies based on the CAO LiDAR data for experimental burn plots and large mammal exclosures in KNP, suggest that communal land use on granite substrates have a higher impact on the woody cover below 5. m than both elephants and fire. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.	Communal land use; Fuel wood; Kruger National Park; LiDAR; Savanna; Woody vegetation structure	Communal land use; Fuel wood; LiDAR; National parks; Savanna; Woody vegetation; Biodiversity; Ecosystems; Fuels; Granite; Land use; Number theory; Optical radar; Parks; Substrates; Wood; Vegetation; airborne survey; biodiversity; canopy; ecosystem service; elephant; fuelwood; grazing; height; land use; lidar; observatory; rangeland; savanna; substrate; sustainability; vegetation cover; vegetation structure; veld; Biodiversity; Ecosystems; Forests; Fuels; Granite; Land Use; Plantations; Radar; Wood; Kruger National Park; South Africa; Elephantidae; Mammalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857031430	The impacts of selective logging on non-timber forest products of livelihood importance	Rist L., Shanley P., Sunderland T., Sheil D., Ndoye O., Liswanti N., Tieguhong J.	2012	Forest Ecology and Management	268	None	10.1016/j.foreco.2011.04.037	Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden; Woods and Wayside International, Princeton, NJ, United States; Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia; Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation, Kibale, Uganda; Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO), Yaounde, Cameroon; Technical Training and Research Centre for Development, Yaounde, Cameroon	Rist, L., Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden; Shanley, P., Woods and Wayside International, Princeton, NJ, United States, Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia; Sunderland, T., Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia; Sheil, D., Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia, Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation, Kibale, Uganda; Ndoye, O., Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO), Yaounde, Cameroon; Liswanti, N., Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia; Tieguhong, J., Technical Training and Research Centre for Development, Yaounde, Cameroon	The potential for combining timber and non-timber forest product extraction has been examined in the context of diversified forest management. Many tropical forests are exploited both commercially for timber and by forest-dependent communities for non-timber forest products (NTFPs). Divergences between these two uses may have significant implications for forest-dependent livelihoods. This article gathers existing examples of conflicts and complementarities between selective logging and non-timber uses of forest from the livelihood perspective. Additionally it draws on three case studies from Brazil, Cameroon and Indonesia to examine by what mechanisms, and to what extent, logging impacts forest resources of livelihood importance, as well as to consider how factors such as logging regime and forest management system may mediate such influences. By doing so we aim to shed further light on a relatively unacknowledged issue in tropical forest management and conservation.Four specific mechanisms were identified; conflict of use and the indirect impacts of logging being those most commonly implicated in negative effects on livelihood-relevant NTFPs. Eighty two percent of reviewed articles highlighted negative impacts on NTFP availability. Examples of positive impacts were restricted to light demanding species that respond to the opening of forest structure and typically represent a small subset of those of livelihood value. Despite considerable impacts on livelihoods, in all three case studies we found evidence to support the potential for enhanced compatibility between timber extraction and the subsistence use of NTFPs. Drawing on this evidence, and findings from our review, we make specific recommendations for research, policy and management implementation. These findings have significant implications for reconciling timber and non-timber uses of tropical forests. © 2012 Elsevier B.V..	Livelihood; Multiple-use; NTFP; Reduced impact logging; Sustainable forest management; Timber	Livelihood; Multiple use; NTFP; Reduced-impact logging; Sustainable forest management; Research; Timber; Logging (forestry); community forestry; forest management; forest resource; forestry policy; indigenous population; literature review; nontimber forest product; selective logging; subsistence; sustainable forestry; tropical forest; Conservation; Forest Management; Forest Products; Logging; Brazil; Cameroon; Indonesia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881291818	Human impacts on forest structure and species richness on the edges of a protected mountain forest in Uganda	Sassen M., Sheil D.	2013	Forest Ecology and Management	307	None	10.1016/j.foreco.2013.07.010	Wageningen University, Po Box 430, 6700AK Wageningen, Netherlands; School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Po Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation (ITFC), Po Box 44, Kabale, SW, Uganda; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Po Box 0113, BOCBD, Bogor 16000, Indonesia	Sassen, M., Wageningen University, Po Box 430, 6700AK Wageningen, Netherlands; Sheil, D., School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Po Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia, Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation (ITFC), Po Box 44, Kabale, SW, Uganda, Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Po Box 0113, BOCBD, Bogor 16000, Indonesia	We investigated how local scale variation in human impacts influenced forest structure and tree species richness within Mt Elgon National Park, Uganda. We assessed basal area (BA), stem density, diameter at breast height (dbh) and indicators of human activity in 343 plots in four study sites, on transects running inwards from the boundary of the park. Mt Elgon hosts the only remaining natural forest in a densely populated region (150-1000p/km2). All study sites suffered past encroachment for agriculture and were in various stages of recovery or renewed-clearing at the time of the study. Areas recovering from encroachment had lower mean BA (BA=3-11m2/ha), dbh and often also lower stem densities than forest that had never been cleared (BA=21-43m2/ha), even 35years after abandonment and with restoration planting. Human impacts were found beyond 2km into the park. Although most activities decreased with distance inside the boundary, their prevalence varied among sites. High coefficients of variation in BA (Cv=0.8-1.1) and stem density (Cv=1.0-2.2) within sites, together with the evidence of sustained human activities, suggest that forest use histories strongly influenced local forest structure. Mean BA increased with distance inside the boundary in all sites, but stem densities reflected more complex patterns. Large trees (dbh≥20cm) were most affected by former clearing for agriculture. The collection of stems used as crop-supports reduced regeneration and the density of smaller stems at one site. In another site, charcoal making was associated with the smallest mean BA and marked variability in forest structure. Grazed forest consisted of large trees with very little regeneration. On forest margins in two sites grazing, generally together with fire and tree-cutting, had eroded the forest edge and prevented regeneration. Human impacts as well as natural gradients had major impacts on species richness patterns. Several areas in intermediate states of disturbance showed higher tree species richness than either old-growth forest or more severely degraded areas. This study illustrates the fine scale variation due to local impacts within one forest. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Conservation; East Africa; Forest structure; Human disturbance; Tree diversity; Tropical forest	East Africa; Forest structure; Human disturbances; Tree diversity; Tropical forest; Agriculture; Charcoal; Conservation; Reforestation; anthropogenic effect; basal area; clearcutting; disturbance; forest edge; grazing; human activity; montane forest; old-growth forest; population density; regeneration; restoration ecology; species diversity; species richness; transect; tropical forest; Agriculture; Charcoal; Conservation; Reforestation; Mount Elgon National Park; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893978591	Forest monitoring and social media - Complementary data sources for ecosystem surveillance?	Daume S., Albert M., von Gadow K.	2014	Forest Ecology and Management	316	None	10.1016/j.foreco.2013.09.004	Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Büsgenweg 5, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden; Northwest German Forest Research Institute, Grätzelstraße 2, 37079 Göttingen, Germany; Dept. of Forest and Wood Science, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	Daume, S., Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Büsgenweg 5, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden; Albert, M., Northwest German Forest Research Institute, Grätzelstraße 2, 37079 Göttingen, Germany; von Gadow, K., Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Büsgenweg 5, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, Dept. of Forest and Wood Science, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	Forest monitoring captures human impacts and other biotic and abiotic influences on forests and is a pre-requisite for the sustainable use and protection of forest ecosystems. Forest inventories for example are a key tool to plan sustainable harvesting, whereas Forest Observational Studies provide the empirical basis for an improved understanding and long-term evaluation of forest ecosystem dynamics. To that end detailed data is collected at stand level, often integrated in larger forest observational networks, which feeds into forest ecosystem models. Forests exist however in a constantly changing societal context and the direct or indirect impact of human activity has become a crucial driver on all types of ecosystems. The Millenium Ecosystem Assessment underlines the linkage between social and ecological systems, highlighting the centrality of ecosystem services to human well-being and the requirement for ecosystem monitoring in the anthropocene to provide a holistic view of ecosystems as social-ecological systems. Framing information about the social context of a forest ecosystem, gaining the expertise and providing resources to collect this type of information is usually outside the scope of data collection for forest inventories and monitoring. Studies in other domains faced a similar challenge and turned to data mining informal online information sources to supplement traditional monitoring and data collection strategies. This paper explores how forest monitoring approaches especially Forest Observational Studies with their long-term and large-scale focus may be complemented by social media mining. We outline (a) how social media mining methods from other domains could be applied to forest monitoring, (b) discuss identification of stakeholders, events and demands on forest ecosystems as examples of social contextual information that could be obtained via this route and (c) explain how this information could be automatically mined from social media, online news and other similar online information sources. The proposed approach is discussed on the basis of examples from a broad set of other domains. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Anthropocene; Forest ecosystem services; Forest monitoring; Forest observational studies; Social media mining; Societal context	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888134062	Pervasive, long-lasting impact of historical logging on composition, diversity and above ground carbon stocks in Afrotemperate forest	Adie H., Rushworth I., Lawes M.J.	2013	Forest Ecology and Management	310	None	10.1016/j.foreco.2013.09.037	School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Ecological Advice Division, Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, PO Box 13053, Cascades 3202, South Africa; Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia	Adie, H., School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Rushworth, I., Ecological Advice Division, Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, PO Box 13053, Cascades 3202, South Africa; Lawes, M.J., Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia	Understanding the rate and extent of forest recovery from major disturbance events enable forest managers to establish conservation priorities and allocate limited resources for their management. We examined the extent to which Afrotemperate forest has recovered from widespread, stand-levelling logging that followed the European settlement of south eastern South Africa approximately 150years ago. We used plot-based tree census data to compare ecological characteristics (diversity, composition, structure) of primary, secondary and degraded Afrotemperate forests. Forests impacted by colonial logging events show no evidence of converging on the composition and above ground standing stock of old-growth forests. Primary forest canopies were dominated by two conifer species (Podocarpaceae) and a suite of long-lived pioneer angiosperms dominated the canopies of secondary forests. Old-growth canopy trees (≥20cmdbh) were taller (~26m vs ~16m) and had broader girths (~94cm vs ~54cm) compared with those in secondary forest. Canopy tree size differences translated to considerable (2 to 3-fold) differences in above ground carbon: we estimated that primary forest stores &gt;240MgCha-1 compared with the range of 80.7-114.3MgCha-1 estimated for the two secondary forests and 84.3MgCha-1 for the degraded forest. Measures of rarefied species richness and diversity (Shannon exponential) were markedly lower for primary forest canopy trees, consistent with the proposition that the composition of Afrotemperate forests converges on podocarp dominance at the old-growth stage. In contrast, diversity measures for small (2.5-10.0cmdbh) and medium (10.1-19.9cmdbh) trees were noticeably higher in secondary and degraded forests indicating the considerable conservation value of these formerly disturbed forests. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Above ground biomass; Degradation; Forest recovery; Podocarpaceae; Primary forest; Secondary forest	Above ground biomass; Forest recovery; Podocarpaceae; Primary forest; Secondary forests; Carbon; Conservation; Degradation; Population statistics; Recovery; Secondary recovery; Forestry; aboveground biomass; community composition; coniferous tree; environmental degradation; forest canopy; forest management; logging (timber); old-growth forest; secondary forest; species diversity; temperate forest; Biomass; Carbon; Conservation; Degradation; Forestry; Coniferophyta; Magnoliophyta; Podocarpaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84945492640	Fuelwood collection and its impacts on a protected tropical mountain forest in Uganda	Sassen M., Sheil D., Giller K.E.	2015	Forest Ecology and Management	354	None	10.1016/j.foreco.2015.06.037	Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, Wageningen, Netherlands; UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway; School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, Australia; Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation (ITFC), PO Box 44, Kabale, Uganda; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), PO Box 0113 BOCBD, Bogor, Indonesia	Sassen, M., Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, Wageningen, Netherlands, UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Sheil, D., Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, Australia, Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation (ITFC), PO Box 44, Kabale, Uganda, Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), PO Box 0113 BOCBD, Bogor, Indonesia; Giller, K.E., Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, Wageningen, Netherlands	Local communities who live close to protected tropical forests often depend on them for woodfuel, their main source of energy. The impacts of fuelwood extraction in humid forests are rarely studied, yet the extraction of wood for fuel can impact forest structure, function and biodiversity. We assessed the effects of fuelwood collection on the forest of Mt Elgon National Park (Uganda). We interviewed 192 households about fuelwood use and surveyed dead wood in 81 plots inside the park. Forest was the most important source of fuelwood. People collected on average between 1.1 and 2.0m3 of fuelwood per capita per year. Other activities involving wood fuel extraction from the forest included illegal commercial fuelwood harvesting and charcoal making. Quantities of dead wood were affected by fuelwood collection up to at least 1000m inside the boundary of the park. Depletion of dead wood inside the park was greater in the sites where the population was most dense. Nevertheless, people who planted more trees on their own land perceived land outside the park to be important and valued old growth forest less as a source of fuelwood. Highly-preferred tree species were most depleted, particularly when they were also valued timber trees, such as Prunus africana, Popocarpus milianjianus, Allophylus abyssinicus and Olea spp. Locally dominant species were less affected. Impacts varied among sites depending on the history of agricultural encroachment and locally-specific forest uses, e.g. harvesting of trees for poles or use of the forest land for grazing. Allowing the collection of dead wood in forests is double-edged as it creates opportunities for other activities that are more damaging. Demand for wood fuel from tropical forests is still likely to grow in the foreseeable future. Our results indicate that the forest may become more degraded as a result, with negative consequences for the people who depend on the forest and for conservation. Research into local ecological and cultural contexts and perceptions concerning costs and benefits can help devise more sustainable management options, including alternative sources of fuel. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Forest conservation; Fuelwood; Human impacts; Mt Elgon; Tree species; Uganda	Biodiversity; Charcoal; Conservation; Extraction; Fuels; Tropics; Wood; Wood fuels; Wood products; Forest conservation; Fuelwood; Human impact; Mt Elgon; Tree species; Uganda; Forestry; anthropogenic effect; biodiversity; charcoal; conservation management; cost-benefit analysis; energy resource; forest management; fuelwood; montane forest; questionnaire survey; sustainability; tropical forest; Mount Elgon National Park; Uganda; Allophylus; Prunus africana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919463088	The influence of livelihood dependency, local ecological knowledge and market proximity on the ecological impacts of harvesting non-timber forest products	Steele M.Z., Shackleton C.M., Uma Shaanker R., Ganeshaiah K.N., Radloff S.	2015	Forest Policy and Economics	50	None	10.1016/j.forpol.2014.07.011	Dept. of Environmental Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Bangalore, India; Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK Campus, Bangalore, India; Dept. of Statistics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	Steele, M.Z., Dept. of Environmental Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Shackleton, C.M., Dept. of Environmental Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Uma Shaanker, R., Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Bangalore, India, Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK Campus, Bangalore, India; Ganeshaiah, K.N., Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Bangalore, India, Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK Campus, Bangalore, India; Radloff, S., Dept. of Statistics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	It is well established that non-timber forest products make significant contributions to rural incomes throughout most of the developing world. NTFP use frequently raises concerns about the sustainability of, or ecological impacts associated with, NTFP harvesting, as well as local contextual factors which may limit or reduce the impacts. Here we test the conceptual model first advanced by Uma Shaanker et al. (2004) relating to the factors that may limit or exacerbate the ecological impacts associated with NTFP harvesting. These were the extent of local dependence on NTFPs, the degree of marketing and the level of local ecological knowledge. Data were collected via household questionnaires and ecological surveys of woody plants from eight villages throughout South Africa. We found no significant relationships between measures of ecological impact with local ecological knowledge or market proximity and engagement. There was a strong positive relationship between ecological impacts and NTFP dependency as indexed through mean annual direct-use value for NTFPs. This indicates that the higher the dependency and demand for NTFPs, the greater is the possibility of high impacts to the local environment. However, other contextual drivers not included in the original Uma Shaanker et al. (2004) model may also play a role, particularly the strength of local resource governance institutions. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Communal; Direct-use value; Governance; Management; Open access; South Africa	Commerce; Developing countries; Forestry; Harvesting; Management; Surveys; Sustainable development; Timber; Communal; Direct-use value; Governance; Open Access; South Africa; Ecology; Forest Management; Forests; Incomes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-69549121611	The evaluation of age-related histomorphometric variables in a cadaver sample of lower socioeconomic status: implications for estimating age at death	Keough N., L'Abbé E.N., Steyn M.	2009	Forensic Science International	191	42372	10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.07.012	Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	Keough, N., Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; L'Abbé, E.N., Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Steyn, M., Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	Estimating age at death from adult skeletal remains is a daunting task for human osteologists. For this reason, the evaluation of micro-structural changes in bone with advancing age has become a popular method. However, factors such as nutrition, chronic disease, population group and sex have been suggested to influence the rate of bone turnover, and thus the use of histological methods in providing an accurate age at death has been questioned. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and repeatability of 10 histomorphometric traits used to estimate age. The sample comprised of 146 dissection room cadavers of known sex, age and ancestry (105 males and 41 females). A 0.2 cm × 1.0 cm sample was removed from the anterior surface of the mid-shaft of the femur (opposite the linea aspera), and slides were prepared according to standard methodology. The total osteon count (r = 0.50), the percentage unremodelled bone (r = -0.50), the total number of non-Haversian canals (r = -0.50) and the average percentage of fragmental bone (r = 0.55) had moderate correlations with age, while the total number of measurable osteons (r = 0.43), the total number of osteonal fragments (r = 0.40), the percentage of fragmentary bone (r = 0.37) the average number of lamellae per osteon (r = 0.29), the minimum diameter of the Haversian canals (r = 0.14) and resorption spaces (r = 0.11) had little to no relationship with age. Despite poor correlations with age, eight variables were shown to be highly repeatable (r = 0.74-0.93). Moderate to low correlations with age may be attributed to these variables not being related to age in a progressive and predictable fashion, activity patterns or possible chronic disease in the sample. A databank needs to be compiled from larger samples from various populations in order to more holistically assess the relationship between these variables and age as well as other mitigating factors such as disease, nutrition and population group. © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Anterior mid-shaft of the femur; Bone histology; Bone remodelling; Forensic anthropology; Haversian systems; Osteons	adult; age determination; aged; article; bone remodeling; bone structure; cadaver; female; femur shaft; histology; human; human tissue; male; osteometry; priority journal; socioeconomics; time of death; Adult; African Continental Ancestry Group; Age Determination by Skeleton; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bone Remodeling; Cadaver; Female; Femur; Forensic Anthropology; Haversian System; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Middle Aged; Social Class; South Africa; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349478741	Fragmentary femora: Evaluation of the accuracy of the direct and indirect methods in stature reconstruction	Bidmos M.A.	2009	Forensic Science International	192	42372	10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.08.019	School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193 Johannesburg, Guateng, South Africa	Bidmos, M.A., School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193 Johannesburg, Guateng, South Africa	Selected measurements of the femur have been used in the derivation of regression equations for stature estimation in several populations. Various studies have indicated that stature can be estimated from fragmentary bones by either the direct or the indirect method. The direct method allows for the estimation of stature directly from individual or combination of measurements of fragments of the femur. However, the indirect method consists of two steps. An initial step which involves the estimation of maximum length of the femur from measurements of its fragments is followed by stature estimation from the estimated maximum length of the femur. While Steele noted that the indirect method provides a relatively more precise estimate of stature, none of the subsequent studies on stature reconstruction has addressed the issue of accuracy of the two methods. The current study utilized 120 complete skeletons obtained from the Raymond A. Dart Collection of Human Skeletons. Total skeletal height for each of the skeletons (TSHFully) was calculated using the Fully's method. Measurements of fragments of the femur acquired from the current study were substituted into each of the previously derived equations for Indigenous South Africans (ISA) and South Africans of European Descent (SAED) in order to obtain an estimate of the skeletal height (TSHEst). Analyses were carried out separately for each group. An assessment of the differences between the estimated skeletal height (TSHEst) and the obtained skeletal height using the Fully's method (TSHFully) was performed using the paired t test. While no significant difference was observed between TSHFully and TSHEst for all equations (except one) used in the direct estimation of skeletal height, a number of indirect equations significantly overestimated TSHFully. These observations indicate that the direct method is more accurate than the indirect method. Since it is also less complicated, it is therefore the preferred of the two methods contrary to earlier recommendation made by Steele. © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Accuracy; Anthropology; Forensic anthropology population data; Forensic science; Fragmentary femur; Stature	accuracy; African American; article; body height; controlled study; female; femur; forensic science; human; human tissue; intermethod comparison; male; mathematical analysis; osteometry; physical anthropology; priority journal; South Africa; Body Height; Female; Femur; Forensic Anthropology; Humans; Male; Regression Analysis; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865656756	Nasal aperture shape evaluation between black and white South Africans	McDowell J.L., L'Abbé E.N., Kenyhercz M.W.	2012	Forensic Science International	222	42372	10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.06.007	Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x 323, Arcadia 0007, South Africa; Department of Anthropology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775, United States	McDowell, J.L., Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x 323, Arcadia 0007, South Africa; L'Abbé, E.N., Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x 323, Arcadia 0007, South Africa; Kenyhercz, M.W., Department of Anthropology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775, United States	The purpose of this study was to combine morphoscopic and metric analyses to assess variation in nasal aperture size and shape of black and white South Africans. Thirteen landmarks were digitized from the bony nasal region of 152 crania using an electromechanic instrument for geometric morphometric (general procrustes analysis) and craniometric analyses. Elliptical Fourier analysis was used to assess shape of the nasal aperture via outlines applied through photographs. Both principal component and discriminant function analyses were applied to these statistical methods. Black South Africans were classified 95-96% correctly and white South Africans were classified 91-94% correctly. In a four-way analysis of sex and ancestry, classification accuracy ranged from 56 to 70%. Most misclassifications were between the sexes within each group which suggests an absence of sexual dimorphism. This study found that there is quantifiable variation in shape of the nasal aperture between black and white South African groups using all three statistical methods. In forensic application, standard craniometrics can be used to accurately classify an unknown person. © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.	Ancestry; Craniometrics; Elliptical Fourier analysis; Forensic anthropology; Forensic Anthropology Population Data; Geometric morphometrics; Population specific	anatomic landmark; article; controlled study; craniometry; ethnicity; female; forensic science; human; human experiment; male; morphology; nasal aperture; nose; physical anthropology; plesiomorphy; principal component analysis; priority journal; race difference; sex difference; South Africa; African Continental Ancestry Group; Cephalometry; European Continental Ancestry Group; Female; Forensic Anthropology; Fourier Analysis; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Male; Nasal Cavity; Principal Component Analysis; Sex Characteristics; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84954197010	Study on the performance of different craniofacial superimposition approaches (I)	Ibáñez O., Vicente R., Navega D.S., Wilkinson C., Jayaprakash P.T., Huete M.I., Briers T., Hardiman R., Navarro F., Ruiz E., Cavalli F., Imaizumi K., Jankauskas R., Veselovskaya E., Abramov A., Lestón P., Molinero F., Cardoso J., Çağdir A.S., Humpire D.,	2015	Forensic Science International	257	None	10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.05.030	European Centre for Soft Computing, Mieres, Spain; Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Forensic Sciences Centre (CENCIFOR), Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Science Program, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia; Physical Anthropology Laboratory, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; South Africa Police Service, Pretoria, South Africa; Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Legal Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain; Research Unit of Paleoradiology and Allied Sciences, Ospedali Riuniti di Trieste, Trieste, Italy; National Research lnstitute of Police Science, Japan; Department of Anatomy, Histology and Anthropology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania; Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russian Federation; Main Department of Criminalistics Investigation Committee of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation; Department of Identification - Criminalist Services, Civil Guard, Madrid, Spain; Crime scene investigation section, Forensic Laboratory, Portuguese Criminal Police, Lisbon, Portugal; Council of forensic medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; Public Ministry, Lima, Peru; Department of Sociology and Anthropology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, United States; Laboratorio di Antropología e Odontologia Forense, University of Milan, Milan, Italy	Ibáñez, O., European Centre for Soft Computing, Mieres, Spain, Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Vicente, R., Forensic Sciences Centre (CENCIFOR), Coimbra, Portugal, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Navega, D.S., Forensic Sciences Centre (CENCIFOR), Coimbra, Portugal, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Wilkinson, C., Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Jayaprakash, P.T., Science Program, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia; Huete, M.I., Physical Anthropology Laboratory, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Briers, T., South Africa Police Service, Pretoria, South Africa; Hardiman, R., Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Navarro, F., Physical Anthropology Laboratory, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Ruiz, E., Legal Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain; Cavalli, F., Research Unit of Paleoradiology and Allied Sciences, Ospedali Riuniti di Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Imaizumi, K., National Research lnstitute of Police Science, Japan; Jankauskas, R., Department of Anatomy, Histology and Anthropology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania; Veselovskaya, E., Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russian Federation; Abramov, A., Main Department of Criminalistics Investigation Committee of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation; Lestón, P., Department of Identification - Criminalist Services, Civil Guard, Madrid, Spain; Molinero, F., Department of Identification - Criminalist Services, Civil Guard, Madrid, Spain; Cardoso, J., Crime scene investigation section, Forensic Laboratory, Portuguese Criminal Police, Lisbon, Portugal; Çağdir, A.S., Council of forensic medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; Humpire, D., Public Ministry, Lima, Peru; Nakanishi, Y., Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Zeuner, A., Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Ross, A.H., Department of Sociology and Anthropology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, United States; Gaudio, D., Laboratorio di Antropología e Odontologia Forense, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Damas, S., European Centre for Soft Computing, Mieres, Spain	As part of the scientific tasks coordinated throughout The 'New Methodologies and Protocols of Forensic Identification by Craniofacial Superimposition (MEPROCS)' project, the current study aims to analyse the performance of a diverse set of CFS methodologies and the corresponding technical approaches when dealing with a common dataset of real-world cases. Thus, a multiple-lab study on craniofacial superimposition has been carried out for the first time. In particular, 26 participants from 17 different institutions in 13 countries were asked to deal with 14 identification scenarios, some of them involving the comparison of multiple candidates and unknown skulls. In total, 60 craniofacial superimposition problems divided in two set of females and males. Each participant follow her/his own methodology and employed her/his particular technological means. For each single case they were asked to report the final identification decision (either positive or negative) along with the rationale supporting the decision and at least one image illustrating the overlay/superimposition outcome. This study is expected to provide important insights to better understand the most convenient characteristics of every method included in this study. © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.	Craniofacial identification; Craniofacial superimposition; Forensic anthropology; MEPROCS	anthropometry; Article; computer aided design; controlled study; craniofacial superimposition technique; face; female; forensic identification; human; male; morphology; photography; physical anthropology; priority journal; reliability; skull	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84954197672	Study on the performance of different craniofacial superimposition approaches (II): Best practices proposal	Damas S., Wilkinson C., Kahana T., Veselovskaya E., Abramov A., Jankauskas R., Jayaprakash P.T., Ruiz E., Navarro F., Huete M.I., Cunha E., Cavalli F., Clement J., Lestón P., Molinero F., Briers T., Viegas F., Imaizumi K., Humpire D., Ibáñez O.	2015	Forensic Science International	257	None	10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.07.045	European Centre for Soft Computing, Mieres, Spain; Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification, University of Dundee, United Kingdom; Division of Identification and Forensic Sciences, Israel National Police, Jerusalem, Israel; Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russian Federation; Main Department of Criminalistics Investigation Committee of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation; Department of Anatomy, Histology and Anthropology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania; Science Program, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia; Legal Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain; Physical Anthropology Laboratory, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Forensic Sciences Centre (CENCIFOR), Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Research Unit of Paleoradiology and Allied Sciences, Ospedali Riuniti di Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Identification - Criminalist Services, Civil Guard, Madrid, Spain; South Africa Police Service, Pretoria, South Africa; Crime Scene Investigation Section, Forensic Laboratory, Portuguese Criminal Police, Lisbon, Portugal; National Research Institute of Police Science, Japan; Public Ministry, Lima, Peru; Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Granada, Granada, Spain	Damas, S., European Centre for Soft Computing, Mieres, Spain; Wilkinson, C., Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification, University of Dundee, United Kingdom; Kahana, T., Division of Identification and Forensic Sciences, Israel National Police, Jerusalem, Israel; Veselovskaya, E., Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russian Federation; Abramov, A., Main Department of Criminalistics Investigation Committee of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation; Jankauskas, R., Department of Anatomy, Histology and Anthropology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania; Jayaprakash, P.T., Science Program, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia; Ruiz, E., Legal Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain; Navarro, F., Physical Anthropology Laboratory, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Huete, M.I., Physical Anthropology Laboratory, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Cunha, E., Forensic Sciences Centre (CENCIFOR), Coimbra, Portugal, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Cavalli, F., Research Unit of Paleoradiology and Allied Sciences, Ospedali Riuniti di Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Clement, J., Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Lestón, P., Department of Identification - Criminalist Services, Civil Guard, Madrid, Spain; Molinero, F., Department of Identification - Criminalist Services, Civil Guard, Madrid, Spain; Briers, T., South Africa Police Service, Pretoria, South Africa; Viegas, F., Crime Scene Investigation Section, Forensic Laboratory, Portuguese Criminal Police, Lisbon, Portugal; Imaizumi, K., National Research Institute of Police Science, Japan; Humpire, D., Public Ministry, Lima, Peru; Ibáñez, O., European Centre for Soft Computing, Mieres, Spain, Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Granada, Granada, Spain	Craniofacial superimposition, although existing for one century, is still a controversial technique within the scientific community. Objective and unbiased validation studies over a significant number of cases are required to establish a more solid picture on the reliability. However, there is lack of protocols and standards in the application of the technique leading to contradictory information concerning reliability. Instead of following a uniform methodology, every expert tends to apply his own approach to the problem, based on the available technology and deep knowledge on human craniofacial anatomy, soft tissues, and their relationships. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of different craniofacial superimposition methodologies and the corresponding technical approaches to this type of identification. With all the data generated, some of the most representative experts in craniofacial identification joined in a discussion intended to identify and agree on the most important issues that have to be considered to properly employ the craniofacial superimposition technique. As a consequence, the consortium has produced the current manuscript, which can be considered the first standard in the field; including good and bad practices, sources of error and uncertainties, technological requirements and desirable features, and finally a common scale for the craniofacial matching evaluation. Such a document is intended to be part of a more complete framework for craniofacial superimposition, to be developed during the FP7-founded project MEPROCS, which will favour and standardize its proper application. © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.	Craniofacial identification; Craniofacial superimposition; Forensic anthropology; Forensic anthropology population data; MEPROCS	adult; anatomic landmark; Article; cameras and films; computer assisted tomography; computer program; craniofacial morphology; face profile; female; good clinical practice; human; illumination; male; mandible; measurement error; measurement precision; methodology; performance measurement system; practice guideline; priority journal; skull; tape recorder; uncertainty	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897371726	Comparative evaluation of haemagglutination potential of haemolymph from two species of giant African land snails (Archachatina marginata and Achatina achatina)	Abiona J.A., Akinduti P.A., Oyekunle M.A., Osinowo O.A., Onagbesan A.O.M.	2014	Fish and Shellfish Immunology	38	1	10.1016/j.fsi.2014.02.014	Department of Animal Physiology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Abiona, J.A., Department of Animal Physiology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Akinduti, P.A., Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Oyekunle, M.A., Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Osinowo, O.A., Department of Animal Physiology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Onagbesan, A.O.M., Department of Animal Physiology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	A comparative study was conducted to evaluate haemagglutination potential in the haemolymph of two species of giant African land snails (Archachatina marginata and Achatina achatina). Three liveweight groups of snails (<100g, 101-150g and >150g) were used with 4 replicates per liveweight per species for haemagglutination assay (HA). The effect of aestivation on haemagglutination potential was also evaluated. Erythrocytes (2%) from cattle, sheep, goat and chicken were used for HA assay. Results showed that agglutinin-like substances that agglutinate erythrocytes of sheep, goat, cattle and chicken were present in the haemolymph of the two species of giant African land snails. Effect of species was found to be significant (P<0.001) on haemagglutination titre. Haemolymph of A. marginata, had higher haemagglutination titre than that of A. achatina across the three liveweight groups used in this study. Snail liveweight had no significant effect (P>0.05) on agglutinin content of the haemolymph in both species. Agglutination level depended on the source of erythrocyte used. Sheep erythrocyte recorded the highest haemagglutination titre, followed by goat, cattle, and chicken in that order. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence that Giant African land snails (GALS) haemolymph contain agglutinins as previously reported for Helix species. This evidence may be the basis for its survivability in the wild and thus establish the use of GALS for African herbal medicinal applications. © 2014.	Giant African land snails; Haemagglutination; Haemagglutinin; Haemolymph; Titre	agglutinin; animal; chemistry; drug effects; erythrocyte; hemagglutination; hemolymph; physiology; snail; Agglutinins; Animals; Erythrocytes; Hemagglutination; Hemolymph; Snails	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926459969	Effects of dietary administration of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) on the growth performance, biochemical, hematological and immunological parameters in juvenile and adult Victoria Labeo (Labeo victorianus) challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila	Ngugi C.C., Oyoo-Okoth E., Mugo-Bundi J., Orina P.S., Chemoiwa E.J., Aloo P.A.	2015	Fish and Shellfish Immunology	44	2	10.1016/j.fsi.2015.03.025	Kenyatta University, School of Agriculture and Enterprise Development, Department of Agricultural Resource Management, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; School of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Department of Natural Resource, Karatina University, P.O. Box 1957-10101, Karatina, Kenya; National Aquaculture Research Development and Training Centre - Sagana, P. O. Box 26-10230, Sagana, Kenya; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya	Ngugi, C.C., Kenyatta University, School of Agriculture and Enterprise Development, Department of Agricultural Resource Management, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Oyoo-Okoth, E., School of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Department of Natural Resource, Karatina University, P.O. Box 1957-10101, Karatina, Kenya; Mugo-Bundi, J., School of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Department of Natural Resource, Karatina University, P.O. Box 1957-10101, Karatina, Kenya; Orina, P.S., National Aquaculture Research Development and Training Centre - Sagana, P. O. Box 26-10230, Sagana, Kenya, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya; Chemoiwa, E.J., Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya; Aloo, P.A., School of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Department of Natural Resource, Karatina University, P.O. Box 1957-10101, Karatina, Kenya	We investigated effects of dietary administration of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) on growth performance, biochemical, hematological and immunological parameters in juvenile and adult Victoria Labeo (Labeo victorianus) against Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish were divided into 4 groups and fed for 4 and 16 weeks with 0%, 1%, 2% and 5% of U.dioica incorporated into the diet. Use of U.dioica in the diet resulted in improved biochemical, hematological and immunological parameters. Among the biochemical parameters; plasma cortisol, glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol decreased while total protein and albumin in fish increased with increasing dietary inclusion of U.dioica. Among the haematology parameters: red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC) counts, haematocrit (Htc), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH), mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and netrophiles increased with increasing dietary inclusion levels of U.dioica, some depending on the fish age. Serum immunoglobulins, lysozyme activity and respiratory burst were the main immunological parameters in the adult and juvenile L.victorianus measured and they all increased with increasing herbal inclusion of U.dioica in the diet. Dietary incorporation of U.dioica at 5% showed significantly higher relative percentage survival (up to 95%) against A.hydrophila. The current results demonstrate that using U.dioica can stimulate fish immunity and make L.victorianus more resistant to bacterial infection (A.hydrophila). © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.	Biochemical parameters; Hematological parameters; Immunity; Immunological parameters; Labeo victorianus; Urtica dioica	Aeromonas hydrophila; Bacteria (microorganisms); Labeo; Labeo victorianus; Urtica dioica	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880874709	Evaluation of next generation mtGenome sequencing using the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM)	Parson W., Strobl C., Huber G., Zimmermann B., Gomes S.M., Souto L., Fendt L., Delport R., Langit R., Wootton S., Lagacé R., Irwin J.	2013	Forensic Science International: Genetics	7	5	10.1016/j.fsigen.2013.06.003	Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Penn State Eberly College of Science, University Park, PA, United States; Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal; Division of Human Genetics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Life Technologies, Foster City, CA, United States; FBI Laboratory, Quantico, VA, United States	Parson, W., Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria, Penn State Eberly College of Science, University Park, PA, United States; Strobl, C., Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Huber, G., Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Zimmermann, B., Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Gomes, S.M., Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal; Souto, L., Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal; Fendt, L., Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria, Division of Human Genetics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Delport, R., Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Langit, R., Life Technologies, Foster City, CA, United States; Wootton, S., Life Technologies, Foster City, CA, United States; Lagacé, R., Life Technologies, Foster City, CA, United States; Irwin, J., FBI Laboratory, Quantico, VA, United States	Insights into the human mitochondrial phylogeny have been primarily achieved by sequencing full mitochondrial genomes (mtGenomes). In forensic genetics (partial) mtGenome information can be used to assign haplotypes to their phylogenetic backgrounds, which may, in turn, have characteristic geographic distributions that would offer useful information in a forensic case. In addition and perhaps even more relevant in the forensic context, haplogroup-specific patterns of mutations form the basis for quality control of mtDNA sequences. The current method for establishing (partial) mtDNA haplotypes is Sanger-type sequencing (STS), which is laborious, time-consuming, and expensive. With the emergence of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies, the body of available mtDNA data can potentially be extended much more quickly and cost-efficiently. Customized chemistries, laboratory workflows and data analysis packages could support the community and increase the utility of mtDNA analysis in forensics. We have evaluated the performance of mtGenome sequencing using the Personal Genome Machine (PGM) and compared the resulting haplotypes directly with conventional Sanger-type sequencing. A total of 64 mtGenomes (>1 million bases) were established that yielded high concordance with the corresponding STS haplotypes (<0.02% differences). About two-thirds of the differences were observed in or around homopolymeric sequence stretches. In addition, the sequence alignment algorithm employed to align NGS reads played a significant role in the analysis of the data and the resulting mtDNA haplotypes. Further development of alignment software would be desirable to facilitate the application of NGS in mtDNA forensic genetics. © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Forensic science; Heteroplasmy; mtDNA genomes; Next Generation Sequencing; PGM; Sanger-type sequencing	mitochondrial DNA; article; comparative study; gene sequence; haplotype; heteroplasmy; human; human genome; priority journal; sequence alignment; Forensic science; Heteroplasmy; mtDNA genomes; Next Generation Sequencing; PGM; Sanger-type sequencing; Algorithms; DNA, Mitochondrial; Forensic Genetics; Genome, Human; Genome, Mitochondrial; Haplotypes; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Analysis, DNA	2011-MU-MU-K402, NIJ, National Institute of Justice
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887180565	Reprint of: Evaluation of next generation mtGenome sequencing using the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM)	Parson W., Strobl C., Huber G., Zimmermann B., Gomes S.M., Souto L., Fendt L., Delport R., Langit R., Wootton S., Lagacé R., Irwin J.	2013	Forensic Science International: Genetics	7	6	10.1016/j.fsigen.2013.09.007	Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Penn State Eberly College of Science, University Park, PA, United States; Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal; Division of Human Genetics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Life Technologies, Foster City, CA, United States; FBI Laboratory, Quantico, VA, United States	Parson, W., Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria, Penn State Eberly College of Science, University Park, PA, United States; Strobl, C., Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Huber, G., Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Zimmermann, B., Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Gomes, S.M., Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal; Souto, L., Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal; Fendt, L., Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria, Division of Human Genetics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Delport, R., Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Langit, R., Life Technologies, Foster City, CA, United States; Wootton, S., Life Technologies, Foster City, CA, United States; Lagacé, R., Life Technologies, Foster City, CA, United States; Irwin, J., FBI Laboratory, Quantico, VA, United States	Insights into the human mitochondrial phylogeny have been primarily achieved by sequencing full mitochondrial genomes (mtGenomes). In forensic genetics (partial) mtGenome information can be used to assign haplotypes to their phylogenetic backgrounds, which may, in turn, have characteristic geographic distributions that would offer useful information in a forensic case. In addition and perhaps even more relevant in the forensic context, haplogroup-specific patterns of mutations form the basis for quality control of mtDNA sequences. The current method for establishing (partial) mtDNA haplotypes is Sanger-type sequencing (STS), which is laborious, time-consuming, and expensive. With the emergence of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies, the body of available mtDNA data can potentially be extended much more quickly and cost-efficiently. Customized chemistries, laboratory workflows and data analysis packages could support the community and increase the utility of mtDNA analysis in forensics. We have evaluated the performance of mtGenome sequencing using the Personal Genome Machine (PGM) and compared the resulting haplotypes directly with conventional Sanger-type sequencing. A total of 64 mtGenomes (>1 million bases) were established that yielded high concordance with the corresponding STS haplotypes (<0.02% differences). About two-thirds of the differences were observed in or around homopolymeric sequence stretches. In addition, the sequence alignment algorithm employed to align NGS reads played a significant role in the analysis of the data and the resulting mtDNA haplotypes. Further development of alignment software would be desirable to facilitate the application of NGS in mtDNA forensic genetics. © 2013 The authors.	Forensic science; Heteroplasmy; mtDNA genomes; Next Generation Sequencing; PGM; Sanger-type sequencing	mitochondrial DNA; algorithm; article; data analysis; gene sequence; genome; haplotype; human; human tissue; machine; personal genome machine; priority journal; sequence alignment; workflow	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70649103025	Evaluation of 21 Y-STRs for population and forensic studies	D'Amato M.E., Benjeddou M., Davison S.	2009	Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series	2	1	10.1016/j.fsigss.2009.08.091	Forensic DNA Lab, Biotechnology Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, 7535 Bellville, South Africa	D'Amato, M.E., Forensic DNA Lab, Biotechnology Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, 7535 Bellville, South Africa; Benjeddou, M., Forensic DNA Lab, Biotechnology Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, 7535 Bellville, South Africa; Davison, S., Forensic DNA Lab, Biotechnology Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, 7535 Bellville, South Africa	In the present study we evaluated the applicability for forensic and evolutionary studies of 21 Y-STR loci (DYS437, DYS447, DYS448, DYS449, DYS456, DYS481, DYS504, DYS510, DYS518, DYS532, DYS536, DYS542, DYS552, DYS562, DYS576, DYS587, DYS612, DYS626, DYS644, DYS710, and Y-GATA-H4). Allele sequence analysis, allele diversity, gene diversity, allele frequency spectrum, discrimination capacity and informativeness for assignment were studied in European English, Asian Indian and Xhosa population groups sampled in South Africa. Seven loci showed size homoplasy. Individuals with mixed ancestry were identified using a statistical method for population assignment and a phylogenetic network. In comparison to our previous minimal haplotype data for the same population groups these loci showed significant increase in discrimination capacity (overall, from 0.773 to 0.958). © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Ancestry; Network; South Africa; Y-STRs	allele; article; Asian; evolution; forensic genetics; gene frequency; gene locus; genetic variability; genotype; haplotype; homoplasy; human; Indian; nucleotide sequence; phylogeny; population genetics; priority journal; sequence analysis; short tandem repeat; South Africa; Y chromosome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-27744589128	Kinetic analysis of non-isothermal thermogravimetric analyser results using a new method for the evaluation of the temperature integral and multi-heating rates	Everson R.C., Neomagus H.W.J.P., Njapha D.	2006	Fuel	85	3	10.1016/j.fuel.2005.07.003	School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa; Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2082, South Africa	Everson, R.C., School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa; Neomagus, H.W.J.P., School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa; Njapha, D., Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2082, South Africa	A technique using non-isothermal thermogravimetric analyser results was developed for the validation of reaction rate models together with associated parameters suitable for chemically controlled gas-solid reactions. The solution of the temperature integral which occurs in the calculation is achieved by numerical integration with respect to a dimensionless activation energy variable, y=E/RT, following a transformation of the temperature integral equation. The evaluation of the validity of the kinetic model and determination of all the constants is accomplished with a two-step regression procedure with experimental results from several thermogrammes with different linear heating rates. The technique was validated by comparing results obtained for the combustion of two coal-chars with corresponding isothermal results using a shrinking core model with a nth order surface reaction. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Coal-char; Kinetic study; Non-isothermal; Thermogravimetry	Activation energy; Coal; Combustion; Heating; Integral equations; Mathematical transformations; Reaction kinetics; Regression analysis; Surface reactions; Coal-char; Kinetic study; Non-isothermal; Reaction rate; Thermogravimetric analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649748700	Experimental investigation of fuel properties, engine performance, combustion and emissions of blends containing croton oil, butanol, and diesel on a CI engine	Lujaji F., Kristóf L., Bereczky A., Mbarawa M.	2011	Fuel	90	2	10.1016/j.fuel.2010.10.004	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Department of Energy Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, D208, Bertalan Lajos u. 4-6, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary	Lujaji, F., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Kristóf, L., Department of Energy Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, D208, Bertalan Lajos u. 4-6, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; Bereczky, A., Department of Energy Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, D208, Bertalan Lajos u. 4-6, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; Mbarawa, M., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Emission problems associated with the use of fossil fuels have led to numerous research projects on the use of renewable fuels. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of blends containing croton mogalocarpus oil (CRO)-Butanol (BU) alcohol-diesel (D2) on engine performance, combustion, and emission characteristics. Samples investigated were 15%CRO-5%BU-80%D2, 10%CRO-10%BU-80%D2, and diesel fuel (D2) as a baseline. The density, viscosity, cetane number CN, and contents of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen were measured according to ASTM standards. A four cylinder turbocharged direct injection (TDI) diesel engine was used for the tests. It was observed that brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) of blends was found to be high when compared with that of D2 fuel. Butanol containing blends show peak cylinder pressure and heat release rate comparable to that of D2 on higher engine loads. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and smoke emissions of the BU blends were lower in comparison to D2 fuel. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Blends; Butanol; Croton oil; Diesel; Performance	Blends; Butanol; Croton oil; Diesel; Performance; Alcohols; Carbon dioxide; Combustion; Diesel engines; Diesel fuels; Energy utilization; Engines; Fossil fuels; Machine design; Organic polymers; Oxygen; Vegetable oils; Engine cylinders	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951946363	Evaluation of triticale bran as raw material for bioethanol production	García-Aparicio M., Trollope K., Tyhoda L., Diedericks D., Görgens J.	2011	Fuel	90	4	10.1016/j.fuel.2010.10.049	Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Department of Forest and Wood Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	García-Aparicio, M., Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Trollope, K., Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Tyhoda, L., Department of Forest and Wood Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Diedericks, D., Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Görgens, J., Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	The present work addresses the introduction of second generation biofuels from agricultural by-products generated from low input cereal crops such as triticale. The main purpose was to investigate whether the overall ethanol yield in a triticale dry-mill ethanol plant could be increased by combination of pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of the bran obtained by fractionation of the grain to separate from starch. Different dilute acid pretreatment conditions were studied using starch-free triticale bran (SFTB) as substrate at a fixed loading of 10% (dry weight/volume). A statistically experimental design approach, based on previous studies, was used to evaluate the sugar recovery so as to maximize the enzyme digestibility of the pretreated material. The highest overall sugar yield was attained by using 0.1% (w/v) of sulphuric acid at 160 °C for 22.5 min. At these conditions, it could be possible to obtain up to 245 L of ethanol per dry ton of SFTB considering hexose and pentose sugars fermentation, which would increase by 14% the theoretical ethanol yield in a dry-mill ethanol plant. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.	Bioethanol; Cereal bran; Enzymatic hydrolysis; Pretreatment; Starch	Agricultural by-products; Bio-ethanol production; Cereal bran; Cereal crop; Dilute acid pretreatment; Enzyme digestibility; Ethanol plants; Ethanol yield; Experimental design; Pre-Treatment; Second generation; Sugar recovery; Sugar yield; Sulphuric acids; Agricultural wastes; Bioethanol; Cereal products; Ethanol; Starch; Sugars; Sulfuric acid; Enzymatic hydrolysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79957488704	Engine performance, exhaust emissions and combustion characteristics of a CI engine fuelled with croton megalocarpus methyl ester with antioxidant	Kivevele T.T., Kristóf L., Bereczky A., Mbarawa M.M.	2011	Fuel	90	8	10.1016/j.fuel.2011.03.048	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Department of Energy Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Megyetem rkp. 3-9, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary	Kivevele, T.T., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Kristóf, L., Department of Energy Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Megyetem rkp. 3-9, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; Bereczky, A., Department of Energy Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Megyetem rkp. 3-9, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; Mbarawa, M.M., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	The use of biodiesel as a substitute for petroleum-based diesel has become of great interest for the reasons of combating the destruction of the environment, the price of petroleum-based diesel and dependency on foreign energy sources. But for practical feasibility of biodiesel, antioxidants are added to increase the oxidation stability during long term storage. It is quite possible that these additives may affect the clean burning characteristics of biodiesel. This study investigated the experimental effects of antioxidants on the oxidation stability, engine performance, exhaust emissions and combustion characteristics of a four cylinder turbocharged direct injection (TDI) diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel from croton megalocarpus oil. The three synthetic antioxidants evaluated its effectiveness on oxidation stability of croton oil methyl ester (COME) were 1, 2, 3 tri-hydroxy benzene (Pyrogallol, PY), 3, 4, 5-tri hydroxy benzoic acid (Propyl Gallate, PG) and 2-tert butyl-4-methoxy phenol (Butylated Hydroxyanisole, BHA). The fuel sample tested in TDI diesel engine include pure croton biodiesel (B100), croton biodiesel dosed with 1000 ppm of an effective antioxidant (B100 + PY1000), B20 (20% croton biodiesel and 80% mineral diesel) and diesel fuel which was used as base fuel. The result showed that the effectiveness of the antioxidants was in the order of PY > PG > BHA. The brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of biodiesel fuel with antioxidants decreased more than that of biodiesel fuel without antioxidants, but both were higher than that of diesel. Antioxidants had few effects on the exhaust emissions of a diesel engine running on biodiesel. Combustion characteristics in diesel engine were not influenced by the addition of antioxidants in biodiesel fuel. This study recommends PY and PG to be used for safeguarding biodiesel fuel from the effects of autoxidation during storage. Overall, the biodiesel derived from croton megalocarpus oil can be utilized as partial substitute for mineral diesel. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Antioxidants; Combustion; Croton methyl ester; Emissions; Engine performance	Antioxidants; Benzoic acid; Bio-diesel fuel; Brake specific fuel consumption; CI engine; Clean burning; Combustion characteristics; Croton methyl ester; Emissions; Energy source; Engine performance; Exhaust emission; Fuel samples; Long-term storage; Methyl esters; Oxidation stability; Propyl gallate; Synthetic antioxidants; TDI diesel engine; Benzene; Biodiesel; Carboxylic acids; Combustion; Diesel engines; Diesel fuels; Direct injection; Engines; Esterification; Esters; Fuel consumption; Fuel storage; Machine design; Oxidation; Phenols; Silicate minerals; Synthetic fuels; Vegetable oils; Engine cylinders	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879036965	The impact of particle size and maceral segregation on char formation in a packed bed combustion unit	Malumbazo N., Wagner N.J., Bunt J.R.	2013	Fuel	111	None	10.1016/j.fuel.2013.03.056	Council for Geoscience, Mineral Resources Development, 280 Pretoria Street, Silverton, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Sasol Technology (PTY LTD), P.O. Box X1, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa	Malumbazo, N., Council for Geoscience, Mineral Resources Development, 280 Pretoria Street, Silverton, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Wagner, N.J., School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; Bunt, J.R., School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa, Sasol Technology (PTY LTD), P.O. Box X1, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa	Highveld parent coal was crushed into three size fractions, namely: 5 mm-75 mm, 5 mm-53 mm, and 5-37.5 mm. The crushed samples were subjected as feed coals to heating in a packed-bed reactor to investigate the influence of particle size reduction on char formation and reactivity. Coal petrography was utilized to assess the maceral and char formation distribution of the feed coal samples and their packed-bed combustion unit's products. The maceral distribution of the feed coal fractions differed from the typical run-of-mine Highveld coal petrographic composition; the smallest size fractions (-53 mm and -37.5 mm) having the highest vitrinite content. Maceral distribution was further divided into total reactive maceral particles, total inert maceral particles, and total inertinite particles. The -53 mm and -37.5 mm feed coal samples had the highest total reactive maceral particle content. Inert char particles dominated in the packed-bed combustion unit samples due to high inertinite maceral group content of the Highveld coals. Unexpectedly, the -53 mm feed coal sample had higher content of total reactive maceral particles and lower content of total inert maceral particles; whereas the -37.5 mm feed coal sample had high content of reactive maceral particles and high content of total inert maceral particles. This variation in maceral group content lead to the -53 mm feed coal sample being more reactive (producing more devolatilized and porous chars and thus reacting faster with reactant gases) than the -37.5 mm feed coal sample. This was due to inert maceral particles restricting the -37.5 mm feed coal sample from fully softening and reacting with reactant gas. This was also this was attributed to variation in volatile propagation of the three particle sizes. This confirms that a feed coal with smaller particle sizes results in different reactivity, char formation, and better heat transfer during combustion than the feed coal with large particle size range. Another important factor that plays a role in combustion is maceral association; it was observed that maceral distribution has a great influence on the char formation and its reactivity more than coal particle size. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Char morphology; Highveld coal; Maceral segregation; Reactivity	Coal particle size; Large particle sizes; Maceral distribution; Macerals; Packed bed reactor; Particle content; Particle size reduction; Petrographic composition; Chemical contamination; Coal; Inert gases; Packed beds; Particle size; Petrography; Reactivity (nuclear); Segregation (metallography); Coal combustion	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893233045	Effect of operational parameters on SAGD performance in a dip heterogeneous fractured reservoir	Hashemi-Kiasari H., Hemmati-Sarapardeh A., Mighani S., Mohammadi A.H., Sedaee-Sola B.	2014	Fuel	122	None	10.1016/j.fuel.2013.12.057	Department of Petroleum Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Mewbourne School of Petroleum and Geological Engineering, University of Oklahoma, OK, United States; Institut de Recherche en Génie Chimique et Pétrolier (IRGCP), Paris Cedex, France; Thermodynamics Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, King George V Avenue, Durban 4041, South Africa; Department of Petroleum Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran	Hashemi-Kiasari, H., Department of Petroleum Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Hemmati-Sarapardeh, A., Department of Petroleum Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Mighani, S., Mewbourne School of Petroleum and Geological Engineering, University of Oklahoma, OK, United States; Mohammadi, A.H., Institut de Recherche en Génie Chimique et Pétrolier (IRGCP), Paris Cedex, France, Thermodynamics Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, King George V Avenue, Durban 4041, South Africa; Sedaee-Sola, B., Department of Petroleum Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran	Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) has been studied theoretically, experimentally and numerically as a promising EOR process. Most of the simulation works have been conducted microscopically in homogeneous non-dipping models. In this communication, the effect of operational parameters on SAGD performance is investigated in a dip heterogeneous naturally fractured reservoir (NFR) with oil wet rock using CMG-STARS thermal simulator. The results indicate that reservoir dip has unfavorable effects on SAGD performance due to overriding effect. Moreover, less oil saturation of matrix causes steam to penetrate into upper blocks. It has also been observed that reservoir thickness controls operational parameters. Furthermore, the results indicate that there is no need for more preheating due to desired heat communication between well pair. As it was expected, higher steam injection rate leads to more oil production. Besides, longer well pairs have no considerable effects on SAGD performance in dip reservoirs. Besides, because of quick reservoir depletion in injection at high pressure, SAGD is not recommended economically in thinner reservoirs. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Dipping; EOR; Naturally fractured reservoir; Operational parameter; SAGD	Dipping; EOR; Naturally fractured reservoirs; Operational parameters; SAGD; Communication; Computer simulation; Enhanced recovery; Water injection	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949117216	On the evaluation of Fast-SAGD process in naturally fractured heavy oil reservoir	Kamari A., Hemmati-Sarapardeh A., Mohammadi A.H., Hashemi-Kiasari H., Mohagheghian E.	2015	Fuel	143	None	10.1016/j.fuel.2014.10.065	School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, King George V Avenue, Durban, South Africa; Department of Petroleum Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Institut de Recherche en Génie Chimique et Pétrolier (IRGCP), Paris Cedex, France; Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada	Kamari, A., School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, King George V Avenue, Durban, South Africa; Hemmati-Sarapardeh, A., Department of Petroleum Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Mohammadi, A.H., School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, King George V Avenue, Durban, South Africa, Institut de Recherche en Génie Chimique et Pétrolier (IRGCP), Paris Cedex, France; Hashemi-Kiasari, H., Department of Petroleum Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Mohagheghian, E., Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada	Very recently, Fast-SAGD as a modification of steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) has been much attended due to lower cumulative steam oil ratio as well as higher cumulative oil production. However, there are still many suspicions about the successful application of this method in naturally fractured reservoirs (NFR) in which faults, fissures, vugs, micro-fractures, poorly interconnected matrix pore structure as well as undesirable wettability are combined with high-viscosity oil. In this communication, initially, Fast-SAGD has been compared with traditional SAGD in an Iranian naturally fractured heavy oil reservoir with oil wet rock using CMG-STARS thermal simulator. Moreover, the effects of operational parameters on Fast-SAGD method have been investigated. In addition, a novel economical model has been established in which all economical parameters including input cash flow costs such as the rate of oil production and oil price, and the output cash flow costs such as capital expenditures (CAPEX), operating expenditures (OPEX), injection material and pipe line tariffs, have been considered. During the optimization of the operational parameters, it was observed that by increasing steam injection rate into both offset and SAGD wells in Fast-SAGD system, ultimate recovery factor (RF) increased, but ultimate net present value (NPV) increased up to an optimal point which could be due to the increased SOR value. By increasing steam injection pressure into offset well, both the ultimate RF and NPV increased up to an optimal point. To optimally select parameters such as the number of cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) cycles, elevation of CSS well and well spacing of SAGD well pair, sensitivity analysis should be performed to achieve the best case economically and technically due to the lack of a decrease or increase trend. In contrast to conventional reservoirs, the performance affected by start-up time at the offset well during Fast-SAGD process in fractured reservoirs indicates that earlier start-up time of steam injection leads to high RF and NPV. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Economic model; Fast-SAGD; Heavy crude oil; Naturally fractured reservoir; Operational parameters	Costs; Crude oil; Heavy oil production; Injection (oil wells); Oil shale; Petroleum reservoir engineering; Petroleum reservoirs; Sensitivity analysis; Steam; Water injection; Well spacing; Well stimulation; Economic modeling; Fast-SAGD; Heavy crude oil; Naturally fractured reservoirs; Operational parameters; Oil wells	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924207677	Evaluation of the separation energy penalty associated with low butanol concentration in the fermentation broth using entropy analysis	Aneke M., Görgens J.	2015	Fuel	150	None	10.1016/j.fuel.2015.02.073	Department of Process Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; School of Engineering, University of Hull, United Kingdom	Aneke, M., Department of Process Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa, School of Engineering, University of Hull, United Kingdom; Görgens, J., Department of Process Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa	Three different separation configuration options namely: pure distillation (option A), gas stripping based (option B) and liquid-liquid extraction based (option C) for separating Acetone Butanol Ethanol (ABE) fermentation broth which contains low butanol concentration in the presence of butyric and acetic acid which is a characteristic of unsuccessful switching from acidogenesis to solventogenesis process during ABE fermentation were modelled using Aspen Plus simulation software and analysed using first and second law of thermodynamics. With the consideration of heat integration, the separation efficiency achieved by the gas stripping based option and the LLE based option were approximately the same (0.0558 and 0.0571 respectively) while that of the pure distillation based option was 0.0165. The second law analysis shows that the lowest entropy generation occurs in the gas stripping separation configuration, followed by the LLE option, then the pure distillation option. From the second law analysis, it was observed that the highest irreversibility occurs in the first distillation column of the pure distillation process. This is as a result of large quantity of water contained in the fermentation broth. It was found that reducing the quantity of water contained in the fermentation broth using either gas stripping or LLE operation drastically reduces the irreversibility or entropy generation in the process. Apart from water, the presence of acetic acid in the fermentation broth also poses a challenge due to the formation of butanol-acetic acid azeotrope. From this work, it was found that the excessive use of water for dilution of fermentation substrates in order to lower substrate inhibition and the unsuccessful shift from acidogenesis to solventogenesis during ABE fermentation operation poses a major energy penalty during fermentation product purification as the energy required to successfully separate the fermentation broth is far more than the energy content of butanol product obtained. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Distillation; Gas stripping; Liquid-liquid extraction; Second law analysis	Acetic acid; Acetone; Butyric acid; C (programming language); Computer software; Distillation; Distillation columns; Entropy; Fermentation; Gases; Liquids; pH; Separation; Solvent extraction; Substrates; Thermodynamics; Acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation; Fermentation products; Fermentation substrates; Gas stripping; Liquid-liquid extraction; Second law analysis; Second Law of Thermodynamics; Separation efficiency; Extraction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953044219	Impact of antioxidant additives on the oxidation stability of biodiesel produced from Croton Megalocarpus oil	Kivevele T.T., Mbarawa M.M., Bereczky A., Laza T., Madarasz J.	2011	Fuel Processing Technology	92	6	10.1016/j.fuproc.2011.02.009	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Department of Energy Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Muegyetem rkp. 3-9, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Muegyetem rkp. 3-9, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary	Kivevele, T.T., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Mbarawa, M.M., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Bereczky, A., Department of Energy Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Muegyetem rkp. 3-9, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; Laza, T., Department of Energy Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Muegyetem rkp. 3-9, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; Madarasz, J., Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Muegyetem rkp. 3-9, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary	The increase in crude petroleum prices, limited resources of fossil fuels and environmental concerns have led to the search of alternative fuels, which promise a harmonious correlation with sustainable development, energy conservation, efficiency and environmental preservation. Biodiesel is well positioned to replace petroleum-based diesel. Biodiesel is a non-toxic, biodegradable and renewable biofuel. But the outstanding technical problem with biodiesel is that, it is more susceptible to oxidation owing to its exposure to oxygen present in the air and high temperature. This happens mainly due to the presence of varying numbers of double bonds in the free fatty acid molecules. This study evaluates oxidation stability of biodiesel produced from Croton megalocarpus oil. Thermal and Oxidation stability of Croton Oil Methyl Ester (COME) were determined by Rancimat and Thermogravimetry Analysis methods respectively. It was found that oxidation stability of COME did not meet the specifications of EN 14214 (6 h). This study also investigated the effectiveness of three antioxidants: 1,2,3 tri-hydroxy benzene (Pyrogallol, PY), 3,4,5-tri hydroxy benzoic acid (Propyl Gallate, PG) and 2-tert butyl-4-methoxy phenol (Butylated Hydroxyanisole, BHA) on oxidation stability of COME. The result showed that the effectiveness of these antioxidants was in the order of PY > PG > BHA. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Biodiesel; Croton Oil; Fuel properties; Oxidation stability	Antioxidant additives; Benzoic acid; Croton Oil; Double bonds; EN 14214; Environmental concerns; Environmental preservation; Free fatty acid; Fuel properties; High temperature; Methoxy; Methyl esters; Oxidation stability; Petroleum prices; Propyl gallate; Rancimat; Technical problem; Thermogravimetry analysis; Alternative fuels; Benzene; Biodiesel; Crude oil; Esters; Fatty acids; Fossil fuels; Oxygen; Phenols; Stability; Sustainable development; Thermogravimetric analysis; Vegetable oils; Oxidation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870548482	Fungi solubilisation of low rank coal: Performances of stirred tank, fluidised bed and packed bed reactors	Oboirien B.O., Ojumu T.V., Obayopo S.O.	2013	Fuel Processing Technology	106	None	10.1016/j.fuproc.2012.08.011	CSIR Materials Science and Manufacturing, PO Box, 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Department of Chemical Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Oboirien, B.O., CSIR Materials Science and Manufacturing, PO Box, 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Ojumu, T.V., Department of Chemical Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; Obayopo, S.O., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Coal biosolubilisation was investigated in stirred tank reactor, fluidised bed and fixed bed bioreactors with a view to highlight the advantages and shortcomings of each of these reactor configurations. The stirred aerated bioreactor and fluidised bioreactor represent slurry reactor systems enabling a comparative study. Direct comparison between these and the fixed bed bioreactor could not be carried as the corresponding particle sizes will result to a pressure drop in the fixed bed reactor. Coal solubilisation showed a higher coal weight loss in the stirred tank slurry bioreactor in comparison to the fluidised bed slurry bioreactor at 5% (w/v) coal loading and 600-850 μm coal fractions. Higher aeration is required in the fluidised bed bioreactor than in the stirred tank slurry bioreactor at constant coal loading and particle size because in fluidised bed bioreactor aeration was also used for mixing. Coal biosolubilisation in the packed bed bioreactor was minimal. The low performance was attributed to the large coal particle size fraction (1.5-2 mm) used. Minimal damage to the fungal culture was observed. However, clogging of bed by fungi resulted in channelling or misdistribution that ultimately leads to poor and unpredictable internal mass transport. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	Fluidised bed and fixed bed reactor; Fungal solubilisation; Low rank coal; Stirred tank reactor	Coal fractions; Coal particle size; Comparative studies; Fixed bed reactor; Fixed-bed bioreactor; Fluidised bed; Fungal culture; Low rank coals; Minimal damage; Packed bed reactor; Packed-bed bioreactors; Reactor configuration; Slurry bioreactors; Slurry reactor; Solubilisation; Stirred Tank; Stirred tank reactors; Weight loss; Bioconversion; Bioreactors; Fluidization; Fluidized beds; Fungi; Packed beds; Particle size; Solubility; Tanks (containers); Coal	None
None	None	Performance, combustion and emission characteristics of n-butanol additive in methanol-gasoline blend fired in a naturally-aspirated spark ignition engine	Siwale L., Kristóf L., Bereczky A., Mbarawa M., Kolesnikov A.	2014	Fuel Processing Technology	118	None	10.1016/j.fuproc.2013.10.007	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Department of Energy Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Bertalan Lajos u. 4-6, D208, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; Ministry of Communication, Science and Technology, Jamhuri Street, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Siwale, L., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Kristóf, L., Department of Energy Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Bertalan Lajos u. 4-6, D208, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; Bereczky, A., Department of Energy Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Bertalan Lajos u. 4-6, D208, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; Mbarawa, M., Ministry of Communication, Science and Technology, Jamhuri Street, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Kolesnikov, A., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	The aim of the study was to compare the effects of dual alcohols (n-butanol and methanol) with single alcohol (methanol) blended in gasoline fuel (GF) against performance, combustion and emission characteristics. Problems arise in the fuel delivery system when using the highly volatile methanol-gasoline blends. This problem is reduced by adding n-butanol to methanol-gasoline blends. However, the satisfactory engine performance of the dual alcohol-gasoline blends need to be proved. The test fuels were GF, blend M53b17 (53 % methanol, 17 % n-butanol and 30% GF by volume), M20, and M70. The blend M53b17 was selected to match the vapor pressure (VP) of GF, whereas M70 to match the total alcohol content in the blend. The test fuels were a lean mixture with excess-air ratio of λ = 1.1. The experiments were conducted on a naturally-aspirated, spark ignition engine. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) improved whereas the exhaust gas temperature (EGT) of the blends reduced, which is a benefit that reduces compression work. The regulated emissions were also reported. The blend M53b17 was recommended in preference to M70 because the former had shortened combustion duration, high-energy content and its VP was selectively matched to that of GF's. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Bioalcohols; Brake specific fuel consumption; Brake thermal efficiency; Emission; Spark ignition	Bioalcohols; Brake specific fuel consumption; Brake thermal efficiency; Emission characteristics; Exhaust gas temperatures; Fuel-delivery systems; Methanol-gasoline blends; Spark ignition; Brakes; Combustion; Fuels; Methanol; Methanol fuels; Neutron emission; Gasoline	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349743994	Generation, mobilization and crystallization of impact-induced alkali-rich melts in granitic target rocks: Evidence from the Araguainha impact structure, central Brazil	Machado R., Lana C., Stevens G., Filho C.R.S., Reimold W.U., McDonald I.	2009	Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta	73	23	10.1016/j.gca.2009.08.029	Centre for Crustal Petrology, Department of Geology, Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag XI, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa; Departamento de Geologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade de Campinas, P.O. Box 6152, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil; Museum für Naturkunde-Leibniz Institute, Humboldt University of Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany; School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3YE, United Kingdom	Machado, R., Centre for Crustal Petrology, Department of Geology, Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag XI, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa, Departamento de Geologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade de Campinas, P.O. Box 6152, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil; Lana, C., Centre for Crustal Petrology, Department of Geology, Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag XI, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa; Stevens, G., Centre for Crustal Petrology, Department of Geology, Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag XI, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa; Filho, C.R.S., Departamento de Geologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade de Campinas, P.O. Box 6152, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil; Reimold, W.U., Museum für Naturkunde-Leibniz Institute, Humboldt University of Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany; McDonald, I., School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3YE, United Kingdom	This paper provides important insights into the generation, extraction and crystallization of clast-laden impact melt rocks from the Araguainha impact structure, central Brazil. Despite the mixed nature of the Araguainha target rocks (comprising a 2 km thick sequence of sedimentary rocks and underlying granitic basement), the exposed melt bodies are characterised by an alkali-rich granitic matrix embedding mineral and rock fragments derived only from the target granite. The melt rocks occur in the form of a massive impact melt sheet overlying the eroded central uplift structure, and as melt veins in the granite of the core of the central uplift. Bulk-rock major and trace element data (including platinum group elements) indicate that the precursor melts were generated locally, principally by partial melting of the target granite, without any contribution from the sedimentary sequence or the projectile. The dense network of melt veins was formed in isolation, by selective melting of plagioclase and alkali feldspar within the granite target. Plagioclase and alkali feldspar melted discretely and congruently, producing domains in the matrix of the melt veins, which closely match the stoichiometry of these minerals. The compositionally discrete initial melt phases migrated through a dense network of microfractures before being assembled into larger melt veins. Freezing of the melt veins was substantially fast, and the melt components were quenched in the form of alkali-feldspar and plagioclase schlieren in the matrix of the melt veins. The overlying impact melt rock is, in contrast, characterised by a granophyric matrix consisting of albite, sanidine, quartz, biotite and chlorite. In this case, melt components appear to have been more mobile and to have mixed completely to form a granitic parental melt. We relate the melting of the minerals to post-shock temperatures that exceeded the melting point of feldspars. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	None	biotite; chemical composition; chlorite; crystallization; granite; impact structure; melt; mobilization; partial melting; quartz; sanidine; stoichiometry; uplift; Brazil; South America	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960292095	Petrographic and geochemical evidence for an allochthonous, possibly impact melt, origin of pseudotachylite from the Vredefort Dome, South Africa	Lieger D., Riller U., Gibson R.L.	2011	Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta	75	16	10.1016/j.gca.2011.05.017	Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institut für Evolutions - und Biodiversitätsforschung an der, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany; School of Geography and Earth Sciences and Origins Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, P.O. Wits 2050, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, South Africa	Lieger, D., Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institut für Evolutions - und Biodiversitätsforschung an der, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany; Riller, U., School of Geography and Earth Sciences and Origins Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Gibson, R.L., School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, P.O. Wits 2050, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, South Africa	Hypotheses proposed to explain the origin of pseudotachylite bodies formed during impact cratering include: (1) frictional heating, (2) shock loading, (3) decompression or (4) drainage of impact melt into target rocks. In order to differentiate among these processes, we conducted detailed geochemical and petrographic analysis of the matrices in pseudotachylitic veins and dikes and of their respective wall rocks. Our analyses indicate that the chemical compositions of matrices locally deviate significantly from their immediate wall rocks and that assimilation of wall rock has substantially modified the pseudotachylite matrix compositions in places. Variable magnitudes of assimilation can be explained by the surface area of wall rock or its fragments in contact with melt, as well as the initial temperature and cooling rate of the pseudotachylitic melt. Chemical trends observed can be explained either by admixture of an exotic melt component with immediate wall rock or by mixing of melts derived from local lithologies. Trends in the compositional deviation of centimetre to metre-wide pseudotachylite dikes from their immediate wall rocks are consistent with the presence of a primary melt component having granitoid composition akin to the average composition of Vredefort Granophyre dikes. Within veins, melt transport can be geochemically and petrographically traced for distances of centimetres to metres, with the direction of melt transport from larger pseudotachylite veins toward smaller ones and into apophyses. Sulphide and silicate mineralogy indicates that the initial temperature of pseudotachylitic melt must have been at least 1200-1700 °C. Collectively, these characteristics point to an allochthonous origin of pseudotachylitic melt. We advocate the possibility that impact melt from the initially superheated impact melt sheet contributed to the formation of pseudotachylite bodies at Vredefort. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	None	allochthony; chemical composition; crater; dike; geochemistry; mineralogy; petrography; pseudotachylite; silicate; sulfide; surface area; vein (geology); wall rock; Free State; South Africa; Vredefort Dome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84915774447	Impact of severe climate variability on lion home range and movement patterns in the Amboseli ecosystem, Kenya	Tuqa J.H., Funston P., Musyoki C., Ojwang G.O., Gichuki N.N., Bauer H.hans., Tamis W., Dolrenry S., Van't Zelfde M., de Snoo G.R., de Iongh H.H.	2014	Global Ecology and Conservation	2	None	10.1016/j.gecco.2014.07.006	Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, Leiden, Netherlands; Kenya Wildlife Service, P.O. Box, 40241-001000, Nairobi, Kenya; WildCRU, University of Oxford, Tubney, United Kingdom; School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box, 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Nature Conservation, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Lion Program, PantheraNY, United States; Panthera, Wisconsin Ave NW WashingtonDC, United States; Directorate of Resource Surveys and Remote Sensing (DRSRS), Nairobi. P.O. Box 47146-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Lion Guardians, P.O. Box 15550-00509, Nairobi, Kenya	Tuqa, J.H., Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, Leiden, Netherlands, Kenya Wildlife Service, P.O. Box, 40241-001000, Nairobi, Kenya; Funston, P., Department of Nature Conservation, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa, Lion Program, PantheraNY, United States, Panthera, Wisconsin Ave NW WashingtonDC, United States; Musyoki, C., Kenya Wildlife Service, P.O. Box, 40241-001000, Nairobi, Kenya; Ojwang, G.O., Directorate of Resource Surveys and Remote Sensing (DRSRS), Nairobi. P.O. Box 47146-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Gichuki, N.N., School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box, 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Bauer, H.hans., WildCRU, University of Oxford, Tubney, United Kingdom; Tamis, W., Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, Leiden, Netherlands; Dolrenry, S., Lion Guardians, P.O. Box 15550-00509, Nairobi, Kenya; Van't Zelfde, M., Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, Leiden, Netherlands; de Snoo, G.R., Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, Leiden, Netherlands; de Iongh, H.H., Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, Leiden, Netherlands	In this study, we were interested in understanding if droughts influence the home range of predators such as lions, and if it does, in what ways the droughts influenced lions to adjust their home range, in response to prey availability. We monitored movements of ten lions fitted with GPS-GSM collars in order to analyze their home range and movement patterns over a six year period (2007-2012). We assessed the impact of a severe drought on the lion home range and movement patterns in the Amboseli ecosystem. There was a strong positive correlation between the home range size and distance moved in 24h before and during the drought (2007-2009), while after the drought there was a significant negative correlation. A weak positive correlation was evident between the lion home range and rainfall amounts (2010-2012). The male and female home ranges varied over the study period. The home range size and movement patterns coincided with permanent swamps and areas of high prey density inside the protected area. Over the course of the dry season and following the drought, the ranges initially shrank and then expanded in response to decreasing prey densities. The lions spent considerable time outside the park boundaries, particularly after severe the drought. We conclude that under conditions of fragmented habitats, severe climate conditions create new challenges for lion conservation due to effects on prey availability and subsequent influences on carnivore species ranging patterns. Stochastic weather patterns can force wide-ranging species beyond current reserve boundaries, into areas where there will be greater conflicts with humans. © 2014 The Authors.	African lion; Climate change; Panthera leo	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84915820624	The impact of male contraception on dominance hierarchy and herd association patterns of African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in a fenced game reserve	Doughty L.S., Slater K., Zitzer H., Avent T., Thompson S.	2014	Global Ecology and Conservation	2	None	10.1016/j.gecco.2014.08.004	Spatial Ecology and Landuse Unit, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, United Kingdom; Operation Wallacea, Wallace House, Old Bolingbroke, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom; Space For Elephants Foundation, PO Box 972, Pongola, South Africa; Wildlife and Ecological Investments, Unit 20/21, Fountain Square, 136 Main Road, Somerset West, South Africa	Doughty, L.S., Spatial Ecology and Landuse Unit, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, United Kingdom; Slater, K., Operation Wallacea, Wallace House, Old Bolingbroke, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom; Zitzer, H., Space For Elephants Foundation, PO Box 972, Pongola, South Africa; Avent, T., Spatial Ecology and Landuse Unit, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, United Kingdom, Wildlife and Ecological Investments, Unit 20/21, Fountain Square, 136 Main Road, Somerset West, South Africa; Thompson, S., Spatial Ecology and Landuse Unit, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, United Kingdom	Overpopulation of African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in fenced reserves in South Africa is becoming increasingly problematic to wildlife managers. With growing opposition to culling and the high cost of translocation, alternative management strategies focusing on male elephants are being investigated. In this study, hormonal treatment via Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) suppression, and surgical treatment via vasectomy were trialled. Focusing on behavioural responses, we tested the male dominance hierarchy for transitivity, and examined the rank order of individuals in relation to age and contraceptive treatment received. Additionally, we studied association patterns between males within the male population and with the female herds. Findings suggest that the treatment of one individual with GnRH suppressant is affecting the rank order of the dominance hierarchy, though it is still transitive, yet fluid (Landau's linearity index h= 0.7), as expected in a normal elephant population. Between males, association patterns were found to be weak. However, some males had relatively strong associations with the female herds, with association indices between 0.25 and 0.41. This suggests that the reduction on births is resulting in the males spending atypically large amounts of time with the female herds. The future conservation implications of this population control mechanism are discussed. © 2014 The Authors.	African elephant; Association patterns; Contraception; Dominance; Population control; Social dynamics	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84944674410	Decision tools for coral reef managers: Using participatory decision support to integrate potential climate impacts and informed decision making	Fletcher P.J., Spranger M., Hendee J.C., Li Y., Clark M., Kiker G.A.	2015	Global Ecology and Conservation	4	None	10.1016/j.gecco.2015.09.003	University of Florida, Florida Sea Grant College Program, 803 McCarty Drive, Gainesville, FL, United States; University of Florida, Tropical Research and Education Center, Soil Water Science Department, 18905 Southwest 280th Street, Homestead, FL, United States; NOAA, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, United States; University of Florida, Family Youth and Community Sciences Department, PO Box 110310, Gainesville, FL, United States; University of Florida, Soil Water Science Department, 2181 McCarty Hall A, PO Box 110290, Gainesville, FL, United States; University of Florida, Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, PO Box 110570, Gainesville, FL, United States; University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, South Africa	Fletcher, P.J., University of Florida, Florida Sea Grant College Program, 803 McCarty Drive, Gainesville, FL, United States, University of Florida, Tropical Research and Education Center, Soil Water Science Department, 18905 Southwest 280th Street, Homestead, FL, United States, NOAA, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, United States; Spranger, M., University of Florida, Family Youth and Community Sciences Department, PO Box 110310, Gainesville, FL, United States; Hendee, J.C., NOAA, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, United States; Li, Y., University of Florida, Tropical Research and Education Center, Soil Water Science Department, 18905 Southwest 280th Street, Homestead, FL, United States; Clark, M., University of Florida, Soil Water Science Department, 2181 McCarty Hall A, PO Box 110290, Gainesville, FL, United States; Kiker, G.A., University of Florida, Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, PO Box 110570, Gainesville, FL, United States, University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, South Africa	The decline in coral reef health presents a complex management issue. While several causes of decline have been identified and are under continued study, it is often difficult to discern management actions necessary to address multiple near- and far-field stressors to these ecosystems. As a result, resource managers seek tools to improve the understanding of ecosystem condition and to develop management responses to reduce local and regional pressures in the wake of larger, global impacts. A research study conducted from 2010 to 2014 in southeast Florida, USA consisted of two objectives: (1) conduct a needs assessment survey with coral reef and marine resource managers to identify data needs and the preferred design and delivery of climate information; and (2) develop and evaluate prototype decision support tools. The needs assessment process was helpful for identifying the types of climate information managers would like to obtain to inform decision making and to specify the preferred format for the delivery of that information. Three prototype tools were evaluated by managers using pre/post surveys that included hands-on tutorials to explore the functionality of each. Manager responses were recorded using a five-point scale with 1 being No or Not Useful to 5 being Absolutely or Very Useful. The median responses rated the usefulness of the tools (4), if they would consider using the tool (4), and if they would recommend using the tool to other managers (4 or 5). The median response for increasing manager's knowledge about climate impacts after completing a tutorial of each of the climate tools was a 3 (moderately useful). Of the managers surveyed in the pre/post-survey, all but one stated they believed they would use the decision support tools in the future with the single response due to wealth of data availability in their institution. © 2015.	Coral reef management; Participatory decision support; Southeast Florida	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80055097988	Evaluation of the 16S and 12S rRNA genes as universal markers for the identification of commercial fish species in South Africa	Cawthorn D.-M., Steinman H.A., Witthuhn R.C.	2012	Gene	491	1	10.1016/j.gene.2011.09.009	Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Food and Allergy Consulting and Testing Services (F.A.C.T.S), P.O. Box 565, Milnerton, 7435, South Africa	Cawthorn, D.-M., Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Steinman, H.A., Food and Allergy Consulting and Testing Services (F.A.C.T.S), P.O. Box 565, Milnerton, 7435, South Africa; Witthuhn, R.C., Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	The development of DNA-based methods for the identification of fish species is important for fisheries research and control, as well as for the detection of unintentional or fraudulent species substitutions in the marketplace. The aim of this study was to generate a comprehensive reference database of DNA sequences from the mitochondrial 16S and 12S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes for 53 commercial fish species in South Africa and to evaluate the applicability of these genetic markers for the identification of fish at the species level. The DNA extracted from all target species was readily amplified using universal primers targeting both rRNA gene regions. Sequences from the 16S and 12S rRNA genes were submitted to GenBank for the first time for 34% and 53% of the fish species, respectively. Cumulative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed mean conspecific, congeneric and confamilial Kimura two parameter (K2P) distances of 0.03%, 0.70% and 5.10% and the corresponding values at the 12S level were 0.03%, 1.00% and 5.57%. K2P neighbour-joining trees based on both sequence datasets generally clustered species in accordance with their taxonomic classifications. The nucleotide variation in both the 16S and 12S sequences was suitable for identifying the large majority of the examined fish specimens to at least the level of genus, but was found to be less useful for the explicit differentiation of certain congeneric fish species. It is recommended that one or more faster-evolving DNA regions be analysed to confirm the identities of closely-related fish species in South Africa. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	Marine fishes; Mitochondrial DNA; Ribosomal genes; Sequence analysis; Species authentication; Species identification	ribosome RNA; RNA 12S; RNA 16S; animal tissue; article; DNA sequence; fish; gene sequence; genetic marker; nonhuman; nucleotide sequence; priority journal; South Africa; Animals; Biological Markers; Databases, Nucleic Acid; Fishes; Genes, rRNA; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; South Africa; Pisces	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951025712	Distribution and potential source evaluation of heavy metals in prominent soils of Accra Plains, Ghana	Eze P.N., Udeigwe T.K., Stietiya M.H.	2010	Geoderma	156	42433	10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.02.032	Department of Soil Science, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 245, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Northeast Research Station, Louisiana State University AgCenter, P.O. Box 438, St. Joseph, LA 71366, United States; School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University, 104 M.B. Sturgis Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States	Eze, P.N., Department of Soil Science, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 245, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Udeigwe, T.K., Northeast Research Station, Louisiana State University AgCenter, P.O. Box 438, St. Joseph, LA 71366, United States; Stietiya, M.H., School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University, 104 M.B. Sturgis Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States	Environmental contamination by heavy metals remains a major threat to health and agricultural productivity, particularly in developing countries. This study evaluated the distribution, controlling variables, and potential sources of heavy metals in the soils of the Legon hill catena, prominent soils of Accra Plains, Ghana, West Africa. Soil samples were collected from the profiles of five dominant soil series, comprising four Alfisols and one Vertisol, developed on different physiographic positions. Samples were characterized for various soil properties including total elemental analysis. Variations in major physical and chemical characteristics among the soils were chiefly attributed to physiographic position and parent materials. Dominant heavy metals and concentration ranges observed were Co (22.0-260 mg kg- 1), Cu (9.80-72.9 mg kg- 1), Ni (22.8-201 mg kg-1), Pb (9.30-45.0 mg kg- 1), and Zn (5.80-69.8 mg kg- 1), with averages of 76.8, 35.5, 66.3, 26.0, and 44.0 mg kg- 1, respectively. Except in a few occasions, the concentrations of these metals generally increased with depth. All the soils were dominated by SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3. Copper and Zn were positively correlated with Fe2O3 (R2 ≥ 0.67, P &lt; 0.001), but negatively correlated with SiO2 (R2 ≥ 0.71, P &lt; 0.001). Principal component and correlation analyses suggested that Cu, Pb, and Zn contents of this region could be of similar lithogenic origin, while Co and Ni were attributed to a different geogenic source. Evidence gathered from this study further suggested that the metal contents of these soils were generally below the maximum allowable limits set by most countries.	Depth distribution of metals; Desilication; Elemental composition; Parent materials; Topography	Agricultural productivity; Alfisols; Concentration ranges; Correlation analysis; Depth distribution; Desilication; Elemental analysis; Elemental compositions; Environmental contamination; Geogenic; Metal content; Parent materials; Physical and chemical characteristics; Potential sources; Principal Components; Soil property; Soil sample; Vertisols; West Africa; Zn content; Chemical analysis; Developing countries; Health risks; Lead; Metals; Principal component analysis; Productivity; Silicon compounds; Soil surveys; Zinc; Soils; agricultural production; Alfisol; correlation; developing world; health risk; heavy metal; parent material; physicochemical property; principal component analysis; soil pollution; soil property; topography; vertical distribution; Accra; Ghana; Greater Accra	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79958070993	Evaluation of soil quality identified by local farmers in Mai-Negus catchment, northern Ethiopia	Tesfahunegn G.B., Tamene L., Vlek P.L.G.	2011	Geoderma	163	42433	10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.04.016	Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany; Aksum University, Faculty of Agriculture and Rural Development, P.O. Box 287, Aksum, Ethiopia; International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Chitedze Agricultural Research Station, P.O. Box 158, Lilongwe, Malawi	Tesfahunegn, G.B., Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany, Aksum University, Faculty of Agriculture and Rural Development, P.O. Box 287, Aksum, Ethiopia; Tamene, L., International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Chitedze Agricultural Research Station, P.O. Box 158, Lilongwe, Malawi; Vlek, P.L.G., Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany	Though soil quality (SQ) degradation is a serious challenge to national food security, little information is available that evaluate farmer SQ knowledge vis-à-vis scientific knowledge at catchment scale in Ethiopia. Scientific soil analysis is not an effective approach for SQ assessment in developing regions. An alternative option to evaluate using farmer knowledge is thus necessary but this can be sound after verified scientifically in the context of each region. The present study aims to evaluate SQ status (categories) identified by local farmers using scientific soil measurements, and assess their potential as indicators of soil degradation for decision making in the Mai-Negus catchment, northern Ethiopia. In this study, the scientifically measured soil attributes significantly differed (P ≤ 0.05) among the SQ categories identified by the local farmers. Using variables retained in the four identified component factors, discriminant analysis identified soil porosity to be the most powerful variable that can help discriminate the SQ status. The study shows that farmer derived SQ status (low, medium, high) could be crucial in providing basis for management and policy decision making as validated by analytical components. Therefore, attention should be given toward integrating farmer knowledge in SQ management to increase chance of technology adoption by farmers. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	Local farmer; Mai-Negus catchment; Northern Ethiopia; Soil attributes; Soil quality; Soil quality status	Catchment scale; Developing regions; Ethiopia; Farmer knowledge; Local farmer; Mai-Negus catchment; National Foods; Northern Ethiopia; Policy decisions; Scientific knowledge; Soil analysis; Soil degradation; Soil measurement; Soil Porosity; Soil quality; Technology adoption; Agriculture; Catchments; Decision making; Degradation; Discriminant analysis; Food supply; Rating; Runoff; Soils; Quality control; agricultural worker; catchment; farmers knowledge; food security; policy making; soil analysis; soil degradation; soil property; soil quality; technology adoption; Ethiopia; Tigray	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857975408	Land degradation impact on soil carbon losses through water erosion and CO 2 emissions	Mchunu C., Chaplot V.	2012	Geoderma	None	None	10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.01.038	Soil Fertility and Analytical Services, KwaZulu-Natal Department of Agriculture and Environmental Affairs, Private Bag X 9059, Pietermaritzburg, 3200, South Africa; IRD - BIOEMCO c/o School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, Rabie Saunders Building, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Box X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa	Mchunu, C., Soil Fertility and Analytical Services, KwaZulu-Natal Department of Agriculture and Environmental Affairs, Private Bag X 9059, Pietermaritzburg, 3200, South Africa; Chaplot, V., IRD - BIOEMCO c/o School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, Rabie Saunders Building, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Box X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa	Worldwide concerns with global change and its effects on our future environment require an improved understanding of the impact of land cover changes on the global C cycle. Overgrazing causes a reduction in plant cover with accepted consequences on soil infiltration and soil erosion, yet the impact on the loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) and its associated processes remain unaccounted for. In this study performed in South Africa, our main objective was to evaluate the impact of plant cover reduction on (i) SOC erosion by water in both particulate (POC) and dissolved (DOC) forms, and (ii) soil CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere. The study performed under sandy-loam Acrisols investigated three proportions of soil surface coverage by plants (Cov), from 100% (Cov100) for the "non-degraded" treatment to 25-50% (Cov50) and 0-5% (Cov5). POC and DOC losses were evaluated using an artificial rainfall of 30mmh -1 applied for a period of 30min on bounded 1×1m 2 microplots (n=3 per treatment). CO 2 emissions from undisturbed soil samples (n=9) were evaluated continuously at the laboratory over a 6-month period. At the "non-degraded" treatment of Cov100, plant-C inputs to the soil profile were 1950±180gCm -2y -1 and SOC stocks in the 0-0.02m layer were 300.6±16.2gCm -2. While soil-C inputs by plants significantly (P&lt;0.05 level) decreased by 38.5±3.5% at Cov50 and by 75.4±6.9% at Cov5, SOC, the losses by water erosion of 0.75gCm -2 at Cov100 increased from 66% at Cov50 (i.e. 3.76±1.8gCm -2) to a staggering 213% at Cov5 (i.e. 7.08±2.9gCm -2). These losses were for the most part in particulate form (from 88.0% for Cov100 to 98.7% for Cov5). Plant cover reduction significantly decreased both the cumulative C-CO 2 emissions (by 68% at Cov50 and 69% at Cov5) and the mineralization rate of the soil organic matter (from 0.039 gC-CO 2gC -1 at Cov100 to 0.031gC-CO 2gC -1 at Cov5). These results are expected to increase our understanding of the impact of land degradation on the global C cycle. Further in-situ research studies, however, need to investigate whether or not grassland degradation induces net C-emissions to the atmosphere. © 2012 Elsevier B.V..	Global c Cycle; Land use change; Particulate and dissolved SOC forms; South africa; Water erosion	Global c Cycle; Land use change; Particulate and dissolved SOC forms; South Africa; Water erosion; Air pollution; Erosion; Forestry; Rating; Soils; Vegetation; Carbon dioxide; Acrisol; air-soil interaction; carbon cycle; carbon dioxide; carbon emission; infiltration; land degradation; land use change; mineralization; overgrazing; rainfall; sandy loam; soil carbon; soil emission; soil erosion; soil organic matter; soil profile; soil surface; vegetation cover; water erosion; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888200858	Quantitative clay mineralogy of a Vertic Planosol in southwestern Ethiopia: Impact on soil formation hypotheses	Dumon M., Tolossa A.R., Capon B., Detavernier C., Van Ranst E.	2014	Geoderma	None	None	10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.09.012	Department of Geology and Soil Science (WE13), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Natural Resources Management, Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Ethiopia; Department of Solid State Sciences (WE04), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium	Dumon, M., Department of Geology and Soil Science (WE13), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Tolossa, A.R., Department of Geology and Soil Science (WE13), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Natural Resources Management, Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Ethiopia; Capon, B., Department of Solid State Sciences (WE04), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Detavernier, C., Department of Solid State Sciences (WE04), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Van Ranst, E., Department of Geology and Soil Science (WE13), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium	Planosols, characterised by a bleached, silt-textured surface horizon abruptly overlying a dense, clayey subsoil, are a very common soil type in Ethiopia. The origin of the abrupt textural change is still often debated in literature. One of the processes frequently put forward to explain the coarse textured material in the topsoil is 'ferrolysis': an oxidation-reduction sequence driven by bacterial decomposition of soil organic matter, resulting in the destruction of open 2:1 clay minerals. Recent studies of representative profiles of Vertic Planosols in south-western Ethiopia indicate that these soils are composed of a weathered volcanic ash layer deposited on top of a deflated vertic subsoil, which refutes the ferrolysis hypothesis. To strengthen the geogenetic origin of these profiles, a quantitative mineralogical analysis of the clay fraction was undertaken.Results of a sequential fractionation revealed a strong aggregation of clay particles in the bleached horizon, while the effect of aggregation was far more limited in the vertic horizon. This is believed to be related to the dispersed, impregnative nature of iron oxides in the bleached horizon, compared to the segregated nature of the sharp, nodular concretions found in the vertic horizon. The annealing XRD analysis revealed only minor changes in dehydroxylation temperatures of kaolinites and 2:1 minerals between untreated and DCB-treated samples, indicating that the pretreatment did not significantly alter the mineral lattices. Multi-specimen, full-profile fitting of XRD patterns revealed no large quantitative differences between sub-fractions of the bleached and vertic horizons, although a net increase of 1:1 layers over 2:1 layers towards the top of the profile can be observed in the bleached horizon. This could be interpreted as the result of neo-formation of kaolinite. The main mineralogical differences between the bleached and vertic horizons of the <. 2. μm fraction are mainly a result of the different proportions of sub-fractions. Interestingly, the <. 0.05. μm fraction seems to be dominated by a complex assemblage of kaolinite and smectite mixed-layer minerals. The obtained detailed view on the mineralogical composition of the clay fraction of a typical Vertic Planosol has provided new insights in the complex nature of these duplex soils, confirming ferrolysis not to be at the origin of the abrupt textural change. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Clay mineralogy; Ethiopia; Ferrolysis; Fractionation; Planosol; Quantitative	Clay mineralogy; Ethiopia; Ferrolysis; Planosol; Quantitative; Agglomeration; Cleaning; Fractionation; Kaolinite; Minerals; Soils; Bleaching; clay mineral; fractionation; Planosol; quantitative analysis; silt; soil horizon; soil organic matter; soil texture; soil type; subsoil; volcanic ash; X-ray diffraction; Ethiopia; Bacteria (microorganisms)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907379871	Land degradation impact on soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks of sub-tropical humid grasslands in South Africa	Dlamini P., Chivenge P., Manson A., Chaplot V.	2014	Geoderma	None	None	10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.07.016	School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Water Resources Research, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Rabie Saunders Building, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; KwaZulu-Natal Department of Agriculture and Environmental Affairs, Private Bag X9059, Pietermaritzburg 3200, South Africa; IRD-LOCEAN c/o School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Water Resources Research, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Rabie Saunders Building, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Dlamini, P., School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Water Resources Research, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Rabie Saunders Building, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Chivenge, P., School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Water Resources Research, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Rabie Saunders Building, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Manson, A., KwaZulu-Natal Department of Agriculture and Environmental Affairs, Private Bag X9059, Pietermaritzburg 3200, South Africa; Chaplot, V., School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Water Resources Research, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Rabie Saunders Building, Scottsville 3209, South Africa, IRD-LOCEAN c/o School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Water Resources Research, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Rabie Saunders Building, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Land degradation is recognized as a main environmental problem that adversely depletes soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (SON) stocks, which in turn directly affects soils, their fertility, productivity and overall quality. While it is expanding worldwide at rapid pace, quantitative information on the impact of land degradation on the depletion of SOC and SON stocks remains largely unavailable, limiting the ability to predict the impacts of land management on the C losses to the atmosphere and associated global warming. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the consequences of a decrease in grass aerial cover on SOC and SON stocks. A degraded grassland showing an aerial cover gradient from 100% (Cov100, corresponding to a non-degraded grassland) to 50-75% (Cov75), 25-50% (Cov50) and 0-5% (Cov5, corresponding to a heavily degraded grassland), was selected in South Africa. Soil samples were collected in the 0.05m soil layer at 48 locations along the aerial cover gradient and were subsequently separated into the clay+silt (2-20μm) and sand (20-2000μm) fractions, prior to total C and N analysis (n=288). The decline in grass aerial cover from 100% to 0-5% had a significant (P&lt;0.05) impact on SOC and SON stocks, with losses by as much as 1.25kgm-2 for SOC and 0.074kgm-2 for SON, which corresponded to depletion rates of 89 and 76%, respectively. Furthermore, both the C:N ratio and the proportion of SOC and SON in the silt+clay fraction declined with grass aerial cover, which was indicative of a preferential loss of easily decomposable organic matter. The staggering decline in SOC and SON stocks raises concerns about the ability of these acidic sandy loam soils to sustain their main ecosystem functions. The associated decrease in chemical elements (e.g., Ca by a maximum of 67%; Mn, 77%; Cu, 66%; and Zn, 82%) was finally used to discuss the mechanisms at stake in land degradation and the associated stock depletion of SOC and SON stocks, a prerequisite to land rehabilitation and stock replenishment. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Carbon cycle; Climate change; Ecosystems; Pasture; Rangeland	Chemical elements; Climate change; Global warming; Nitrogen; Silt; Carbon cycles; Ecosystem functions; Environmental problems; Pasture; Quantitative information; Rangeland; Soil organic carbon; Soil organic carbon and nitrogen; Ecosystems; acid soil; grassland; humid environment; land degradation; nutrient loss; organic carbon; soil chemistry; soil organic matter; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33645886054	Icelandic jökulhlaup impacts: Implications for ice-sheet hydrology, sediment transfer and geomorphology	Russell A.J., Roberts M.J., Fay H., Marren P.M., Cassidy N.J., Tweed F.S., Harris T.	2006	Geomorphology	75	1-2 SPEC. ISS.	10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.05.018	School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, University of Newcastle, Daysh Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom; Research Section, Physics Department, Icelandic Meteorological Office (Veurstofa Íslands), Iceland; Department of Geography, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, United Kingdom; School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, South Africa; School of Earth Sciences and Geography, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom; Department of Geography, Staffordshire University, College Road, Staffordshire ST4 2DE, United Kingdom	Russell, A.J., School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, University of Newcastle, Daysh Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom; Roberts, M.J., Research Section, Physics Department, Icelandic Meteorological Office (Veurstofa Íslands), Iceland; Fay, H., Department of Geography, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, United Kingdom; Marren, P.M., School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, South Africa; Cassidy, N.J., School of Earth Sciences and Geography, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom; Tweed, F.S., Department of Geography, Staffordshire University, College Road, Staffordshire ST4 2DE, United Kingdom; Harris, T., Department of Geography, Staffordshire University, College Road, Staffordshire ST4 2DE, United Kingdom	Glaciers and ice sheets erode, entrain, and deposit massive quantities of debris. Fluxes of subglacial meltwater exert a fundamental control on ice dynamics and sediment transport budgets. Within many glacial systems outburst floods (jökulhlaups) constitute high magnitude, high frequency fluxes of meltwater relative to normal ablation controlled discharge. This paper presents a synthesis of research on recent Icelandic jökulhlaups and their geomorphological and sedimentary impact. We identify jökulhlaup impacts within subglacial, englacial and proglacial settings and discuss their wider significance for ice sheet hydrology, sediment transfer and geomorphology. Because jökulhlaups erode, deposit, and re-work sediment simultaneously, they usually cause significant glaciological and sedimentological impacts. Jökulhlaups that propagate as subglacial flood waves often produce widespread hydromechanical disruption at the glacier base. Recent Icelandic jökulhlaups have been recognised as highly efficient agents of reworking subglacial sediment and glacial sediment entrainment. Models of jökulhlaup impact, therefore, need to encompass the sub- and englacial environment in addition to the proglacial zone where research has traditionally been focussed. Most jökulhlaups transport sediment to proglacial sandar, and often directly to oceans where preservation potential of the impact is greater. Proglacial jökulhlaup deposits form distinctive sedimentary assemblages, coupled with suites of high-energy erosional landforms. This study of modern jökulhlaup processes and sedimentary products may be useful for the interpretation of meltwater processes associated with Quaternary ice sheets. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Englacial and Subglacial deposition; Ice sheets; Iceland; Jökulhlaups; Outwash; Proglacial; Sediment transfer; Subglacial erosion	geomorphology; glacial hydrology; glacier; ice sheet; sediment transport	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-62949135660	Late Quaternary dynamics of a South African floodplain wetland and the implications for assessing recent human impacts	Tooth S., Rodnight H., McCarthy T.S., Duller G.A.T., Grundling A.T.	2009	Geomorphology	106	42433	10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.11.009	Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion SY23 3DB, United Kingdom; School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Wits 2050, South Africa; Agricultural Research Council, Institute for Soil, Climate and Water, Private Bag X79, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Tooth, S., Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion SY23 3DB, United Kingdom; Rodnight, H., Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion SY23 3DB, United Kingdom; McCarthy, T.S., School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Wits 2050, South Africa; Duller, G.A.T., Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion SY23 3DB, United Kingdom; Grundling, A.T., Agricultural Research Council, Institute for Soil, Climate and Water, Private Bag X79, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Knowledge of the long-term geomorphological dynamics of wetlands is limited, so currently there is an inadequate scientific basis for assessing anthropogenically induced changes and for developing conservation, remediation, and/or sustainable management guidelines for these fragile ecosystems. Along the upper Klip River, eastern South Africa, geomorphological and sedimentological investigations, geochronology, and remote sensing have been used to establish the late Quaternary dynamics of some internationally important floodplain wetlands, thus providing a reference condition against which to assess the extent of recent human impacts. Optically stimulated luminescence dating reveals that the wetlands have developed over at least the last 30 ky as a result of slow meander migration (&lt; 0.2 m y- 1), irregular cutoff events, and infrequent avulsions (approximately one every 3-6 ky) that have occurred autogenically as a natural part of meander-belt development. Following European settlement in the Klip valley (late nineteenth century), however, modifications to local flora and fauna, as well as the initiation of local wetland drainage schemes, have had major impacts. In particular, proliferation of exotic willows and associated debris jams, and the artificial excavation of a 1.2-km-long channel section across the wetlands have initiated an ongoing avulsion that is characterised by failure (gradual abandonment) of the main channel and rapid incision of a headcutting channel. Compared to the pre-settlement condition, little change in lateral migration activity has occurred, but this avulsion provides a clear example of anthropogenically accelerated change, occurring only ~ 1 ky after the last natural avulsion and in a part of the wetlands where avulsions have not occurred previously. Subsequent human interventions have included installing weirs in an attempt to control the resulting erosion and promote reflooding, but ongoing maintenance has been required. In areas that were not glaciated during the Quaternary, many other floodplain wetlands may be of similar antiquity, but the Klip River illustrates their sensitivity to direct and indirect human impacts. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Avulsion; Floodplain; Human impact; Meander; Quaternary; Wetland	anthropogenic effect; avulsion; floodplain; human activity; meander; Quaternary; wetland; Africa; Klip River; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Salix	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052431099	Calibration and resolution effects on model performance for predicting shallow landslide locations in Taiwan	Keijsers J.G.S., Schoorl J.M., Chang K.-T., Chiang S.-H., Claessens L., Veldkamp A.	2011	Geomorphology	133	04-Mar	10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.03.020	Land Dynamics Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands; Kainan University, Taoyuan County 33857, Taiwan; Department of Geography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan; International Potato Center, P.O. Box 25171, 00603 Nairobi, Kenya; ITC, Twente University, P.O. Box, 7500 AA Enschede, Netherlands	Keijsers, J.G.S., Land Dynamics Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands; Schoorl, J.M., Land Dynamics Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands; Chang, K.-T., Kainan University, Taoyuan County 33857, Taiwan, Department of Geography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan; Chiang, S.-H., Department of Geography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan; Claessens, L., Land Dynamics Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands, International Potato Center, P.O. Box 25171, 00603 Nairobi, Kenya; Veldkamp, A., Land Dynamics Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands, ITC, Twente University, P.O. Box, 7500 AA Enschede, Netherlands	In this paper we optimise the spatially explicit prediction of landslide hazard, landslide triggering and subsequent movement downslope of materials for a mountainous catchment in Taiwan. The location prediction is optimised by subsequently adding three location parameters: rainfall distribution, land-use classes and DEM derived slopes. Then the three most important model parameters are calibrated to find the best prediction for both stable and unstable areas. The landslides predicted by the LAPSUS-LS model are compared with a landslide inventory to validate the output. The optimal model settings for the calibration area are then applied to a validation area. Results show that model performance can be improved by adding the spatial distribution of rainfall and by stratifying according to land-use classes. Landslide prediction is better with fine resolution DEMs, mainly because the local topography is smoothed in coarser resolutions. Although in general the amount of landslides is over-predicted, the overall performance indicates that the model is able to capture the important factors determining landslide location. Additional spatially distributed data such as regolith or soil depth and regeneration rates of the legacy effect can further enhance the model's prediction. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	Digital elevation model; Land use; Landslide modelling; Model calibration; Rainfall distribution	calibration; digital elevation model; hazard assessment; land use change; landslide; model validation; performance assessment; precipitation intensity; prediction; slope dynamics; slope stability; trigger mechanism; Taiwan	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870254863	Human impact on sediment fluxes within the Blue Nile and Atbara River basins	Balthazar V., Vanacker V., Girma A., Poesen J., Golla S.	2013	Geomorphology	None	None	10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.10.013	Georges Lemaître Centre for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute, University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Department of Land Resource Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; Hydrology Department, Ministry of Water Resources, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia	Balthazar, V., Georges Lemaître Centre for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute, University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Vanacker, V., Georges Lemaître Centre for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute, University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Girma, A., Department of Land Resource Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Poesen, J., Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; Golla, S., Hydrology Department, Ministry of Water Resources, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia	A regional assessment of the spatial variability in sediment yields allows filling the gap between detailed, process-based understanding of erosion at field scale and empirical sediment flux models at global scale. In this paper, we focus on the intrabasin variability in sediment yield within the Blue Nile and Atbara basins as biophysical and anthropogenic factors are presumably acting together to accelerate soil erosion. The Blue Nile and Atbara River systems are characterized by an important spatial variability in sediment fluxes, with area-specific sediment yield (SSY) values ranging between 4 and 4935t/km2/y. Statistical analyses show that 41% of the observed variation in SSY can be explained by remote sensing proxy data of surface vegetation cover, rainfall intensity, mean annual temperature, and human impact. The comparison of a locally adapted regression model with global predictive sediment flux models indicates that global flux models such as the ART and BQART models are less suited to capture the spatial variability in area-specific sediment yields (SSY), but they are very efficient to predict absolute sediment yields (SY). We developed a modified version of the BQART model that estimates the human influence on sediment yield based on a high resolution composite measure of local human impact (human footprint index) instead of countrywide estimates of GNP/capita. Our modified version of the BQART is able to explain 80% of the observed variation in SY for the Blue Nile and Atbara basins and thereby performs only slightly less than locally adapted regression models. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	Blue-Nile/Atbara system; BQART; Human footprint; Regional scale; Sediment yield; Soil erosion	anthropogenic effect; numerical model; sediment transport; sediment yield; soil erosion; spatial variation; Blue Nile [Nile River]; Nile River	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873722660	Impact of terrain attributes, parent material and soil types on gully erosion	Chaplot V.	2013	Geomorphology	186	None	10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.10.031	IRD-BIOEMCO c/o School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Rabie Saunders Building, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa	Chaplot, V., IRD-BIOEMCO c/o School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Rabie Saunders Building, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa	Gully erosion is a worldwide matter of concern because of the irreversible losses of fertile land, which often have severe environmental, economic and social consequences. While most of the studies on the gullying process have investigated the involved mechanisms (either overland flow incision, seepage or piping erosion), only few have been conducted on the controlling factors of gully wall retreat, an important, if not the dominant, land degradation process and sediment source in river systems. In a representative 4.4km2 degraded area of the Drakensberg foothills (South Africa) the main objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the rate of gully bank retreat (GBR) and parent material, soil types and selected terrain attributes (elevation, specific drainage area, mean slope gradient, slope length factor, stream power index, compound topographic index and slope curvatures). The survey of gully bank retreat was performed during an entire hydrological year, from September 2007 to September 2008, using a network of pins (n=440 from 110 pits). Both the gully contours and pin coordinates were determined, using a GPS with a 0.5m horizontal accuracy (n=20,120). The information on the parent material and the soil types was obtained from field observations complemented by laboratory analysis, while terrain attributes were extracted from a 20m DEM generated from 5m interval contour lines. The average GBR value for the 6512m of gully banks found in the area was 0.049±0.0013my-1, which, considering bank height and soil bulk density, corresponded to an erosion rate of 2.30tonha-1y-1. There was no significant difference in GBR between sandstone and dolerite and between Acrisols and Luvisols. Despite a weak one-to-one correlation with the selected terrain attributes (r&lt;0.2), a principal component analysis (PCA), the first two axes of which explained 68% of the data variability, pointed out that GBR was the highest at hillslope inflexion points (profile and plan slope curvatures close to zero), in the vicinity of the head cuts and for drainage areas up to 500m2, as both situations experience a high removal rate of the soil material produced from the gully bank collapse and protecting gullies from laterally retreating. These results could be used to digitally map the more active gully banks for the improved implementation of preventive measures of gully growth, if high resolution DEMs are available. There remained, however, a certain amount of unexplained variability in the data, that further research studies on the mechanisms and associated factors of control of GBR could help to address. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	Digital mapping; Land degradation; Soil erosion; Water movement	digital elevation model; digital mapping; GPS; gully erosion; land degradation; parent material; soil erosion; soil type; terrain; Drakensberg	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876099147	Landslide model performance in a high resolution small-scale landscape	De Sy V., Schoorl J.M., Keesstra S.D., Jones K.E., Claessens L.	2013	Geomorphology	190	None	10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.02.012	Soil Geography and Landscape group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands; Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands; School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand; International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), P.O. Box 39063, 00623 Nairobi, Kenya	De Sy, V., Soil Geography and Landscape group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands, Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands; Schoorl, J.M., Soil Geography and Landscape group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands; Keesstra, S.D., Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands; Jones, K.E., School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand; Claessens, L., Soil Geography and Landscape group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), P.O. Box 39063, 00623 Nairobi, Kenya	The frequency and severity of shallow landslides in New Zealand threatens life and property, both on- and off-site. The physically-based shallow landslide model LAPSUS-LS is tested for its performance in simulating shallow landslide locations induced by a high intensity rain event in a small-scale landscape. Furthermore, the effect of high resolution digital elevation models on the performance was tested. The performance of the model was optimised by calibrating different parameter values. A satisfactory result was achieved with a high resolution (1. m) DEM. Landslides, however, were generally predicted lower on the slope than mapped erosion scars. This discrepancy could be due to i) inaccuracies in the DEM or in other model input data such as soil strength properties; ii) relevant processes for this environmental context that are not included in the model; or iii) the limited validity of the infinite length assumption in the infinite slope stability model embedded in the LAPSUS-LS. The trade-off between a correct prediction of landslides versus stable cells becomes increasingly worse with coarser resolutions; and model performance decreases mainly due to altering slope characteristics. The optimal parameter combinations differ per resolution. In this environmental context the 1. m resolution topography resembles actual topography most closely and landslide locations are better distinguished from stable areas than for coarser resolutions. More gain in model performance could be achieved by adding landslide process complexities and parameter heterogeneity of the catchment. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	DEM resolution; Landslide locations; LAPSUS-LS; Model performance; New Zealand	digital elevation model; hazard assessment; landslide; slope stability; spatial resolution; New Zealand	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886595547	The impact of post gold mining on mercury pollution in the West Rand region, Gauteng, South Africa	Lusilao-Makiese J.G., Cukrowska E.M., Tessier E., Amouroux D., Weiersbye I.	2013	Journal of Geochemical Exploration	134	None	10.1016/j.gexplo.2013.08.010	Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, P.Bag X3, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa; Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Bio-Inorganique et Environnement (LCABIE-IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, France; School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences (APES), University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa	Lusilao-Makiese, J.G., Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, P.Bag X3, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa; Cukrowska, E.M., Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, P.Bag X3, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa; Tessier, E., Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Bio-Inorganique et Environnement (LCABIE-IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, France; Amouroux, D., Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Bio-Inorganique et Environnement (LCABIE-IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, France; Weiersbye, I., School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences (APES), University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa	The impact of historical use of mercury (Hg) for the extraction of gold was assessed in watersheds from an abandoned mine in Randfonetin, a town located at 45km west of Johannesburg (South Africa), which has a long history of gold mining, and its surroundings. The majority of analyzed waters at the site were acidic with pH ranging between 2.9 and 5.0. Elevated total Hg concentrations (HgTOT) were measured in waters (up to 223ngHgL-1; mean: 52ngHgL-1) as well as in surface sediments (up to 2580μgHgkg-1; mean: 970μgHgkg-1) from the old mine site. The Krugersdorp Game Reserve watersheds which are directly downstream from the mine drainage appear to become impacted by the pollution from historic gold mines. The high HgTOT measured in a borehole (223ngHgL-1) suggests a groundwater contamination in the area.Hg transported downstream from the mine site is also susceptible to methylation. Relatively high CH3Hg+ (MHg) values were measured in waters (up to 2ngMHgL-1) and surface sediments (up to 10μgMHgkg-1) with significant enrichment in bulk sediments. The methylation of Hg seems to be controlled by factors such as the inorganic Hg content, redox potential and the organic matter content.Sequential extraction procedures together with geochemical modeling have demonstrated the predominance of nonsoluble Hg species (91-95%) in studied soils and the existence of a number of Hg species in watersheds. Diverse mechanisms were proposed to explain both vertical and horizontal transport of Hg at the site. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Gold mining; Mercury; Modeling; Speciation	Extraction of golds; Extraction procedure; Geochemical modeling; Gold mining; Groundwater contamination; Horizontal transport; Speciation; Surface sediments; Alkylation; Extraction; Gold; Groundwater; Mercury (metal); Methylation; Models; Redox reactions; Surficial sediments; Water pollution; Watersheds; Gold mines; abandoned mine; acid mine drainage; environmental impact; gold mine; groundwater pollution; mercury (element); mining; modeling; pollutant transport; speciation (chemistry); Gauteng; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79954994398	The e-Government evaluation challenge: A South African Batho Pele-aligned service quality approach	Kaisara G., Pather S.	2011	Government Information Quarterly	28	2	10.1016/j.giq.2010.07.008	Faculty of Business, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa; Faculty of Informatics and Design, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa	Kaisara, G., Faculty of Business, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa; Pather, S., Faculty of Informatics and Design, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa	Over the past decade, governments have embarked on major Information and Communication Technology (ICT) investments in an attempt to take advantage of the benefits of the internet in extending the channels by which services are provided to their respective citizenries. With the increasing reliance on ICTs, one of the challenges facing public sector managers is how to evaluate the success or effectiveness of their ICT investments. Given the citizen-focused objectives of governments, service quality approaches offer a suitable frame for evaluating ICT effectiveness. This paper therefore extends current e-Service quality research into the e-Government domain. The paper reports on the development of a multi-item instrument for evaluating the e-Service quality constructs of an e-Government website in South Africa. The development of this instrument also takes into account the service delivery principles which have been adopted by the South African government viz. the Batho Pele program. The study shows that there are six service quality dimensions applicable in e-Government evaluation, viz. website design, navigation, communication, site aesthetics, information quality, and security. The generic instrument allows practitioners to modify and utilise it according to their needs. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.	Batho Pele; E-Government; ICT; Information Systems; Internet; Service quality; South Africa; Website evaluation	None	None
None	None	Murky water: Analyzing risk perception and stakeholder vulnerability related to sewage impacts in mangroves of East Africa	Crona B.I., Rönnbäck P., Jiddawi N., Ochiewo J., Maghimbi S., Bandeira S.	2009	Global Environmental Change	19	2	10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2009.01.001	The Center for the Study of Institutional Diversity, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, United States; Dept. Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, Sweden; Stockholm Resilience Center, Stockholm University, Sweden; Institute of Marine Science, Zanzibar, Tanzania; Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Kenya; Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Mozambique	Crona, B.I., The Center for the Study of Institutional Diversity, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, United States, Dept. Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, Sweden, Stockholm Resilience Center, Stockholm University, Sweden; Rönnbäck, P., Dept. Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, Sweden, Stockholm Resilience Center, Stockholm University, Sweden; Jiddawi, N., Institute of Marine Science, Zanzibar, Tanzania; Ochiewo, J., Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Kenya; Maghimbi, S., Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Bandeira, S., Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Mozambique	Coastal cities in East Africa are growing rapidly and consequently there is a rapid increase in urban sewage production, putting added pressure on already strained treatment systems. As a result, peri-urban mangroves are receiving extensive amounts of sewage but very little is know as to the ecological and societal consequences of this. However, UNEP among others advocate the use of low-cost, natural sewage treatment technology whenever possible and mangroves have been suggested as useful second stage biofilters. Because of the high resource dependency in many peri-urban coastal communities in East Africa, it is imperative to investigate potential societal impacts on local communities using sewage impacted peri-urban mangroves. Consequently this paper aims to characterize stakeholder groups currently affected by sewage impacted mangroves and thus also map vulnerabilities across local users in relation to future initiatives to use mangroves as biofilters along the East African coast. As risk perception is an important part of vulnerability, and risk perception related to sewage and pollution in an African setting has been little studied, we also aim to contribute baseline data on risk perception related to pollution across peri-urban populations in Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	East Africa; Mangroves; Risk perception; Sewage; Vulnerability	biofiltration; coastal zone; mangrove; risk perception; sewage treatment; vulnerability; Africa; East Africa; Kenya; Mozambique; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tanzania; Rhizophoraceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856005905	Vulnerability of coastal communities to key impacts of climate change on coral reef fisheries	Cinner J.E., McClanahan T.R., Graham N.A.J., Daw T.M., Maina J., Stead S.M., Wamukota A., Brown K., Bodin O.	2012	Global Environmental Change	22	1	10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.09.018	Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; Wildlife Conservation Society, Marine Program, Bronx, NY 10460-1099, United States; School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom; Coral Reef Conservation Project, Mombasa, Kenya; Computational Ecology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; School of Marine Science and Technology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom; Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom; Stockholm Resilience Center, Stockholm University, Sweden; Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, Sweden	Cinner, J.E., Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; McClanahan, T.R., Wildlife Conservation Society, Marine Program, Bronx, NY 10460-1099, United States; Graham, N.A.J., Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; Daw, T.M., School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom; Maina, J., Coral Reef Conservation Project, Mombasa, Kenya, Computational Ecology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; Stead, S.M., School of Marine Science and Technology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom; Wamukota, A., Coral Reef Conservation Project, Mombasa, Kenya; Brown, K., School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom; Bodin, O., Stockholm Resilience Center, Stockholm University, Sweden, Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, Sweden	Coral reefs support the livelihood of millions of people especially those engaged in marine fisheries activities. Coral reefs are highly vulnerable to climate change induced stresses that have led to substantial coral mortality over large spatial scales. Such climate change impacts have the potential to lead to declines in marine fish production and compromise the livelihoods of fisheries dependent communities. Yet few studies have examined social vulnerability in the context of changes specific to coral reef ecosystems. In this paper, we examine three dimensions of vulnerability (exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity) of 29 coastal communities across five western Indian Ocean countries to the impacts of coral bleaching on fishery returns. A key contribution is the development of a novel, network-based approach to examining sensitivity to changes in the fishery that incorporates linkages between fishery and non-fishery occupations. We find that key sources of vulnerability differ considerably within and between the five countries. Our approach allows the visualization of how these dimensions of vulnerability differ from site to site, providing important insights into the types of nuanced policy interventions that may help to reduce vulnerability at a specific location. To complement this, we develop framework of policy actions thought to reduce different aspects of vulnerability at varying spatial and temporal scales. Although our results are specific to reef fisheries impacts from coral bleaching, this approach provides a framework for other types of threats and different social-ecological systems more broadly. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	Coral bleaching; Coral reef; Fisheries; Global climate change; Resilience; Social-ecological systems; Vulnerability	climate change; coastal zone; coral; coral bleaching; coral reef; economic impact; environmental stress; fishery economics; fishery production; global change; mortality; nature-society relations; policy approach; vulnerability; Indian Ocean; Indian Ocean (West); Anthozoa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872616856	Floods and livelihoods: The impact of changing water resources on wetland agro-ecological production systems in the Tana River Delta, Kenya	Leauthaud C., Duvail S., Hamerlynck O., Paul J.-L., Cochet H., Nyunja J., Albergel J., Grünberger O.	2013	Global Environmental Change	23	1	10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.09.003	IRD, UMR LISAH, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France; Kenya Wetland Biodiversity Research Team (KENWEB), Kenya; IRD, UMR 208 Patrimoines Locaux (PALOC), France; Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom; AgroParisTech, Comparative Agriculture and Agricultural Development Research Unit, Paris, France; KWS, Nairobi, Kenya	Leauthaud, C., IRD, UMR LISAH, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France, Kenya Wetland Biodiversity Research Team (KENWEB), Kenya; Duvail, S., Kenya Wetland Biodiversity Research Team (KENWEB), Kenya, IRD, UMR 208 Patrimoines Locaux (PALOC), France; Hamerlynck, O., Kenya Wetland Biodiversity Research Team (KENWEB), Kenya, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom; Paul, J.-L., IRD, UMR 208 Patrimoines Locaux (PALOC), France; Cochet, H., AgroParisTech, Comparative Agriculture and Agricultural Development Research Unit, Paris, France; Nyunja, J., Kenya Wetland Biodiversity Research Team (KENWEB), Kenya, KWS, Nairobi, Kenya; Albergel, J., IRD, UMR LISAH, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France; Grünberger, O., IRD, UMR LISAH, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France	Wetlands are highly dynamic and productive systems that have been under increased pressure from changes in land use and water management strategies. In Eastern Africa, wetlands provide resources at multiple spatial and temporal levels through farming, fishing, livestock ownership and a host of other ecosystem services that sustain the local economy and individual livelihoods. As part of a broader effort to describe future development scenarios for East African coastal wetlands, this qualitative study focuses on understanding the processes by which river water depletion has affected local food production systems in Kenya's Tana River Delta over the past 50 years, and how this situation has impacted residents' livelihoods and well-being. Interviews performed in six villages among various ethnic groups, geographical locations and resource profiles indicated that the agro-ecological production systems formerly in place were adapted to the river's dynamic flooding patterns. As these flooding patterns changed, the local population diversified and abandoned or adopted various farming, fishing and livestock-rearing techniques. Despite these efforts, the decrease in water availability affected each subcomponent of the production systems under study, which led to their collapse in the 1990s. Water depletion negatively impacted local human well-being through the loss of food security. The current study provides a detailed account of the dynamics of agro-ecological production systems facing the effects of river water depletion in a wetland-associated environment in Sub-Saharan Africa. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.	Food production; Human well-being; River water depletion; Sub-Saharan Africa; Sustainability; Wetland	agroecology; delta; ecosystem service; ethnic group; flood; food production; food security; land use; qualitative analysis; river water; sustainability; water availability; water management; water resource; wetland; Kenya; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tana River [Kenya]	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34248524026	The economic impact of climate change on Kenyan crop agriculture: A Ricardian approach	Kabubo-Mariara J., Karanja F.K.	2007	Global and Planetary Change	57	04-Mar	10.1016/j.gloplacha.2007.01.002	School of Economics, University of Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Meteorology, University of Nairobi, Kenya	Kabubo-Mariara, J., School of Economics, University of Nairobi, Kenya; Karanja, F.K., Department of Meteorology, University of Nairobi, Kenya	This paper measures the economic impact of climate on crops in Kenya. We use cross-sectional data on climate, hydrological, soil and household level data for a sample of 816 households. We estimate a seasonal Ricardian model to assess the impact of climate on net crop revenue per acre. The results show that climate affects crop productivity. There is a non-linear relationship between temperature and revenue on one hand and between precipitation and revenue on the other. Estimated marginal impacts suggest that global warming is harmful for crop productivity. Predictions from global circulation models confirm that global warming will have a substantial impact on net crop revenue in Kenya. The results also show that the temperature component of global warming is much more important than precipitation. Findings call for monitoring of climate change and dissemination of information to farmers to encourage adaptations to climate change. Improved management and conservation of available water resources, water harvesting and recycling of wastewater could generate water for irrigation purposes especially in the arid and semi-arid areas. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	adaptations; agriculture; climate change; crop revenue	acclimation; climate change; climate modeling; crop production; economic impact; glacial debris; global warming; precipitation (climatology); Africa; East Africa; Kenya; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
None	None	The negative impact of land acquisition on indigenous communities' livelihood and environment in Tanzania	Kusiluka M.M., Kongela S., Kusiluka M.A., Karimuribo E.D., Kusiluka L.J.M.	2011	Habitat International	35	1	10.1016/j.habitatint.2010.03.001	School of Real Estate Studies, Ardhi University, P.O. Box 35176, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Mwalimu Nyerere Memorial Academy, Tanzania; Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania	Kusiluka, M.M., School of Real Estate Studies, Ardhi University, P.O. Box 35176, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Kongela, S., School of Real Estate Studies, Ardhi University, P.O. Box 35176, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Kusiluka, M.A., Mwalimu Nyerere Memorial Academy, Tanzania; Karimuribo, E.D., Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania; Kusiluka, L.J.M., Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania	This paper examines the negative impact of land acquisition programmes on the indigenous communities' livelihood and environment. The paper presents the key findings of a study which was carried out in Morogoro Municipality in Tanzania. The study was carried out in four wards covering the peripheries of Morogoro Municipality and some sections of Uluguru Mountains forest reserve. A combination of Participatory Urban Appraisal (PUA) techniques and direct researchers' observations were used to collect primary data for the study. Published and grey literature was the main source of secondary data. Findings show that land acquisition programmes in the study area have a negative impact on the livelihood of indigenous people and the environment. Some of the problems noted include loss of land, loss of means of livelihood, disruption of economic activities, persistent land-related conflicts, and relocations to poorly developed areas, inadequate and late compensation, and environmental degradation. Disagreement over the implementation of the provisions of the land acquisition legislation was noted to be one of the main sources of land acquisition related disputes. Low level of education and ignorance of the law by the majority of the indigenous people was another cause of land-related disputes. To address the problems, the paper advances some recommendations. These include the carrying out of adequate consultation and sensitization prior to land acquisition exercises, payment of full, fair and prompt compensation to the affected people, promoting conservation agriculture on the mountain slopes, strengthening awareness programmes on the land laws and policies, and improving ordinary people's access to .formal institutions responsible for the provision of justice. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.	Environment; Indigenous communities; Land acquisition; Tanzania	indigenous population; land use planning; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84912042628	The Dube TradePort-King Shaka International Airport mega-project: Exploring impacts in the context of multi-scalar governance processes	Robbins G.	2015	Habitat International	45	P3	10.1016/j.habitatint.2014.05.006	Amsterdam Institutes for Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands; School of Built Environment and Development Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Robbins, G., Amsterdam Institutes for Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands, School of Built Environment and Development Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Mega-projects aimed at enhancing urban economic infrastructure have been widely recognised as a feature of cities in which influential actors are eager to encourage economic growth. They have also been described as being central in influencing physical patterns of city growth through their direct and indirect impacts on land-uses. Whilst such initiatives are not necessarily new, it has been noted in more recent urban development experiences that these projects tend to involve crafting highly complex, mixed-use environments through a variety of forms of public-private collaboration. Furthermore, they are promoted not only in instrumental terms as facilities or infrastructure to serve a need of a particular economic process, but are also often packaged and motivated as comprehensive urban developments that can reposition the image of cities in a highly competitive global investment environment. Such processes are both influenced by and, in turn, influence multi-scalar governance processes and practices, both in the planning and motivating projects, as well as in their operations. The new King Shaka International Airport (KSIA) and Dube TradePort (DTP), located some 35km north from the City of Durban in South Africa, were projects developed with the intention of replacing an apparently obsolete facility so as to enable the region to attract more international aviation links that could, in turn, support tourism and exports. Based on analysis of documents and a range of stakeholder interviews, the paper shows how the development of the facilities and the associated impacts, from the shaping of space to meeting of operational targets, have been influenced by and also influenced the character of governance arrangements. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Cities; Mega-project impacts; Mega-projects; Multi-scalar governance; Private sector; Public sector	airport; governance approach; private sector; public sector; urban development; urban economy; urban planning; Durban; KwaZulu-Natal; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907341132	Comparison of environmental performance for different waste management scenarios in East Africa: The case of Kampala City, Uganda	Oyoo R., Leemans R., Mol A.P.J.	2014	Habitat International	44	None	10.1016/j.habitatint.2014.07.012	National Water and Sewerage Corporation, Quality Assurance Department, Old Portbell Road, P. O. Box 7053, Kampala, Uganda; Environmental Systems Analysis group/Environmental Policy group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, Netherlands	Oyoo, R., National Water and Sewerage Corporation, Quality Assurance Department, Old Portbell Road, P. O. Box 7053, Kampala, Uganda; Leemans, R., Environmental Systems Analysis group/Environmental Policy group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, Netherlands; Mol, A.P.J., Environmental Systems Analysis group/Environmental Policy group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, Netherlands	Poor waste flows management in East African cities has become an environmental and public health concerns to the city authorities and the general public. We assessed the environmental impacts of waste recycling in Kampala City, for four designed waste management scenarios, namely: (1) Scenario S1 representing the current status quo, (2) Scenario S2 maximizing landfill, (3) Scenario S3 combining composting, resource recovery, landfill and sewerage, and (4) Scenario S4 integrating anaerobic digestion, resource recovery, landfill and sewerage. These scenarios are quantitatively assessed for environmental impacts of global warming, acidification, nutrient enrichment, photochemical ozone formation, water pollution and resource conservation. Sensitivity analyses are performed on the robustness for the ranking of the scenarios. Scenario S4 integrating anaerobic digestion, resource recovery, landfill and sewerage performs best for all environmental impact categories. Sensitivity analysis shows that this assessment result is robust. Therefore, integrating waste recycling into the formal waste management system for Kampala would considerably reduce the environmental impacts of waste flows. Also, considering the similarities in municipal solid waste compositions, sanitation systems and settlement patterns among the large cities in East Africa, assimilating waste recycling into the formal waste management systems for these cities would results in minimal environmental impacts for their waste flows. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Composting; Emissions; Human excreta; Municipal solid waste; Scenario analysis and life cycle analysis	anoxic conditions; composting; emission; environmental impact assessment; landfill; life cycle analysis; municipal solid waste; recycling; sensitivity analysis; waste management; sanitation; Kampala; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84936945068	Performance of pit latrines in urban poor areas: A case of Kampala, Uganda	Nakagiri A., Kulabako R.N., Nyenje P.M., Tumuhairwe J.B., Niwagaba C.B., Kansiime F.	2015	Habitat International	49	None	10.1016/j.habitatint.2015.07.005	Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Environmental Management, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda	Nakagiri, A., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Kulabako, R.N., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Nyenje, P.M., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Tumuhairwe, J.B., Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Niwagaba, C.B., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Kansiime, F., Department of Environmental Management, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda	In many urban poor areas of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), demand for human excreta disposal is met, predominantly by pit latrines. This study aimed at determining the status of pit latrines (design, construction, operation and maintenance) and its influence on latrine performance (filling, smell and insect nuisance). The study was conducted on 130 pit latrines in typical urban poor areas of Kampala, Uganda. Data on design, construction, usage, operation and performance of the pit latrines was collected by interviews, observations and measurements; and analysed by descriptive statistics, bi-variate analysis and logistic regression. Results showed that the level of pit content was predicted by rain or storm water entry, terrain, cleaning before or after use and number of households using the latrine. Smell was predicted by cleanliness, stance length, superstructure material and whether the latrine was private or public. The predictor of presence of flies was the superstructure material. To improve the performance of pit latrines in urban poor areas, researchers and practitioners should develop local latrine design standards (dimensions, construction materials and number of users) and cleaning guidelines for local policy makers to implement. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.	Maintenance; Operation; Performance; Pit latrines; Smell; Urban poor	construction; design; low income population; maintenance; poverty; sanitation; urban area; Kampala; Uganda; Hexapoda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-43049133208	The effect of pH and anoxia on the performance of Phoslock®, a phosphorus binding clay	Ross G., Haghseresht F., Cloete T.E.	2008	Harmful Algae	7	4	10.1016/j.hal.2007.12.007	Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; ARC Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia	Ross, G., Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Haghseresht, F., ARC Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Cloete, T.E., Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	This study examined the adsorption of phosphate by Phoslock, a lanthanum modified clay, by investigating the effect of solution pH and presence of algal mass on its kinetic behavior. In addition, the effect of anoxic conditions on its ability to retain the adsorbed phosphate was studied. It was found that Phoslok® was most effective at pH values between 5 and 7, and the adsorption capacity decreased above pH 9. The adsorption capacity was lower in algae-containing lake water than in prepared reverse osmosis water solutions. The phosphorus was not released from the Phoslock® under anoxic conditions. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Adsorption capacity; Anoxia; Kinetics; pH; Phoslock®	algae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874974802	Impacts of a 'black tide' harmful algal bloom on rocky-shore intertidal communities on the West Coast of South Africa	Branch G.M., Bustamante R.H., Robinson T.B.	2013	Harmful Algae	24	None	10.1016/j.hal.2013.01.005	Marine Research Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, PB X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, PB X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Branch, G.M., Marine Research Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, PB X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Bustamante, R.H., Marine Research Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, PB X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Robinson, T.B., Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, PB X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Algal blooms commonly occur along the South African west coast. In March 1994 a dense bloom developed within St Helena Bay. Its subsequent decay caused near-shore hypoxia and elevated hydrogen sulphide levels, leading to it being termed a 'black tide'. The bloom caused immediate massive intertidal mortalities (95% reduction of biomass), significant changes in community structure, and declines in richness and diversity. Only four taxa were not diminished: ephemeral algae, the gastropod Afrolittorina knysnaensis, the anemone Bunodactis reynaudi and the false limpet Siphonaria capensis. This limpet species subsequently increased at impacted sites relative to controls, probably reflecting reduced competition from other grazers. Ephemeral algae flourished during early recolonisation while grazers were depleted, but declined as grazers re-established. Manipulative experiments demonstrated that grazers do have this capability. Perennial algae also flourished, but lagged behind ephemerals, possibly contributing to their decline. Predators took longest to recover. Differences in the responses of species reflect differing tolerances, zonation patterns and biological interactions. Communities at control sites remained unchanged over the four-year study, and those exposed to a low intensity of the bloom were little affected, but communities exposed to its full intensity failed to recover fully within four years. Increasing frequency of harmful algal blooms along the west coast of South Africa could, therefore, significantly alter rocky-shore communities if intervals between bloom events become shorter than recovery times. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Algal bloom; Community impacts; Hydrogen sulphide; Hypoxia; Intertidal; South Africa	Afrolittorina knysnaensis; algae; Anemone; Bunodactis reynaudi; Gastropoda; Siphonaria capensis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33947433681	Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy: Evaluation of a new delivery approach and the policy implications for malaria control in Uganda	Mbonye A.K., Bygbjerg I., Magnussen P.	2007	Health Policy	81	03-Feb	10.1016/j.healthpol.2006.05.018	Reproductive Health Division, Department of Community Health, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 7272, Kampala, Uganda; Department of International Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; DBL, Institute of Health Research and Development, Jaegersborg Allé ID, 2920 Charlottelund, Denmark	Mbonye, A.K., Reproductive Health Division, Department of Community Health, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 7272, Kampala, Uganda; Bygbjerg, I., Department of International Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Magnussen, P., DBL, Institute of Health Research and Development, Jaegersborg Allé ID, 2920 Charlottelund, Denmark	The impact of intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) on malaria in pregnancy is well known. In countries where this policy is implemented, poor access and low compliance to this intervention has been widely reported. A study was designed to assess a new approach to deliver IPT to pregnant women through traditional birth attendants (TBAs), drug-shop vendors (DSVs), community reproductive health workers (CRHWs) and adolescent peer mobilisers (APMs); and compared this approach with IPT at health units. We evaluated this approach to assess user perceptions, its acceptability and sustainability. Results show that the new approach increased access and compliance to IPT. Mean gestational age at first dose of IPT was 21.0 weeks with the community approaches versus 23.1 weeks at health units, P > 0.0001. Health units accessed a high proportion of adolescents, 28.4%, versus 25.0% at the new approaches, P < 0.03; most primigravidae, 23.6%, versus 20.0% at the new approaches, P < 0.04. The proportion of women who received two doses of SP was 67.5.2% with the new approaches versus 39.9% at health units, P < 0.0001. The new approach was associated with a three-fold increase in use of ITNs from 8.8% at baseline to 23.4%. The factors that most influenced acceptability and use of IPT were trusted and easy accessible resource persons, their ability to make home visits especially with CRHWs and APMs; the support of spouses. Another factor was the high awareness on dangers of malaria in pregnancy and the benefits of IPT created by the resource persons. The women perceived better health using the first dose of sulphadoxine-pyremethamine (SP) and this compelled them to go for the second dose. IPT with this approach was highly acceptable with 89.1% of women at the new approaches intending to use it for the next pregnancy, while 48.0% of them had recommended it to other women. We suggest a review of the current policy on malaria prevention in pregnancy to allow provision of IPT through community structures that are feasible, practical and acceptable. © 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Acceptability; Compliance; Intermittent preventive treatment; Malaria in pregnancy; Sustainability; Uganda	antimalarial agent; fansidar; folic acid; iron; mebendazole; absence of side effects; adolescent; adult; article; attitude to health; attitude to illness; attitude to pregnancy; community care; controlled study; female; fever; health auxiliary; health care personnel; health care policy; health care utilization; health promotion; home care; human; intermittent preventive treatment; interview; major clinical study; malaria; malaria control; maternal morbidity; outcomes research; patient compliance; patient education; patient referral; peer group; perception; pregnancy; prenatal care; preventive health service; preventive medicine; repeated drug dose; school child; traditional birth attendant; Uganda; unspecified side effect; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Female; Health Policy; Humans; Malaria; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; Preventive Medicine; Uganda	None
WoS	WOS:000248904000009	Setting priorities for safe motherhood programme evaluation: A participatory process in three developing countries	Achadi, Endang,Arhinful, Daniel Kojo,D'Ambruoso, Lucia,Hounton, Sennen,Hussein, Julia,Madi, Banyana Cecilia	2007	HEALTH POLICY	83	1	10.1016/j.healthpol.2007.01.006	University of Aberdeen, University of Ghana, IMMPACT Ctr Muraz	None	A participatory approach to priority setting in programme evaluation may help improve the allocation and more efficient use of scarce resources especially in low-income countries. Research agendas that are the result of collaboration between researchers, programme managers, policy makers and other stakeholders have the potential to ensure rigorous studies are conducted on matters of local priority, based on local, expert knowledge. This paper describes a process involving key stakeholders to elicit and prioritise evaluation needs for safe motherhood in three developing countries. A series of reiterative consultations with safe motherhood stakeholders from each country was conducted over a period of 36 months. In each country, the consultation process consisted of a series of participatory workshops; firstly, stakeholder's views on evaluation were elicited with parallel descriptive work on the contexts. Secondly, priorities for evaluation were identified from stakeholders; thirdly, the evaluation-priorities were refined; and finally, the evaluation research questions, reflecting the identified priorities, were agreed and finalised. Three evaluation-questions were identified in each country, and one selected, on which a full scale evaluation was undertaken. While there is a great deal written about the importance of transparent and participatory priority setting in evaluation; few examples of how such processes could be implemented exist, particularly for maternal health programmes. Our experience demonstrates that the investment in a participatory priority-setting effort is high but the process undertaken resulted in both globally and contextually-relevant priorities for evaluation. This experience provides useful lessons for public health practitioners committed to bridging the research-policy interface. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	"participatory priority setting","programme evaluation","safe motherhood",REFORMS,"REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH-SERVICES"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878781412	Preliminary antimicrobial evaluation of DAS-77® - A polyherbal medicine	Awodele O., Akindele A.J., Aniete J., Adeyemi O.O.	2013	Journal of Herbal Medicine	3	2	10.1016/j.hermed.2013.01.002	Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Awodele, O., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Akindele, A.J., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Aniete, J., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Adeyemi, O.O., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Ethnobotanical records suggest that plants are the sleeping giants of the pharmaceutical industry and are a potential natural source of antimicrobial drugs which will provide novel or lead compounds that may be employed in controlling some infections globally. DAS-77® is a phytomedicine prepared by a traditional medicine practitioner and it is claimed to be effective in the treatment of piles, dysentery, cholera, menstrual pain, stomach disorder, ulcer, constipation, diarrhoea and sexually transmitted infections. This study was therefore aimed at scientifically evaluating the antimicrobial activity of DAS-77®. The antimicrobial activity of the aqueous extract was determined using the agar-well diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin and tetracycline were 50 μg/ml and 62.5 μg/ml, respectively, for both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, while that of the extract was 100 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml respectively. However, the extract did not show any inhibitory effect against Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The study showed that the extract was more active against the gram-negative bacteria than the gram-positive. However, the extract was active against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, which may provide scientific bases for the local usage of the plant in the treatment of various ailments, especially dysentery and diarrhoea. Further development of this extract to produce an antimicrobial preparation from a natural source will contribute greatly towards the delivery of effective healthcare. Further pharmacological evaluation and toxicological studies are recommended. © 2013 Elsevier GmbH.	Antimicrobial activity; DAS-77®; Diarrhoea; Dysentery; Phytomedicine	antibiotic agent; ciprofloxacin; das 77; tetracycline; unclassified drug; antimicrobial activity; article; controlled study; diarrhea; drug screening; dysentery; Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; priority journal; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862905466	Assessing the impact of using antiretroviral drugs as pre-exposure vaccines	Bhunu C.P., Mushayabasa S.	2012	HIV and AIDS Review	11	2	10.1016/j.hivar.2012.04.001	Department of Mathematics, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Bhunu, C.P., Department of Mathematics, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mushayabasa, S., Department of Mathematics, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	The ideal intervention against HIV/ AIDS infection will be a highly effective vaccine with long lasting-protection, but unfortunately that is currently non-existent. In this manuscript the potential of antiretroviral drugs when used as pre-exposure vaccines in the fight against the spread of HIV is explored using a mathematical model. Results from the analysis of the reproduction number suggest that use of antiretroviral drugs as pre-exposure vaccines for the uninfected in conjunction to their use as treatment regimen for the infected will contribute meaningfully to curtail the spread of the epidemic. This result is also supported by numerical simulations which show low levels of infection when both interventions are in place. © 2012 Polish AIDS Research Society. Published by Elsevier Urban & Partner Sp. zo.o. All rights reserved.	HIV/AIDS; Mathematical model; Pre-exposure vaccine	antiretrovirus agent; Human immunodeficiency virus vaccine; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; article; clinical assessment; controlled study; drug potency; epidemic; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; mathematical model; nonhuman; quantitative study; simulation	None
None	None	mHealth for Safer Deliveries: A mixed methods evaluation of the effect of an integrated mobile health intervention on maternal care utilization	Battle J.D., Farrow L., Tibaijuka J., Mitchell M.	2015	Healthcare	3	4	10.1016/j.hjdsi.2015.10.011	D-tree International, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States	Battle, J.D., D-tree International, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Farrow, L., D-tree International, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Tibaijuka, J., D-tree International, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Mitchell, M., Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States	[No abstract available]	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052542965	Musculoskeletal pain and its impact on motor performance among stroke survivors	Hamzat T.K., Osundiya O.C.	2010	Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal	28	1	10.1016/j.hkpj.2010.11.001	Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine (University College Hospital), University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Hamzat, T.K., Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine (University College Hospital), University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Osundiya, O.C., Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine (University College Hospital), University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Pain is an important clinical factor that can limit movement at a joint and inhibit the functional use of a limb after stroke. Incidence of musculoskeletal pain (MSP) and its impact on motor performance among community-dwelling stroke survivors were investigated in this descriptive study. The study sample comprised 102 (51 men and 51 women) freely consenting stroke survivors (mean age, 52.92 ± 10.24 years) receiving physiotherapy on outpatient basis as part of their rehabilitation programme. They were interviewed and physically assessed for pain, and for those who had MSP, the intensity of their pain and motor performance were assessed using Numerical Box-21 Scale and Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement, respectively. Data were analysed using Spearman correlation coefficient at alpha value of 0.05. Results showed that 81 (42 men and 39 women) or 79.4% of the sample had pain symptoms, with 23.5% of these having the pain pre-dating stroke onset. Pain distribution by type revealed that MSP and central post-stroke pain was equally distributed (30.9%), whereas the remaining 38.3% presented with mixed type of pain. Among those with MSP, 25.9% had pain at shoulder only, 12.0% at the elbow only, and 2.5% at the ankle joints only. A statistically significant negative correlation (rho = -0.29, p = 0.009) was observed between the Numerical Box-21 Scale and Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement scores. MSP after stroke is as common as central post-stroke pain, and presence of MSP is associated with lower motor performance. There is a need for physiotherapists treating post-stroke individuals to take care of this type of pain to enhance the recovery of motor function. Copyright © 2010, Elsevier. All rights reserved.	Motor function; Musculoskeletal pain; Stroke	adult; ankle pain; article; clinical assessment tool; controlled study; descriptive research; elbow disease; female; functional assessment; human; interview; limb pain; major clinical study; male; motor performance; musculoskeletal pain; Numerical Box 21 Scale; outpatient care; pain assessment; physical examination; physiotherapy; rating scale; shoulder pain; stroke; Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement score; survivor	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878637418	Impact of missed appointments for out-patient physiotherapy on cost, efficiency, and patients' recovery	Mbada C.E., Nonvignon J., Ajayi O., Dada O.O., Awotidebe T.O., Johnson O.E., Olarinde A.	2013	Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal	31	1	10.1016/j.hkpj.2012.12.001	Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Management and Accounting, Faculty of Administration, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Mbada, C.E., Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Nonvignon, J., School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Ajayi, O., Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Dada, O.O., Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Awotidebe, T.O., Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Johnson, O.E., Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Olarinde, A., Department of Management and Accounting, Faculty of Administration, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Missed appointments (MAs) constitute a challenge for clinicians and clinical administrators. This study assessed the rates of MAs and their impact on cost, efficiency, and patients' recovery. A 3-year retrospective audit was conducted in a Nigerian outpatient physiotherapy clinic. Data were gleaned on socio-demographic and clinical variables related to MAs. Efficiency was calculated as current asset divided by current liability; while total revenue loss due to MAs was calculated as a product of the total of MAs and per treatment cost. Of 930 appointments, 79.2% were MAs. MAs for first, second and third treatment schedules were 26.1%, 34.1% and 32.3%, respectively. The proportion of MAs was higher among females (80.3%), the elderly (>65 years) (90.6%), patients with neurological conditions (91.3%) and appointments in the month of December (94.3%). If the per treatment schedule cost is $10, a 79.2% MAs rate will result in $7370 revenue loss and 737 lost opportunities to treat patients. MAs lowered efficiency by 79.0%, with an efficiency ratio of 0.21. If MAs slow a patient's recovery process by 2 days, then 79.2% of MAs could potentially impact patient recovery time by 1474 days. MAs for outpatient physiotherapy are a momentous challenge and signify important losses in terms of cost, efficiency and recovery time for patients. © 2012 .	Cost; Efficiency; Missed appointments; Outpatient physiotherapy; Patients' recovery	adult; aged; article; consultation; female; follow up; health care cost; hospital management; human; major clinical study; male; medical audit; outpatient care; patient referral; physiotherapy; retrospective study	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33847143776	Length Variation of DC-SIGN and L-SIGN Neck-Region has no Impact on Tuberculosis Susceptibility	Barreiro L.B., Neyrolles O., Babb C.L., van Helden P.D., Gicquel B., Hoal E.G., Quintana-Murci L.	2007	Human Immunology	68	2	10.1016/j.humimm.2006.10.020	CNRS FRE2849, Unit of Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Unité de Génétique Mycobactérienne, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa	Barreiro, L.B., CNRS FRE2849, Unit of Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, Unité de Génétique Mycobactérienne, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Neyrolles, O., Unité de Génétique Mycobactérienne, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Babb, C.L., Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; van Helden, P.D., Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Gicquel, B., Unité de Génétique Mycobactérienne, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Hoal, E.G., Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Quintana-Murci, L., CNRS FRE2849, Unit of Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France	The C-type lectins DC-SIGN and L-SIGN are important pathogen-recognition receptors of the human innate immune system. Both lectins have been shown to interact with a vast range of infectious agents, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiologic agent of tuberculosis in humans. In addition, DC-SIGN and L-SIGN possess a neck region, made up of a variable number of 23 amino acid tandem repeats, which plays a crucial role in the tetramerization of these proteins and support of the carbohydrate recognition domain. The length of the neck region, which shows variable levels of polymorphism, can critically influence the pathogen binding properties of these two receptors. We therefore investigated the impact of the DC-SIGN and L-SIGN neck-region length variation on the outcome of tuberculosis by screening this polymorphism in a large cohort of Coloured South African origin. The analyses of 711 individuals, including 351 tuberculosis patients and 360 healthy controls, revealed that none of the DC-SIGN and L-SIGN neck-region variants or genotypes seems to influence the individual susceptibility to develop tuberculosis. © 2007 American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics.	DC-SIGN; genetics; L-SIGN; neck region; susceptibility; Tuberculosis	CD209 antigen; lectin; pattern recognition receptor; protein L SIGN; tetramer; unclassified drug; article; controlled study; genetic polymorphism; genetic susceptibility; genotype; human; human cell; human tissue; innate immunity; major clinical study; molecular recognition; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; priority journal; receptor binding; tandem repeat; tuberculosis; Adult; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Cohort Studies; Disease Susceptibility; Female; Humans; Lectins, C-Type; Male; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Receptors, Cell Surface; South Africa; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-57049149645	Impact of the copper solvent extraction reagent LIX 984N on the growth and activity of selected acidophiles	Watling H.R., Perrot F.A., Shiers D.W., Grosheva A., Richards T.N.	2009	Hydrometallurgy	95	42433	10.1016/j.hydromet.2008.07.004	Parker Centre for Integrated Hydrometallurgy Solutions, CSIRO Minerals, PO Box 7229, Karawara, WA 6152, Australia; Laboratory of Chemical Thermodynamics, Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonossov State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow, 119992, Russian Federation; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701 Cape Town, South Africa	Watling, H.R., Parker Centre for Integrated Hydrometallurgy Solutions, CSIRO Minerals, PO Box 7229, Karawara, WA 6152, Australia; Perrot, F.A., Parker Centre for Integrated Hydrometallurgy Solutions, CSIRO Minerals, PO Box 7229, Karawara, WA 6152, Australia; Shiers, D.W., Parker Centre for Integrated Hydrometallurgy Solutions, CSIRO Minerals, PO Box 7229, Karawara, WA 6152, Australia; Grosheva, A., Laboratory of Chemical Thermodynamics, Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonossov State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow, 119992, Russian Federation; Richards, T.N., Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701 Cape Town, South Africa	The effects of the copper extractant LIX 984N 20% v/v in Shellsol 2046 on the abilities of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans to catalyse copper extraction from a chalcopyrite concentrate and to oxidise ferrous ion to ferric ion were compared and the possible role of Acidiphilium cryptum in ameliorating the effects of the SX reagent was examined. The SX reagent up to 250 mg/L was found to have little impact on the extraction of copper from a chalcopyrite concentrate using At. ferrooxidans. In contrast, with S. thermosulfidooxidans, copper extraction was reduced to about one third in the presence of 50 mg/L SX reagent and at 250 mg/L SX reagent, was barely more than for an abiotic test. The SX reagent strongly inhibited ferrous ion biooxidation by several bacterial species in contrast to At. ferrooxidans. The presence of 50 mg/L SX reagent caused oxidation rates to drop to between 0 and 12% of those in controls in approximately 40-hour tests. The most toxic component of the SX reagent was found to be 4-nonylphenol. A. cryptum tolerated 250 mg/L SX reagent but did not utilise it as an energy source. Bioleaching of chalcopyrite concentrate was not enhanced significantly when A. cryptum was added to test inocula. It is proposed that A. cryptum utilises fungal biomass as an energy source in managed heaps with solution recycle via solvent extraction plants. While it shares the environment with iron- and sulfur-oxidising acidophiles, it does not contribute directly to copper extraction from sulfide minerals. Crown Copyright © 2008.	Acidiphilium; Acidithiobacillus; Bioleaching; Ferrous ion oxidation; Organic reagents; Sulfobacillus	Bioleaching; Biomass; Chemical oxygen demand; Copper; Copper compounds; Extraction; Ions; Iron; Oxidation; Phenols; Renewable energy resources; Solvent extraction; Solvents; Sulfide minerals; Sulfur; Acidiphilium; Acidithiobacillus; Ferrous ion oxidation; Organic reagents; Sulfobacillus; Rate constants	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900381734	Evaluation of the Merrill-Crowe process for the simultaneous removal of platinum, palladium and gold from cyanide leach solutions	Mpinga C.N., Bradshaw S.M., Akdogan G., Snyders C.A., Eksteen J.J.	2014	Hydrometallurgy	142	None	10.1016/j.hydromet.2013.11.004	Department of Processing Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Western Australian School of Mines, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth , WA 6845, Australia	Mpinga, C.N., Department of Processing Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Bradshaw, S.M., Department of Processing Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Akdogan, G., Department of Processing Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Snyders, C.A., Department of Processing Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Eksteen, J.J., Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Western Australian School of Mines, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth , WA 6845, Australia	Studies were conducted to evaluate the Merrill-Crowe cementation method for the simultaneous extraction of platinum, palladium and gold associated with copper and nickel from cyanide solutions, particularly high temperature eluates from carbon adsorption and desorption process. The paper reviews the Merrill-Crowe method and its potential for platinum and palladium recovery in the presence of gold, copper and nickel. In a mechanically stirred tank reactor and in the presence of pure nitrogen gas, statistically designed experiments were performed at two levels of the five operating parameters which were the free cyanide concentration, temperature, cementation time, base and precious metal concentrations and their studied ranges were 50-150 ppm, 60-90 C, 15-90 min, 175-1350 ppm and 220-880 ppm, respectively. The optimum experimental conditions resulted in a solution with free cyanide concentration of 150 ppm at 60 C and a reaction time of 90 min, base metal concentration of 175 ppm and precious metal concentration of 880 ppm. Under these conditions, cementation yield obtained was 91; 54; 19% for Au(I), Pd(II) and Pt(II) respectively. Zn addition was 1.5 times the stoichiometric amount for complete cementation for the low level case, while it was 0.68 times less the stoichiometric for the high level, in order to monitor competitive aspects of cementation from a mixed solution on a time scale and at conditions that might be relevant to industrial operations. In contrast to Au cementation reaction, Pd and Pt cementation did not go to completion even though excess zinc powder (0.15 g Zn i.e. 1.5 to 3.4 stoichiometric ratio) was used with their mono-ionic solutions, which gave 48 and 36% of Pd(II) and Pt(II) respectively. In preliminary kinetic studies, deviations from the first-order rate law were observed. The rate of cementation of Au(I) was about 5 times higher than for Pd(II) and 15 times higher than for Pt(II), based on the apparent rate constant, k′1. It was also found that the ratio k′1/k ′2 was smallest for Pt, in other words the deviation from 1st order linear kinetics was greatest. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Cementation; Cyanide; Gold; Palladium; Platinum	Apparent rate constant; Cementation; Experimental conditions; Industrial operations; Operating parameters; Platinum and palladiums; Simultaneous extractions; Stirred tank reactors; Cementing (shafts); Cements; Copper; Cyanides; Economic geology; Gold; Nickel; Palladium; Rate constants; Zinc; Platinum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-12344249998	Evaluation of microbial diversity of different soil layers at a contaminated diesel site	Maila M.P., Randima P., Surridge K., Drønen K., Cloete T.E.	2005	International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation	55	1	10.1016/j.ibiod.2004.06.012	Cncl. for Sci. and Indust. Research, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Dept. Microbiol. and Plant Pathol., University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Microbiology, University of Bergen, Jahnebakken 5, N-5020 Bergen, Norway	Maila, M.P., Cncl. for Sci. and Indust. Research, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Randima, P., Cncl. for Sci. and Indust. Research, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Surridge, K., Dept. Microbiol. and Plant Pathol., University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Drønen, K., Department of Microbiology, University of Bergen, Jahnebakken 5, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; Cloete, T.E., Dept. Microbiol. and Plant Pathol., University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	In this study, we evaluated the hydrocarbon removal efficiency and microbial diversity of different soil layers. The soil layers with high counts of recoverable hydrocarbon degrading bacteria had the highest hydrocarbon removal rate compared with soil layers with low counts of hydrocarbon degrading bacteria. Removal efficiency was 48% in the topsoil, compared with 31% and 11% at depths of 1.5 and 1 m, respectively. In the 1 and 1.5 m soil layers, there was no significant difference between total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal in nutrient amended treatments and controls. The respiration rate reflected the difference in the number of bacteria in each soil layer and the availability of nutrients. High O2 consumption corresponded positively with high TPH removal. Analysis of the microbial diversity in the different soil layers using functional diversity (community-level physiological profile, via Biolog) and genetic diversity using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) of 16S rDNA revealed differences in, respectively, substrate utilisation patterns and DGGE profiles of 16S rDNA fragments. Microbial diversity as revealed by DNA fragments was lower in the highly contaminated soil layer (1.5 m) than in the topsoil and at 1 m. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	None	Biodegradation; Biodiversity; Contamination; Hydrocarbons; Nutrition; Soils; Microbial diversity; Nutrients; Respiration rate; Soil layers; Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH); Bacteria; biodegradation; diesel; hydrocarbon; soil microorganism; soil pollution; species diversity; Bacteria (microorganisms)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954860590	The effect of stake dimension on the field performance of two hardwoods with different durability classes	Antwi-Boasiako C., Allotey A.	2010	International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation	64	4	10.1016/j.ibiod.2009.11.004	Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ashanti, Ghana	Antwi-Boasiako, C., Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ashanti, Ghana; Allotey, A., Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ashanti, Ghana	Timber diversity is associated with virtually all types of wood structures for various end-uses including bridges and railway-sleepers. Some timbers resist bio-degradation and are termed naturally durable. Wood durability is influenced by numerous extrinsic and intrinsic factors; however, knowledge is scant about the role stake dimension plays. Therefore, the field performance of replicates of four dimensions (500 × 50 × 25; 250 × 25 × 12.5; 125 × 12.5 × 6.25; and 62.5 × 6.25 × 3.13 mm) from two commercially important hardwoods (Milicia excelsa and Sterculia rhinopetala) of different durabilities (i.e., high and moderate, respectively) was investigated for 5 years using the graveyard method with non-durable Ceiba pentandra as a control. Durability parameters assessed were visual durability ratings, hardness, and mass losses. C. pentandra usually performed worst in all parameters. Generally, a steady increase exists in degradation from the thickest stakes (500 × 50 × 25 mm) to the thinnest (62.5 × 6.25 × 3.13 mm). Thus, the greater the stake dimension, the smaller its visual durability rating, mass and hardness losses (i.e. more durable). However, few discrepancies occurred, as the thinnest stakes were often buried deep in the soil, decreasing their chances of getting attacked. M. excelsa remained harder and more durable for stakes of all dimensions (especially the thickest) than those of S. rhinopetala. However, the thinnest M. excelsa stakes unexpectedly recorded mean mass loss of 4.9%, compared with 2.1% for S. rhinopetala. The study shows wood dimension significantly affects its durability, which would inform timber engineers about their wood dimension choices for appropriate end-uses. © 2010.	End-use; Mass loss; Service-life; Visual durability rating; Wood dimension	End-uses; Field performance; Hardness loss; Intrinsic factors; Mass loss; Milicia excelsa; Visual durability rating; Wood durability; Wood structure; Degradation; Hardness; Hardwoods; Timber; Wooden buildings; Durability; bridge; deciduous tree; dicotyledon; durability; fieldwork; performance assessment; railway; timber; wood quality; Buildings; Degradation; Dimensions; Durability; Forests; Hardness; Hardwoods; Wood; Ceiba pentandra; Milicia excelsa; Sterculia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941317538	Economic and environmental evaluation of landfill gas utilisation: A multi-period optimisation approach for low carbon regions	Ahmed S.I., Johari A., Hashim H., Lim J.S., Jusoh M., Mat R., Alkali H.	2015	International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation	102	None	10.1016/j.ibiod.2015.04.008	Institute of Hydrogen Economy, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Process System Engineering Centre (PROSPECT), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Mala	Ahmed, S.I., Institute of Hydrogen Economy, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia, Chemical Engineering Dept., Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Nigeria; Johari, A., Institute of Hydrogen Economy, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Hashim, H., Process System Engineering Centre (PROSPECT), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Lim, J.S., Process System Engineering Centre (PROSPECT), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Jusoh, M., Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Mat, R., Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Alkali, H., Institute of Hydrogen Economy, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia	Landfill gas (LFG) is composed essentially of the most problematic greenhouse gases (GHGs) namely methane (50%) and carbon dioxide (45%). However, due to its methane content, LFG can be utilised as a renewable energy source, but utilising LFG is met with a lot of challenges such as choice for LFG grade (low, medium or high grade), LFG utilisation equipment (gas engines, gas turbines etc.) and product type (electricity, heat etc.). The study estimates LFG capture and develops tool for the utilisation of LFG as a renewable energy resource. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change model outcome shows that an average annual LFG capture of 17,200 tonnes was obtained for Iskandar Malaysia and the optimal results indicate that the LFG is best utilised as a medium grade LFG for combined heat and power generation using steam turbines. The profitability evaluation shows that mean annual profit of US$5.6 million has been achieved with a payback period of 12.3 years and net present value of US$111 million, which is reasonable because the project can be classified as medium to large-scale. Additionally, the study provides insight into the viability of various LFG utilisation technologies and strategies for waste disposal to landfill. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.	Greenhouse gas; Landfill gas; Malaysia; Renewable energy; Waste	Biogas; Carbon; Carbon dioxide; Climate change; Climate models; Cogeneration plants; Energy resources; Gas turbines; Gases; Greenhouse gases; Heat engines; Investments; Land fill; Methane; Profitability; Steam turbines; Waste disposal; Wastes; Combined heat and power generation; Disposal to landfills; Environmental evaluation; Intergovernmental panel on climate changes; Landfill gas; Malaysia; Renewable energies; Renewable energy source; Renewable energy resources	05H04, MOHE, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Q.J130000.2709.01K08, UTM, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; R.J1300000.7301.4B145, UTM, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941762656	Synthesis and characterisation of silver(I) benzyldiphenylphosphine complexes: Towards the biological evaluation on SNO cells	Potgieter K., Cronjé M.J., Meijboom R.	2015	Inorganica Chimica Acta	437	None	10.1016/j.ica.2015.08.023	Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, South Africa	Potgieter, K., Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, South Africa; Cronjé, M.J., Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, South Africa; Meijboom, R., Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, South Africa	Cancer is one of the leading causes of deaths worldwide, due to the lack of effective anticancer agents, and the agents leading to side-effects. It is therefore crucial to find an anticancer agent which is effective enough to destroy the cancer cells without causing side-effects. Silver(I) complexes have the potential to be applied as effective anticancer agents, due to their excellent antibacterial and antimicrobial properties. Silver(I) benzyldiphenylphosphine complexes were synthesised and characterised by means of NMR, FTIR as well as single crystal X-ray diffractometry (SXRD). The crystal structure revealed a trigonal planar geometry, which is rarely seen in silver chemistry. In addition, the anticancer activity of these complexes was evaluated against a malignant SNO (oesophageal) cancer cell line. The viability of the cells after treatment with the complexes were determined using an alamarBlue® viability assay. The possible mode of cell death, being apoptosis, necrosis or both, was determined by studying the treated cells under a microscope. A significant decrease in the viability of the cells after 24 h treatment with the complexes was observed. The morphological studies revealed that apoptosis could be a possible mode of cell death, however some necrosis was observed. Silver(I) benzyldiphenylphosphine complexes shows potential as effective anticancer agents. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Anticancer activity; Silver(I) phosphine complexes; SNO cancer cells	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84936950843	Limits on Pluto's ring system from the June 12 2006 stellar occultation and implications for the New Horizons impact hazard	Throop H.B., French R.G., Shoemaker K., Olkin C.B., Ruhland T.R., Young L.A.	2015	Icarus	246	None	10.1016/j.icarus.2014.05.020	Planetary Science Institute, 1700 E Fort Lowell Rd. #106, Tucson, AZ, United States; Physics Department, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa; Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, United States; Shoemaker Labs, 2225 Hwy A1A, #311, Indian Harbour BeachFL, United States; Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO, United States	Throop, H.B., Planetary Science Institute, 1700 E Fort Lowell Rd. #106, Tucson, AZ, United States, Physics Department, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa; French, R.G., Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, United States; Shoemaker, K., Shoemaker Labs, 2225 Hwy A1A, #311, Indian Harbour BeachFL, United States; Olkin, C.B., Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO, United States; Ruhland, T.R., Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO, United States; Young, L.A., Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO, United States	The Pluto system passed in front of a 15th magnitude star on 12 June 2006. We observed this occultation from the 3.9m Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT), and took photometric observations every 100ms for 3h. Our three-hour baseline of data provides among the longest and highest-quality occultation dataset of the Pluto system ever taken. Results on Pluto's atmospheric structure from these data have been previously reported (Young, E.F. [2008]. Astron. J. 136, 1757-1769). Here we report on limits for rings, ring arcs, and small satellites within the system. We find a 3σ upper limit on the normal optical depth of τ<0.07 for narrow rings of width 2.4km, and τ<5×10-3 for rings of width 1500km. We also detect no discrete objects of radius 220m or larger along the occultation path. Motivated by the upcoming flyby of New Horizons through the Pluto system, we estimate the dust impact hazard to the spacecraft based on our optical depth limits and those derived from imaging with the Hubble Space Telescope. © 2014 Elsevier Inc.	Occultations; Planetary rings; Pluto	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646446481	Impact of segregation and inclusive education at the basic education level on children with low vision in Ghana	Agbeke W.K.	2005	International Congress Series	1282	None	10.1016/j.ics.2005.05.039	Department of Special Education, University of Education, P.O. Box 25, Winneba, Ghana	Agbeke, W.K., Department of Special Education, University of Education, P.O. Box 25, Winneba, Ghana	This study was carried out to determine the impact that both segregation and inclusive education at the Basic Level have on children with low vision in Ghana. In all, 54 participants were involved in the study. The instruments used in the collection of data for this study were a semi-structured interview schedule and a questionnaire. Both interview and questionnaire items were based on, academic performance, orientation and mobility, activities of daily living, social interaction and the challenges and prospects of the two programmes. The results showed that visually impaired children from both programmes have problems with movement initially but overcome it after a year. Socially, children from inclusive programmes better participated in family and community activities than their counterparts in the special school. There was no significant difference in the academic performance of children from the two programmes. The two programmes have challenges but the prospects of inclusive education looks brighter. There is a balance in terms of academic performance and socialization. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Education; Ghana; Inclusive education; Segregation	None	None
None	None	The impact of probiotic yogurt on HIV positive women in Tanzania	Dols J.A.M., Boon M.E., Monachese M., Changalucha J., Butamanya N., Varriano S., Vihant O., Hullegie Y., van Tienen A., Hummelen R., Reid G.	2011	International Dairy Journal	21	8	10.1016/j.idairyj.2011.03.001	Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Leiden Cytology and Pathology Laboratory, Leiden, Netherlands; Lawson Health Research Institute, Canadian Research Development Centre for Probiotics, London, Canada; Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; National Institute of Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania; Sekou-Toure Regional Hospital, Mwanza, Tanzania	Dols, J.A.M., Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands, Leiden Cytology and Pathology Laboratory, Leiden, Netherlands; Boon, M.E., Leiden Cytology and Pathology Laboratory, Leiden, Netherlands; Monachese, M., Lawson Health Research Institute, Canadian Research Development Centre for Probiotics, London, Canada, Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Changalucha, J., National Institute of Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania; Butamanya, N., Sekou-Toure Regional Hospital, Mwanza, Tanzania; Varriano, S., Lawson Health Research Institute, Canadian Research Development Centre for Probiotics, London, Canada; Vihant, O., Lawson Health Research Institute, Canadian Research Development Centre for Probiotics, London, Canada; Hullegie, Y., Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands; van Tienen, A., Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Hummelen, R., Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands, Lawson Health Research Institute, Canadian Research Development Centre for Probiotics, London, Canada; Reid, G., Lawson Health Research Institute, Canadian Research Development Centre for Probiotics, London, Canada, Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada	In a randomized, double blind study, 145 HIV+ women receiving anti-retroviral therapy at Sekou-Toure Regional Hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania were enrolled. Participants were randomly allocated to receive 125 mL daily regular yogurt or 125 mL probiotic supplemented yogurt for 29 days. Subject interviews at day 0 and 29 revealed fewer vaginal symptoms and signs, better appetite, less stomach gas and more energy for work, irrespective of the treatment group. The Nugent scoring showed almost 40% women had improved vaginal microbiota over the month, albeit the addition of the probiotic did not differ from the standard yogurt group. Therefore, yogurt provides a safe nutritious food that can be made locally and taken daily by HIV-subjects receiving anti-retroviral therapy. It has the potential to transfer health benefits to the gut and vagina, but the extent to which a probiotic can add to this through rectal to perineal transfer remains to be determined. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	None	Health benefits; Microbiotas; Probiotic yogurt; Probiotics; Tanzania; Treatment group; Dairy products; Human immunodeficiency virus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954142972	Evaluation of the fluid uptake kinetics and drug release from gellan gum tablets containing metronidazole	Emeje M.O., Franklin-Ude P.I., Ofoefule S.I.	2010	International Journal of Biological Macromolecules	47	2	10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.05.005	Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Ngeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Raw Materials Development, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abu	Emeje, M.O., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Ngeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Assam, India; Franklin-Ude, P.I., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Raw Materials Development, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria; Ofoefule, S.I., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Raw Materials Development, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria	In this study, the fluid uptake (swelling) kinetics and disintegrant properties of gellan gum in metronidazole tablets were evaluated in both simulated gastric and intestinal fluids (SGF and SIF respectively) without enzymes. The mechanical properties as well as the disintegration and dissolution profile of the tablets were also assessed and compared with those of two standard disintegrants: maize starch and sodium starch glycolate (Primogel®). Results show that, swelling was faster and higher in SIF than SGF with the minimum and maximum swelling rates of the gum being 0.365 and 6.900mm3/min respectively in SGF, while the corresponding values in SIF were 0.277 and 7.600mm3/min respectively. The gum was most effective as a disintegrant for metronidazole tablets at an optimum concentration of 0.2% (w/w) when incorporated extra-granularly. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.	Disintegration; Gellan gum; Metronidazole; Water uptake capacity	gellan; metronidazole; starch; starch glycolate sodium; bacterial polysaccharide; delayed release formulation; drug carrier; gellan; metronidazole; tablet; article; concentration (parameters); controlled drug release; controlled study; drug solubility; intestine fluid; particle size; stomach juice; tablet compression; tablet disintegration; tablet friability; biomimetics; chemistry; delayed release formulation; intestine; kinetics; metabolism; tablet; Biomimetics; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Carriers; Gastric Juice; Intestines; Kinetics; Metronidazole; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Tablets; Zea mays; Biomimetics; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Carriers; Gastric Juice; Intestines; Kinetics; Metronidazole; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Tablets	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886042127	Interaction of nanoparticles with arginine kinase from Trypanosoma brucei: Kinetic and mechanistic evaluation	Adeyemi O.S., Whiteley C.G.	2013	International Journal of Biological Macromolecules	62	None	10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.09.008	Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	Adeyemi, O.S., Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Whiteley, C.G., Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	Arginine kinase is not only absent from mammalian hosts but is critical to the survival of trypanosomes under stressful conditions and consequently its inhibition may lead to an effective treatment for trypanosomiasis. The His-tagged enzyme was cloned from Trypanosoma brucei genomic DNA, expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 DE3 cells and purified on a Ni-affinity column and by FPLC on a Superdex 200 HR. The enzyme had a specific activity of 2.92μmolmin-1mgprotein-1, molecular mass of 40kDa, temperature and pH optima of 30°C and 7.8, and Km and Vmax as 2.94mM and 0.161μmolml-1min-1 (arginine substrate). The interaction of the enzyme with silver and gold nanoparticles showed a non-competitive inhibition with, respectively, 75% and 62% decrease in activity; Ki values ranged from 1.5nM (Ag) to 3.1nM (Au). A mechanism for this inhibition was by interaction with Cys271 positioned 3.3Å from the reactive NH1 of substrate arginine. This cysteine controls electrophilic and nucleophilic character of the guanidinium group that is crucial for enzymatic phosphoryl transfer between ADP and ATP. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Arginine kinase; Kinetic analysis; Mechanism; Silver, gold nanoparticles; Trypanosomiasis	adenosine diphosphate; adenosine triphosphate; arginine; arginine kinase; cysteine; genomic DNA; gold nanoparticle; guanidine; histidine; nickel; silver nanoparticle; article; competitive inhibition; controlled study; electrophilicity; enzyme activity; enzyme analysis; enzyme inhibitor interaction; enzyme kinetics; enzyme substrate complex; Escherichia coli; fast protein liquid chromatography; molecular cloning; molecular weight; nonhuman; nucleophilicity; pH; temperature; Trypanosoma brucei; trypanosomiasis; Arginine kinase; Kinetic analysis; Mechanism; Silver, gold nanoparticles; Trypanosomiasis; Arginine Kinase; Cloning, Molecular; Enzyme Activation; Gene Expression; Gold; Kinetics; Mechanical Phenomena; Metal Nanoparticles; Nanoparticles; Protein Binding; Recombinant Proteins; Silver; Trypanosoma brucei brucei	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-13244263032	Targeting education: The politics of performance and the prospects of 'Education For All'	Jansen J.D.	2005	International Journal of Educational Development	25	4 SPEC. ISS.	10.1016/j.ijedudev.2005.04.009	University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Jansen, J.D., University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	This article offers a critical examination of the public claims about the potential, reach and impact of "target setting in education" within the context of developing countries. The argument is made that the target - setting enterprise is undermined by three fallacies-conceptual, methodological and organizational - with negative consequences for the achievement of education quality in poor countries. While acknowledging the logic of targets on the part of international development agencies, the article nevertheless suggests that target setting could be seen as a transnational system of surveillance that takes measures of control, measurement and accountability beyond the confines of national borders. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Comparative education; Curriculum; Development; Education policy; Educational administration; International education; Literacy	curriculum; education policy; performance assessment; targeting	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349416413	The socioeconomic impact of HIV/AIDS on education outcomes in Uganda: School enrolment and the schooling gap in 2002/2003	Kasirye I., Hisali E.	2010	International Journal of Educational Development	30	1	10.1016/j.ijedudev.2009.07.003	Economic Policy Research, Makerere University, 51 Pool Road, Centre, Uganda; Faculty of Economics and Management, Makerere University, 50 Pool Road, Uganda	Kasirye, I., Economic Policy Research, Makerere University, 51 Pool Road, Centre, Uganda; Hisali, E., Faculty of Economics and Management, Makerere University, 50 Pool Road, Uganda	Due to high prime-age mortality-a result of the HIV/AIDS scourge, the number of orphans in Uganda continues to rise. Using the 2002/2003 Uganda National Household Survey, this paper investigates how HIV/AIDS orphan status affects schooling enrolment and grade progression. Our results show that HIV/AIDS orphans are not significantly less likely to continue schooling but are by far more likely to fall below their appropriate grade. Furthermore, we find that the schooling gaps decreases at higher levels of household welfare status-poor HIV/AIDS orphans, especially aged 13-17 years, are significantly less likely to continue schooling. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Development; HIV/AIDS orphans; International education; Uganda	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; educational development; human immunodeficiency virus; orphan; socioeconomic impact; welfare impact; Africa; East Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Uganda	None
WoS	WOS:000317444800005	School feeding and educational access in rural Ghana: Is poor targeting and delivery limiting impact?	Bosumtwi-Sam, Cynthia,Essuman, Ato	2013	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT	33	3	10.1016/j.ijedudev.2012.09.011	Management Consulting & Educ Res	None	In an effort to address social imbalances and equity in Ghana's education delivery and to achieve her Education for All (EFA) agenda, some pro-poor programmes have been introduced. Among these is the Ghana School Feeding Programme (GSFP) that aims among others, at providing safety nets for the poor, increasing school enrolment in addition to boosting domestic food production. While this programme has been implemented since 2005, there is paucity of information on the experiences of beneficiaries and implementers. The GSFP has been designed as a national programme to feed children in public kindergarten and primary schools, based on a single implementation framework. This single implementation framework does not make room for contextualization of programme implementation and allow the tapping into the knowledge base of both the school and the community in making judgments about who is really needy and who is not. Thus, the study sought to explore the experiences of beneficiaries and implementers of the programme within three rural communities in Ghana, using interviews and observations. Challenges of programme delivery, which include prolonged time spent on serving, eating and cleaning up, counter effective teaching and learning and pose a threat to education quality. There are policy conflicts, funding challenges and issues about targeting and sustainability of the programme. These give credence to the need to understand the local dynamics of poverty and how they affect demand for educational access in rural contexts. The paper finally proffers ways in which insights gained from these experiences can contribute to the current discourse on School Feeding Programmes in the context of developing economies. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	"educational access",POVERTY,"school feeding","social safety nets",TARGETING,OUTCOMES,POVERTY	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919644294	Examining the impact of age on literacy achievement among grade 6 primary school pupils in Kenya	Hungi N., Ngware M., Abuya B.	2014	International Journal of Educational Development	39	None	10.1016/j.ijedudev.2014.06.003	African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), Kenya	Hungi, N., African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), Kenya; Ngware, M., African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), Kenya; Abuya, B., African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), Kenya	The main objective of this paper is to investigate the optimal age category at which primary school pupils from low income families perform their best in literacy at grade 6 level. Age is a potential learning barrier because of its link to cognitive development as well as its influence on interactions between pupils within classrooms. The sample consisted of 7041 grade 6 pupils, spread in 226 schools across six major urban slums in Kenya. Using descriptive statistics, we examine the distribution of grade 6 pupils' age. We then examine incidences of over-age pupils and incidences of grade repetition across various subgroups of pupils disaggregated by factors such as sex, wealth background, grade repetition, school type and geographical location. Finally, using multilevel techniques, we estimate the pupil age category that has greatest positive impact on literacy achievement at grade 6 after controlling selected pupil and school factors.Irrespective of pupil sex, grade repetition, wealth background, school type or geographical location the results indicate that grade 6 pupils perform their best in literacy when they are in the age category ranging from 10 years 6 months to 11 years 5 months. The results also indicate that, in general, younger pupils were likely to achieve better than older pupil in literacy regardless of the background under consideration. Implications of the findings for policy and practice as well as further research are outlined. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Grade repetition; Kenya education; Literacy achievement; Over-age pupils; Pupil age; Underage pupils	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922879699	The impact of orphanhood on education attendance: Evidence from Zimbabwe	Ha W., Salama P., Gwavuya S.	2015	International Journal of Educational Development	40	None	10.1016/j.ijedudev.2014.11.020	Graduate School of Education and Institute of Economics of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China; UNICEF Ethiopia, UNICEF House, P.O. Box 1169, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; UNICEF Zimbabwe, 6 Fairbridge, Belgravia, Harare, Zimbabwe	Ha, W., Graduate School of Education and Institute of Economics of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China; Salama, P., UNICEF Ethiopia, UNICEF House, P.O. Box 1169, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Gwavuya, S., UNICEF Zimbabwe, 6 Fairbridge, Belgravia, Harare, Zimbabwe	The development community has started to question the exclusive focus of social protection programmes on orphans and vulnerable children affected by AIDS in the context of widespread poverty and vulnerability in Africa. This paper, using 2009 Zimbabwe Multiple Indicator Monitoring Survey data and multivariate regression analysis and simulations, shows that the impact of orphan-hood on childrens access to education should be not underestimated. Specifically, the probability differential of dropping out of school, when comparing double-orphans and children with both their parents, is almost as large as the gap between a child from the fourth quintile and the poorest quintile.	Education and targeting; Orphans and vulnerable children; Social protection	education; orphan; targeting; welfare provision; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929430951	Evaluation of artisan training in metal silo construction for grain storage in Africa: Impact on uptake, entrepreneurship and income	Ndegwa M.K., De Groote H., Gitonga Z.M.	2015	International Journal of Educational Development	43	None	10.1016/j.ijedudev.2015.04.012	University of Nairobi, College of Education and External Studies, Nairobi, Kenya; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Socioeconomics Program (SEP), P.O. Box 1041-00621, Nairobi, Kenya; CIMMYT, SEP, Nairobi, Kenya; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya	Ndegwa, M.K., University of Nairobi, College of Education and External Studies, Nairobi, Kenya, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya; De Groote, H., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Socioeconomics Program (SEP), P.O. Box 1041-00621, Nairobi, Kenya; Gitonga, Z.M., CIMMYT, SEP, Nairobi, Kenya	This study assesses the impact of training sheet metal workers in Kenya on their uptake of learned skills and their income. Fifty-eight artisans trained in the construction of metal silos for hermetic grain storage were compared to a random sample of 123 untrained artisans. Results show that two-thirds of the trained artisans were making the silos, half of these in their own workshops and half as employees. The probability of using the skills learned declined with age but increased with previous experience in technical work. The training did not significantly increase the income of employed artisans, but increased the annual income of those who made the silos in their own workshops by KSh315,173 (about US$3,600). The overall impact could be improved by better targeting of trainees, by using apprenticeships as an alternative mode of training, and by encouraging entrepreneurship through business training and provision of credit. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.	Africa; Artisan; Impact; Metal silos; Vocational training	construction; entrepreneur; food storage; income; silo; skilled labor; training; vocational education; assessment method; metal; Kenya	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960910981	Performance evaluation of power system stabilizers based on Population-Based Incremental Learning (PBIL) algorithm	Folly K.A.	2011	International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems	33	7	10.1016/j.ijepes.2011.05.004	Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Folly, K.A., Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	This paper proposes a method of optimally tuning the parameters of power system stabilizers (PSSs) for a multi-machine power system using Population-Based Incremental Learning (PBIL). PBIL is a technique that combines aspects of GAs and competitive learning-based on Artificial Neural Network. The main features of PBIL are that it is simple, transparent, and robust with respect to problem representation. PBIL has no crossover operator, but works with a probability vector (PV). The probability vector is used to create better individuals through learning. Simulation results based on small and large disturbances show that overall, PBIL-PSS gives better performances than GA-PSS over the range of operating conditions considered. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Electromechanical modes; Genetic algorithms (GAs); Population-Based Incremental Learning (PBIL); Power system stabilizer (PSS)	Artificial Neural Network; Crossover operator; Electromechanical modes; Large disturbance; Multi machine power system; Operating condition; Performance evaluation; Population-based incremental learning; Power System Stabilizer; Power system stabilizers; Probability vector; Problem representation; Simulation result; Electric power systems; Genetic algorithms; Mathematical operators; Neural networks; Power transmission; Standby power systems; Learning algorithms	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862668619	Performance evaluation of hydropower generation system using transfer function modelling	Nwobi-Okoye C.C., Igboanugo A.C.	2012	International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems	43	1	10.1016/j.ijepes.2012.04.059	Department of Computer Science, Anambra State University, Pmb 02, Uli, Anambra State, Nigeria; Department of Production Engineering, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria	Nwobi-Okoye, C.C., Department of Computer Science, Anambra State University, Pmb 02, Uli, Anambra State, Nigeria, Department of Production Engineering, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; Igboanugo, A.C., Department of Production Engineering, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria	Poor electricity generation in Nigeria is a very serious problem. The low power generation is caused in part by the ineffective maintenance and inefficient performance of Nigeria's power generation facilities. The aim of this study is to develop a new and better way of evaluating the performance of hydropower generation facilities in order to improve their performance using transfer function modelling. It involves taking input-output data from a hydropower generation process over a 10-year period and developing transfer function models of the process for the 10 years, which are used as performance indicators. Based on the performance indicators obtained from the models, the results show that the efficiency of the power generation facility was worst in the year 2006 and best in 2003. Generally the indicators (coefficient of performance) were undulating over the 10-year period. Finally based on the fact the power plant has under performed over the years, a value of coefficient of performance which must be above the highest coefficient of performance of 7.523 obtained was suggested as a benchmark below which a hydropower plant is assumed to have under performed. The result of this study is expected to open new ways to improving maintenance effectiveness and operations efficiency of power generation facilities. The study would be of immense help in improving power generation in Nigeria and elsewhere. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Electricity generation; Hydropower; Modelling; Performance indicators; Transfer function	Coefficient of Performance; Electricity generation; Function modelling; Hydro-power generation; Hydropower; Hydropower plants; Input-output data; Nigeria; Performance evaluation; Performance indicators; Transfer function model; Benchmarking; Electric generators; Maintenance; Models; Transfer functions; Hydroelectric power	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898971133	Investigation of the impact of demand elasticity on electricity market using extended Cournot approach	Yan J., Folly K.	2014	International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems	60	None	10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.03.037	Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Yan, J., Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Folly, K., Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	The impact of demand elasticity on electricity market is investigated in this paper. An extended Cournot model is derived from the classical Cournot model by including the consideration of demand elasticity. Simulation results show that, the demand elasticity can effectively influence the market outcomes, i.e. market clearing price, load payment, generation companies' (GENCOs) individual output and profit. Furthermore, comparison of results using the extended Cournot model with those obtained using an industrial-grade software package (Plexos) shows a good agreement. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Cournot competition; Demand elasticity; Electricity market	Commerce; Electric industry; Cournot; Cournot competition; Cournot model; Demand elasticities; Electricity market; Generation companies; Market Clearing Price; Market outcomes; Elasticity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846028242	In vitro fermentation studies for selection and evaluation of Bacillus strains as starter cultures for the production of okpehe, a traditional African fermented condiment	Oguntoyinbo F.A., Sanni A.I., Franz C.M.A.P., Holzapfel W.H.	2007	International Journal of Food Microbiology	113	2	10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.07.006	Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Federal Research Centre for Nutrition and Food, Institute for	Oguntoyinbo, F.A., Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria, Federal Research Centre for Nutrition and Food, Institute for Hygiene and Toxicology, Haid-und-Neu-Strasse 9, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; Sanni, A.I., Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Franz, C.M.A.P., Federal Research Centre for Nutrition and Food, Institute for Hygiene and Toxicology, Haid-und-Neu-Strasse 9, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; Holzapfel, W.H., Federal Research Centre for Nutrition and Food, Institute for Hygiene and Toxicology, Haid-und-Neu-Strasse 9, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany	Selected Bacillus and Enterococcus strains, isolated from traditional okpehe fermentations, were studied for their suitability as starter cultures in laboratory-scale fermentations of Prosopis africana seeds for the production of okpehe, a traditional fermented vegetable product of Nigeria. The strains were selected on the basis of highest proteolytic activity, as determined with the APIZYM (BioMerieux) test. The choice of starter strains was narrowed to Bacillus subtilis strains BFE 5301 and BFE 5372. These were determined as the best starter combination because of rapid growth, high amylolytic and proteolytic activities, high levels of polyglutamic acid production by strain BFE 5372, as well as bacteriocin production by strain BFE 5301. Other mixed culture fermentations did not yield sensorically acceptable products. Although a monoculture fermentation, using only B. subtilis strain BFE 5372, produced okpehe with very good sensory characteristics, the growth of B. cereus could be detected after 48 h fermentation, indicating that this starter did not sufficiently contribute to product safety. Mixed culture fermentation with the combination of bacteriocin-producing starter B. subtilis BFE 5301 and the non-bacteriocin-producing B. subtilis BFE 5372, produced a product with good sensory characteristics, in which growth of B. cereus was delayed. The bacteriocin produced by B. subtilis strain BFE 5301 was identified as subtilisin, using subtilisin-specific primers and PCR amplification of the subtilisin gene. The bacteriocin was heat-stable at 100 °C for 10 min and exhibited highest activity at pH values lower or equal to pH 6.0. The bacteriocin was sensitive to the proteolytic enzymes trypsin and α-chymotrypsin at concentrations of 10 mg/ml. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Bacillus subtilis; Fermentation; Okpehe; Starters; Subtilisin	bacteriocin; polyglutamic acid; subtilisin; article; Bacillus; Bacillus cereus; Bacillus subtilis; bacterial strain; Enterococcus; fermentation; fermented product; monoculture; nonhuman; polymerase chain reaction; Prosopis; protein degradation; starter culture; vegetable; Bacillus subtilis; Enterococcus; Fermentation; Food Handling; Food Microbiology; Heat; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Nigeria; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Subtilisin; Time Factors; Vegetables; Bacillus cereus; Bacillus subtilis; Enterococcus; Prosopis africana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-50949099887	Evaluation of different methods for the detection and identification of Enterobacter sakazakii isolated from South African infant formula milks and the processing environment	Cawthorn D.-M., Botha S., Witthuhn R.C.	2008	International Journal of Food Microbiology	127	42371	10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.06.024	Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Cawthorn, D.-M., Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Botha, S., Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Witthuhn, R.C., Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Enterobacter sakazakii is an emerging pathogen associated with life-threatening neonatal infections resulting from the consumption of contaminated powdered infant formula milk (IFM). Recent taxonomic analyses have determined that E. sakazakii comprises a number of genomospecies, and it has been proposed that E. sakazakii be reclassified as a novel genus, "Cronobacter". Accurate methods are required for the rapid detection and identification of this group of micro-organisms, since even low cell numbers have been reported to cause disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate various E. sakazakii detection methods in order to ascertain the most suitable method for detection and identification of these pathogenic agents. Samples from IFM and the environment were evaluated for the presence of E. sakazakii using the isolation steps (pre-enrichment, enrichment and selection) described in the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) method for E. sakazakii detection. Sixty-four isolates (50 from IFM and 14 from the environment) were selected from tryptone soy agar (TSA), regardless of colony appearance, and these isolates were identified by 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing. Thereafter, different culture-dependent and culture-independent methods were evaluated to accurately detect and identify the E. sakazakii isolates. These methods included the assessment of yellow pigment production on TSA, typical colonies on chromogenic Druggan-Forsythe-Iversen (DFI) and Chromocult® Enterobacter sakazakii (CES) media and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using six different species-specific primer pairs described in the literature. Identification of E. sakazakii using yellow pigment production was demonstrated to have a low sensitivity, specificity and accuracy (87%, 71% and 74%, respectively), which lowers the suitability of the FDA method. Chromogenic DFI and CES media were sensitive, specific and accurate (100%, 98% and 98%, respectively) for the detection of E. sakazakii. The specificity of the PCR amplifications ranged from 8% to 92%, emphasising the need for rigorous primer testing against closely related species. Of the primer pairs evaluated, Esakf/Esakr were the most suitable for E. sakazakii detection and identification. The detection limit of Esakf/Esakr was found to be 104 CFU/ml. This study demonstrated that no single method was capable of unambiguously confirming the presence and identity of E. sakazakii isolates, that each method had inherent advantages and disadvantages, and that in most cases several methods were required for accurate detection and identification. Further, it was demonstrated that the current FDA method for E. sakazakii detection should be revised in the light of the availability of more sensitive, specific and accurate detection methods. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	16S rDNA; Chromogenic agar; Enterobacter sakazakii; Infant formula milk; PCR	DNA 16S; accuracy; analytic method; article; artificial milk; bacterium culture; bacterium detection; bacterium identification; bacterium isolate; bacterium isolation; colony forming unit; controlled study; DNA sequence; Enterobacter sakazakii; food and drug administration; nonhuman; nucleotide sequence; polymerase chain reaction; sensitivity and specificity; Chromogenic Compounds; Colony Count, Microbial; Consumer Product Safety; Culture Media; Enterobacter sakazakii; Environmental Microbiology; Food Contamination; Food Microbiology; Humans; Infant; Infant Food; Infant Formula; Infant, Newborn; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sensitivity and Specificity; South Africa; Species Specificity; Time Factors; Enterobacter sakazakii	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-55549096688	Evaluation of Enterococcus mundtii ST4SA and Lactobacillus plantarum 423 as probiotics by using a gastro-intestinal model with infant milk formulations as substrate	Botes M., van Reenen C.A., Dicks L.M.T.	2008	International Journal of Food Microbiology	128	2	10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.09.016	Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Botes, M., Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; van Reenen, C.A., Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Dicks, L.M.T., Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Enterococcus mundtii ST4SA and Lactobacillus plantarum 423 produce bacteriocins with activity against a number of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Both strains survived intestinal conditions simulated in a gastro-intestinal model (GIM) with infant milk formulations as substrate and prevented the growth of Listeria monocytogenes ScottA. The strains are inhibited by the antibiotics amoxicillin, cefadroxil, roxithromycin and doxycycline, anti-inflammatory medicaments containing meloxicam, ibuprofen and sodium diklofenak, and analgesics containing paracetamol, codeine phosphate and promethazine. Strain 423 is sensitive to vancomycin and does not contain genes encoding gelatinase, cell aggregation substance (AS), adhesion to collagen (Ace), enterococcus surface protein (Esp), Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis antigen (EfaAfs), cytolysin and non-cytolysin (β-hemolysin III). Genes encoding AS, cytolysin and non-cytolysin (β-hemolysin III) were amplified from the genome of strain ST4SA. Survival of strains ST4SA and 423 improved when used as combined cultures in the GIM and compared well with the survival of commercially available probiotics subjected to the same conditions. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Enterococcus mundtii ST4SA; Lactobacillus plantarum 423; Probiotics	acetylsalicylic acid; amoxicillin; bacterial protein; beta hemolysin iii; cefadroxil; cell aggregation substance; ciprofloxacin; codeine phosphate; collagen; cytolysin; diclofenac; dipyrone; doxycycline; Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis antigen; Enterococcus surface protein; gelatinase; hydrolase; ibuprofen; meloxicam; norfloxacin; paracetamol; piroxicam; prednisolone; promethazine; roxithromycin; unclassified drug; vancomycin; antibacterial activity; antibiotic sensitivity; article; artificial milk; bacterial gene; bacterial genome; bacterial growth; bacterial strain; bacterial survival; bacterium culture; controlled study; Enterococcus; enterococcus mundtii; enzyme activity; gene amplification; genetic code; Lactobacillus plantarum; Listeria monocytogenes; model; nonhuman; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiosis; Bacterial Adhesion; Bacteriocins; Colony Count, Microbial; Consumer Product Safety; Enterococcus; Food Microbiology; Humans; Infant; Infant Formula; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Lactobacillus plantarum; Listeria monocytogenes; Models, Biological; Probiotics; Species Specificity; Enterococcus; Enterococcus faecalis; Enterococcus mundtii; Lactobacillus plantarum; Listeria monocytogenes; Negibacteria; Posibacteria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957281639	Preliminary evaluation of infrared spectroscopy for the differentiation of Brettanomyces bruxellensis strains isolated from red wines	Oelofse A., Malherbe S., Pretorius I.S., Du Toit M.	2010	International Journal of Food Microbiology	143	3	10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.08.004	Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch), ZA 7602, South Africa; The Australian Wine Research Institute, PO Box 197, Glen Osmond (Adelaide), SA 5064, Australia	Oelofse, A., Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch), ZA 7602, South Africa; Malherbe, S., Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch), ZA 7602, South Africa; Pretorius, I.S., The Australian Wine Research Institute, PO Box 197, Glen Osmond (Adelaide), SA 5064, Australia; Du Toit, M., Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch), ZA 7602, South Africa	The objective of this study was to evaluate different infrared spectroscopy methods in combination with chemometrics for the differentiation between Brettanomyces bruxellensis strains. These methods of discrimination were applied to intact yeast cells of B. bruxellensis strains and on wines spoiled by the same strains. Eleven wine isolates of B. bruxellensis were evaluated for volatile phenol production in red wine and their genetic diversity was determined by Restriction Endonuclease Analysis-Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (REA-PFGE). Fourier transform mid-infrared (FTMIR) spectroscopy was used to obtain spectral fingerprints of the spoiled wines. Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) was used to obtain spectral fingerprints from the intact cells of the 11 B. bruxellensis strains. The groupings from the genetic fingerprints obtained with REA-PFGE were used as reference firstly for comparison with the groupings observed with the FTMIR spectral fingerprint of the wines and secondly for the FTIR-ATR spectral fingerprints from the whole cells. Results indicated that ATR-IR spectra obtained by scanning whole cells of B. bruxellensis could be useful for rapid strain typing in comparison or complementary to molecular techniques and FTMIR spectra from wines provide a useful resource for the discrimination between B. bruxellensis contaminated wines. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.	ATR; Brettanomyces; FTMIR; Red wine; Spectral fingerprints; Volatile phenols	phenol; article; Brettanomyces; brettanomyces bruxellensis; chemometric analysis; comparative study; controlled study; finger dermatoglyphics; food analysis; food contamination; food spoilage; fungal strain; genetic analysis; genetic variability; infrared spectroscopy; isolated artery; isolation and purification; multivariate analysis; nonhuman; pulsed field gel electrophoresis; red wine; restriction mapping; species differentiation; yeast cell; Brettanomyces; Food Microbiology; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Wine; Brettanomyces; Dekkera bruxellensis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955716642	Evaluation of the functional potential of Weissella and Lactobacillus isolates obtained from Nigerian traditional fermented foods and cow's intestine	Ayeni F.A., Sánchez B., Adeniyi B.A., de los Reyes-Gavilán C.G., Margolles A., Ruas-Madiedo P.	2011	International Journal of Food Microbiology	147	2	10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.03.014	Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lacteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Ph	Ayeni, F.A., Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lacteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Sánchez, B., Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lacteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; Adeniyi, B.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; de los Reyes-Gavilán, C.G., Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lacteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; Margolles, A., Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lacteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; Ruas-Madiedo, P., Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lacteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain	The characterisation of 24 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates from Nigerian traditional fermented dairy foods, including some cow's intestine isolates, was conducted in order to select isolates for potential use as probiotics. LAB isolates were identified by partial sequencing the 16S rRNA gene as belonging to the species Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus brevis and mainly Weissella confusa. At the end of a characterisation process, 2 L. paracasei and 2 W. confusa isolates were selected, and their resistance to a simulated gastrointestinal digestion and their ability to adhere to eukaryotic cell lines were assessed. The survival to the simulated gastrointestinal passage was higher when bacterial suspensions were made in skimmed milk (2.0 ± 0.8 log units reduction) or at the simulated gastric juice pH 3 (2.7 ± 0.9 log units reduction) than at pH 2.0 (5.5 ± 0.7 log units reduction). Adhesion of LAB to both intestinal and vaginal epithelial models was comparable or higher than that of the reference Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. However, some of the isolates increased the adhesion of the pathogen Escherichia coli LMG2092 to HT-29 and HeLa monolayers. Overall, isolates L. paracasei UI14 and W. confusa UI7 are good candidates for further studying potential benefits that support their use as probiotics. This is one of the few articles reporting the characterisation and the probiotic potential of Weissella, although more studies are needed in order to establish their safety for potential probiotic applications. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	Adhesion epithelial cell culture; Antibiotic resistance; Gastrointestinal transit; Lactobacillus; Probiotic; Weissella	probiotic agent; RNA 16S; animal tissue; article; bacterial survival; bacterium identification; bacterium isolate; cell strain HT29; controlled study; cow; digestion; Escherichia coli; fermentation; food; gene sequence; HeLa cell; human; human cell; intestine; Lactobacillus brevis; Lactobacillus paracasei; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; milk; monolayer culture; Nigeria; nonhuman; pathogenesis; stomach juice; stomach pH; Weissella; Weissella confusa; Animals; Bacterial Adhesion; Cattle; Cell Line; Dairy Products; Escherichia coli; Female; Hela Cells; Humans; Intestines; Lactobacillus; Nigeria; Probiotics; Weissella; Bacteria (microorganisms); Escherichia coli; Eukaryota; Lactobacillus; Lactobacillus brevis; Lactobacillus paracasei; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Weissella; Weissella confusa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893073387	Diversity of aflatoxin-producing fungi and their impact on food safety in sub-Saharan Africa	Probst C., Bandyopadhyay R., Cotty P.J.	2014	International Journal of Food Microbiology	174	None	10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.12.010	The University of Arizona, School of Plant Sciences, Tucson 85721, United States; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IIITA), PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; USDA-ARS, The University of Arizona, School of Plant Sciences, Tucson 85721, United State	Probst, C., The University of Arizona, School of Plant Sciences, Tucson 85721, United States; Bandyopadhyay, R., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IIITA), PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Cotty, P.J., The University of Arizona, School of Plant Sciences, Tucson 85721, United States, USDA-ARS, The University of Arizona, School of Plant Sciences, Tucson 85721, United States	Crops frequently contaminated by aflatoxins are important sources of revenue and daily nourishment in many portions of sub-Saharan Africa. In recent years, reports have associated aflatoxins with diminished human health and export opportunities in many African Nations. Aflatoxins are highly carcinogenic metabolites mainly produced by members of Aspergillus sect. Flavi. The current study examined aflatoxin-producing fungi associated with maize grain intended for human consumption in 18 sub-Saharan African countries. 4469 Aspergillus sect. Flavi isolates were obtained from 339 samples. The majority (75%) of isolates belonged to the L strain morphotype of A. flavus. Minor percentages were A. tamarii (6%), A. parasiticus (1%), and isolates with S strain morphology (3%). No A. bombycis or A. nomius isolates were detected. Phylogenetic analyses of partial sequences of the nitrate reductase gene (niaD, 1.3kb) and the aflatoxin pathway transcription factor gene (aflR, 1.7kb) were used to verify isolate assignments into species and lineages. Phylogenetics resolved S strain isolates producing only B aflatoxins into two lineages fully supported by sizes of deletions in the gene region spanning the aflatoxin biosynthesis genes cypA (aflU) and norB (aflF). One lineage was the A. flavus S strain with either 0.9 or 1.5kb deletions. The second lineage, recently described from Kenya, has a 2.2kb deletion. Taxa with S strain morphology differed in distribution with strain SBG limited to West Africa and both A. minisclerotigenes and the new lineage from Kenya in Central and East Africa. African A. flavus L strain isolates formed a single clade with L strain isolates from other continents. The sampled maize frequently tested positive for aflatoxins (65%), fumonisins (81%), and deoxynivalenol (40%) indicating the presence of fungi capable of producing the respective toxins. Percentage of samples exceeding US limits for total aflatoxins (regulatory limit), fumonisins (advisory limit), and deoxynivalenol (advisory limit) were 47%, 49%, 4%, respectively. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Aflatoxin; Africa; Aspergillus flavus; Food security; Maize; Mycotoxins	aflatoxin; fumonisin; nitrate reductase; transcription factor; vomitoxin; Africa south of the Sahara; article; Aspergillus; cypa gene; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; extraction; food intake; food safety; fungus; fungus isolation; gene; gene amplification; gene deletion; in vitro study; indel mutation; limit of detection; limit of quantitation; maize; microbial diversity; mycotoxin extraction; nonhuman; norb gene; parsimony analysis; phylogeny; plant structures; Aflatoxin; Africa; Aspergillus flavus; Food security; Maize; Mycotoxins; Aflatoxins; Africa South of the Sahara; Aspergillus; Base Sequence; Food Microbiology; Food Safety; Genes, Fungal; Humans; Phylogeny; Sequence Deletion; Zea mays	None
WoS	WOS:000253025900010	Evaluation of health workers' training in use of the partogram	Adeyemi, A. B.,Fatusi, A. O.,Makinde, O. N.,Onwudiegwu, U.,Orji, E. O.	2008	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY &amp; OBSTETRICS	100	1	10.1016/j.ijgo.2007.07.020	Obafemi Awolowo University	"Adeyemi, A. B.: Obafemi Awolowo University","Fatusi, A. O.: Obafemi Awolowo University","Makinde, O. N.: Obafemi Awolowo University","Onwudiegwu, U.: Obafemi Awolowo University","Orji, E. O.: Obafemi Awolowo University"	Objective: To assess the impact of training on use of the partogram for tabor monitoring among various categories of primary health care workers. Methods: Fifty-six health workers offering delivery services in primary health care facilities were trained to use the partogram and were evaluated after 7 months. Results: A total of 242 partograms of women in tabor were plotted over a 1-year period; 76.9% of them were correctly plotted. Community health extension workers (CHEWs) plotted 193 (79.8%) partograms and nurse/midwives plotted 49 (20.2%). Inappropriate action based on the partogram occurred in 6.6%. No statistically significant difference was recorded in the rate of correct plotting and consequent decision-making between nurse/midwives and the CHEWs. Conclusion: Lower cadres of primary health care workers can be effectively trained to use the partogram with satisfactory results, and thus contribute towards improved maternal outcomes in developing countries with scarcity of skilled attendants. (c) 2007 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	NIGERIA,partogram,"primary health care workers","TRAINING PROGRAM",LABOR,MANAGEMENT,MIDWIVES,"ORGANIZATION PARTOGRAPH"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76049094848	Hysterosalpingographic evaluation of 998 consecutive infertile women in Jos, Nigeria	Karshima J.A., Daru P.H., Ekedigwe J.E.	2010	International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics	108	3	10.1016/j.ijgo.2009.10.013	Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria; Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria	Karshima, J.A., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria; Daru, P.H., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria; Ekedigwe, J.E., Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria	[No abstract available]	Central Nigeria; Hysterosalpingography; Infertile women; Tuboperitoneal disease	contrast medium; adolescent; adult; age distribution; article; cannula; clinical evaluation; clinical feature; curettage; endometritis; endometrium polyp; female; female infertility; fimbria; fimbrial phimosis; fistula; gynecological examination; human; hydrosalpinx; hysterosalpingography; intrauterine contraceptive device; major clinical study; medical record review; muscle spasm; Nigeria; pelvic inflammatory disease; pelvis surgery; peritoneal cavity; pregnancy termination; prevalence; priority journal; prognosis; pubic bone; radiology; retrospective study; salpingitis; teaching hospital; urethra stenosis; uterine cervicitis; uterine cervix dilatation; uterine cervix fistula; uterine tube occlusion; uterus bicornis; uterus malformation; uterus myoma; uterus synechia; Adolescent; Adult; Female; Humans; Hysterosalpingography; Infertility, Female; Nigeria; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult	None
None	None	Evaluation of cervical visual inspection screening in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Ngoma T., Muwonge R., Mwaiselage J., Kawegere J., Bukori P., Sankaranarayanan R.	2010	International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics	109	2	10.1016/j.ijgo.2009.11.025	Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Screening Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France	Ngoma, T., Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Muwonge, R., Screening Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Mwaiselage, J., Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Kawegere, J., Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Bukori, P., Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Sankaranarayanan, R., Screening Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France	Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and performance of screening for cervical cancer using visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) or with Lugol's iodine (VILI) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: The accuracy of tests for detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) was assessed in a cross-sectional study of 10 378 women. All women who were screened underwent colposcopy, and biopsies were offered to those with abnormal colposcopy results. Results: The positivity rates were 3.8% for VIA and 4.8% for VILI. The peak positivity rates for both visual tests were observed just after training or re-training and gradually declined thereafter. CIN 1 was diagnosed in 41 women, CIN 2-3 in 33 women, and invasive cancer in 200 women, showing high detection rates of invasive cancer. The sensitivity and specificity for the detection of CIN 2-3 lesions were 60.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 42.1-77.1) and 98.2% (95% CI, 97.9-98.4), respectively, for VIA; and 93.9% (95% CI, 79.8-99.3) and 97.3% (95% CI, 97.0-97.6), respectively, for VILI. Two-thirds of the women detected with CIN 2-3 lesions were treated. Conclusion: Both visual screening tests are useful and accurate, especially in low-income settings. Standardization of assessment of the visual inspection techniques, continual training and supervision, and quality control measures are important for successful visual screening programs. © 2010 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics.	Cervical cancer; Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; Early detection; Visual inspection screening	acetic acid; lugol; adult; article; cancer invasion; cancer screening; colposcopy; controlled study; diagnostic accuracy; feasibility study; female; genital system examination; histopathology; human; lowest income group; major clinical study; priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; Tanzania; uterine cervix carcinoma in situ; Acetic Acid; Adult; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Iodides; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Precancerous Conditions; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tanzania; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms	None
WoS	WOS:000282735100003	Impact of ALSO training on the management of prolonged labor and neonatal care at Kagera Regional Hospital, Tanzania	Elsass, Peter,Massawe, Siriel,Nielsen, Birgitte Bruun,Nyakina, Juma,Rasch, Vibeke,Sorensen, Bjarke Lund	2010	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY &amp; OBSTETRICS	111	1	10.1016/j.ijgo.2010.04.031	Aarhus University, University of Copenhagen, Kagera Reg Hosp, Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Odense Univ Hosp	"Elsass, Peter: University of Copenhagen","Nielsen, Birgitte Bruun: Aarhus University","Sorensen, Bjarke Lund: University of Copenhagen",	Objective: To evaluate the management of prolonged labor and neonatal care before and after Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics (ALSO) training. Methods: Staff involved in childbirth at Kagera Regional Hospital, Tanzania, attended a 2-day ALSO provider course. In this prospective intervention study conducted between July and November 2008, the management and outcomes of 558 deliveries before and 550 after the training were observed. Results: There was no significant difference in the rate of cesarean deliveries owing to prolonged labor, and vacuum delivery was not practiced after the intervention. During prolonged labor, action was delayed for more than 3 hours in half of the cases. The stillbirth rate. Apgar scores, and frequency of neonatal resuscitation did not change significantly. After the intervention, there was a significant increase in newborns given to their mothers within 10 minutes, from 5.6% to 71.5% (RR 12.71; 95% CI, 9.04-17.88). There was a significant decrease from 6 to 0 neonatal deaths before discharge among those born with an Apgar score after 1 minute of 4 or more (P=0.03). Conclusion: ALSO training had no effect on the management of prolonged labor. Early contact between newborn and mother was more frequently practiced after ALSO training and the immediate neonatal mortality decreased. (C) 2010 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	"Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics (ALSO)","clinical skills training","emergency obstetric and neonatal care","MATERNAL MORTALITY","NEONATAL CARE","PROLONGED LABOR",Tanzania,MORTALITY	None	None
WoS	WOS:000280501500030	An evaluation of a national intervention to improve the postabortion care content of midwifery education in Nigeria	Akiode, Akinsewa,Daroda, Ramatu,Fetters, Tamara,Oji, Ejike,Okeke, Bridget	2010	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY &amp; OBSTETRICS	110	2	10.1016/j.ijgo.2010.05.003	Ipas, Ipas Nigeria	None	Objective: To examine the impact of a national intervention to improve the postabortion care (PAC) content of midwifery education in Nigeria. Methods: A 3-part quantitative assessment was carried out during and post-intervention. The first baseline component developed and examined the intervention to improve teaching capacity and improve the PAC curriculum among 6 midwifery schools that were to become regional training centers. The second survey was a pre- and post-assessment conducted among midwifery instructors from all schools of midwifery schools were interviewed once 3-9 months after graduation to evaluate whether the intervention had improved their knowledge of PAC and clinical practice, and the likelihood that they would provide PAC after graduation. Results: Data from 6 schools of midwifery in 2003 showed that none offered PAC or had educators trained in PAC prior to the intervention. Incorporation of PAC content and teaching capacity increased in all 6 study schools during the 3 years after a national intervention. Midwifery instructors demonstrated statistically significant improvements in knowledge of and exposure to PAC and manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) after the intervention. A follow-up interview with 149 student midwives post graduation showed increased knowledge, exposure to, and use of MVA in the workplace. Conclusion: Significant changes in graduate midwives' exposure, practice, and provision of PAC services resulted from a national intervention to improve the training environment and skills of midwifery instructors and students in the 6 schools of midwifery selected for evaluation. (C) 2010 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	"MANUAL VACUUM ASPIRATION","midwifery education","postabortion care",pre-service,COMPLICATIONS,INDUCED-ABORTION,"UNSAFE ABORTION","UNWANTED PREGNANCY"	None	None
None	None	Expected to deliver: Alignment of regulation, training, and actual performance of emergency obstetric care providers in Malawi and Tanzania	Lobis S., Mbaruku G., Kamwendo F., McAuliffe E., Austin J., De Pinho H.	2011	International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics	115	3	10.1016/j.ijgo.2011.09.008	Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi; Centre for Global Health, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland	Lobis, S., Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Mbaruku, G., Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Kamwendo, F., College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi; McAuliffe, E., Centre for Global Health, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland; Austin, J., Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; De Pinho, H., Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States	Objective: Policy, regulation, training, and support for cadres adopting tasks and roles outside their historical domain have lagged behind the practical shift in service-delivery on the ground. The Health Systems Strengthening for Equity (HSSE) project sought to assess the alignment between national policy and regulation, preservice training, district level expectations, and clinical practice of cadres providing some or all components of emergency obstetric care (EmOC) in Malawi and Tanzania. Methods: A mixed methods approach was used, including key informant interviews, a survey of District Health Management Teams, and a survey of health providers employed at a representative sample of health facilities. Results: A lack of alignment between national policy and regulation, training, and clinical practice was observed in both countries, particularly for cadres with less preservice training; a closer alignment was found between district level expectations and reported clinical practice. There is ineffective use of cadres that are trained and authorized to provide EmOC, but who are not delivering care, especially assisted vaginal delivery. Conclusion: Better alignment between policy and practice, and support and training, and more efficient utilization of clinical staff are needed to achieve the quality health care for which the Malawian and Tanzanian health ministries and governments are accountable. © 2011 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Emergency obstetric care; Malawi; Nonphysician clinician; Preservice education; Regulation; Tanzania; Task shifting	article; clinical practice; comparative study; emergency obstetric care; health care personnel; health care policy; health care quality; human; interview; Malawi; midwife; obstetric care; performance; physician; priority journal; registered nurse; Tanzania; training; vaginal delivery; Data Collection; Delivery of Health Care; Delivery, Obstetric; Emergency Medical Services; Female; Health Policy; Humans; Malawi; Maternal Health Services; Pregnancy; Quality of Health Care; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888010002	Does integrating family planning into HIV care and treatment impact intention to use contraception? Patient perspectives from HIV-infected individuals in Nyanza Province, Kenya	Newmann S.J., Grossman D., Blat C., Onono M., Steinfeld R., Bukusi E.A., Shade S., Cohen C.R.	2013	International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics	123	SUPPL.1	10.1016/j.ijgo.2013.08.001	Bixby Center for Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Ibis Reproductive Health, Oakland, United States; Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Center for AIDS Prevention, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States	Newmann, S.J., Bixby Center for Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Grossman, D., Bixby Center for Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, United States, Ibis Reproductive Health, Oakland, United States; Blat, C., Bixby Center for Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Onono, M., Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Steinfeld, R., Bixby Center for Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Bukusi, E.A., Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Shade, S., Center for AIDS Prevention, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Cohen, C.R., Bixby Center for Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, United States	Objective To evaluate whether HIV-infected women and men in HIV care and not using highly effective methods of contraception thought they would be more likely to use contraception if it were available at the HIV clinic. Methods A face-to-face survey assessing family-planning knowledge, attitudes, and practices was conducted among 976 HIV-infected women and men at 18 public-sector HIV clinics in Nyanza, Kenya. Data were analyzed using logistic regression and generalized estimating equations. Results The majority of women (73%) and men (71%) thought that they or their partner would be more likely to use family planning if it were offered at the HIV clinic. In multivariable analysis, women who reported making family-planning decisions with their partner (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.53-6.80) and women aged 18-25 years who were not currently using family planning (aOR 4.76; 95% CI, 2.28-9.95) were more likely to think they would use contraception if integrated services were available. Women who perceived themselves to be infertile (aOR 0.07; 95% CI, 0.02-0.31) and had access to a cell phone (aOR 0.40; 95% CI, 0.25-0.63) were less likely to think that integrated services would change their contraceptive use. Men who were not taking antiretroviral medications (aOR 3.30; 95% CI, 1.49-7.29) were more likely, and men who were unsure of their partner's desired number of children (aOR 0.36; 95% CI, 0.17-0.76), were not currently using family planning (aOR 0.40; 95% CI, 0.22-0.73), and were living in a peri-urban setting (aOR 0.46; 95% CI, 0.21-0.99) were less likely to think their partner would use contraception if available at the HIV clinic. Conclusions Integrating family planning into HIV care would probably have a broad impact on the majority of women and men accessing HIV care and treatment. Integrated services would offer the opportunity to involve men more actively in the contraceptive decision-making process, potentially addressing 2 barriers to family planning: access to contraception and partner uncertainty or opposition. © 2013 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics.	Contraception; Decision making; Family planning; HIV; Integration	adult; article; attitude; contraception; decision making; family planning; female; health care; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Kenya; major clinical study; male; mobile phone; priority journal; Contraception; Decision making; Family planning; HIV; Integration; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Contraception; Contraception Behavior; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data Collection; Decision Making; Delivery of Health Care, Integrated; Family Planning Services; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Kenya; Logistic Models; Male; Multivariate Analysis; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Sexual Partners; Young Adult	National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences; NIH, National Institutes of Health
WoS	WOS:000344206200017	One-year evaluation of the impact of an emergency obstetric and neonatal care training program in Western Kenya	Bocking, Alan D.,Caloia, David,Chemwolo, Benjamin,Christoffersen-Deb, Astrid,Maina, Loise,Omenge, Elkanah,Sitters, Johanna,Spitzer, Rachel F.,Steele, Sarah Jane,Thorne, Julie,Yarmoshuk, Aaron	2014	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY &amp; OBSTETRICS	127	2	10.1016/j.ijgo.2014.05.023	Moi University, University of Toronto	"Bocking, Alan D.: University of Toronto","Caloia, David: University of Toronto","Omenge, Elkanah: Moi University","Spitzer, Rachel F.: University of Toronto","Steele, Sarah Jane: University of Toronto","Thorne, Julie: University of Toronto","Yarmoshuk, Aaron: University of Toronto",	Objective: To determine the impact of introducing an emergency obstetric and neonatal care training program on maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldora Kenya. Methods: A prospective chart review was conducted of all deliveries during the 3-month period (November 2009 to January 2010) before the introduction of the Advances in Labor and Risk Management International Program (AIP), and in the 3-month period (August-November 2011) 1 year after the introduction of the AIP. All women who were admitted and delivered after 28 weeks of pregnancy were included. The primary outcome was the direct obstetric case fatality rate. Results: A total of 1741 deliveries occurred during the baseline period and 1812 in the post-intervention period. Only one mother died in each period. However, postpartum hemorrhage rates decreased, affecting 59 (3.5%) of 1669 patients before implementation and 40 (2.3%) of 1751 afterwards (P = 0.029). The number of patients who received oxytocin increased from 829 (47.6%) to 1669 (92.1%; P&lt; 0.001). Additionally, the number of neonates with 5-minute Apgar scores of less than 5 reduced from 133 (7.7%) of 1717 to 95 (5.4%) of 1745 (P = 0.006). Conclusion: The introduction of the AIP improved maternal outcomes. There were significant differences related to use of oxytocin and postpartum hemorrhage. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. on behalf of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics.	"Emergency obstetric and neonatal care (EmONC)",evaluation,"MATERNAL MORBIDITY","MATERNAL MORTALITY",OBSTETRICS,TRAINING,"CLUSTER-RANDOMIZED TRIAL",MALI,"MATERNAL MORTALITY",QUALITY-OF-CARE,QUARITE,RISK-MANAGEMENT,SENEGAL,TECHNOLOGY	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84931572586	Laboratory evaluation of three dual rapid diagnostic tests for HIV and syphilis in China and Nigeria	Yin Y.-P., Ngige E., Anyaike C., Ijaodola G., Oyelade T.A., Vaz R.G., Newman L.M., Chen X.-S.	2015	International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics	130	S1	10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.04.004	National Center for STD Control, Institute of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College, 12 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing, China; National AIDS and STIs Control Program, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria; World Health Organization, Abuja, Nigeria	Yin, Y.-P., National Center for STD Control, Institute of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College, 12 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing, China; Ngige, E., National AIDS and STIs Control Program, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria; Anyaike, C., National AIDS and STIs Control Program, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria; Ijaodola, G., National AIDS and STIs Control Program, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria; Oyelade, T.A., World Health Organization, Abuja, Nigeria; Vaz, R.G., World Health Organization, Abuja, Nigeria; Newman, L.M., World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Chen, X.-S., National Center for STD Control, Institute of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College, 12 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing, China	Abstract Objective To determine the laboratory-based performance and operational characteristics of three dual rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for testing HIV and syphilis. Methods Three dual RDTs (SD Bioline, Chembio, and MedMira) were evaluated using 1514 serum specimens archived at laboratories or collected from clinics in China and Nigeria to determine sensitivity and specificity, with 95% confidence intervals. Concordance of testing results read by two technicians, stability of testing results read at two time points, and test operation characteristics were also assessed. Results All three of the evaluated RDTs gave excellent performance with a combined sensitivity ranging from 99.0%-99.6% for HIV and 98.3%-99.0% for syphilis, and a combined specificity ranging from 97.9%-99.0% for HIV and 97.2%-99.6% for syphilis. Concordance of testing results between two technicians and stability of testing results read within and one hour past the recommended reading period showed excellent agreement, with Kappa greater than or equal to 0.98. Conclusions All the tests were found to be very or fairly easy to use and easy to interpret the results. Further evaluations of these dual RDTs with whole blood in field settings, and more studies on the implication of introduction of these tests in HIV and syphilis control programs are needed. © 2015 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.	HIV; Rapid tests; Sensitivity; Specificity; Syphilis	Human immunodeficiency virus antibody; Article; China; diagnostic test accuracy study; evaluation study; HIV rapid test; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; intermethod comparison; laboratory; Nigeria; performance; priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; syphilis; syphilis rapid test	World Health Organization; UNFPA, World Health Organization; WHO, World Health Organization
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953063312	Health impact of small-community water supply reliability	Majuru B., Michael Mokoena M., Jagals P., Hunter P.R.	2011	International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health	214	2	10.1016/j.ijheh.2010.10.005	Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; School of Medicine, Health Policy and Practice, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom	Majuru, B., Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Michael Mokoena, M., Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Jagals, P., Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Hunter, P.R., School of Medicine, Health Policy and Practice, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom	There is still debate and uncertainty in the literature about the health benefits of community water supply interventions. This paper reports on a changing incidence of self-reported diarrhoea associated with the implementation of two community water supplies. We conducted prospective weekly recording of diarrhoeal disease in three communities. Two of the communities were scheduled to receive an improved water supply and one was expected to continue to rely on an unimproved source during the study period. Data of self-reported diarrhoea was collected from each participating household on a weekly basis for up to 56 weeks, of which some 17 weeks were prior to implementation of the new water supply systems. Data was modelled using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) to account for possible clustering within households and within villages. For the two intervention communities in the study, the incidence rate ratio (IRR) for all ages after the intervention was 0.43 (95% CI 0.24-0.79) when compared to the control community (who did not receive an intervention), implying a 57% reduction of diarrhoea. Both of the new water systems were unreliable, one not operating on 4 weeks and the other on 16 weeks. The more reliable of the two intervention systems was also associated with less illness than in the least reliable system (IRR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.21-0.80). We also noted anecdotal reports that during supply failures in the new systems some people were starting to use household water treatment. The implementation of improved water systems does appear to have been associated with a reduction of diarrhoeal disease in the communities. However the health impact was most obvious in the community with the more reliable system. Further research needs to be done to determine whether public health gains from community water supply interventions can be leveraged by occasional use of household water treatment (HWT) during supply failures. © 2010 Elsevier GmbH.	Diarrhoea; Household water treatment; Reliability; Small-community water supply	article; biological model; demography; diarrhea; environmental exposure; evaluation; family size; incidence; methodology; prospective study; public health; standard; water management; water pollution; water supply; Diarrhea; Environmental Exposure; Family Characteristics; Incidence; Models, Biological; Prospective Studies; Public Health; Residence Characteristics; Water Pollution; Water Purification; Water Supply	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877102385	The impacts of complementary information technology resources on the service-profit chain and competitive performance of South African hospitality firms	Cohen J.F., Olsen K.	2013	International Journal of Hospitality Management	34	1	10.1016/j.ijhm.2013.04.005	School of Economic and Business Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Cohen, J.F., School of Economic and Business Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Olsen, K., School of Economic and Business Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	The potential of information technology (IT) resources to empower employees, to shape customer service and contribute to the competitive performance of hospitality firms has received much attention. Yet empirical evidence has been lacking. This study draws on the resource-based view of the firm and the service-profit chain framework to develop and test a model of the effects of a complementary system of tangible and intangible IT resources on employee and customer service outcomes and on competitive performance. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 112 hospitality establishments operating in South Africa. Results revealed that the complementary system of IT resources has significant direct effects on competitive performance whilst its effect on customer service outcomes is fully mediated by employee outcomes. Results support the contention that hospitality service is information intensive. In addition to employees, tangible and intangible IT resources demand the attention of hospitality managers and their role in competitive strategy must be considered. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Competitiveness; Customer service; Hospitality; Information technology; Resource complementarity; Service-profit chain	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-44749089181	High DMFC performance output using modified acid-base polymer blend	Pasupathi S., Ji S., Jan Bladergroen B., Linkov V.	2008	International Journal of Hydrogen Energy	33	12	10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.01.033	University of the Western Cape, SAIAMC, Modderdam Road, Bellville 7535 Cape Town, South Africa	Pasupathi, S., University of the Western Cape, SAIAMC, Modderdam Road, Bellville 7535 Cape Town, South Africa; Ji, S., University of the Western Cape, SAIAMC, Modderdam Road, Bellville 7535 Cape Town, South Africa; Jan Bladergroen, B., University of the Western Cape, SAIAMC, Modderdam Road, Bellville 7535 Cape Town, South Africa; Linkov, V., University of the Western Cape, SAIAMC, Modderdam Road, Bellville 7535 Cape Town, South Africa	An acid-base polymer blend membrane based on sulphonated poly(etheretherketone) (SPEEK) and poly(benzimidazole) (PBI) was developed for direct methanol fuel cells. Thermal stability, water uptake, ion exchange capacity, conductivity and fuel cell performance of the membrane were studied and compared to that of nafion. The conductivity of nafion was found to be superior to SPEEK/PBI membrane; however, the thickness of SPEEK/PBI membranes can be reduced considerably. SPEEK/PBI membrane with a thickness of 55 μ m showed a significant improvement in the DMFC performance as compared to Nafion 117. The maximum power densities obtained with SPEEK/PBI membranes are twice better than Nafion 117 at 60 °C. SPEEK/PBI membranes showed excellent stability under DMFC operating conditions up to 60 °C and therefore are seen as ideal candidates for portable DMFC applications. © 2008 International Association for Hydrogen Energy.	DMFC; PBI; Polymer blend; Power densities; Proton conducting membranes; SPEEK	Ion exchange membranes; Polyether ether ketones; Polymer blends; Polymeric membranes; Thermodynamic stability; Poly(benzimidazole) (PBI); Power densities; Proton conducting membranes; Sulphonated poly(etheretherketone) (SPEEK); Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054681176	Study of catalyst sprayed membrane under irradiation method to prepare high performance membrane electrode assemblies for solid polymer electrolyte water electrolysis	Su H., Bladergroen B.J., Linkov V., Pasupathi S., Ji S.	2011	International Journal of Hydrogen Energy	36	23	10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.08.057	South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa	Su, H., South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Bladergroen, B.J., South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Linkov, V., South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Pasupathi, S., South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Ji, S., South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa	In this work, a catalyst sprayed membrane under irradiation (CSMUI) method was investigated to develop high performance membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) water electrolysis. The water electrolysis performance and properties of the prepared MEA were evaluated and analyzed by polarization curves, electrochemistry impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The characterizations revealed that the CSMUI method is very effective for preparing high performance MEA for SPE water electrolysis: the cell voltage can be as low as 1.564 V at 1 A cm-2 and the terminal voltage is only 1.669 V at 2 A cm-2, which are among the best results yet reported for SPE water electrolysis with IrO2 catalyst. Also, it is found that the noble metal catalysts loadings of the MEA prepared by this method can be greatly decreased without significant performance degradation. At a current density of 1 A cm-2, the MEA showed good stability for water electrolysis operating: the cell voltage remained at 1.60 V without obvious deterioration after 105 h operation under atmosphere pressure and 80 °C. ©2011, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Catalyst sprayed membrane under irradiation method; High performance; Membrane electrode assembly; Solid polymer electrolyte; Water electrolysis	Atmosphere pressure; Cell voltages; Electrochemistry impedance spectroscopy; Good stability; High performance; Membrane electrode assemblies; Membrane electrode assembly; Noble metal catalysts; Performance degradation; Polarization curves; Solid polymer electrolyte; Solid polymer electrolytes; Terminal voltages; Water electrolysis; Catalysts; Hydrogen; Irradiation; Membranes; Polyelectrolytes; Polymers; Precious metals; Scanning electron microscopy; Electrolysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883134477	Fuel cell-battery hybrid powered light electric vehicle (golf cart): Influence of fuel cell on the driving performance	Tolj I., Lototskyy M.V., Davids M.W., Pasupathi S., Swart G., Pollet B.G.	2013	International Journal of Hydrogen Energy	38	25	10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.06.072	Faculty of Natural Sciences, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa	Tolj, I., Faculty of Natural Sciences, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Lototskyy, M.V., Faculty of Natural Sciences, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Davids, M.W., Faculty of Natural Sciences, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Pasupathi, S., Faculty of Natural Sciences, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Swart, G., Faculty of Natural Sciences, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Pollet, B.G., Faculty of Natural Sciences, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa	A light electric vehicle (golf cart, 5 kW nominal motor power) was integrated with a commercial 1.2 kW PEM fuel cell system, and fuelled by compressed hydrogen (two composite cylinders, 6.8 L/300 bar each). Comparative driving tests in the battery and hybrid (battery + fuel cell) powering modes were performed. The introduction of the fuel cell was shown to result in extending the driving range by 63-110%, when the amount of the stored H 2 fuel varied within 55-100% of the maximum capacity. The operation in the hybrid mode resulted in more stable driving performances, as well as in the increase of the total energy both withdrawn by the vehicle and returned to the vehicle battery during the driving. Statistical analysis of the power patterns taken during the driving in the battery and hybrid-powering modes showed that the latter provided stable operation in a wider power range, including higher frequency and higher average values of the peak power. Copyright © 2013, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC.	Driving performance; Hybrid electric vehicle; Light electric vehicle; Proton exchange membrane fuel cell	Composite cylinders; Compressed hydrogens; Driving performance; Higher frequencies; Light electric vehicles; PEM fuel cell system; Stable operation; Vehicle battery; Automobile drivers; Hybrid vehicles; Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC); SportS; Electric vehicles	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84882451914	Optimization of gas diffusion electrode for polybenzimidazole-based high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell: Evaluation of polymer binders in catalyst layer	Su H., Pasupathi S., Bladergroen B., Linkov V., Pollet B.G.	2013	International Journal of Hydrogen Energy	38	26	10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.06.107	HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa	Su, H., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Pasupathi, S., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Bladergroen, B., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Linkov, V., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Pollet, B.G., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa	Gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) prepared with various polymer binders in their catalyst layers (CLs) were investigated to optimize the performance of phosphoric acid doped polybenzimidazole (PBI)-based high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs). The properties of these binders in the CLs were evaluated by structure characterization, electrochemical analysis, single cell polarization and durability test. The results showed that polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) are more attractive as CL binders than conventional PBI or Nafion binder. At ambient pressure and 160 C, the maximum power density can reach ∼ 0.61 W cm -2 (PTFE GDE), and the current density at 0.6 V is up to ca. 0.52 A cm-2 (PVDF GDE), with H2/air and a platinum loading of 0.5 mg cm-2 on these electrodes. Also, both GDEs showed good stability for fuel cell operation in a short term durability test. Copyright © 2013, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Gas diffusion electrode; High temperature proton exchange; Membrane electrode assembly; membrane fuel cell; Polybenzimidazole; Polymer binder	Gas diffusion electrodes; Membrane electrode assemblies; Membrane fuel cells; Polybenzimidazole; Polymer binders; Proton exchange; Catalysts; Diffusion in gases; Durability; Optimization; Polymers; Polytetrafluoroethylenes; Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC); Binders	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899942865	Experimental performance evaluation of an ammonia-fuelled microchannel reformer for hydrogen generation	Chiuta S., Everson R.C., Neomagus H.W.J.P., Bessarabov D.G.	2014	International Journal of Hydrogen Energy	39	14	10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.02.176	HySA Infrastructure Centre of Competence, North-West University, Faculty of Engineering, Private Bag X6001, 2520, South Africa; School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Faculty of Engineering, Private Bag X6001, 2520, South Africa	Chiuta, S., HySA Infrastructure Centre of Competence, North-West University, Faculty of Engineering, Private Bag X6001, 2520, South Africa, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Faculty of Engineering, Private Bag X6001, 2520, South Africa; Everson, R.C., HySA Infrastructure Centre of Competence, North-West University, Faculty of Engineering, Private Bag X6001, 2520, South Africa, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Faculty of Engineering, Private Bag X6001, 2520, South Africa; Neomagus, H.W.J.P., HySA Infrastructure Centre of Competence, North-West University, Faculty of Engineering, Private Bag X6001, 2520, South Africa, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Faculty of Engineering, Private Bag X6001, 2520, South Africa; Bessarabov, D.G., HySA Infrastructure Centre of Competence, North-West University, Faculty of Engineering, Private Bag X6001, 2520, South Africa	Microchannel reactors appear attractive as integral parts of fuel processors to generate hydrogen (H2) for portable and distributed fuel cell applications. The work described in this paper evaluates, characterizes, and demonstrates miniaturized H2 production in a stand-alone ammonia-fuelled microchannel reformer. The performance of the microchannel reformer is investigated as a function of reaction temperature (450-700 °C) and gas-hourly-space-velocity (6520-32,600 Nml g cat -1 h-1). The reformer operated in a daily start-up and shut-down (DSS)-like mode for a total 750 h comprising of 125 cycles, all to mimic frequent intermittent operation envisaged for fuel cell systems. The reformer exhibited remarkable operation demonstrating 98.7% NH 3 conversion at 32,600 Nml gcat -1 h -1 and 700 °C to generate an estimated fuel cell power output of 5.7 We and power density of 16 kWe L-1 (based on effective reactor volume). At the same time, reformer operation yielded low pressure drop (&lt;10 Pa mm-1) for all conditions considered. Overall, the microchannel reformer performed sufficiently exceptional to warrant serious consideration in supplying H2 to fuel cell systems. Copyright © 2014, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Ammonia decomposition; Fuel cells; Hydrogen generation; Microchannel reactor; Performance evaluation	Ammonia; Fuel cells; Fuel systems; Hydrogen production; Ammonia decomposition; Experimental performance evaluations; Fuel cell application; Hydrogen generations; Intermittent operation; Micro channel reactors; Microchannel reformers; Performance evaluation; Microchannels	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908179480	Evaluation of MEA manufacturing parameters using EIS for SO2 electrolysis	Krüger A.J., Krieg H.M., Van Der Merwe J., Bessarabov D.	2014	International Journal of Hydrogen Energy	39	32	10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.09.012	DST HySA Infrastructure Centre of Competence, Faculty of Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Chemical Resource Beneficiation, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Krüger, A.J., DST HySA Infrastructure Centre of Competence, Faculty of Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa, Chemical Resource Beneficiation, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Krieg, H.M., Chemical Resource Beneficiation, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Van Der Merwe, J., DST HySA Infrastructure Centre of Competence, Faculty of Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Bessarabov, D., DST HySA Infrastructure Centre of Competence, Faculty of Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Membrane electrode assembly (MEA) manufacturing parameters such as hot pressing pressure and pressing time were investigated for the use in a SO2 electrolyser. The SO2 electrolysis was optimised in terms of cell temperature, membrane thickness and catalyst loading. The electrolysis efficiency was evaluated using polarisation curves while electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to determine the membrane resistance, activation energy and mass transport limitations. An electrical circuit, which included inductance, ohmic resistance, charge transfer, constant phase and Warburg elements, was used to fit the experimental data. The optimum hot pressing conditions were 50 kg cm-2 for 5 min at 120°C. Increased cell temperature (80°C) resulted in a reduction of mass transport, while thicker membranes resulted in an increased mass transport due to lower water transport through the membrane. Increased catalyst loading (from 0.3 to 1 mgPtC.cm-2) improved the cell performance due to improved kinetics confirmed by the EIS data. © 2014, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; Hydrogen production; Proton exchange membrane; SO2 electrolyser	Hydrogen production; Electrolysers; Manufacturing parameters; Proton exchange membranes; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921889220	Sulphur trioxide decomposition with supported platinum/palladium on rutile catalyst: 2. Performance of a laboratory fixed bed reactor	Stander B.F., Everson R.C., Neomagus H.W.J.P., Van Der Merwe A.F., Tietz M.R.	2015	International Journal of Hydrogen Energy	40	6	10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.12.087	Chemical Resources Beneficiation Research Group, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Stander, B.F., Chemical Resources Beneficiation Research Group, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Everson, R.C., Chemical Resources Beneficiation Research Group, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Neomagus, H.W.J.P., Chemical Resources Beneficiation Research Group, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Van Der Merwe, A.F., Chemical Resources Beneficiation Research Group, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Tietz, M.R., Chemical Resources Beneficiation Research Group, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	The construction, operation and experimental evaluation of a laboratory scale fixed bed reactor for the decomposition of sulphur trioxide with a supported platinum and palladium based catalyst, were undertaken. The heating was accomplished with an electrical furnace and the objective was to operate at steady state with an acceptable conversion of sulphur trioxide involving an endothermic reaction. The catalyst consisted of 0.5 wt.% platinum and 0.5 wt.% palladium on rutile and the effect of the inlet temperature and weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) was investigated. It was found that the reactor attained a steady state of operation for experiments conducted over a temperature range of 903 K and 1103 K with a sintered pelletized catalyst at a high temperature prior to reduction and reaction. Sulphur trioxide conversions equivalent to 60%, within 80% of the equilibrium value, were obtained at 1103 K over a range of weight hourly space velocities (2.6-865 h-1) involving a low gas velocity (Rep = 16) with a range of fixed bed configurations (2.5 mm diameter with 5-400 mm bed lengths). © 2014 Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC.	Fixed bed reactor performance; Platinum-palladium catalyst; Sulphur trioxide decomposition	Catalysts; Enzyme immobilization; Oxide minerals; Platinum; Sintering; Sulfur; Endothermic reactions; Equilibrium value; Experimental evaluation; Fixed bed reactor; Inlet temperature; Palladium catalyst; Platinum and palladiums; Weight hourly space velocity; Chemical reactors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922459714	Performance evaluation of a high-throughput microchannel reactor for ammonia decomposition over a commercial Ru-based catalyst	Chiuta S., Everson R.C., Neomagus H.W.J.P., Bessarabov D.G.	2015	International Journal of Hydrogen Energy	40	7	10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.01.003	HySA Infrastructure Centre of Competence, North-West University, Faculty of Engineering, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa; School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Faculty of Engineering, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa	Chiuta, S., HySA Infrastructure Centre of Competence, North-West University, Faculty of Engineering, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Faculty of Engineering, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa; Everson, R.C., HySA Infrastructure Centre of Competence, North-West University, Faculty of Engineering, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Faculty of Engineering, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa; Neomagus, H.W.J.P., HySA Infrastructure Centre of Competence, North-West University, Faculty of Engineering, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Faculty of Engineering, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa; Bessarabov, D.G., HySA Infrastructure Centre of Competence, North-West University, Faculty of Engineering, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa	In this work, the prospect of producing hydrogen (H2) via ammonia (NH3) decomposition was evaluated in an experimental stand-alone microchannel reactor wash-coated with a commercial Ruthenium-based catalyst. The reactor performance was investigated under atmospheric pressure as a function of reaction temperature (723-873 K) and gas-hourly-space-velocity (65.2-326.1 Nl gcat -1 h-1). Ammonia conversion of 99.8% was demonstrated at 326.1 Nl gcat -1 h-1 and 873 K. The H2 produced at this operating condition was sufficient to yield an estimated fuel cell power output of 60 We and power density of 164 kWe L-1. Overall, the microchannel reactor considered here outperformed the Ni-based microstructured system used in our previous work. © 2015 Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC.	Ammonia decomposition; Fuel cells; Hydrogen generation; Microchannel reactor; Performance evaluation; Ruthenium catalyst	Ammonia; Atmospheric pressure; Catalysts; Fuel cells; Hydrogen; Hydrogen production; Ruthenium; Ammonia decomposition; Hydrogen generations; Micro channel reactors; Performance evaluation; Ruthenium catalysts; Microchannels	85309, NRF, Neurosurgical Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937725758	Evaluation of covalently and ionically cross-linked PBI-excess blends for application in SO<inf>2</inf> electrolysis	Krüger A.J., Kerres J., Bessarabov D., Krieg H.M.	2015	International Journal of Hydrogen Energy	40	29	10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.05.063	DST HySA Infrastructure Centre of Competence, Faculty of Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Focus Area: Chemical Resource Beneficiation, Faculty of Natural Science, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Institute of Chemical Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany	Krüger, A.J., DST HySA Infrastructure Centre of Competence, Faculty of Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Kerres, J., Focus Area: Chemical Resource Beneficiation, Faculty of Natural Science, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa, Institute of Chemical Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany; Bessarabov, D., DST HySA Infrastructure Centre of Competence, Faculty of Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Krieg, H.M., Focus Area: Chemical Resource Beneficiation, Faculty of Natural Science, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Abstract Proton exchange membranes (PEM) containing various combinations of PPOBr (pol(2,6-dimethylbromide-1,4-phenylene oxide, covalently cross-linked) or PWN (poly(tetrafluorostyrene-4-phosphonic acid), ionically cross-linked) were evaluated for their suitability in an SO<inf>2</inf> electrolyser environment. Since H<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf> is produced during the oxidation of SO<inf>2</inf> in the presence of water, the membranes used in the electrolyser must be both chemically and electrochemically stable. Acid stability tests showed that the blend membranes are stable in 80 wt % acidic media at 80°C for 120 h. The electrochemical characterisation included polarisation curves, voltage stepping and long term operation. Using polarisation curves two blend combinations were selected for the voltage stepping. Both types of blend membranes showed high stability up to 110 cycles while the F<inf>6</inf>PBI/PPOBr blend membrane had comparable (to N115®) long term operating voltage, while the F<inf>6</inf>PBI/PWN blend membrane showed improved voltage, attaining 0.781 V compared to the 0.812 V obtained when using N115 at 0.1 A cm-2. © 2015 Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC.	Covalently cross-linked; F<inf>6</inf>PBI blend proton exchange membranes; Ionically cross-linked; Long term operation; SO<inf>2</inf> electrolysis; Voltage stepping	Blending; Electrolysis; Membranes; Polarization; Covalently cross-linked; Ionically cross-linked; Long term operation; Operating voltage; Polarisation curves; Presence of water; Proton exchange membranes; Proton-exchange membrane; Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC)	KE 673/11-1, DFG, Department of Science and Technology, Republic of South Africa; DST, Department of Science and Technology, Republic of South Africa
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947722705	Enhanced low-humidity performance in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell by the insertion of microcrystalline cellulose between the gas diffusion layer and the anode catalyst layer	Hou S., Su H., Zou H., Dang D., Song H., Li X., Liao S.	2015	International Journal of Hydrogen Energy	40	45	10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.09.084	Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, South Africa	Hou, S., Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Su, H., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, South Africa; Zou, H., Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Dang, D., Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Song, H., Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Li, X., Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Liao, S., Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China	A high-performance self-humidifying membrane electrode assembly (MEA) was prepared by inserting hygroscopic microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) between the gas diffusion layer (GDL) and the catalyst layer (CL). At low humidity, the MEA exhibited good self-humidification, including high output and good stability. With our optimal MEA, in which the MCC loading was ca. 0.5 mg cm-2, the current density at 0.6 V reached 1100 mA cm-2 and the maximum power density was 751 mW cm-2, at a relative humidity (RH) of 30% for both anode and cathode gases and a cell temperature of 70 °C; the performance was comparable to that of a MEA prepared without added MCC and operated at 100% RH. Further, after 24 h of operation at low humidity and 0.6 V, the MEA's current density decreased by only 9.1%, compared with the 60% decline experienced by the MEA without MCC after 3 h under the same conditions, demonstrating the former's good self-humidification stability. When we attempted to insert the MCC layer elsewhere, including between the membrane and the anode CL, we found that inserting it between the GDL and the anode CL yielded the best performance. The high self-humidification performance of this MEA is attributable to the strong wettability and water-retention capacity of MCC. The MCC layer between the GDL and the anode CL ensured the latter would remain sufficiently wet and accelerated hydrogen activation and proton transfer, resulting in the MEA having high self-humidification under conditions of low humidity and high cell temperature. © 2015 Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC.	Low humidity; Membrane electrode assembly; Microcrystalline cellulose; Proton exchange membrane fuel cell; Self-humidifying	Anodes; Catalysts; Cellulose; Crystalline materials; Density of gases; Diffusion in gases; Electrodes; Fuel cells; Membranes; Gas diffusion layers; Low humidity; Maximum power density; Membrane electrode assemblies; Micro-crystalline cellulose; Self-humidifying; Self-humidifying membranes; Water retention capacity; Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC); Catalysts; Diffusion; Fuel Cells; Humidity; MicrOCRystalline Cellulose	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-35448968769	The medical management of central nervous system infections in Uganda and the potential impact of an algorithm-based approach to improve outcomes	Trachtenberg J.D., Kambugu A.D., McKellar M., Semitala F., Mayanja-Kizza H., Samore M.H., Ronald A., Sande M.A.	2007	International Journal of Infectious Diseases	11	6	10.1016/j.ijid.2007.01.014	Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84124, United States; Department of Medicine, Makerere University School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda; Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda; Salt Lake City VA Medical, Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., Canada; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States	Trachtenberg, J.D., Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84124, United States; Kambugu, A.D., Department of Medicine, Makerere University School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda; McKellar, M., Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84124, United States; Semitala, F., Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda; Mayanja-Kizza, H., Department of Medicine, Makerere University School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda; Samore, M.H., Salt Lake City VA Medical, Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Ronald, A., Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., Canada; Sande, M.A., Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States	Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, HIV has increased the spectrum of central nervous system (CNS) infections. The etiological diagnosis is often difficult. Mortality from CNS infections is higher in sub-Saharan Africa compared to Western countries. This study examines the medical management of CNS infections in Uganda. We also propose a clinical algorithm to manage CNS infections in an effective, systematic, and resource-efficient manner. Methods: We prospectively followed 100 consecutive adult patients who were admitted to Mulago Hospital with a suspected diagnosis of a CNS infection without any active participation in their management. From the clinical and outcome data, we created an algorithm to manage CNS infections, which was appropriate for this resource-limited, high HIV prevalence setting. Results: Only 32 patients had a laboratory confirmed diagnosis and 23 of these were diagnosed with cryptococcal meningitis. Overall mortality was 39%, and mortality trended upward when the diagnosis was delayed past 3 days. The initial diagnoses were made clinically without significant laboratory data in 92 of the 100 patients. Because HIV positive patients have a unique spectrum of CNS infections, we created an algorithm that identified HIV-positive patients and diagnosed those with cryptococcal meningitis. After cryptococcal infection was ruled out, previously published algorithms were used to assist in the early diagnosis and treatment of bacterial meningitis, tuberculous meningitis, and other common central nervous system infections. In retrospective comparison with current management, the CNS algorithm reduced overall time to diagnosis and initiate treatment of cryptococcal meningitis from 3.5 days to less than 1 day. Conclusions: CNS infections are complex and difficult to diagnose and treat in Uganda, and are associated with high in-hospital mortality. A clinical algorithm may significantly decrease the time to diagnose and treat CNS infections in a resource-limited setting. © 2007 International Society for Infectious Diseases.	Africa; Algorithm; Central nervous system infection; Cryptococcus; HIV; Meningitis; Neurologic infections	amphotericin B; antimalarial agent; chloramphenicol; fluconazole; penicillin G; adult; algorithm; article; bacterial meningitis; central nervous system infection; controlled study; demography; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; lumbar puncture; major clinical study; male; meningitis; prevalence; treatment outcome; Uganda; Adolescent; Adult; Algorithms; Anti-Infective Agents; Central Nervous System Infections; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Risk Factors; Treatment Outcome; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862786225	Prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection in HBV serologically-negative South African HIV patients and retrospective evaluation of the clinical course of mono- and co-infection	Firnhaber C., Chen C.Y., Evans D., Maskew M., Schulz D., Reyneke A., Kramvis A.	2012	International Journal of Infectious Diseases	16	4	10.1016/j.ijid.2011.12.007	Clinical HIV Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Right to Care, PO Box Postnet Suite 176, Private Bag X2600, Houghton, Johannesburg 2041, South Africa; Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Programme, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Firnhaber, C., Clinical HIV Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Right to Care, PO Box Postnet Suite 176, Private Bag X2600, Houghton, Johannesburg 2041, South Africa; Chen, C.Y., Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Programme, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Evans, D., Clinical HIV Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Maskew, M., Clinical HIV Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Schulz, D., Clinical HIV Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Reyneke, A., Clinical HIV Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Kramvis, A., Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Programme, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Objectives: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with undetectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) has been reported in HIV patients, but the clinical significance is unknown. This study presents the prevalence of HBV DNA in HIV-positive patients negative for all HBV serological markers and a retrospective evaluation of the clinical course of mono- and co-infection. Methods: Of 502 HIV-positive patients, 222 tested negative for HBsAg, antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs), and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). An in-house real-time PCR targeting the HBV S-region was used to quantify HBV DNA. HBV isolates were genotyped. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of HBV DNA-positive and HBV DNA-negative patients were described. Treatment outcomes of patients at 6, 12, and 24 months after initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) were summarized. Results: HBV DNA was detected in 5.4% (12/222) of serologically negative patients. Mean HBV viral load was 5359.2 IU/ml (standard deviation (SD) ±12 768.27). Eleven HBV isolates belonged to genotype A and one to genotype C. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics or clinical course between the HBV DNA-positive and HBV DNA-negative groups. Conclusions: We found 5.4% of the HBV serologically-negative HIV-positive patients had low levels of HBV DNA. There were no significant differences in clinical outcome between the mono- and co-infected groups. © 2012 International Society for Infectious Diseases.	Antiviral therapy; Genotypes; HBsAg-negative; HIV; Occult	antiretrovirus agent; efavirenz; hepatitis B core antigen; hepatitis B surface antibody; hepatitis B surface antigen; lamivudine; lamivudine plus nevirapine plus stavudine; stavudine; virus DNA; adult; article; controlled study; demography; disease course; DNA determination; female; genotype; hepatitis B; Hepatitis B virus; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; male; mixed infection; outcome assessment; quantitative analysis; real time polymerase chain reaction; retrospective study; seroprevalence; South Africa; virus load; virus typing; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Antibodies, Viral; Coinfection; DNA, Viral; Female; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B virus; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; South Africa; Treatment Outcome; Viral Load	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84931274678	Impact of tuberculosis treatment and antiretroviral therapy on serial RD-1-specific quantitative T-cell readouts (QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube), and relationship to treatment-related outcomes and bacterial burden	Mthiyane T., Rustomjee R., Pym A., Connolly C., Onyebujoh P., Theron G., Dheda K.	2015	International Journal of Infectious Diseases	36	None	10.1016/j.ijid.2015.05.006	South African Medical Research Council, Parow Valley, Cape Town, South Africa; KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV (K-RITH), Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council, Biostatistics Department, Durban, South Africa; World Health Organization, Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical diseases (TDR), Geneva, Switzerland; Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, University of Cape Town, J flr, Old Main Bldg, Cape Town, South Africa	Mthiyane, T., South African Medical Research Council, Parow Valley, Cape Town, South Africa; Rustomjee, R., South African Medical Research Council, Parow Valley, Cape Town, South Africa; Pym, A., KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV (K-RITH), Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa; Connolly, C., South African Medical Research Council, Biostatistics Department, Durban, South Africa; Onyebujoh, P., World Health Organization, Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical diseases (TDR), Geneva, Switzerland; Theron, G., Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, University of Cape Town, J flr, Old Main Bldg, Cape Town, South Africa; Dheda, K., Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, University of Cape Town, J flr, Old Main Bldg, Cape Town, South Africa	Background: The impact of anti-tuberculosis treatment with and without antiretroviral therapy (ART) on standardized interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) readouts has been studied inadequately in high-burden countries. Methods: The QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) test was used to evaluate interferon gamma (IFN-γ) responses longitudinally (0, 3, 6, and 12 months post initiation of tuberculosis (TB)-HIV co-treatment or ART alone) in 82 HIV-infected patients. Results: Of the 65 evaluable participants, 30 were co-infected on ART, 17 were co-infected but not on ART, and 18 were HIV-infected alone and on ART. In HIV-infected and HIV-TB-infected patients on ART, IFN-γ responses increased, whilst they decreased in those not on ART. However, baseline, month 3, and month 6 IFN-γ responses, irrespective of ART, did not differ in TB-HIV co-infected patients who culture-converted compared to those who did not (1.25 vs. 1.05, p = 0.5 at baseline; 3.76 vs. 1.15, p = 0.2 for month 3; 0.06 vs. 0.7, p = 0.3 for month 6). IFN-γ levels did not correlate with the magnitude of sputum bacillary load, smear status, or liquid culture time-to-positivity. Conclusion: As IGRAs do not correlate with 2- or 6-month culture conversion or with markers of bacillary burden, they are unlikely to be useful for the prognostication of treatment outcome in co-infected patients. © 2015 The Authors.	Antiretrovirals; HIV; Interferon gamma release assay; QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube; Tuberculosis	antiretrovirus agent; adult; aged; antiviral therapy; Article; bacterial load; controlled study; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; interferon gamma release assay; liquid culture; major clinical study; male; mixed infection; Mycobacterium tuberculosis test kit; sputum culture; T lymphocyte; treatment outcome; treatment response; tuberculosis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70649105566	Surface pressure effects from shock wave impact on inclined and curved clothing	Skews B.W., Bugarin S., Sawicka E.	2010	International Journal of Impact Engineering	37	3	10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2009.07.005	School of Mechanical, Industrial, and Aeronautical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, PO WITS, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa	Skews, B.W., School of Mechanical, Industrial, and Aeronautical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, PO WITS, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; Bugarin, S., School of Mechanical, Industrial, and Aeronautical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, PO WITS, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; Sawicka, E., School of Mechanical, Industrial, and Aeronautical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, PO WITS, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa	Previous studies of the impact of a blast or shock wave on a layer of textile positioned a short distance in front of a surface have shown that significant pressure amplification can occur. These studies have all dealt with the case of head-on impact on plane textile surfaces. This study extends such work to plane textile specimens inclined to the wave propagation direction, both for the textile freely suspended in order to examine the transmitted wave and with it positioned a short distance in front of a solid surface. Tests are also conducted with the textile suspended in a cylindrical shape positioned in front of a curved surface to approximate a more realistic practical loading case on a torso. Three textile types were used, varying significantly in permeability. In the oblique impact case it is found that the pressure amplification decreases as the wall angle decreases. The behaviour of the wave system in the gap between the textile layer and the body is clarified, showing a succession of oblique shock reflections and transmissions back through the textile layer. Tests on the cylindrical body surface at low Mach number show no significant amplification at the most forward position and steadily decreasing pressure around the sides of the surface. The concern regarding very large increases in pressure which arose from tests on head-on impact on plane surfaces appear to be ameliorated when the body is curved. Computer simulations are used to confirm the wave pattern for the cylindrical case by modeling a curved porous surface a short distance in front of a rigid wall. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Blast loading; Pressure amplification; Trauma	Blast loading; Curved surfaces; Cylindrical bodies; Cylindrical shapes; Low Mach numbers; Oblique impact; Plane surfaces; Porous surface; Rigid wall; Shock reflection; Short distances; Solid surface; Surface pressures; Textile surfaces; Transmitted waves; Wave patterns; Wave propagation direction; Wave system; Clarification; Computer simulation; Mach number; Offshore structures; Pressure effects; Shock waves; Textiles; Amplification	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955279919	Performance of mild steel perforated plates as a blast wave mitigation technique: Experimental and numerical investigation	Langdon G.S., Rossiter I.B., Balden V.H., Nurick G.N.	2010	International Journal of Impact Engineering	37	10	10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2010.06.001	Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Langdon, G.S., Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Rossiter, I.B., Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Balden, V.H., Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Nurick, G.N., Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	This article presents the results of an experimental and numerical investigation into the influence of hole size and thickness on the performance of mild steel perforated plates as a blast wave mitigation technique. Results of the blast tests showed that the perforated plates with small hole sizes reduced the damage imparted to the target plate by reducing the target plate mid-point deflection and increasing the tearing threshold impulse. Ansys Autodyn was used to model the experiments and the perforated plate hole diameter was varied during the simulations. The impulse imparted to the pendulum, target plate and perforated plate deflections compared favourably to the experimental results. The modelling simulations also gave further insight into the interaction between the blast wave and the plates. The simulations showed that the impulse imparted to the target plate was higher than the impulse measured from the experimental pendulum swing and that the difference increased with increasing blockage ratio. The simulations also showed that the total load duration was much longer than the response time of the plate, indicating that a proportion of the impulse does not contribute to the deformation of the target plate. The response time was shown to increase with increasing blockage ratio and decrease with increasing impulse. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Blast loading; Mitigation; Numerical modelling; Perforated plates; Plastic deformation	Blast loading; Blast waves; Blockage ratio; Hole diameter; Hole size; Mild steel; Mitigation; Mitigation techniques; Numerical investigations; Numerical modelling; Perforated plate; Response time; Small Hole; Target plates; Total load; Carbon steel; Computer simulation; Pendulums; Plastic deformation; Targets; Perforated plates	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881303051	Compaction of metal foam subjected to an impact by a low-density deformable projectile	Karagiozova D., Langdon G.S., Nurick G.N.	2013	International Journal of Impact Engineering	62	None	10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2013.07.004	Institute of Mechanics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Karagiozova, D., Institute of Mechanics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria, Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Langdon, G.S., Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Nurick, G.N., Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	The deformation of a stationary foam block due to an impact by a foam projectile is analysed. Several combinations between the properties and geometry of the projectile and stationary block are used in order to reveal the characteristic features of deformation under the condition of decreasing velocity during the impact event. No details of the cellular geometry are analysed and it is assumed that the foam is a homogeneous material. The dynamic compaction of the foam block and projectile is described by a one-dimensional model. The model is based on the propagation of a strong discontinuity unloading wave when using the actual experimentally derived stress-strain curves for three aluminium based foam: Alporas with 9% relative density and Cymat foams with 9.3% and 21% relative density. Numerical simulations were carried out to verify the proposed model. It is shown that the strain distribution in the foam blocks significantly depends on the material properties and boundary conditions. It is shown that a more distinct boundary between the compacted and undeformed foam can be observed in the projectile while the strains in the stationary block usually decrease gradually with the increase of the distance travelled by the compaction wave from the interaction boundary. It is demonstrated that the proposed approach is capable of predicting the history and final strain distribution in the foam with sufficient accuracy. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Aluminium foam; Compaction wave; Deformable projectile; Impact; Strain distribution	Aluminium foam; Deformable projectile; Dynamic compaction; Homogeneous materials; Impact; One-dimensional model; Strain distributions; Strong discontinuity; Aluminum; Compaction; Deformation; Foams; Metals; Strain; Stress-strain curves; Unloading; Projectiles	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84910135346	Energy absorption and ballistic limit of nanocomposite laminates subjected to impact loading	Balaganesan G., Velmurugan R., Srinivasan M., Gupta N.K., Kanny K.	2014	International Journal of Impact Engineering	74	None	10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2014.02.017	Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai, India; SERC, IISc Bangalore, India; Department of Applied Mechanics, IIT Delhi, India; Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa	Balaganesan, G., Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai, India; Velmurugan, R., Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai, India; Srinivasan, M., Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai, India; Gupta, N.K., SERC, IISc Bangalore, India, Department of Applied Mechanics, IIT Delhi, India; Kanny, K., Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa	Composite laminates made of glass/epoxy with and without nano fillers were subjected to projectile impact. The laminates of different thicknesses were prepared by hand lay-up and compression molding processes. Laminates were made from glass woven roving mats of 610 gsm, epoxy resin and nano clay of 1-5 wt.% of matrix. A piston type gas gun setup was used to impact a spherical nose projectile of diameter 9.5 mm and mass of 7.6 g, on the nanocomposite laminates at impact velocities in the range of their ballistic limit and above. The energy absorbed during penetration and ballistic limit of the nanocomposite laminates were studied both experimentally and analytically. The analytical model also predicts the energy absorbed in various failure modes due to tensile failure of primary fibers, deformation of secondary fibers, delamination and matrix crack. Mechanical properties like tensile modulus, stress-strain function, shear modulus, and strain energy release rate were used as input to the analytical model. Laminates of three, five and eight layers have been considered for the analysis. The effect of clay dispersion in the matrix for different failure modes is discussed. Ballistic limit obtained from the model is validated with experimental results and good agreement is found. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Ballistic limit; Energy absorption; Impact damage; Impact loading; Nanocomposites	Analytical models; Ballistics; Compression molding; Elastic moduli; Energy absorption; Epoxy resins; Failure (mechanical); Glass; Laminated composites; Mechanical properties; Nanocomposites; Projectiles; Strain; Strain rate; Stresses; Ballistic Limit; Composite laminate; Compression molding process; Impact damages; Impact loadings; Impact velocities; Projectile impact; Stress-strain functions; Laminates	None
WoS	WOS:000238591500004	An evaluation of e-readiness assessment tools with respect to information access: Towards an integrated information rich tool	Mutula, SM,van Brakel, P	2006	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT	26	3	10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2006.02.004	Cape Peninsula University of Technology	None	This paper is an offshoot of the findings of a doctoral thesis carried out at the University of Johannesburg (formerly Rand Afrikaans University) in South Africa on the assessment of e-readiness tools with respect to information access. The paper argues that information is a key component in the e-readiness equation and yet it is not given much emphasis in the e-readiness extant tools, but is instead subsumed under Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The paper notes that the various major segments of e-readiness as synthesised from existing tools are scattered in different tools making their use painstakingly cumbersome. The paper proposes a new e-readiness integrated tool that emphasises information access and also collocates the various segments of organizational, ICT, human resources, and external readiness into one single tool. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	"digital divide",e-readiness,ICTS,"INFORMATION ACCESS","INFORMATION MANAGEMENT","COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION",SYSTEMS	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33751317994	The IS-business relationship and its implications for performance: An empirical study of South African and Australian organisations	Cohen J.F., Toleman M.	2006	International Journal of Information Management	26	6	10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2006.06.002	School of Economic and Business Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg, WITS, 2050, South Africa; Department of Information Systems, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, 4350, Australia	Cohen, J.F., School of Economic and Business Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg, WITS, 2050, South Africa; Toleman, M., Department of Information Systems, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, 4350, Australia	Lack of a close 'Information systems (IS)-business relationship' has been described as a potential inhibitor to improving the contribution that information systems (IS) make to business performance. Yet the value of specific attributes of an enduring relationship between IS and business remains to be demonstrated by empirically confirming their link to IS performance. Using data collected from 167 South African and Australian companies, this study examined the effect of three relational attributes, namely commitment, mutual understanding and shared vision, on the contribution of IS to business performance. The study also examines the interrelationship amongst the relational attributes. Results revealed that a strong IS-business relationship is a significant determinant of IS performance. Organisations more successful in their use of IS are characterised by strong commitment on the part of the business to IS efforts, higher levels of IS understanding of the business, and a long-term agreement, between business and IS executives, on IS priorities. Results have important implications for organisations looking to improve the contribution of IS to organisational performance. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Commitment; IS performance; IS-business relationship; Shared vision; Understanding	Computer vision; Data reduction; Information dissemination; Societies and institutions; IS-business relationships; Shared vision; Information retrieval systems	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949536141	Increasing the impact of a business simulation: The role of reflection	Hughes S., Scholtz F.	2015	International Journal of Management Education	13	3	10.1016/j.ijme.2015.06.001	Monash South Africa, Private Bag X60, Roodepoort, South Africa; University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Aucklandpark, South Africa	Hughes, S., Monash South Africa, Private Bag X60, Roodepoort, South Africa, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Aucklandpark, South Africa; Scholtz, F., Monash South Africa, Private Bag X60, Roodepoort, South Africa	The article considers a simulation in the context of experiential learning theory (ELT). Kolb's (1984) cycle of experiential learning involves experiencing, reflecting, thinking and acting. The researchers contend that the impact of incorporating a simulation in a course can be unlocked by purposefully directing student reflection. Cowan (1998) postulates that students should go through a process of reflecting for, in and on action. Through the use of Participatory Action Research (PAR) the researchers developed and propose educational initiatives that can be employed to encourage student reflection and can be categorised according to Cowan's (1998) model. Additionally, the researchers propose a model of integrative reflection, where reflection is less sequential and reflection for, in and on action overlap. Whilst experience, thinking and acting are imperative, reflection is conceptualised as the phase where the potential of learning in a simulation based course can be enhanced. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.	Experiential learning theory; Integrative reflection; Participative action research; Reflection; Simulation	None	None
WoS	WOS:000226574200004	Evaluation criteria for district health management information systems: lessons from the Ministry of Health, Kenya	Odhiambo-Otieno, GW	2005	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INFORMATICS	74	1	10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2004.09.003	Moi University	None	Introduction: There has been no comprehensive evaluation of the district health management information systems (DHMISs) since the establishment of these systems by the Ministry of Health (MoH), in Kenya. This is partly due to lack of defined criteria for evaluating the systems. The objective of this study is to design evaluation criteria for assessing the viability, sustainability and ultimate contribution of DHMIS in the management of the district health system (DHS) in Kenya. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken in three DHSs in Kenya. Empirical evidence was collected through interviews, complemented by a comprehensive review of relevant literature, reports and operational manuals of various health information systems in Kenya. Results: A set of evaluation criteria for DHMISs in Kenya was designed for each of the three phases of implementation: phase one-pre-implementation evaluation criteria (categorized as policy and objectives, technical feasibility.. financial viability, political viability and administrative operability) to be applied at the design stage; phase two-concurrent (operational) implementation evaluation criteria to be applied during implementation of the new system; phase three post-implementation evaluation criteria (classified as internal-quality of information; external-resources and managerial support; ultimate-systems impact) to be applied after operating the implemented system for at least 3 years. Conclusions: In designing a DHMIS model there is need to have built-in these three sets of evaluation criteria which should be used in a phased manner. Preimplementation evaluation criteria should be used to evaluate the system's viability before more resources are committed to its implementation; concurrent (operational) implementation evaluation criteria should be used to ascertain the status of the on-going implementation with the view to either fine-tune or abandon it altogether before more resources are used on it; and post-implementation evaluation criteria should be used to assess its overall effectiveness (if it has achieved its hypothesized benefits) towards the management of DHS. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	"DISTRICT HEALTH MANAGEMENT","district health system","evaluation criteria","INFORMATION SYSTEM"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349462989	Handheld computers for survey and trial data collection in resource-poor settings: Development and evaluation of PDACT, a Palm™ Pilot interviewing system	Seebregts C.J., Zwarenstein M., Mathews C., Fairall L., Flisher A.J., Seebregts C., Mukoma W., Klepp K.-I.	2009	International Journal of Medical Informatics	78	11	10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2008.10.006	Biomedical Informatics Research, e-Health Research and Innovation Platform, Medical Research Council, South Africa; Health Services Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Knowledge Translation Unit, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Dept of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Health Systems Research Unit, Medical Research Council, South Africa; School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Adolescent Health Research Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Centre for Prevention of Global Infections, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Norway	Seebregts, C.J., Biomedical Informatics Research, e-Health Research and Innovation Platform, Medical Research Council, South Africa; Zwarenstein, M., Health Services Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ont., Canada, Knowledge Translation Unit, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa, Dept of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada; Mathews, C., Health Systems Research Unit, Medical Research Council, South Africa, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Fairall, L., Knowledge Translation Unit, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Flisher, A.J., Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Adolescent Health Research Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Seebregts, C., Health Systems Research Unit, Medical Research Council, South Africa; Mukoma, W., Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Adolescent Health Research Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Klepp, K.-I., Centre for Prevention of Global Infections, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Norway	Objective: Handheld computers (personal digital assistant, PDA) have the potential to reduce the logistic burden, cost, and error rate of paper-based health research data collection, but there is a lack of appropriate software. The present work describes the development and evaluation of PDACT, a Personal Data Collection Toolset (www.healthware.org/pdact/index.htm) for the Palm™ Pilot handheld computer for interviewer-administered and respondent-administered data collection. Methods: We developed Personal Data Collection Toolkit (PDACT) software to enable questionnaires developed in QDS™ Design Studio, a Windows™ application, to be compiled and completed on Palm™ Pilot devices and evaluated in several representative field survey settings. Results: The software has been used in seven separate studies and in over 90,000 interviews. Five interviewer-administered studies were completed in rural settings with poor communications infrastructure, following one day of interviewer training. Two respondent-administered questionnaire studies were completed by learners, in urban secondary schools, after 15 min training. Questionnaires were available on each handheld in up to 11 languages, ranged from 20 to 580 questions, and took between 15 and 90 min to complete. Up to 200 Palm™ Pilot devices were in use on a single day and, in about 50 device-years of use, very few technical problems were found. Compared with paper-based collection, data validation and cleaning times were reduced, and fewer errors were found. PDA data collection is easy to use and preferred by interviewers and respondents (both respondent-administered and interviewer-administered) over paper. Data are compiled and available within hours of collection facilitating data quality assurance. Although hardware increases the setup cost of the first study, the cumulative cost falls thereafter, and converges on the cumulative cost of paper-based studies (four, in the case of our interviewer-administered studies). Conclusion: Handheld data collection is an appropriate, affordable and convenient technology for health data collection, in diverse settings. © 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Computer-assisted personal interview; Health survey questionnaire; Mobile data collection system; PDA structured medical record form	Communications infrastructure; Computer-assisted personal interview; Cumulative cost; Data collection; Data quality; Data validation; Design studios; Error rate; Field surveys; Handhelds; Health data; Health research; Health survey questionnaire; Mobile data collection system; PDA structured medical record form; Personal data; Secondary schools; Setup costs; Technical problem; Toolsets; Computer software selection and evaluation; Costs; Health; Knowledge based systems; Markup languages; Paper; Personal computers; Personal digital assistants; Quality assurance; Surveys; Thermal conductivity; Total quality management; Data acquisition; article; computer program; cost benefit analysis; health survey; information processing; interview; medical research; microcomputer; personal digital assistant; priority journal; questionnaire; reliability; Clinical Trials as Topic; Computers, Handheld; Databases, Factual; Electronic Health Records; Information Storage and Retrieval; Interviews as Topic; Medical History Taking; Software; Software Design; User-Computer Interface	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-74149090850	Creation and evaluation of EMR-based paper clinical summaries to support HIV-care in Uganda, Africa	Were M.C., Shen C., Bwana M., Emenyonu N., Musinguzi N., Nkuyahaga F., Kembabazi A., Tierney W.M.	2010	International Journal of Medical Informatics	79	2	10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2009.11.006	Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Mbarara University of Science, Technology ISS Clinic, Mbarara, Uganda; Division of Infectious Diseases, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States; Faculty of Computing and IT, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda	Were, M.C., Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Shen, C., Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Bwana, M., Mbarara University of Science, Technology ISS Clinic, Mbarara, Uganda; Emenyonu, N., Division of Infectious Diseases, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States; Musinguzi, N., Mbarara University of Science, Technology ISS Clinic, Mbarara, Uganda; Nkuyahaga, F., Faculty of Computing and IT, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Kembabazi, A., Mbarara University of Science, Technology ISS Clinic, Mbarara, Uganda; Tierney, W.M., Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States	Purpose: Getting the right information to providers can improve quality of care. We set out to provide patient-specific Electronic Medical Record (EMR)-based clinical summaries for providers taking care of HIV-positive adult patients in the resource-limited setting of Mbarara, Uganda. Methods: We evaluated the impact of implementing these clinical summaries using time-motion techniques and provider surveys. Results: After implementation of EMR-based clinical summaries, providers spent more time in direct care of patients (2.9 min vs. 2.3 min, p < 0.001), and the length of patient visits was reduced by 11.5 min. Survey respondents indicated that clinical summaries improved care, reduced mistakes, and were generally accurate. Current antiretroviral medication, patient identifying information, adherence information, current medication, and current medical problems were among the highest-rated elements of the summary. Conclusions: By taking advantage of data stored in EMRs, efficiency and quality of care can be improved through clinical summaries, even in settings with limited resources. © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Clinical decision support; Developing countries; Electronic Medical Record; Medical informatics; Technology adoption	Adult patients; Antiretrovirals; Clinical decision support; Electronic medical record; Medical informatics; Motion techniques; Provider surveys; Quality of care; Right information; Technology adoption; Decision support systems; Developing countries; Electric relays; Information science; Medical computing; Surveys; Viruses; Medical problems; adult; Africa; article; electronic medical record; evaluation; female; health survey; hospital organization; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; medical information system; patient care; patient information; patient satisfaction; priority journal; Adult; Efficiency, Organizational; Electronic Health Records; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Office Visits; Outcome Assessment (Health Care); Physician's Practice Patterns; Quality of Health Care; Time and Motion Studies; Uganda	None
WoS	WOS:000323584700015	Kenya's Health Workforce Information System: A model of impact on strategic human resources policy, planning and management	Kimani, Francis M.,Kiriinya, Rose N.,Oluoch, Tom,Riley, Patricia L.,Waters, Keith P.,Waudo, Agnes N.,Willy, Rankesh M.,Zuber, Alexandra	2013	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INFORMATICS	82	9	10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2013.06.004	Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kenya Hlth Work Force Project, Minist Med Serv	None	Objective: Countries worldwide are challenged by health worker shortages, skill mix imbalances, and maldistribution. Human resources information systems (HRIS) are used to monitor and address these health workforce issues, but global understanding of such systems is minimal and baseline information regarding their scope and capability is practically non-existent. The Kenya Health Workforce Information System (KHWIS) has been identified as a promising example of a functioning HRIS. The objective of this paper is to document the impact of KHWIS data on human resources policy, planning and management. Methods: Sources for this study included semi-structured interviews with senior officials at Kenya's Ministry of Medical Services (MOMS), Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation (MOPHS), the Department of Nursing within MOMS, the Nursing Council of Kenya, Kenya Medical Practitioners and Dentists Board, Kenya's Clinical Officers Council, and Kenya Medical Laboratory Technicians and Technologists Board. Additionally, quantitative data were extracted from KHWIS databases to supplement the interviews. Health sector policy documents were retrieved from MOMS and MOPHS websites, and reviewed to assess whether they documented any changes to policy and practice as having been impacted by KHWIS data. Results: Interviews with Kenyan government and regulatory officials cited health workforce data provided by KHWIS influenced policy, regulation, and management. Policy changes include extension of Kenya's age of mandatory civil service retirement from 55 to 60 years. Data retrieved from KHWIS document increased relicensing of professional nurses, midwives, medical practitioners and dentists, and interviewees reported this improved compliance raised professional regulatory body revenues. The review of Government records revealed few references to KHWIS; however, documentation specifically cited the KHWIS as having improved the availability of human resources for health information regarding workforce planning, management, and development. Conclusion: KHWIS data have impacted a range of improvements in health worker regulation, human resources management, and workforce policy and planning at Kenya's ministries of health. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd	"global health","Human resources for health (HRH)","Human resources information system (HRIS)","MEDICAL INFORMATICS","nursing informatics","Workforce surveillance"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884352773	Evaluation of reduction roasting and magnetic separation for upgrading Mn/Fe ratio of fine ferromanganese	Mpho M., Samson B., Ayo A.	2013	International Journal of Mining Science and Technology	23	4	10.1016/j.ijmst.2013.07.012	School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Mineral Processing Division, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Civil and Chemical Engineering, University of South Africa, College of Science Engineering and Engineering, Johannesburg, South Africa	Mpho, M., School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Department of Mineral Processing Division, Johannesburg, South Africa; Samson, B., School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Department of Mineral Processing Division, Johannesburg, South Africa; Ayo, A., Department of Civil and Chemical Engineering, University of South Africa, College of Science Engineering and Engineering, Johannesburg, South Africa	Low grade ferromanganese tailing was subjected to different mineralogical techniques, reduction roasting and magnetic separation to establish whether commercially acceptable manganese qualities and high Mn/Fe ratio could be obtained, and also to determine the best processing route for beneficiating this ore. The main manganese mineral within the feed sample is birnessite, with minor amounts of pyrolusite and todorokite. Size by assay analysis conducted presented a result with a yield of about 35.75% and Mn grade of 27.63% to coarse (-3.35 + 1 mm) and yield of 20.24% and Mn grade of 27.71% to (-1.18 + 0.50 mm) fraction. Two-stage high induced magnetic separations at 16,000 and 11,000 G produces Mn grades with similar grade to that obtained from the ferromanganese feed sample. Reduction roasting followed by magnetic separation on -1.18 + 0.50 mm at 1000 G recovered 72.31% Mn with a grade of 58.44% Mn, 2.52% Fe and 3.29% Si at Mn/Fe ratio of 23.22. This study reveals the influence of roasting in converting the hematite and goethite to magnetite and the response of the roasted fraction to magnetic separation. © 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V.	Ferromanganese; Magnetic separation; Mineralogy; Mn/Fe ratio; Reduction roasting	Birnessite; Feed samples; Ferromanganese; High mn; Low grade; Processing Route; Reduction roasting; Todorokites; Calcination; Iron ores; Magnetic separation; Manganese mines; Mineralogy; Minerals; Ore reduction; Ore roasting; Manganese	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908137311	Discontinuities effect on drilling condition and performance of selected rocks in Nigeria	Adebayo B., Bello W.A.	2014	International Journal of Mining Science and Technology	24	5	10.1016/j.ijmst.2014.07.008	Department of Mining Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Adebayo, B., Department of Mining Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Bello, W.A., Department of Mining Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	The study examined joint discontinuity spacing effect on drilling condition and performance in selected rocks in Ilorin and Ibese areas, Nigeria. Five samples for each rock type (gneiss and limestone) were tested in the laboratory for chemical, physical and mechanical properties. Dip direction and joint spacing were measured using compass clinometers. The chemical composition was determined using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer. The results show that gneiss has SiO2 of 61.88% and limestone has CaO content of 52.3%. The average dry density of gneiss and limestone are 2.6 and 2.39 g/cm3, respectively. The uniaxial compressive strength of gneiss and limestone are 195 and 93.83 MPa, respectively. These rocks are classified as strong and moderately strong rock. Gneiss and limestone have mean joint discontinuity spacing of 0.79 and 0.25 m, which classified them as moderate and wide joint spacing respectively. Joint spacing was correlated with specific energy, bit wear and uniaxial compressive using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The regression model has multiple coefficient of correlation of R2 = 0.791 and R2 = 0.995 for gneiss and limestone, respectively. The variation in joint spacing could be attributed to specific energy, bit wear and uniaxial compressive strength which affect drilling condition and performance. Ultimately, as joint spacing gets closer, the drilling velocity increases, drill string will be stable. © 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of China University of Mining & Technology.	Composition; Gneiss; Joint spacing; Limestone; Regression	Limestone; Gneiss; Joint spacing; Nigeria; Regression; Chemical analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887212781	Utility and diagnostic performance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by two immunochromatographic assays as compared with the molecular Genotype assay in Nigeria	Pokam B.T., Asuquo A.E., Goh K.S., Abia-Bassey L.N., Rastogi N.	2013	International Journal of Mycobacteriology	2	1	10.1016/j.ijmyco.2012.12.002	Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Cameroon; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Nigeria; WHO Supranational TB Reference Laboratory, TB and My	Pokam, B.T., Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Cameroon; Asuquo, A.E., Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Nigeria; Goh, K.S., WHO Supranational TB Reference Laboratory, TB and Mycobacteria Unit, Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe, 97183 Abymes, Guadeloupe; Abia-Bassey, L.N., Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Nigeria; Rastogi, N., WHO Supranational TB Reference Laboratory, TB and Mycobacteria Unit, Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe, 97183 Abymes, Guadeloupe	Among the disadvantages of smear microscopy for detection of tuberculosis cases is its inability to differentiate between Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). This study evaluated two, new immunochromatographic assays - Capilia TB-Neo and SD Bioline - on unheated and heated cultures at 80. °C for 30. min respectively for their ability to discriminate between MTB complex and NTM as compared with the molecular Genotype assay. Mycobacteria used in the study were obtained from smear-positive specimens collected from patients at four major hospitals in Cross River State, Nigeria. Capilia TB-Neo and SD Bioline showed sensitivities of 98.8% and 93.8% respectively and 100% specificity for both assays. Heating the isolates did not significantly impact the test performance. Both tests are recommended for use in rapid differentiation of strains isolated in Nigeria. © 2013 Asian-African Society for Mycobacteriology.	Capilia TB-Neo; Heated strains; Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex; Non-tuberculous mycobacteria; SD Bioline	article; bacterium culture; bacterium identification; controlled study; diagnostic test accuracy study; diagnostic value; genotype; genotyping technique; heating; human; immunoaffinity chromatography; intermethod comparison; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Nigeria; nonhuman; priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; sputum smear; strain difference; tuberculosis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887213729	Evaluation of Ziehl-Neelsen smear for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in childhood in a rural hospital in Ethiopia	Ramos J.M., Pérez-Butragueño M., Tisiano G., Yohannes T., Reyes F., Górgolas M.	2013	International Journal of Mycobacteriology	2	3	10.1016/j.ijmyco.2013.04.007	Department of General Medicine and Paediatrics, Gambo General Rural Hospital, Shashemane, Ethiopia; Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Spain; Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain; Division of Infectious Diseases, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain	Ramos, J.M., Department of General Medicine and Paediatrics, Gambo General Rural Hospital, Shashemane, Ethiopia, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain, Department of Medicine, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Spain; Pérez-Butragueño, M., Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain; Tisiano, G., Department of General Medicine and Paediatrics, Gambo General Rural Hospital, Shashemane, Ethiopia; Yohannes, T., Department of General Medicine and Paediatrics, Gambo General Rural Hospital, Shashemane, Ethiopia; Reyes, F., Department of General Medicine and Paediatrics, Gambo General Rural Hospital, Shashemane, Ethiopia; Górgolas, M., Department of General Medicine and Paediatrics, Gambo General Rural Hospital, Shashemane, Ethiopia, Division of Infectious Diseases, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain, Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain	The goal of this study is to describe the experience with smear microscopy examination for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) of spontaneous sputum from children in a district hospital located in a rural zone of Ethiopia. All sputum reports of children were retrospectively reviewed from July 2007 until June 2012. During the period of study, 875 children less than 15. years old were screened and 48 (5.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.1-7.3%) were diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis sputum smear positive. The mean age of the children with sputum positive for AFB was significantly higher than children with sputum negative for AFB (11.4 versus 10.4) (p= 0.001). Only 1 out of 47 (1.3%) children of 6. years or less had sputum positive for AFB. In 13- and 14-year-old children, 8.7% had sputum positive for AFB (20 of 229) (p= 0.03). Spontaneous sputum has a low diagnostic yield in childhood in low-income countries. Alternative methods should be implemented in rural areas to improve diagnosis of pulmonary TB, particularly in children less than 12. years old. © 2013 Asian-African Society for Mycobacteriology.	Childhood; Paediatric tuberculosis; Smear; Sputum; Tuberculosis	acid fast bacterium; adolescent; age; article; child; clinical evaluation; controlled study; Ethiopia; female; human; lowest income group; lung tuberculosis; major clinical study; male; nonhuman; preschool child; priority journal; retrospective study; rural area; school child; screening test; sputum smear; Ziehl Neelsen smear	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887213587	Evaluation of the Xpert® MTB/Rif test, microscopic observation drug susceptibility test and nitrate reductase assay, for rapid and accurate diagnosis of smear-negative tuberculosis in HIV patients	Walusimbi S., Bwanga F., Costa A.D., Haile M., Hoffner S., Joloba M.	2013	International Journal of Mycobacteriology	2	3	10.1016/j.ijmyco.2013.06.001	Department of Medical Microbiology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Diagnostics and Vaccinology, Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Solna, Sweden; Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden	Walusimbi, S., Department of Medical Microbiology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Bwanga, F., Department of Medical Microbiology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Costa, A.D., Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Haile, M., Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Diagnostics and Vaccinology, Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Solna, Sweden; Hoffner, S., Department of Diagnostics and Vaccinology, Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Solna, Sweden, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Joloba, M., Department of Medical Microbiology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda	Diagnosis of smear-negative tuberculosis (TB), which is frequently seen in HIV-infected patients, is a challenge without conventional culture methods. Since 2007, the WHO (World Health Organization) has endorsed new or improved tests for increased and rapid diagnosis of TB. This study was undertaken in an effort to evaluate the accuracy of two rapid culture methods: the Microscopic Observation Drug Susceptibility assay (MODS) and Nitrate Reductase Assay (NRA), and the molecular based test Xpert® MTB/Rif (Xpert), for diagnosis of smear-negative TB in HIV patients using the mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) in the BACTECTM MGITTM 960 system as the reference test. 430 smear-negative patients with presumptive TB were enrolled in a cross-sectional study at a tertiary care facility in Uganda. Their sputum was tested on MODS, NRA, Xpert and MGIT. Of the 430 patients, 373 had complete results to compute test accuracy. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) was detected in 43 patients by MGIT. The sensitivity and specificity were 24.4% and 98.1% for MODS, 41.5% and 92% for NRA, 48.8% and 95.1% for Xpert, respectively. The low sensitivity of the tests implies that additional diagnostics such as chest X-ray and conventional liquid culture methods might still be needed to detect TB in smear-negative HIV patients. The high specificity of the tests is useful to confirm TB in HIV patients with symptoms suggestive of TB. © 2013 Asian-African Society for Mycobacteriology.	HIV and TB; MGIT; MODS; NRA; Smear negative TB; Xpert	nitrate reductase; adult; aged; antibiotic sensitivity; article; bacterium culture; clinical evaluation; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; cross-sectional study; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test; diagnostic test accuracy study; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; male; microscopic observation drug susceptibility assay; microscopy; molecular diagnosis; nonhuman; observational study; predictive value; priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; sputum analysis; thorax radiography; tuberculosis; Uganda; world health organization	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855823346	Evaluation of risk of injury to the inferior alveolar nerve with classical sagittal split osteotomy technique and proposed alternative surgical techniques using computer-assisted surgery	Wittwer G., Adeyemo W.L., Beinemann J., Juergens P.	2012	International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery	41	1	10.1016/j.ijom.2011.08.001	Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria; Facharzt Kiefer-Gesichtschirurgie Pla	Wittwer, G., Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, Facharzt Kiefer-Gesichtschirurgie Plastische und Ästhetische Operationen, Bahnhofplatz 11, CH-4410 Liestal, Switzerland; Adeyemo, W.L., Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria; Beinemann, J., Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Juergens, P., Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland	Neurosensory disturbance after sagittal split osteotomy is a common complication. This study evaluated the course of the mandibular canal at three positions using computed tomography (CT), assessed the risk of injury to the inferior alveolar nerve in classical sagittal split osteotomy, based on the proximity of the mandibular canal to the external cortical bone, and proposed alternative surgical techniques using computer-assisted surgery. CT data from 102 mandibular rami were evaluated. At each position, the distance between the mandibular canal and the inner surface of the cortical bone was measured; if less than 1 mm or if the canal contacted the external cortical bone it was registered as a possible neurosensory compromising proximity. The course of each mandibular canal was allocated to a neurosensory risk or a non-neurosensory risk group. The mandibular canal was in contact with, or within 1 mm of, the lingual cortex in most positions along its course. Neurosensory compromising proximity of the mandibular canal was observed in about 60% of sagittal split ramus osteotomy sites examined. For this group, modified classic osteotomy or complete individualized osteotomy is proposed, depending on the position at which the mandibular canal was at risk; they may be accomplished with computer-assisted navigation. © 2011 International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.	computer-assisted surgery; deficiency; intra-operative navigation; neurosensory; ramus osteotomy	adult; article; clinical evaluation; computer assisted surgery; computer assisted tomography; cortical bone; female; human; inferior alveolar injury; major clinical study; male; mandible; nerve injury; osteotomy; sagittal split osteotomy; surgical technique; Female; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Male; Mandible; Mandibular Nerve; Osteotomy; Osteotomy, Sagittal Split Ramus; Patient Care Planning; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Somatosensory Disorders; Surgery, Computer-Assisted; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Trigeminal Nerve Injuries; User-Computer Interface	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929992950	Synthesis and evaluation of the antiplasmodial activity of tryptanthrin derivatives	Onambele L.A., Riepl H., Fischer R., Pradel G., Prokop A., Aminake M.N.	2015	International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance	5	2	10.1016/j.ijpddr.2015.03.002	Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; HochschuleWeihenstephan-Triesdorf, Organic-analytical Chemistry, Straubing, Germany; Department of Paediatric Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Köln, Germany; Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	Onambele, L.A., Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Riepl, H., HochschuleWeihenstephan-Triesdorf, Organic-analytical Chemistry, Straubing, Germany; Fischer, R., Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Pradel, G., Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Prokop, A., Department of Paediatric Oncology, Children's Hospital Cologne, Köln, Germany; Aminake, M.N., Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	Malaria remains one of the most deadly diseases threatening humankind and is still affecting a significant proportion of the world population, especially in Africa. Chemotherapy is a vital component of the fight against the disease and new antimalarial agents are urgently needed to curb the spread of malaria parasites that are resistant to existing drugs. The natural product tryptanthrin is known for its wide range of activities, including antiplasmodial activity, but its poor solubility has undermined its development as potent antimicrobial and antiprotozoan agent. The aim of this work was to synthesize analogues of tryptanthrin and to evaluate their antiplasmodial activity against the asexual and sexual blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum. Our results suggest that most tryptanthrin analogues retained their antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant malaria parasites in the nanomolar range (30-100 nM). The antiplasmodial activity of the most active compound NT1 (IC<inf>50</inf>: 30 nM; SI: 155.9) was similar in both strains and close to that of chloroquine (IC<inf>50</inf>: 20 nM) on the sensitive strain. The antiplasmodial activity was improved with derivatization, thus pointing out the necessity to explore tryptanthrin using medicinal chemistry approaches. Ten (10) of the tested derivatives met the criteria, allowing for advancement to animal testing, i.e., SI > 100 and IC<inf>50</inf> < 100 nM. In addition to their activity on the asexual stages, tryptanthrin and two selected derivatives (NT1 and T8) prevented the maturation of gametocytes at their IC<inf>90</inf> concentrations, indicating a transmission-blocking potential. Moreover, NT1 was able to impair gametogenesis by reducing the exflagellation of microgametes by 20% at IC<inf>90</inf>, while tryptanthrin and T8 had no influence on exflagellation. The results of this study confirm that tryptanthrin and its derivatives are potential antimalarial candidates with abilities to kill the intraerythrocytic asexual stages and prevent the formation of sexual stages of the parasite. © 2015 The Authors.	Antiplasmodial; Gametocytes; Malaria; Synthesis; Tryptanthrin derivatives	2 chloro 8 bromo tryptanthrin 8 bromo 2 chloro indolo[2,1 b]quinazoline 6,12 dione; 2 chloro 8 nitro tryptanthrin 2 chloro 8 nitro indolo[2,1 b]quinazoline 6,12 dione; 2,3 dimethoxy 8 bromo tryptantrin 8 bromo 2,3 dimethoxyindolo[ 2,1 b]quinazoline 6,12 dione; 2,3 dimethoxy 8 nitro tryptanthrin 2,3 dimethoxy 8 nitro indolo[2,1 b]quinazoline 6,12 dione; 3 bromo 8 nitro indolo[2,1-b]quinazoline 6,12 dione; 3 chloro 8 nitro tryptanthrin 3 chloro 8 nitro indolo[2,1 b]quinazoline 6,12 dione; 7 methyl indolo[2,1 b]quinazoline 6,12 dione; 8 bromo tryptanthrin 3 carboxylic acid 8 bromo 6,12 dioxo 6,12 dihydro indolo[2,1 b]quinazoline 3 carboxylic acid; 8 bromo tryptanthrin 3 carboxylic acid methylester 8 bromo 6,12 dioxo 6,12 dihydro indolo[2,1 b]quinazoline 3 carboxylic acid methylester; 8 bromotryptanthrin 8 bromo indolo[2,1-b]quinazoline 6,12 dione; 8 chlorotryptanthrin 8 chloro indolo[2,1 b]quinazoline 6,12 dione; 8 fluorotryptanthrin 8 fluoro indolo[2,1 b]quinazoline 6,12 dione; 8 methyltryptanthrin 8 methyl indolo[2,1 b]quinazoline 6,12 dione; 8 nitro tryptanthrin 3 carboxylic acid methylester 8 nitro 6,12 dioxo 6,12 dihydro indolo[2,1 b]quinazoline 3 carboxylic acid methyl ester; 8 nitrotryptanthrin 3 carboxylic acid 8 nitro 6,12 dioxo 6,12 dihydro indolo[2,1 b]quinazoline 3 carboxylic acid; 8 nitrotryptanthrin 8 nitro indolo[2,1 b]quinazoline 6,12 dione; antimalarial agent; benzene; chloroquine; lactate dehydrogenase; natural product; tryptanthrin derivative; unclassified drug; antimalarial activity; antimalarial drug resistance; antiplasmodial activity; Article; asexual reproduction; cell maturation; derivatization; drug screening; drug synthesis; gametocyte; gametogenesis; growth inhibition; malaria control; medicinal chemistry; parasite transmission; Plasmodium falciparum; priority journal; toxicity testing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929509763	How 'big data' can make big impact: Findings from a systematic review and a longitudinal case study	Fosso Wamba S., Akter S., Edwards A., Chopin G., Gnanzou D.	2015	International Journal of Production Economics	165	None	10.1016/j.ijpe.2014.12.031	NEOMA Business School, Rouen, 1 Rue du Maréchal Juin, BP 215, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France; University of South Africa (UNISA), South Africa; School of Management, Operations and Marketing, Faculty of Business, University of WollongongNSW, Australia; NSW State Emergency Service, Wollongong, Australia; Inventoriste at Geoffrey Chopin Firm, France; La Rochelle Business School, 102, Rue de Coureilles - Les Minimes, France	Fosso Wamba, S., NEOMA Business School, Rouen, 1 Rue du Maréchal Juin, BP 215, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France, University of South Africa (UNISA), South Africa; Akter, S., School of Management, Operations and Marketing, Faculty of Business, University of WollongongNSW, Australia; Edwards, A., NSW State Emergency Service, Wollongong, Australia; Chopin, G., Inventoriste at Geoffrey Chopin Firm, France; Gnanzou, D., La Rochelle Business School, 102, Rue de Coureilles - Les Minimes, France	Abstract Big data has the potential to revolutionize the art of management. Despite the high operational and strategic impacts, there is a paucity of empirical research to assess the business value of big data. Drawing on a systematic review and case study findings, this paper presents an interpretive framework that analyzes the definitional perspectives and the applications of big data. The paper also provides a general taxonomy that helps broaden the understanding of big data and its role in capturing business value. The synthesis of the diverse concepts within the literature on big data provides deeper insights into achieving value through big data strategy and implementation. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	'Big data'; Analytics; Business value; Case study; Emergency services; Issues; Literature review	Emergency services; Analytics; Business value; Empirical research; Issues; Literature reviews; Longitudinal case study; Strategic impacts; Systematic Review; Big data	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-26444465627	In vitro evaluation of drug release from self micro-emulsifying drug delivery systems using a biodegradable homolipid from Capra hircus	Attama A.A., Nkemnele M.O.	2005	International Journal of Pharmaceutics	304	02-Jan	10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.08.018	Drug Delivery Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria	Attama, A.A., Drug Delivery Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; Nkemnele, M.O., Drug Delivery Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria	Self micro-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) are specialized form of delivery systems in which drugs are encapsulated in a lipid base with or without a pharmaceutically acceptable surfactant. In this work, SMEDDS were formulated with a biodegradable homolipid from Capra hircus and Tween 65, and contained lipophilic drug-piroxicam, hydrophilic drug-chlorpheniramine maleate and hydrolipophilic drug-metronidazole. The SMEDDS formulated were evaluated for their drug release and drug content. The drug release studies were conducted in simulated gastric fluid (SGF), simulated intestinal fluid (SIF), and distilled water, representing different pH values. Particle size of the SMEDDS was determined by light microscopy. The results of this study indicated that drug release was affected by the particle size of the SMEDDS. It was found that piroxicam release from the SMEDDS formulated with homolipids from Capra hircus was highest in SIF compared to the other drugs. This method of drug delivery could prove to be a versatile and reliable alternative to conventional drug delivery approaches. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Biodegradable; Drug release; Homolipids; Self micro-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS); SGF; SIF	base; capra hircus homolipid; chlorpheniramine maleate; lipid; metronidazole; piroxicam; polymer; surfactant; tween 65; unclassified drug; adipose tissue; article; biodegradable implant; drug delivery system; drug formulation; drug release; emulsion; encapsulation; goat; hydrophilicity; in vitro study; intestine fluid; lipophilicity; microscopy; particle size; pH; priority journal; simulation; stomach juice; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Biodegradation, Environmental; Chlorpheniramine; Drug Carriers; Emulsions; Gastric Juice; Goats; Humans; Intestinal Secretions; Lipids; Metronidazole; Models, Biological; Particle Size; Piroxicam; Solubility	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-29244444236	Monitoring the ingestion of anti-tuberculosis drugs by simple non-invasive methods	Sirgel F.A., Maritz J.S., Venter A., Langdon G., Smith P.J., Donald P.R.	2006	International Journal of Pharmaceutics	307	2	10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.09.033	Medical Biochemistry, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; MRC Biostatistics Unit, Tygerberg, South Africa; Division of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Therapy, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Tygerberg, South Africa	Sirgel, F.A., Medical Biochemistry, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Maritz, J.S., MRC Biostatistics Unit, Tygerberg, South Africa; Venter, A., Medical Biochemistry, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Langdon, G., Division of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Therapy, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden; Smith, P.J., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Donald, P.R., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Tygerberg, South Africa	This investigation retrospectively assessed inexpensive non-invasive qualitative methods to monitor the ingestion of anti-tuberculosis drugs isoniazid, rifampicin and rifapentine. Results showed that commercial test strips detected the isoniazid metabolites isonicotinic acid and isonicotinylglycine as efficiently as the isonicotinic acid method in 150 urine samples. The presence of rifamycins in urine samples (n = 1085) was detected by microbiological assay techniques and the sensitivity compared to the n-butanol extraction colour test in 91 of these specimens. The proportions detected by the two methods were significantly different and the sensitivity of the n-butanol procedure was only 63.8% (95% CL 51.2-76.4%) as compared to that of the superior microbiological method. Final validation (n = 691) showed that qualitative assays measure isoniazid and rifamycin ingestion with an efficiency similar to high-performance liquid chromatography. The qualitative procedures may therefore be valuable in clinical trials and in tuberculosis clinics to confirm drug ingestion. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Anti-tuberculosis drugs; Monitoring adherence; Urine testing	butanol; drug metabolite; isoniazid; isonicotinic acid; isonicotinylglycine; rifampicin; rifamycin; rifapentine; tuberculostatic agent; unclassified drug; article; drug monitoring; extraction; high performance liquid chromatography; human; ingestion; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; microbiology; non invasive procedure; priority journal; qualitative analysis; retrospective study; sensitivity analysis; test strip; urinalysis; validation process; Antitubercular Agents; Drug Monitoring; Humans; Isoniazid; Isonicotinic Acids; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Patient Compliance; Reproducibility of Results; Retrospective Studies; Rifampin; Self Administration; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33645315774	Synthesis and evaluation of the mucoadhesivity of a CD-chitosan derivative	Venter J.P., Kotzé A.F., Auzély-Velty R., Rinaudo M.	2006	International Journal of Pharmaceutics	313	42371	10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.01.016	School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa; Centre de Recherches Sur Les Macromolécules Végétales (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier de Grenoble, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France	Venter, J.P., School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa, Centre de Recherches Sur Les Macromolécules Végétales (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier de Grenoble, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France; Kotzé, A.F., School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa; Auzély-Velty, R., Centre de Recherches Sur Les Macromolécules Végétales (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier de Grenoble, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France; Rinaudo, M., Centre de Recherches Sur Les Macromolécules Végétales (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier de Grenoble, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France	Combining mucoadhesive characteristics of a biodegradable polymer such as chitosan with the potential to enhance drug release by increasing the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs has great potential for pharmaceutical technology and drug delivery design. Polymeric delivery systems have been extensively researched in an attempt to achieve modified drug release. Cyclodextrins (CD) offer an alternative approach. These cyclic oligosaccharides have the ability to form non-covalent complexes with a number of drugs altering their physicochemical properties. In the continuing challenge to improve the properties of delivery systems, this paper focuses on the modification of chitosan by introducing β-cyclodextrin and to test the mucoadhesive strength and inclusion properties of this synthesised cyclodextrin-polymer. β-Cyclodextrin was successfully grafted onto a chitosan chain polymer with a cyclodextrin grafting yield of 7% and a CD-chitosan yield of 85%. Although the complexation of (+)-catechin by the grafted β-CD was found to be about five times weaker than that by the β-CD monoaldehyde and natural β-CD, the inclusion properties of the chitosan-CD remain promising. The mucoadhesive properties of chitosan-CD were compared to that of pectin (reference) and the parent chitosan with the use of a tensile separation test. The chitosan-CD showed mucoadhesive strengths of 12% stronger than pectin, but 13.5% weaker than the parent chitosan. The synthesised chitosan-CD-polymer exhibits characteristics of a possible mucoadhesive drug delivery system with some inclusion properties from β-cyclodextrin. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Bioabsorption; Chitosan; Drug delivery; Mucosal adhesion	aldehyde; beta cyclodextrin; chitosan derivative; cyclodextrin derivative; pectin; polymer; adhesion; article; drug delivery system; drug penetration; drug release; drug synthesis; mucosa; priority journal; tensile strength; Adhesiveness; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Chitosan; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure; Mucins; Polymers; Viscosity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-41349106751	Diclofenac sodium delivery to the eye: In vitro evaluation of novel solid lipid nanoparticle formulation using human cornea construct	Attama A.A., Reichl S., Müller-Goymann C.C.	2008	International Journal of Pharmaceutics	355	02-Jan	10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.12.007	Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 1, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria	Attama, A.A., Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 1, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria; Reichl, S., Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 1, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Müller-Goymann, C.C., Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 1, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany	Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were prepared with a combination of homolipid from goat (goat fat) and phospholipid, and evaluated for diclofenac sodium (DNa) delivery to the eye using bio-engineered human cornea, produced from immortalized human corneal endothelial cells (HENC), stromal fibroblasts and epithelial cells CEPI 17 CL 4. Encapsulation efficiency was high and sustained release of DNa and high permeation through the bio-engineered cornea were achieved. Results obtained in this work showed that permeation of DNa through the cornea construct was improved by formulation as SLN modified with phospholipid. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Diclofenac sodium; Drug permeation; Human cornea construct; Ocular drug delivery; Solid lipid nanoparticles; Surface modification	diclofenac; phosphatidylcholine; solid lipid nanoparticle; article; cornea; differential scanning calorimetry; drug delivery system; drug formulation; drug instillation; drug penetration; drug release; encapsulation; eye; human; in vitro study; particle size; priority journal; X ray diffraction; zeta potential; Algorithms; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Biological Transport, Active; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cornea; Diclofenac; Drug Compounding; Eye; Humans; Lipids; Nanoparticles; Particle Size; Permeability; Solubility; Tissue Engineering; X-Ray Diffraction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955044115	Evaluation of the physical properties and stability of two lipid drug delivery systems containing mefloquine	Slabbert C., Plessis L.H.D., Kotzé A.F.	2011	International Journal of Pharmaceutics	409	42371	10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.01.050	Unit for Drug Research and Development, North-West University, Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa	Slabbert, C., Unit for Drug Research and Development, North-West University, Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa; Plessis, L.H.D., Unit for Drug Research and Development, North-West University, Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa; Kotzé, A.F., Unit for Drug Research and Development, North-West University, Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa	Stability data is used to determine the change the product has undergone over a certain time period at specific temperatures. In the present study, the physical stability characterized by size, pH and entrapment efficacy of mefloquine loaded liposomes and Pheroid™ vesicles were investigated. Size was accurately determined by flow cytometry. Entrapment efficacy, after unentrapped drug was removed was successfully determined by UV- spectrophotometry. The formulations contained 0.5% (m/v) mefloquine and results showed that mefloquine interfered with the formation of lipid bilayer of the liposomes. Liposomes increased in size from 5.22 ± 0.03 μm to 9.71 ± 1.11 μm with accelerated stability and large aggregates were observed. A notable difference in stability testing of Pheroid™ vesicles was seen with no significant increase in size. Entrapment efficacy of 68.72 ± 0.04% (5 °C), 67.45 ± 2.92% (25 °C) and 67.45 ± 2.92% (30 °C) were obtained at the different storage conditions. With these findings the mefloquine loaded Pheroid™ vesicles are stable and should be used investigated for the possible increase in efficacy and bioavailability and decrease toxicity. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Drug delivery system; Liposome; Mefloquine hydrochloride; Pheroid™ Technology; Stability Characterization	drug carrier; liposome; mefloquine; article; drug delivery system; drug formulation; drug stability; flow cytometry; lipid bilayer; lipid vesicle; membrane binding; particle size; pH; priority journal; ultraviolet spectrophotometry; Antimalarials; Colloids; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Stability; Drug Storage; Fatty Acids; Flow Cytometry; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Liposomes; Mefloquine; Particle Size; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Temperature	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884155957	Monolayered multipolymeric buccal films with drug and polymers of opposing solubilities for ARV therapy: Physico-mechanical evaluation and molecular mechanics modelling	Jones E., Ojewole E., Pillay V., Kumar P., Rambharose S., Govender T.	2013	International Journal of Pharmaceutics	455	42371	10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.07.037	Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa; Discipline of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	Jones, E., Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Ojewole, E., Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Pillay, V., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa; Kumar, P., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa; Rambharose, S., Discipline of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Govender, T., Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	Although buccal permeation investigations with antiretroviral drug solutions have confirmed their transbuccal delivery potential, studies on their formulation into delivery systems are lacking. Multipolymeric monolayered films (MMFs) with drugs and polymers of opposing solubilities will offer several advantages for the controlled release delivery of didanosine (DDI) via the buccal route. The aim of this study was to employ a co-blending-co- plasticization technique for preparation of MMFs containing Eudragit® RS 100 (EUD) and Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and to undertake molecular modelling and in vitro characterizations. Uniform drug content (91-105%) with low variability was obtained for all films. Co-blending of DDI:HPMC:EUD (1:1:10) was required to achieve controlled drug release. The buccal permeability potential of DDI from the MMFs was successfully demonstrated with a permeability coefficient of 0.72 ± 0.14 × 10-2 cm/h and a steady state flux of 71.63 ± 13.54 μg/cm2 h. Films had acceptable mucoadhesivity (2184 mN), mechanical strength (0.698 N/mm2) and surface pH (6.63). The mechanism inherent to the mucoadhesive and drug release profile performance of the MMFs was elucidated via static lattice molecular mechanics simulations wherein a close corroboration among the in vitro-in silico (IVIS) data was observed. These extensive physico-mechanical and molecular atomistic studies have confirmed the use of MMFs containing DDI, HPMC and EUD as a buccal delivery system. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Buccal; Co-blended polymers; Didanosine; Films; Physico-mechanical properties; Static lattice atomistic simulations	didanosine; eudragit; hydroxypropylmethylcellulose; plasticizer; polymer; animal cell; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; buccal drug administration; computer model; controlled study; drug penetration; drug release; film coating; highly active antiretroviral therapy; in vitro study; model; molecular mechanics; nonhuman; permeability; pH; priority journal; solubility; steady state; surface property; Buccal; Co-blended polymers; Didanosine; Films; Physico-mechanical properties; Static lattice atomistic simulations; Administration, Buccal; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Didanosine; Drug Delivery Systems; Models, Molecular; Polymers; Solubility	South African Medical Research Council
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897471976	In vivo evaluation and in-depth pharmaceutical characterization of a rapidly dissolving solid ocular matrix for the topical delivery of timolol maleate in the rabbit eye model	Moosa R.M., Choonara Y.E., Du Toit L.C., Tomar L.K., Tyagi C., Kumar P., Carmichael T.R., Pillay V.	2014	International Journal of Pharmaceutics	466	42371	10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.02.032	University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Neurosciences, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa	Moosa, R.M., University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Choonara, Y.E., University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Du Toit, L.C., University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Tomar, L.K., University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Tyagi, C., University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Kumar, P., University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Carmichael, T.R., University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Neurosciences, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Pillay, V., University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa	The purpose of this study was to investigate the in-depth pharmaceutical properties and in vivo behavior of a novel lyophilized rapidly dissolving solid ocular matrix (RD-SOM) as a 'solid eye drop' formulation comprising timolol maleate as the model drug. Thermal and molecular transition analysis displayed similar findings with no incompatibility between formulation components. Porositometric studies confirmed the presence of interconnecting pores across the matrix surface. The HETCAM test indicated an irritation score of 0 with the inference of good tolerability for the RD-SOM in the New Zealand White albino rabbit eye model. Ex vivo permeation across excised rabbit cornea showed an improved steady state drug flux (0.00052 mg cm-2 min-1) and permeability co-efficient (1.7 × 10-4 cm min-1) for the RD-SOM compared to pure drug and a marketed eye drop preparation. UPLC analysis quantitatively separated timolol maleate and the internal standard (diclofenac sodium) and gamma irradiation was used as a terminal sterilization procedure. In vivo results revealed a peak concentration of timolol was reached at 104.9 min. In the case of a typical eye drop formulation a lower C max was obtained (1.97 ug/mL). Level A point-to-point IVIVC plots via the Wagner-Nelson method revealed a satisfactory R2 value of 0.84. In addition, the biodegradability and ocular compatibility of the RD-SOM was confirmed by histopathological toxicity studies. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	HET-CAM; In vitro in vivo correlation; Lyophilized polymer matrix; Ocular delivery; Timolol maleate	diclofenac; eye drops; timolol maleate; antihypertensive agent; eye drops; timolol; animal experiment; animal model; article; biodegradability; drug formulation; drug screening; eye toxicity; gamma irradiation; histopathology; in vivo study; nonhuman; permeability; pharmaceutics; pharmacological parameters; priority journal; rabbit; rapidly dissolving solid ocular matrix; steady state; thermal analysis; ultra performance liquid chromatography; animal; chick embryo; chorioallantois; drug delivery system; drug effects; eye; in vitro study; intraocular drug administration; metabolism; solubility; Administration, Ophthalmic; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Chick Embryo; Chorioallantoic Membrane; Drug Delivery Systems; Eye; In Vitro Techniques; Ophthalmic Solutions; Permeability; Rabbits; Solubility; Timolol	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949575717	Ex vivo evaluation of a microneedle array device for transdermal application	Indermun S., Choonara Y.E., Kumar P., Du Toit L.C., Modi G., Van Vuuren S., Luttge R., Pillay V.	2015	International Journal of Pharmaceutics	496	2	10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.09.070	Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Neurology, Division of Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands; MyLife Technologies BV, Enschede, Netherlands; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Microsystems Group and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands	Indermun, S., Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Choonara, Y.E., Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Kumar, P., Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Du Toit, L.C., Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Modi, G., Department of Neurology, Division of Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Van Vuuren, S., Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Luttge, R., MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands, MyLife Technologies BV, Enschede, Netherlands, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Microsystems Group and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands; Pillay, V., Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa	A new approach of transdermal drug delivery is the use of microneedles. This promising technique offers the potential to be broadly used for drug administration as it enables the dramatic increase in permeation of medicaments across the stratum corneum. The potential of microneedles has evolved to spawn a plethora of potential transdermal applications. In order to advance the microneedle capabilities and possibly revolutionize advanced drug delivery, this study introduces a novel transdermal electro-modulated hydrogel-microneedle array (EMH-MNA) device composed of a nano-porous, embeddable ceramic microneedle array as well as an optimized EMH for the electro-responsive delivery of indomethacin through the skin. The ex vivo permeation as well as drug release experiments were performed on porcine skin tissue to ascertain the electro-responsive capabilities of the device. In addition, the microbial permeation ability of the microneedles across the viable epidermis in both microneedle-punctured skin as well as hypodermic needle-punctured skin was determined. Ex vivo evaluation of the EMH-MNA device across porcine skin demonstrated that without electro-stimulation, significantly less drug release was obtained (±0.4540 mg) as compared to electro-stimulation (±2.93 mg). © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Electro-modulated hydrogel; Indomethacin; Micro-organisms; Microneedles; Transdermal drug delivery	indometacin; animal tissue; Article; ceramics; controlled study; drug delivery system; drug penetration; drug release; electrostimulation; epidermis; ex vivo study; hydrogel; hypodermic needle; nonhuman; pathogen load; pig; porosity; priority journal; puncture; safety; skin; skin permeability; stratum corneum; tissues	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949599715	Development and in vivo evaluation of an implantable nano-enabled multipolymeric scaffold for the management of AIDS dementia complex (ADC)	Harilall S.-L., Choonara Y.E., Tomar L.K., Tyagi C., Kumar P., Du Toit L.C., Modi G., Naidoo D., Iyuke S.E., Danckwerts M.P., Pillay V.	2015	International Journal of Pharmaceutics	496	2	10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.10.025	Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Neurology, Division of Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Harilall, S.-L., Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Choonara, Y.E., Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Tomar, L.K., Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Tyagi, C., Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Kumar, P., Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Du Toit, L.C., Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Modi, G., Department of Neurology, Division of Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Naidoo, D., Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Iyuke, S.E., School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Danckwerts, M.P., Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Pillay, V., Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa	This study reports the use of biocompatible and biodegradable polymers for the formulation and design of an implantable multipolymeric drug delivery device (MDDD) for the management of AIDS dementia complex (ADC), a debilitating condition affecting the cognitive, motor and behavioral systems in HIV+ individuals. A 3-factor Box-Behnken statistical design was employed for the optimization of nanoparticle and multipolymeric scaffold formulations. Fifteen formulations were generated using the Box-Behnken template, which were assessed for physicochemical and physicomechanical characterization. The optimised nanoparticle formulation yielded nanoparticles measuring 68.04 nm in size and zeta potential (ZP) of -13.4 mV was calculated for the colloidal system. In an attempt to further retard drug release and to formulate a device for implantation in the frontal lobe of the brain, nanoparticles were dispersed within a multipolymeric matrix. Matrix erosion was calculated at 28% for multipolymeric scaffold and a matrix resilience of 4.451% was observed 30 days post exposure to PBS, indicating slow degradation of the MDDD. In vivo studies showed 12.793 ng/mL and 35.225 ng/mL AZT level in plasma and CSF. In view of the physicomechanical properties, in vitro and in vivo drug release kinetics of MDDD makes it a potential candidate for the management of the ADC. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	AIDS dementia complex management; Implantable device; Nanoparticles; Polymeric scaffold	molecular scaffold; placebo; polymer; zidovudine; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antiviral therapy; Article; brain tissue; colloid; controlled study; drug delivery device; drug release; equipment design; frontal lobe; HIV associated dementia; implantable multipolymeric drug delivery device; in vitro study; in vivo study; male; mechanics; nanofabrication; nanopharmaceutics; nonhuman; particle size; physical chemistry; priority journal; process optimization; rat; weight reduction; zeta potential	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951636839	Plain radiographic evaluation of the nasopharynx: Do raters agree?	Kolo E.S., Salisu A.D., Tabari A.M., Dahilo E.A., Aluko A.A.	2010	International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology	74	5	10.1016/j.ijporl.2010.02.015	Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria; Department of Radiology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria	Kolo, E.S., Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria; Salisu, A.D., Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria; Tabari, A.M., Department of Radiology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria; Dahilo, E.A., Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria; Aluko, A.A., Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria	Background: Subjective plain radiographic evaluation of the nasopharynx has been a widely adopted technique. Although it has its own limitations, its ease of interpretation and simplicity are some of its advantages. Aim: To investigate the reliability, using kappa, in subjectively reporting plain nasopharyngeal radiographs in children with symptoms suggestive of enlarged adenoids. Methods: This was a retrospective study of the clinical records, and plain X-rays of the nasopharynx of paediatric patients with clinical features of adenoid hypertrophy in a Nigerian Tertiary Health Institution from January 2008 to December 2008. Results: Fifty-one children with a mean age of 3.4 years; standard deviation of 2.772 was studied. They had an age range of 2 months to 12 years. Most (66.6%) of the children studied were in the age bracket 0-4 years. The inter-rater reliability between the two Otolaryngologists, and that between an Otolaryngologist and a Radiologist using kappa statistics were 0.6696, 95% CI (0.5035-0.8357; p<0.05) and 0.8182, 95% CI (0.7073-0.9291; p<0.05) respectively. While the kappa intra-rater reliabilities for the two Otolaryngologists were 0.6931, 95% CI (0.5473-0.8389) and 0.9591, 95% CI (0.9033-1.000). Conclusion: There was a high level of agreement among trained raters, in subjectively interpreting plain nasopharyngeal radiographs in children with suspected adenoidal obstruction. © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.	Adenoids; Kappa statistics; Nasopharyngeal airway; Nigeria; Plain Radiography	article; child; childhood disease; clinical feature; controlled study; female; human; infant; intrarater reliability; major clinical study; male; medical record; nasopharynx; Nigeria; pharyngography; pharynx disease; preschool child; priority journal; professional competence; radiologist; retrospective study; school child; symptom; X ray; Adenoids; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Hypertrophy; Infant; Male; Nasopharynx; Nigeria; Observer Variation; Reproducibility of Results; Retrospective Studies	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898544176	The impact of palatal repair before and after 6 months of age on speech characteristics	Luyten A., Bettens K., D'haeseleer E., De Ley S., Hodges A., Galiwango G., Bonte K., Vermeersch H., Van Lierde K.	2014	International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology	78	5	10.1016/j.ijporl.2014.02.012	Ghent University, Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, De Pintelaan 185, 2P1, 9000 Gent, Belgium; Comprehensive Rehabilitation Services in Uganda (CoRSU), PO Box 46, Kisubi, Uganda; Ghent University, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, De Pintelaan 185, 2P2, 9000 Gent, Belgium	Luyten, A., Ghent University, Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, De Pintelaan 185, 2P1, 9000 Gent, Belgium; Bettens, K., Ghent University, Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, De Pintelaan 185, 2P1, 9000 Gent, Belgium; D'haeseleer, E., Ghent University, Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, De Pintelaan 185, 2P1, 9000 Gent, Belgium; De Ley, S., Ghent University, Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, De Pintelaan 185, 2P1, 9000 Gent, Belgium; Hodges, A., Comprehensive Rehabilitation Services in Uganda (CoRSU), PO Box 46, Kisubi, Uganda; Galiwango, G., Comprehensive Rehabilitation Services in Uganda (CoRSU), PO Box 46, Kisubi, Uganda; Bonte, K., Ghent University, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, De Pintelaan 185, 2P2, 9000 Gent, Belgium; Vermeersch, H., Ghent University, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, De Pintelaan 185, 2P2, 9000 Gent, Belgium; Van Lierde, K., Ghent University, Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, De Pintelaan 185, 2P1, 9000 Gent, Belgium	Objective: Optimal timing of palatal repair is still subject of discussion. Although literature provides some evidence that palatal closure prior to 6 months positively influence speech outcome in children with clefts, only few studies verified this hypothesis. The purpose of this study was to describe and compare articulation and resonance characteristics following early (≤6 months) and later (>6 months) palatal repair, performed using the Sommerlad technique. Methods: Comparison was made between 12 Ugandan children with isolated cleft (lip and) palate following early palatal repair (mean age: 3.3 m) and 12 Belgian patients with later palatal repair (mean age: 11.1 m), matched for cleft type, age and gender. A Ugandan and Belgian age- and gender-matched control group without clefts was included to control for language, culture and other environmental factors. Articulation assessments consisted of consonant inventories and phonetic and phonological analyses that were based on consensus transcriptions. In addition, resonance was evaluated by perceptual consensus ratings and objective mean nasalance values. Results: The Belgian and Ugandan control groups were comparable for the majority of the variables. Comparison of cleft palate groups revealed no clinically relevant significant group differences for consonant inventory or phonological processes. Phonetic analysis showed significantly more distortions in the Belgian cleft palate group due to higher occurrence frequencies for (inter)dental productions of apico-alveolar consonants. Neither perceptual consensus ratings of hypernasality, hyponasality, cul-de-sac resonance and nasal emission/turbulence, nor objective mean nasalance values for oral speech samples revealed significant group differences (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Articulation and resonance characteristics of young children following palatal repair before and after 6 months of age seem to be at least comparable. © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.	Articulation; Cleft; Resonance; Sommerlad technique; Speech; Timing of palatoplasty	age; Articulation Disorders; Belgium; case control study; child; cleft palate; cohort analysis; comparative study; developing country; evaluation study; female; follow up; human; infant; male; pathophysiology; phonetics; plastic surgery; preschool child; procedures; risk assessment; speech analysis; speech intelligibility; speech therapy; treatment outcome; Uganda; Age Factors; Articulation Disorders; Belgium; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Cleft Palate; Cohort Studies; Developing Countries; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant; Male; Phonetics; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures; Risk Assessment; Speech Intelligibility; Speech Production Measurement; Speech Therapy; Treatment Outcome; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905229482	Remote evaluation of video-otoscopy recordings in an unselected pediatric population with an otitis media scale	Lundberg T., Biagio L., Laurent C., Sandström H., Swanepoel D.W.	2014	International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology	78	9	10.1016/j.ijporl.2014.06.018	Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family medicine, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umea, Sweden; Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Clinical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden; Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia; Ear Sciences Centre, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia	Lundberg, T., Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family medicine, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umea, Sweden; Biagio, L., Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Laurent, C., Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Clinical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden; Sandström, H., Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family medicine, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umea, Sweden; Swanepoel, D.W., Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia, Ear Sciences Centre, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia	Background: A recently validated image-based grading scale for acute otitis media (OMGRADE) can be used to assess tympanic membrane (TM) status. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of this scale for remote assessments of TM status using video-otoscopy recordings in an unselected pediatric population. Method: Children 2-16 years attending a South African primary health clinic were offered an ear examination by an otologist using otomicroscopy. An ear and hearing telehealth facilitator then made video-otoscopy recordings (9-33. s) of the ears and uptakes were uploaded to a secure server for remote assessments in Sweden by an otologist and general practitioner at four- and eight-weeks post onsite assessment. TM appearance was judged according to the OMGRADE scale. Concordance between onsite otomicroscopy and asynchronous assessments of video-otoscopy recordings was calculated together with intra- and inter-rater agreements. Results: One hundred and eighty ears were included. Concordance of TM classifications using the OMGRADE scale was found to be substantial (weighted kappa range 0.66-0.79). Intra- and inter-rater agreement (test-retest) was found to be substantial to almost perfect (weighted kappa range 0.85-0.88 and 0.69-0.72, respectively). Conclusion: The OMGRADE scale can be used to accurately assess the normal TM and secretory otitis media (SOM) remotely using video-otoscopy recordings in an unselected pediatric population. © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.	Grading; Otitis media; Tympanic membrane; Video-otoscopy	acute otitis media; adolescent; article; child; chronic suppurative otitis media; diagnostic test accuracy study; diagnostic value; disease classification; eardrum; female; general practitioner; human; major clinical study; male; microscope; microscopy; OMGRADE scale; otitis media; otomicroscopy; otoscope; otoscopy; pediatrics; preschool child; priority journal; rating scale; reliability; school child; secretory otitis media; sensitivity and specificity; standard; Sweden; validity; video otoscopy; infant; otitis media; otoscopy; pathology; procedures; reproducibility; South Africa; telemedicine; videorecording; Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Otitis Media; Otoscopy; Pediatrics; Reproducibility of Results; South Africa; Telemedicine; Tympanic Membrane; Video Recording	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929046142	Impact of emotional distress on caregivers burden among Nigerian children with Obstructive Adenotonsillar hypertrophy	Olagunju A.T., Asoegwu C.N., Campbell E.A., Akinbode A.A., Aina O.F., Nwawolo C.C.	2015	International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology	79	6	10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.03.018	Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria; Depar	Olagunju, A.T., Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria, Department of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria; Asoegwu, C.N., Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria; Campbell, E.A., Department of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria; Akinbode, A.A., Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Aina, O.F., Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria, Department of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria; Nwawolo, C.C., Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria, Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Background: Despite the significance of the role of caregivers among children with Obstructive Adenotonsillar hypertrophy (OAT), their caregiving experience and emotional well-being are given poor attention in research, policy and service design. This study represents a novel effort sought to investigate the burden experienced by caregivers of children with OAT and the impact of emotional distress on their caregiving burden. Methodology: A total of one hundred consecutive caregivers of children with OAT were interviewed with designed socio-demographic questionnaire. This was subsequently followed by administration of General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) to ascertain emotional distress using cut-off score ≥3 and Zarit Caregivers Burden of care scale was used to characterize the pattern of burden experienced by these caregivers. Results: In this study, the mean ages of children with OAT and their caregivers were 36.7(±21.8) months and 34.4(±5.4) years, respectively. The affected children were mainly males (68%), while their caregivers were predominantly females (84%). Fifty-seven percent of children with OAT were schooling but 13% of them had academic delay. Majority of the caregivers (66%) had a tertiary level of education. Of the total participants, up to 43% reported various degrees of burden of care, with majority (34%) of them reporting mild to moderate burden of care. In the same vein, 48% were emotionally distressed. Following regression analyses, emotional distress was independently associated with burden of care among participants (Odds ratio [OR]. =. 0.108; 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI]. =. 0.043-0.272; p<. 0.001). Conclusion: Caregivers of children with OAT reported the experience of various degrees of burden, and worse among caregivers with emotional distress. Overall, the level of distress and burden observed in this study were many-fold what has been reported among caregivers of other populations of children. The results of this study support the proposal of proactive measures to address the psychosocial needs of caregivers as integral to the care of children with OAT. Further research on the well-being of caregivers is also justified. © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.	Burden of care; Caregiver; Emotional distress; Nigerian children; Obstructive Adenotonsillar hypertrophy	adenotonsillar hypertrophy; adult; Article; caregiver; caregiver burden; child; child health care; childhood disease; clinical article; cross-sectional study; educational status; emotional stress; female; human; male; multicenter study (topic); Nigeria; obstructive adenotonsillar hypertrophy; priority journal; social psychology; adenoid; complication; cost of illness; emotion; epidemiology; hypertrophy; infant; mental health; mental stress; palatine tonsil; pathology; preschool child; psychology; questionnaire; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Adenoids; Adult; Caregivers; Child, Preschool; Cost of Illness; Emotions; Female; Humans; Hypertrophy; Infant; Male; Mental Health; Nigeria; Palatine Tonsil; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Stress, Psychological; Surveys and Questionnaires	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881612365	The impact of a call centre on communication in a programme and its projects	Bond-Barnard T.J., Steyn H., Fabris-Rotelli I.	2013	International Journal of Project Management	31	7	10.1016/j.ijproman.2012.12.012	Graduate School of Technology Management, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Statistics, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Bond-Barnard, T.J., Graduate School of Technology Management, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Steyn, H., Graduate School of Technology Management, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Fabris-Rotelli, I., Department of Statistics, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Call centres are increasingly being utilised in public sector programmes to facilitate and manage communication between numerous stakeholders. Yet, the impact of call centres on projects has not been investigated. This paper reports on a survey with 92 respondents that assessed the impact of a call centre for a repair and maintenance programme. An empirically verified model is presented to illustrate the relationship between call centre communication and project performance. A balance of frequent informal and formal communication is shown to reduce mistrust and conflict of interest resulting from each party trying to maximise his respective economic position in the principal-agency relationship. The data provides evidence that a call centre improves the communication, collaboration and trust in project principal-agency relationships which, in turn, is perceived to contribute to project performance. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd and APM IPMA.	Call centres; Communication; Principal-agency theory; Project communication management; Project performance	Call centres; Conflict of interest; Economic positions; Principal agencies; Project communications; Project performance; Public sector; Repair and maintenance; Surveys; Communication; call center; communication; performance assessment; project management; stakeholder; theoretical study	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84933051370	The impact of zinc recycling on the slurry rheology of WC-6 wt.% Co cemented carbides?	Freemantle C.S., Sacks N.	2015	International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials	49	1	10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2014.08.015	School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of the Witwatersrand, P/Bag 3, Wits, South Africa; Pilot Tools (Pty) (Ltd), P.O. Box 27559, Benrose, South Africa	Freemantle, C.S., School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of the Witwatersrand, P/Bag 3, Wits, South Africa, Pilot Tools (Pty) (Ltd), P.O. Box 27559, Benrose, South Africa; Sacks, N., School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of the Witwatersrand, P/Bag 3, Wits, South Africa	The slurry rheology of zinc recycled and newWC-6 wt.% Co materials has been studied. The impact of polymer molecular weight, particle size distribution, zeta potential and solids loading on slurry rheology has been investigated and correlated with spray dried powder properties. Powders were characterized in terms of granule size distribution, apparent density, flow rate and granule microstructure. Zinc recycled and new powders, produced in both laboratory and production sized mills, were rheologically tested at various particle sizes ranging from 1.3 μm to 4.1 μm and at 3 different alcohol fractions. Polymer breakdown did not occur during milling, and did not influence slurry rheology. Recycled powders exhibited more consistent zeta potentials compared to new powders however all of the slurries, recycled and new alike, displayed agglomerating tendencies. Grain size distribution was shown to be the dominant factor in the shear response and development of a slurry yield stress, which resulted in solid spray dried granules from slurries possessing finer grain size and a higher yield stress, compared to hollow granules resulting from slurries possessing a coarser grain size and a low yield stress. Finer slurries, regardless of recycling or not, displayed higher settling rates. Zinc recycled slurries settled less quickly than newslurries of similar particle size; however they required longermilling times to achieve the target grain size distribution. Both zinc recycled and new powder slurries can be tailored to produce ideal, solid granules. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Cemented carbides; Slurry rheology; Spray drying; Zinc recycling	Carbide tools; Carbides; Copolymers; Elasticity; Granulation; Particle size; Particle size analysis; Powders; Recycling; Size distribution; Slurries; Spray drying; Tungsten carbide; Yield stress; Zeta potential; Zinc; Milling (machining); Cemented carbides; Grain size distribution; Granule microstructure; Granule size distribution; Polymer molecular weight; Slurry rheology; Spray-dried granules; Spray-dried powders; Grain size and shape	National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856367846	Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in head-and-neck cancer: The impact of region of interest selection on the intra- and interpatient variability of pharmacokinetic parameters	Craciunescu O.I., Yoo D.S., Cleland E., Muradyan N., Carroll M.D., MacFall J.R., Barboriak D.P., Brizel D.M.	2012	International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics	82	3	10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.05.059	Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States; GECAD Ghana Ltd., Acra, Ghana; ICAD Inc., Nashua, NH, United States; Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States	Craciunescu, O.I., Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Yoo, D.S., Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Cleland, E., GECAD Ghana Ltd., Acra, Ghana; Muradyan, N., ICAD Inc., Nashua, NH, United States; Carroll, M.D., Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States; MacFall, J.R., Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States; Barboriak, D.P., Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States; Brizel, D.M., Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States	Purpose: Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI-extracted parameters measure tumor microvascular physiology and are usually calculated from an intratumor region of interest (ROI). Optimal ROI delineation is not established. The valid clinical use of DCE-MRI requires that the variation for any given parameter measured within a tumor be less than that observed between tumors in different patients. This work evaluates the impact of tumor ROI selection on the assessment of intra- and interpatient variability. Method and Materials: Head and neck cancer patients received initial targeted therapy (TT) treatment with erlotinib and/or bevacizumab, followed by radiotherapy and concurrent cisplatin with synchronous TT. DCE-MRI data from Baseline and the end of the TT regimen (Lead-In) were analyzed to generate the vascular transfer function (K trans), the extracellular volume fraction (v e), and the initial area under the concentration time curve (iAUC 1 min). Four ROI sampling strategies were used: whole tumor or lymph node (Whole), the slice containing the most enhancing voxels (SliceMax), three slices centered in SliceMax (Partial), and the 5% most enhancing contiguous voxels within SliceMax (95Max). The average coefficient of variation (aCV) was calculated to establish intrapatient variability among ROI sets and interpatient variability for each ROI type. The average ratio between each intrapatient CV and the interpatient CV was calculated (aRCV). Results: Baseline primary/nodes aRCVs for different ROIs not including 95Max were, for all three MR parameters, in the range of 0.14-0.24, with Lead-In values between 0.09 and 0.2, meaning a low intrapatient vs. interpatient variation. For 95Max, intrapatient CVs approximated interpatient CVs, meaning similar data dispersion and higher aRCVs (0.6-1.27 for baseline) and 0.54-0.95 for Lead-In. Conclusion: Distinction between different patient's primary tumors and/or nodes cannot be made using 95Max ROIs. The other three strategies are viable and equivalent for using DCE-MRI to measure head and neck cancer physiology. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.	DCE-MRI; Head and neck cancer; Pharmacokinetic analysis; ROI	Bevacizumab; Clinical use; Coefficient of variation; Concentration-time; Concurrent cisplatin; Contrast-enhanced; Data dispersion; DCE-MRI; Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI; Erlotinib; Extracellular volumes; Head-and-neck cancer; Lymph node; Microvascular; Pharmacokinetic analysis; Pharmacokinetic parameters; Region of interest; ROI; Sampling strategies; Diseases; Patient treatment; Pharmacokinetics; Physiology; Platinum compounds; Tumors; bevacizumab; cisplatin; erlotinib; tarceval; unclassified drug; add on therapy; adjuvant therapy; article; chemoradiotherapy; clinical trial; contrast enhancement; dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging; head and neck cancer; human; molecularly targeted therapy; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; parameters; physiology; priority journal; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Area Under Curve; Chemoradiotherapy; Cisplatin; Contrast Media; Gadolinium DTPA; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Image Enhancement; Lymphatic Metastasis; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Microcirculation; Molecular Targeted Therapy; North Carolina; Quinazolines	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-18944396088	The Lewis factor and its influence on the performance prediction of wet-cooling towers	Kloppers J.C., Kröger D.G.	2005	International Journal of Thermal Sciences	44	9	10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2005.03.006	Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd, Private Bag X1034, Secunda 2302, South Africa; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa	Kloppers, J.C., Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd, Private Bag X1034, Secunda 2302, South Africa; Kröger, D.G., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa	The effect of the Lewis factor, or Lewis relation, on the performance prediction of natural draft and mechanical draft wet-cooling towers is investigated. The Lewis factor relates the relative rates of heat and mass transfer in wet-cooling towers. The history and development of the Lewis factor and its application in wet-cooling tower heat and mass transfer analyses are discussed. The relation of the Lewis factor to the Lewis number is also investigated. The influence of the Lewis factor on the prediction of wet-cooling tower performance is subsequently investigated. The Poppe heat and mass transfer analysis of evaporative cooling are considered as the Lewis factor can be explicitly specified. It is found that if the same definition or value of the Lewis factor is employed in the fill test analysis and in the subsequent cooling tower performance analysis, the water outlet temperature will be accurately predicted. The amount of water that evaporates, however, is a function of the actual value of the Lewis factor. If the inlet ambient air temperature is relatively high, the influence of the Lewis factor, on tower performance diminishes. It is very important, in the view of the Lewis factor that any cooling tower fill test be conducted under conditions that are as close as possible to the conditions specified for cooling tower operating conditions. © 2005 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.	Evaporation; Lewis factor; Lewis number; Poppe; Wet-cooling tower	Atmospheric humidity; Diffusion; Evaporation; Heat transfer; Mass transfer; Nusselt number; Pressure effects; Specific heat; Velocity measurement; Viscosity; Lewis factor; Lewis number; Poppe; Wet-cooling tower; Cooling towers	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904549442	Performance characteristics of artificial coatings applied to steam surface condensers	Goodenough J.L., Reuter H.C.R.	2014	International Journal of Thermal Sciences	85	None	10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2014.06.020	Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Stellenbosch University, South Africa	Goodenough, J.L., Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Reuter, H.C.R., Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Stellenbosch University, South Africa	Recent developments in artificial protective coatings (APCs) and their application techniques have made it possible to consistently apply uniformly thin coatings. However, documented testing procedures are limited, which specifically deal with the thermal performance of these coatings. Moreover, recently developed coatings and application techniques are unique in many aspects and there exists the need to test their combined performance. There are also insufficient industrial guidelines to regulate the selection and application of these coatings. This paper investigates the measurement of the thermal performance of these coatings applied to new brass tubes. The double-pipe counter-flow heat exchanger, that was designed, manufactured and commissioned, is described. Heated water is used to simulate condensing steam, thus enforcing repeatable convection coefficients that are similar in magnitude to condensing steam. The measured annular convection coefficients (tested on new uncoated tubes) indicate the heat exchanger achieves fully-developed hydrodynamic conditions, and the measured Nusselt numbers agree within up to ±5% of literature correlations. Three different coatings are tested, with thicknesses ranging from 40 μm to 130 μm. Thermal performance is measured in terms of the coating thermal conductivity, the effective coated-tube conductivity, and the coating factor. Additionally, the pressure drop measurements agree within ±5% of smooth tube predictions. The Heat Exchange Institute (HEI) method for determining the heat transfer rate of steam surface condensers (Heat Exchange Institute, Standards for Steam Surface Condensers, Heat Exchange Institute (HEI), Cleveland, Ohio, 2012, 11th edition) makes no provision for APCs. However, this paper shows how to modify the design cleanliness factor or the material correction factor to account for APCs. Single tube tests are related to the overall condenser performance, and hence are used to show how coating guidelines may be determined in terms of the coating conductivity and thickness. © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	Coatings; Condensers; Conductivity; Corrosion; Erosion; Fouling	Capacitors; Coatings; Corrosion; Electric conductivity; Erosion; Fouling; Heat exchangers; Protective coatings; Steam; Thermal conductivity; Tubes (components); Coating conductivity; Condenser performance; Convection coefficients; Counter-flow heat exchangers; Hydrodynamic conditions; Performance characteristics; Pressure drop measurements; Thermal Performance; Condenser tubes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-56049105154	Contextual determinants and performance implications of information systems strategy planning within South African firms	Cohen J.F.	2008	Information and Management	45	8	10.1016/j.im.2008.09.001	School of Economic and Business Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg, WITS 2050, South Africa	Cohen, J.F., School of Economic and Business Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg, WITS 2050, South Africa	While studies have shown the effect of context on IS planning as important, the incorporation of contextual factors has not been systematic and the categorization of factors has not been made explicit and some factors have only been superficially examined. My study examined the interrelationships amongst four domains of context and considered their influence on IS planning. The corresponding impact of planning on performance was also assessed. Data was collected from 116 South African companies and results revealed that the internal IS context mediated the effects of environmental and organisational level variables on IS planning practice. Results further showed that IS planning intensity and degree of integration with business planning was strongly influenced by managerial planning expertise, and had positive effects on business management's commitment to IS as well as on IS contribution to business performance. Results have important implications in organisational IS planning and performance. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Commitment; Context; Environment; IS performance; Planning expertise; Strategic IS planning; Strategy	Information retrieval systems; Regional planning; Strategic planning; Commitment; Context; Environment; IS performance; Strategic IS planning; Strategy; Planning	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941745031	Magnitude and Kinetics of CD8+ T Cell Activation during Hyperacute HIV Infection Impact Viral Set Point	Ndhlovu Z.M., Kamya P., Mewalal N., Kløverpris H.N., Nkosi T., Pretorius K., Laher F., Ogunshola F., Chopera D., Shekhar K., Ghebremichael M., Ismail N., Moodley A., Malik A., Leslie A., Goulder P.J.R., Buus Sø., Chakraborty A., Dong K., Ndung'u T., Walke	2015	Immunity	43	3	10.1016/j.immuni.2015.08.012	HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, United States; KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV (K-RITH), Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Chariteplatz 1, Berlin, Germany; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 25 Ames St, Cambridge, MA, United States; Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark	Ndhlovu, Z.M., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, United States; Kamya, P., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, United States; Mewalal, N., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Kløverpris, H.N., KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV (K-RITH), Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark; Nkosi, T., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Pretorius, K., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Laher, F., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Ogunshola, F., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Chopera, D., KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV (K-RITH), Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Shekhar, K., Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 25 Ames St, Cambridge, MA, United States; Ghebremichael, M., Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, United States; Ismail, N., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Moodley, A., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, United States; Malik, A., Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Leslie, A., Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, United States, KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV (K-RITH), Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Goulder, P.J.R., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Buus, Sø., Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark; Chakraborty, A., Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, United States, Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 25 Ames St, Cambridge, MA, United States; Dong, K., Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, United States; Ndung'u, T., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, United States, KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV (K-RITH), Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Chariteplatz 1, Berlin, Germany; Walker, B.D., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, United States, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, United States	CD8+ T cells contribute to the control of HIV, but it is not clear whether initial immune responses modulate the viral set point. We screened high-risk uninfected women twice a week for plasma HIV RNA and identified 12 hyperacute infections. Onset of viremia elicited a massive HIV-specific CD8+ T cell response, with limited bystander activation of non-HIV memory CD8+ T cells. HIV-specific CD8+ T cells secreted little interferon-γ, underwent rapid apoptosis, and failed to upregulate the interleukin-7 receptor, known to be important for T cell survival. The rapidity to peak CD8+ T cell activation and the absolute magnitude of activation induced by the exponential rise in viremia were inversely correlated with set point viremia. These data indicate that rapid, high magnitude HIV-induced CD8+ T cell responses are crucial for subsequent immune control of acute infection, which has important implications for HIV vaccine design. © 2015 Elsevier Inc.	None	gamma interferon; interleukin 2; tetramer; tumor necrosis factor alpha; adult; antigen specificity; apoptosis; Article; basic reproduction number; blood donor; CD4 lymphocyte count; CD4+ T lymphocyte; CD8+ T lymphocyte; cell proliferation; cell survival; clinical article; controlled study; enzyme linked immunospot assay; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immune response; immunophenotyping; kinetics; peripheral blood mononuclear cell; phenotype; priority journal; T lymphocyte activation; target cell; viremia; virus load; young adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77949655143	Environmental, irrigation and fertilization impacts on the seed quality of guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray)	Bekaardt C.R., Coffelt T.A., Fenwick J.R., Wiesner L.E.	2010	Industrial Crops and Products	31	3	10.1016/j.indcrop.2009.12.008	Agricultural Research Council, P/Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; U.S. Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Maricopa, AZ 85138, United States; Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, United States; National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, USDA-ARS, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, United States	Bekaardt, C.R., Agricultural Research Council, P/Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; Coffelt, T.A., U.S. Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Maricopa, AZ 85138, United States; Fenwick, J.R., Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, United States; Wiesner, L.E., National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, USDA-ARS, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, United States	Guayule is a perennial shrub that originates from the Chihuahua desert. Currently stand establishment is by transplanting seedlings. In order for guayule commercialization to be more profitable, direct seeding methods need to be developed. For direct seeding to be practical factors affecting seed quality need to be identified. Guayule seed quality is highly variable. The objective of this study was to determine the seed quality of guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) grown under various field conditions in Arizona, USA, and to determine the influence of irrigation frequency and fertilization management practices on seed quality. In experiment I guayule lines AZ-2, AZ-4, AZ-R2 and 11591 were compared at four locations in Arizona (Marana, Maricopa, Yuma Mesa and Yuma Valley). In experiment II guayule lines AZ-2 and 11591 were compared under three irrigation frequencies (40%, 60% and 80%) field capacity and fertilization at low and high levels of nitrogen, at Maricopa. Germination, embryo viability, empty achene production and achene moisture content were determined for harvested achenes. In experiment I a line × location interaction occurred for normal germination, empty achenes and achene fresh weight. Line AZ-4 had the highest germination of 59% at the Yuma Valley location. Empty achenes were the highest in Marana for line 11591 at 56%. In experiment II normal germination was affected by the line, irrigation and fertilization factors. The highest germination of 66% with line 11591, 55% at 60% irrigation and 56% at high fertilization was recorded. Empty achenes were the highest with line AZ-2 at 27%. Correlations of normal germination vs. maximum temperature, empty achenes vs. total rainfall and empty achenes vs. average wind speed were positive. Negative correlations occurred for empty achene vs. maximum temperature, normal germination vs. total rainfall and normal germination vs. average wind speed. The quality of guayule seed under both experimental conditions is severely decreased by empty achene production, which seems due to genetic variability and environmental conditions during flower bloom.	Achene; Fertilization; Guayule; Irrigation; Parthenium argentatum	Arizona; Arizona , USA; Direct-seeding; Environmental conditions; Experimental conditions; Fertilization; Field capacity; Field conditions; Flower bloom; Fresh weight; Genetic variability; Irrigation frequency; Management practices; Maximum temperature; Moisture contents; Negative correlation; Parthenium argentatum; Perennial shrubs; Seed quality; Stand establishment; Total rainfall; Wind speed; Experiments; Landforms; Location; Profitability; Seed; Wind effects; Irrigation; commercialization; fertilizer application; genetic variation; germination; irrigation system; nitrogen; seedling; shrub; transplantation; wind velocity; Chihuahuan Desert; Parthenium argentatum; Yuma; crop production; environmental management; genetic modification; harvesting; moisture content; production management; profitability; seed	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957236766	Preparation and evaluation of Jatropha curcas Linneaus seed oil alkyd resins	Odetoye T.E., Ogunniyi D.S., Olatunji G.A.	2010	Industrial Crops and Products	32	3	10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.04.016	Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria	Odetoye, T.E., Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Ogunniyi, D.S., Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Olatunji, G.A., Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria	Jatropha curcas Linnaeus (JCL) seed oil was utilized in the preparation of four sets of alkyd resin (35%, 50%, 60% and 75% oil formulations) using a two-stage alcoholysis-polyesterification method. The rates of polyesterification depended on the amount of oil used during synthesis. The properties of the alkyds were evaluated. The range of solidification times was between 278 and 442s; also the range of film thickness was between 0.014 and 0.08mm, and the alkyds were readily soluble in turpentine, xylene and butanol. Inclusion of cobalt naphthenate as drier and outdoor temperature (37°C±2) improved the drying properties of all the alkyds. The colours of white gloss paints formulated from the alkyds, considering a pigment-volume concentration of 20.67% in the gloss paint formulation, compared well with that of a paint formulated using a commercial alkyd sample. 1H NMR analysis confirms the expected structure of the alkyds. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.	Alkyds; Jatropha oil; Resin	Alcoholysis; Alkyds; Jatropha curcas; Jatropha oil; NMR analysis; Oil formulations; Outdoor temperature; Paint formulation; Polyesterification; Seed oil; Two stage; Volume concentration; Alkyd resins; Aromatic hydrocarbons; Cobalt; Oils and fats; Paint; Xylene; Resins; alcohol; dicotyledon; nuclear magnetic resonance; pigment; resin; solidification; vegetable oil; volume; xylene; Jatropha; Jatropha curcas	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883802083	Evaluation of bagasse from different varieties of sugarcane by dilute acid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis	Benjamin Y., Cheng H., Görgens J.F.	2013	Industrial Crops and Products	51	None	10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.08.067	Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	Benjamin, Y., Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Cheng, H., Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Görgens, J.F., Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	Lignocellulosic ethanol is a promising alternative to gasoline that can be produced by fermentation of sugars present in lignocellulosic biomass. Improved properties of energy crops and reduction of lignocellulose recalcitrance to biological conversion have the potential to reduce production costs. This study evaluated bagasse from 115 varieties of sugarcane for fermentable sugar yield. The purpose was to select the preferred varieties with fiber of high processability without compromising juice ethanol and cane yield. Dilute acid pretreatment was employed to improve the sugars yield from the bagasse. The results showed wide variations in structural carbohydrates (as monosaccharide) content (66.6-77.6% dry matter (DM)) and lignin content (14.4-23.1% DM) between varieties. Combined sugar yield obtained after pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis also varied significantly (27.3-55.2. g/100. g DM). Further, it was demonstrated that some of the varieties had combined characteristics of high cane productivity and combined sugar yield after pretreatment-hydrolysis of the bagasse. These results suggest the incorporation of selection of varieties, given its contribution for developing a cost-efficient pretreatment and saccharification process. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Classical breeding; Enzymatic hydrolysis; Precision breeding; Pretreatment; Sugarcane bagasse	Biological conversion; Classical breeding; Dilute acid pretreatment; Lignocellulosic biomass; Lignocellulosic ethanols; Pre-Treatment; Precision breeding; Sugar-cane bagasse; Enzymatic hydrolysis; Ethanol; Lignin; Saccharification; Sugar cane; Sugars; Bagasse; carbohydrate; cellulose; cost-benefit analysis; dilution; enzyme activity; ethanol; hydrolysis; sugar cane; Bagasse; Breeding; Enzymolysis; Ethanol; Lignins; Pretreatment; Sugar Cane	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943616357	Extraction of oil from Terminalia catappa L.: Process parameter impacts, kinetics, and thermodynamics	Menkiti M.C., Agu C.M., Udeigwe T.K.	2015	Industrial Crops and Products	77	None	10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.08.019	Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Resources Center, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria; Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech Un	Menkiti, M.C., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Resources Center, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States, Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria; Agu, C.M., Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria; Udeigwe, T.K., Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States	The effects of temperature, time, solvent type, and particle size on oil yield as well as the effects of these parameters (particle size, time, and temperature) on the kinetics and thermodynamics parameters (enthalpy, entropy, and free energy) of oil extraction from Terminalia catappa L. kernel (TCK) were investigated. Among the different extractions solvents examined, n-hexane gave the highest oil yield of 60.45% (by weight) at 55°C, 150min, and 0.5mm particle size. Findings from the physicochemical properties investigation revealed that the viscosity, acidity, and dielectric strength of the TCK oil were 20.29mm2s-1, 4.73mg KOH/g oil, and 30.61kV, suggesting the potential suitability of TCK oil as transformer oil. Analysis of the chemical composition of the TCK oil indicated that it is composed of 43.89% and 56.1% saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, respectively. The kinetics of the TCK oil extraction was better described by the pseudo second order model compared to hyperbolic and Elovich models. The δG, δS, and δH values of the TCK oil extraction process were -28.76kJ/mol, 0.643kJ/mol, and 182.81kJ/mol, respectively, indicating spontaneous, irreversible, and endothermic process. © 2015.	Kinetics; Solvent extraction; Terminalia catappa L.; Thermodynamics	Chemical analysis; Enzyme kinetics; Extraction; Fatty acids; Free energy; Hexane; Kinetics; Particle size; Solvent extraction; Solvents; Temperature; Thermodynamics; Unsaturated fatty acids; Chemical compositions; Dielectric strengths; Effects of temperature; Endothermic process; Kinetics and thermodynamics; Physicochemical property; Pseudo-second order model; Terminalia catappa L; Oil filled transformers; Terminalia catappa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-61449107995	What contributes to the enhanced use of customer, competition and technology knowledge for product innovation performance?. A survey of multinational industrial companies' subsidiaries operating in China	Zhang J., Hoenig S., Di Benedetto A., Lancioni R.A., Phatak A.	2009	Industrial Marketing Management	38	2	10.1016/j.indmarman.2008.12.007	Department of Marketing, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong; School of Economic and Business Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Marketing, Fox School of Business and Management, Temple University, 523 Alter Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States	Zhang, J., Department of Marketing, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong; Hoenig, S., School of Economic and Business Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Di Benedetto, A., Department of Marketing, Fox School of Business and Management, Temple University, 523 Alter Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States; Lancioni, R.A., Department of Marketing, Fox School of Business and Management, Temple University, 523 Alter Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States; Phatak, A., Department of Marketing, Fox School of Business and Management, Temple University, 523 Alter Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States	This study extends an emerging research area in knowledge management to new product development by empirically examining the factors associated with the use of different types of knowledge flows from various sources and product innovation performance (i.e., market success of new products) in the multinational companies' subsidiaries in China. The findings seem to indicate the vitality of considering a broad spectrum of knowledge management related variables such as a subsidiary's product development strategy, market conditions it faces, its knowledge capacity and knowledge support structure. Furthermore, we found that subsidiaries with better performance are generally excel in the use of competition knowledge flow, the development of moderate innovative products, communication among different functional departments or product development groups, the codification of knowledge, and a supportive culture. © 2008.	China; Knowledge flow; Knowledge management; Product innovation performance	None	None
WoS	WOS:000321168700005	Determining the effectiveness of three software evaluation techniques through informal aggregation	Juristo, Natalia,Olorisade, Babatunde Kazeem,Vegas, Sira	2013	INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY	55	9	10.1016/j.infsof.2013.02.015	Polytechnic University of Madrid, Fountain Univ	"Juristo, Natalia: Polytechnic University of Madrid","Vegas, Sira: Polytechnic University of Madrid",	Context: An accepted fact in software engineering is that software must undergo verification and validation process during development to ascertain and improve its quality level. But there are too many techniques than a single developer could master, yet, it is impossible to be certain that software is free of defects. So, it is crucial for developers to be able to choose from available evaluation techniques, the one most suitable and likely to yield optimum quality results for different products. Though, some knowledge is available on the strengths and weaknesses of the available software quality assurance techniques but not much is known yet on the relationship between different techniques and contextual behavior of the techniques. Objective: This research investigates the effectiveness of two testing techniques - equivalence class partitioning and decision coverage and one review technique - code review by abstraction, in terms of their fault detection capability. This will be used to strengthen the practical knowledge available on these techniques. Method: The results of eight experiments conducted over 5 years to investigate the effectiveness of three techniques - code reading by stepwise abstraction, equivalence class partitioning and decision (branch) coverage were aggregated using a less rigorous aggregation process proposed during the course of this work. Results: It was discovered that the equivalence class partitioning and the decision coverage techniques behaved similarly in terms of fault detection capacity (and type of faults caught) based on the programs and fault classification used in the experiments. They both behaved better than the code reading by stepwise abstraction technique. Conclusion: Overall, it can be deducted from the aggregation results that the equivalence class partitioning and the decision coverage techniques used are actually equally capable in terms of the type and number of faults detected. Nevertheless, more experiments is still required in this field so that this result can be verified using a rigorous aggregation technique. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	AGGREGATION,EXPERIMENTATION,"testing technique","Testing technique effectiveness",DETECT	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-71949084298	Evaluation of community intervention with pit latrines for trachoma control in Ghana, Mali, Niger and Nigeria	Rotondo L.A., Ngondi J., Rodgers A.F., King J.D., Kamissoko Y., Amadou A., Jip N., Cromwell E.A., Emerson P.M.	2009	International Health	1	2	10.1016/j.inhe.2009.08.001	The Carter Center, 1 Copenhill Avenue, Atlanta, GA 30307, United States; International Trachoma Initiative, Task Force for Global Health, 325 Swanton Way, Decatur, GA 30030, United States; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, United Kingdom; The Carter Center, Private Bag, Accra, Ghana; The Carter Center, Quartier du Fleuvre 228, Bamako, Mali; The Carter Center, Quartier Terminus, Niamey, Niger; The Carter Center, P.O. Box 772, Jos, Nigeria; University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States	Rotondo, L.A., The Carter Center, 1 Copenhill Avenue, Atlanta, GA 30307, United States, International Trachoma Initiative, Task Force for Global Health, 325 Swanton Way, Decatur, GA 30030, United States; Ngondi, J., The Carter Center, 1 Copenhill Avenue, Atlanta, GA 30307, United States, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Rodgers, A.F., The Carter Center, Private Bag, Accra, Ghana, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; King, J.D., The Carter Center, 1 Copenhill Avenue, Atlanta, GA 30307, United States; Kamissoko, Y., The Carter Center, Quartier du Fleuvre 228, Bamako, Mali; Amadou, A., The Carter Center, Quartier Terminus, Niamey, Niger; Jip, N., The Carter Center, P.O. Box 772, Jos, Nigeria; Cromwell, E.A., The Carter Center, 1 Copenhill Avenue, Atlanta, GA 30307, United States; Emerson, P.M., The Carter Center, 1 Copenhill Avenue, Atlanta, GA 30307, United States	Trachoma is the leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide and is controlled with an integrated strategy of treatment and prevention which includes latrine provision and promotion. We aimed to evaluate the latrine uptake, construction, and usage in villages participating in latrine promotion programmes supported by The Carter Center in Ghana, Mali, Niger and Nigeria where 113 457 new latrines have been reported from 2002 to 2008. In each country a two stage cluster random sampling design was used to select villages and households for evaluation. Household heads were interviewed using a standardised structured questionnaire and latrines were inspected. The sample included 1154 households (Ghana: 326; Mali: 293; Niger: 300; and Nigeria: 235). Overall, 813 (70.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 65.7-74.8) had pit latrines, ranging from 30.3% of households in Niger to over 92.0% of households in Ghana and Mali. Of those with latrines 762 (93.7%) were found to be usable and 659 (86.5%) were in use. Overall 659/1154 (57.1%) of households in the targeted communities were using latrines at least 12 months after latrine promotion was initiated. Latrine promotion had been successful increasing access to sanitation in different country contexts and demonstrates the target population are willing to construct, use and maintain household latrines. © 2009 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.	Household latrines; SAFE strategy; Sanitation coverage; Sanitation promotion; Trachoma; West Africa	Africa; article; blindness; Chlamydia trachomatis; community care; cost; disease carrier; disease transmission; endemic disease; environmental sanitation; feces; fly; Ghana; health program; health promotion; health survey; home environment; household; human; infection control; major clinical study; Mali; Niger; Nigeria; priority journal; rural health care; rural hygiene; sanitation; structured questionnaire; trachoma; vector control	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052452794	Effect of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine on neonatal birth weight and perceptions on its impact on malaria in pregnancy in an intermittent preventive treatment programme setting in Offinso District, Ghana	Tutu E.O., Browne E., Lawson B.	2011	International Health	3	3	10.1016/j.inhe.2011.04.002	Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Community Health, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Tutu, E.O., Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana, Department of Community Health, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Browne, E., Department of Community Health, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Lawson, B., Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	This study evaluated the effect of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) use in intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) on birth weights of neonates in a stable malaria transmission area of Ghana, Offinso District. Routine delivery data from six health facilities over the period January 2005 to October 2007 were reviewed. In-depth interviews were conducted for health staff of these facilities to assess the effect of SP use in IPTp in pregnancy. SP-IPTp improved the birth weight of neonates and the effects of age, parity, term of pregnancy and sex of neonate also had significant influence on the birth weight (P<0.0001). The variation in birth weight of the neonates, however, did not show significant difference (OR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.8-1.1, P ≥0.26) over the period and seasonal variations had no effect on birth weight (OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.7-1.1, P ≥0.18). Health personnel attested to the fact that SP-IPTp had reduced the burden of malaria cases in pregnancy and improved birth weight of neonates. This study, thus, shows that successful implementation of the SP-IPTp strategy will improve the birth weight of neonates, and consequently reduce neonatal mortality. © 2011 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.	Birth Weight; Intermittent preventive treatment; Malaria; Neonates; Pregnancy; Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine	pyrimethamine plus sulfadoxine; adult; age; article; birth weight; drug effect; female; gender; Ghana; health care facility; human; major clinical study; malaria; male; newborn; newborn mortality; pregnancy; priority journal; seasonal variation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855946764	Evaluation of household latrine coverage in Kewot woreda, Ethiopia, 3 years after implementing interventions to control blinding trachoma	Ross R.K., King J.D., Damte M., Ayalew F., Gebre T., Cromwell E.A., Teferi T., Emerson P.M.	2011	International Health	3	4	10.1016/j.inhe.2011.06.007	Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; The Carter Center, 1 Copenhill, Atlanta, GA 30307, United States; The Carter Center, P.O. Box 13373, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Ross, R.K., Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; King, J.D., The Carter Center, 1 Copenhill, Atlanta, GA 30307, United States; Damte, M., The Carter Center, P.O. Box 13373, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ayalew, F., The Carter Center, P.O. Box 13373, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Gebre, T., The Carter Center, P.O. Box 13373, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Cromwell, E.A., The Carter Center, 1 Copenhill, Atlanta, GA 30307, United States; Teferi, T., The Carter Center, P.O. Box 13373, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Emerson, P.M., The Carter Center, 1 Copenhill, Atlanta, GA 30307, United States	The SAFE strategy for trachoma control includes Surgery, Antibiotic distribution, Facial cleanliness and Environmental improvements, including promotion of latrine construction. In this study, household latrine coverage was estimated in order to evaluate SAFE implementation in a district of Ethiopia where reported coverage in rural areas was 97%. Characteristics of latrine adopters and non-adopters were explored. Interviews were conducted in 442 households selected at random in a multistage cluster sample. Overall, estimated household latrine coverage was 56.2% (95% CI 37.5-74.8%) and in rural areas coverage was 67.7% (95% CI 59.6-75.7%). Previously owning a latrine was reported by 12.7% (95% CI 8.9-16.5%) of respondents, of which 32.0% (95% CI 15.9-48.2%) had built a replacement. Latrine adopters were more likely to be male (P< 0.0001), to report their primary occupation as agriculture (P< 0.0001), have more than five residents in their household (P= 0.004) and live in a rural area (P< 0.0001). Respondents who were advised by a health extension worker (P< 0.0001) or development agent (P< 0.0001) were more likely to have built a latrine. Household latrine coverage has increased from the 2007 zonal estimate (8.9%), but was lower than that reported. Latrine promotion should include emphasis on rebuilding latrines. More support may be needed by small households as well as those with a female head if universal latrine access is to be achieved in Kewot. © 2011 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.	Ethiopia; Latrines; SAFE strategy; Sanitation coverage; Sanitation promotion; Trachoma	antibiotic agent; adult; agriculture; article; drug distribution; environmental sanitation; Ethiopia; eye surgery; female; health care personnel; health promotion; household; household latrine; human; hygiene; infection control; interview; male; priority journal; rural area; sanitation; sex ratio; trachoma	None
None	None	Monitoring lymphatic filariasis control in Tanzania: Effect of repeated mass drug administration on circulating filarial antigen prevalence in young schoolchildren	Simonsen P.E., Magesa S.M., Derua Y.A., Rwegoshora R.T., Malecela M.N., Pedersen E.M.	2011	International Health	3	3	10.1016/j.inhe.2011.06.009	DBL - Centre for Health Research and Development, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 57, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Medical Research Centre, P.O. Box 81, Muheza/Tanga, Tanzania; National Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 9653, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; RTI International, P.O. Box 6201, Kigali, Rwanda	Simonsen, P.E., DBL - Centre for Health Research and Development, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 57, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Magesa, S.M., National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Medical Research Centre, P.O. Box 81, Muheza/Tanga, Tanzania, RTI International, P.O. Box 6201, Kigali, Rwanda; Derua, Y.A., National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Medical Research Centre, P.O. Box 81, Muheza/Tanga, Tanzania; Rwegoshora, R.T., National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Medical Research Centre, P.O. Box 81, Muheza/Tanga, Tanzania; Malecela, M.N., National Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 9653, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Pedersen, E.M., DBL - Centre for Health Research and Development, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 57, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark	In most countries of Sub-Saharan Africa the control of lymphatic filariasis (LF) is based on annual mass drug administration (MDA) with a combination of ivermectin and albendazole, in order to interrupt transmission. We monitored the effect of four repeated MDAs with this combination, as implemented by the Tanzanian National Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination Programme (NLFEP), on the circulating filarial antigen (CFA) status of young schoolchildren. A new batch of Standard 1 pupils from 10 rural primary schools in Tanga Municipality were examined for CFA each year in September/October (691-848 children per survey; mean age of 7.5-8.1 years), from immediately before the first MDA until eight months after the fourth MDA. The overall pre-MDA prevalence of CFA was 25.2%. Only minor and non-significant change in prevalence was seen after the first two MDAs. However, this was followed by substantial and statistically significant decreases in subsequent surveys, and eight months after the fourth MDA the prevalence was only 6.4%. Continuous entomological surveillance in a village accommodating one of the schools showed progressive decrease in transmission right from the first MDA. The usefulness of screening young schoolchildren for CFA as a tool for monitoring the impact of MDA on LF transmission is discussed. © 2011 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.	Children; Circulating filarial antigens; Control monitoring; Lymphatic filariasis; Mass drug administration; Tanzania	albendazole; ivermectin; parasite antigen; article; child; female; human; lymphatic filariasis; major clinical study; male; parasite control; parasite transmission; priority journal; school child; Tanzania; treatment outcome	None
WoS	WOS:000309891600011	Evaluation of scaling-up should take into account financial access Comment on: Evaluating the scale-up for maternal and child survival: a common framework	Assefa, Yibeltal,Bermejo, Raoul,Hercot, David,Van Damme, Wim	2012	INTERNATIONAL HEALTH	4	1	10.1016/j.inhe.2011.11.002	Fed HIV AIDS Prevent & Control Off, Inst Trop Med	None	None	None	None	None
WoS	WOS:000313314600007	Impact of a customized peer-facilitators training program related to sexual health intervention	AbdulRahman, Hejar,AbuSamah, Bahaman,Awaisu, Ahmed,Ibrahim, Auwal,Rampal, Lekhraj,Saad, Abdulmumin,Sabitu, Kabiru	2012	INTERNATIONAL HEALTH	4	4	10.1016/j.inhe.2012.09.002	Ahmadu Bello University, Johns Hopkins University, Universiti Putra Malaysia, University of Qatar	"AbdulRahman, Hejar: Universiti Putra Malaysia","AbuSamah, Bahaman: Universiti Putra Malaysia","Awaisu, Ahmed: University of Qatar","Rampal, Lekhraj: Universiti Putra Malaysia","Saad, Abdulmumin: Johns Hopkins University","Sabitu, Kabiru: Ahmadu Bello University",	This study aimed to develop and implement a customized training program related to the delivery of an integrated human immunodeficiency virus - sexually transmitted infections (HIV-STI) risk reduction intervention for peer-facilitators and to evaluate its immediate outcome including changes in trainee knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported competence and confidence. We developed and delivered a structured training program and materials about HIV and STI prevention in a university setting. The training was offered to candidate facilitators who were planned to be involved in a larger project, known as Integrated HIV-STI Risk Reduction Program. Ten candidate facilitators participated in the training program and completed both the pretest and posttest survey questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 17.0 software package and Wilcoxon signed rank test was applied to assess the impact of the training program. Overall, the trainees' performance in HIV-related and STI knowledge, attitude and stigma scores had significantly increased compared to the baseline.. The median scores for HIV and STI knowledge after the training significantly increased from 22.0 to 30.5 (p=0.007) and 8.0 to 9.5 (p=0.005), respectively, whereas the median score on the positive attitude towards HIV and STI prevention rose from 39.0 to 57.0 (p=0.011). Upon completion of the program, 80-100% of the trainees believed that they were competent and confident in performing most of the designed sexual health intervention activities. This preliminary study suggests that a customized on-site training program on sexual health intervention could significantly improve their knowledge, attitude and practice related to HIV-STI prevention. (C) 2012 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	HIV/AIDS,NIGERIA,Peer-facilitators,STI,TRAINING,YOUTH,ADOLESCENTS,"AIDS-RELATED KNOWLEDGE",ATTITUDES,BEHAVIOR,EDUCATION,HIV/AIDS,"HIV PREVENTION",SCHOOL,SOUTH-AFRICA,TRANSMITTED-DISEASES	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875241328	Total body imaging evaluation after initial resuscitation in paediatric trauma	Tummers W.S.F.J., Isaacs S., van As A.B.	2013	Injury Extra	44	4	10.1016/j.injury.2012.12.031	Department of Trauma Paediatric Surgery, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa	Tummers, W.S.F.J., Department of Trauma Paediatric Surgery, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Isaacs, S., Department of Trauma Paediatric Surgery, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; van As, A.B., Department of Trauma Paediatric Surgery, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa	[No abstract available]	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883459818	Performance measures for dynamic multi-objective optimisation algorithms	Helbig M., Engelbrecht A.P.	2013	Information Sciences	250	None	10.1016/j.ins.2013.06.051	Meraka Institute, CSIR, Scientia, Meiring Naudé Road, 0184, Brummeria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Computer Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Helbig, M., Meraka Institute, CSIR, Scientia, Meiring Naudé Road, 0184, Brummeria, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Computer Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Engelbrecht, A.P., Department of Computer Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	When algorithms solve dynamic multi-objective optimisation problems (DMOOPs), performance measures are required to quantify the performance of the algorithm and to compare one algorithm's performance against that of other algorithms. However, for dynamic multi-objective optimisation (DMOO) there are no standard performance measures. This article provides an overview of the performance measures that have been used so far. In addition, issues with performance measures that are currently being used in the DMOO literature are highlighted. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Dynamic multi-objective optimization; erformance measure	Algorithm's performance; Dynamic multiobjective optimization; erformance measure; Performance measure; Standard performance; Multiobjective optimization; Algorithms	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84961292145	Heuristic space diversity control for improved meta-hyper-heuristic performance	Grobler J., Engelbrecht A.P., Kendall G., Yadavalli V.S.S.	2015	Information Sciences	300	1	10.1016/j.ins.2014.11.012	Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Computer Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom; University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Malaysia; Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Grobler, J., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Engelbrecht, A.P., Department of Computer Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Kendall, G., School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Malaysia; Yadavalli, V.S.S., Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	This paper expands on the concept of heuristic space diversity and investigates various strategies for the management of heuristic space diversity within the context of a meta-hyper-heuristic algorithm in search of greater performance benefits. Evaluation of various strategies on a diverse set of floating-point benchmark problems shows that heuristic space diversity has a significant impact on hyper-heuristic performance. An exponentially increasing strategy (EIHH) obtained the best results. The value of a priori information about constituent algorithm performance on the benchmark set in question was also evaluated. Finally, EIHH demonstrated good performance when compared to a popular population based algorithm portfolio algorithm and the best performing constituent algorithm. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Diversity management; Heuristic space diversity; Hyper-heuristics	Algorithms; Digital arithmetic; Heuristic algorithms; Heuristic methods; Algorithm performance; Bench-mark problems; Diversity managements; Hyper-heuristic algorithms; Hyper-heuristics; Performance benefits; Population-based algorithm; Space diversity; Benchmarking	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79957874200	Interpretation of a cross-cultural usability evaluation: A case study based on a hypermedia system for rare species management in Namibia	Paterson B., Winschiers-Theophilus H., Dunne T.T., Schinzel B., Underhill L.G.	2011	Interacting with Computers	23	3	10.1016/j.intcom.2011.03.002	Animal Demography Unit, Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; School of IT, Polytechnic of Namibia, Private Bag 13388, Windhoek, Namibia; Department of Statistical Science, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Abteilung Modellbildung und Soziale Folgen, Institut für Informatik und Gesellschaft, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Friedrichstr. 50, 79098 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Marine Research (Ma-Re) Institute and Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3 Rondebosch, 7701 Cape Town, South Africa	Paterson, B., Animal Demography Unit, Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa, Marine Research (Ma-Re) Institute and Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3 Rondebosch, 7701 Cape Town, South Africa; Winschiers-Theophilus, H., School of IT, Polytechnic of Namibia, Private Bag 13388, Windhoek, Namibia; Dunne, T.T., Department of Statistical Science, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Schinzel, B., Abteilung Modellbildung und Soziale Folgen, Institut für Informatik und Gesellschaft, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Friedrichstr. 50, 79098 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Underhill, L.G., Animal Demography Unit, Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	We present the results of a usability evaluation of a locally developed hypermedia information system aiming at conservation biologists and wildlife managers in Namibia. Developer and end user come from different ethnic backgrounds, as is common to software development in Namibia and many developing countries. To overcome both the cultural and the authoritarian gap between usability evaluator and user, the evaluation was held as a workshop with usability evaluators who shared the target users' ethnic and social backgrounds. Different data collection methods were used and results as well as specific incidences recorded. Results suggest that it is difficult for Namibian computer users to evaluate functionality independently from content. Users displayed evidence of a passive search strategy and an expectation that structure is provided rather than self generated. The comparison of data collection methods suggests that questionnaires are inappropriate in Namibia because they do not elicit a truthful response from participants who tend to provide answers they think are "expected". The paper concludes that usability goals and methods have to be determined and defined within the target users' cultural context. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Cross-cultural usability evaluation; Dialogical usability methods; International usability evaluation; Participation; Usability methods	Dialogical usability methods; International usability evaluation; Participation; Usability evaluation; Usability methods; Conservation; Data acquisition; Developing countries; Hypermedia systems; Information management; Software design; Surveys; Usability engineering	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927176457	Empirical assessment of e-learning on performance in principles of economics	Aljamal A., Cader H., Chiemeke C., Speece M.	2015	International Review of Economics Education	18	None	10.1016/j.iree.2015.02.002	Department of Economics, College of Business and Economics, American University of Kuwait, P.O. Box 3323, Safat, Kuwait; Monetary Policy Department, Central Bank of Nigeria, Central Business District, No. 33, Tafawa Belewa Way, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria; Depa	Aljamal, A., Department of Economics, College of Business and Economics, American University of Kuwait, P.O. Box 3323, Safat, Kuwait; Cader, H., Department of Economics, College of Business and Economics, American University of Kuwait, P.O. Box 3323, Safat, Kuwait; Chiemeke, C., Monetary Policy Department, Central Bank of Nigeria, Central Business District, No. 33, Tafawa Belewa Way, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria; Speece, M., Department of Marketing, College of Business and Economics, American University of Kuwait, P.O. Box 3323, Safat, Kuwait	Abstract This research assessed the effectiveness of online assignments in principles of macroeconomics classes. Students were divided into two groups where the first was required to submit online assignments (treatment) while the other was not (control). Standardized examinations were used as Pretest and Posttest to quantify the online assignments' impact on students' performance. Results showed no significant difference in performance between treatment and control groups. Furthermore, when looking closely at students' performance within the treatment group, results indicate that neither the use of online assignments, nor the degree or intensity of their use tends to have significant impact on students' performance. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	e-Learning; Economic education; Higher education; Online assignments	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34249277405	Multivariate economic performance assessment of an MPC controlled electric arc furnace	Wei D., Craig I.K., Bauer M.	2007	ISA Transactions	46	3	10.1016/j.isatra.2007.01.005	Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	Wei, D., Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Craig, I.K., Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Bauer, M., Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	Economic performance is very important to advanced process control projects investigating whether the investment of control technology is worthwhile. In this paper economic performance assessment of a simulated electric arc furnace is conducted. The dependence of controlled variables and the corresponding economic impact are highlighted. © 2007 ISA.	(Joint) performance function; Economic performance assessment; Electric arc furnace; Model predictive control; Scatter plot	Computer simulation; Economic analysis; Electric arcs; Investments; Model predictive control; Economic performance assessment; Performance functions; Scatter plots; Electric furnaces	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903143000	Evaluating the impact of red-edge band from Rapideye image for classifying insect defoliation levels	Adelabu S., Mutanga O., Adam E.	2014	ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing	95	None	10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2014.05.013	University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Geography Department, P/Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa; University of Witwatersrand Johannesburg, School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, Private Bag X3, Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa	Adelabu, S., University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Geography Department, P/Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa; Mutanga, O., University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Geography Department, P/Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa; Adam, E., University of Witwatersrand Johannesburg, School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, Private Bag X3, Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa	The prospect of regular assessments of insect defoliation using remote sensing technologies has increased in recent years through advances in the understanding of the spectral reflectance properties of vegetation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of the red edge channel of Rapideye imagery to discriminate different levels of insect defoliation in an African savanna by comparing the results of obtained from two classifiers. Random Forest and Support vector machine classification algorithms were applied using different sets of spectral analysis involving the red edge band. Results show that the integration of information from red edge increases classification accuracy of insect defoliation levels in all analysis performed in the study. For instance, when all the 5 bands of Rapideye imagery were used for classification, the overall accuracies increases about 19% and 21% for SVM and RF, respectively, as opposed to when the red edge channel was excluded. We also found out that the normalized difference red-edge index yielded a better accuracy result than normalized difference vegetation index. We conclude that the red-edge channel of relatively affordable and readily available high-resolution multispectral satellite data such as Rapideye has the potential to considerably improve insect defoliation classification especially in sub-Saharan Africa where data availability is limited. © 2014 International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Inc. (ISPRS).	NDVI; NDVI-RE; Random forest; Support vector machine	Decision trees; Spectrum analysis; Support vector machines; Classification accuracy; Multispectral satellite data; NDVI; NDVI-RE; Normalized difference vegetation index; Random forests; Remote sensing technology; Support vector machine classification; Classification (of information); accuracy assessment; algorithm; classification; defoliation; image analysis; NDVI; plant-insect interaction; remote sensing; satellite data; satellite imagery; savanna; spectral reflectance; Africa; Hexapoda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896722850	An evaluation of a new automated duplicate-sample Fischer Assay setup according to ISO/ASTM standards and analysis of the tar fraction	Roets L., Bunt J.R., Neomagus H.W.J.P., Van Niekerk D.	2014	Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis	106	None	10.1016/j.jaap.2014.01.016	Coal Research Group, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North West-University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd, Box 1, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa	Roets, L., Coal Research Group, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North West-University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Bunt, J.R., Coal Research Group, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North West-University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa, Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd, Box 1, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa; Neomagus, H.W.J.P., Coal Research Group, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North West-University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Van Niekerk, D., Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd, Box 1, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa	The ISO 647 standard describes a method for the pyrolysis of coal that quantitatively yields water, gas, tar and char, also known as a Fischer Assay. This method has several limitations i.e. The versatility of the method is limited by the thermal properties of aluminium (the retort material); the result is operator-dependent due to manual manipulation of the retort temperature using a gas generated flame. This study evaluates an alternative method (referred to as the automated Fischer Assay setup), which operates with a pre-programmed heating curve using two stainless steel retorts in an electrical oven. Comparison of the methods indicated a lower tar yield for the automated Fischer Assay method, whilst the water yield increased and the gas and char yields were within the same ranges. The automated Fischer Assay experiments were, however, more repeatable when compared to the standard ISO method. Simulated distillation (simdis) and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC-UV) analyses of the tar fractions found no significant differences between the tars from the two methods. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) found the tars of the automated Fischer Assay method to contain more alkyl-phenolic groups, with a decrease in the mixed compounds (compounds that exhibited both aromatic and aliphatic mass peaks in the mass spectra). It is concluded that the new method is more versatile with regard to the operating temperature control and the pre-programmed heat curve. Additionally, it provides an alternative means to generate a Fischer Assay that is not limited by the thermal properties of the retort material. It is noted, that the goal of the study was not to propose a replacement to the current ISO 647 Fischer Assay method, but to establish an automated system that can be used in pyrolysis research (qualitative and quantitative studies). Results showed that this method is adequate for qualitative and quantitative pyrolysis research and can be used as an alternative, less-biased method for ISO 647. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Coal tar; Fischer Assay; Fischer tar; GC/MS; ISO 647; Pyrolysis	Automated systems; Gas chromatography-mass spectrometries (GC-MS); GC/MS; ISO 647; Operating temperature; Quantitative pyrolysis; Quantitative study; Simulated distillation; Coal tar; Distillation; Gas chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Pyrolysis; Size exclusion chromatography; Thermodynamic properties; Automation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951631125	Prospective Evaluation of the Prognostic Implications of Improved Assay Performance With a Sensitive Assay for Cardiac Troponin I	Bonaca M., Scirica B., Sabatine M., Dalby A., Spinar J., Murphy S.A., Jarolim P., Braunwald E., Morrow D.A.	2010	Journal of the American College of Cardiology	55	19	10.1016/j.jacc.2010.01.044	TIMI Study Group, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; South African Cardiology Clinical Trials Group, Johannesburg, South Africa; University Hospital St. Ann, Pekarska, Czech Republic	Bonaca, M., TIMI Study Group, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Scirica, B., TIMI Study Group, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Sabatine, M., TIMI Study Group, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Dalby, A., South African Cardiology Clinical Trials Group, Johannesburg, South Africa; Spinar, J., University Hospital St. Ann, Pekarska, Czech Republic; Murphy, S.A., TIMI Study Group, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Jarolim, P., Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Braunwald, E., TIMI Study Group, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Morrow, D.A., TIMI Study Group, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States	Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic implications of low-level increases in cardiac troponin I (cTnI) using a current-generation sensitive assay in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Background: Recent enhancements in troponin assays have enabled resolution of the 99th percentile reference limit at progressively lower concentrations. However, the clinical significance of low-level increases with sensitive assays is still debated. Methods: We measured cTnI using a sensitive assay (TnI-Ultra, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Deerfield, Illinois) at baseline in 4,513 patients with non-ST-segment elevation ACS randomly assigned to ranolazine or placebo. We applied decision limits at the 99th percentile reference limit (0.04 μg/l), the cut point of the predecessor assay (0.1 μg/l), and 1 equivalent to elevation of creatine kinase-myocardial band (1.5 ng/ml). Results: Patients with baseline cTnI ≥0.04 μg/l (n = 2,924) were at higher risk of death/myocardial infarction (MI) at 30 days than were patients with a negative cTnI (6.1% vs. 2.0%, p < 0.001). After adjusting for the TIMI (Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction) risk score, cTnI ≥0.04 μg/l was associated with a 3-fold (95% confidence interval: 2.0 to 4.4, p < 0.001) higher risk of death/MI at 30 days. Moreover, patients with low-level increases (0.04 μg/l to <0.1 μg/l), were at significantly higher risk of death/MI at 30 days (5.0% vs. 2.0%, p = 0.001) and death at 12 months (6.4% vs. 2.4%, p = 0.005) than were patients with cTnI <0.04 μg/l. Conclusions: Low-level increases in cTnI using a sensitive assay identify patients at higher risk of death or MI. These findings support current American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association recommendations defining MI, and the incremental value of newer, more sensitive assays in identifying high-risk patients with ACS. © 2010 American College of Cardiology Foundation.	ACS; acute coronary syndrome; prognosis; sensitive; troponin	creatine kinase MB; fibrinogen receptor antagonist; placebo; ranolazine; thienopyridine derivative; troponin I; acute coronary syndrome; adult; adverse outcome; aged; article; controlled study; female; heart infarction; high risk patient; human; major clinical study; male; mortality; priority journal; prognosis; sensitivity and specificity; Acetanilides; Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Biological Markers; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Piperazines; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Troponin I	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880078317	Impact of genetics on the clinical management of channelopathies	Schwartz P.J., Ackerman M.J., George Jr. A.L., Wilde A.A.M.	2013	Journal of the American College of Cardiology	62	3	10.1016/j.jacc.2013.04.044	Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, C/o Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, V.le Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Department of Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Institute for Integrative Genomics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Cardiology, Heart Failure Research Centre, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Princess Al Jawhara Albrahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia	Schwartz, P.J., Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, C/o Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, V.le Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Department of Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa, Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Ackerman, M.J., Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; George Jr., A.L., Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States, Institute for Integrative Genomics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Wilde, A.A.M., Department of Cardiology, Heart Failure Research Centre, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Princess Al Jawhara Albrahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia	There are few areas in cardiology in which the impact of genetics and genetic testing on clinical management has been as great as in cardiac channelopathies, arrhythmic disorders of genetic origin related to the ionic control of the cardiac action potential. Among the growing number of diseases identified as channelopathies, 3 are sufficiently prevalent to represent significant clinical and societal problems and to warrant adequate understanding by practicing cardiologists: long QT syndrome, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, and Brugada syndrome. This review will focus selectively on the impact of genetic discoveries on clinical management of these 3 diseases. For each disorder, we will discuss to what extent genetic knowledge and clinical genetic test results modify the way cardiologists should approach and manage affected patients. We will also address the optimal use of genetic testing, including its potential limitations and the potential medico-legal implications when such testing is not performed. We will highlight how important it is to understand the ways that genotype can affect clinical manifestations, risk stratification, and responses to the therapy. We will also illustrate the close bridge between molecular biology and clinical medicine, and will emphasize that consideration of the genetic basis for these heritable arrhythmia syndromes and the proper use and interpretation of clinical genetic testing should remain the standard of care. © 2013 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.	channelopathies; gene-specific management; genetic testing; heart rhythm disorder; sudden death	beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent; mexiletine; article; Brugada syndrome; cardiac channelopathy; catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia; CAV3 gene; clinical feature; DNA sequence; electrocardiography; exercise test; gene; gene identification; gene mutation; genetic association; genetic screening; genotype; genotype phenotype correlation; heart repolarization; heart ventricle fibrillation; heterozygosity; homozygosity; human; KCNH2 gene; KCNQ1 gene; long QT syndrome; LQT10 gene; LQT12 gene; LQT9 gene; missense mutation; pathogenesis; priority journal; SCN4B gene; SCN5A gene; sex difference; signal transduction; single nucleotide polymorphism; SNTA1 gene; torsade des pointes; Animals; Channelopathies; Disease Management; Genetic Testing; Genotype; Humans; Long QT Syndrome	HL068880, NIH, National Institutes of Health; HL083374, NIH, National Institutes of Health
Scopus	2-s2.0-40949137714	Impact of postnatal depression on infants' growth in Nigeria	Adewuya A.O., Ola B.O., Aloba O.O., Mapayi B.M., Okeniyi J.A.O.	2008	Journal of Affective Disorders	108	02-Jan	10.1016/j.jad.2007.09.013	Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Nigeria; Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex. Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences. O	Adewuya, A.O., Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Nigeria; Ola, B.O., Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex. Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Aloba, O.O., Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex. Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Mapayi, B.M., Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex. Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Okeniyi, J.A.O., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences. Obafemi Awolowo University. Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Background: The contribution of maternal postnatal depression to infant growth and under-nutrition in Africa has not been well studied. This study aims to examine the impact of postnatal depression (PND) on infants' physical growth in the first 9 months of life in Nigeria. Methods: A longitudinal case controlled study in which 242 women (consisting of 120 depressed and 122 matched non-depressed postpartum women) had their infants' weight and length measured at the 6th week, 3rd month, 6th month and 9th month after delivery. Discontinuation with breastfeeding and illnesses like diarrhoea, persistent vomiting, fever and cough were also recorded at these periods. Results: Infants of depressed mothers had statistically significant poorer growth than infants of non-depressed mothers at the 3rd month (weight OR 3.41, 95% CI 1.30-8.52; length OR 3.28, 95% CI 1.03-10.47) and the 6th month postpartum (weight OR 4.21, 95% CI 1.36-13.20; length OR 3.34, 95% CI 1.18-9.52). Depressed mothers were more likely to stop breastfeeding earlier and their infants more likely to have episodes of diarrhoea and other infectious illnesses. Limitations: Psychiatric interview was conducted only once (at 6 weeks postpartum), our sample size was moderate and we did not account for mothers who had been depressed in pregnancy. Conclusion: Prevention of postnatal depression and close monitoring of the growth of infants of depressed mothers should be integrated into maternal and child health policies in this region. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Breastfeeding; Cross-cultural; Infants' growth; Postnatal depression	article; body weight; breast feeding education; child growth; coughing; diarrhea; disease association; female; fever; human; interview; major clinical study; Nigeria; patient monitoring; priority journal; psychologic test; puerperal depression; vomiting; Adult; Body Height; Body Weight; Breast Feeding; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Depression, Postpartum; Developing Countries; Diarrhea, Infantile; Failure to Thrive; Female; Health Surveys; History, Ancient; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Nigeria; Risk Factors	None
WoS	WOS:000301996000017	Impact of perinatal somatic and common mental disorder symptoms on functioning in Ethiopian women: The P-MaMiE population-based cohort study	Alem, Atalay,Araya, Mesfin,Dewey, Michael,Hanlon, Charlotte,Medhin, Girmay,Prince, Martin,Senturk, Vesile,Stewart, Robert	2012	JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS	136	3	10.1016/j.jad.2011.11.028	Addis Ababa University, Ankara University, Kings College London, University of London	"Alem, Atalay: Addis Ababa University","Araya, Mesfin: Addis Ababa University","Dewey, Michael: Kings College London","Dewey, Michael: University of London","Medhin, Girmay: Addis Ababa University","Prince, Martin: Kings College London","Prince, Martin: University of London","Stewart, Robert: Kings College London","Stewart, Robert: University of London",	Background: Little is known of the relationship between perinatal somatic and common mental disorder (CMD) symptoms and impaired functioning in women from settings where the burden of undernutrition and infectious disease morbidity is high. Methods: A population-based sample of 1065 women from Butajira, Ethiopia, was recruited in pregnancy (86.4% of those eligible) and reassessed two months postnatal (954 with singleton, live infants). At both time-points, women were administered a modified version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (locally-validated) to assess somatic and CMD symptoms, respectively. Negative binomial regression was used to investigate associations of CMD and somatic symptoms with functional impairment (World Health Organisation Disability Assessment Scale, version-II), after adjusting for maternal anthropometric measures, physical ill-health and sociodemographic factors. Results: In pregnancy, somatic and CMD symptoms were independently associated with worse maternal functional impairment after adjustment for confounders (WHODAS-II score multiplied by 1.09 (95%CI 1.06, 1.13) and 1.11 (95%CI 1.08, 1.14) respectively for each additional symptom). In the postnatal period, the size of association between somatic symptoms and functional impairment was diminished, but the association with CMD symptoms was virtually unchanged (multiplier value 1.04 (95%CI 1.00, 1.09) and 1.11 (95%CI 1.07, 1.16) respectively). Limitations: Use of largely self-report measures. Conclusions: Somatic and CMD symptoms were independently associated with functional impairment in both pregnancy and the postnatal period, with CMD symptoms showing a stronger and more consistent association. This emphasises the public health relevance of both CMD and somatic symptoms in the perinatal period. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	DEPRESSION,DISABILITY,POSTNATAL,PREGNANCY,"SOMATIC SYMPTOMS","SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA",CHILDBIRTH,COMPLAINTS,"GENERAL HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRE",GOA,INDIA,"MATERNAL DEPRESSION",POSTNATAL-DEPRESSION-SCALE,POSTPARTUM,RISK-FACTORS,VALIDATION	None	None
WoS	WOS:000304490600006	A longitudinal evaluation of religiosity and psychosocial determinants of suicidal behaviors among a population-based sample in the United States	Agbanu, Harry L. K.,Agbanu, Samuel Kwami,Diedhiou, Abdoulaye,Nkansah-Amankra, Stephen,Opoku-Adomako, Nana Serwaa,Twumasi-Ankrah, Philip	2012	JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS	139	1	10.1016/j.jad.2011.12.027	Central Michigan University, University of Ghana, University of Kansas, University of Kansas Medical Center, University of South Carolina, University of South Carolina Columbia, University of South Carolina System, IntraHlth Int, Somerset Christian Coll	"Agbanu, Harry L. K.: University of Ghana","Nkansah-Amankra, Stephen: Central Michigan University","Opoku-Adomako, Nana Serwaa: Central Michigan University","Twumasi-Ankrah, Philip: University of Kansas","Twumasi-Ankrah, Philip: University of Kansas Medical Center",	Background: Relationships among religiosity and other psychosocial factors in determining suicidal behaviors in adolescence and in emerging adulthood have been inconclusive. We sought to investigate prospective relationships among religiosity, psychosocial factors and suicidal behaviors using a nationally representative sample of adolescents emerging into adulthood. Method: Analysis was based on 9412 respondents from four waves of National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. A Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) procedure was used to fit a series of models on the response variable (suicidal behaviors) and a set of psychosocial and religiosity predictors taking into account the correlated structure of the datasets. Results: Analyses showed that adolescent suicidality and religious activity participation showed significant declines over time. Using multinomial logistic regression we found that females showed statistically significant risks of suicidal behaviors, but this effect declined in adulthood. In adjusted models, baseline attendance of a church weekly was associated with 42% reduction (95% Confidence Interval: 0.35-0.98) of suicide ideation in Wave III. Across all waves, low support from fathers (compared with mothers) consistently explained variability in suicidal behaviors among genders emerging into adulthood. Limitations: Accurate measurement of religiosity is psychometrically challenging. Conclusions: The findings of the study indicate that religious activity participation is associated with reduced suicidal behaviors among adolescents but this effect declines during emerging adulthood. Psychosocial supports particularly from fathers' have an enduring impact on reduced suicidal behaviors among adolescents and emerging adults. Prevention, identification and evaluation of disorders of suicidality need a careful assessment of underlying mental pain (psyache) to reduce the likelihood of aggravated suicide. Published by Elsevier B.V.	"Private religiosity","Public religiosity",SPIRITUALITY,"SUICIDAL BEHAVIORS","AMERICAN ADOLESCENTS",DEPRESSION,DEVELOPMENTAL-TRENDS,GENDER-DIFFERENCES,INVOLVEMENT,MENTAL-HEALTH,"OLDER DUTCH CITIZENS",SELF-ESTEEM,SPIRITUALITY,"YOUNG ADULTHOOD"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888644629	The impact of group counseling on depression, post-traumatic stress and function outcomes: A prospective comparison study in the Peter C. Alderman trauma clinics in northern Uganda	Nakimuli-Mpungu E., Okello J., Kinyanda E., Alderman S., Nakku J., Alderman J.S., Pavia A., Adaku A., Allden K., Musisi S.	2013	Journal of Affective Disorders	151	1	10.1016/j.jad.2013.05.055	Makerere University College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Butabika National Referral Mental Hospital, Kampala, Uganda; Peter C. Alderman Foundation, Bedford, NY, United States; Gulu University, Department of Psychiatry, Gulu, Uganda; Medical Research Council, Entebbe, Uganda; Arua Regional Referral Hospitals, Arua, Uganda; University, Geisel School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, NH, United States	Nakimuli-Mpungu, E., Makerere University College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda, Butabika National Referral Mental Hospital, Kampala, Uganda, Peter C. Alderman Foundation, Bedford, NY, United States; Okello, J., Peter C. Alderman Foundation, Bedford, NY, United States, Gulu University, Department of Psychiatry, Gulu, Uganda; Kinyanda, E., Makerere University College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda, Peter C. Alderman Foundation, Bedford, NY, United States, Medical Research Council, Entebbe, Uganda; Alderman, S., Peter C. Alderman Foundation, Bedford, NY, United States; Nakku, J., Makerere University College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda, Butabika National Referral Mental Hospital, Kampala, Uganda, Peter C. Alderman Foundation, Bedford, NY, United States; Alderman, J.S., Peter C. Alderman Foundation, Bedford, NY, United States; Pavia, A., Peter C. Alderman Foundation, Bedford, NY, United States; Adaku, A., Peter C. Alderman Foundation, Bedford, NY, United States, Arua Regional Referral Hospitals, Arua, Uganda; Allden, K., Peter C. Alderman Foundation, Bedford, NY, United States, University, Geisel School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, NH, United States; Musisi, S., Makerere University College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda, Butabika National Referral Mental Hospital, Kampala, Uganda, Peter C. Alderman Foundation, Bedford, NY, United States	Background: The effectiveness of group interventions for adults with mental distress in post-conflict settings is less clear in sub-Saharan Africa. Aim: To assess the impact of group counseling intervention on depression, post-traumatic stress and function outcomes among adults attending the Peter C. Alderman Foundation (PCAF) trauma clinics in northern Uganda. Methods: 631 War affected adults were enrolled into PCAF trauma clinics. Using a quasi-experimental design, assessments were conducted at baseline, at 3 and 6 months following initiation of care. Multivariate longitudinal regression models were used to determine change in depression, post- traumatic stress and function scores over time among group counseling participants and non- participants. Results: In comparison to non-participants, participants had faster reduction in depression scores during the 6-month follow-up period l/3=-184, 95%CI (-338 to -030), p=°°I91 and faster reduction in post- traumatic stress scores during the 3-month follow-up period 1/3= -214. 95%CI (-421 to -010). p=°°421. At 3-month follow up, participants who attended two or more sessions had faster increase in function scores 1/3=351, 95%CI (061-640), p=°°181 than participants who attended only one session. Limitations: Selection bias due to the use of non-random samples. Substantial attrition rates and small sample sizes may have resulted in insufficient statistical power to determine meaningful differences. Conclusion: The group counseling intervention offered in the PCAF clinics may have considerable mental health benefits over time. There is need for more research to structure, standardize and test the efficacy of this intervention using a randomized controlled trial. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Depression; Function; Group counseling; Northern Uganda; Post-traumatic stress; War trauma	anticonvulsive agent; antidepressant agent; benzodiazepine derivative; neuroleptic agent; psychotropic agent; adult; article; coping behavior; counseling; depression; employment status; family counseling; female; follow up; human; major clinical study; male; medication compliance; mental health; posttraumatic stress disorder; priority journal; professional practice; prospective study; psychoeducation; psychopharmacotherapy; relaxation training; sexual violence; spiritual healing; Depression; Function; Group counseling; Northern Uganda; Post-traumatic stress; War trauma; Adult; Counseling; Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Prospective Studies; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychotherapy, Group; Questionnaires; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Treatment Outcome; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84889092904	The impact of childhood adversity on suicidality and clinical course in treatment-resistant depression	Tunnard C., Rane L.J., Wooderson S.C., Markopoulou K., Poon L., Fekadu A., Juruena M., Cleare A.J.	2014	Journal of Affective Disorders	None	1	10.1016/j.jad.2013.06.037	Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Neurobiology of Mood Disorders, 103 Denmark Hill, Box P074, London SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom; National Affective Disorder Unit, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil	Tunnard, C., Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Neurobiology of Mood Disorders, 103 Denmark Hill, Box P074, London SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom, National Affective Disorder Unit, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Rane, L.J., Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Neurobiology of Mood Disorders, 103 Denmark Hill, Box P074, London SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom, National Affective Disorder Unit, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Wooderson, S.C., Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Neurobiology of Mood Disorders, 103 Denmark Hill, Box P074, London SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom, National Affective Disorder Unit, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Markopoulou, K., Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Neurobiology of Mood Disorders, 103 Denmark Hill, Box P074, London SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom, National Affective Disorder Unit, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Poon, L., National Affective Disorder Unit, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Fekadu, A., Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Neurobiology of Mood Disorders, 103 Denmark Hill, Box P074, London SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; Juruena, M., Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Neurobiology of Mood Disorders, 103 Denmark Hill, Box P074, London SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom, Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil; Cleare, A.J., Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Neurobiology of Mood Disorders, 103 Denmark Hill, Box P074, London SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom, National Affective Disorder Unit, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom	Background Childhood adversity is a risk factor for the development of depression and can also affect clinical course. We investigated this specifically in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Methods One hundred and thirty-seven patients with TRD previously admitted to an inpatient affective disorders unit were included. Clinical, demographic and childhood adversity (physical, sexual, emotional abuse; bullying victimization, traumatic events) data were obtained during admission. Associations between childhood adversity, depressive symptoms and clinical course were investigated. Results Most patients had experienced childhood adversity (62%), with traumatic events (35%) and bullying victimization (29%) most commonly reported. Childhood adversity was associated with poorer clinical course, including earlier age of onset, episode persistence and recurrence. Logistic regression analyses revealed childhood adversity predicted lifetime suicide attempts (OR 2.79; 95% CI 1.14, 6.84) and childhood physical abuse predicted lifetime psychosis (OR 3.42; 95% CI 1.00, 11.70). Limitations The cross-sectional design and retrospective measurement of childhood adversity are limitations of the study. Conclusions Childhood adversity was common amongst these TRD patients and was associated with poor clinical course, psychosis and suicide attempts. Routine assessment of early adversity may help identify at risk individuals and inform clinical intervention. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Abuse; Childhood adversity; Childhood trauma; Early life stress; Refractory depression; Suicide; Treatment-resistant depression	anxiolytic agent; hypnotic agent; mood stabilizer; neuroleptic agent; adult; article; bipolar disorder; bullying; child abuse; child sexual abuse; childhood injury; depression; disease course; early life stress; emotional abuse; female; human; logistic regression analysis; major clinical study; major depression; male; onset age; priority journal; psychosis; recurrent disease; suicidal behavior; suicide attempt; symptom; victim; cross-sectional study; Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant; life event; middle aged; psychologic test; psychological rating scale; psychology; risk factor; severity of illness index; treatment outcome; Adult Survivors of Child Abuse; Age of Onset; Bullying; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant; Female; Humans; Interview, Psychological; Life Change Events; Male; Middle Aged; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Suicide, Attempted; Treatment Outcome	NIHR, National Institute for Health Research
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927636415	The impact of attachment and depression symptoms on multiple risk behaviors in post-war adolescents in northern Uganda	Okello J., Nakimuli-Mpungu E., Klasen F., Voss C., Musisi S., Broekaert E., Derluyn I.	2015	Journal of Affective Disorders	180	None	10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.052	Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Uganda; Gulu University, Department of Psychiatry, Gulu, Uganda; Department of Orthopedagogics, Ghent University, Belgium; Department of Social Welfare Studies, Centre for Children in Vulnerable Situations, Ghent University, Belgium; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Centre of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany	Okello, J., Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Uganda, Gulu University, Department of Psychiatry, Gulu, Uganda; Nakimuli-Mpungu, E., Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Uganda; Klasen, F., Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Centre of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Voss, C., Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Centre of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Musisi, S., Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Uganda; Broekaert, E., Department of Orthopedagogics, Ghent University, Belgium; Derluyn, I., Department of Social Welfare Studies, Centre for Children in Vulnerable Situations, Ghent University, Belgium	Background We have previously shown that depression symptoms are associated with multiple risk behaviors and that parental attachments are protective against depression symptoms in post-war adolescents. Accumulating literature indicates that low levels of attachment may sensitize individuals to increased multiple risk behaviors when depression symptoms exist. This investigation examined the interactive effects of attachment and depression symptoms on multiple risk behavior. Methods We conducted hierarchical logistic regression analyses to examine the impact of attachment and depression symptoms on multiple risk behavior in our post-war sample of 551 adolescents in Gulu district. Results Analyses revealed interactive effects for only maternal attachment-by-depression interaction. Interestingly, high levels of maternal attachment exacerbated the relationship between depression symptoms and multiple risk behaviors while low levels of maternal attachment attenuated this relationship. Limitations It is possible that this analysis could be biased by a common underlying factor that influences self-reporting and therefore is correlated with each of self-reported attachment security, depressive symptoms, and multiple risk behaviors. Conclusions These findings suggest that maternal attachment serves as a protective factor at low levels while serving as an additional risk factor at high levels. Findings support and expand current knowledge about the roles that attachment and depression symptoms play in the development of multiple risk behaviors and suggest a more complex etiology for post-war adolescents. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Adolescents; Attachment; Depression; Risk behavior; War	adolescent; adult; aggression; Article; boy; child psychiatry; controlled study; depression; emotional attachment; female; girl; high risk behavior; human; major clinical study; male; priority journal; sex difference; sexual behavior; social interaction; Uganda; war; adolescent behavior; depression; high risk behavior; object relation; parent; psychology; risk factor; self report; war; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Object Attachment; Parents; Risk Factors; Risk-Taking; Self Report; Uganda; War	None
None	None	Impact of the MEMA Kwa Vijana adolescent sexual and reproductive health interventions on use of health services by young people in rural Mwanza, Tanzania: Results of a cluster randomized trial	Larke N., Cleophas-Mazige B., Plummer M.L., Obasi A.I.N., Rwakatare M., Todd J., Changalucha J., Weiss H.A., Hayes R.J., Ross D.A.	2010	Journal of Adolescent Health	47	5	10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.03.020	Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF), Mwanza, Tanzania; National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Mwanza Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania; Clinical Research Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), Liverpool, United Kingdom	Larke, N., Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Cleophas-Mazige, B., African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF), Mwanza, Tanzania; Plummer, M.L., Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom, African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF), Mwanza, Tanzania, National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Mwanza Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania; Obasi, A.I.N., Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom, African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF), Mwanza, Tanzania, Clinical Research Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), Liverpool, United Kingdom; Rwakatare, M., African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF), Mwanza, Tanzania; Todd, J., Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom, African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF), Mwanza, Tanzania, National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Mwanza Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania; Changalucha, J., National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Mwanza Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania; Weiss, H.A., Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Hayes, R.J., Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Ross, D.A., Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom, African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF), Mwanza, Tanzania, National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Mwanza Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania	Purpose: To assess the impact of an adolescent sexual health intervention on the use of health services by young people in Tanzania. Methods: Twenty communities, including 39 health facilities, were randomly allocated to the intervention or comparison arm. Health workers from the intervention arm were trained in the provision of youth-friendly health services, as part of a package of interventions. Independent process evaluations were conducted in health facilities, and simulated patients visited clinics using sexual and reproductive health problem scenarios. The impact on health facility attendances were assessed in 1998 (baseline) and 1999-2001. Reported sexually transmitted infection (STI) symptoms and use of health services were evaluated in young people in the trial cohort. Results: The mean monthly attendance for STI symptoms per health facility, per month was .5 for young males and 1.0 for young females at baseline. Attendance by young males was greater in the intervention communities in 1999-2000 after adjustment for baseline differences (p = .005), and this difference increased over time (p-trend = .022). The mean difference in attendance was however relatively modest, at 1.1 per month in 2001 after adjustment for baseline (95% CI: .5, 1.7). There was weaker evidence of an intervention effect on attendance by young women (p = .087). Few condoms were distributed, although a greater number were distributed in intervention facilities (p = .008). Generally, intervention health workers tended to be less judgmental and provided more comprehensive information. Conclusions: Training staff to provide more youth-friendly health services can increase the utilization of health services for suspected STIs by young people, especially among young men. © 2010 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. All rights reserved.	Adolescent; Community randomized trial; Reproductive health services; Sexually transmitted diseases	article; condom; health care facility; health care personnel; health service; human; medical practice; priority journal; reproductive health; rural population; sexual health; sexually transmitted disease; Tanzania; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Adult; Female; Health Promotion; Humans; Male; Reproductive Health Services; Reproductive Medicine; Rural Population; Sexual Behavior; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Tanzania; Young Adult	None
WoS	WOS:000285629200014	Scaling up Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Interventions Through Existing Government Systems? A Detailed Process Evaluation of a School-Based Intervention in Mwanza Region in the Northwest of Tanzania	Andrew, Bahati,Changalucha, John,Kimaryo, Michael,Kishamawe, Coleman,Medard, Lemmy,Obasi, Angela,Renju, Jenny R.	2011	JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH	48	1	10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.05.007	University of Liverpool	"Obasi, Angela: University of Liverpool",	Purpose: There is little evidence from the developing world of the effect of scale-up on model adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) programmes. In this article, we document the effect of scaling up a school-based intervention (MEMA kwa Vijana) from 62 to 649 schools on the coverage and quality of implementation. Methods: Observations of 1,111 students' exercise books, 11 ASRH sessions, and 19 peer-assistant role plays were supplemented with interviews with 47 ASRH-trained teachers, to assess the coverage and quality of ASRH sessions in schools. Results: Despite various modifications, the 10-fold scale-up achieved high coverage. A total of 89% (989) of exercise books contained some MEMA kwa Vijana 2 notes. Teachers were enthusiastic and interacted well with students. Students enjoyed the sessions and scripted role plays strengthened participation. Coverage of the biological topics was higher than the psycho-social sessions. The scale-up was facilitated by the structured nature of the intervention and the examined status of some topics. However, delays in the training, teacher turnover, and a lack of incentive for teaching additional activities were barriers to implementation. Conclusions: High coverage of participatory school-based reproductive health interventions can be maintained during scale-up. However, this is likely to be associated with significant changes in programme content and delivery. A greater emphasis should be placed on improving teachers' capacity to teach more complex-skills-related activities. Future intervention scale-up should also include an increased level of supervision and may be strengthened by underpinning from national level directives and inclusion of behavioral topics in national examinations. (C) 2011 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. All rights reserved.	ADOLESCENTS,"scaling up","school based interventions","sexual and reproductive health",COMMUNITY-RANDOMIZED-TRIAL,DESIGN,IMPACT,IMPLEMENTATION,KENYA,NEEDS,PROGRAM,QUALITY,"RURAL TANZANIA"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000345396200009	Prevalence and Health Impact of Intimate Partner Violence and Non-partner Sexual Violence Among Female Adolescents Aged 15-19 Years in Vulnerable Urban Environments: A Multi-Country Study	Acharya, Rajib,Brahmbhatt, Heena,Cheng, Yan,Covarrubias, Laura,Decker, Michele R.,Delany-Moretlwe, Sinead,Gao, Ersheng,Ojengbede, Oladosu,Olumide, Adesola,Peitzmeier, Sarah	2014	JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH	55	6	10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.08.022	Johns Hopkins University, University of Ibadan, University of Witwatersrand, Shanghai Inst Planned Parenthood Res	"Brahmbhatt, Heena: Johns Hopkins University","Covarrubias, Laura: Johns Hopkins University","Decker, Michele R.: Johns Hopkins University","Delany-Moretlwe, Sinead: University of Witwatersrand","Ojengbede, Oladosu: University of Ibadan","Olumide, Adesola: University of Ibadan","Peitzmeier, Sarah: Johns Hopkins University",	Purpose: Globally, adolescent women are at risk for gender-based violence (GBV) including sexual violence and intimate partner violence (IPV). Those in economically distressed settings are considered uniquely vulnerable. Methods: Female adolescents aged 15-19 from Baltimore, Maryland, USA; New Delhi, India; Ibadan, Nigeria; Johannesburg, South Africa; and Shanghai, China (n = 1,112) were recruited via respondent-driven sampling to participate in a cross-sectional survey. We describe the prevalence of past-year physical and sexual IPV, and lifetime and past-year non-partner sexual violence. Logistic regression models evaluated associations of GBV with substance use, sexual and reproductive health, mental health, and self-rated health. Results: Among ever-partnered women, past-year IPV prevalence ranged from 10.2% in Shanghai to 36.6% in Johannesburg. Lifetime non-partner sexual violence ranged from 1.2% in Shanghai to 12.6% in Johannesburg. Where sufficient cases allowed additional analyses (Baltimore and Johannesburg), both IPV and non-partner sexual violence were associated with poor health across domains of substance use, sexual and reproductive health, mental health, and self-rated health; associations varied across study sites. Conclusions: Significant heterogeneity was observed in the prevalence of IPV and non-partner sexual violence among adolescent women in economically distressed urban settings, with upwards of 25% of ever-partnered women experiencing past-year IPV in Baltimore, Ibadan, and Johannesburg, and more than 10% of adolescent women in Baltimore and Johannesburg reporting non-partner sexual violence. Findings affirm the negative health influence of GBV even in disadvantaged urban settings that present a range of competing health threats. A multisectoral response is needed to prevent GBV against young women, mitigate its health impact, and hold perpetrators accountable. (C) 2014 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. All rights reserved.	ADOLESCENT,"intimate partner violence","sexual violence","1ST INTERCOURSE","DATING VIOLENCE","DOMESTIC VIOLENCE","GLOBAL PREVALENCE","HIV PREVENTION","REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH",SOUTH-AFRICA,"TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS",UNITED-STATES,WOMEN	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919398475	The impact of school subsidies on HIV-related outcomes among adolescent female orphans	Hallfors D.D., Cho H., Rusakaniko S., Mapfumo J., Iritani B., Zhang L., Luseno W., Miller T.	2015	Journal of Adolescent Health	56	1	10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.09.004	Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 1516 E. Franklin Street, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Community Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Faculty of Education, Africa University, Mutare, Zimbabwe; Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Beltsville, MD, United States	Hallfors, D.D., Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 1516 E. Franklin Street, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Cho, H., Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 1516 E. Franklin Street, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Rusakaniko, S., Department of Community Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mapfumo, J., Faculty of Education, Africa University, Mutare, Zimbabwe; Iritani, B., Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 1516 E. Franklin Street, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Zhang, L., Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 1516 E. Franklin Street, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Luseno, W., Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 1516 E. Franklin Street, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Miller, T., Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Beltsville, MD, United States	Purpose We examine effects of school support as a structural HIV prevention intervention for adolescent female orphans in Zimbabwe after 5 years.Methods Three hundred twenty-eight orphan adolescent girls were followed in a clustered randomized controlled trial from 2007 to 2010. The experimental group received school fees, uniforms, and school supplies and were assigned a school-based "helper." In 2011-2012, the control group received delayed partial treatment of school fees only. At the final data point in 2012, survey, HIV, and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) biomarker data were collected from approximately 88% of the sample. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted on end point outcomes, controlling for age, religious affiliation, and baseline socioeconomic status.Results The two groups did not differ on HIV or HSV-2 biomarkers. The comprehensive 5-year intervention continued to reduce the likelihood of marriage, improve school retention, improve socioeconomic status (food security), and marginally maintain gains in quality of life, even after providing school fees to the control group.Conclusions Paying school fees and expenses resulted in significant improvements in life outcomes for orphan adolescent girls. Biological evidence of HIV infection prevention, however, was not observed. Our study adds to the growing body of research on school support as HIV prevention for girls in sub-Saharan Africa, but as yet, no clear picture of effectiveness has emerged. © 2015 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. All rights reserved.	HIV prevention; Orphan; Randomized Control Trial; Sub-Saharan Africa	biological marker; adolescent; adolescent disease; Article; child; controlled study; female; herpes simplex; Herpes simplex virus 2; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infection prevention; major clinical study; orphanage; outcome assessment; primary school; quality of life; randomized controlled trial (topic); rural area; school; school subsidy; social status; Zimbabwe	R01HD55838, NIH, National Institutes of Health
Scopus	2-s2.0-30444439713	New U-Pb SHRIMP zircon age for the Schurwedraai alkali granite: Implications for pre-impact development of the Vredefort Dome and extent of Bushveld magmatism, South Africa	Graham I.T., De Waal S.A., Armstrong R.A.	2005	Journal of African Earth Sciences	43	5	10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.09.009	Centre for Research on Magmatic Ore Deposits, Department of Geology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Department of Geoscience, Australian Museum, 6 College St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; PRISE, Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia	Graham, I.T., Centre for Research on Magmatic Ore Deposits, Department of Geology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa, Department of Geoscience, Australian Museum, 6 College St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; De Waal, S.A., Centre for Research on Magmatic Ore Deposits, Department of Geology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Armstrong, R.A., PRISE, Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia	The Schurwedraai alkali granite is one of a number of prominent ultramafic-mafic and felsic intrusions in the Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic sub-vertical supracrustal collar rocks of the Vredefort Dome, South Africa. The alkali granite intruded the Neoarchaean Witwatersrand Supergroup and has a peralkaline to peraluminous composition. A new zircon SHRIMP crystallization age of 2052 ± 14 Ma for the Schurwedraai alkali granite places it statistically before the Vredefort impact event at 2023 ± 4 Ma and within the accepted emplacement interval of 2050-2060 Ma of the Bushveld magmatic event. The presence of the alkali granite and associated small ultramafic-mafic intrusions in the Vredefort collar rocks extends the southern extremity of Bushveld-related intrusions to some 120 km south of Johannesburg and about 150 km south of the current outcrop area of the Bushveld Complex. The combined effect of these ultramafic-mafic and felsic bodies may have contributed to a pronouncedly steep pre-impact geothermal gradient in the Vredefort area, and to the amphibolite-grade metamorphism observed in the supracrustal collar rocks of the Vredefort Dome. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Bushveld; Schurwedraai; SHRIMP; Vredefort; Witwatersrand	alkaline rock; geochronology; granite; Precambrian; Africa; Free State; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Vredefort Dome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-75149164777	Current impact of mining alkaline rocks on Save River water quality in Zimbabwe	Meck M., Atlhopheng J., Masamba W.R.L.	2009	Journal of African Earth Sciences	55	42371	10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2008.12.006	Department of Geology, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mt . Pleasant Harare,, Zimbabwe; Environmental Science Department, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB0704, Gaborone, Botswana; Harry Oppeinheimer Okavango Research Centre (HOORC), University of Botswana, Box 285, Maun, Botswana	Meck, M., Department of Geology, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mt . Pleasant Harare,, Zimbabwe, Environmental Science Department, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB0704, Gaborone, Botswana; Atlhopheng, J., Environmental Science Department, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB0704, Gaborone, Botswana; Masamba, W.R.L., Harry Oppeinheimer Okavango Research Centre (HOORC), University of Botswana, Box 285, Maun, Botswana	Alkaline rocks (phosphate deposits in particular) of igneous origin are currently being mined in Zimbabwe. Exploitation of these deposits, which are associated with metals and non-metals, provides a potential for changing the river water quality in the surrounding areas by increasing metal and phosphates levels in the water, thereby endangering the beneficial use of the river. The aim and objectives of this paper are to enumerate the current impacts associated with mining alkaline rocks on Save River water quality in Zimbabwe using the Dorowa mine as a case study. Though there are several impacts associated with the mining of alkaline rocks, this paper deals only with impacts on water quality. A preliminary assessment of the water quality in the Save River downstream of the Dorowa phosphate mine showed an increase in conductivity, iron content, manganese content, nitrates and hardness when compared to those taken before mining activity began. However, there was no notable increase in phosphate and metals except for Fe and Mn. A plausible explanation for the low phosphate values in the water is that the phosphates are precipitating and settling as sediments. Phosphate is known to effectively remove metals from the surface water through the formation of metal-phosphate minerals. Thus, various pollutants may be adsorbed into sediments accumulated on the bottom of the river. These sediments may accumulate pollutants over long periods and act as new pollutant sources to the overlying water when phosphate desorbs from sediments due to changes in water conditions. Therefore, the sediments can act as a source of water pollution in the future. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Alkaline rocks; Phosphate mining; River water quality	alkaline rock; mining; phosphate; pollutant source; river pollution; water quality; Save River [Southern Africa]; Southern Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-75149196702	Recent glacial recession and its impact on alpine riverflow in the Rwenzori Mountains of Uganda	Taylor R.G., Mileham L., Tindimugaya C., Mwebembezi L.	2009	Journal of African Earth Sciences	55	04-Mar	10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2009.04.008	Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Water Resources Management, Ministry of Water and Environment, P.O. Box 19, Entebbe, Uganda	Taylor, R.G., Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Mileham, L., Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Tindimugaya, C., Water Resources Management, Ministry of Water and Environment, P.O. Box 19, Entebbe, Uganda; Mwebembezi, L., Water Resources Management, Ministry of Water and Environment, P.O. Box 19, Entebbe, Uganda	The limited number and duration of hydrological measurements in the East African Highlands inhibit current understanding of the impact of glacial recession on alpine riverflow. From historical records and surveys conducted in the dry season of 2005 and wet season of 2007, we report (1) recent changes in the terminal positions of large valley glaciers (Speke, Elena) and (2) spot measurements of alpine riverflow along altitudinal transects of the principal river (River Mubuku) draining alpine icefields in order to assess the relative contribution of icefields and underlying ecotones to river discharge. Observed acceleration in the rates of termini retreat of the Speke and Elena glaciers since the late 1960s is attributed, in part, to the convex-concave slope profile in which these valley glaciers reside. We show that current glacial recession has a negligible impact on alpine riverflow. Spot measurements of meltwater discharges indicate that icefields contribute considerably less than 2% of the river discharge at the base of the Rwenzori Mountains during both dry and wet seasons. An anomalously high specific discharge of the River Mubuku (1730 mm a -1) arises from high rates of precipitation exceeding 2000 mm a -1 below alpine icefields within Heath-moss and Montane forest ecotones that occupy more than half of the river's gauged catchment area. For other tropical alpine icefields representing a tiny fraction (&lt;1%) of alpine river catchment areas (e.g. Irian Jaya, Kilimanjaro, Mount Kenya), glacial meltwater discharges are similarly expected to contribute a negligible proportion of alpine riverflow. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Africa; Climate change; Glacier; Riverflow; Tropics	climate change; ecotone; glacial hydrology; glacier retreat; ice field; meltwater; river discharge; river flow; seasonal variation; valley glacier; Rwenzori Mountains; Uganda; Bryophyta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-83055168626	Lac Télé structure, Republic of Congo: Geological setting of a cryptozoological and biodiversity hotspot, and evidence against an impact origin	Master S.	2010	Journal of African Earth Sciences	58	4	10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2009.07.017	Impact Cratering Research Group, Economic Geology Research Institute, School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, P. Bag 3, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa	Master, S., Impact Cratering Research Group, Economic Geology Research Institute, School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, P. Bag 3, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa	Lac Télé is a large lake, ∼5.6. km in diameter, with an ovoid shape, situated at 17°10'E, 1°20'N, in the great tropical rain forest region of the Republic of Congo. This lake has attracted widespread attention, mainly because of the legends among the local people that it harbours a strange animal known as the Mokele-Mbembe, but also because it is situated in a region that is a hotbed of biodiversity and conservation efforts with respect to various endangered mammalian species, including gorillas and chimpanzees. Because of its appearance, Lac Télé has been regarded as a possible meteorite impact structure. Various expeditions, studying cryptozoology, conservation ecology, biodiversity, and the impact hypothesis, have visited Lac Télé in the past several decades.The Lac Télé structure is located in the NW part of the intracratonic Congo Basin, in a region dominated by Holocene alluvium, dense tropical rain forest, and swamps which form part of the basin of the Likouala aux Herbes, a multi-branched meandering river flowing over very low gradients into the Sangha river, a major tributary of the Congo river. Previous bathymetric studies have shown that the average depth of Lac Télé is only 4. m, including organic-rich silty sediments. The structure is that of a flat-bottomed dish.Modelling of the Lac Télé as an impact structure indicates a number of features which ought to be present. The absence of any of these features, coupled with the irregular ovoid shape, the palynological record, and the location of the structure at the intersection of major regional lineaments, is regarded as evidence against the impact hypothesis.Lac Télé as an isolated lake ecosystem is not unique in the Congo Basin, and there are several other similar small shallow isolated lakes surrounded by rain forest and marshes, some of which formed by damming of drainage systems by neotectonic faults. It is suggested that the formation of Lac Télé may be related to its location over neotectonically reactivated regional lineaments, which are also seismically active. Lac Télé and other similar hydrologic systems may be biodiversity hotspots because they acted as refugia following neotectonic hydrological re-organization of the Congo Basin. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.	Congo Basin; Likouala aux Herbes; Mokele-Mbembe; Neotectonics; Rain forest; Refugia	alluvial deposit; biodiversity; endangered species; neotectonics; palynology; rainforest; tropical forest; Congo; Congo Basin; Lake Tele; Animalia; Human echovirus 1; Mammalia; Pan	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866283096	Environmental health impacts of dispersed mineralisation in South Africa	Davies T.C., Mundalamo H.R.	2010	Journal of African Earth Sciences	58	4	10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2010.08.009	Department of Mining and Environmental Geology, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa	Davies, T.C., Department of Mining and Environmental Geology, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; Mundalamo, H.R., Department of Mining and Environmental Geology, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa	The crust of South Africa has undergone various episodes and styles of mineralisation, dating as far back as the Archaean. The suite of minerals produced is diverse and includes metals, non-metals and industrial minerals. Since the Pleistocene, substantial quantities of elements, both nutritional and toxic, that were involved in ore forming processes, have been remobilised and redistributed by surficial processes of intense tropical weathering, leaching, eluviation, podsolisation and gleying; and more recently, by mining and related processes, as well as by other urban and industrial activities. As a result of this " dispersion" it is not uncommon to find large tracts of the country containing anomalous trace element contents or deficiencies in essential micro-nutrient elements. Through water and food crops, extremes in trace element variation in soils are transmitted into the food chain, with often undesirable consequences for human and animal health. But the known variations are not as yet adequately documented. Nor is there sufficient knowledge on the implications of these variations for the health of the environment and its ecosystems. Nutrient deficient soils may be the principal causative factor in the devastating endemic osteoarthritic disease that afflicts two-thirds of the women in Maputaland, for instance. The generally low Se status of agricultural soils could represent an important co-factor in the relatively high diffusion rates of HIV-AIDS in the country. The impact of geology on animal health also remains an area of critical concern to both farmers and managers of the hugely important wildlife game reserves. This paper discusses a few known relationships between trace element excess/deficiency stemming originally from mineralisation processes, and the local and regional distribution of diseases in man and animals in South Africa. It is submitted that the challenge for future research in medical geology would lie in an organised effort aimed at detecting, verifying and documenting such relationships. This would help greatly in broadening the diagnostic spectrum and therapy for a number of environmental diseases in the country. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.	Dispersed mineralisation; Environmental diseases; South Africa	chemical weathering; ecosystem response; environmental impact; food chain; future prospect; health impact; human activity; leaching; mineralization; mining; remobilization; research work; trace element; South Africa; Animalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855816780	Hydrocarbon potential of Cretaceous sediments in the Lower and Middle Benue Trough, Nigeria: Insights from new source rock facies evaluation	Akande S.O., Egenhoff S.O., Obaje N.G., Ojo O.J., Adekeye O.A., Erdtmann B.D.	2012	Journal of African Earth Sciences	64	None	10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2011.11.008	Department of Geology and Mineral Sciences, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of GeoSciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States; Department of Geology and Mining, Nassarawa State University, Keffi,	Akande, S.O., Department of Geology and Mineral Sciences, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Egenhoff, S.O., Department of GeoSciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States; Obaje, N.G., Department of Geology and Mining, Nassarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria; Ojo, O.J., Department of Geology and Mineral Sciences, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Adekeye, O.A., Department of Geology and Mineral Sciences, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Erdtmann, B.D., Institut fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Technische Universitat Berlin, Sekr. ACK 14, Ackerstrasse 71-76, D-13355 Berlin, Germany	The Nigerian Benue Trough is an intracratonic rift structure which evolution is related to the Early Cretaceous opening of the South Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Guinea. Previous hydrocarbon potential assessments of the successions in the trough revealed a number of organic rich intervals capable of yielding significant quantities of hydrocarbons in the Cretaceous sections. Stratigraphic continuity of these intervals suggests their potentials for hydrocarbons if thermally mature and both oil and gas can be generated.The present study have expanded on some previously reported source rock data of the Cretaceous formations in the Benue Trough by detailed mapping of the stratigraphic intervals with source rock potentials on the basis of their structural setting, lithologic characteristics, and depositional environments. Further characterization of the organic matter within the Cenomanian to Coniacian on one hand and the Campanian to Maastrichtian intervals were carried out to determine the geochemical character of the organic rich zones, their maturity and effectiveness to generate and expel hydrocarbons.In the Lower Benue Trough, mature facies of the Cenomanian to Turonian Eze-Aku Formation with a predominance of Types II and III kerogen, the Turonian to Coniacian Type III dominated Awgu Formation and the Type III dominated Lower Maastrichtian sub-bituminous coals of the Mamu Formation have proven potentials as oil and gas source rocks. In the Middle Benue Basin, the preserved mature intervals of the Awgu Formation shales and coals are good gas source rocks with some oil prone units in view of the predominating Type III kerogen. Targets for hydrocarbons generated by these source rock intervals should focus on the non-emergent Cretaceous reservoirs within the pre-Santonian successions whereas, the mature equivalents of the sub-bituminous coal facies would generate and charge both Upper Cretaceous reservoirs and possibly the sub-Niger Delta successions in the sub-surface. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	Benue Trough; Organic geochemistry; Petroleum; Source rocks; Stratigraphy	Campanian; Cenomanian; Coniacian; Cretaceous; hydrocarbon exploration; hydrocarbon generation; hydrocarbon reservoir; Maastrichtian; petroleum; quantitative analysis; source rock; Atlantic Ocean; Atlantic Ocean (South); Gulf of Guinea; Coniacian; Cyanea angustifolia; Katsuwonus pelamis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84952299774	Environmental impact of elemental concentration and distribution in waters, soils and plants along the Lokoja-Abuja pipeline routes of Bida Basin, northwestern Nigeria	Boboye O.A., Abumere I.O.	2014	Journal of African Earth Sciences	99	None	10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2014.04.008	Department of Geology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Blueback Reservoirs Ltd., 1 Berry Street, Aberdeen, United Kingdom	Boboye, O.A., Department of Geology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Abumere, I.O., Blueback Reservoirs Ltd., 1 Berry Street, Aberdeen, United Kingdom	This paper presents environmental study carried out to evaluate the impacts of elements' concentrations in water, soil, plants and the level of environmental damage. This is to establish the rate of pollution and degree of enrichment to enhance delineation of highly polluted areas along the pipeline routes. It was achieved by determining their spatial distribution, concentration and/or occurrences as well as the possible sources of enrichment. Forty-six (46) surface water samples were collected during the dry season while thirty (30) surface water samples were collected in the wet season respectively. The sampling was systematically carried out at diverse locations along the streams and major rivers to broadly cover the variation in the area. Fifty-one (51) soil samples were collected during dry and wet seasons to determine the texture, heavy metal concentration and physico-chemical characteristics. Thirty (30) and twenty-six (26) samples of stream and river sediments were also collected during the dry and wet seasons for physico-chemical characterization, texture and heavy metal concentrations. Ten plant tissues were collected and analysed to ascertain the rate of absorption. The results of the surface water during the dry and wet seasons showed slight acidity while the Electrical Conductivity revealed that the major ions are higher in the dry season. The major anions and cations accounted for about 71% and 29% of the Total Dissolved Solids respectively. The higher concentrations of Fe in the stream sediments and soil than that in the water and plant tissues suggest the weathering of oolitic, pisolitic and argillaceous ironstone within the area. Concentration of NH4 emanate from anthropogenic sources. Textural classification revealed sand dominated soil which confirmed that the soil and stream sediment are autochthonous. The concentration of heavy metals and cations for both seasons in the plant tissues showed no discrepancy. The hydro-chemical facies characterization of the surface water identified two water groups of Ca-HCO3 and Na-K-Cl. The water chemistry evolution in this area is controlled dominantly by weathering and precipitation in the wet season. There is strong soil-plant relationship which is evident in their enrichment. Heavy metal distribution is generally within the acceptable limit except for few locations where Pb, Zn and Fe are of high concentration. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Autochthonous; Enrichments; Facies; Heavy metals; Seasons; Texture	concentration (composition); enrichment; environmental impact; heavy metal; pipeline; surface water; water pollution; water quality; wet season; Bida Basin	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922994537	Evaluation of bio-molecular signatures and hydrocarbon potential of upper Cretaceous shale, NE Nigeria	Boboye O.A., Nzegwu U.A.	2014	Journal of African Earth Sciences	99	PA2	10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2014.04.014	Department of Geology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Boboye, O.A., Department of Geology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Nzegwu, U.A., Department of Geology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	The Bornu Basin is a sector of the Chad Basin located in the northeastern part of Nigeria, occupying about one-tenth of total area in Chad Basin. Twenty-eight representative shale cutting samples retrieved from Tuma-1, Sa-1 and Albarka-1 exploratory wells were analyzed. Seventeen shale samples systematically selected from Gongila, Fika Shale and Chad Formations were subjected to Total Organic Content (TOC), Rock-Eval pyrolysis, Soluble Organic Matter, Liquid Chromatography, Gas Chromatography and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry analyses. This is to characterize and assess the potential capability of the shale units. The results showed that TOC of the Coniacian-Paleocene shale units exceed the threshold (0.5 wt%) needed for petroleum generation. This classifies it as potential source beds. Evidence from biomarkers indicates a preponderance of marine organic matter with subordinate terrigenous input. The quantity of gammacerane occurrence suggests normal saline environment. The presence of oleanane index indicates angiosperms input into Cretaceous-Tertiary source rock. C35/C34 homohopane ratio showed the anoxia development towards the center of the basin. C29ααα (20R)/C27ααα (20R) sterane ratio indicate the dominance of marine organic matter with subordinate terrigenous input. The 22S/(22S + 22R) ratio of C31 hopane have not reached equilibrium as evident by immaturity to early mature stages from diagnostic ratios of βα moretane/βα hopane, Ts/(Ts + Tm), 28,30-bisnorhopanes/17α-hopanes, diasteranes/ regular steranes, ααα steranes/αββ steranes and 20S/(20S + 20R) C29 regular steranes respectively. This is corroborated with the Rock-Eval indices showing immature to earlier mature kerogen within the Fika Formation. It consists preeminently of Type IV, with subordinate Type III. The prospect for hydrocarbon in this part of the basin is only fair to moderate with potential for gaseous rather than liquid hydrocarbon. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Anoxia; Biomarkers; Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; Kerogen; Organic matter; Thermal maturation	anoxia; biomarker; Cretaceous; gas chromatography; hydrocarbon exploration; hydrocarbon generation; hydrocarbon reservoir; kerogen; mass spectrometry; organic matter; shale; source rock; thermal maturity; Chad Basin; Nigeria; Magnoliophyta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922993569	Slope stability susceptibility evaluation parameter (SSEP) rating scheme - An approach for landslide hazard zonation	Raghuvanshi T.K., Ibrahim J., Ayalew D.	2014	Journal of African Earth Sciences	99	None	10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2014.05.004	School of Earthsciences, College of Natural Science, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Raghuvanshi, T.K., School of Earthsciences, College of Natural Science, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ibrahim, J., School of Earthsciences, College of Natural Science, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ayalew, D., School of Earthsciences, College of Natural Science, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	In this paper a new slope susceptibility evaluation parameter (SSEP) rating scheme is presented which is developed as an expert evaluation approach for landslide hazard zonation. The SSEP rating scheme is developed by considering intrinsic and external triggering parameters that are responsible for slope instability. The intrinsic parameters which are considered are; slope geometry, slope material (rock or soil type), structural discontinuities, landuse and landcover and groundwater. Besides, external triggering parameters such as, seismicity, rainfall and manmade activities are also considered. For SSEP empirical technique numerical ratings are assigned to each of the intrinsic and triggering parameters on the basis of logical judgments acquired from experience of studies of intrinsic and external triggering factors and their relative impact in inducing instability to the slope. Further, the distribution of maximum SSEP ratings is based on their relative order of importance in contributing instability to the slope. Finally, summation of all ratings for intrinsic and triggering parameter based on actual observation will provide the expected degree of landslide in a given land unit. This information may be utilized to develop a landslide hazard zonation map. The SSEP technique was applied in the area around Wurgessa Kebelle of North Wollo Zonal Administration, Amhara National Regional State in northern Ethiopia, some 490 km from Addis Ababa. The results obtained indicates that 8.33% of the area fall under Moderately hazard and 83.33% fall within High hazard whereas 8.34% of the area fall under Very high hazard. Further, in order to validate the LHZ map prepared during the study, active landslide activities and potential instability areas, delineated through inventory mapping was overlain on it. All active landslide activities and potential instability areas fall within very high and high hazard zone. Thus, the satisfactory agreement confirms the rationality of considered governing parameters, the adopted SSEP technique, tools and procedures in developing the landslide hazard map of the study area. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Landslide hazard evaluation; Landslide hazard zonation; Landslide triggering; Slope stability; Susceptibility	governance approach; hazard management; inventory; landslide; mapping; parameterization; slope stability; trigger mechanism; zonation; Amhara; Ethiopia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904052572	Impact of wellsite biostratigraphy on exploration drilling in the deepwater offshore Nigeria	Fadiya S.L.	2014	Journal of African Earth Sciences	100	None	10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2014.06.009	Department of Geology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Fadiya, S.L., Department of Geology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	The application of wellsite biostratigraphic technique has aided the reconstruction of the subsurface geology in the Nigerian deepwater region. It has further aided decision making during drilling operations including the planning of well paths. Critical decisions regarding casing setting, coring point selection, overpressure zone determination and total depth picks, are easily achieved through confirmation of well prognosis and correlation to offset wells. This technique is very important in the tectonically active Nigerian deepwater region which is characterized by varying degrees of both syn-depositional and post-depositional deformation. Accurate interpretation of basin architecture, lateral variation and facies change is required before drilling. Confirmation of well prognosis during drilling operation is equally important.It has been proved that wellsite biostratigraphic technique helps to "get it right at first" when integrated with the traditional lithologic description, log signature correlation and seismic profile interpretations. The modern and rapid processing technique of calcareous nannofossil, for instance, provides 'real time' result for the exploration team for confirmation of, or adjustment to, the drilling program. The attendant contribution in saved time, cost and safe and successful drilling operation makes the technique beneficial for all operators.This paper presents practical experience of wellsite biostratigraphy application in three oil prolific Nigerian deepwater regions: the Niger Delta, Joint Development zone of Nigeria/Sao Tome and Principe area (JDZ) and Benin (Dahomey) Basin. © 2014 The Authors.	Biostratigraphy; Calcareous nannofossils; Deepwater; Exploration; Niger Delta; Wellsite	biostratigraphy; decision making; deep water; drilling; fossil assemblage; fossil record; hydrocarbon exploration; hydrocarbon reservoir; nanofossil; oil well; paleoenvironment; basin analysis; deep drilling; exploration; lithology; Atlantic Ocean; Brazil; Dahomey Basin; Gulf of Guinea; Niger Delta; Nigeria; Parana [Brazil]; Principe; Sao Tome and Principe; Sao Tome Basin	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872804834	Monitoring basin-scale land cover changes in Kagera Basin of Lake Victoria using: Ancillary data and remote sensing	Wasige J.E., Groen T.A., Smaling E., Jetten V.	2012	International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation	21	1	10.1016/j.jag.2012.08.005	Faculty for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Twente University, P.O Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands; Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Soils and Soil Research Programme, National Agriculture Research Laboratories (NARL) Kawanda (Uganda), P.O. Box 7065, Kampala, Uganda	Wasige, J.E., Faculty for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Twente University, P.O Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands, Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda, Soils and Soil Research Programme, National Agriculture Research Laboratories (NARL) Kawanda (Uganda), P.O. Box 7065, Kampala, Uganda; Groen, T.A., Faculty for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Twente University, P.O Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands; Smaling, E., Faculty for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Twente University, P.O Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands; Jetten, V., Faculty for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Twente University, P.O Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands	The Kagera Basin is a high value ecosystem in the Lake Victoria watershed because of the hydrological and food services it provides. The basin has faced large scale human induced land use and land cover changes (LUCC), but quantitative data is to date lacking. A combination of ancillary data and satellite imagery were interpreted to construct LUCC dynamics for the last century. This study is an initial step towards assessing the impact of LUCC on sustainable agriculture and water quality in the watershed. The results show that large trends of LUCC have rapidly occurred over the last 100 years. The most dominant LUCC processes were gains in farmland areas (not detectable in 1901 to 60% in 2010) and a net reduction in dense forest (7% to 2.6%), woodlands (51% to 6.9%) and savannas (35% to 19.6%) between 1901 and 2010. Forest degradation rapidly occurred during 1974 and 1995 but the forest re-grew between 1995 and 2010 due to forest conservation efforts. Afforestation efforts have resulted in plantation forest increases between 1995 and 2010. The rates of LUCC observed are higher than those reported in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) and other parts of the world. This is one of the few studies in SSA at a basin scale that combines multisource spatio-temporal data on land cover to enable long-term quantification of land cover changes. In the discussion we address future research needs for the area based on the results of this study. These research needs include quantifying the impacts of land cover change on nutrient and sediment dynamics, soil organic carbon stocks, and changes in biodiversity. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	Data integration; Eutrophication; GIS/remote sensing; Historical analysis; Lake victoria basin; Land degradation; Land use/land cover changes	afforestation; alternative agriculture; anthropogenic effect; biodiversity; data interpretation; ecosystem modeling; future prospect; land cover; land use change; monitoring system; nutrient dynamics; quantitative analysis; remote sensing; research work; satellite imagery; sedimentation rate; soil organic matter; trend analysis; vegetation dynamics; water quality; East African Lakes; Kagera River; Lake Victoria; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943647909	Monitoring grass nutrients and biomass as indicators of rangeland quality and quantity using random forest modelling and WorldView-2 data	Ramoelo A., Cho M.A., Mathieu R., Madonsela S., van de Kerchove R., Kaszta Z., Wolff E.	2015	International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation	43	None	10.1016/j.jag.2014.12.010	Natural Resource and Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa; IGEAT, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium; Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Centre, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa; Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Centre for Remote Sensing and Earth Observation Processes (TAP), Boeretang 200, Mol, Belgium	Ramoelo, A., Natural Resource and Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa, Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Centre, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa; Cho, M.A., Natural Resource and Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa; Mathieu, R., Natural Resource and Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa; Madonsela, S., Natural Resource and Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa; van de Kerchove, R., IGEAT, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Centre for Remote Sensing and Earth Observation Processes (TAP), Boeretang 200, Mol, Belgium; Kaszta, Z., IGEAT, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium; Wolff, E., IGEAT, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium	Land use and climate change could have huge impacts on food security and the health of various ecosystems. Leaf nitrogen (N) and above-ground biomass are some of the key factors limiting agricultural production and ecosystem functioning. Leaf N and biomass can be used as indicators of rangeland quality and quantity. Conventional methods for assessing these vegetation parameters at landscape scale level are time consuming and tedious. Remote sensing provides a bird-eye view of the landscape, which creates an opportunity to assess these vegetation parameters over wider rangeland areas. Estimation of leaf N has been successful during peak productivity or high biomass and limited studies estimated leaf N in dry season. The estimation of above-ground biomass has been hindered by the signal saturation problems using conventional vegetation indices. The objective of this study is to monitor leaf N and above-ground biomass as an indicator of rangeland quality and quantity using WorldView-2 satellite images and random forest technique in the north-eastern part of South Africa. Series of field work to collect samples for leaf N and biomass were undertaken in March 2013, April or May 2012 (end of wet season) and July 2012 (dry season). Several conventional and red edge based vegetation indices were computed. Overall results indicate that random forest and vegetation indices explained over 89% of leaf N concentrations for grass and trees, and less than 89% for all the years of assessment. The red edge based vegetation indices were among the important variables for predicting leaf N. For the biomass, random forest model explained over 84% of biomass variation in all years, and visible bands including red edge based vegetation indices were found to be important. The study demonstrated that leaf N could be monitored using high spatial resolution with the red edge band capability, and is important for rangeland assessment and monitoring. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Biomass; Leaf nitrogen; Random forest model; Rangeland quality; Red edge band; WorldView-2	aboveground biomass; forestry modeling; grass; monitoring system; NDVI; nutrient; rangeland; satellite data; WorldView; South Africa; Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920150697	The Air Liberalisation Index as a tool in measuring the impact of South Africa's aviation policy in Africa on air passenger traffic flows	Surovitskikh S., Lubbe B.	2015	Journal of Air Transport Management	42	None	10.1016/j.jairtraman.2014.09.010	Division Tourism Management, Department of Marketing Management, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, South Africa	Surovitskikh, S., Division Tourism Management, Department of Marketing Management, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, South Africa; Lubbe, B., Division Tourism Management, Department of Marketing Management, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, South Africa	In Africa, the Yamoussoukro Decision (YD) to date remains the single most important air transport reform policy, the continent-wide implementation of which remains pending. This study employs the Air Liberalisation Index (ALI), developed by the Word Trade Organisation (WTO) Secretariat, to measure the impact of each of the seven quantifiable market access features of South Africa's aviation policy in Africa on air passenger traffic flows. A fixed one-way panel regression technique was applied to panel data, representing five air transport markets: intra-African, the SADC, East African, West African and North African over two time periods (2000-2010; 2006-2010). The results proved to be significant in three markets, intra-African, the SADC and East African and provide new insights into the relationship between air passenger traffic flows and aviation policy in the South African - intra-African and regional contexts. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Africa; ALI; Aviation policy; Market access features; South Africa; Yamoussoukro Decision	air transportation; panel data; policy implementation; policy reform; regression analysis; traffic management; transportation policy; East Africa; North Africa; South Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896982278	Evaluation of Al-Cu-Mg alloy/bean pod ash nanoparticles synthesis by double layer feeding-stir casting method	Atuanya C.U., Aigbodion V.S.	2014	Journal of Alloys and Compounds	601	None	10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.02.086	Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria; Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Atuanya, C.U., Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria; Aigbodion, V.S., Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	The evaluation of the microstructure and properties of Al-Cu-Mg alloy/bean pod ash (BPA) nanoparticles synthesis by double layer feeding and stir casting method was investigated. The aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) were produced by varying the BPA nanoparticles from 1 to 4 wt%. The microstructure and phases of the composites produced were examined by SEM/EDS and XRD. Properties such as density, hardness, tensile strength and impact energy were evaluated. The results showed that good interfacial bonding was achieved between the alloy and the bean pod ash nanoparticles. The tensile strength and hardness values increased by 35% and 44.1% at 4 wt% BPA nanoparticles with appreciable impact energy. The mechanical properties of the as-cast aluminum nanoparticles (MMNCs) have been improved significantly even with a low weight percent of nano-sized BPAp. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Al-Cu-Mg alloy; Bean pod ash nanoparticles; Mechanical properties; Microstructures	Aluminum; Hardness; Mechanical properties; Microstructure; Nanoparticles; Tensile strength; Al-Cu-Mg alloys; Aluminum matrix composites (AMCs); Aluminum nanoparticles; Hardness values; Interfacial bonding; Microstructure and properties; Nanoparticles synthesis; Stir casting method; Synthesis (chemical)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938989866	Performance analysis of cylindrical metal hydride beds with various heat exchange options	Satya Sekhar B., Lototskyy M., Kolesnikov A., Moropeng M.L., Tarasov B.P., Pollet B.G.	2015	Journal of Alloys and Compounds	645	S1	10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.12.272	South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, South Africa; Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa; Laboratory of Hydrogen Storage Materials, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Semenova, 1, Chernogolovka, Russian Federation	Satya Sekhar, B., South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, South Africa; Lototskyy, M., South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, South Africa; Kolesnikov, A., Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa; Moropeng, M.L., Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa; Tarasov, B.P., Laboratory of Hydrogen Storage Materials, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Semenova, 1, Chernogolovka, Russian Federation; Pollet, B.G., South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, South Africa	Abstract A 3D numerical heat-and-mass transfer model was used for the comparison of H<inf>2</inf> uptake performances of powdered cylindrical MH beds comprising MmNi<inf>4.6</inf>Al<inf>0.4</inf> hydrogen storage material. The considered options of heat exchange between the MH and a heat transfer fluid included internal cooling using straight (I) or helically coiled (II) tubing, as well as external cooling of the MH bed without (III) and with (IV) transversal fins. The dynamic performances of these layouts were compared based on the numerical simulation. The effect of heat transfer coefficient was also analysed. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Heat and mass transfer; Hydrogen storage; Metal hydrides; Thermal model	Coiled tubing; Computational fluid dynamics; Heat exchangers; Hydrides; Hydrogen; Hydrogen storage; Mass transfer; Dynamic performance; External cooling; Heat and mass transfer; Heat and mass transfer models; Internal cooling; Metal hydrides; Performance analysis; Thermal model; Heat transfer	14.604.21.0124, Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; 76735, NRF, Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; UI RFMEFI60414X0124, Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940424532	Synthesis of CdS flower-like hierarchical microspheres as electrode material for electrochemical performance	Kaviyarasu K., Manikandan E., Maaza M.	2015	Journal of Alloys and Compounds	648	None	10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.06.010	UNESCO-UNISA, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa (UNISA), Muckleneuk Ridge, Pretoria, South Africa; Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), Materials Research Department (MSD), IThemba LABS-National Research Foundation (NRF), 1 Old Faure Road, 7129, Somerset West, Western Cape Province, South Africa; Central Research Laboratory, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Bharath University, Chrompet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India	Kaviyarasu, K., UNESCO-UNISA, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa (UNISA), Muckleneuk Ridge, Pretoria, South Africa, Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), Materials Research Department (MSD), IThemba LABS-National Research Foundation (NRF), 1 Old Faure Road, 7129, Somerset West, Western Cape Province, South Africa; Manikandan, E., Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), Materials Research Department (MSD), IThemba LABS-National Research Foundation (NRF), 1 Old Faure Road, 7129, Somerset West, Western Cape Province, South Africa, Central Research Laboratory, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Bharath University, Chrompet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Maaza, M., UNESCO-UNISA, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa (UNISA), Muckleneuk Ridge, Pretoria, South Africa, Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), Materials Research Department (MSD), IThemba LABS-National Research Foundation (NRF), 1 Old Faure Road, 7129, Somerset West, Western Cape Province, South Africa	We report in this paper, a facile hydrothermal route for the preparation of CdS nanocrystals at room temperature (RT). Composition, structure and morphology of the products were analyzed and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms that the hydrothermal treatment at 180 °C for periods ranging from 0 to 1440 min caused no significant modification of the long range order structure subjected to hydrothermal treatment. From the XRD analysis the diffraction peaks pertaining to 26.75°, 43.89° and 52.34° are attributed to the (111), (220) and (311) planes of cubic zinc blende structure. The Photoluminescence (PL) spectra are dominated by a strong narrow band edge emission tunable in the blue region of the visible spectra indicating the narrow size distribution of CdS nanocrystals. TEM observation shows that the CdS nanocrystals synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis are well dispersed and the average crystallite size was found to be ∼10 nm. The confocal microscopic studies reveal that each flower like spheres is due to Ostwald's ripening with numerous nanoparticles aggregating a surface. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	CdS; Confocal microscopy; Current-voltage studies; Nanocrystals; PL; TEM	Cadmium sulfide; Confocal microscopy; Crystallite size; Nanocrystals; Transmission electron microscopy; X ray diffraction; Zinc sulfide; CdS; Current voltage; Electrochemical performance; Hierarchical microspheres; Narrow size distributions; Photoluminescence spectrum; PL; Structure and morphology; Hydrothermal synthesis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84933565123	Hybrid nanostructured thin-films by PLD for enhanced field emission performance for radiation micro-nano dosimetry applications	Manikandan E., Kennedy J., Kavitha G., Kaviyarasu K., Maaza M., Panigrahi B.K., Mudali U.K.	2015	Journal of Alloys and Compounds	647	None	10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.06.102	UNESCO-UNISA AFNET in Nanosciences/Nanotechnology, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa, PO Box 392, Pretoria, South Africa; Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), Materials Research Department, IThemba LABS-National Research Foundation (NRF), 1 Old Faure Road, Western-Cape, South Africa; MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, New Zealand; PGand Research Dept of Physics, AM Jain College Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, India; Materials Science Group (MSG), Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam, India; Corrosion Science and Technology Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam, India; Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital (SBMCH), Bharath University, Chrompet Chennai, India	Manikandan, E., UNESCO-UNISA AFNET in Nanosciences/Nanotechnology, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa, PO Box 392, Pretoria, South Africa, Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), Materials Research Department, IThemba LABS-National Research Foundation (NRF), 1 Old Faure Road, Western-Cape, South Africa, Materials Science Group (MSG), Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam, India, Corrosion Science and Technology Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam, India, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital (SBMCH), Bharath University, Chrompet Chennai, India; Kennedy, J., UNESCO-UNISA AFNET in Nanosciences/Nanotechnology, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa, PO Box 392, Pretoria, South Africa, Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), Materials Research Department, IThemba LABS-National Research Foundation (NRF), 1 Old Faure Road, Western-Cape, South Africa, MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, New Zealand; Kavitha, G., UNESCO-UNISA AFNET in Nanosciences/Nanotechnology, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa, PO Box 392, Pretoria, South Africa, Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), Materials Research Department, IThemba LABS-National Research Foundation (NRF), 1 Old Faure Road, Western-Cape, South Africa, PGand Research Dept of Physics, AM Jain College Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, India; Kaviyarasu, K., UNESCO-UNISA AFNET in Nanosciences/Nanotechnology, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa, PO Box 392, Pretoria, South Africa, Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), Materials Research Department, IThemba LABS-National Research Foundation (NRF), 1 Old Faure Road, Western-Cape, South Africa; Maaza, M., UNESCO-UNISA AFNET in Nanosciences/Nanotechnology, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa, PO Box 392, Pretoria, South Africa, Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), Materials Research Department, IThemba LABS-National Research Foundation (NRF), 1 Old Faure Road, Western-Cape, South Africa; Panigrahi, B.K., Materials Science Group (MSG), Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam, India, Corrosion Science and Technology Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam, India; Mudali, U.K., Materials Science Group (MSG), Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam, India, Corrosion Science and Technology Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam, India	We report the observation of hybrid nanostructured thin-films such as diamond-like carbon (DLC) signature on the ZnO epitaxial thin-films grown onto the device silicon/quartz substrate by reactive pulsed laser deposition (r-PLD) under the argon-oxygen (Ar|O<inf>2</inf>) ambient at 573 K. Undoped and Carbon (C) doped epitaxial ZnO thin-film layer formation is revealed by the accelerator based ion-beam analysis (IBA) technique of resonant Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RRBS), glancing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) pattern, micro-Raman spectroscopy (μ-RS) and field-emission (F-E) studies. The RRBS and GIXRD results show the deposition of epitaxial thin-films containing C into ZnO. The μ-RS technique is a standard nondestructive tool (NDT) for the characterization of crystalline, nano-crystalline, and amorphous carbons (a-C). As grown ZnO and C-doped ZnO thin-films μ-RS result reveal the doping effect of C-impurities that appear in the form of DLC evident from Raman peaks at 1357 and 1575 cm-1 along with a wurtzite structure peak at 438 cm-1 with E<inf>2</inf>(h) phonon of ZnO. The electron transport F-E result shows the hybrid thin-films has high conductivity than the un-doped film. Fabricated hybrid nanostructured thin-films materials could be very useful for the emerging applications of micro-nano dosimetry. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Diamond-like carbon; Field-emission; Laser processing; Nanocrystalline materials; Raman spectroscopy; ZnO thin-films	Amorphous carbon; Argon lasers; Carbon; Carbon films; Characterization; Crystalline materials; Deposition; Diamond like carbon films; Dosimetry; Electron transport properties; Field emission; Films; Hybrid materials; Ion beams; Laser materials processing; Metallic films; Nanocrystalline materials; Nondestructive examination; Optical films; Pulsed laser deposition; Pulsed lasers; Raman spectroscopy; Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy; Semiconductor doping; Thin films; X ray diffraction; Zinc oxide; Zinc sulfide; Diamond like carbon; Glancing incidence x-ray diffractions; Laser process; Micro Raman Spectroscopy; Nanostructured thin film; Reactive pulsed laser deposition; Rutherford back-scattering spectrometry; ZnO thin film; Epitaxial growth	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951576583	Changing HIV Clinical Knowledge and Skill in Context: The Impact of Longitudinal Training in the Southeast United States	Culyba R.J., McGee B.T., Weyer D.	2011	Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care	22	2	10.1016/j.jana.2010.07.005	Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Training and Education Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Regional AIDS Initiative of Southern Africa, Voluntary Service Overseas, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Southeast AIDS Training and Education Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States	Culyba, R.J., Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Training and Education Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; McGee, B.T., Regional AIDS Initiative of Southern Africa, Voluntary Service Overseas, Pretoria, South Africa; Weyer, D., Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Southeast AIDS Training and Education Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States	In the Southeast United States, HIV care is provided in a context of disproportionate HIV prevalence and barriers to care, including rural locales, higher proportions of African American and uninsured patients, and inadequate health care workforce and infrastructure. The authors describe a regional on-site longitudinal training program developed to target multidisciplinary teams providing HIV primary care at clinical sites in the region. The effect of this training program was evaluated using pre- and 3-month post-program knowledge and skills tests, a post-training evaluation questionnaire, and a post-program focus group. The authors found desired effects, with increases in knowledge and skills and improved capacity of providers to meet patient care needs across all clinical sites despite variations in terms of HIV-infected patient loads. However, the lack of enabling factors present in clinic environments may attenuate the application of new knowledge and skills, underscoring the relevance of teamwork training in HIV care settings. © 2011 Association of Nurses in AIDS Care.	Health education; HIV clinical care; HIV training; Provider training evaluation; Rural population	article; clinical competence; continuing education; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; longitudinal study; male; psychological aspect; United States; Clinical Competence; Education, Continuing; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Southeastern United States	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864953990	Research capacity-building program for clinicians and staff at a community-based HIV clinic in Uganda: A pre/post evaluation	Njie-Carr V., Kalengé S., Kelley J., Wilson A., Muliira J.K., Nabirye R.C., Glass N., Bollinger R., Alamo-Talisuna S., Chang L.W.	2012	Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care	23	5	10.1016/j.jana.2011.11.002	University of Delaware School of Nursing, Newark, Deleware, United States; Reach Out Mbuya, Kampala, Uganda; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Community Health Liaison, President's Emergency Plan For AIDS Relief, Ssanje/Rakai District, Uganda; Makerere University, Department of Nursing, Kampala, Uganda; Center for Global Health, Department of Community Public Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, United States; Infectious Diseases and International Health Director, Center for Clinical Global Health Education, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States	Njie-Carr, V., University of Delaware School of Nursing, Newark, Deleware, United States; Kalengé, S., Reach Out Mbuya, Kampala, Uganda; Kelley, J., Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Wilson, A., Community Health Liaison, President's Emergency Plan For AIDS Relief, Ssanje/Rakai District, Uganda; Muliira, J.K., Makerere University, Department of Nursing, Kampala, Uganda; Nabirye, R.C., Makerere University, Department of Nursing, Kampala, Uganda; Glass, N., Center for Global Health, Department of Community Public Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, United States; Bollinger, R., Infectious Diseases and International Health Director, Center for Clinical Global Health Education, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Alamo-Talisuna, S., Reach Out Mbuya, Kampala, Uganda; Chang, L.W., Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States	Developing capacity for HIV research and clinical practice is critically needed in resource-limited countries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a research capacity-building program for community-based participants in the preparation and conduct of mobile phone-based technology interventions. A descriptive, cross-sectional design was used. Participants completed self-report surveys at three time points. Thirty-three participated in the situational analysis, and all (100%) felt that the research training was needed. For the interim evaluation, more than 96.8% (n = 30) reported increased knowledge and confidence and attributed this to the training. Fourteen participants completed the final evaluation. Dedicated time away from work was an important factor to facilitate recruitment and data collection, followed by financial incentives to commute to data collection sites. Expertise through supervision and mentorship for participants and sustained funding for research projects are critical to the innovation needed to improve HIV prevention and care outcomes. © 2012 Association of Nurses in AIDS Care.	Capacity building; Evaluation; HIV; Human resources; Mobile phone-based technology; Resource-limited country; Training	article; evaluation; health services research; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; in service training; leadership; outpatient department; Uganda; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Health Services Research; HIV Infections; Humans; Inservice Training; Leadership; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84885418119	The impact of stressful life events, symptom status, and adherence concerns on quality of life in people living with HIV	Corless I.B., Voss J., Guarino A.J., Wantland D., Holzemer W., Jane Hamilton M., Sefcik E., Willard S., Kirksey K., Portillo C., Mendez M.R., Rosa M.E., Nicholas P.K., Human S., Maryland M., Moezzi S., Robinson L., Cuca Y.	2013	Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care	24	6	10.1016/j.jana.2012.11.005	MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, United States; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Rutgers University School of Nursing, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States; Texas A and M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, United States; Harris Health System, Houston, TX, United States; School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences, Campus School of Nursing, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Universidad del Turabo School of Health Sciences, Gurabo, Puerto Rico; School of Nursing, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, United States; University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; Illinois Division, American Cancer Society, Chicago, IL, United States; Middle East Center University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States	Corless, I.B., MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, United States; Voss, J., University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Guarino, A.J., MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, United States; Wantland, D., Rutgers University School of Nursing, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States; Holzemer, W., Rutgers University School of Nursing, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States; Jane Hamilton, M., Texas A and M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, United States; Sefcik, E., Texas A and M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, United States; Willard, S., Rutgers University School of Nursing, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States; Kirksey, K., Harris Health System, Houston, TX, United States; Portillo, C., School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Mendez, M.R., University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences, Campus School of Nursing, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Rosa, M.E., Universidad del Turabo School of Health Sciences, Gurabo, Puerto Rico; Nicholas, P.K., School of Nursing, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, United States; Human, S., University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; Maryland, M., Illinois Division, American Cancer Society, Chicago, IL, United States; Moezzi, S., Middle East Center University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Robinson, L., University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States; Cuca, Y., School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States	Studies concerning persons living with HIV (PLWH) report that stressful life events (SLEs) contribute to an exacerbation of symptoms and reduced antiretroviral (ARV) adherence and quality of life (QOL). Little is known about whether these findings are site-specific. Our study's aims were to characterize the type and frequency of SLEs for PLWH in Puerto Rico, South Africa, and the United States, and to assess the impact of SLEs by national site, symptoms, and ARV adherence concerns on QOL. The sample consisted of 704 participants. The total number of SLEs correlated significantly with the total number of symptoms, adherence concerns, and QOL (p ≤ .001). Overall, 27.2% of the variance in QOL was explained by the aforementioned variables. Although SLEs were of concern to PLWH, worries about ARV adherence were of even greater concern. Routine assessment of ARV concerns and SLEs can promote ongoing ARV adherence and improved QOL. © 2013 Association of Nurses in AIDS Care.	Adherence; HIV; Quality of life; Stressful life events; Symptoms	antiretrovirus agent; adaptive behavior; ADHERENCE; adult; aged; article; cultural factor; ethnology; female; health survey; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; life event; male; medication compliance; mental stress; middle aged; psychological aspect; Puerto Rico; quality of life; questionnaire; Sickness Impact Profile; socioeconomics; South Africa; stressful life events; symptoms; United States; young adult; adherence; HIV; quality of life; stressful life events; symptoms; Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Aged; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Female; Health Surveys; HIV Infections; Humans; Life Change Events; Male; Medication Adherence; Middle Aged; Puerto Rico; Quality of Life; Questionnaires; Sickness Impact Profile; Socioeconomic Factors; South Africa; Stress, Psychological; United States; Young Adult	P20 NR08359, NIH, National Institutes of Health; P20 NR08342, NIH, National Institutes of Health
Scopus	2-s2.0-25444433075	Density of Cape porcupines in a semi-arid environment and their impact on soil turnover and related ecosystem processes	Bragg C.J., Donaldson J.D., Ryan P.G.	2005	Journal of Arid Environments	61	2	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.09.007	Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; National Botanical Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South Africa	Bragg, C.J., Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Donaldson, J.D., National Botanical Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South Africa; Ryan, P.G., Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Cape porcupines (Hystrix africaeaustralis) appear to have an important influence on landscapes through both biotic (foraging) and abiotic (soil turnover) impacts. Porcupine abundance and abiotic effects across the landscape were investigated in Nieuwoudtville, South Africa, a semi-arid area characterized by an extraordinary diversity and abundance of geophytes. Porcupine numbers were measured in 50 burrows, and the number of burrow entrances was a good predictor of the number of porcupines it contained (r 2=0.76). Occupied burrow density was estimated to be 2.6 burrows km-2 and porcupine density on the study farm was estimated to be 8 animals km-2, which is high relative to other Hystrix populations in semi-arid environments. This can probably be attributed to the high abundance of geophytes in the region. Annually, porcupines disturb 0.34% of the soil surface and 1.6 m3 ha-1 yr-1 of soil is displaced across the landscape, through the excavation of 160-3463 diggings per hectare. Up to 2.2 m3 of soil is displaced per hectare per year in the natural Dolerite Plains vegetation, but very little foraging activity occurs in previously or currently ploughed lands. The extent of disturbance in Nieuwoudtville is on a par with or higher than that recorded for other porcupine populations in arid or semi-arid regions. Other studies have shown that porcupine diggings disturb plant community structure and create fertile sites for plant germination and recruitment. Porcupine diggings in Nieuwoudtville contained significantly more seedlings than adjacent areas. Thus, through widespread foraging pits, soil turnover, and numerous burrows, porcupines modulate the availability of resources to other organisms. Therefore, Cape porcupines are likely to act as ecosystem engineers in this landscape. Porcupines should be included in any conservation actions involving the unique geophyte flora of Nieuwoudtville. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Burrows; Disturbance; Ecosystem engineers; Foraging diggings; Geophytes; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Porcupine density	burrow; disturbance; ecosystem function; geophyte; population density; semiarid region; Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; World; Animalia; Hystrix africaeaustralis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33645229620	Reproductive performance of Wistar rats fed Acacia colei seed-based diets	Adewusi S.R.A., Falade O.S., Nwoha P.U., Caxton-Martins A.E., Harwood C.	2006	Journal of Arid Environments	66	1	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.10.014	Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products, P.O. Box E4008, Kingston, ACT 4008, Australia	Adewusi, S.R.A., Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Falade, O.S., Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Nwoha, P.U., Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Caxton-Martins, A.E., Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Harwood, C., CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products, P.O. Box E4008, Kingston, ACT 4008, Australia	Weanling male and female Wistar rats were fed diets incorporating 0%, 20% and 40% Acacia colei seed flour (Leguminosae), to raise three generations of animals. Weight gain decreased with increasing levels of acacia incorporation (crude protein content 12.6%) in first generation animals. Mating, 13 weeks after weaning, resulted in 80%, 60% and 0% pregnancy in female rats, average litter size of 5 and 5.5; and survival rate of 83% and 94% by rats fed 0%, 20% and 40% acacia diets, respectively. Increasing the protein content to 18% reversed the reproductive failure in the 40% acacia group: pregnancy rate was 80%, 40% and 71%; mean litter size was 8.5, 12 and 3.8 in rats fed 0%, 20% and 40% acacia diets, respectively. Growth rate was fastest in the 0% acacia group second-generation rats after the first 64 days. Mating this second generation resulted in 82%, 70% and 83% pregnancy over two matings for animals on 0%, 20% and 40% acacia diets, respectively. Weights of reproductive and other internal organs were little affected by diet-type indicating that incorporation of acacia into rat diet would not affect reproduction except for the low quality of its protein. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Dietary protein; Famine food; Growth; Reproduction	diet; food quality; litter size; reproductive success; rodent; Acacia; Acacia colei; Animalia; Fabaceae; Rattus norvegicus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34249281963	From pastoralism to tourism: The historical impact of changing land use practices in Namaqualand	Hoffman M.T., Rohde R.F.	2007	Journal of Arid Environments	70	4	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.05.014	Botany Department, Leslie Hill Institute for Plant Conservation, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; Centre for African Studies, University of Edinburgh, 4 Carlton Street, Edinburgh, EH4 1NJ Scotland, United Kingdom	Hoffman, M.T., Botany Department, Leslie Hill Institute for Plant Conservation, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; Rohde, R.F., Centre for African Studies, University of Edinburgh, 4 Carlton Street, Edinburgh, EH4 1NJ Scotland, United Kingdom	We use the concept of ecological revolutions to explain the environmental history of Namaqualand, from the advent of pastoralism 2000 years BP, to colonial settlement in the 18th century and finally to the recent trend of de-agrarianization from the middle of the 20th century. Early traveller's records and census data are used to assess changes in the human population of the region and how this affected wildlife and agricultural practices. Pre-colonial indigenous hunter-gatherer (Bushmen) and pastoralist (Khoekhoen) populations in Namaqualand consisted of probably no more than a few thousand individuals. Over the next three centuries, the general population rose steadily to more than 65,000 people but has fallen in recent years. Wildlife appears not to have been abundant in Namaqualand's pre-colonial landscapes and large springbok 'treks' were probably a rare event. The number of domestic livestock in Namaqualand peaked in 1957 largely as a result of an increase in the number of sheep which have fallen steadily since this time. Crop production was absent from Namaqualand's pre-colonial landscapes but increased to cover nearly 30,000 ha in the early 1970s. The area under cultivation has declined by nearly two thirds since this time largely as a result of the large-scale abandonment of wheat farming in marginal environments. We touch on differences between the communal areas and private farms, particularly in terms of their human populations and agricultural impact on the land. Repeat landscape photographs support our main findings which suggest that both rocky, upland habitats and rivers have not been transformed substantially by land use practices in Namaqualand. Instead, sandy pediments have borne the brunt of human impacts in the region. Finally, we highlight the beginning of a new ecological revolution in Namaqualand due to changes in the global and national political economy. © 2006.	Degradation; Environmental history; Human impact; Population; Repeat photography	anthropogenic effect; environmental history; historical geography; human settlement; land use change; pastoralism; tourism; twentieth century; Africa; Namaqualand; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Antidorcas marsupialis; Ovis aries; Triticum aestivum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34249336446	The impacts of sustained heavy grazing on plant diversity and composition in lowland and upland habitats across the Kamiesberg mountain range in the Succulent Karoo, South Africa	Anderson P.M.L., Hoffman M.T.	2007	Journal of Arid Environments	70	4	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.05.017	Leslie Hill Institute for Plant Conservation, Department of Botany, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Anderson, P.M.L., Leslie Hill Institute for Plant Conservation, Department of Botany, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Hoffman, M.T., Leslie Hill Institute for Plant Conservation, Department of Botany, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	This study explored the impacts of sustained heavy grazing in six vegetation types across an altitudinal and rainfall gradient in the Kamiesberg mountain range in Namaqualand. The study was carried out across the fence separating the Leliefontein communal area and surrounding privately owned farms. The communal area has been stocked over decades at approximately twice the government recommended stocking rate, while adjacent privately owned farms have generally adhered to recommended rates. Plant community data were collected from 66, 0.1 ha modified Whittaker plots and analysed for diversity and compositional changes. Consideration of community-wide responses through NMDS ordination showed that heavy grazing did not result in the dominance of a few wide-spread, weedy species in communal areas. Species richness at the 0.1 ha scale was also not affected by different land use practices. However, there was a significant compositional shift away from large woody and succulent shrubs, and an associated increase in dwarf shrubs and herbaceous perennial plants on the communal areas. This shift was only evident on the sandy lowland habitats, while a reduction in perennial grass was recorded in the rocky upland habitats on the communal areas. Compositional shifts towards smaller and more ephemeral species in the communal area are indicative of a system more closely dependent on rainfall. This has implications for people's livelihoods in the region, particularly in light of predicted climate change. © 2006.	Communal areas; Grazing impacts; Plant composition; Succulent Karoo; Upland habitats	community structure; grazing; habitat type; lowland environment; plant community; species diversity; species richness; sustainability; upland region; vegetation type; Africa; Kamiesberge; Karoo; Namaqualand; Northern Cape; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34247123989	Rangeland evaluation in the middle Awash valley of Ethiopia: I. Herbaceous vegetation cover	Abule E., Snyman H.A., Smit G.N.	2007	Journal of Arid Environments	70	2	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.12.008	Adami Tulu Research Center, P. O. Box 35, Zeway, Ethiopia; Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Abule, E., Adami Tulu Research Center, P. O. Box 35, Zeway, Ethiopia; Snyman, H.A., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Smit, G.N., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	The objective of this study was to determine the condition and grazing capacity of commonly grazed rangeland of pastoralists living in the Kereyu-Fantale and Awash-Fantale districts of Ethiopia. In each of the districts, data on grass species composition, basal cover, bare ground, soil erosion and dry matter (DM) yield were collected. The most dominant grass species in the study districts was Chrysopogon plumulosus, followed by different species of Sporobolus. The percentage bare ground varied from 0.3% to 10.8%, with a mean value of 5.3%. The basal cover in both districts was low, averaging 3.4%. The DM yield of the grass ranged between 168.5 and 832 kg ha-1. The grazing capacity varied from as low as 54.1 to as high as 7.1 ha LSU-1. The general conclusion that can be made is that the condition of the rangeland in the Middle Awash Valley of Ethiopia is poor, requiring careful and participatory management. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Basal cover; Grass DM yield; Grass species composition; Grazing capacity; Percentage bare ground; Rangeland condition	bare soil; community composition; dry matter; environmental assessment; environmental conditions; grass; grazing pressure; rangeland; soil erosion; valley; vegetation cover; Africa; Awash Valley; East Africa; Ethiopia; Fantale; Sub-Saharan Africa; Chrysopogon plumulosus; Sporobolus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34147118966	Rangeland evaluation in the Middle Awash valley of Ethiopia: III. Relationships among soil and vegetation variables	Abule E., Snyman H.A., Smit G.N.	2007	Journal of Arid Environments	70	2	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.01.006	Adami Tulu Research Center, P.O. Box 35, Zeway, Ethiopia; Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Abule, E., Adami Tulu Research Center, P.O. Box 35, Zeway, Ethiopia; Snyman, H.A., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Smit, G.N., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Two neighboring districts inhabited by pastoralists of different ethnic groups in the Middle Awash valley of Ethiopia were studied to make a preliminary investigation of the soil nutrient status and identifying the environmental factors most critical to grass production. Data were collected on soil nutrient status, grass yield (dry matter), percentage bare and covered ground, estimated soil erosion, evapotranspiration tree equivalent (ETTE), and altitude. Sites with saline soil showed high electrical conductance and high pH and low total nitrogen and organic carbon. The results of the correlation matrix and the stepwise multiple regression indicated that grass yield was affected by ETTE ha-1, percentage of bare and covered ground, C:N ratio, pH and available K. Future studies need to include stocking rate as one parameter to determine better relationships among the measured parameters more accurately. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Evapotranspiration tree equivalent; Grass biomass; Organic carbon; Salinity; Soil nutrient status; Total nitrogen	biomass; grass; organic carbon; pH; rangeland; salinity; soil nitrogen; soil nutrient; valley; vegetation dynamics; Africa; Awash Valley; East Africa; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34147158367	Rangeland evaluation in the middle Awash valley of Ethiopia: II. Woody vegetation	Abule E., Snyman H.A., Smit G.N.	2007	Journal of Arid Environments	70	2	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.01.007	Adami Tulu Research Center, P.O. Box 35, Zeway, Ethiopia; Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Abule, E., Adami Tulu Research Center, P.O. Box 35, Zeway, Ethiopia; Snyman, H.A., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Smit, G.N., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Although a few studies have reported an increase of woody plants in the rangelands of Ethiopia during the last few decades, most studies related to the importance of tree canopies have been conducted in lightly grazed areas that have suffered little disturbance. The woody vegetation composition, density, evapotranspiration tree equivalent (ETTE), browse production, browsing capacity and bush encroachment were therefore studied in a part of the Middle Awash Valley of Ethiopia with the objective of determining the condition and contribution of woody vegetation as a source of feed to animals. Accordingly, 7 and 8 rangeland sites in Kereyu-Fantale and Awash-Fantale districts, respectively, were identified. The data collected was analyzed using the Biomass Estimates from Canopy Volume model. The dominant sources of browse and the encroacher woody plants in the study districts were species of Acacia (A. senegal and A. nubica). In both districts, the browse production ranged from as low as 194-3 311 kg ha-1, with most of the leaf dry mass found above the height of 1.5 m. Some of the possible factors contributing to bush encroachment in the study area are heavy grazing pressure, expansion of cultivation and reduced mobility of animals due to many factors. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Browse production; Bush encroachment; Density; Evapotranspiration tree equivalent; Woody species composition	browsing; community composition; population density; rangeland; shrub; valley; woody plant; Africa; Awash Valley; East Africa; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa; Acacia; Acacia nubica; Acacia senegal; Animalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34347353294	The impact of heavy grazing on an ephemeral river system in the succulent karoo, South Africa	Allsopp N., Gaika L., Knight R., Monakisi C., Hoffman M.T.	2007	Journal of Arid Environments	71	1	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.03.001	ARC-LBD: Range and Forage Unit, Private Bag X17 Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Lesley Hill Institute of Plant Conservation, Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa	Allsopp, N., ARC-LBD: Range and Forage Unit, Private Bag X17 Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Gaika, L., Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Knight, R., Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Monakisi, C., Lesley Hill Institute of Plant Conservation, Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa; Hoffman, M.T., Lesley Hill Institute of Plant Conservation, Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa	The impact of long-term high grazing pressure on geomorphological features, plant community composition and cover and soil characteristics of an ephemeral river system in Namaqualand, South Africa, was compared to that of lighter grazing pressure across fencelines which crossed the river system. Under heavy grazing the river system was less braided and a higher proportion of the river width was unvegetated runoff channels. The river system was generally dominated by very sandy soil. However, more silt and organic matter, and less sand were found in soil under plants growing in the river bed. Since vegetation cover was much higher under light grazing, river soil was more fertile when grazing was light. A plant species compositional shift when grazing pressure was high resulted in riparian vegetation which more closely resembled the surrounding rangelands. Graminoid growth forms were encountered more frequently in the lightly grazed river. A rest from grazing of 33 months resulted in increased plant cover in another section of the river system. Heavy grazing alters the physical and soil features of this river system by reducing plant cover. Riparian vegetation, by slowing flow rates and catching light soil particles increases landscape heterogeneity and creates productive sites in the landscape. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Animal-plant interactions; Landscape patches; Livestock impacts; Namaqualand; Resource control; Riparian vegetation	community composition; ephemeral pool; grazing pressure; Karoo Supergroup; landscape; livestock; plant community; plant-herbivore interaction; riparian vegetation; river system; sedge; vegetation cover; Africa; Namaqualand; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Animalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-40949156798	Superiority in competition for light: A crucial attribute defining the impact of the invasive alien tree Schinus molle (Anacardiaceae) in South African savanna	Iponga D.M., Milton S.J., Richardson D.M.	2008	Journal of Arid Environments	72	5	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.10.001	Centre for Invasion Biology, Conservation Ecology Department, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Iponga, D.M., Centre for Invasion Biology, Conservation Ecology Department, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Milton, S.J., Centre for Invasion Biology, Conservation Ecology Department, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Richardson, D.M., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Invasion of ecosystems by woody alien plant species is a widespread phenomenon. Interspecific competition has often been suggested as a mechanism for replacement of one species by another, but this is rarely tested. We investigated the potential of an invasive alien tree to transform vegetation by quantifying the relative abilities of the alien tree Schinus molle and dominant native trees Acacia tortilis and Rhus lancea to compete for light when growing in association within a South African semi-arid savanna. Due to dispersal of its fruits by birds, seedlings of S. molle establish under tree canopies. Using canopy symmetry as an index of ability to compete for light, we found that the alien S. molle consistently out-competes the dominant native tree species. The results also show that pod production of A. tortilis was higher when it grew alone compared to when it grew with S. molle or R. lancea. The percentage of dead branches was higher on A. tortilis trees growing in association with the S. molle. The outcome is that the alien tree will gradually increase in abundance, changing woodland structure and ecosystem processes. Our findings provide evidence for the role of competition in the process of alien plant invasions. We suggest that S. molle, previously considered a benign naturalized species in South Africa, should be declared a noxious weed in some parts of that country. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Biological invasions; Coefficient of tree symmetry (TS); Shade; Symmetry technique; Woodland structure	abundance; angiosperm; biological invasion; dominance; ecosystem structure; interspecific competition; invasive species; light availability; native species; savanna; semiarid region; Africa; Acacia; Acacia tortilis; Anacardiaceae; Aves; Hedera; Lancea; Schinus molle; Searsia lancea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-43849091311	Impact of rangeland degradation on the pastoral production systems, livelihoods and perceptions of the Somali pastoralists in Eastern Ethiopia	Kassahun A., Snyman H.A., Smit G.N.	2008	Journal of Arid Environments	72	7	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.01.002	Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 4406, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Kassahun, A., Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 4406, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Snyman, H.A., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Smit, G.N., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Arid and semi-arid rangelands that serve as the resource basis for the livestock production system known as the pastoral production system in Ethiopia are under enormous threat. These rangelands cover about 62% of the national land area and employs approximately 27% of the population. A survey was conducted in two pastoral weredas (districts; Erer and Aysha) in the Shinile zone of the Somali region, with the aims of assessing the status and trends of rangeland degradation, and understanding the impact on livelihoods and perceptions of the pastoralists over a 60-year period (1944-1974 and 1974-2004). The year 1974 was taken as a reference due to the severe drought in the Horn of Africa. Three villages per wereda, 50 households per village and one elder pastoralist (70-75 years old) per household were randomly selected. The sample of elders consisted of 30% women and 70% men, who were interviewed using questionnaires and open discussions. The results revealed that drought, aridity and rangeland degradation have increased over time due to environmental degradation and mismanagement of rangeland resources. Changes in vegetation ecology have drastically (p<0.05) altered the livestock species composition in favour of camels and small ruminants rather than cattle. This has also influenced the planning and preference of pastoralists for different types of livestock. Poor and very poor households have emerged, and the below-medium wealth rank has disappeared, showing that poverty has increased over time. Traditional coping mechanisms are reported to be failing due to increasing environmental and rangeland degradation and lack of national policies to minimize or solve the problems. These findings offer a new perspective for communal rangeland management research, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Arid and semi-arid; Bush encroachment; Livestock production; Pastoralism; Poverty; Rangeland condition	arid region; cattle; drought; environmental degradation; livestock farming; pastoralism; perception; poverty; rangeland; semiarid region; Africa; Aysha; East Africa; Erer; Ethiopia; Shinile; Somalia; Sub-Saharan Africa; Bos; Bovidae; Camelidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-59049093597	The impact of abandoned pastoral settlements on plant and nutrient succession in an African savanna ecosystem	Muchiru A.N., Western D., Reid R.S.	2009	Journal of Arid Environments	73	3	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.09.018	African Conservation Centre, P.O. Box 62844, Nairobi, Kenya; International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya; Center for Collaborative Conservation, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States	Muchiru, A.N., African Conservation Centre, P.O. Box 62844, Nairobi, Kenya, International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya; Western, D., African Conservation Centre, P.O. Box 62844, Nairobi, Kenya; Reid, R.S., International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya, Center for Collaborative Conservation, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States	We detail the impact of abandoned traditional settlements (or bomas) on plant and nutrient succession in the Amboseli ecosystem, southern Kenya, over the course of a century. Plant and soil data were sampled on and around abandoned settlements. The term, 'onsite', refers to the area within the perimeter fence, 'offsite' to the area up to 200 m beyond the fence. Herbaceous standing biomass onsite increased in the course of succession to peak at twice offsite levels within two decades. Biomass remained elevated for six decades then dropped to the background levels at the limit of sampling distance. Plant species richness onsite increased rapidly in the course of succession, then stabilized on older bomas. Species composition changed throughout succession, with pioneer herbs and grasses giving way to boma-edge species and woody vegetation later in succession. Soil nutrients, including carbon, nitrogen, magnesium and phosphorus, were highly elevated on abandoned settlements. The various nutrients declined at different rates during the course of plant succession. Potassium, phosphorus and magnesium levels remained at twice offsite levels for over a century, creating islands of high fertility and high plant biomass in the savanna landscape. We conclude that the perturbation caused by shifting nomadic settlements creates localized nutrient and plant diversity hotspots in savanna ecosystems that remain distinct from the surrounding savanna for decades, possibly centuries. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Biomass; Nutrient hotspots; Pastoralism; Patch dynamics; Species richness; Wildlife	abandoned land; biomass; pastoralism; patch dynamics; plant; savanna; soil nutrient; species richness; succession; Africa; East Africa; Kenya; Sub-Saharan Africa; Poaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67349248102	Physical impact of grazing by sheep on soil parameters in the Nama Karoo subshrub/grass rangeland of South Africa	du Toit G.v.N., Snyman H.A., Malan P.J.	2009	Journal of Arid Environments	73	9	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.03.013	Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	du Toit, G.v.N., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Snyman, H.A., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Malan, P.J., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	The direct short-term impact of three rates of stocking (4, 8 and 16 small-stock units [SSU] ha-1) was quantified in terms of soil characteristics of arid Nama Karoo vegetation (subshrub/grass). Mature Merino wethers grazed in the experimental plots throughout May in 1995 and 1996 (the plots were not subjected to grazing at any other time). Stocking rate proved inversely related to initial infiltration rate. Light trampling (4 SSU ha-1) loosened the topsoil sufficiently to increase the initial infiltration rate: infiltration capacity of soil in fields stocked at 4 SSU ha-1 and 16 SSU ha-1 was 17% higher and 14% lower respectively than that of soil of ungrazed rangeland over the two grazing periods. Increased soil compaction and greater bulk density due to higher stocking rates significant decreased the infiltration rate. Compared to ungrazed rangeland stocking rates of 4, 8 and 16 SSU ha-1 over the two grazing periods increased bulk density respectively by 2.73%, 6.67% and 8.945% and compaction by 10.90%, 16.78% and 20.90%. No grazing also increased bulk density and soil compaction and decreased infiltration rate. Light stocking (4 SSU ha-1) influenced all soil parameters most favourably. From a hydrologic point of view, grazing levels and rotation schemes need to be tailored for sustainable utilization of arid subshrub/grass vegetation by livestock. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Bulk density; Infiltration rate; Karoo bushes; Soil compaction; Stocking rate	bulk density; compaction; grass; grazing; infiltration; rangeland; sheep; shrub; soil quality; Africa; Karoo; Nama Karoo; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77950023263	Vegetation history and climate fluctuations on a transect along the Dead Sea west shore and their impact on past societies over the last 3500 years	Neumann F.H., Kagan E.J., Leroy S.A.G., Baruch U.	2010	Journal of Arid Environments	74	7	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.04.015	Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Steinmann-Institute for Geology, Mineralogy and Palaeontology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Bernard Price Institute for Palaeontological Research, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa; Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhei Israel Street, Jerusalem, 95501, Israel; Institute of Earth Sciences, Givat Ram, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel; Institute for the Environment, Brunel University, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, West London, United Kingdom; 99 Hashalom street, Mevasseret Ziyyon, 90805, Israel	Neumann, F.H., Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa, Steinmann-Institute for Geology, Mineralogy and Palaeontology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Bernard Price Institute for Palaeontological Research, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa; Kagan, E.J., Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhei Israel Street, Jerusalem, 95501, Israel, Institute of Earth Sciences, Givat Ram, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel; Leroy, S.A.G., Institute for the Environment, Brunel University, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, West London, United Kingdom; Baruch, U., 99 Hashalom street, Mevasseret Ziyyon, 90805, Israel	This study represents the vegetation history of the last 3500 years and conducts an analysis of the climatic fluctuations on a 75 km long transect on the western Dead Sea shore. Palynological and sedimentological data are available from six cores near Mount Sedom, Ein Boqueq, and Ein Gedi and from outcrops near Ze'elim and Ein Feshkha. The comparison of the pollen data with the lake levels shows synchronous trends. During the Middle Bronze Age, Iron Age and Hellenistic to Byzantine Period the high lake level of the Dead Sea signals an increase in precipitation. Contemporaneously, values of cultivated plants indicate an increase in agriculture. Lake level is low during the Late Bronze Age, within the Iron Age and at the end of the Byzantine period, indicating dry periods when all pds show a decrease of cultivated plants. Forest regeneration led by drought-resistant pines is observed in all pollen diagrams (pds) following the agricultural decline in the Byzantine period and, in the pds near Ein Boqeq, Ze'elim and Ein Feshkha, during the late Iron Age. The modern vegetation gradient is reflected in the palaeo-records: a stronger expansion of Mediterranean vegetation and cultivated plants in the northern sites is recognisable. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Holocene; Israel; Palynology; Vegetation transect	agricultural change; climate change; coastal zone; coniferous tree; drought resistance; historical geography; Holocene; paleoenvironment; palynology; precipitation intensity; regeneration; sedimentology; vegetation history; Dead Sea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856013347	Impacts of management and enclosure age on recovery of the herbaceous rangeland vegetation in semi-arid Kenya	Verdoodt A., Mureithi S.M., Van Ranst E.	2010	Journal of Arid Environments	74	9	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2010.03.007	Ghent University, Laboratory of Soil Science (WE13), Krijgslaan 281/S8, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; University of Nairobi, Dept. of Land Resource Management and Agricultural Technology, Range Management Section, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya	Verdoodt, A., Ghent University, Laboratory of Soil Science (WE13), Krijgslaan 281/S8, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; Mureithi, S.M., Ghent University, Laboratory of Soil Science (WE13), Krijgslaan 281/S8, B-9000 Gent, Belgium, University of Nairobi, Dept. of Land Resource Management and Agricultural Technology, Range Management Section, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya; Van Ranst, E., Ghent University, Laboratory of Soil Science (WE13), Krijgslaan 281/S8, B-9000 Gent, Belgium	Establishment of seasonal grazing enclosures has become an important rangeland rehabilitation strategy in semi-arid regions. This study assessed the impact of enclosure age and enclosure management on the vegetation composition in the Njemps Flats range unit, Lake Baringo Basin (Kenya). Six communal enclosures (13-23 years since establishment) and six private enclosures (3-17 years since establishment) were selected. Point-line transect and quadrat-based measurements were made of herbaceous cover, functional group relative abundance and standing crop inside the enclosures and in the adjacent open rangeland. Unpalatable forbs and sedges dominated the herbaceous vegetation of the degraded open rangeland. Informal semi-private land ownership reduced open rangeland degradation as shown by a higher cover of surviving annual grasses. Rangeland enclosure fostered regeneration of annual and perennial grasses, and significantly increased grass cover and standing crop. Private and communal enclosure management were equally successful in rehabilitating grass cover. Standing crop in the communal enclosures was fully recovered, but it was sub-optimal in all private enclosures reflecting recent grazing or grass cutting activities. The variability in rehabilitation success highlights the high potential of individual herders' incentives to promote rangeland rehabilitation but also stresses the importance of more detailed characterisation and monitoring of the enclosure management decisions. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.	Cover; Degradation; Private land ownership; Seed mixtures; Standing crop; Stock control	age; biomass; community composition; environmental degradation; functional group; habitat restoration; herb; management practice; private land; rangeland; regeneration; relative abundance; restoration ecology; semiarid region; vegetation structure; Kenya; Njemps Flats; Rift Valley; Carex; Poaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79958152209	The impact of African elephants on Acacia tortilis woodland in northern Gonarezhou National Park, Zimbabwe	Gandiwa E., Magwati T., Zisadza P., Chinuwo T., Tafangenyasha C.	2011	Journal of Arid Environments	75	9	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.04.017	Scientific Services, Gonarezhou National Park, Parks and Wildlife Management Authority, Private Bag 7003, Chiredzi, Zimbabwe; Mushandike College of Wildlife Management, Parks and Wildlife Management Authority, Private Bag 9036, Masvingo, Zimbabwe; Department of Agriculture, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886 Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa; Geography Department and Environmental Science, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886 Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa	Gandiwa, E., Scientific Services, Gonarezhou National Park, Parks and Wildlife Management Authority, Private Bag 7003, Chiredzi, Zimbabwe; Magwati, T., Mushandike College of Wildlife Management, Parks and Wildlife Management Authority, Private Bag 9036, Masvingo, Zimbabwe; Zisadza, P., Scientific Services, Gonarezhou National Park, Parks and Wildlife Management Authority, Private Bag 7003, Chiredzi, Zimbabwe; Chinuwo, T., Department of Agriculture, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886 Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa; Tafangenyasha, C., Geography Department and Environmental Science, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886 Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa	We investigated the impact of African elephants (Loxodonta africana) on the structure and composition of Acacia tortilis woodland in northern Gonarezhou National Park, southeast Zimbabwe. A. tortilis woodland was stratified into high, medium and low elephant utilisation categories based on evidence of elephant habitat use as determined through dung-count surveys in relation to distance of woodland patches from perennial and natural surface water sources. The following variables were recorded in each study plot: tree height, species name, number of species, plant damage, basal circumference and number of stems per plant. A total of 824 woody plants and 26 woody species were recorded from the sampled A. tortilis woodland patches. Mean tree densities, basal areas, tree heights and species diversity were lower in areas with medium and high elephant utilisation as compared to low elephant utilisation areas. Plants damaged by elephants increased with increasing elephant utilisation. The study findings suggest that A. tortilis woodland is gradually being transformed into an open woodland. We recommended that protected area management in arid and semi-arid areas should consider (i) formulating clear thresholds of potential concern to allow for the conservation of sensitive woodlands such as A. tortilis woodlands and (ii) establishing long-term vegetation monitoring programmes. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	African savanna; Elephant utilisation; Loxodonta africana; Water sources; Woody plants	basal area; community structure; conservation management; damage; ecological impact; elephant; environmental monitoring; habitat use; legume; national park; semiarid region; stem; water availability; woodland; Gonarezhou National Park; Masvingo; Zimbabwe; Acacia; Acacia tortilis; Elephantidae; Loxodonta; Loxodonta africana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874704926	Ecological impact of Prosopis species invasion in Turkwel riverine forest, Kenya	Muturi G.M., Poorter L., Mohren G.M.J., Kigomo B.N.	2013	Journal of Arid Environments	92	None	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2013.01.010	Kenya Forestry Research Institute, P. O. Box 20412, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya; Forest Ecology and Management Group, Wageningen University, P. O. Box 47, AA Wageningen, Netherlands	Muturi, G.M., Kenya Forestry Research Institute, P. O. Box 20412, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya, Forest Ecology and Management Group, Wageningen University, P. O. Box 47, AA Wageningen, Netherlands; Poorter, L., Forest Ecology and Management Group, Wageningen University, P. O. Box 47, AA Wageningen, Netherlands; Mohren, G.M.J., Forest Ecology and Management Group, Wageningen University, P. O. Box 47, AA Wageningen, Netherlands; Kigomo, B.N., Kenya Forestry Research Institute, P. O. Box 20412, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya	The impact of Prosopis species invasion in the Turkwel riverine forest in Kenya was investigated under three contrasting: Acacia, Prosopis and Mixed species (Acacia and Prosopis) canopies. Variation amongst canopies was assessed through soil nutrients and physical properties, tree characteristics and canopy closure. Invasion impact was evaluated by comparing herbaceous species cover and diversity, and occurrence of indigenous tree seedlings. Soil characteristics under Prosopis and Mixed species canopies were similar except in pH and calcium content, and had lower silt and carbon contents than soil under Acacia canopy. Tree density was higher under Prosopis intermediate under Mixed and lower under Acacia canopies. Prosopis trees had lower diameters than Acacia tortilis trees. Diameter classes' distribution in Mixed species canopy revealed invasion of Prosopis into mature A. tortilis stands. Herbaceous species cover and diversity were negatively correlated to Prosopis tree density; thus explaining the lower herbaceous species cover and diversity under Prosopis than under Acacia and Mixed species canopies. The study suggests a gradual conversion of herbaceous rich A. tortilis woodland to herbaceous poor Prosopis species woodland or thickets, through indiscriminate Prosopis invasion. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Acacia tortilis; Herbaceous species cover; Herbs diversity; Soil nutrients	biological invasion; ecological impact; forest canopy; herb; legume; soil nutrient; species diversity; woodland; Kenya	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881234577	Rangeland management impacts on the properties of clayey soils along grazing gradients in the semi-arid grassland biome of South Africa	Kotzé E., Sandhage-Hofmann A., Meinel J.-A., du Preez C.C., Amelung W.	2013	Journal of Arid Environments	97	None	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2013.07.004	Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Inst. of Crop Science and Resource Conservation - Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany	Kotzé, E., Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Sandhage-Hofmann, A., Inst. of Crop Science and Resource Conservation - Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Meinel, J.-A., Inst. of Crop Science and Resource Conservation - Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany; du Preez, C.C., Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Amelung, W., Inst. of Crop Science and Resource Conservation - Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany	The grassland biome of South Africa is a major resource for livestock farming; yet the soils of these rangelands are stressed differently by various management systems. The aim of this study was to investigate how basic soil properties respond to different management systems. For this purpose we sampled rangeland management systems under communal (continuous grazing), commercial (rotational grazing) and land reform (mixture of grazing systems) farming. Within each of these systems a grazing gradient was identified with decreasing grazing pressure with increasing distance to the water points. Results showed that communal farms with continuous grazing were generally depleted in the respective nutrient stocks. The depletion increased with rising grazing pressure. Along that line there was a breakdown of macroaggregates with losses of the C and N stored therein. However, the commercial farms also exhibited a decline of macroaggregates and their associated C content nearby the water points. Aggregate fractionation is a sensitive indicator for detecting the beginning of soil degradation in this biome; yet, degradation was less pronounced under the rotational grazing of the commercial farms than under communal property right conditions. Hence, soil analyses confirm that fences and appropriate grazing periods are needed to manage these rangelands sustainably. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Continuous grazing; Piosphere; Rangeland management systems; Rotational grazing; Soil aggregates; Soil organic matter	aggregate; biome; clay soil; fractionation; grazing pressure; land management; land reform; livestock farming; nutrient budget; rangeland; semiarid region; soil degradation; soil organic matter; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883514870	Impact of soil erosion associated factors on available feed resources for free-ranging cattle at three altitude regions: Measurements and perceptions	Yisehak K., Belay D., Taye T., Janssens G.P.J.	2013	Journal of Arid Environments	98	None	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2013.07.012	College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia; Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heide Straat 19, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium	Yisehak, K., College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia; Belay, D., College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia; Taye, T., College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia; Janssens, G.P.J., Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heide Straat 19, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium	The study was conducted to assess the status and trends of soil erosion and relate the perceptions of farmers on cattle productivity and botanical indicators to measured ecological conditions of rangelands in three altitude regions of southwest Ethiopia. A total of 342 farmers were interviewed. In addition, the ecological condition of rangelands was assessed. Severe soil erosion, ranked as the primary restriction to free-ranging livestock, occurred predominantly in the lower altitude region (LAR) (. P<0.05). More farmers in LAR witnessed an inadequacy of palatable plant biomass, grazable pasture as well as increased gully formation and expansion, which are strong indicators of soil erosion (. P<0.001). In addition to a decrease in grass cover and productivity of cattle, botanical composition, species richness and grazing capacity of herbaceous plants, less fodder trees and shrubs were observed (. P<0.05). There was a corresponding increase in the percentage of bare ground and soil erosion status along the degradation gradients (. P<0.05). The reported shift in botanical composition, and especially encroachment of invading plant species, can be attributed to soil erosion (. P<0.001). The results suggest that erosion is associated with reduced availability of feed resources and is related to altitude variation. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Botanical composition; Cattle; Feed resources; Gilgel Gibe; Overgrazing; Soil erosion	altitude; biomass; cattle; community dynamics; farmers attitude; food availability; nature-society relations; overgrazing; palatability; pasture; perception; productivity; rangeland; soil erosion; Ethiopia; Gilgel Gibe River	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893381062	Monitoring environmental change and degradation in the irrigated oases of the Northern Sahara	King C., Thomas D.S.G.	2014	Journal of Arid Environments	103	None	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2013.12.009	Oxford University Centre for the Environment, United Kingdom; University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; University of Cape Town, South Africa; School of Geography and Environment, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, United Kingdom	King, C., Oxford University Centre for the Environment, United Kingdom; Thomas, D.S.G., University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, University of Cape Town, South Africa, School of Geography and Environment, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, United Kingdom	Salinization caused by irrigation mismanagement is a major cause of desertification. Monitoring of land degradation caused by salinization and other processes has been subject to international scientific debates leading to the commitment by global decision-makers to address these threats collectively through the UNCCD. This paper discusses the experience of monitoring land and water degradation in the salinity-prone irrigated arid environments of the Northern Sahara in light of current international scientific developments affecting both conceptual and methodological approaches.The paper integrates a range of simple and accessible methods to achieve a multidisciplinary analysis including remote sensing, use of national research archives, interviews with decision-makers and direct surveys of cultivators. Revised assessments of the extent and ecological processes of salinization emerge from the analysis. As irrigated areas expand globally, the new conceptual and methodological techniques in dryland development science have the potential to enable scientists in affected areas to contribute to global efforts to monitor degradation effects caused by desiccation, salinity and human responses. © 2014.	Desertification; Dryland development science; Oases; Salinization	decision making; desertification; environmental monitoring; irrigation system; land degradation; nature-society relations; oasis; remote sensing; salinity; salinization; Sahara	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84911860941	Prosopis invasions in South Africa: Population structures and impacts on native tree population stability	Shackleton R.T., Le Maitre D.C., Richardson D.M.	2015	Journal of Arid Environments	114	None	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2014.11.006	Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, P.O. Box 320, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Shackleton, R.T., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Le Maitre, D.C., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa, Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, P.O. Box 320, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Richardson, D.M., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa	Several Prosopis taxa are widespread invaders that have negative impacts on biodiversity and human livelihoods globally. Better knowledge of the impacts and ecology of invasive Prosopis species is required to support and inform management interventions. Prosopis was introduced to South Africa and has become the second most widespread invasive alien plant taxon in the country. We compare population structures of invasive Prosopis populations in different part of South Africa, and quantify the effects of Prosopis invasions on native tree populations using size-class distribution (SCD) curves. Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, regressions, quotients, and Permutation Indices were used to compare size-class distributions and assess population stability. Prosopis population structures differed across South Africa. Those along perennial rivers and areas in the Succulent Karoo biome had fewer juvenile plants. Prosopis in South Africa also has higher recruitment (% juvenile plants) than in other areas like Australia. Prosopis invasions are having a negative effect on the stability of native tree populations in South Africa, and are linked to increased mortality of native trees. Improved management of Prosopis is needed. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Biological invasions; Mesquite; Permutation Index; Size-class distribution; Tree invasions	biodiversity; biological invasion; biome; invasive species; legume; mortality; population structure; recruitment (population dynamics); size distribution; stabilization; Australia; South Africa; Prosopis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881245333	Rock type variability and impact fracture formation: Working towards a more robust macrofracture method	Pargeter J.	2013	Journal of Archaeological Science	40	11	10.1016/j.jas.2013.05.021	Centre for Anthropological Research, University of Johannesburg, South Africa; Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States	Pargeter, J., Centre for Anthropological Research, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States	Investigations into the development of weapon systems are increasingly important in archaeological debates about human evolution and behavioural variability. 'Diagnostic' impact fractures are key, but controversial, lines of evidence commonly used in such investigations. In 2009 a series of experiments was initiated to investigate the processes associated with macrofracture formation specifically focussing on the taphonomic factors affecting the formation of 'diagnostic' impact fractures (DIFs). This paper adds to that experimental data set with macrofracture results from recent knapping experiments investigating rock type variability and DIF formation. These results show that rock type variation plays less of a role in DIF formation than variables related to use and lithic taphonomy. The collective results of this experimental series show that the location, co-occurrence, type and proximity to retouch on a tool are all important means of distinguishing between weapon and non-weapon related DIFs. Collectively these macrofracture patterns are more important in diagnosing weapon components than any one 'diagnostic' impact fracture is alone. Overall, these experimental studies are showing that background 'noise' in the form of non-hunting related impact fractures, exists in many macrofracture results and that much work remains in securing the analytical robusticity of the method. The paper concludes that the macrofracture method is not a stand-alone method, but when used with caution and in conjunction with other lines of evidence it is a useful, time-efficient, tool for generating assemblage-level use-trace data. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Diagnostic impact fractures; Experimental archaeology; Hunting; Knapping; Macrofractures; Rock types; Stone tool replication; Taphonomy; Use-wear	efficiency measurement; experimental study; fracture mechanics; hunting; impact; lithic fragment; lithology; taphonomy; tool use; weapon; wear	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920278542	Kathu Pan 1 points and the assemblage-scale, probabilistic approach: A response to Rots and Plisson, "Projectiles and the abuse of the use-wear method in a search for impact"	Wilkins J., Schoville B.J., Brown K.S., Chazan M.	2015	Journal of Archaeological Science	54	None	10.1016/j.jas.2014.12.003	Institute of Human Origins, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, PO Box 872402, Tempe, AZ, United States; Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, 19 Russell Street, Toronto, ON, Canada	Wilkins, J., Institute of Human Origins, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, PO Box 872402, Tempe, AZ, United States; Schoville, B.J., Institute of Human Origins, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, PO Box 872402, Tempe, AZ, United States; Brown, K.S., Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Chazan, M., Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, 19 Russell Street, Toronto, ON, Canada	Rots and Plisson (2014) question our conclusion that 500,000-year-old points from Kathu Pan 1, South Africa were used as spear tips (Wilkins etal., 2012). However, their reinterpretation of the fractures we identify as diagnostic impact fractures are incorrect. Despite the assertion, knapping processes alone do not explain the basal modifications on the KP1 points. Although Rots and Plisson are critical of the edge damage distribution method, it provides objective, quantitative and statistical comparisons of experimental and archaeological datasets. The data we present stand as reliable evidence for early hafted hunting technology. We suggest that the disagreement stems from a differing perspective on how lithic functional studies should deal with equifinality and the challenge of confidently assessing stone tool function. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Diagnostic impact fractures; Edge damage distribution; Functional analysis; Hafting; Hunting technology; Lithic analysis; Middle stone age; Points; Spears; Use-wear	archaeological evidence; hunting; Mesolithic; probability; tool use; South Africa	BCS-0524087, NSF, National Science Foundation; BCS-1138073, NSF, National Science Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861012376	Impact of the total solar eclipse of 29 March 2006 on the surface energy fluxes at Ibadan, Nigeria	Nymphas E.F., Otunla T.A., Adeniyi M.O., Oladiran E.O.	2012	Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics	80	None	10.1016/j.jastp.2012.02.024	Department of Physics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Nymphas, E.F., Department of Physics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Otunla, T.A., Department of Physics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Adeniyi, M.O., Department of Physics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Oladiran, E.O., Department of Physics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	This paper document the impact of the total solar eclipse (97.4%) of 29 March 2006 on the surface energy fluxes at Ibadan, Nigeria (longitude 4.56°E, latitude 7.55°N), a tropical location. The surface energy (determined by the BREB method) was found to be grossly affected by the eclipse. The latent heat and net radiation (R n) lagged the sensible heat by 11min in totality. The sensible heat lagged the latent heat and R n by 6min before it start to increase after the totality phase of the eclipse, while global radiation (R g) lagged R n by 7min. The sensible heat reversed sign, reaching a value of -1.02Wm -2 during the total phase of the eclipse while the latent heat dropped by 89.7%.All the radiation fluxes (global radiation, R g, net radiation R n, temperature, and soil heat flux) measured during the eclipse event were significantly affected by the sudden 'cut off' of the solar irradiation. There was a 95% decrease in R g, while R n dropped from 354.3Wm -2 to -11.7Wm -2. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.	Energy fluxes; Global radiation; Net radiation; Nigeria; Soil heat flux; Solar eclipse; Solar radiation	Energy fluxes; Global radiation; Net radiation; Nigeria; Soil heat flux; Solar eclipse; Atmospheric radiation; Interfacial energy; Latent heat; Solar energy; Solar radiation; Sun; Heat flux	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-20444480278	Bank privatization and performance: Empirical evidence from Nigeria	Beck T., Cull R., Jerome A.	2005	Journal of Banking and Finance	29	8-9 SPEC. ISS.	10.1016/j.jbankfin.2005.03.018	The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, United States; Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Beck, T., The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, United States; Cull, R., The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, United States; Jerome, A., Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	We assess the effect of privatization on performance in a panel of Nigerian banks for the period 1990-2001. We find evidence of performance improvement in nine banks that were privatized, which is remarkable given the inhospitable environment for true financial intermediation. Our results also suggest negative effects of the continuing minority government ownership on the performance of many Nigerian banks. Finally, our results complement aggregate indications of decreasing financial intermediation over the 1990s; banks that focused on investment in government bonds and non-lending activities enjoyed a relatively better performance. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Bank performance; Bank privatization; Nigeria	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927962459	Collaboration costs and new product development performance	Parker H., Brey Z.	2015	Journal of Business Research	68	7	10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.02.013	Graduate School of Business, University of Cape Town, Portswood Road, Cape Town, South Africa; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, South Africa	Parker, H., Graduate School of Business, University of Cape Town, Portswood Road, Cape Town, South Africa; Brey, Z., Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, South Africa	This study analyzes the relationships between governance in new product development collaboration, collaboration costs, and new product development performance. Data from new technology-based firms indicate that comprehensiveness in formal contractual governance has a stronger negative association with collaboration costs than relational governance does. In addition, collaboration costs relate negatively to new product development performance. This study contributes to understanding transaction costs within collaborative arrangements and the role of relational and formal governance in these arrangements. © 2015 Elsevier Inc.	Alliances; Collaboration; Collaboration costs; Contracts; New product development performance; Relational governance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79551502528	Correlating the preparation and performance of cobalt catalysts supported on carbon nanotubes and carbon spheres in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis	Xiong H., Motchelaho M.A.M., Moyo M., Jewell L.L., Coville N.J.	2011	Journal of Catalysis	278	1	10.1016/j.jcat.2010.11.010	DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa	Xiong, H., DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa, Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; Motchelaho, M.A.M., Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa, School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; Moyo, M., Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa, School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; Jewell, L.L., School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; Coville, N.J., DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa, Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa	A series of Co catalysts supported on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon spheres (CSs) with different cobalt particle sizes (3-45 nm) were prepared by different methods and using different cobalt precursors. The Co/CNTs and Co/CSs can be autoreduced by the supports in N2 at ca. 480 °C; they show better Fischer-Tropsch performance than those reduced in H2 when the reduction T &gt; 400 °C. The turnover frequency (TOF) value for both Co/CNT and Co/CS was constant for cobalt particles above 10 nm and decreased sharply for the cobalt catalysts with smaller cobalt particles. Remarkably, the TOF for 11 catalysts prepared using different precursors and preparation methods on two different carbon supports depends only on particle size. Finally, a positive relationship was observed between cobalt particle size and C5+ selectivity for both Co/CNT and Co/CS catalysts. © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Autoreduction; Carbon nanotubes; Carbon spheres; Cobalt catalysts; Fischer-Tropsch synthesis; Particle size; Selectivity; Turnover frequency	Autoreduction; Carbon spheres; Cobalt catalysts; Selectivity; Turnover frequency; Carbon nanotubes; Catalyst selectivity; Cobalt; Fischer-Tropsch synthesis; Particle size; Spheres; Catalyst supports	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924611129	Functional assessment of elderly patients with hearing impairment: A preliminary evaluation	Sogebi O.A., Oluwole L.O., Mabifah T.O.	2015	Journal of Clinical Gerontology and Geriatrics	6	1	10.1016/j.jcgg.2014.08.004	Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Ogun, Nigeria; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Olabisi Onabanjo Universi	Sogebi, O.A., Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Ogun, Nigeria; Oluwole, L.O., Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Mabifah, T.O., Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria	Background The consequence of hearing impairment in elderly patients may affect daily living activities functions. This study assessed whether hearing impairment (HI) has an effect, and the extent of the effect, on the functionality of elderly patients. It also explored factors that may be associated with impaired functionality in hearing-impaired elderly patients. Methods This was a cross-sectional, comparative study of elderly patients (aged ≥ 60 years) with HI. The study was conducted in a specialist tertiary hospital in a suburban town in southwestern Nigeria. The study participants were administered a structured questionnaire to obtain information on sociodemographics, clinical and audiometric profiles, and functional capabilities relating to physical, cognitive, and emotional functioning. Differences in the functional capabilities between the test patients and the controls were explored using the Student t test and Chi-square test, based on the data generated by statistical software. Results One hundred and thirty individuals (78 test patients, 52 controls), aged 60-94 years (mean ± standard deviation, 71.4 ± 7.4 years) completed the study. In the physical and cognitive domains, the prevalence of functional impairment was 52.6%. Functions were different between hearing-impaired patients and normal hearing elderly patients. The HI patients had associated significant impairment in two domains of functional assessment (χ2 = 10.5, p = 0.001). The factors associated with functional impairment included an age older than 70 years, unmarried status, the presence of combined distressing symptoms, the loss of right ear advantage, the presence of multiple comorbid systemic diseases, and the need for hearing aids. Conclusion Elderly patients with HI have vital functional limitations in daily living activities in Nigeria. The factors associated with the limitations deserve urgent attention. Copyright © 2014, Asia Pacific League of Clinical Gerontology & Geriatrics. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC. All rights reserved.	elderly; function; hearing impairment; limitations; Nigeria	adult; aged; aging; Article; audiometry; cognition; comorbidity; comparative study; controlled study; cross-sectional study; daily life activity; demography; diabetes mellitus; education; emotion; female; frail elderly; functional assessment; functional disease; hearing aid; hearing impairment; human; hypertension; knee osteoarthritis; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; prevalence; priority journal; single (marital status); structured questionnaire; symptom; tinnitus; vertigo; very elderly	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-20344400117	Determination of midazolam and its major metabolite 1′- hydroxymidazolam by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry in plasma from children	Muchohi S.N., Ward S.A., Preston L., Newton C.R.J.C., Edwards G., Kokwaro G.O.	2005	Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences	821	1	10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.03.015	Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 43640, 00100 GPO, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, P.O. Box 230, 80108-Kilifi, Kenya; Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology Research Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, L3 5QA Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, L69 3GE Liverpool, United Kingdom; Neurosciences Unit, Institute for Child Health, University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya	Muchohi, S.N., Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 43640, 00100 GPO, Nairobi, Kenya, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, P.O. Box 230, 80108-Kilifi, Kenya; Ward, S.A., Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology Research Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, L3 5QA Liverpool, United Kingdom, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, L69 3GE Liverpool, United Kingdom; Preston, L., Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology Research Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, L3 5QA Liverpool, United Kingdom; Newton, C.R.J.C., Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, P.O. Box 230, 80108-Kilifi, Kenya, Neurosciences Unit, Institute for Child Health, University of London, London, United Kingdom; Edwards, G., Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology Research Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, L3 5QA Liverpool, United Kingdom, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, L69 3GE Liverpool, United Kingdom; Kokwaro, G.O., Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 43640, 00100 GPO, Nairobi, Kenya, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, P.O. Box 230, 80108-Kilifi, Kenya, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya	We have developed a sensitive, selective and reproducible reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) for the simultaneous quantification of midazolam (MDZ) and its major metabolite, 1′-hydroxymidazolam (1′-OHM) in a small volume (200 μl) of human plasma. Midazolam, 1′-OHM and 1′-chlordiazepoxide (internal standard) were extracted from alkalinised (pH 9.5) spiked and clinical plasma samples using a single step liquid-liquid extraction with 1-chlorobutane. The chromatographic separation was performed on a reversed-phase HyPURITY™ Elite C18 (5 μm particle size; 100 mm × 2.1 mm i.d.) analytical column using an acidic (pH 2.8) mobile phase (water-acetonitrile; 75:25% (v/v) containing formic acid (0.1%, v/v)) delivered at a flow-rate of 200 μl/min. The mass spectrometer was operated in the positive ion mode at the protonated-molecular ions [M + l] + of parent drug and metabolite. Calibration curves in spiked plasma were linear (r2 ≥ 0.99) from 15 to 600 ng/ml (MDZ) and 5-200 ng/ml (1′-OHM). The limits of detection and quantification were 2 and 5 ng/ml, respectively, for both MDZ and 1′-OHM. The mean relative recoveries at 40 and 600 ng/ml (MDZ) were 79.4 ± 3.1% (n = 6) and 84.2 ± 4.7% (n = 8), respectively; for 1′-OHM at 30 and 200 ng/ml the values were 89.9 ± 7.2% (n = 6) and 86.9 ± 5.6% (n = 8), respectively. The intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) for MDZ were less than 8%, and for 1′-OHM were less than 13%. There was no interference from other commonly used antimalarials, antipyretic drugs and antibiotics. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of MDZ and 1′-OHM in children with severe malaria and convulsions following administration of MDZ either intravenously (i.v.) or intramuscularly (i.m.). © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	1′-Hydroxymidazolam; Midazolam; Pharmacokinetics in children	Assays; Drug products; Ionization; Mass spectrometry; Metabolites; Solvent extraction; Antimalarials; Electrospray ionization (ESI); Midazolam; Protonated molecular ions; High performance liquid chromatography; 1' chlordiazepoxide; alpha hydroxymidazolam; analgesic agent; antibiotic agent; anticonvulsive agent; antimalarial agent; antipyretic agent; artesunate; ceftriaxone; chloramphenicol; chlordiazepoxide; chloroquine; cycloguanil; deethylchloroquine; midazolam; midazolam maleate; paracetamol; penicillin G; proguanil; pyrimethamine; quinine; salicylic acid; sulfadoxine; unclassified drug; accuracy; alkalinity; analytic method; anticonvulsant activity; antimalarial activity; article; blood sampling; child; controlled study; device; drug blood level; drug determination; drug isolation; electrospray mass spectrometry; high performance liquid chromatography; human; liquid liquid extraction; malaria; priority journal; reliability; seizure; Anticonvulsants; Child; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Humans; Kenya; Malaria, Falciparum; Midazolam; Reproducibility of Results; Seizures; Sensitivity and Specificity; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-24044440115	Determination of lorazepam in plasma from children by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection	Muchohi S.N., Obiero K., Kokwaro G.O., Ogutu B.R., Githiga I.M., Edwards G., Newton C.R.J.C.	2005	Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences	824	02-Jan	10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.07.040	Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 43640, 00100 GPO, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), P.O. Box 230, 80108 Kilifi, Kenya; Walter Reed Project/KEMRI Centre for Clinical Research, New Nyanza Provincial General Hospital, P.O. Box 54, Kisumu, Kenya; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology Research Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, L3 5QA Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, L69 3GE Liverpool, United Kingdom; Neurosciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University of London, London, United Kingdom	Muchohi, S.N., Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 43640, 00100 GPO, Nairobi, Kenya, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), P.O. Box 230, 80108 Kilifi, Kenya; Obiero, K., Walter Reed Project/KEMRI Centre for Clinical Research, New Nyanza Provincial General Hospital, P.O. Box 54, Kisumu, Kenya; Kokwaro, G.O., Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 43640, 00100 GPO, Nairobi, Kenya, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), P.O. Box 230, 80108 Kilifi, Kenya, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Ogutu, B.R., Walter Reed Project/KEMRI Centre for Clinical Research, New Nyanza Provincial General Hospital, P.O. Box 54, Kisumu, Kenya; Githiga, I.M., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Edwards, G., Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology Research Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, L3 5QA Liverpool, United Kingdom, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, L69 3GE Liverpool, United Kingdom; Newton, C.R.J.C., Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), P.O. Box 230, 80108 Kilifi, Kenya, Neurosciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University of London, London, United Kingdom	A simple, sensitive, selective, and reproducible reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with UV detection was developed for the determination of lorazepam (LZP) in human plasma, using oxazepam (OZP) as internal standard. LZP and OZP were extracted from alkalinized (pH 9.5) spiked and clinical plasma samples using a single step liquid-liquid extraction with a mixture of n-hexane-dichloromethane (70:30%; v/v). Chromatographic separation was performed on a reversed-phase Synergi ® Max RP analytical column (150 mm × 4.6 mm i.d.; 4 μm particle size), using an aqueous mobile phase (10 mM KH2PO 4 buffer (pH 2.4)-acetonitrile; 65:35%, v/v) delivered at a flow-rate of 2.5 ml/min. Retention times for OZP and LZP were 10.2 and 11.9 min, respectively. Calibration curves were linear from 10 to 300 ng with correlation coefficients (r2) better than 0.99. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 2.5 and 10 ng/ml, respectively, using 0.5 ml samples. The mean relative recoveries at 20 and 300 ng/ml were 84.1 ± 5.5% (n = 6) and 72.4 ± 5.9% (n = 7), respectively; for OZP at 200 ng the value was 68.2 ± 6.8% (n = 14). The intra-assay relative standard deviations (R.S.D.) at 20, 150 and 270 ng/ml of LZP were 7.8%, 9.8% (n = 7 in all cases) and 6.6% (n = 8), respectively. The inter-assay R.S.D. at the above concentrations were 15.9%, 7.7% and 8.4% (n = 7 in all cases), respectively. Intra- and inter-assay accuracy data were within the acceptance interval of ±20% of the nominal values. There was no interference from other commonly co-administered anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, antipyretic, and antimalarial drugs. The method has been successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of LZP in children with severe malaria and convulsions following administration of a single intravenous dose (0.1 mg/kg body weight) of LZP.	Analysis in plasma; Children; High-performance liquid chromatography; Lorazepam; Pharmacokinetics	Bioassay; Concentration (process); Drug products; High performance liquid chromatography; Pharmacokinetics; Plasmas; Separation; Solvent extraction; Analysis in plasma; Children; Lorazepam; Oxazepam (OZP); Ultraviolet detectors; acetonitrile; analgesic agent; anticonvulsive agent; antiinfective agent; antimalarial agent; antipyretic agent; artesunate; buffer; chloramphenicol; chloramphenicol hemisuccinate; chloroquine; cycloguanil; diazepam; dichloromethane; fosphenytoin sodium; gentamicin; hexane; lorazepam; midazolam; oxazepam; paracetamol; penicillin G; phenobarbital; phenytoin; potassium derivative; proguanil; pyrimethamine; quinine; salicylic acid; sulfadoxine; accuracy; alkalinity; article; calibration; child; controlled study; correlation coefficient; drug blood level; drug determination; drug isolation; flow rate; human; liquid liquid extraction; particle size; priority journal; reproducibility; reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography; ultraviolet radiation; Anticonvulsants; Calibration; Child; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Lorazepam; Reproducibility of Results; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Artesunate; Cinchona pubescens	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78651261752	Determination of ciprofloxacin in human plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection: Application to a population pharmacokinetics study in children with severe malnutrition	Muchohi S.N., Thuo N., Karisa J., Muturi A., Kokwaro G.O., Maitland K.	2011	Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences	879	2	10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.11.032	Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), P.O. Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676-00202 (KNH), Nairobi, Kenya; African Centre for Clinical Trials, P.O. Box 2288-00202 (KNH), Nairobi, Kenya; Consortium for National Health Research, P.O. Box 29832-00202 (KNH), Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and The Wellcome Trust Centre for Clinical Tropical Medicine, Imperial College, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom	Muchohi, S.N., Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), P.O. Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya; Thuo, N., Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), P.O. Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya; Karisa, J., Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), P.O. Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya; Muturi, A., Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), P.O. Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya; Kokwaro, G.O., Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), P.O. Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676-00202 (KNH), Nairobi, Kenya, African Centre for Clinical Trials, P.O. Box 2288-00202 (KNH), Nairobi, Kenya, Consortium for National Health Research, P.O. Box 29832-00202 (KNH), Nairobi, Kenya; Maitland, K., Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), P.O. Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and The Wellcome Trust Centre for Clinical Tropical Medicine, Imperial College, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom	Clinical pharmacokinetic studies of ciprofloxacin require accurate and precise measurement of plasma drug concentrations. We describe a rapid, selective and sensitive HPLC method coupled with fluorescence detection for determination of ciprofloxacin in human plasma. Internal standard (IS; sarafloxacin) was added to plasma aliquots (200μL) prior to protein precipitation with acetonitrile. Ciprofloxacin and IS were eluted on a Synergi Max-RP analytical column (150mm×4.6mm i.d., 5μm particle size) maintained at 40°C. The mobile phase comprised a mixture of aqueous orthophosphoric acid (0.025M)/methanol/acetonitrile (75/13/12%, v/v/v); the pH was adjusted to 3.0 with triethylamine. A fluorescence detector (excitation/emission wavelength of 278/450nm) was used. Retention times for ciprofloxacin and IS were approximately 3.6 and 7.0min, respectively. Calibration curves of ciprofloxacin were linear over the concentration range of 0.02-4μg/mL, with correlation coefficients (r2)≥0.998. Intra- and inter-assay relative standard deviations (SD) were &lt;8.0% and accuracy values ranged from 93% to 105% for quality control samples (0.2, 1.8 and 3.6μg/mL). The mean (SD) extraction recoveries for ciprofloxacin from spiked plasma at 0.08, 1.8 and 3.6μg/mL were 72.8±12.5% (n=5), 83.5±5.2% and 77.7±2.0%, respectively (n=8 in both cases). The recovery for IS was 94.5±7.9% (n=15). The limits of detection and quantification were 10ng/mL and 20ng/mL, respectively. Ciprofloxacin was stable in plasma for at least one month when stored at -15°C to -25°C and -70°C to -90°C. This method was successfully applied to measure plasma ciprofloxacin concentrations in a population pharmacokinetics study of ciprofloxacin in malnourished children. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.	Ciprofloxacin; HPLC fluorescence detection; Plasma; Protein precipitation; Validation	Analytical columns; Calibration curves; Ciprofloxacin; Clinical pharmacokinetics; Concentration ranges; Correlation coefficient; Extraction recovery; Fluorescence detection; Fluorescence detector; HPLC method; HPLC-fluorescence detection; Human plasmas; Internal standards; Limits of detection; Mobile phase; Orthophosphoric acids; Plasma drug concentration; Population pharmacokinetics; Precise measurements; Protein precipitation; Relative standard deviations; Retention time; Triethylamines; Validation; Acetonitrile; Detectors; Fluorescence; Liquid chromatography; Pharmacokinetics; Phosphoric acid; Plasma (human); Plasmas; Proteins; Recovery; Antibiotics; acetonitrile; ciprofloxacin; methanol; nordifloxacin; phosphoric acid; triethylamine; unclassified drug; vetranal; accuracy; acidity; article; child; correlation coefficient; disease severity; drug blood level; drug determination; excitation; fluorescence; high performance liquid chromatography; human; limit of detection; major clinical study; malnutrition; particle size; plasma; precipitation; priority journal; quality control; Child; Child Nutrition Disorders; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Stability; Humans; Least-Squares Analysis; Malnutrition; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Spectrometry, Fluorescence	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903513630	The impact of exogenous ω-6 and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the induced production of pro- and anti-inflammatory prostaglandins and leukotrienes in Atlantic salmon head kidney cells using a full factorial design and LC-MS/MS	Araujo P., Lucena E., Yang Y., Ceemala B., Mengesha Z., Holen E.	2014	Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences	964	None	10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.01.018	National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), PO Box 2029 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway; Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela; Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; Department of Industrial Chemistry, Bahir Dar University, PO Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia	Araujo, P., National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), PO Box 2029 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway; Lucena, E., National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), PO Box 2029 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway, Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela; Yang, Y., National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), PO Box 2029 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway, Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; Ceemala, B., National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), PO Box 2029 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway; Mengesha, Z., National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), PO Box 2029 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway, Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, N-5020 Bergen, Norway, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Bahir Dar University, PO Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Holen, E., National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), PO Box 2029 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway	The production of prostaglandins (PGE2, PGE3) and leukotrienes (LTB4, LTB5) in salmon head kidney cell cultures, exposed to different combinations of 20:4ω-6, 20:5ω-3 and 22:6ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), was evaluated by means of a two level factorial design and LC-MS/MS. The method was selective for the pro- and anti-inflammatory analytes and their corresponding stable-isotope labelled internal standards. The regression models were linear over the concentration range 0.5-150ng/ml with limits of detection of 0.25ng/ml and quantification of 0.40ng/ml for the analysed metabolites. The recovery ranged from 78 to 107% for prostaglandins and 73 to 115% for leukotrienes. The analysis of the samples exposed to different combinations of PUFAs revealed that the presence of single ω-3 PUFAs brought an enhancement of the metabolites from the lipooxygenase pathway, specially LTB4, and a reduction of the metabolites from the cyclooxygenase pathway (PGE2 and PGE3), while the two-term interactions generated the opposite effect (high concentration of prostaglandins and low concentrations of leukotrienes). To our knowledge, this is the first implementation of a fully crossed design for investigating the impact of ω-6 and ω-3 PUFAs on the production of eicosanoids not only through their individual but also through their combined effects on Atlantic salmon head kidney cells. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Eicosanoids; Experimental design; Leukotrienes; Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Prostaglandins; Salmon head kidney cell cultures	Biomolecules; Design of experiments; Isotopes; Liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Metabolites; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Regression analysis; Eicosanoids; Leukotrienes; Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; Prostaglandins; Salmon heads; Cell culture; icosanoid; leukotriene B4; leukotriene B5; lipoxygenase; omega 3 fatty acid; omega 6 fatty acid; prostaglandin E2; prostaglandin E3; prostaglandin synthase; leukotriene; omega 3 fatty acid; omega 6 fatty acid; prostaglandin; animal cell; article; Atlantic salmon; cell culture; controlled study; factorial design; head kidney; incubation time; intervention study; isotope labeling; kidney cell; limit of detection; liquid chromatography; metabolite; nonhuman; priority journal; tandem mass spectrometry; animal; Atlantic salmon; chemistry; evaluation study; head kidney; liquid chromatography; metabolism; procedures; tandem mass spectrometry; Salmo salar; Animals; Chromatography, Liquid; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Fatty Acids, Omega-6; Head Kidney; Leukotrienes; Limit of Detection; Prostaglandins; Salmo salar; Tandem Mass Spectrometry	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920913660	Isolation of α-linolenic acid biohydrogenation products by combined silver ion solid phase extraction and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography	Turner T.D., Meadus W.J., Mapiye C., Vahmani P., López-Campos Ó., Duff P., Rolland D.C., Church J.S., Dugan M.E.R.	2015	Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences	980	None	10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.11.038	Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C and E Trail, Lacombe, AB, Canada; Thompson Rivers University, 900 McGill Road, Kamloops, BC, Canada; Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, P. Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Livestock Gentec, 1400 College Plaza 8215 112 Street, Edmonton, AB, Canada	Turner, T.D., Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C and E Trail, Lacombe, AB, Canada, Thompson Rivers University, 900 McGill Road, Kamloops, BC, Canada; Meadus, W.J., Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C and E Trail, Lacombe, AB, Canada; Mapiye, C., Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, P. Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Vahmani, P., Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C and E Trail, Lacombe, AB, Canada; López-Campos, Ó., Livestock Gentec, 1400 College Plaza 8215 112 Street, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Duff, P., Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C and E Trail, Lacombe, AB, Canada; Rolland, D.C., Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C and E Trail, Lacombe, AB, Canada; Church, J.S., Thompson Rivers University, 900 McGill Road, Kamloops, BC, Canada; Dugan, M.E.R., Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C and E Trail, Lacombe, AB, Canada	Polyunsaturated fatty acids typically found in cattle feed include linoleic (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA). In the rumen, microbes metabolize these resulting in the formation of biohydrogenation products (BHP), which can be incorporated into meat and milk. Bioactivities of LA-BHP, including conjugated linoleic acid (cis (c) 9,trans (t) 11-18:2 and t10,c12-18:2) and trans fatty acid isomers (t9-, t10- and t11-18:1) have been investigated, but effects of several BHP unique to ALA have not been extensively studied, and most ALA-BHP are not commercially available. The objective of the present research was to develop methods to purify and collect ALA-BHP using silver ion (Ag+) chromatography in sufficient quantities to allow for convenient bioactivity testing in cell culture. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) were prepared from perirenal adipose tissue from a cow enriched with ALA-BHP by feeding flaxseed. These were applied to Ag+-solid phase extraction, and eluted with hexane with increasing quantities of acetone (1, 2, 10, 20%) or acetonitrile (2%) to pre-fractionate FAME based on degree of unsaturation and double bond configuration. Fractions were collected, concentrated and applied to semi-preparative Ag+-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the isolation and collection of purified isomers, which was accomplished using isocratic elutions with hexane containing differing amounts of acetonitrile (from 0.015 to 0.075%). Purified trans-18:1 isomers collected ranged in purity from 88 to 99%. Purity of the ALA-BHP dienes collected, including c9,t13-18:2, t11,c15-18:2 and t10,c15-18:2, exceeded 90%, while purification of other dienes may require the use of other complementary procedures (e.g. reverse phase HPLC). © 2014.	Ag+-HPLC; Ag+-SPE; Biohydrogenation; α-Linolenic acid	Acetone; Acetonitrile; Bioactivity; Cell culture; Chromatography; Extraction; Hexane; High performance liquid chromatography; Isomers; Linoleic acid; Liquid chromatography; Liquids; Metal ions; Olefins; Phase separation; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Purification; Alpha linolenic acids; Biohydrogenation; Conjugated linoleic acid; Degree of unsaturations; Fatty acid methyl ester; Linolenic acids; Semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatographies; Solid-phase extraction; Fatty acids; acetone; acetonitrile; conjugated linoleic acid; fatty acid ester; hexane; linolenic acid; silver; trans fatty acid; linolenic acid; adipose tissue; animal cell; animal tissue; Article; biological activity; concentration (parameters); controlled study; cow; fractionation; high performance liquid chromatography; hydrogenation; isomer; linseed; nonhuman; priority journal; solid phase extraction; high performance liquid chromatography; isolation and purification; procedures; solid phase extraction; Bos; alpha-Linolenic Acid; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; Solid Phase Extraction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-41249100615	Evaluation of a Novel Slow-Release Paclitaxel-Eluting Stent With a Bioabsorbable Polymeric Surface Coating	Jabara R., Chronos N., Conway D., Molema W., Robinson K.	2008	JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions	1	1	10.1016/j.jcin.2007.11.009	Saint Joseph's Cardiovascular Research Institute/Saint Joseph's Hospital of Atlanta, GA, United States; DISA Vascular Ltd., Cape Town, South Africa	Jabara, R., Saint Joseph's Cardiovascular Research Institute/Saint Joseph's Hospital of Atlanta, GA, United States; Chronos, N., Saint Joseph's Cardiovascular Research Institute/Saint Joseph's Hospital of Atlanta, GA, United States; Conway, D., DISA Vascular Ltd., Cape Town, South Africa; Molema, W., DISA Vascular Ltd., Cape Town, South Africa; Robinson, K., Saint Joseph's Cardiovascular Research Institute/Saint Joseph's Hospital of Atlanta, GA, United States	Objectives: We sought to evaluate a new second-generation drug-eluting stent (DES), comprising a slow-release biodegradable polylactide coglycolide (PLGA) polymer and low-dose paclitaxel on a thin-strut cobalt chromium stent platform, in a clinically relevant animal model. Background: Our previous work demonstrated subacute vascular toxicity and necrosis triggering late excess neointima in pig coronaries, with a moderate paclitaxel dose eluted from an erodible polymer. The use of slower-releasing absorbable polymers with lower doses of paclitaxel is expected to minimize such adverse outcomes. Methods: Three types of stents were implanted in pig coronary arteries using quantitative coronary angiography to optimize stent apposition: bare-metal stents (BMS); absorbable, slow-release polymer-coated-only stents (POLY); and absorbable polymer-based paclitaxel-eluting stents (PACL). The dose density of paclitaxel was 0.15 μg/mm2 with in vitro studies demonstrating a gradual elution over the course of 12 to 16 weeks. Animals underwent angiographic restudy and were terminated at 1 and 3 months for complete histopathologic and histomorphometric analyses. Results: At 1 month, intimal thickness varied significantly according to stent type, with the lowest level for the PACL group compared with the BMS and POLY groups (0.06 ± 0.02 mm vs. 0.17 ± 0.07 mm, 0.17 ± 0.08 mm, respectively, p &lt; 0.001); histological percent area stenosis was 18 ± 4% for PACL compared with 27 ± 7% for BMS and 30 ± 12% for POLY, respectively (p = 0.001). At 3 months, PACL showed similar neointimal thickness as BMS and POLY (0.09 ± 0.05 mm vs. 0.13 ± 0.10 mm and 0.11 ± 0.03 mm respectively, p = 0.582). Histological percent area stenosis was 23 ± 8% for PACL versus 23 ± 11% for BMS and 23 ± 2% for POLY, respectively (p = 1.000). Conclusions: This study shows favorable vascular compatibility and efficacy for a novel DES that elutes paclitaxel in porcine coronary arteries. These results support the notion that slowing the release rate and lowering the dose of paclitaxel favorably influences the vascular biological response to DES implant, decreasing early toxicity and promoting stable healing while still suppressing neointima formation. © 2008 American College of Cardiology Foundation.	None	acetylsalicylic acid; chromium; clopidogrel; cobalt; heparin; metal; paclitaxel; polyglactin; polymer; acute toxicity; angiocardiography; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; artery intima proliferation; article; biocompatibility; biodegradability; biological activity; bleeding; blood vessel compliance; controlled drug release; controlled study; coronary artery; drug efficacy; drug eluting stent; elution; heart catheterization; heparinization; histopathology; in vitro study; low drug dose; material coating; morphometrics; nonhuman; preoperative care; priority journal; quantitative analysis; stenosis; vascular necrosis; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Coronary Disease; Coronary Vessels; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Carriers; Drug-Eluting Stents; Lactic Acid; Paclitaxel; Polyglycolic Acid; Prosthesis Design; Swine	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897498406	Composite nanofibers prepared from metallic iron nanoparticles and polyaniline: High performance for water treatment applications	Bhaumik M., Choi H.J., McCrindle R.I., Maity A.	2014	Journal of Colloid and Interface Science	425	None	10.1016/j.jcis.2014.03.031	Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, South Korea; Smart Polymers Group, Polymers and Composites, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Civil and Chemical Engineering, University of South Africa (UNISA), South Africa	Bhaumik, M., Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa; Choi, H.J., Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, South Korea; McCrindle, R.I., Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa; Maity, A., Smart Polymers Group, Polymers and Composites, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Civil and Chemical Engineering, University of South Africa (UNISA), South Africa	Presented here is a simple preparation of metallic iron nanoparticles, supported on polyaniline nanofibers at room temperature. The preparation is based on polymerization of interconnected nanofibers by rapid mixing of the aniline monomer with Fe(III) chloride as the oxidant, followed by reductive deposition of Fe0 nanoparticles, using the polymerization by-products as the Fe precursor. The morphology and other physico-chemical properties of the resulting composite were characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and vibrating-sample magnetometry. The composite fibers were 80-150nm in diameter and exhibited the expected ferromagnetic behavior. The composite rapidly and efficiently removed As(V), Cr(VI), and also Congo red dye, from aqueous solutions suggesting their usefulness for removal of toxic materials from wastewater. The composite fibers have high capacity for toxin removal: 42.37mg/g of As(V), 434.78mg/g of Cr(VI), and 243.9mg/g of Congo red. The fibers are easily recovered from fluids by exploiting their ferromagnetic properties. © 2014 Elsevier Inc.	Adsorption; Arsenic(V); Chromium(VI); Composites; Congo red; Isotherm; Kinetics; Nanofibers; Polyaniline	Adsorption; Azo dyes; Chlorine compounds; Chromium compounds; Composite materials; Enzyme kinetics; Ferromagnetic materials; Ferromagnetism; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Isotherms; Nanoparticles; Photoelectrons; Polyaniline; Polymerization; Toxic materials; Transmission electron microscopy; X ray diffraction; X ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Arsenic (v); Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method; Congo red; Ferromagnetic behaviors; Ferromagnetic properties; Physicochemical property; Scanning and transmission electron microscopy; Vibrating sample magnetometry; Nanofibers; aniline; arsenic; chromium; congo red; ferrous chloride; iron; monomer; nanofiber; nanoparticle; oxygen; polyaniline; adsorption; aqueous solution; article; decolorization; infrared spectroscopy; isoelectric point; magnetometry; moisture; oxidation; pH; physical chemistry; polymerization; priority journal; reaction time; room temperature; scanning electron microscopy; surface property; transmission electron microscopy; water treatment; X ray diffraction; X ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Adsorption; Azo Compounds; Chlorine Compounds; Chromium Compounds; Dyes; Fourier Analysis; Infrared Spectroscopy; Isotherms; Magnetic Materials; Photoelectrons; Polymerization; Transmission Electron Microscopy; X Ray Diffraction	None
None	None	The environmental and socio-economic impacts of mining on local livelihoods in Tanzania: A case study of Geita District	Kitula A.G.N.	2006	Journal of Cleaner Production	14	42433	10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.01.012	Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3187, Morogoro, Tanzania	Kitula, A.G.N., Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3187, Morogoro, Tanzania	This paper reports the findings of a study undertaken to assess the socio-economic and environmental impacts of mining in Geita District, Tanzania. In addition to sampling community perceptions of mining activities, the study prescribes interventions that can assist in mitigating the negative impacts of mining. Marked environmental and interrelated socio-economic improvements can be achieved within regional artisanal gold mines if the government provides technical support to local operators, regulations are improved, and illegal mining activity is reduced. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Geita District; Gold mining; Local people; Mining activities; Socio-economic	Economic and social effects; Environmental impact; Gold mines; Mining laws and regulations; Geita district; Local people; Mining activities; Mining	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33748927816	Electricity sector reform in Mozambique: a projection into the poverty and social impacts	Nhete T.D.	2007	Journal of Cleaner Production	15	2	10.1016/j.jclepro.2005.11.058	Infrastructure Services, Intermediate Technology Development Group (ITDG) Southern Africa, 4 Ludlow Road, Newlands, Harare, Zimbabwe	Nhete, T.D., Infrastructure Services, Intermediate Technology Development Group (ITDG) Southern Africa, 4 Ludlow Road, Newlands, Harare, Zimbabwe	The Government of Mozambique, in step with global trends, has embarked on a process of regulatory and structural reform of its electricity sector with support from the World Bank. The reform which is part of the Energy Reform and Access Programme (ERAP) aims to increase efficiency of the electricity distribution services, as well as expand access mainly in the urban and peri-urban areas. This paper takes a closer look at the basis for the reform, as well as a projection into the likely poverty and social impacts of this process on the poor. The paper draws mainly from secondary literature from Latin America, Africa and Asia to compare and contrast the presence of needed critical success factors from past experiences, if the reform is to deliver on its objectives. In conclusion, the paper makes recommendations on how the process could be adjusted to deliver on poverty and social objectives in line with the government framework, as set out in the Action Plan for the Reduction of Absolute Poverty (PARPA 2001-2005). © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Electricity sector reform; Mozambique; Poverty	Electric power distribution; Energy policy; Regulatory compliance; Social aspects; Strategic planning; Urban planning; Electricity sector reform; Energy Reform and Access Programme (ERAP); Mozambique; Poverty; Electricity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-48749112976	Environmental impacts of cocoa production and processing in Ghana: life cycle assessment approach	Ntiamoah A., Afrane G.	2008	Journal of Cleaner Production	16	16	10.1016/j.jclepro.2007.11.004	Chemical Engineering Department, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Koforidua Polytechnic, Koforidua, Ghana	Ntiamoah, A., Chemical Engineering Department, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Afrane, G., Koforidua Polytechnic, Koforidua, Ghana	Ghana is the world's second largest producer of cocoa beans. In addition to exporting raw cocoa beans, the country also processes some of its beans into finished and semi-finished cocoa products for both the local and international markets. This paper is aimed at providing a comprehensive picture of the environmental impacts associated with cocoa production and processing in Ghana by applying the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The analysis considered the entire system required to produce and process 1 kg of cocoa bean. It included the extraction of raw materials (e.g. fossil fuels, minerals), the production of farming inputs (e.g. fertilizers and pesticides) and all agricultural operations in the field (e.g. tillage, fertilizer and pesticides application, harvest, etc.). Transportation of beans to processing factory and industrial processing of the beans into cocoa butter, liquor, cake and powder were also included. The study was conducted in accordance with the international ISO procedural framework for performing LCA in the ISO 14040-14043 series. The overall environmental impacts resulting from cocoa production and processing activities and improvement options towards the sustainability of the system studied are presented and discussed. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Environmental impacts; Ghanaian cocoa industry; Life cycle assessment; Sustainability	Agricultural chemicals; Agricultural machinery; Beverages; Energy resources; Environmental impact; Extraction; Fertilizers; Food processing; Fossil fuel power plants; Fossil fuels; Garnets; International trade; Minerals; Pesticides; Raw materials; Silicate minerals; Spraying; Sulfate minerals; Tropical engineering; Agricultural operations; Cocoa beans; Cocoa butter; Entire system; Industrial processing; International (CO); International markets; Life cycle assessment (LCA)); Life cycle; Theobroma; Theobroma cacao	None
WoS	WOS:000277529200009	Monitoring environmental management at primary schools in South Africa	Craenhals, Eric,Hens, Luc,Raath, Schalk,Renders, Paul,Richter, Barry,Stone, Riana,Wiedemann, Torsten	2010	JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION	18	7	10.1016/j.jclepro.2009.11.001	Free University of Brussels, Siemens AG, Tshwane University of Technology, Flemish Govt, Museum Pk Enviro Ctr	"Craenhals, Eric: Siemens AG","Hens, Luc: Free University of Brussels","Renders, Paul: Siemens AG","Stone, Riana: Tshwane University of Technology","Wiedemann, Torsten: Free University of Brussels",	With the aid of universities Environmental Management Systems (EMSs) were developed and implemented in 39 primary schools in Northern Gauteng and Southern Limpopo Provinces, South Africa in 2005. Between 2006 and 2008, the assisting universities monitored the implementation process to evaluate the progress the schools made in environmental management and performance. The monitoring results exposed the main parameters, which lead to an improvement of the environmental performance of the schools. These results can be used to improve the process of EMS implementation in the future. This paper presents the monitoring results and discusses the correlations between the different managerial aspects on the one hand and the environmental performances on the other hand. The major observations were: a) The elaboration of the managerial aspects seems to evolve in a similar way at the different schools, independent from the social-economic type of the schools (urban, rural or township). b) Successful implementation of the EMS starts with the implementation of managerial instruments: The integration of environmental aspects in the management of the school is positively correlated with the environmental performance of the schools (water, waste and greening), but not with energy-related environmental performances. c) The implementation of managerial instruments starts with good planning, followed by communication and co-operation, where the whole school team has to be involved. d) Universities have important opportunities to take the lead in this hardly explored area of research. The results open interesting opportunities for further research on how to optimize the functioning of the EMS in primary schools in the Northern part of South Africa. A model that relates the determinants of a successful EMS might be a first step. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	"capacity building",eco-schools,"ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT",MONITORING,"Primary schools in South Africa","sustainable living"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901623587	The use of basalt aggregates in the production of concrete for the prefabrication industry: Environmental impact assessment, interpretation and improvement	Ingrao C., Lo Giudice A., Tricase C., Mbohwa C., Rana R.	2014	Journal of Cleaner Production	75	None	10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.04.002	Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; Department of Quality and Operations Management, University of Johannesburg, APB Campus, P. O. Box 524, Auckland-Park, 2006 Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Economics, University of Foggia, Via Romolo Caggese 1, 71121 Foggia, Italy	Ingrao, C., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; Lo Giudice, A., Department of Quality and Operations Management, University of Johannesburg, APB Campus, P. O. Box 524, Auckland-Park, 2006 Johannesburg, South Africa; Tricase, C., Department of Economics, University of Foggia, Via Romolo Caggese 1, 71121 Foggia, Italy; Mbohwa, C., Department of Quality and Operations Management, University of Johannesburg, APB Campus, P. O. Box 524, Auckland-Park, 2006 Johannesburg, South Africa; Rana, R., Department of Economics, University of Foggia, Via Romolo Caggese 1, 71121 Foggia, Italy	This study aims at environmentally assessing the most significant input and output flows related to the production of concrete using basalt aggregates. For this purpose, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was applied according to the ISO 14040:2006 and 14044:2006. All data used were collected on site based on observations during site visits, review of documents and interviews with technical personnel and management. They were processed by using SimaPro 7.3.3, accessing the Ecoinvent v.2.2 database and using the Impact 2002+ method. The LCIA results show that the most impacting phase is the production of the basalt aggregates, with "Human Health" being the most affected damage category because of the emissions to air, of 2.7 kg of particulates (grain size <2.5 μm). In addition to this, the concrete production causes, mainly, the emission, in air, of 465 kg of Carbon Dioxide and the consumption of 37.37 kg of crude oil, per cubic metre of concrete, affecting, the damage categories "Climate Change" and "Resources" also. Regarding "Ecosystem Quality", the occurred damage is due to the emission to air, of 29.6 g of Aluminium and of 251 mg of Zinc into the soil per cubic metre of concrete. Based on the obtained results, the increase of the amount of water used for particulates removal during the basalt extraction phase was assessed. Furthermore, the alternative use of limestone aggregates was assessed from both technical and environmental perspectives. The analysis developed highlighted a total damage decrease of 67%. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Basalt; Concrete; Environmental sustainability; Impact indicators; Life cycle assessment; Particulates emission	Basalt; Carbon dioxide; Climate change; Concretes; Environmental impact assessments; Human resource management; Life cycle; Particulate emissions; Basalt aggregates; Concrete productions; Environmental sustainability; Impact indicators; Input and outputs; Life Cycle Assessment (LCA); Limestone aggregates; Technical personnel; Aggregates	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84953354775	Tillage impacts on net carbon flux in paddy soil of the Southern China	Chen Z.-D., Dikgwatlhe S.B., Xue J.-F., Zhang H.-L., Chen F., Xiao X.-P.	2015	Journal of Cleaner Production	103	None	10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.05.014	College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China; Limpopo Department of Agriculture, Research Services, Plant Production Systems Division, Polokwane, South Africa; Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Changsha, China	Chen, Z.-D., College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China; Dikgwatlhe, S.B., College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China, Limpopo Department of Agriculture, Research Services, Plant Production Systems Division, Polokwane, South Africa; Xue, J.-F., College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China; Zhang, H.-L., College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China; Chen, F., College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China; Xiao, X.-P., Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Changsha, China	Scientific regulation of carbon (C) flows under conservation tillage is of great significance for mitigating C emission to the atmosphere and increasing C sequestration potential in soils. The objective of this study was to assess tillage impacts on C cycle from a situ field experiment and identify potential tillage practices for C-smart technology in paddy soils of the Southern China. A field experiment was conducted during 2005-2011, including conventional tillage without residue retention (CT), conventional tillage with residue retention (CTS), rotary tillage with residue retention (RTS), and no-till with residue retention (NTS). We computed SOC concentrations, SOC stocks and C emissions from farm inputs with time, and results in values representing a change in net carbon flux under different tillage systems in a double rice (Oryza sativa L.) cropping system. The annual increase rates of SOC stocks were 452.6, 523.3, 1340.8, and 2385.4 kg ha-1 yr-1 from 2007 to 2011 under CT, CTS, RTS, and NTS, respectively. The annual C emissions under CT, CTS, RTS, and NTS were 1182.5, 1182.5, 1152.5, and 1139.2 kg C-eq ha-1 yr-1, respectively. Among the treatments, NTS treatment had the lowest net C flux with -1246.2 kg C-eq ha-1 yr-1. Taking CT as the baseline, the relative net C flux under RTS and NTS were -918.2 and -1976.1 kg C-eq ha-1 yr-1, respectively. This suggests that adoption of conservation tillage would be beneficial in the reduction of GHG emission and could be a good option for C-smart agriculture in double rice cropping regions. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Carbon emission; Conservation tillage; Net carbon flux; Paddy soil; Soil carbon sequestration rate	Agricultural machinery; Cultivation; Forestry; Greenhouse gases; Soil conservation; Soils; Carbon emissions; Conservation tillage; Net carbon flux; Paddy soils; Soil carbon sequestration; Agriculture	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84945495083	Environmental performance evaluation of different cutting environments when milling H13 tool steel	Mulyadi I.H., Balogun V.A., Mativenga P.T.	2015	Journal of Cleaner Production	108	None	10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.07.024	Mechanical Engineering Department, Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia; Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria; School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University	Mulyadi, I.H., Mechanical Engineering Department, Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia; Balogun, V.A., Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria; Mativenga, P.T., School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom	Limited availability of natural resources and the negative environmental burden of industrial processes are driving environmental awareness and resource efficiency improvements in manufacturing. Issues of concern in mechanical machining arise from the significant use of electrical energy and oil-based coolants/lubricants. Process innovation through high speed machining has enabled manufacturing cycle times to be reduced and in some cases promoted dry machining or the use of minimum quantity lubrication. However, the environmental assessment of these innovations has hardly been explored. In this study, the environmental benefits of minimum quantity lubrication environments in machining tool steel at transition speed regime through electrical energy consumption were evaluated and compared to its competitors. The work then assessed the energy using a customized electrical energy model proposed in this study and hence the environmental performance in the process level. Tool life might be of concern in selecting between MQL, dry machining and flood machining, however, this study found that in respect to total energy requirement and environmental benefits, MQL is more promising than flood machining. The work is fundamentally important in assessing the direct energy consumption and the environmental credentials of machining processes. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.	Cutting environments; End milling; Energy consumption; Environmental burden; Tool life	Energy utilization; Environmental impact; Environmental management; Floods; Lubrication; Machining; Manufacture; Milling (machining); Steel; Tool steel; Tools; Electrical energy consumption; End milling; Environmental burdens; Environmental performance; Environmental performance evaluations; Minimum quantity lubrication; Tool life; Total energy requirement; Cutting tools	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84882916575	Impact of definitions of loss to follow-up (LTFU) in antiretroviral therapy program evaluation: Variation in the definition can have an appreciable impact on estimated proportions of LTFU	Grimsrud A.T., Cornell M., Egger M., Boulle A., Myer L.	2013	Journal of Clinical Epidemiology	66	9	10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.03.013	Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa; Division of International and Environmental Health, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland	Grimsrud, A.T., Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa; Cornell, M., Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa; Egger, M., Division of International and Environmental Health, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland; Boulle, A., Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa; Myer, L., Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa	Objective: To examine the impact of different definitions of loss to follow-up (LTFU) on estimates of program outcomes in cohort studies of patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Study Design and Setting: We examined the impact of different definitions of LTFU using data from the International Epidemiological Databases to Evaluate AIDS - Southern Africa. The reference approach, Definition A, was compared with five alternative scenarios that differed in eligibility for analysis and the date assigned to the LTFU outcome. Kaplan-Meier estimates of LTFU were calculated up to 2 years after starting ART. Results: Estimated cumulative LTFU were 14% and 22% at 12 and 24 months, respectively, using the reference approach. Differences in the proportion LTFU were reported in the alternative scenarios with 12-month estimates of LTFU varying by up to 39% compared with Definition A. Differences were largest when the date assigned to the LTFU outcome was 6 months after the date of last contact and when the site-specific definition of LTFU was used. Conclusion: Variation in the definitions of LTFU within cohort analyses can have an appreciable impact on estimated proportions of LTFU over 2 years of follow-up. Use of a standardized definition of LTFU is needed to accurately measure program effectiveness and comparability between programs. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Antiretroviral therapy; Cohort; Loss to follow-up; Program outcomes; Retention; Survival analysis	antiretrovirus agent; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adult; antiretroviral therapy; antiviral therapy; article; cohort analysis; female; follow up; human; Kaplan Meier method; loss to follow up; major clinical study; male; priority journal; Antiretroviral therapy; Cohort; Loss to follow-up; Program outcomes; Retention; Survival analysis; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adolescent; Adult; Africa, Southern; Anti-Retroviral Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cohort Studies; Databases, Factual; Female; Humans; Lost to Follow-Up; Male; Middle Aged; Program Evaluation; Terminology as Topic; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult	5U01AI069924-06, NIH, National Institutes of Health
None	None	The impacts of financial linkage on sustainability of less-formal financial institutions: Experience of savings and credit co-operative societies in Tanzania	Ndiege B.O., Qin X., Kazungu I., Moshi J.	2014	Journal of Co-operative Organization and Management	2	2	10.1016/j.jcom.2014.10.003	School of Business Management, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China; Moshi Co-operative University, P.O Box 474, Moshi, Tanzania	Ndiege, B.O., School of Business Management, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China, Moshi Co-operative University, P.O Box 474, Moshi, Tanzania; Qin, X., School of Business Management, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China; Kazungu, I., Moshi Co-operative University, P.O Box 474, Moshi, Tanzania; Moshi, J., Moshi Co-operative University, P.O Box 474, Moshi, Tanzania	The developing economies are experiencing a growing trend of financial Linkage between formal and less-formal financial institutions. Normally, less-formal financial institutions receive loanable funds from formal financial institutions as an approach to meet their financing deficit, while formal financial institutions engage in linkage as a mean to expand business. The main concern of stakeholders regarding this practice is how such linkage can affect the performance of the less-formal financial institutions. In Tanzania, the Savings and Credit Co-operative Societies (SACCOS) are the most used less-formal financial institutions which are also highly involved in financial linkage. In this study therefore, we used Tanzania SACCOS' financial statement data, for the period of 2004-2011, and panel data regression model to examine the relationship between financial linkage (measured as financial dependency ratio) and sustainability (measured as Operational Self Sufficiency) of less-formal financial institutions. The findings suggest that the higher the level of financial linkage the more the SACCOS become unsustainable. Implying that, to be sustainable institutions, the SACCOS should try keep away from the use of external funds in their loan portfolio. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Financial linkage; SACCOS; Sustainability; Tanzania	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80053461158	Evaluation of standard and modified severity of illness scores in the obstetric patient	Lapinsky S.E., Hallett D., Collop N., Drover J., Lavercombe P., Leeman M., Moola S., Paruk F., Bernstein M., Moodley J.	2011	Journal of Critical Care	26	5	10.1016/j.jcrc.2010.10.003	Intensive Care Unit, Mount Sinai Hospital and the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Critical Care Program, Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON K7L1V9, Canada; Intensive Care Unit, St Andrew's War Memorial Hospital, Brisbane 4000, Australia; Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Brussels 1070, Belgium; Kootenay Lake Hospital, Nelson, BC V1L2V1, Canada; Department Of Anaesthesiology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa; King Edward VIII Hospital and Womens Health and HIV Research group, University of Kwa Zulu Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa	Lapinsky, S.E., Intensive Care Unit, Mount Sinai Hospital and the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Hallett, D., Intensive Care Unit, Mount Sinai Hospital and the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Collop, N., Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Drover, J., Critical Care Program, Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON K7L1V9, Canada; Lavercombe, P., Intensive Care Unit, St Andrew's War Memorial Hospital, Brisbane 4000, Australia; Leeman, M., Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Brussels 1070, Belgium; Moola, S., Kootenay Lake Hospital, Nelson, BC V1L2V1, Canada; Paruk, F., Department Of Anaesthesiology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa; Bernstein, M., Intensive Care Unit, Mount Sinai Hospital and the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Moodley, J., King Edward VIII Hospital and Womens Health and HIV Research group, University of Kwa Zulu Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa	Purpose: To test discrimination and calibration of APACHE-II and SAPS-II risk prediction scores in a cohort of obstetric patients, and to evaluate the effect of modifying these scores for the physiological changes in pregnancy. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of obstetric patients, 12 weeks gestation to 48 hours postpartum, admitted to the ICU for more than 24 hours. APACHE-II and SAPS-II, and versions modified for the physiological changes of pregnancy, were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and standardized mortality ratios (SMR). Multivariable analysis identified other parameters associated with mortality. Results: Data were obtained from 332 patients from 5 countries, with a mortality rate of 12%. Mean (± SD) APACHE-II score was 16.8 ± 6.1 and SAPS-II score 26.5 ± 15.8. Good discrimination was demonstrated with area under the ROC curves of 0.82 and 0.78 respectively, with no improvement after modification for altered maternal physiology. APACHE-II overestimated mortality, with an SMR of 0.43 (0.52 after including diagnostic weighting) compared with 0.89 for SAPS-II. Bilirubin, albumin and Glasgow Coma Scale were independently associated with mortality. Conclusion: APACHE-II and SAPS-II are good discriminators of illness severity and may be valuable for comparing obstetric cohorts, but APACHE-II significantly over-estimates mortality. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.	APACHE; Critical illness; Intensive care units; Pregnancy; Severity of illness	albumin; bilirubin; adult; APACHE; article; cohort analysis; controlled study; disease severity; female; gestation period; Glasgow coma scale; hospital admission; human; intensive care unit; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; maternal mortality; obstetric patient; pregnancy disorder; puerperium; receiver operating characteristic; retrospective study; risk assessment; SAPS II; scoring system; Adult; Analysis of Variance; APACHE; Calibration; Female; Hospital Mortality; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Monitoring, Physiologic; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment; ROC Curve; Severity of Illness Index; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888105582	Growth kinetics evaluation of hydrothermally synthesized β-FeOOH nanorods	Chowdhury M., Fester V., Kale G.	2014	Journal of Crystal Growth	387	None	10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2013.10.016	Faculty of Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; Institute for Materials Research, SPEME, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom	Chowdhury, M., Faculty of Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; Fester, V., Faculty of Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; Kale, G., Institute for Materials Research, SPEME, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom	Based on the proposition that a quantitative and qualitative relationship between alcohol surface tension and particle growth exists, the effect of four different organic solvents on the growth kinetics of β-FeOOH (akaganeite) nanorods have been evaluated in this study. Two-stage growth of akaganeite nanorods have been observed in the presence of butanol and propanol as solvents. The first growth stage follows a typical power law representing Ostwald Ripening (OR) kinetic. The second stage of growth was found to be asymptotic and was fitted by the Oriented Attachment (OA) kinetics. HRTEM images of the synthesized nanoparticles also showed crystallographically specific oriented attachment based growth of the nanocrystals. Signs of OA mechanism was not observed from the TEM images of the particles synthesized using ethanol and methanol as solvents. The rate constants for each kinetic was evaluated and the rate constant for OR kinetics, kOR, was found to be significantly higher than the rate constant for OA kinetics, kOA, under the reported conditions for the four different solvents used. The rate constants were related to the surface tension of alcohol. A factorial trial was used to evaluate the significance of interaction effects of process parameters. By correlating the surface tension of solvents with different process parameters a generalized correlation has been developed to predict β-FeOOH aspect ratios for the first time. This correlation was validated by an independent study. This correlation takes three different process parameters into consideration in conjunction with the solvent surface tension to predict particle aspect ratios with acceptable confidence. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Alcohol surface tension; Empirical correlation; Growth rate constants; Oriented attachment kinetic; Ostwald ripening kinetic	Different solvents; Empirical correlations; Generalized correlation; Hydrothermally synthesized; Interaction effect; Oriented attachment; Particle aspect ratios; Process parameters; Aspect ratio; Growth rate; Nanorods; Organic solvents; Ostwald ripening; Rate constants; Solvents; Surface tension; Synthesis (chemical); Kinetics	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84890152411	Damage evaluation in gap tubular truss 'K' bridge joints using SFEM	Jiki P.N., Agber J.U.	2014	Journal of Constructional Steel Research	93	None	10.1016/j.jcsr.2013.10.010	Civil Engineering Department, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Electrical Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria	Jiki, P.N., Civil Engineering Department, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Agber, J.U., Electrical Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria	A damage stiffness parameter a of the shell element is calculated analytically using the fracture mechanics concept. A smooth quad T4 element was modified using the calculated parameter α. The modified element was introduced at the junction between the chord/brace connection where welding defect had taken place, while the unmodified same element was used elsewhere on the joint. Thereafter, a finite element analysis was carried out using thin shell theory and the smooth element formulation to investigate the effect of brace spacing on the distribution of stress concentrations in the welded tubular 'K' joint. This was done in order to investigate the level of stress concentrations and damage in the welded connection in the tubular joint. The joint was first modelled with no gap between the braces and a finite element computer run was made. Thereafter, the joint was modelled with brace gaps from 10 mm to 70 mm and finite element computer runs were made. The results obtained were then compared with those published in the literature. It was found that the presence of variable gaps between braces of the joint together with pre-crack affects the strength of tubular 'K' joints appreciably. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Computer simulation; Effect of bracing; Smoothed finite element; Stress concentration; Stress distribution; Structural joints; Tubular truss bridges	Effect of bracing; Element formulation; Smoothed finite elements; Stiffness parameters; Structural joints; Thin shell theory; Tubular truss; Welded connections; Computer simulation; Fracture mechanics; Trusses; Welding; Stress concentration	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33744520712	Ultrasensitive quantitative HIV-1 p24 antigen assay adapted to dried plasma spots to improve treatment monitoring in low-resource settings	Knuchel M.C., Tomasik Z., Speck R.F., Lüthy R., Schüpbach J.	2006	Journal of Clinical Virology	36	1	10.1016/j.jcv.2005.12.005	Swiss National Center for Retroviruses, University of Zürich, Gloriastrasse 30 /32, CH-8006 Zürich, Switzerland; Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Swiss AIDS Care International, Harare, Zimbabwe	Knuchel, M.C., Swiss National Center for Retroviruses, University of Zürich, Gloriastrasse 30 /32, CH-8006 Zürich, Switzerland; Tomasik, Z., Swiss National Center for Retroviruses, University of Zürich, Gloriastrasse 30 /32, CH-8006 Zürich, Switzerland; Speck, R.F., Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Lüthy, R., Swiss AIDS Care International, Harare, Zimbabwe; Schüpbach, J., Swiss National Center for Retroviruses, University of Zürich, Gloriastrasse 30 /32, CH-8006 Zürich, Switzerland	Background: Our group has previously developed a quantitative and ultrasensitive HIV-1 p24 antigen assay that is inexpensive, easy-to-perform, and can be carried out in low-resource settings. Since antiretroviral therapies are becoming more accessible in resource-constrained countries, methods to assess HIV-1 viraemia are urgently needed to achieve a high standard of care in HIV-1 management. Objectives: To adapt our quantitative assay to dried plasma spots (DPS), in order to further simplify this test and make it more accessible to resource-constrained countries. Study design: DPS from 47 HIV-seropositive, treated or untreated adult individuals and 30 healthy individuals were examined. Results: A specificity of 100% was observed when p24 antigen was measured using DPS, and no differences of p24 concentration could be seen between DPS and venous plasma. The correlation between DPS and venous plasma p24 was excellent (R = 0.93, CI95% = 0.88-0.96, p &lt; 0.0001). Similarly, p24 antigen concentrations using DPS were well correlated with RNA viral load (R = 0.53, CI95% = 0.27-0.72, p = 0.0002). Conclusions: This quantitative p24 antigen test has similar sensitivity and specificity using DPS and venous plasma, and has the potential to improve health care delivery to HIV-affected individuals in resource-constrained countries. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Dried plasma spots; HIV-1; Low-resource setting; p24 antigen; Treatment monitoring; Viral load	antigen p24; virus RNA; anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; Gag protein; Human immunodeficiency virus antibody; Human immunodeficiency virus antigen; article; correlation analysis; diagnostic accuracy; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; nonhuman; priority journal; quantitative analysis; virus identification; virus load; adult; blood; case control study; chemistry; child; comparative study; cost; economics; evaluation; heat; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunology; methodology; protein denaturation; sensitivity and specificity; serodiagnosis; treatment outcome; virology; Adult; AIDS Serodiagnosis; Anti-HIV Agents; Case-Control Studies; Child; Costs and Cost Analysis; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Evaluation Studies; Heat; HIV Antibodies; HIV Antigens; HIV Core Protein p24; HIV Infections; HIV Seropositivity; HIV-1; Humans; Protein Denaturation; Sensitivity and Specificity; Treatment Outcome; Viral Load	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33750508938	Evaluation of a commercial rubella IgM assay for use on oral fluid samples for diagnosis and surveillance of congenital rubella syndrome and postnatal rubella	Vijaylakshmi P., Muthukkaruppan V.R., Rajasundari A., Korukluoglu G., Nigatu W., L.A.Warrener, Samuel D., Brown D.W.G.	2006	Journal of Clinical Virology	37	4	10.1016/j.jcv.2006.09.005	Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, India; Aravind Medical Research Foundation, India; Refik Saydam National Hygiene Center, National Measles Laboratory, Cemal Gursel Cad.No: 18, 06100 Yenisehir, Ankara, Turkey; Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute (EHNRI), PO Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Virus Reference Department, Health Protection Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, NW9 5EQ, United Kingdom; Microimmune Limited, 104A High Street, Brentford, Middlesex TW8 8AT, United Kingdom	Vijaylakshmi, P., Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, India; Muthukkaruppan, V.R., Aravind Medical Research Foundation, India; Rajasundari, A., Aravind Medical Research Foundation, India; Korukluoglu, G., Refik Saydam National Hygiene Center, National Measles Laboratory, Cemal Gursel Cad.No: 18, 06100 Yenisehir, Ankara, Turkey; Nigatu, W., Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute (EHNRI), PO Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; L.A.Warrener, Virus Reference Department, Health Protection Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, NW9 5EQ, United Kingdom; Samuel, D., Virus Reference Department, Health Protection Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, NW9 5EQ, United Kingdom, Microimmune Limited, 104A High Street, Brentford, Middlesex TW8 8AT, United Kingdom; Brown, D.W.G., Virus Reference Department, Health Protection Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, NW9 5EQ, United Kingdom	Background: Clinical diagnosis (surveillance) of rubella is unreliable and laboratory confirmation is essential. Detection of virus specific IgM in serum is the most commonly used method. However, the use of serum necessitates the drawing of blood, either through venipuncture or finger/heel prick, which can be difficult in young babies. Oral fluid samples have proved useful as an alternative, less invasive sample for virus specific IgM detection however until recently no commercial rubella IgM tests were available, restricting the usefulness of this approach. Objectives: To evaluate the performance of the Microimmune Rubella IgM capture EIA using oral fluid samples from outbreaks as well as in cases of suspected congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Study design: Paired serum and oral fluids were collected from cases during a rubella outbreak in three provinces in Turkey. Matched serum and oral fluid samples were collected from children with suspected CRS in an active surveillance programme at the Aravind Eye Hospital in South India. Serum samples were collected as part of the measles surveillance programme in Ethiopia. Results: On serum samples the sensitivity and specificity of the Microimmune Rubella IgM capture EIA compared to Behring Enzygnost rubella IgM test was 96.9% (62/64; 95% CI 94.2-100%) and 100% (53/53; 95% CI 93.2-100%). On oral fluids compared to matched Behring results on serum the sensitivity was 95.5% (42/44; 95% CI 84.5-99.4%). The sensitivity and specificity of Microimmune Rubella IgM capture EIA on oral fluids from suspected CRS cases compared to serum results using Behring Enzygnost IgM assay was 100% (95% CI 84.5-100%) and 100% (95% CI 95.8-100.0%) respectively. Conclusion: Microimmune Rubella IgM capture EIA has adequate performance for diagnosis and surveillance of rubella in outbreak using either serum or oral fluid specimens.	IgM; Oral fluid; Rubella	immunoglobulin M; antigen detection; article; child; congenital rubella syndrome; controlled study; diagnostic accuracy; enzyme immunoassay; Ethiopia; human; immune deficiency; India; infant; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; male; measles; priority journal; rubella; Turkey (republic); Antibodies, Viral; Biological Assay; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin M; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Rubella; Saliva; Sensitivity and Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548169083	Evaluation of global clustering patterns and strain variation over an extended ORF26 gene locus from Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus	Zong J.-C., Kajumbula H., Boto W., Hayward G.S.	2007	Journal of Clinical Virology	40	1	10.1016/j.jcv.2007.06.013	Viral Oncology Program, Department of Oncology, Sydney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Blunting Blaustein Cancer Research Bldg. 1650 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21231-1000, United States; Department of Medical Microbiology, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda	Zong, J.-C., Viral Oncology Program, Department of Oncology, Sydney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Blunting Blaustein Cancer Research Bldg. 1650 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21231-1000, United States; Kajumbula, H., Department of Medical Microbiology, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; Boto, W., Department of Medical Microbiology, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; Hayward, G.S., Viral Oncology Program, Department of Oncology, Sydney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Blunting Blaustein Cancer Research Bldg. 1650 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21231-1000, United States	Background: Small 233-bp or 330-bp DNA fragments of the ORF26 gene of human Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) have been used extensively to identify KSHV by PCR in clinical samples; to associate KSHV with novel diseases and to correlate KSHV strain differences with pathogenicity. Objectives: We evaluated the nature, extent and source of nucleotide sequence variability among a large and diverse set of known KSHV-positive DNA samples. Study design: Direct DNA PCR sequencing was carried out on 136 distinct Kaposi's sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma-related samples from different geographic locations. Results: The presence of 26 diagnostic nucleotide polymorphisms across an expanded 965-bp PCR locus define eight distinct ORF26E genotypes, three being of Eurasian origin, one from the Pacific Rim, and five from Sub-Saharan Africa. Previous ambiguities between some genotype patterns in the 330-bp locus data are fully resolved. Conclusions: This analysis provides an expanded database for understanding and evaluating ORF26 polymorphisms. In particular, the eight genotype clusters correlated with specific ethnic and geographic origins of the patients. Furthermore, the very low level of additional sporadic nucleotide variation found permits detection of spurious sequence errors or contamination present in some published data. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Direct PCR sequencing; Multiple KSHV genotypes; Subtype discrimination	article; controlled study; correlation analysis; data base; diagnostic test; DNA polymorphism; DNA sequence; ethnicity; gene cluster; gene deletion; gene locus; gene sequence; genetic analysis; genetic variability; genotype; geography; Herpes virus; human; human cell; Kaposi sarcoma; lymphoma; nucleotide sequence; open reading frame; polymerase chain reaction; priority journal; virus strain; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Base Sequence; Cluster Analysis; Demography; Genome, Viral; Genotype; Herpesviridae Infections; Herpesvirus 8, Human; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Open Reading Frames; Polymorphism, Genetic; Sarcoma, Kaposi	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-53849133763	Evaluation of seven rapid HIV tests to detect HIV-exposure and seroreversion during infancy	Sherman G.G., Driver G.A., Coovadia A.H.	2008	Journal of Clinical Virology	43	3	10.1016/j.jcv.2008.07.010	Wits Paediatric HIV Clinics, Wits Health Consortium, University of the Witwatersrand, 8 Blackwood Avenue, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of the Witwatersrand, P.O. Box 79722, Senderwood, 2145 Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Paediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X20, Newclare, 2112, Johannesburg, South Africa	Sherman, G.G., Wits Paediatric HIV Clinics, Wits Health Consortium, University of the Witwatersrand, 8 Blackwood Avenue, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of the Witwatersrand, P.O. Box 79722, Senderwood, 2145 Johannesburg, South Africa; Driver, G.A., Wits Paediatric HIV Clinics, Wits Health Consortium, University of the Witwatersrand, 8 Blackwood Avenue, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Coovadia, A.H., Wits Paediatric HIV Clinics, Wits Health Consortium, University of the Witwatersrand, 8 Blackwood Avenue, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa, Department of Paediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X20, Newclare, 2112, Johannesburg, South Africa	Background: Failure to determine the HIV status of all pregnant women impedes progress in preventing and treating paediatric HIV because vertically exposed infants are not identified for prophylaxis, early HIV diagnosis and care. Objectives: To assess the performance of rapid HIV tests in comparison to a laboratory-based HIV ELISA test for determining HIV-exposure and excluding HIV infection during infancy. Study design: Seven rapid HIV tests were evaluated on 2266 stored samples from 116 HIV-exposed infants of known HIV status at four ages during infancy. The HIV ELISA for each sample was the standard against which rapid results were assessed to establish HIV-exposure. Results: Rapid tests did not perform uniformly during infancy. For detecting HIV-exposure the sensitivity of most rapid tests to 3 months of age approached that of an HIV ELISA however only Determine maintained this sensitivity (99.7%) throughout infancy. For excluding HIV infection (i.e. for correctly identifying HIV-uninfected infants) the specificity of all rapid tests except Determine exceeded that of the HIV ELISA from 7 months of age. Conclusions: The use of rapid tests in infancy could improve identification and care of HIV-exposed infants. Further evaluation under field conditions is required before rapid tests can be incorporated into evidence-based diagnostic algorithms. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Human immunodeficiency virus; Infants; Prevention of mother to child transmission; Rapid test; Seroreversion	article; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; infancy; infant; laboratory test; major clinical study; performance; priority journal; sensitivity and sensibility; serodiagnosis; virus detection; virus identification; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Infant; Male; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Sensitivity and Specificity	None
WoS	WOS:000295535500012	Efficient monitoring of HIV-1 vertically infected children in Kenya on first-line antiretroviral therapy	Bi, Xiuqiong,Ichimura, Hiroshi,Ishizaki, Azumi,Lihana, Raphael W.,Lwembe, Raphael M.,Musoke, Rachel,Ochieng, Washingtone,Okoth, Frederick A.,Owens, Mary,Palakudy, Tresa,Panikulam, Annie,Songok, Elijah M.	2011	JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY	52	2	10.1016/j.jcv.2011.06.014	Kanazawa University, University of Nairobi, Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nyumbani Childrens Home	"Bi, Xiuqiong: Kanazawa University","Ichimura, Hiroshi: Kanazawa University","Ishizaki, Azumi: Kanazawa University","Musoke, Rachel: University of Nairobi",	Background: Worldwide access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in low- and middle-income countries has significantly increased. Although this presents better treatment options for HIV-infected individuals, the challenge of monitoring ART in these settings still remains. Objective: To investigate efficient and cost-effective criteria for assessing ART failure among HIV-1-infected children on first-line ART in resource-limited settings. Study design: Retrospective analysis of 75 HIV-1 vertically infected Kenyan children with a follow-up period of 24 months after initiating ART. Plasma viral load, peripheral CD4(+)T-cell counts and HIV-1 drug-resistance mutations were monitored biannually. Results: Plasma viral load (VL) was suppressed to undetectable level or more than 1.5 log(10) from baseline levels in 53 (70.7%) children within 24 months. VL in the remaining 22 (29.3%) children was not suppressed significantly. Of the 22 children, 21 were infected with HIV-1 strains that developed drug-resistance mutations; 9 within 12 months and 12 between 12 and 24 months. Among the 53 who were successfully treated, VL was suppressed in 33 within 12 months and in 20 between 12 and 24 months. There was no significant difference in VL at baseline and the change of CD4(+)T-cell counts after initiating ART between those treated successfully and the failure groups. Conclusion: After initiating ART, children may require longer times to achieve complete viral suppression. Plasma viral load testing 24 months after initiating ART could be used to differentiate ART failures among HIV-1 vertically infected children in resource-limited settings. Additionally, drug resistance testing, if affordable, would be helpful in identifying those failing therapy and in choosing second-line regimens. (C) 2011 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.	"ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY",CHILDREN,HIV-1,KENYA,"CD4 CELL COUNT","DISEASE PROGRESSION","DRUG-RESISTANCE MUTATIONS","FIXED-DOSE COMBINATION","HIV-1-INFECTED CHILDREN","IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1","RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS","REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITO	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861911931	Development and evaluation of an assay for HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase drug resistance genotyping of all major group-M subtypes	Aitken S.C., Kliphuis A., Wallis C.L., Chu M.L., Fillekes Q., Barth R., Stevens W., Rinke de Wit T.F., Schuurman R.	2012	Journal of Clinical Virology	54	1	10.1016/j.jcv.2012.01.010	Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Molecular Medicine and Hematology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa; PharmAccess International, Pietersbergweg 17, 1105BM Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525GA Nijmegen, Netherlands; Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity (N4i), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525GA Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, Netherlands; National Health Laboratory Services, 1 Modderfontein Road, Johannesburg, South Africa; Global Health Department, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD), Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands	Aitken, S.C., Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, Netherlands, Department of Molecular Medicine and Hematology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa; Kliphuis, A., Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, Netherlands, PharmAccess International, Pietersbergweg 17, 1105BM Amsterdam, Netherlands; Wallis, C.L., Department of Molecular Medicine and Hematology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa; Chu, M.L., Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, Netherlands; Fillekes, Q., Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525GA Nijmegen, Netherlands, Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity (N4i), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525GA Nijmegen, Netherlands; Barth, R., Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, Netherlands; Stevens, W., Department of Molecular Medicine and Hematology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa, National Health Laboratory Services, 1 Modderfontein Road, Johannesburg, South Africa; Rinke de Wit, T.F., PharmAccess International, Pietersbergweg 17, 1105BM Amsterdam, Netherlands, Global Health Department, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD), Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands; Schuurman, R., Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, Netherlands	Background: High cost and varying sensitivity for non-B HIV-1 subtypes limits application of current commercial kits for HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping of all major HIV-1 group-M subtypes. Objectives: Our research aimed to develop and validate an assay specific for all major HIV-1 group-M subtypes for use as an alternative to commercial assays for HIV-1 protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) drug resistance genotyping. Study design: A nested RT-PCR encompassing the entire PR and RT up to amino acid 321 of HIV-1 was designed to detect HIV-1 group-M subtypes. Primers compatible with group-M subtypes were defined and analytical sensitivity of the assay evaluated using a panel of reference viruses for subtypes A-H and CRF01_AE. The assay was subsequently evaluated on 246 plasma samples from HIV-1 infected individuals harboring various group-M subtypes and viral loads (VLs). Results: All major group-M HIV-1 subtypes were detected with an overall analytical sensitivity of 1.00E+03 RNA copies/ml. Application of the genotyping assay on 246 primarily African clinical samples comprising subtypes A (n= 52; 21.7%), B (n= 12; 5.0%), C (n= 127; 52.9%), D (n= 25; 10.4%), CRF01_AE (n= 10; 4.2%), and CRF02_AG (n= 10; 4.2%), and unassigned variants (n= 10; 4.2%), VL range 4.32E+02-8.63E+06 (median 2.66E+04) RNA copies/ml, was ∼98% successful. Conclusions: A group-M subtype-independent genotyping assay for detection of HIV-1 drug resistance was developed. The described assay can serve as an alternative to commercial assays for HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping in routine diagnostics, and for surveillance and monitoring of drug resistance in resource-limited settings (RLS). © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	Drug resistance; Genotyping; Group-m subtypes; HIV-1	amino acid; efavirenz; Human immunodeficiency virus proteinase; lamivudine; lopinavir plus ritonavir; nevirapine; RNA; RNA directed DNA polymerase; stavudine; zidovudine; adult; article; child; controlled study; enzyme assay; female; genotype; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; major clinical study; male; nonhuman; priority journal; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; single drug dose; validation process; virus detection; virus load; Adolescent; Adult; Africa; Child; Child, Preschool; DNA Primers; Drug Resistance, Viral; Female; HIV Infections; HIV Protease; HIV Reverse Transcriptase; HIV-1; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sensitivity and Specificity; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860336801	Evaluation of a 4th generation rapid HIV test for earlier and reliable detection of HIV infection in pregnancy	Chetty V., Moodley D., Chuturgoon A.	2012	Journal of Clinical Virology	54	2	10.1016/j.jcv.2012.02.021	Womens Health and HIV Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Chetty, V., Womens Health and HIV Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Moodley, D., Womens Health and HIV Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Chuturgoon, A., Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Background: Currently used 3rd generation rapid HIV-tests in resource-limited settings do not detect acute HIV-infections (AHI). They are known to detect HIV-infections after or late in the " window period" Detecting incident-HIV infections early in pregnancy increases opportunities for initiating antiretroviral prophylaxis to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Objectives: We evaluated the Determine ® HIV1/2 Ag/Ab Combo Rapid Test (Combo RT), a 4th generation test against two 3rd generation tests (SENSA-HIV1/2/0 Tri-line, SD-Bioline) for early detection of HIV-infection in pregnancy. Study design: In a cohort study, plasma samples from 32 pregnant women who seroconverted at a subsequent antenatal visit (incident-infection), samples from 189 women who tested HIV positive at baseline (established-infections) and samples from 32 women remaining HIV-seronegative at a subsequent antenatal visit were tested with 3rd generation (antibody detection only) and 4th generation (antibody/antigen detection) rapid HIV tests. The HIV-1 NucliSENSEasyQ ® v2.0 PCR test was used to quantify HIV-viral copies in women with incident HIV-infections. Results: Eighteen of 32 (56.3%) women (incident-infections) had detectable viral copies (baseline); 16 (88.9%) were antibody reactive with the Combo RT. None of the 32 specimens were reactive on the antigen component of the Combo RT. The sensitivity and specificity of the Combo RT in detecting HIV infections prior to seroconversion is 59.4% (95%CI 40.6-76.3) and 96.9% (95%CI 83.8-99.9) respectively. The Combo RT detected 94.0% of all HIV-infections if used as a screening test (baseline) compared to 85.5% detected by 3rd generation tests. Conclusions: The Combo RT does not identify AHI but is superior to 3rd generation tests in detecting HIV antibody responses. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	Combo RT; Early detection; HIV; Pregnancy	adult; antibody detection; antibody response; antigen antibody reaction; article; clinical article; cohort analysis; controlled study; early diagnosis; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; female; gestational age; HIV test; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; nonhuman; polymerase chain reaction; pregnancy; prenatal care; priority journal; screening test; sensitivity and specificity; seroconversion; vertical transmission; virus detection; virus transmission; Antigens, Viral; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Cohort Studies; Female; HIV Antibodies; HIV Infections; Humans; Immunoassay; Plasma; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Virology	None
None	None	Performance of the fourth-generation Bio-Rad GS HIV Combo Ag/Ab enzyme immunoassay for diagnosis of HIV infection in Southern Africa	Piwowar-Manning E., Fogel J.M., Richardson P., Wolf S., Clarke W., Marzinke M.A., Fiamma A., Donnell D., Kulich M., Mbwambo J.K.K., Richter L., Gray G., Sweat M., Coates T.J., Eshleman S.H.	2015	Journal of Clinical Virology	62	None	10.1016/j.jcv.2014.11.023	Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Probability and Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Muhimbili University Teaching Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development, Universities of the Witwatersrand, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Center for World Health, David Geffen School of Medicine and UCLA Health, Los Angeles, CA, United States	Piwowar-Manning, E., Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Fogel, J.M., Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Richardson, P., Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Wolf, S., Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Clarke, W., Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Marzinke, M.A., Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Fiamma, A., University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Donnell, D., Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Kulich, M., Department of Probability and Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Mbwambo, J.K.K., Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Muhimbili University Teaching Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Richter, L., DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development, Universities of the Witwatersrand, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa; Gray, G., Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Sweat, M., Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Coates, T.J., Center for World Health, David Geffen School of Medicine and UCLA Health, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Eshleman, S.H., Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States	Background: Fourth-generation HIV assays detect both antigen and antibody, facilitating detection of acute/early HIV infection. The Bio-Rad GS HIV Combo Ag/Ab assay (Bio-Rad Combo) is an enzyme immunoassay that simultaneously detects HIV p24 antigen and antibodies to HIV-1 and HIV-2 in serum or plasma. Objective: To evaluate the performance of the Bio-Rad Combo assay for detection of HIV infection in adults from Southern Africa. Study design: Samples were obtained from adults in Soweto and Vulindlela, South Africa and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (300 HIV-positive samples; 300 HIV-negative samples; 12 samples from individuals previously classified as having acute/early HIV infection). The samples were tested with the Bio-Rad Combo assay. Additional testing was performed to characterize the 12 acute/early samples. Results: All 300 HIV-positive samples were reactive using the Bio-Rad Combo assay; false positive test results were obtained for 10 (3.3%) of the HIV-negative samples (sensitivity: 100%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 98.8-100%); specificity: 96.7%, 95% CI: 94.0-98.4%). The assay detected 10 of the 12 infections classified as acute/early. The two infections that were not detected had viral loads. <. 400. copies/mL; one of those samples contained antiretroviral drugs consistent with antiretroviral therapy. Conclusions: The Bio-Rad Combo assay correctly classified the majority of study specimens. The specificity reported here may be higher than that seen in other settings, since HIV-negative samples were pre-screened using a different fourth-generation test. The assay also had high sensitivity for detection of acute/early infection. False-negative test results may be obtained in individuals who are virally suppressed. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Africa; Diagnosis; Enzyme immunoassay; Fourth-generation; HIV	antigen p24; antiretrovirus agent; Human immunodeficiency virus antibody; Article; Bio Rad Combo assay; controlled study; diagnostic test accuracy study; diagnostic value; enzyme immunoassay; false negative result; HIV CLIA kit; HIV rapid test; HIV test; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus 2; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; laboratory diagnosis; sensitivity and specificity; South Africa; Tanzania; virus load	None
None	None	Using the Hawthorne effect to examine the gap between a doctor's best possible practice and actual performance	Leonard K.L., Masatu M.C.	2010	Journal of Development Economics	93	2	10.1016/j.jdeveco.2009.11.001	University of Maryland College Park, 2200 Symons Hall, MD 20742, United States; Centre for Educational Development in Health, Arusha (CEDHA), P.O. Box 1162, Arusha, Tanzania	Leonard, K.L., University of Maryland College Park, 2200 Symons Hall, MD 20742, United States; Masatu, M.C., Centre for Educational Development in Health, Arusha (CEDHA), P.O. Box 1162, Arusha, Tanzania	Many doctors in developing countries provide considerably lower quality care to their patients than they have been trained to provide. The gap between best possible practice and actual performance (often referred to as the know-do gap) is difficult to measure among doctors who differ in levels of training and experience and who face very different types of patients. We exploit the Hawthorne effect-in which doctors change their behavior when a researcher comes to observe their practices-to measure the gap between best and actual performance. We analyze this gap for a sample of doctors and also examine the impact of the organization for which doctors work on their performance. We find that some organizations succeed in motivating doctors to work at levels of performance that are close to their best possible practice. This paper adds to recent evidence that motivation can be as important to health care quality as training and knowledge. © 2009 Elsevier B.V.	Hawthorne effect; Health care; Motivation; Practice quality; Tanzania	developing world; health care; health worker; performance assessment; training; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957777259	Impacts of the Productive Safety Net Program in Ethiopia on livestock and tree holdings of rural households	Andersson C., Mekonnen A., Stage J.	2011	Journal of Development Economics	94	1	10.1016/j.jdeveco.2009.12.002	Department of Economics, Umeå University, SE 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Economics, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Economics, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 640, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden	Andersson, C., Department of Economics, Umeå University, SE 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; Mekonnen, A., Department of Economics, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Stage, J., Department of Economics, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 640, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden	We evaluated the impacts of the Ethiopian Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) on rural households' holdings of livestock and forest assets/trees. We found no indication that participation in PSNP induces households to disinvest in livestock or trees. In fact, households that participated in the program increased the number of trees planted, but there was no increase in their livestock holdings. We found no strong evidence that the PSNP protects livestock in times of shock. Shocks appear to lead households to disinvest in livestock, but not in trees. Our results suggest that there is increased forestry activity as a result of PSNP, and that improved credit access encourages households to increase their livestock holdings. © 2009 Elsevier B.V.	Ethiopia; Livestock; Safety nets; Trees	forestry production; household expenditure; livestock; participatory approach; rural economy; rural finance; rural society; social security; Ethiopia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861831370	Evidence on the impact of minimum wage laws in an informal sector: Domestic workers in South Africa	Dinkelman T., Ranchhod V.	2012	Journal of Development Economics	99	1	10.1016/j.jdeveco.2011.12.006	Dartmouth College, United States; University of Cape Town, South Africa	Dinkelman, T., Dartmouth College, United States; Ranchhod, V., University of Cape Town, South Africa	What happens when a previously uncovered labor market is regulated? We exploit the introduction of a minimum wage in South Africa and variation in the intensity of this law to identify increases in wages for domestic workers and no statistically significant effects on employment on the intensive or extensive margins. These large, partial responses to the law are somewhat surprising, given the lack of monitoring and enforcement in this informal sector. We interpret these changes as evidence that strong external sanctions are not necessary for new labor legislation to have a significant impact on informal sectors of developing countries, at least in the short-run. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	Africa; Domestic workers; Informal sector; Minimum wage	developing world; domestic work; informal sector; law enforcement; legislation; minimum wage; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875215428	Impact of differences in glucose tolerance on the prevalence of a negative insulinogenic index	Faulenbach M.V., Wright L.A., Lorenzo C., Utzschneider K.M., Goedecke J.H., Fujimoto W.Y., Boyko E.J., McNeely M.J., Leonetti D.L., Haffner S.M., Kahn S.E.	2013	Journal of Diabetes and its Complications	27	2	10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2012.09.011	Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Texas, Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States; South African Medical Research Council, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States	Faulenbach, M.V., Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Wright, L.A., Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Lorenzo, C., Department of Medicine, University of Texas, Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States; Utzschneider, K.M., Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Goedecke, J.H., South African Medical Research Council, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Fujimoto, W.Y., Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Boyko, E.J., Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States; McNeely, M.J., South African Medical Research Council, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Leonetti, D.L., Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Haffner, S.M., Department of Medicine, University of Texas, Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States; Kahn, S.E., Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States	Objective: To determine the prevalence of a negative insulinogenic index (change in plasma insulin/change in plasma glucose from 0 to 30 min) from an oral glucose tolerance test according to glucose tolerance category. Materials and Methods: Data from the San Antonio Heart Study (n = 2494), Japanese American Community Diabetes Study (JACDS; n = 594) and Genetics of NIDDM Study (n = 1519) were examined. Glucose tolerance was defined by ADA criteria. Results: In the combined cohort, the prevalence of a negative insulinogenic index was significantly higher in diabetes 20/616 (3.2%) compared to normal glucose tolerance 43/2667 (1.6%) (p < 0.05). Longitudinally, in the JACDS cohort, the prevalence did not change from baseline (3/594; 0.5%) to 5 (4/505; 0.7%) and 10 years (8/426; 1.9%) (p = 0.9) and no subject had a repeat negative insulinogenic index. Conclusions: A negative insulinogenic index occurs at a low prevalence across glucose tolerance categories although more often in diabetes, but without recurrence over time. © 2013 Published by Elsevier Inc.	Diabetes; Glucose; Impaired glucose tolerance; Insulin; Insulinogenic index; Oral glucose tolerance test	glucose; insulin; adult; article; endocrine function; female; glucose blood level; glucose tolerance; human; insulin blood level; insulinogenic index; major clinical study; male; oral glucose tolerance test; prevalence; priority journal; Adult; Aged; Asian Americans; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; False Negative Reactions; Female; Glucose Intolerance; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Insulin; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Japan; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Prevalence; United States	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892926566	Impact of oral lesions among South African adults with HIV/AIDS on oral health-related quality of life	Bajomo A.S., Ayo-Yusuf O.A., Rudolph M.J., Tsotsi N.M.	2013	Journal of Dental Sciences	8	4	10.1016/j.jds.2013.04.011	Division of Public Oral Health, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Community Dentistry, Oral and Dental Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Steve Biko Centre for Bioethics, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Bajomo, A.S., Division of Public Oral Health, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Ayo-Yusuf, O.A., Department of Community Dentistry, Oral and Dental Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Rudolph, M.J., Division of Public Oral Health, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Tsotsi, N.M., Steve Biko Centre for Bioethics, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Background/purpose This study examined the association between oral conditions in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients and the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among South African adults. Materials and methods Participants consisted of 175 HIV-positive adults who visited Johannesburg Hospital's outpatient HIV clinic. A systematic oral examination recorded the presence or absence of HIV-related lesions. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to determine participants' sociodemographic characteristics and access to dental care. It included items adapted from the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP), which measures the OHRQoL. Participants' OHIP scores were not normally distributed, thus were dichotomized as either less than or equal to the median score or greater than the median score: participants with above-median scores had a poorer OHRQoL. The data analysis included a multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analysis. Results In total, 109 (62.3%) subjects had multiple oral lesions. Those with more than two lesions were significantly more likely to report a poorer OHRQoL. Presenting with pseudomembranous candidiasis or erythematous candidal lesions, being female, and having visited a dentist in the last year were significantly associated with a poorer OHRQoL. Conclusion Oral candidal lesions were the most strongly associated with a poorer OHRQoL among the studied adult South African population living with HIV/AIDS. © 2013, Association for Dental Sciences of the Republic of China. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC. All rights reserved.	access to care; HIV/AIDS; oral health; oral lesions; quality of life	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892664600	Impact of process parameters on removal of Congo red by graphene oxide from aqueous solution	Debnath S., Maity A., Pillay K.	2014	Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering	2	1	10.1016/j.jece.2013.12.018	Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesberg, Johannesberg, South Africa; Smart Polymers Group, Materials Science and Manufacturing (MSM), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Civil and Chemical Engineering, University of South Africa (UNISA), South Africa	Debnath, S., Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesberg, Johannesberg, South Africa; Maity, A., Smart Polymers Group, Materials Science and Manufacturing (MSM), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Civil and Chemical Engineering, University of South Africa (UNISA), South Africa; Pillay, K., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesberg, Johannesberg, South Africa	This study evaluated the performance of graphene oxide in the removal of Congo red (CR) dye from aqueous solution. The adsorbent, graphene oxide (GO), was prepared from graphite and was characterized using FTIR, SEM and XRD. Batch sorption studies were carried out to determine the effect of pH, contact time, initial concentration of CR and temperature on the adsorption of CR onto GO. Circumneutral pH was found to be favorable for the adsorption of CR onto GO. The equilibrium data fitted well with the Redlich-Peterson model and characterized by a Langmuir type isotherm. The kinetics of the adsorption data was analyzed using four kinetic models viz. pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich model and intra-particle diffusion models. The results from the kinetic studies indicated that the rate of adsorption follows a pseudo-first-order with respect to the CR solution concentration and that in general the order of data fit is pseudo-first-order &gt; pseudo-second-order &gt; Elovich equation. The kinetic parameters obtained from the kinetic studies suggested that the adsorption process is film-diffusion-controlled. The results obtained from thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption process is endothermic in nature as well as the feasibility and spontaneity of CR adsorption onto GO. The values of ΔH and ΔS of the adsorption process were 8.19 kJ mol-1 and 0.10 kJ mol-1, respectively. The low value of ΔH (&lt;40 kJ mol-1) indicated that adsorption process occurs mainly through a physical means. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Batch adsorber; Congo red; Graphene oxide; Isotherm; Kinetics; Thermodynamics	Adsorbers; Congo red; Graphene oxides; Initial concentration; Intra-particle diffusion; Redlich-Peterson models; Solution concentration; Thermodynamic studies; Azo dyes; Dyes; Enzyme kinetics; Graphene; Isotherms; Kinetic parameters; Kinetic theory; Thermodynamics; Adsorption	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951094010	The impact of damaging exercise on electromechanical delay in biceps brachii	Howatson G.	2010	Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology	20	3	10.1016/j.jelekin.2009.08.002	School of Psychology and Sport Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Centre for Aquatic Research, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	Howatson, G., School of Psychology and Sport Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, United Kingdom, Centre for Aquatic Research, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	Electromechanical delay (EMD) can be a useful tool in providing information on muscle function changes following a number of exercise interventions. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effect of damaging exercise on EMD. Twelve volunteers completed 45 maximal lengthening contractions of the elbow flexors. Indices of muscle damage (maximum voluntary isometric torque and isokinetic torque (60s-1 and 210s-1), creatine kinase (CK), muscle soreness (DOMS)) were recorded pre-exercise, 48h and 96h post-exercise; electromyography was recorded from the belly of biceps brachii and EMD was determined during each contraction condition. Significant time effects were observed for all damage indices (P&lt;0.05). Whilst muscle function was close to full recovery at 96h, both CK and DOMS were significantly (P&lt;0.001) elevated above baseline. EMD was significantly greater at 96h for all contraction conditions (P≤0.017), but not at 48h. Damaging exercise induces alterations in EMD beyond the apparent recovery of maximal voluntary contractions, which is likely to be a reflection of the changes in post-synaptic events. These data have applications for the use of EMD as a tool for exercise prescription and monitoring recovery following strenuous damaging exercise. © 2009.	Electromyography; Exercise-induce muscle damage; Lengthening contractions; Post-synaptic events	creatine kinase; adult; arm muscle; article; biceps brachii muscle; controlled study; dynamometry; electromyography; excitation contraction coupling; exercise; flexor muscle; human; human experiment; male; muscle contraction; muscle function; muscle injury; muscle isometric contraction; myalgia; normal human; postsynaptic potential; priority journal; time; torque; visual analog scale; volunteer; Adult; Creatine Kinase; Cumulative Trauma Disorders; Humans; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Physical Exertion	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78249247420	In situ feeding rates and grazing impact of Mesopodopsis africana O. Tattersall in the St Lucia Estuary, South Africa	Carrasco N.K., Perissinotto R.	2010	Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology	396	1	10.1016/j.jembe.2010.09.008	School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, P. Bag X5 4001, Durban 4000, South Africa	Carrasco, N.K., School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, P. Bag X5 4001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Perissinotto, R., School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, P. Bag X5 4001, Durban 4000, South Africa	Mesopodopsis africana is an important mysid in southern African coastal zooplankton and a key species in the St Lucia estuarine lake, which is currently undergoing severe desiccation owing to freshwater deprivation. M. africana populations through much of the system are consequently under severe environmental stress. This study investigates the grazing dynamics of this mysid species, in relation to autotrophic food availability and other environmental constraints in two contrasting areas of the St Lucia Estuary, Charters Creek, heavily affected by the desiccation process and the Mouth, virtually under unchanged conditions. Gut evacuation experiments were conducted once each during the day and the night. Evacuation rates were consistently higher during the night, ranging from 0.27 to 0.33h-1 at Charters Creek and from 1.13 to 1.24h-1 at the Mouth. Ingestion rates were, therefore, higher at the Mouth resulting in population grazing impacts of 2.5% of the total microalgal biomass, while the grazing impact at Charters Creek was only 0.5%. The spatial variation in ingestion rates could be attributed to seasonal differences in gut evacuation rates, differences in the mean size of mysids used, or the physicochemical conditions present at the two stations. It is suggested that mysid populations at Charters Creek are predominantly driven by bottom-up forces, initiated by the harsh environmental conditions. Despite the lower ingestion rates exhibited at Charters Creek, results indicate that these mysids are capable of meeting all their energetic requirements from a microalgal diet alone, although they may also utilise a heterotrophic diet. © Elsevier B.V.	Feeding; Grazing impact; Mesopodopsis africana; Salinity; St Lucia Estuary; Turbidity	bioenergetics; biomass; body size; crustacean; diet; environmental constraint; environmental stress; estuarine ecosystem; experimental study; feeding behavior; food availability; freshwater; grazing; ingestion rate; microalga; physicochemical property; seasonal variation; spatial variation; turbidity; zooplankton; KwaZulu-Natal; Saint Lucia Estuary; South Africa; Mesopodopsis africana; Mysida	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-47249129999	Hydrochemical evaluation of the Voltaian system-The Afram Plains area, Ghana	Yidana S.M., Ophori D., Banoeng-Yakubo B.	2008	Journal of Environmental Management	88	4	10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.03.037	Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, NJ 07043, United States; Department of Geology, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 58, Legon, Ghana	Yidana, S.M., Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, NJ 07043, United States; Ophori, D., Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, NJ 07043, United States; Banoeng-Yakubo, B., Department of Geology, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 58, Legon, Ghana	Inverse geochemical modeling from PHREEQC, and multivariate statistical methods were jointly used to define the genetic origin of chemical parameters of groundwater from the Voltaian aquifers in the Afram Plains area. The study finds, from hierarchical cluster analysis that there are two main hydrochemical facies namely the calcium-sodium-chloride-bicarbonate waters and the magnesium-potassium-sulfate-nitrate waters in the northern and southern sections, respectively, of the Afram Plains area. This facies differentiation is confirmed by the distribution of the SO42-/Cl- ratio, which associates groundwater from the northern and southern sections to areas influenced by contact with evaporites and seawater, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation using the Kaiser criterion identifies four principal sources of variation in the hydrochemistry. Mineral saturation indices calculated from both major ions and trace elements, indicate saturation-supersaturation with respect to calcite, aragonite, k-mica, chlorite, rhodochrosite, kaolinite, sepiolite, and talc, and undersaturation with respect to albite, anorthite, and gypsum in the area. Inverse geochemical modeling along groundwater flowpaths indicates the dissolution of albite, anorthite and gypsum and the precipitation of kaolinite, k-mica, talc, and quartz. Both the PCA and inverse geochemical modeling identify the incongruent weathering of feldspars as the principal factors controlling the hydrochemistry in the Afram Plains area. General phase transfer equations have been developed to characterize the geochemical evolution of groundwater in the area. A very good relationship has been established between calcite and aragonite saturation indices in the Afram Plains area, with R2=1.00. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Afram plains; Hierarchical cluster analysis; Inverse modeling; PHREEQC; Principal component analysis	aluminum silicate; bicarbonate; calcium; calcium carbonate; calcium sulfate; chloride; ground water; magnesium; magnesium trisilicate; mineral; nitrate; potassium; sea water; silicon dioxide; sodium; sulfate; talc; trace element; aquifer; aragonite; bicarbonate; calcite; calcium; chloride; cluster analysis; feldspar; geochemistry; groundwater; hydrochemistry; magnesium; modeling; multivariate analysis; nitrate; potassium; principal component analysis; sodium; sulfate; article; calculation; evolution; geochemistry; Ghana; hydrology; model; multivariate analysis; precipitation; principal component analysis; Cluster Analysis; Ghana; Models, Theoretical; Multivariate Analysis; Water; Africa; Ghana; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-55249101047	Impact of land use on the biodiversity integrity of the moist sub-biome of the grassland biome, South Africa	O'Connor T.G., Kuyler P.	2009	Journal of Environmental Management	90	1	10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.10.012	Centre for African Ecology, School of A.P.E.S., University of the Witwatersrand, P.O. WITS 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; Centre for Environmental Management, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	O'Connor, T.G., Centre for African Ecology, School of A.P.E.S., University of the Witwatersrand, P.O. WITS 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; Kuyler, P., Centre for Environmental Management, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	South Africa's moist grassland harbours globally significant biodiversity, supplies essential ecosystem services, supports crop and livestock agriculture, forestry and settlement, yet is poorly conserved. Ongoing transformation and limited opportunity for expanding the protected area network require instead that biodiversity conservation is 'mainstreamed' within other land uses. This exercise sought to identify the relative compatibility of 10 land uses (conservation, livestock or game ranching, tourism/recreation, rural settlement, dryland cropping, irrigated cropping, dairy farming, plantation forestry, and urban settlement) with maintaining biodiversity integrity. This was assessed using 46 indicators for biodiversity integrity that covered landscape composition, structure, and functioning. Data was integrated into a single measure per land use through application of the analytic hierarchy process, with supporting information gained from interviews with experts. The rank order of importance amongst indicators was landscape structure, functioning and composition. Consistent differences among land uses for all three categories revealed two clear groupings. Conservation, livestock or game ranching had the lowest impact and retained substantial natural asset, while that for tourism/recreation was intermediate. All other land uses had a severe impact. Impact on biodiversity integrity depended mainly on the extent of transformation and fragmentation, which accounted for the greatest impact on habitats and species, and impairment of landscape functioning. It is suggested that a strategic intervention for maintaining biodiversity integrity of moist grassland is to support livestock or game ranching and limit ongoing urban sprawl. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Agriculture; Analytic hierarchy process; Biodiversity indicator; Ecosystem functioning; Forestry; Landscape; Livestock	analytical hierarchy process; biodiversity; bioindicator; biome; ecological impact; ecosystem function; ecosystem service; grassland; land use; article; conservation biology; controlled study; cropping system; dairying; environmental impact; environmental protection; grassland; habitat fragmentation; irrigation (agriculture); land use; landscape ecology; livestock; nonhuman; plantation; recreation; residential area; rural area; South Africa; species diversity; tourism; urban area; Agriculture; Animals; Biodiversity; Birds; Climate; Conservation of Natural Resources; Crops, Agricultural; Ecosystem; Environment; Forestry; Insects; Mammals; Poaceae; Soil; South Africa; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-58149100167	The impacts of anthropogenic factors on the environment in Nigeria	Madu I.A.	2009	Journal of Environmental Management	90	3	10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.08.009	Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria	Madu, I.A., Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria	Generally speaking, there has been a consensus on the primary drivers of anthropogenic induced environmental degradation. However, little progress has been made in determining the magnitude of the impacts, particularly in developing countries. This creates a lacuna that needs to be filled up. The purpose of this study therefore is to ascertain the degree of anthropogenic induced environmental impacts in Nigeria. To achieve the aim, fossil fuel consumption was used as a surrogate for carbon dioxide emissions while the magnitude of the impacts was determined by regression statistics and the STIRPAT model. The results show that only three variables, namely population, affluence and urbanization, were statistically significant and that the regression model accounts for 60% of the variation in the environmental impacts. However, population and affluence, which have ecological elasticities of 1.699 and 2.709, respectively, are the most important anthropogenic drivers of environmental impacts in Nigeria while urbanization, with an elasticity of -0.570, reduces the effect of the impacts. This implies that modernization brings about a reduction in environmental impacts. The paper therefore makes a significant contribution to knowledge by successfully testing the STIRPAT model in this part of the world and by being the first application of the model at political units below the regional or nation states. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Anthropogenic drivers; Ecological elasticity; Environment and development; Environmental impacts; Urbanization	anthropogenic effect; carbon dioxide; carbon emission; developing world; elasticity; environmental degradation; environmental impact; fossil fuel; modernization; nature-society relations; urbanization; Conservation of Natural Resources; Environment; Environmental Monitoring; Human Activities; Humans; Nigeria; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Lacuna	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67349103089	Soil erosion and risk-assessment for on- and off-farm impacts: A test case using the Midhurst area, West Sussex, UK	Boardman J., Shepheard M.L., Walker E., Foster I.D.L.	2009	Journal of Environmental Management	90	8	10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.01.018	Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Rd., Oxford, OX1 3QY, United Kingdom; Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; Department of Molecular and Applied Biosciences, School of Biosciences, University of Westminster, Cavendish Campus, 115 New Cavendish St., London, W1W 6UW, United Kingdom; Department of Geography, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140 Eastern Cape, South Africa	Boardman, J., Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Rd., Oxford, OX1 3QY, United Kingdom, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; Shepheard, M.L., Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Rd., Oxford, OX1 3QY, United Kingdom; Walker, E., Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Rd., Oxford, OX1 3QY, United Kingdom; Foster, I.D.L., Department of Molecular and Applied Biosciences, School of Biosciences, University of Westminster, Cavendish Campus, 115 New Cavendish St., London, W1W 6UW, United Kingdom, Department of Geography, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140 Eastern Cape, South Africa	Soil erosion on agricultural land is a growing problem in Western Europe and constitutes a threat to soil quality and to the ability of soils to provide environmental services. The off-site impacts of runoff and eroded soil, principally eutrophication of water bodies, sedimentation of gravel-bedded rivers, loss of reservoir capacity, muddy flooding of roads and communities, are increasingly recognised and costed. The shift of funding in the European Union (EU) from production-related to avoidance of pollution and landscape protection, raises issues of cross-compliance: public support for agriculture has to be seen to give value-for-money. In this context risk-assessment procedures have been introduced to help farmers recognise sites where either certain crops should not be grown or anti-erosion measures are required. In England, Defra [Defra, 2005a. Controlling Soil Erosion: a Manual for the Assessment and Management of Agricultural Land at Risk of Water Erosion in Lowland England. Revised September 2005. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, London] sets out a system of risk-assessment, including ranking of crops susceptible to erosion and anti-erosion measures, that may be selected. We assess this system using field data for an area of erodible soils in the Rother valley, Sussex. The Defra approach correctly identifies most at-risk fields and, taken together with land-use maps, allows non-compliance with advice to be highlighted. We suggest a simple extension to the system which would further identify at-risk fields in terms of possible damage to roads and rivers from muddy runoff. The increased risk of erosion in the study area is associated with certain crops: potatoes, winter cereals, maize and grazed turnips and seems unlikely to be the result of changes in rainfall which over the last 130 years are minimal. We have not evaluated proposed anti-erosion measures in the area because few have been put into practice. The European Water Framework Directive will increasingly focus attention on agricultural fields as a source of river pollution. Assessing the risk of erosion and the need for field testing of suggested approaches, are not simply issues for the EU, but for the management of global agricultural systems. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Agricultural change; Climate change; Erosion; Land-use change; Muddy floods; Off-site impacts; Risk-assessment	agricultural change; agricultural land; climate change; environmental impact; European Union; eutrophication; land use change; risk assessment; runoff; soil erosion; agriculture; article; cereal; climate change; environmental impact; environmental protection; land use; landscape; maize; potato; risk assessment; river; soil erosion; soil quality; United Kingdom; water pollution; Agriculture; Conservation of Natural Resources; Environmental Monitoring; Great Britain; Risk Assessment; Soil; England; Eurasia; Europe; United Kingdom; West Sussex; Western Europe; Solanum tuberosum; Zea mays	None
WoS	WOS:000270208400003	Monitoring in adaptive co-management: Toward a learning based approach	Cundill, Georgina,Fabricius, Christo	2009	JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT	90	11	10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.05.012	Rhodes University, Council for Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - South Africa, CSIR	"Fabricius, Christo: Rhodes University",	The recognition of complexity and uncertainty in natural resource management has lead to the development of a wealth of conceptual frameworks aimed at integrated assessment and complex systems monitoring. Relatively less attention has however been given to methodological approaches that might facilitate learning as part of the monitoring process. This paper reviews the monitoring literature relevant to adaptive co-management, with a focus on the synergies between existing monitoring frameworks, collaborative monitoring approaches and social learning. The paper discusses the role of monitoring in environmental management in general, and the challenges posed by scale and complexity when monitoring in adaptive co-management. Existing conceptual frameworks for monitoring relevant to adaptive co-management are reviewed, as are lessons from experiences with collaborative monitoring. The paper concludes by offering a methodological approach to monitoring that actively seeks to engender reflexive learning as a means to deal with uncertainty in natural resource management. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved	"adaptive co-management","collaborative monitoring",COMPLEXITY,"SOCIAL LEARNING","BUILDING RESILIENCE",CLIMATE-CHANGE,CONSERVATION,FRAMEWORK,"NATURAL-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT",PERSPECTIVE,"PROTECTED AREAS",SCALE,"SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS",WORLD	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77949264823	Performance of newly implemented Environmental Management Systems in primary schools in South Africa	Hens L., Wiedemann T., Raath S., Stone R., Renders P., Craenhals E.	2010	Journal of Environmental Management	91	4	10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.11.007	Department of Human Ecology, University of Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Museum Park Enviro Centre, Posbus 413, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Department LNE, Flemish Government, Koning Albert II-laan 20, bus 8, 1000 Brussels, Belgium	Hens, L., Department of Human Ecology, University of Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Wiedemann, T., Department of Human Ecology, University of Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Raath, S., Museum Park Enviro Centre, Posbus 413, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Stone, R., Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Renders, P., Department LNE, Flemish Government, Koning Albert II-laan 20, bus 8, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; Craenhals, E., Department LNE, Flemish Government, Koning Albert II-laan 20, bus 8, 1000 Brussels, Belgium	Quantitative results from Environmental Management Systems (EMS) at primary schools have rarely been examined in literature. This paper presents the monitoring results of environmental care in 39 primary schools in Northern South Africa. During 2 years, after the EMS was implemented in the curriculum and in the school's management, the progress of environmental performances of the participating schools has been measured, by means of detailed questionnaires, related to four environmental aspects: water, waste, energy and greening. At the beginning of the project, 50% of the schools performed well on water-related environmental actions. Two years later it was 76%. For waste-related activities the improvement was even stronger: from 50% to 100%. The environmental performances of the schools improved also for greening-related actions, from 50% at the start of the project to 64% two years later. Only energy-related activities did not improve significantly with only 24% of all schools performing well at the end of the survey period. In general, the introduction of an EMS succeeded in an improvement of the overall environmental performances of the schools, but cost-intensive activities were less successful than others. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Community participation; Environmental care; Environmental learning; Environmental Management Systems (EMS); Monitoring; Primary schools	curriculum; environmental education; environmental management; environmental monitoring; learning; local participation; primary education; academic achievement; article; awareness; controlled study; cost effectiveness analysis; education program; energy conservation; environmental management; environmental monitoring; primary school; questionnaire; South Africa; urban rural difference; waste management; water management; Conservation of Energy Resources; Conservation of Natural Resources; Environment, Controlled; Environmental Monitoring; Maintenance; Questionnaires; Schools; South Africa; Waste Management; Water; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650524187	Carbonation of brine impacted fractionated coal fly ash: Implications for CO2 sequestration	Nyambura M.G., Mugera G.W., Felicia P.L., Gathura N.P.	2011	Journal of Environmental Management	92	3	10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.10.008	Environmental and Nano Sciences Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Ecology and Resource Management, School of Environmental studies, University of Venda, Private bag, X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, Limpopo, South Africa	Nyambura, M.G., Environmental and Nano Sciences Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, Cape Town, South Africa; Mugera, G.W., Department of Ecology and Resource Management, School of Environmental studies, University of Venda, Private bag, X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, Limpopo, South Africa; Felicia, P.L., Environmental and Nano Sciences Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, Cape Town, South Africa; Gathura, N.P., Environmental and Nano Sciences Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, Cape Town, South Africa	Coal combustion by-products such as fly ash (FA), brine and CO2 from coal fired power plants have the potential to impact negatively on the environment. FA and brine can contaminate the soil, surface and ground water through leaching of toxic elements present in their matrices while CO2 has been identified as a green house gas that contributes significantly towards the global warming effect. Reaction of CO2 with FA/brine slurry can potentially provide a viable route for CO2 sequestration via formation of mineral carbonates. Fractionated FA has varying amounts of CaO which not only increases the brine pH but can also be converted into an environmentally benign calcite. Carbonation efficiency of fractionated and brine impacted FA was investigated in this study. Controlled carbonation reactions were carried out in a reactor set-up to evaluate the effect of fractionation on the carbonation efficiency of FA. Chemical and mineralogical characteristics of fresh and carbonated ash were evaluated using XRF, SEM, and XRD. Brine effluents were characterized using ICP-MS and IC. A factorial experimental approach was employed in testing the variables. The 20-150μm size fraction was observed to have the highest CO2 sequestration potential of 71.84kg of CO2 per ton of FA while the &gt;150μm particles had the lowest potential of 36.47kg of CO2 per ton of FA. Carbonation using brine resulted in higher degree of calcite formation compared to the ultra-pure water carbonated residues. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.	Brine; Carbonation efficiency; CO2 sequestration; Fly ash	calcium carbonate; carbon dioxide; coal; sea water; atmospheric pollution; brine; calcite; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; chemical alteration; coal; coal-fired power plant; fly ash; fuel consumption; greenhouse gas; pH; article; carbon sequestration; fly ash; fractional anisotropy; greenhouse effect; mass spectrometry; pH; scanning electron microscopy; X ray diffraction; Calcium Carbonate; Carbon; Carbon Dioxide; Coal; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Particulate Matter; Sodium Chloride; X-Ray Diffraction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881669290	Regional impact assessment of land use scenarios in developing countries using the FoPIA approach: Findings from five case studies	König H.J., Uthes S., Schuler J., Zhen L., Purushothaman S., Suarma U., Sghaier M., Makokha S., Helming K., Sieber S., Chen L., Brouwer F., Morris J., Wiggering H.	2013	Journal of Environmental Management	127	None	10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.10.021	Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany; Potsdam University, Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research (IGSNRR), CAS, 11A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur Post, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, India; Gadjah Mada University (GMU), Faculty of Geography, Sekip Utara Jalan Kaliurang Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; Institut des Régions Arides (IRA), Route de Jorf, 4119 Médenine, Tunisia; Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI), Kaptagat Rd, Loresho Nairobi Kenya, P.O. Box 57811, City Square, Nairobi 00200, Kenya; LEI, Part of Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 29703, 2502 LS The Hague, Netherlands; Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey GU10 4LH, United Kingdom	König, H.J., Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany, Potsdam University, Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Uthes, S., Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany; Schuler, J., Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany; Zhen, L., Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research (IGSNRR), CAS, 11A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; Purushothaman, S., Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur Post, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, India; Suarma, U., Gadjah Mada University (GMU), Faculty of Geography, Sekip Utara Jalan Kaliurang Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; Sghaier, M., Institut des Régions Arides (IRA), Route de Jorf, 4119 Médenine, Tunisia; Makokha, S., Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI), Kaptagat Rd, Loresho Nairobi Kenya, P.O. Box 57811, City Square, Nairobi 00200, Kenya; Helming, K., Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany; Sieber, S., Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany; Chen, L., LEI, Part of Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 29703, 2502 LS The Hague, Netherlands; Brouwer, F., LEI, Part of Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 29703, 2502 LS The Hague, Netherlands; Morris, J., Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey GU10 4LH, United Kingdom; Wiggering, H., Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany, Potsdam University, Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany	The impact of land use changes on sustainable development is of increasing interest in many regions of the world. This study aimed to test the transferability of the Framework for Participatory Impact Assessment (FoPIA), which was originally developed in the European context, to developing countries, in which lack of data often prevents the use of data-driven impact assessment methods. The core aspect of FoPIA is the stakeholder-based assessment of alternative land use scenarios. Scenario impacts on regional sustainability are assessed by using a set of nine regional land use functions (LUFs), which equally cover the economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainability. The cases analysed in this study include (1) the alternative spatial planning policies around the Merapi volcano and surrounding areas of Yogyakarta City, Indonesia; (2) the large-scale afforestation of agricultural areas to reduce soil erosion in Guyuan, China; (3) the expansion of soil and water conservation measures in the Oum Zessar watershed, Tunisia; (4) the agricultural intensification and the potential for organic agriculture in Bijapur, India; and (5) the land degradation and land conflicts resulting from land division and privatisation in Narok, Kenya. All five regions are characterised by population growth, partially combined with considerable economic development, environmental degradation problems and social conflicts. Implications of the regional scenario impacts as well as methodological aspects are discussed. Overall, FoPIA proved to be a useful tool for diagnosing regional human-environment interactions and for supporting the communication and social learning process among different stakeholder groups. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.	(Ex-ante) impact assessment; Developing countries; Indicators; Land use change; Scenario study; Stakeholder participation; Sustainable development	conservation planning; developing world; land use change; population growth; regional planning; social impact assessment; social participation; stakeholder; sustainable development; afforestation; agricultural land; article; crop production; developing country; economic development; ecosystem; environmental impact assessment; food industry; food security; forest; forestry; harvesting; human; land use; law enforcement; organic farming; policy; population growth; poverty; quality of life; rural area; rural population; social learning; soil erosion; sustainable development; urban area; urban population; Europe; (Ex-ante) impact assessment; Developing countries; Indicators; Land use change; Scenario study; Stakeholder participation; Sustainable development; Conservation of Natural Resources; Developing Countries; Environmental Monitoring	EC, European Commission
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879368925	Performance comparison and economics analysis of waste stabilization ponds and horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands treating domestic wastewater: A case study of the Juja sewage treatment works	Mburu N., Tebitendwa S.M., van Bruggen J.J.A., Rousseau D.P.L., Lens P.N.L.	2013	Journal of Environmental Management	128	None	10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.05.031	UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, Netherlands; Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 190, 50100 Kakamega, Kenya; University College West Flanders, EnBiChem Research Group, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium	Mburu, N., UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, Netherlands, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 190, 50100 Kakamega, Kenya; Tebitendwa, S.M., UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, Netherlands; van Bruggen, J.J.A., UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, Netherlands; Rousseau, D.P.L., University College West Flanders, EnBiChem Research Group, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium; Lens, P.N.L., UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, Netherlands	The performance, effluent quality, land area requirement, investment and operation costs of a full-scale waste stabilization pond (WSP) and a pilot scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSF-CW) at Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) were investigated between November 2010 to January 2011. Both systems gave comparable medium to high levels of organic matter and suspended solids removal. However, the WSP showed a better removal for Total Phosphorus (TP) and Ammonium (NH4 +-N). Based on the population equivalent calculations, the land area requirement per person equivalent of the WSP system was 3 times the area that would be required for the HSSF-CW to treat the same amount of wastewater. The total annual cost estimates consisting of capital, operation and maintenance (O&amp;M) costs were comparable for both systems. However, the evaluation of the capital cost of either system showed that it is largely influenced by the size of the population served, local cost of land and the construction materials involved. Hence, one can select either system in terms of treatment efficiency. When land is available other factor including the volume of wastewater or the investment, and O&amp;M costs determine the technology selection. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Economics; Horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands; Performance; Waste stabilization ponds	ammonia; organic matter; phosphorus; comparative study; constructed wetland; domestic waste; economic analysis; optimization; performance assessment; pollutant removal; pond; sewage treatment; spatiotemporal analysis; stabilization; subsurface flow; wastewater; article; constructed wetland; cost; domestic wastewater; environmental economics; pond; sewage; sewage treatment; suspended particulate matter; waste; waste water; waste water management; Economics; Horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands; Performance; Waste stabilization ponds; Ammonium Compounds; Costs and Cost Analysis; Humans; Kenya; Phosphorus; Ponds; Population Density; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Waste Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Quality; Wetlands	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896900864	Evaluation of pyrene sorption-desorption on tropical soils	Olu-Owolabi B.I., Diagboya P.N., Adebowale K.O.	2014	Journal of Environmental Management	137	None	10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.01.048	Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China	Olu-Owolabi, B.I., Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Diagboya, P.N., Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China; Adebowale, K.O., Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Sorption-desorption processes control soil-pollutant interactions. These processes determine the extent of pyrene transport in soils. Understanding sorption characteristics of pyrene is necessary in ascertaining its fate in soil. Laboratory batch experiments were conducted to study the sorptions-desorption of pyrene on eight soils from varying tropical agro-ecological zones (AEZs). The results showed that pyrene sorptions equilibria were attained within 720min. Solution pH had a reciprocal effect on pyrene sorptions. Sorption was exothermic and increased with pyrene concentration in solution. The quantities of pyrene sorbed by each soil as well as the hysteresis were proportional to the percentage organic matter, and to some degree, the clay mineralogy. Sorption isotherms showed distributed reactivity involving several linear and non-linear isotherms. The present investigation showed that pyrene is likely to be more available to biota and reach the aquifer faster in low organic matter soils than those with relatively higher organic matter and more so in warmer climes. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Agro-ecological zone; Pyrene; Sorption; Tropical soils	aluminum oxide; aluminum silicate; calcium carbonate; ferric hydroxide; ferric oxide; montmorillonite; organic matter; pyrene; soil organic matter; clay; pyrene; pyrene derivative; soil; soil pollutant; experimental study; organic matter; phase equilibrium; pollution control; pyrene; reaction kinetics; soil pollution; sorption; tropical soil; adsorption; article; controlled study; desorption; diffusion; isotherm; mineralogy; particle size; physical chemistry; physical phenomena; soil; soil acidity; soil property; sorption; surface soil; thermodynamics; chemical model; chemistry; kinetics; Nigeria; soil; soil pollutant; tropic climate; Adsorption; Aluminum Silicates; Kinetics; Models, Chemical; Nigeria; Pyrenes; Soil; Soil Pollutants; Thermodynamics; Tropical Climate	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904020684	Metrics to assess ecological condition, change, and impacts in sandy beach ecosystems	Schlacher T.A., Schoeman D.S., Jones A.R., Dugan J.E., Hubbard D.M., Defeo O., Peterson C.H., Weston M.A., Maslo B., Olds A.D., Scapini F., Nel R., Harris L.R., Lucrezi S., Lastra M., Huijbers C.M., Connolly R.M.	2014	Journal of Environmental Management	144	None	10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.05.036	School of Science and Engineering, The University of the Sunshine Coast, Q-4558 Maroochydore, Australia; Division of Invertebrates, The Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-6150, United States; UNDECIMAR, Facultad de Ciencias, Igua 4225, PO Box 10773, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay; Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC 28557, United States; Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States; Department of Biology, University of Florence, via Romana 17, 50125 Firenze, Italy; Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa; TREES-Tourism Research in Economic Environs and Society, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; Australian Rivers Institute, Coast and Estuaries, and School of Environment, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, QLD, 4222, Australia	Schlacher, T.A., School of Science and Engineering, The University of the Sunshine Coast, Q-4558 Maroochydore, Australia; Schoeman, D.S., School of Science and Engineering, The University of the Sunshine Coast, Q-4558 Maroochydore, Australia; Jones, A.R., Division of Invertebrates, The Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; Dugan, J.E., Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-6150, United States; Hubbard, D.M., Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-6150, United States; Defeo, O., UNDECIMAR, Facultad de Ciencias, Igua 4225, PO Box 10773, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay; Peterson, C.H., Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC 28557, United States; Weston, M.A., Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia; Maslo, B., Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States; Olds, A.D., School of Science and Engineering, The University of the Sunshine Coast, Q-4558 Maroochydore, Australia; Scapini, F., Department of Biology, University of Florence, via Romana 17, 50125 Firenze, Italy; Nel, R., Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa; Harris, L.R., Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa; Lucrezi, S., TREES-Tourism Research in Economic Environs and Society, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Lastra, M., Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; Huijbers, C.M., Australian Rivers Institute, Coast and Estuaries, and School of Environment, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, QLD, 4222, Australia; Connolly, R.M., Australian Rivers Institute, Coast and Estuaries, and School of Environment, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, QLD, 4222, Australia	Complexity is increasingly the hallmark in environmental management practices of sandy shorelines. This arises primarily from meeting growing public demands (e.g., real estate, recreation) whilst reconciling economic demands with expectations of coastal users who have modern conservation ethics. Ideally, shoreline management is underpinned by empirical data, but selecting ecologically-meaningful metrics to accurately measure the condition of systems, and the ecological effects of human activities, is a complex task. Here we construct a framework for metric selection, considering six categories of issues that authorities commonly address: erosion; habitat loss; recreation; fishing; pollution (litter and chemical contaminants); and wildlife conservation. Possible metrics were scored in terms of their ability to reflect environmental change, and against criteria that are widely used for judging the performance of ecological indicators (i.e., sensitivity, practicability, costs, and public appeal). From this analysis, four types of broadly applicable metrics that also performed very well against the indicator criteria emerged: 1.) traits of bird populations and assemblages (e.g., abundance, diversity, distributions, habitat use); 2.) breeding/reproductive performance sensu lato (especially relevant for birds and turtles nesting on beaches and in dunes, but equally applicable to invertebrates and plants); 3.) population parameters and distributions of vertebrates associated primarily with dunes and the supralittoral beach zone (traditionally focused on birds and turtles, but expandable to mammals); 4.) compound measurements of the abundance/cover/biomass of biota (plants, invertebrates, vertebrates) at both the population and assemblage level. Local constraints (i.e., the absence of birds in highly degraded urban settings or lack of dunes on bluff-backed beaches) and particular issues may require alternatives. Metrics - if selected and applied correctly - provide empirical evidence of environmental condition and change, but often do not reflect deeper environmental values per se. Yet, values remain poorly articulated for many beach systems; this calls for a comprehensive identification of environmental values and the development of targeted programs to conserve these values on sandy shorelines globally. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Biological monitoring; Coastal dunes; Ecological indicators; Environmental values; Sandy beaches; Wildlife conservation	beach; coastal zone management; dune; economic analysis; environmental change; environmental conditions; environmental management; environmental monitoring; human activity; shoreline; wild population; article; authority; biological trait; biomass; biota; bird; breeding; breeding success; cost; ecosystem; environmental change; environmental impact assessment; environmental management; erosion; fishing; habitat use; human; macroinvertebrate; nesting; nonhuman; population dynamics; public opinion; recreation; sandy beach; seashore; species composition; species distribution; species diversity; species richness; turtle; water contamination; water pollution; wildlife conservation; biological model; environmental monitoring; environmental protection; procedures; swimming; Bathing Beaches; Conservation of Natural Resources; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring; Models, Biological	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922678616	Managing uncertainty, ambiguity and ignorance in impact assessment by embedding evolutionary resilience, participatory modelling and adaptive management	Bond A., Morrison-Saunders A., Gunn J.A.E., Pope J., Retief F.	2015	Journal of Environmental Management	151	None	10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.12.030	School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom; School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North-West University, South Africa; Environmental Science, Murdoch University, Australia; Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Canada; Integral Sustainability, Australia	Bond, A., School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom, School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North-West University, South Africa; Morrison-Saunders, A., School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North-West University, South Africa, Environmental Science, Murdoch University, Australia; Gunn, J.A.E., Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Canada; Pope, J., School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North-West University, South Africa, Integral Sustainability, Australia; Retief, F., School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North-West University, South Africa	In the context of continuing uncertainty, ambiguity and ignorance in impact assessment (IA) prediction, the case is made that existing IA processes are based on false 'normal' assumptions that science can solve problems and transfer knowledge into policy. Instead, a 'post-normal science' approach is needed that acknowledges the limits of current levels of scientific understanding. We argue that this can be achieved through embedding evolutionary resilience into IA; using participatory workshops; and emphasising adaptive management. The goal is an IA process capable of informing policy choices in the face of uncertain influences acting on socio-ecological systems. We propose a specific set of process steps to operationalise this post-normal science approach which draws on work undertaken by the Resilience Alliance. This process differs significantly from current models of IA, as it has a far greater focus on avoidance of, or adaptation to (through incorporating adaptive management subsequent to decisions), unwanted future scenarios rather than a focus on the identification of the implications of a single preferred vision. Implementing such a process would represent a culture change in IA practice as a lack of knowledge is assumed and explicit, and forms the basis of future planning activity, rather than being ignored. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Adaptive management; Ambiguity; Evolutionary resilience; Ignorance; Post-normal science; Uncertainty	adaptive management; environmental impact assessment; environmental planning; numerical model; participatory approach; policy making; uncertainty analysis; adaptive environmental management; ambiguity; Article; ecosystem resilience; environmental impact assessment; quantitative analysis; uncertainty; environmental health; health impact assessment; human; theoretical model; uncertainty; Environmental Health; Health Impact Assessment; Humans; Models, Theoretical; Uncertainty	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955960146	Evaluation of natural radioactivity in soil, sediment and water samples of Niger Delta (Biseni) flood plain lakes, Nigeria	Agbalagba E.O., Onoja R.A.	2011	Journal of Environmental Radioactivity	102	7	10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.03.002	Department of Physics, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Nigeria; Dept. of Radiation Biophysics, Centre for Energy Research and Training, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Agbalagba, E.O., Department of Physics, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Nigeria; Onoja, R.A., Dept. of Radiation Biophysics, Centre for Energy Research and Training, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	This paper presents the findings of a baseline study undertaken to evaluate the natural radioactivity levels in soil, sediment and water samples in four flood plain lakes of the Niger Delta using a hyper pure germanium (HPGe) detector. The activity profile of radionuclides shows low activity across the study area. The mean activity level of the natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K is 20 ± 3, 20 ± 3 and 180 ± 50 Bq kg-1, respectively. These values are well within values reported elsewhere in the country and in other countries with similar environments. The study also examined some radiation hazard indices. The mean values obtained are, 76 ± 14 Bq kg-1, 30 ± 5.5 ηGy h-1, 37 ± 6.8 μSv y-1, 0.17 and 0.23 for Radium Equivalent Activity (Raeq), Absorbed Dose Rates (D), Annual Effective Dose Rates (Eff Dose), External Hazard Index (Hex) and Internal Hazard Index (Hin) respectively. All the health hazard indices are well below their recommended limits. The soil and sediments from the study area provide no excessive exposures for inhabitants and can be used as construction materials without posing any significant radiological threat to the population. The water is radiologically safe for domestic and industrial use. The paper recommends further studies to estimate internal and external doses from other suspected radiological sources to the population of the Biseni kingdom. © 2011.	Flood plain lakes; Natural radioactivity; Niger delta; Nigeria	Absorbed dose rate; Activity levels; Activity profile; Annual effective dose; Construction materials; External dose; External hazard index; Flood plain lakes; Flood plains; Hazard indices; Industrial use; Internal hazard index; Mean values; Natural radioactivity; Natural radionuclides; Niger Delta; Nigeria; Radiological sources; Radium equivalent activity; Soil and sediment; Study areas; Water samples; Anoxic sediments; Germanium; Health hazards; Health risks; Industrial applications; Lakes; Radiation; Radiation hazards; Radioisotopes; Radiology; Radiometry; Radium; Sedimentology; Soils; Radioactivity; germanium; potassium 40; radium 226; radon; thorium 232; water; detection method; floodplain; germanium; radioactive pollution; radioactivity; radionuclide; radium isotope; sediment pollution; soil pollution; thorium isotope; absorbed dose rate; annual effective dose rate; article; external hazard index; gamma radiation; internal hazard index; lake sediment; natural radioactivity; Nigeria; radiation detection; radiation exposure; radiation hazard; radiation safety; radiological parameters; radium equivalent activity; soil; Background Radiation; Fresh Water; Geologic Sediments; Nigeria; Potassium Radioisotopes; Radiation Monitoring; Radium; Soil; Thorium; Niger Delta; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-9644290819	Phytochemical screening and pharmacological evaluations for the antifertility effect of the methanolic root extract of Rumex steudelii	Gebrie E., Makonnen E., Debella A., Zerihun L.	2005	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	96	42371	10.1016/j.jep.2004.08.026	Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa Univ., P.O. Box 9086, A., Ethiopia; Department of Drug Research, Ethiopian Hlth. and Nutr. Res. Inst., P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Ethiopia; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa Univ., P.O. Box 9086, A., Ethiopia	Gebrie, E., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa Univ., P.O. Box 9086, A., Ethiopia; Makonnen, E., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa Univ., P.O. Box 9086, A., Ethiopia; Debella, A., Department of Drug Research, Ethiopian Hlth. and Nutr. Res. Inst., P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Ethiopia; Zerihun, L., Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa Univ., P.O. Box 9086, A., Ethiopia	The practice of traditional medicine for the control of fertility in most parts of Ethiopia is based on the uses of plant medicines for many years. The fact that herbal medicines have been employed for such a long time does not guarantee their efficacy and safety. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to carry out phytochemical screening, efficacy and safety studies on one of the traditionally used antifertility plants: Rumex steudelii. The secondary metabolites of the root of this plant were determined. The methanolic extract of the roots of this plant were investigated for their antifertility activity in female rats and oral LD 50 was determined in mice. The identification of the secondary metabolites showed that the roots of the plant contained phytosterols and polyphenols. It was found that the extract reduced significantly (p &lt; 0.01) the number of litters. It also produced antifertility effect in a dose dependent manner and the contraceptive effect was manifested for a definite period of time. Furthermore, the extract prolonged significantly the estrus cycle (p &lt; 0.05) and the diestrous phase (p &lt; 0.01) of the rats. The wet weights of the ovaries and uterus were shown to be reduced significantly (p &lt; 0.01) and (p &lt; 0.05), respectively. The oral LD 50 of the extract was found to be 5 g/kg in mice. All these observations suggest that the extract has antifertility effect and is safe at the effective antifertility doses employed in this study. © 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Antifertility; Estrus cycle; Female rats; LD 50; Rumex steudelii extract; Secondary metabolites	plant extract; Rumex steudelii extract; unclassified drug; animal experiment; article; contraception; controlled study; diestrus; drug effect; drug efficacy; drug safety; drug screening; estrus cycle; female; LD 50; male; medicinal plant; nonhuman; ovary; plant root; rat; rumex steudelii; statistical significance; uterus; Animals; Body Weight; Contraceptive Agents, Female; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Estrous Cycle; Female; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Methanol; Mice; Organ Size; Ovary; Plant Extracts; Plant Roots; Pregnancy; Rats; Rumex; Uterus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-17644375483	Evaluation of selected South African medicinal plants for inhibitory properties against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase and integrase	Bessong P.O., Obi C.L., Andréola M.-L., Rojas L.B., Pouységu L., Igumbor E., Meyer J.J.M., Quideau S., Litvak S.	2005	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	99	1	10.1016/j.jep.2005.01.056	Department of Microbiology, Univ. of Venda for Sci. and Technol., PMB X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; Center for Global Health, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 801379, Charlottesville, VA 22908-1379, United States; REGER, UMR-5097 CNRS, Univ. Victor Segalen, Bordeaux 2, 146 Rue Léo-Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; Lab. de Chim. des Substances Veg., Ctr. de Rech. en Chim. Moléc., Université de Bordeaux 1, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France; Inst. Europ. de Chimie et Biologie, 2 Rue Robert Escarpit, 33607 Pessac, France; Department of Botany, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Instituto de Investigaciones, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Los Andes, Venezuela	Bessong, P.O., Department of Microbiology, Univ. of Venda for Sci. and Technol., PMB X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa, Center for Global Health, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 801379, Charlottesville, VA 22908-1379, United States; Obi, C.L., Department of Microbiology, Univ. of Venda for Sci. and Technol., PMB X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; Andréola, M.-L., REGER, UMR-5097 CNRS, Univ. Victor Segalen, Bordeaux 2, 146 Rue Léo-Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; Rojas, L.B., Lab. de Chim. des Substances Veg., Ctr. de Rech. en Chim. Moléc., Université de Bordeaux 1, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France, Inst. Europ. de Chimie et Biologie, 2 Rue Robert Escarpit, 33607 Pessac, France, Instituto de Investigaciones, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Los Andes, Venezuela; Pouységu, L., Lab. de Chim. des Substances Veg., Ctr. de Rech. en Chim. Moléc., Université de Bordeaux 1, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France, Inst. Europ. de Chimie et Biologie, 2 Rue Robert Escarpit, 33607 Pessac, France; Igumbor, E., Department of Microbiology, Univ. of Venda for Sci. and Technol., PMB X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; Meyer, J.J.M., Department of Botany, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Quideau, S., Lab. de Chim. des Substances Veg., Ctr. de Rech. en Chim. Moléc., Université de Bordeaux 1, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France, Inst. Europ. de Chimie et Biologie, 2 Rue Robert Escarpit, 33607 Pessac, France; Litvak, S., REGER, UMR-5097 CNRS, Univ. Victor Segalen, Bordeaux 2, 146 Rue Léo-Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France	Seventeen aqueous and methanol extracts from nine South African medicinal plants, ethnobotanically selected, were screened for inhibitory properties against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). Isolated compounds were additionally evaluated on HIV-1 integrase (IN). The strongest inhibition against the RNA-dependent-DNA polymerase (RDDP) activity of RT was observed with the methanol extract of the stem-bark of Peltophorum africanum Sond. (Fabaceae) (IC50 3.5 μg/ml), while the methanol extract of the roots of Combretum molle R.Br. ex G. Don (Combretaceae) was the most inhibitory on the ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity (IC50 9.7 μg/ml). The known compounds bergenin and catechin, and a red coloured gallotannin composed of meta-depside chains of gallic and protocatechuic acids esterified to a 1-O-isobutyroly-β-d-glucopyranose core, were isolated from the methanol extract of the roots and stem-bark of Peltophorum africanum. The gallotannin inhibited the RDDP and RNase H functions of RT with IC50 values of 6.0 and 5.0 μM, respectively, and abolished the 3′-end processing activity of IN at 100 μM. Catechin showed no effect on RT but had a moderate activity on HIV-1 IN. Bergenin was inactive on both enzymes. The aqueous and methanol extracts were non-toxic in a HeLaP4 cell line at a concentration of 400 μg/ml. © 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Gallotannins; HIV-1; Integrase; Plant phenols; Reverse transcriptase; South African medicinal plants	bergenin; bridelia micranthra extract; catechin; combretum molle extract; elaodendron transvaalensis extract; Euphorbia extract; gallic acid; integrase; methanol; mucuna coriacea extract; peltophorum africanum extract; plant extract; protocatechuic acid; ribonuclease H; Ricinus communis extract; RNA directed DNA polymerase; sutherlandia frutescens extract; tannin; unclassified drug; vernonia stipulacea extract; virus enzyme; ziziphus mucronata extract; antiviral activity; article; Asteraceae; Celastraceae; Combretaceae; Combretum; controlled study; drug isolation; drug screening; enzyme activity; esterification; Euphorbia; human; human cell; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; IC 50; jujube; legume; medicinal plant; Rhamnaceae; Ricinus communis; South Africa; velvet bean; Vernonia; Anti-HIV Agents; Cell Survival; Combretum; DNA, Viral; Ethanol; HIV Integrase; HIV Integrase Inhibitors; HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase; Humans; Medicine, African Traditional; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Solvents; South Africa; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Water; Combretaceae; Combretum; Combretum molle; Fabaceae; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Peltophorum; Peltophorum africanum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-24644432106	Evaluation of five medicinal plants used in diarrhoea treatment in Nigeria	Agunu A., Yusuf S., Andrew G.O., Zezi A.U., Abdurahman E.M.	2005	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	101	03-Jan	10.1016/j.jep.2005.03.025	Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Human Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Agunu, A., Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Yusuf, S., Department of Human Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Andrew, G.O., Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Zezi, A.U., Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Abdurahman, E.M., Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Five medicinal plants [Acacia nilotica, Acanthospermun hispidum, Gmelina arborea, Parkia biglobosa and Vitex doniana] used in diarrhoeal treatment in Kaduna State, Nigeria, were investigated. This study was carried out on perfused isolated rabbit jejunum and castor oil-induced diarrhoea in mice. The aqueous methanol extracts (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mg/ml) were generally found to cause a dose-dependent response in the isolated rabbit jejunum, though this was not uniform in all the plants. Gmelina arborea and Vitex doniana showed concentration dependent relaxation at low doses (0.5, 1.0 mg/ml), but showed no significant relaxation at higher doses (2.0, 3.0 mg/ml). Other extracts showed biphasic effects. For example, Acacia nilotica at 3.0 mg/ml caused initial relaxation quickly followed by contraction. In the castor oil-induced diarrhoeal, 100% protections were shown by extracts of Acacia nilotica and Parkia biglobosa (100, 200 mg/kg) while Vitex doniana showed a dose-dependent effect. The least protection was shown by Acanthospermun hispidum, at the same dose, when compared with the other four plants. The results obtained revealed that the aqueous methanol extracts of all the five medicinal plants investigated have pharmacological activity against diarrhoea. This may explain their use in traditional medicine for the treatment of diarrhoea. © 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Antidiarrhoeal; Castor oil; Medicinal plants; Methanol extracts; Tissue relaxation	Acacia nilotica extract; acanthospermum hispidum extract; castor oil; Gmelina arborea extract; loperamide; methanol; Parkia biglobosa extract; plant extract; unclassified drug; vitex doniana extract; Acacia; acanthospermum hispidum; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; article; concentration (parameters); controlled study; diarrhea; drug activity; drug effect; drug screening; gmelina arborea; intestine contraction; jejunum; male; medicinal plant; mouse; muscle relaxation; Nigeria; nonhuman; Parkia biglobosa; rabbit; Vitex doniana; Acacia; Animals; Diarrhea; Jejunum; Male; Mice; Nigeria; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Rabbits; Vitex; Acacia nilotica; Gmelina arborea; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Parkia biglobosa; Vitex doniana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646524027	Evaluation of the mutagenic and antimutagenic effects of South African plants	Reid K.A., Maes J., Maes A., van Staden J., De Kimpe N., Mulholland D.A., Verschaeve L.	2006	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	106	1	10.1016/j.jep.2005.11.030	Expertise Centre of Environmental Toxicology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (Vito), Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium; Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Natural Products Research Group, School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban, Durban, 4041, South Africa	Reid, K.A., Expertise Centre of Environmental Toxicology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (Vito), Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium, Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Maes, J., Expertise Centre of Environmental Toxicology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (Vito), Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium; Maes, A., Expertise Centre of Environmental Toxicology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (Vito), Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium; van Staden, J., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; De Kimpe, N., Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Mulholland, D.A., Natural Products Research Group, School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban, Durban, 4041, South Africa; Verschaeve, L., Expertise Centre of Environmental Toxicology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (Vito), Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium	Dichloromethane and 90% methanol extracts of 42 South African plants were screened for mutagenicity and antimutagenicity using the Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay (Ames) against Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 bacterial strains in the presence and absence of metabolic activator S9. The methanol extracts from whole plants of Helichrysum simillimum, Helichrysum herbaceum and Helichrysum rugulosum indicated mutagenicity. These are the first reported tests on the mutagenicity of Helichrysum species. Six species indicated antimutagenic properties, all in the presence of S9: methanol leaf extract of Bauhinia galpinii, and dichloromethane leaf extracts of Bauhinia galpinii, Clerodendrum myricoides, Datura stramonium, Buddleja saligna, Millettia sutherlandii and Sutherlandia frutescens. © 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Ames test; Antimutagenicity; Mutagenicity; Traditional medicinal plants	Bauhinia galpinii extract; Buddleja saligna extract; catharanthus roseus extract; clerodendrum myricoides extract; coleonema album extract; Datura stramonium extract; dichloromethane; dioscorea dregeana extract; ekebergia capensis extract; Helichrysum herbaceum extract; Helichrysum rugulosum extract; Helichrysum simillimum extract; hypoxis hemerocallidea extract; maytenus senegalensis extract; methanol; millettia grandis extract; Millettia sutherlandii extract; Nauclea latifolia extract; olea africana extract; Phyllanthus amarus extract; phytolacca octandra extract; plant extract; pleurostylia capensis extract; rhus chirindensis extract; rhus rehrianmana extract; Sutherlandia frutescens extract; tulbaghia violaceae extract; unclassified drug; unindexed drug; uvaria chamae extract; xysmalobium undulatum extract; Ames test; angiosperm; Araliaceae; article; Asclepiadaceae; Asteraceae; bacterial strain; Bauhinia; Buddleja; Catharanthus roseus; Celastraceae; Clerodendrum; Datura stramonium; drug activity; drug effect; drug screening; Flacourtiaceae; Helichrysum; Hypoxis; Hyptis; Maytenus; medicinal plant; Meliaceae; metabolic activation; Millettia; mutagenicity; nonhuman; olive tree; Phyllanthus amarus; poison ivy; pokeweed; Rubiaceae; Rutaceae; Salmonella typhimurium; South Africa; Sterculiaceae; strophanthus; Uvaria; Antimutagenic Agents; Datura stramonium; Helichrysum; Medicine, African Traditional; Methanol; Methylene Chloride; Mutagenicity Tests; Mutagens; Plant Extracts; Plants; Salmonella typhimurium; South Africa; Apocynaceae; Araliaceae; Asteraceae; Bacteria (microorganisms); Bauhinia; Bauhinia galpinii; Buddleja; Buddleja saligna; Catharanthus roseus; Celastraceae; Clerodendrum; Coleonema album; Datura stramonium; Dioscorea dregeana; Ekebergia capensis; Flacourtiaceae; Hedera; Helichrysum; Helichrysum rugulosum; Hypoxis; Hypoxis hemerocallidea; Hyptis; Magnoliophyta; Malvaceae; Maytenus; Maytenus senegalensis; Meliaceae; Millettia; Millettia grandis; Nauclea latifolia; Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata; Phyllanthus amarus; Phytolacca octandra; Phytolaccaceae; Pleurostylia; Rhus; Rotheca myricoides; Rubiaceae; Rutaceae; Salmonella typhimurium; Strophanthus; Sutherlandia frutescens; Tulbaghia; Uvaria; Uvaria chamae; Violaceae; Xysmalobium undulatum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749344765	Evaluation of the antidiarrhoeal activity of Byrsocarpus coccineus	Akindele A.J., Adeyemi O.O.	2006	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	108	1	10.1016/j.jep.2006.03.038	Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B 12003, Lagos, Nigeria	Akindele, A.J., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Adeyemi, O.O., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B 12003, Lagos, Nigeria	Based on its use in traditional African medicine, the antidiarrhoeal activity of the aqueous leaf extract of Byrsocarpus coccineus, Connaraceae, was evaluated on normal and castor oil-induced intestinal transit, castor oil-induced diarrhoea, enteropooling and gastric emptying. The extract (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) produced a significant (P &lt; 0.05) dose dependent decrease in propulsion in the castor oil-induced intestinal transit in mice. The mean peristaltic index (%) for these doses of extract, control (distilled water; 10 ml/kg, p.o.) and morphine (10 mg/kg, s.c.) were 55.27 ± 1.86, 53.12 ± 3.73, 38.60 ± 3.79, 30.25 ± 1.27, 89.33 ± 5.62 and 20.29 ± 3.38, respectively. The effect of the extract at the highest dose was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) lower than that of the standard drug. This effect was antagonised by yohimbine (1 mg/kg, s.c.) but not by isosorbide dinitrate (IDN, 150 mg/kg, p.o.). At 200 mg/kg, the extract produced a significant decrease in propulsion in normal intestinal transit. In a dose dependent manner, it delayed the onset of diarrhoea, produced a significant decrease in the frequency of defaecation, severity of diarrhoea and protected the mice treated with castor oil. Mean diarrhoea scores were 30.83 ± 1.72, 22.40 ± 1.71, 21.43 ± 1.32, 13.80 ± 0.33, 18.00 ± 3.94 and 7.67 ± 2.41 for control, extract (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) and morphine, respectively. This effect was not antagonized by IDN. The extract (400 mg/kg) significantly decreased the volume (ml) of intestinal fluid secretion induced by castor oil (0.60 ± 0.23) compared with 1.27 ± 0.12 for control. However, there was no significant effect on gastric emptying. The results obtained suggest that Byrsocarpus coccineus possesses antidiarrhoeal activity due to its inhibitory effect on gastrointestinal propulsion, mediated through α2 adrenoceptors, and also inhibition of fluid secretion. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, reducing sugars, glycosides and anthraquinones. © 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Antidiarrhoeal; Byrsocarpus coccineus; Castor oil-induced diarrhoea; Intestinal transit	alpha 2 adrenergic receptor; Byrsocarpus coccineus extract; castor oil; isosorbide dinitrate; morphine; plant extract; unclassified drug; water; yohimbine; acute toxicity; animal experiment; animal model; antidiarrheal activity; article; Byrsocarpus coccineus; controlled study; diarrhea; dose response; drug activity; female; gastrointestinal motility; intestine fluid; intestine motility; intestine secretion; intestine transit time; male; medicinal plant; mouse; nonhuman; peristalsis; rat; stomach emptying; Animals; Antidiarrheals; Connaraceae; Diarrhea; Female; Gastrointestinal Transit; Male; Mice; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plant Preparations; Rats; Byrsocarpus coccineus; Connaraceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846848105	Evaluation of Athrixia bush tea for cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, caffeine content and presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids	McGaw L.J., Steenkamp V., Eloff J.N.	2007	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	110	1	10.1016/j.jep.2006.08.029	Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, PO Box 2034, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	McGaw, L.J., Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Steenkamp, V., Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, PO Box 2034, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Eloff, J.N., Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa	In South Africa, Athrixia phylicoides DC. (bush tea) is widely used as a beverage, cough remedy and purgative. The commercialization of this tea in a similar vein to rooibos (Aspalathus linearis), is being considered. Traditional infusions and decoctions, as well as water and ethanol extracts, were prepared and screened. A related species, Athrixia elata Sond. (daisy tea), was included in many of the assays as a comparison. Extracts of Athrixia phylicoides and Athrixia elata were tested for toxic effects to brine shrimp larvae and the Vero kidney cell line. In both assays, the traditional preparations and aqueous extracts had little effect, but the ethanol extracts were relatively toxic. Antioxidant activity comparable to that found in rooibos was established. No detectable levels of caffeine were present in the Athrixia extracts following analysis using TLC and I/HCl spray reagent. Neither screening using spectrophotometry nor confirmation using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses showed evidence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Athrixia phylicoides. Although a wider range of studies needs to be conducted prior to commercialization, these results support the development of bush tea as a healthy alternative to caffeine-containing beverages. © 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Antioxidant; Asteraceae; Athrixia; Caffeine; Cytotoxicity; Pyrrolizidine alkaloids	antioxidant; Athrixia extract; berberine; caffeine; cytotoxic agent; podophyllotoxin; pyrrolizidine alkaloid; unclassified drug; animal cell; animal experiment; Artemia; article; Asteraceae; Athrixia; Athrixia elata; Athrixia phylicoides; drug cytotoxicity; drug isolation; nonhuman; Vero cell; Animals; Antioxidants; Artemia; Beverages; Caffeine; Cell Line; Drug Toxicity; Humans; Kidney; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids; Solvents; South Africa; Artemia; Aspalathus linearis; Asteraceae; Athrixia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34247235241	Evaluation of antiplasmodial activity of ethanolic seed extract of Picralima nitida	Okokon J.E., Antia B.S., Igboasoiyi A.C., Essien E.E., Mbagwu H.O.C.	2007	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	111	3	10.1016/j.jep.2006.12.016	Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, N	Okokon, J.E., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Antia, B.S., Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Igboasoiyi, A.C., Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Essien, E.E., Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Mbagwu, H.O.C., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria	The in vivo antiplasmodial activity of the ethanol seed extract of Picralima nitida grown particularly for the leaf and seed in Niger Delta region of Nigeria was evaluated in Plasmodium berghei berghei infected mice. Picralima nitida (35-115 mg/kg day) exhibited significant (P < 0.05) blood schizonticidal activity both in 4-day early infection test and in established infection with a considerable mean survival time though not comparable to that of the standard drug, chloroquine, 5 mg/kg day. The seed extract possesses significant (P < 0.05) antiplasmodial activity which correlate with it reported in vitro activity. © 2007.	Antiplasmodial; Malaria; Picralima nitida	chloroquine; Picralima nitida extract; plant extract; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; Apocynaceae; article; controlled study; drug dose comparison; drug efficacy; drug mechanism; female; malaria; male; mouse; nonhuman; parasitosis; picralima nitida; Plasmodium berghei; seed; survival; Animals; Antimalarials; Apocynaceae; Chloroquine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Lethal Dose 50; Malaria; Male; Mice; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plasmodium berghei; Seeds; Survival Rate; Mus; Picralima nitida; Plasmodium berghei	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34247216261	Evaluation of anti-diarrhoeal and anti-ulcerogenic potential of ethanol extract of Carpolobia lutea leaves in rodents	Nwafor P.A., Bassey A.I.L.	2007	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	111	3	10.1016/j.jep.2007.01.019	Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, PMB 1017, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria	Nwafor, P.A., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, PMB 1017, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria; Bassey, A.I.L., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, PMB 1017, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria	The effect of ethanol extract of Carpolobia lutea leaves on experimentally induced diarrhoea and ulcers was studied in rodents. The extract (245-735 mg/kg) inhibited small intestinal transit time (15.10-45.03%), castor oil-induced diarrhoea (25.69-43.54%) and fluid accumulation (7.53-34.15%), respectively, as well as indomethancin (47.64-79.79%) and ethanol-induced (65.63-89.65%) ulcer models. The various degrees of inhibitions were statistically significant (p &lt; 0.001). The phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of tannins, saponins and flavonoids. Others include cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones and terpenes. The median lethal dose (LD50) was determined to be 2449.49 mg/kg body weight. Though the mechanism of action of the extract may not be fully understood, the extract may in part be mediating its actions through its inhibitory effects on α2-adrenoceptor and cholinergic (anti-muscarinic receptor) systems or through the actions of its active metabolites. © 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Anti-diarroheal; Anti-ulcerogenic; Carpolobia lutea leaves; Ethanol extract; Rodents	alcohol; alpha 2 adrenergic receptor; anthraquinone derivative; cardiac glycoside; Carpolobia lutea extract; castor oil; cholinergic receptor; cimetidine; diphenoxylate; flavonoid; indometacin; plant extract; saponin derivative; tannin derivative; terpene derivative; unclassified drug; yohimbine; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; article; controlled study; diarrhea; drug activity; drug mechanism; intestine transit time; intestine ulcer; LD 50; mouse; nonhuman; Polygalaceae; rat; Acetylcholine; Animals; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Antidiarrheals; Diarrhea; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gastrointestinal Transit; Lethal Dose 50; Medicine, African Traditional; Mice; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plants, Medicinal; Polygalaceae; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Stomach Ulcer; Carpolobia; Rodentia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548397092	In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the antitrypanosomal activity of fractions of Holarrhena africana	Nwodo N.J., Brun R., Osadebe P.O.	2007	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	113	3	10.1016/j.jep.2007.07.018	Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland	Nwodo, N.J., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Brun, R., Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; Osadebe, P.O., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	The aqueous extract of young leaves of Holarrhena africana, a plant used in the Nigerian traditional medicine, exhibited good activity against Trypanosoma brucei spp. The extract was fractionated and eight fractions were obtained. One fraction designated as HaF5 showed in vitro activity against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense with an IC50 value of 0.785 μg/mg and no overt cytotoxicity against L-6 cells. Fraction HaF5 was tested in vivo at two doses and found to exhibit in vivo efficacy in Trypanosoma brucei brucei infected mice leading to a complete disappearance of parasitaemia followed by a relapse. © 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Fractionation; Holarrhena africana; In vitro and in vivo activity; Trypanosoma brucei spp.	antitrypanosomal agent; holarrhena africana extract; plant extract; unclassified drug; animal cell; animal experiment; animal model; article; controlled study; cytotoxicity; drug screening; female; fractionation; Holarrhena; IC 50; male; mouse; nonhuman; parasitemia; rat; relapse; traditional medicine; Trypanosoma brucei; Trypanosoma rhodesiense; trypanosomiasis; Animals; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Female; Holarrhena; Male; Medicine, African Traditional; Mice; Nigeria; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Rats; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosoma brucei brucei; Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense; Trypanosomiasis, African; Holarrhena; Mus; Trypanosoma brucei; Trypanosoma brucei brucei; Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-53449083087	Ethnoveterinary use of southern African plants and scientific evaluation of their medicinal properties	McGaw L.J., Eloff J.N.	2008	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	119	3	10.1016/j.jep.2008.06.013	Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa	McGaw, L.J., Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Eloff, J.N., Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa	Aim of the study: Livestock keepers in many developing countries with restricted access to orthodox veterinary healthcare services commonly use traditional remedies to treat their animals when disease is encountered. This review collates the documented use of plants in South Africa for healing various ailments in domestic animals, and records bioactivity testing that has been carried out on these plants. Materials and methods: A literature survey was conducted on the use of plants in South African ethnoveterinary medicine (EVM), as well as on biological activity investigations relating to their ethnoveterinary use where available. Results: The ethnoveterinary application of plants, and results of screening studies of EVM plant extracts in various bioassays is presented. For diseases such as coughs, wounds, skin diseases, mild diarrhoea and reproductive disorders, EVM may be a cheap and easily accessible alternative to expensive pharmaceuticals. Studies on biological activity of EVM plants can provide indications of promising leads for extracts that can be developed into standardized medications to be used on a commercial basis. Isolation studies on active plants may yield pure active compounds that could be chemically modified to optimize medicinal value and reduce possible toxic effects. Conclusion: In South Africa, a large proportion of the population relies on traditional remedies to treat themselves and their animals for common diseases. Only a small percentage of EVM plants have been analysed for biological activity or toxic effects, and hence research in this field offers fertile possibilities for future investigation. © 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Ethnoveterinary medicine; Livestock disease; South Africa; Traditional remedies	plant extract; animal disease; article; bioassay; biological activity; chemical modification; Cissus quadrangularis; Combretum; Combretum caffrum; coughing; diarrhea; drug screening; ethnopharmacology; Gunnera perpensa; Jatropha; Jatropha zeyheri; medicinal plant; nonhuman; Peltophorum africanum; plant; reproduction; Salix capensis; skin disease; South Africa; standardization; veterinary medicine; willow; wound; Ziziphus mucronata; Animals; Indicators and Reagents; Medicine, African Traditional; Phytotherapy; Plants, Medicinal; South Africa; Veterinary Medicine; Animalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-53449089311	Impact of traditional medicinal plant extracts on antiretroviral drug absorption	Brown L., Heyneke O., Brown D., van Wyk J.P.H., Hamman J.H.	2008	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	119	3	10.1016/j.jep.2008.06.028	Department of Pharmacy, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), P.O. Box 218, Ga-Rankuwa 0204, South Africa; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), P.O. Box 225, Ga-Rankuwa 0204, South Africa; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	Brown, L., Department of Pharmacy, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), P.O. Box 218, Ga-Rankuwa 0204, South Africa; Heyneke, O., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), P.O. Box 225, Ga-Rankuwa 0204, South Africa; Brown, D., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; van Wyk, J.P.H., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), P.O. Box 225, Ga-Rankuwa 0204, South Africa; Hamman, J.H., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	Ethopharmacological relevance: Traditional herbal medicines are often used for the treatment of different diseases in developing countries, especially in the rural areas where a lack of an efficient primary health care system is usually experienced. Many patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus are taking traditional herbal medicines in conjunction with their modern antiretroviral medication and drug-herb interactions can occur in these cases. Aim of the study: To investigate the effect of water extracts of two traditional medicinal plants, Hypoxis hemerocallidea and Sutherlandia frutescens as well as l-canavanine (a constituent of Sutherlandia frutescens) on the transport of nevirapine across human intestinal epithelial cells. Materials and methods: Nevirapine transport in the apical to basolateral and basolateral to apical directions across Caco-2 cell monolayers was determined alone (normal control) and in the presence of verapamil (positive control), water extracts of Hypoxis hemerocallidea and Sutherlandia frutescens and an aqueous solution of l-canavanine. The cumulative transport and apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) values were calculated and compared. Results: Nevirapine alone was substantially effluxed in the basolateral to apical direction across the intestinal epithelial cell monolayers, which was statistically significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased by addition of verapamil, Hypoxis hemerocallidea extract and the l-canavinine solution. The effect of Sutherlandia frutescens on nevirapine transport was not statistically significantly different from the control. Conclusions: Hypoxis hemerocallidea and l-canavanine interact with the efflux of nevirapine across intestinal epithelial cells and therefore can potentially increase the bioavailability of this antiretroviral drug when taken concomitantly. © 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Absorption; Antiretroviral drug; Drug-herb interaction; Efflux; Hypoxis hemerocallidea; Sutherlandia frutescens	antiretrovirus agent; canavanine; Hypoxis hemerocallidea extract; nevirapine; plant extract; Sutherlandia frutescens extract; unclassified drug; verapamil; article; controlled study; drug transport; herb drug interaction; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; human cell; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Hypoxis; Hypoxis hemerocallidea; intestine epithelium; monolayer culture; Sutherlandia; Sutherlandia frutescens; traditional medicine; Anti-HIV Agents; Caco-2 Cells; Calcium Channel Blockers; Canavanine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Combinations; Fabaceae; Humans; Hypoxis; Intestinal Absorption; Medicine, African Traditional; Nevirapine; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; South Africa; Suspensions; Verapamil; Human immunodeficiency virus; Hypoxis hemerocallidea; Sutherlandia frutescens	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-57949084196	In vitro pharmacological evaluation of three Barleria species	Amoo S.O., Finnie J.F., Van Staden J.	2009	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	121	2	10.1016/j.jep.2008.10.035	Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa	Amoo, S.O., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa; Finnie, J.F., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa; Van Staden, J., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa	Ethnopharmacological relevance: Various parts of Barleria prionitis L. (Acanthaceae) are used in traditional medicine to treat infection-related ailments. A comparison of their activities and knowledge of their mechanisms of action are important for drug development and conservation. Aims of the study: This study investigated the antibacterial effects and underlying mechanisms of action of the anti-inflammatory activities of different parts of three Barleria species of South African origin. Materials and methods: Crude extracts of different parts of three Barleria species were investigated in vitro for their biological activity. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the micro-dilution assay against two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacteria. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the cyclooxygenase COX-1 and COX-2 assays. Results: All the extracts showed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.059 to 6.25 mg/ml. Twelve out of 21 crude extracts evaluated showed good activity (>70%) in the COX-1 assay while 10 extracts showed good activity in the COX-2 assay. All the petroleum ether extracts (except B. prionitis stem) exhibited good inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in COX-1. Conclusion: The results demonstrated the therapeutic potential of these plants as antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agents. Their anti-inflammatory properties are mediated by the inhibition of the cyclooxygenase enzymes. © 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Anti-inflammatory; Antibacterial; Barleria species; COX-1; COX-2	Barleria albostellata extract; Barleria greenii extract; Barleria prionitis extract; cyclooxygenase 1; cyclooxygenase 2; petroleum ether; plant extract; unclassified drug; Acanthaceae; antibacterial activity; antiinflammatory activity; article; controlled study; dilution; drug activity; enzyme inhibition; Gram negative bacterium; Gram positive bacterium; in vitro study; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; plant leaf; plant root; plant stem; prostaglandin synthesis inhibition; South Africa; species difference; traditional medicine; Acanthaceae; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cyclooxygenase 1; Cyclooxygenase 2; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Medicine, African Traditional; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Plant Extracts; Prostaglandins; South Africa; Acanthaceae; Barleria; Barleria prionitis; Negibacteria; Posibacteria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67349248068	Evaluation of the antidiarrhoeal effect of Sanseviera liberica Gerome & Labroy (Agavaceae) root extract	Adeyemi O.O., Akindele A.J., Ogunleye E.A.	2009	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	123	3	10.1016/j.jep.2009.03.023	Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P. M. B. 12003, Lagos, Nigeria	Adeyemi, O.O., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P. M. B. 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Akindele, A.J., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P. M. B. 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Ogunleye, E.A., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P. M. B. 12003, Lagos, Nigeria	Ethnopharmacological relevance: The aqueous root extract of Sanseviera liberica (Agavaceae), SL, is used in Traditional African Medicine (TAM) for the treatment of diarrhoea. However, the scientific basis for this usage has not been established. Aim of the study: To evaluate the antidiarrhoeal activity of SL using various pharmacological models. Materials and methods: The intestinal transit, castor oil induced diarrhoea, enteropooling, and gastric emptying methods were used in this study. Results: SL (25-400 mg/kg, p.o.) produced significant (P &lt; 0.05) dose dependent reduction in propulsive movement in both the normal and castor oil induced intestinal transit tests in mice. Peak effect was elicited at 200 mg/kg but this effect was lower than that produced by morphine (10 mg/kg, s.c.). The effect of SL on castor oil induced intestinal transit was antagonized by isosorbide dinitrate, IDN (150 mg/kg, p.o.) but not by yohimbine (1 mg/kg, s.c.). In the castor oil induced diarrhoea test, SL significantly delayed the onset and decreased the frequency and severity of diarrhoea. The effect at 200 mg/kg was comparable to that of morphine and was reversed by IDN. SL at the dose of 200 mg/kg significantly reduced the volume of intestinal secretion induced by castor oil but produced no effect on gastric emptying. The extract was practically nontoxic administered p.o. The LD50 was 631 mg/kg given i.p. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of oils, reducing sugars, alkaloids, saponins, anthraquinones, and tannins in the extract. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study suggest that the aqueous root extract of Sanseviera liberica possesses antidiarrhoeal property due to inhibition of gastrointestinal propulsion and fluid secretion, possibly mediated through inhibition of the nitric oxide pathway. This justifies the use of the plant extract in TAM for the treatment of diarrhoea. © 2009.	Antidiarrhoeal activity; Diarrhoea; Enteropooling; Gastric emptying; Intestinal transit; Sanseviera liberica	alkaloid derivative; anthraquinone derivative; antidiarrheal agent; castor oil; isosorbide dinitrate; morphine; nitric oxide; oil; plant extract; Sanseviera liberica extract; saponin derivative; sugar; tannin derivative; unclassified drug; yohimbine; Africa; animal experiment; animal model; aqueous solution; article; controlled study; diarrhea; disease severity; dose response; drug antagonism; drug dose comparison; female; gastrointestinal transit; intestine fluid; intestine secretion; LD 50; male; mouse; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant root; rat; stomach acid secretion; stomach emptying; traditional medicine; treatment outcome; treatment response; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Antidiarrheals; Castor Oil; Diarrhea; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Gastrointestinal Transit; Intestines; Isosorbide Dinitrate; Male; Medicine, African Traditional; Mice; Morphine; Narcotics; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Rats; Sansevieria; Vasodilator Agents; Yohimbine; Agavaceae; Mus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350335319	Further evaluation of antihyperglycaemic activity of Hunteria umbellata (K. Schum) Hallier f. seed extract in experimental diabetes	Adeneye A.A., Adeyemi O.O.	2009	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	126	2	10.1016/j.jep.2009.08.037	Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria	Adeneye, A.A., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria; Adeyemi, O.O., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria	Ethnopharmacological relevance: In African traditional medicine, water decoction made from the dry seeds of Hunteria umbellata (K. Schum) Hallier f. is highly valued in the management of diabetes mellitus. Aim: In the present study, the antihyperglycaemic activity of the seed aqueous extract of Hunteria umbellate (K. Schum) Hallier f. (HU) was investigated in alloxan-induced, high fructose- and dexamethasone-induced hyperglycaemic rats. Materials and methods: Alloxan-induced, dexamethasone-induced and high fructose-induced hyperglycaemic rats were treated with single, daily oral administration of 1 mg/kg of glibenclamide, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of HU in Groups III, IV, V and VI, for 14 days, 21 days and 8 weeks, respectively. The effects of these drugs on FBG, free plasma insulin levels, HbA1c, serum TG and TC, and insulin resistance indices were investigated. Results: Data generated in the current study showed that glibenclamide and graded oral doses of HU caused significant dose related (p &lt; 0.05, &lt;0.01 and &lt;0.001) reductions in FBG when compared to the values obtained for the model control (Group II) rats. Similarly, daily oral administration of 66.7 g/kg fructose to rats for 8 weeks was associated with significant (p &lt; 0.001) hyperglycaemia, elevations in plasma HbA1c, free insulin, fasting insulin resistance indices, serum TG, and cholesterol. However, concomitant oral treatments with 1 mg/kg of glibenclamide, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg of HU extract significantly and dose dependently (p &lt; 0.05, &lt;0.01 and &lt;0.001) attenuated development of hyperglycaemia, decreased levels of plasma HbA1c, free insulin, and serum triglyceride and cholesterol, in the Groups III, IV, V and VI rats, respectively, when compared to fructose-induced hyperglycaemic (Group II) rats. Similar effect was also recorded in the dexamethasone-induced hyperglycaemic rats. Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that the hypoglycaemic and antihyperlipidaemic effects of HU are mediated via enhanced peripheral glucose uptake and improvements in hyperinsulinaemia. © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Antihyperglycaemia; Antihyperlipidaemia; Experimental diabetes; Fasting insulin indices; Hunteria umbellata (K. Schum) Hallier f.	cholesterol; dexamethasone; fructose; glibenclamide; glucose; hemoglobin A1c; herbaceous agent; Hunteria umbellata extract; insulin; triacylglycerol; unclassified drug; alloxan diabetes mellitus; animal experiment; animal model; Apocynaceae; article; cholesterol blood level; controlled study; dose response; drug dose comparison; glucose blood level; glucose transport; hemoglobin blood level; Hunteria umbellata; hyperglycemia; hyperinsulinemia; insulin blood level; insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; insulin resistance; male; morning dosage; non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; nonhuman; rat; repeated drug dose; single drug dose; triacylglycerol blood level; Animals; Apocynaceae; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fructose; Glyburide; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Male; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Random Allocation; Rats; Seeds; Triglycerides; Hunteria; Hunteria umbellata; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-73749085582	Evaluation of the diuretic and analgesic activities of the rhizomes of Rumex abyssinicus Jacq in mice	Mekonnen T., Urga K., Engidawork E.	2010	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	127	2	10.1016/j.jep.2009.10.020	Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Drug Research, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Mekonnen, T., Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Urga, K., Department of Drug Research, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Engidawork, E., Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Aim of the study: Rumex abyssinicus Jacq (Polygonaceae) has been used traditionally for treatment of hypertension, inflammatory and painful conditions in Ethiopia. The present study aimed to evaluate the diuretic and analgesic activities of extracts of Rumex abyssinicus at different doses in mice. Materials and methods: The effect on urine volume and urinary electrolyte (Na+, K+ and Cl-) was assessed for a period of 5 h following oral administration of aqueous (500 mg/kg, 750 mg/kg or 1000 mg/kg) or 80% methanolic (250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg or 750 mg/kg) extract or furosemide (10 mg/kg). Acetic acid-induced writhing and hot-plate tests were employed to study the analgesic effect of 80% methanolic extracts (250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg or 1000 mg/kg, P.O.) and compared with that of aspirin (100 mg/kg, P.O.) or morphine (10 mg/kg, sc). Results: The extracts displayed dose-dependent diuretic and analgesic effects. The highest doses of both extracts markedly and significantly increased (P &lt; 0.001) urine volume and urinary electrolytes, qualitatively similar to that of furosemide. 1000 mg/kg of the extract reduced the number of writhing by 67.6% (P &lt; 0.001) and conferred more than 70% protection against thermally induced pain stimuli after 45 min of treatment comparable to that of aspirin and morphine, respectively. Conclusion: These findings collectively indicate that the extracts exhibited significant diuretic and analgesic activities, providing evidence, at least in part, for its folkloric use. © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Acetic acid-writhing test; Analgesic activity; Diuretic effect; Hot-plate test; Rumex abyssinicus	acetylsalicylic acid; analgesic agent; diuretic agent; furosemide; morphine; plant extract; Rumex abyssinicus extract; unclassified drug; acute toxicity; analgesic activity; animal experiment; animal model; article; chloride urine level; controlled study; diuretic activity; dose response; drug dose comparison; female; hot plate test; male; mouse; nonhuman; pain; potassium urine level; rhizome; Rumex; Rumex abyssinicus; sodium urine level; urinary excretion; urine volume; writhing test; Analgesics; Animals; Diuretics; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Mice; Pain; Pain Measurement; Plant Extracts; Rhizome; Rumex; Mus; Polygonaceae; Rumex abyssinicus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76149135991	Evaluation of the anti-stress and anticonvulsant activities of leaf extract of Alchornea cordifolia in mice	Umukoro S., Aladeokin A.C.	2010	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	127	3	10.1016/j.jep.2009.11.023	Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Umukoro, S., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Aladeokin, A.C., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Aim of the study: The extract of the leaves of Alchornea cordifolia (AC) is extensively used in ethnomedicine for ulcers, rheumatic pains, febrile convulsions and for enhancing physical performance. In this study, the anti-stress and anticonvulsant activities of the aqueous leaf extract of Alchornea cordifolia were investigated in mice. Materials and methods: The anti-stress activity was assessed based on the ability of the extract to alter the duration of immobility, in the forced swim endurance test, whilst a picrotoxin-treated animal, was employed as the model for convulsive seizures. Results: The extract (100-400. mg/kg) given orally was found to significantly (p<0.05) reduce the duration of immobility, which suggest an anti-stress/anti-fatigue property. However, AC when tested at doses between 100 and 400. mg/kg did not prevent convulsions induced by picrotoxin in mice. The acute toxicity study carried out in mice revealed that the extract was well tolerated by the animals, as no death was observed at oral doses of 500-4000. mg/kg. Conclusions: The results of this preliminary study provide evidence, which may support the use of Alchornea cordifolia against stress or fatigue in ethnomedicine. © 2009.	Alchornea cordifolia; Anti-stress; Convulsions; Forced swimming test	alchornea cordifolia extract; alpha methyldopamine; amphetamine; anticonvulsive agent; picrotoxin; plant extract; unclassified drug; water; alchornea cordifolia; animal experiment; animal model; anticonvulsant activity; article; controlled study; convulsion; dose response; drug dose comparison; drug mechanism; drug screening; endurance; fatigue; forced swimming test; hyperventilation; immobilization; medicinal plant; motor dysfunction; mouse; nonhuman; plant leaf; sedation; toxicity testing; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Disease Models, Animal; Euphorbiaceae; Fatigue; Female; Male; Mice; Phytotherapy; Picrotoxin; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Seizures; Stress, Psychological; Swimming; Alchornea cordifolia; Animalia; Mus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78651392565	Plant composition, pharmacological properties and mutagenic evaluation of a commercial Zulu herbal mixture: Imbiza ephuzwato	Ndhlala A.R., Finnie J.F., Van Staden J.	2011	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	133	2	10.1016/j.jep.2010.10.053	Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3201, South Africa	Ndhlala, A.R., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3201, South Africa; Finnie, J.F., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3201, South Africa; Van Staden, J., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3201, South Africa	Ethnopharmacology relevance: Imbiza ephuzwato is a traditional herbal tonic made from a mixture of extracts of roots, bulbs, rhizomes and leaves of 21 medicinal plants and is used in traditional medicine as a multipurpose remedy. Aim of the study: To compile and investigate the bioactivity and mutagenic effects of extracts of the 21 plant species used in the preparation of Imbiza ephuzwato herbal tonic. Materials and methods: The 21 plant species used to make Imbiza ephuzwato herbal mixture were each investigated for their pharmacological properties. Petroleum ether (PE), dichloromethane (DCM), 80% ethanol (EtOH) and water extracts of the 21 plants were evaluated against two gram-positive, two gram-negative bacteria and a fungus Candida albicans. The extracts were also evaluated for their inhibitory effects against cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and -2) and acetylcholinesterase AChE enzymes. Mutagenic effects of the water extracts were evaluated using the Ames test. Results: Gunnera perpensa and Rubia cordifolia were the only plant species used to manufacture Imbiza ephuzwato that had water extracts which showed good antibacterial activity. The extracts of G. perpensa (EtOH), Hypericum aethiopicum (DCM) and Urginea physodes (EtOH) showed the best antifungal activity. The water extracts of H. aethiopicum, G. perpensa, Drimia robusta, Vitellariopsis marginata, Scadoxus puniceus and Momordica balsamina showed percentage inhibition of COX-1 that was over 70%. For COX-2 enzyme, the water extracts of G. perpensa, Cyrtanthus obliquus, M. balsamina and Tetradenia riparia exhibited inhibitory activity above 70%. Water extracts of G. perpensa, C. obliquus, V. marginata, Asclepias fruticosa and Watsonia densiflora showed good AChE inhibitory activity (>80%). The Ames test results revealed that all the water extracts of the 21 plant species used to make Imbiza ephuzwato were non-mutagenic towards the Salmonella typhimurium TA98 strain for the assay with and without S9 metabolic activation. In contrast, Imbiza ephuzwato showed mutagenic effects after exposure to S9 enzyme mixture. Conclusion: The observed activities of some plant extracts, if supported by other confirmatory tests, may justify their inclusion in the makeup of Imbiza ephuzwato herbal mixture as well as their use in traditional medicine. Further studies aimed at investigating possible synergistic effects as a result of mixing plant extracts are necessary. The reported mutagenicity in Imbiza ephuzwato could be as a result of interaction of biomolecules in the heterogeneous mixture, yielding compounds that are converted to mutagenic agents by xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. It is therefore important to carry out further studies aimed at identifying and eliminating the sources of the mutagenic compounds in the heterogeneous mixture. © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Cyclooxygenase; Depression; Ethnopharmacology; Herbal mixtures; Mutagenicity	acetylcholinesterase; Acokanthera venenata extract; alcohol; Asclepias fruticosa extract; Aster bakeranus extract; Corchorus asplenifolius extract; cyclooxygenase 1; cyclooxygenase 2; Cyrtanthus obliquus extract; dichloromethane; Drimia robusta extract; Eriosema cordatum extract; Gnidia kraussiana extract; Gunnera perpensa extract; Hypericum aethiopicum extract; imbiza ephuzwato; Ledebouria extract; Lycopodium clavatum extract; Momordica balsamina extract; petroleum ether; plant extract; rubia cordifolia extract; Scadoxus puniceus extract; Stephania abyssinica extract; tetradenia riparia extract; unclassified drug; Urginea physodes extract; Vitellariopsis marginata extract; Watsonia densiflora extract; Zanthoxylum capense extract; Acokanthera venenata; antibacterial activity; antifungal activity; article; Asclepias; Asclepias fruticosa; Aster bakeranus; Candida albicans; Corchorus asplenifolius; Cyrtanthus obliquus; Drimia robusta; drug activity; enzyme inhibition; Eriosema cordatum; gnidia kraussiana; Gram negative bacterium; Gunnera perpensa; herb; Hypericum; Hypericum aethiopicum; Ledebouria; Lycopodium; metabolic activation; minimum inhibitory concentration; Momordica; Momordica balsamina; mutagenic activity; nonhuman; Rubia; rubia cordifolia; Salmonella typhimurium; Scadoxus puniceus; Stephania abyssinica; Tetradenia riparia; Urginea physodes; Vitellariopsis marginata; Watsonia densiflora; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Ethnopharmacology; Medicine, African Traditional; Mutagenicity Tests; Mutagens; Plant Preparations; Plants, Medicinal; South Africa; Asclepias fruticosa; Candida albicans; Cyrtanthus; Drimia robusta; Fungi; Gunnera perpensa; Hypericum; Momordica balsamina; Negibacteria; Posibacteria; Rubia cordifolia; Salmonella typhimurium; Scadoxus puniceus; Tetradenia riparia; Urginea; Vitellariopsis; Watsonia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79551539471	Hypoglycemic evaluation of a new triterpene and other compounds isolated from Euclea undulata Thunb. var. myrtina (Ebenaceae) root bark	Deutschländer M.S., Lall N., Van De Venter M., Hussein A.A.	2011	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	133	3	10.1016/j.jep.2010.11.038	Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa	Deutschländer, M.S., Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Lall, N., Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Van De Venter, M., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; Hussein, A.A., Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Aim of the study: Investigate the hypoglycaemic activity of the four isolated compounds from a crude acetone extract of the root bark of Euclea undulata var. myrtina, which is used by traditional healers in the Venda area, Limpopo Province in the treatment of diabetes. Material and methods: The hypoglycaemic activity of the four compounds isolated from Euclea undulata was determined by in vitro screening of glucose utilization by C2C12 myocytes at a concentration of 25 μg/ml or 50 μg/ml. The inhibition of α-glucosidase was also tested at concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 200.00 μg/ml. Results: Assay-guided isolation of the crude acetone extract of the root bark of Euclea undulata var. myrtina afforded a new triterpene, α-amyrin-3O-β-(5-hydroxy) ferulic acid (1), in addition to three known compounds; betulin (2), lupeol (3) and epicatechin (4). The in vitro results on C2C12 myocytes suggest that compound 4 may have some effect to lowers blood glucose levels, whereas compound 1 has the ability to inhibit α-glucosidase at a concentration of 200.0 μg/ml with an IC50 value of 4.79 that correlates with that of the positive control acarbose IC50 value 4.75. Conclusion: The results suggest that 4 may have some ability to lower blood glucose levels, whereas 1 has the ability to inhibit α-glucosidase. Ethnopharmacological relevance: These findings corroborate the ethnomedicinal use of Euclea undulata by traditional healers for the treatment of diabetes as two substances was isolated from the acetone plant extract that exhibit hypoglycaemic activity. © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	α-Glucosidase; C2C12 myocytes; Ebenaceae; Euclea undulata; Hypoglycaemic activity; New triterpene	acarbose; alpha amyrin 3 o beta (5 hydroxy)ferulic acid; alpha glucosidase; antidiabetic agent; betulin; epicatechin; Euclea undulata extract; glucose; lupeol; plant extract; triterpene; unclassified drug; article; bark; carbon nuclear magnetic resonance; controlled study; drug activity; drug screening; Ebenaceae; enzyme inhibition; Euclea undulata; glucose utilization; hypoglycemic activity; IC 50; muscle cell; plant root; proton nuclear magnetic resonance; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Ebenaceae; Hypoglycemic Agents; Plant Bark; Plant Extracts; Triterpenes; Ebenaceae; Euclea undulata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052029940	Ethnopharmacological survey and in vitro evaluation of wound-healing plants used in South-western Nigeria	Adetutu A., Morgan W.A., Corcoran O.	2011	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	137	1	10.1016/j.jep.2011.03.073	Medicines Research Group, School of Health and Bioscience, University of East London, Water Lane, London E15 4LZ, United Kingdom; Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Nigeria	Adetutu, A., Medicines Research Group, School of Health and Bioscience, University of East London, Water Lane, London E15 4LZ, United Kingdom, Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Nigeria; Morgan, W.A., Medicines Research Group, School of Health and Bioscience, University of East London, Water Lane, London E15 4LZ, United Kingdom; Corcoran, O., Medicines Research Group, School of Health and Bioscience, University of East London, Water Lane, London E15 4LZ, United Kingdom	Ethnopharmacological relevance: Traditional healers in Nigeria employ a range of plant preparations as wound healing agents. Despite the use of local plants in wound healing, there is only scant literature on the wound healing properties of these plants to support the continued therapeutic application of these herbal remedies. Aim of the study: To document plants commonly used to treat wounds in South-western Nigeria and to test the scientific basis of such claims using relevant in vitro tests. Materials and methods: Structured questionnaires were used to determine which plant preparations are in common use, via interviews with Yoruba traditional healers. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the nine most common plants cited by the healers were collected, identified and tested using relevant in vitro wound healing assays. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. Antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH assay and fibroblast proliferation determined by neutral red assay. Results: A total of 20 traditional healers from South-western Nigeria were involved in the study. Thirty-six plant species were recorded with their local names and parts used in the traditional wound healing preparations. Ethanolic extracts of nine species most frequently cited by the healers exhibited strong antioxidant activities (3.8-31.3 μg/ml) comparable to ascorbic acid (7.3 μg/ml). Crude extracts of the selected plants also inhibited the growth of bacteria with MIC values 0.3-7.6 mg/ml. Ethanol extracts of Bridelia ferruginea Benth. (1-30 μg/ml) and Parkia biglobosa Jacq. (15-30 μg/ml) influenced the proliferation of dermal fibroblasts significantly (p < 0.05). Extracts from the remaining seven plants either had no effect on fibroblast proliferation or were cytotoxic. Conclusion: Traditional use of many wound-healing plants from Nigeria can be rationalised by activity determined in relevant in vitro investigations of ethanol and aqueous extracts. These results support the traditional selection of these plants in South-western Nigeria for wound healing. © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd All rights reserved.	Antibacterial; Antioxidant; Fibroblast proliferation; Medicinal plants; Nigeria; Wound-healing	Acalypha wilkesiana extract; Aframomum melegueta extract; Ageratum conyzoides extract; annona senegalensis extract; Anogeissus leiocarpa extract; Azadirachta indica extract; Bridelia ferruginea extract; Capsicum frutescence extract; Carica papaya extract; Chromolaena odorata extract; Citrullus lanatus extract; Cocos nucifera extract; Crassocephalum crepidioides extract; Datura stramonium extract; Dichrostachys glomerata extract; Dioscorea hirtiflora extract; Diospyros canaliculata extract; euphorbia heterophylla extract; Euphorbia poissonii extract; Ficus asperifolia extract; Flabellaria paniculata extract; Hibiscus sabdariffa extract; Jatropha curcas extract; Lawsonia inermis extract; Lycopersicon esculentum extract; Morinda lucida extract; Nymphaea lotus extract; Parkia biglobosa extract; plant extract; unclassified drug; unindexed drug; Acalypha wilkesiana; Aframomum melegueta; ageratum conyzoides; annona senegalensis; Anogeissus leiocarpa; antibacterial activity; antioxidant activity; article; assay; Azadirachta indica; Bacillus subtilis; bark; bridelia ferruginea; Capsicum frutescence; cell proliferation; Chromolaena odorata; coconut; controlled study; Crassocephalum crepidioides; cytotoxicity; Datura stramonium; Dichrostachys glomerata; Dioscorea hirtiflora; Diospyros canaliculata; Escherichia coli; ethnopharmacology; euphorbia heterophylla; Euphorbia poissonii; Ficus asperifolia; Flabellaria paniculata; fruit; hibiscus sabdariffa; human; human cell; in vitro study; jatropha curcas; Lawsonia inermis; medicinal plant; minimum inhibitory concentration; morinda lucida; neutral red assay; Nigeria; nonhuman; Nymphaea lotus; ocimum gratissimum; Olax subscorpioides; papaya; Parkia biglobosa; Piliostigma thonningii; plant leaf; plant stem; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; questionnaire; Ricinus communis; Sida acuta; skin fibroblast; Staphylococcus aureus; tomato; traditional medicine; tridax procumbens; vernonia amygdalina; watermelon; wound healing; Xylopia aethiopica; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antioxidants; Bacteria; Biphenyl Compounds; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethnopharmacology; Fibroblasts; Humans; Medicine, African Traditional; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nigeria; Picrates; Plant Preparations; Plants, Medicinal; Questionnaires; Wound Healing; Bacillus subtilis; Bridelia ferruginea; Escherichia coli; Parkia biglobosa; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054955815	Isolation of narciprimine from Cyrtanthus contractus (Amaryllidaceae) and evaluation of its acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity	Nair J.J., Aremu A.O., Van Staden J.	2011	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	137	3	10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.028	Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Nair, J.J., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Aremu, A.O., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Van Staden, J., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Ethnopharmacological relevance: Plants of the family Amaryllidaceae are used widely in traditional medicine in South Africa. Several of these, including representatives of the genus Cyrtanthus find use in the treatment of mental illness and age-related dementia. Aim of the study: Based on the distribution of central nervous system-activating alkaloidal constituents within the genus Cyrtanthus, Cyrtanthus contractus was here explored for such compounds which could interact with acetylcholinesterase (AChE), of significance in the progression of neurodegeneration associated with Alzheimer's disease. Materials and methods: The known phenanthridone alkaloid narciprimine was isolated via column chromatography of the ethanolic extract of bulbs of Cyrtanthus contractus. The structure of the compound was determined by high field 2D NMR and mass spectroscopic techniques. The classical method of Ellman et al. was used in the determination of AChE inhibitory activity. Results: The isolation of narciprimine from Cyrtanthus contractus is a landmark find since it has previously only been identified in Zephyranthes, Narcissus and Lycoris, genera endemic to the Americas, Europe and Asia, respectively. Narciprimine exhibited micromolar inhibitory activity (IC 50 78.9) against the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Conclusion: This work represents the first isolation of narciprimine from an African Amaryllidaceae species, which may be of chemotaxonomic significance. The AChE inhibitory activity of narciprimine, taken together with activities of other structurally similar inhibitors within the series affords further insight to the structural details of the lycorine alkaloid acetylcholinesterase inhibitory pharmacophore. © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Acetylcholinesterase; Alkaloid; Amaryllidaceae; Cyrtanthus contractus; Narciprimine	acetylcholinesterase; cholinesterase inhibitor; narciprimine; plant medicinal product; unclassified drug; Alzheimer disease; article; column chromatography; Cyrtanthus contractus; drug activity; drug isolation; drug screening; drug structure; enzyme inhibition; mass spectrometry; medicinal plant; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; plant bulb; Acetylcholinesterase; Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids; Animals; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Chromatography; Eels; Liliaceae; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mass Spectrometry; Molecular Structure; Phenanthrenes; Plant Extracts; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Structure-Activity Relationship; Amaryllidaceae; Cyrtanthus; Lycoris; Narcissus; Zephyranthes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855990038	Toxicological evaluation of the aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae)	Awodele O., Oreagba I.A., Odoma S., Teixeira Da Silva J.A., Osunkalu V.O.	2012	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	139	2	10.1016/j.jep.2011.10.008	Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria; Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki cho, Kita gun, Ikenobe 761-0795, Japan; Department of Haematology, College of Medicine, Universi	Awodele, O., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria; Oreagba, I.A., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria; Odoma, S., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria; Teixeira Da Silva, J.A., Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki cho, Kita gun, Ikenobe 761-0795, Japan; Osunkalu, V.O., Department of Haematology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria	Ethnopharmacological relevance: The rapid increase in consumption of herbal remedies worldwide has been stimulated by several factors, including the notion that all herbal products are safe and effective. However, over the past decade, several news-catching episodes in developed communities indicated adverse effects, sometimes life-threatening, allegedly arising as a consequence to taking herbal products or traditional medicines from various ethnic groups. Despite the popular use of Moringa oleifera for treating various disorders, there is limited or no scientific data available regarding safety aspects of this remedy, nor are there any documented toxicological studies that can be used to ascertain the safety index of its herbal preparation. Therefore, this present study aimed to carry out extensive toxicological evaluation of the aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera. Materials and Methods: In an acute toxicity test, male Wistar albino mice were orally administered an aqueous extract up to 6400 mg/kg and intraperitoneally up to 2000 mg/kg. A sub-chronic toxicity test was performed by daily administration with the extract at 250, 500 and 1500 mg/kg orally for 60 days. Control rats received distilled water. Sperm quality was analyzed, haematological and biochemical (liver enzymes, urea and creatinine) parameters were determined and a histopathological examination was carried out. Results: The LD 50 was estimated to be 1585 mg/kg. The extract did not elicit any significant difference (P ≥ 0.05) in sperm quality, haematological and biochemical parameters in the treated rats compared to the control. Moreover, there was no significant difference in weight gain of the control and treated animals although there was a dose-dependent reduction in food consumption of the animals treated with 250 to 1500 mg/kg extract. Conclusions: Results obtained in this study suggest that the aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera is relatively safe when administered orally. © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.	Haematology; Liver and renal function; Moringa oleifera; Sub-chronic toxicity	creatinine; liver enzyme; Moringa oleifera extract; urea; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; brain; controlled study; creatinine blood level; erythrocyte count; food intake; heart; hemoglobin blood level; histopathology; kidney; LD 50; leukocyte count; liver; male; mean corpuscular hemoglobin; mean corpuscular volume; Moringa oleifera; nonhuman; plant leaf; rat; sperm; spermatozoon count; spermatozoon motility; testis; thrombocyte count; weight gain; Administration, Oral; Animals; Biological Markers; Blood Cell Count; Body Weight; Creatinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Eating; Enzymes; Glutathione; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Kidney; Lethal Dose 50; Liver; Male; Malondialdehyde; Mice; Moringa oleifera; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plants, Medicinal; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sperm Count; Sperm Motility; Spermatozoa; Time Factors; Toxicity Tests; Urea; Animalia; Moringa oleifera; Moringaceae; Mus; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-83555163782	Ethnobotanical study of antimalarial plants in Shinile District, Somali Region, Ethiopia, and in vivo evaluation of selected ones against Plasmodium berghei	Mesfin A., Giday M., Animut A., Teklehaymanot T.	2012	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	139	1	10.1016/j.jep.2011.11.006	Department of Life Sciences, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Mesfin, A., Department of Life Sciences, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Giday, M., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Animut, A., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Teklehaymanot, T., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Ethnopharmacological relevance: The study documented medicinal plants that are traditionally used for treatment of malaria in Shinile District, eastern Ethiopia, and evaluated selected medicinal plants for their antiplasmodial activities against Plasmodium berghei. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in four kebeles of Shinile District, Somali Region, Ethiopia. A total of 15 traditional healers were sampled based on recommendations of local elders and administrators. Specimens of the reported antimalarial plants were collected and stored at the Mini Herbarium of the Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, following identification. Crude aqueous and ethanol extracts of Aloe sp.; Azadirachta indica and Tamarindus indica were tested in vivo against Plasmodium berghei. The three plants were selected based on the frequency antimalarial use report by healers. Results: The study revealed 27 antimalarial plants, the majority of which were harvested from the wild. Root was the most frequently sought plant part. Most of the remedies were used in decoction form. Aloe sp.; Azadirachta indica and Tamarindus indica were the most commonly reported plants for their antimalarial use. For the in vivo test, all the plant extracts were given to mice orally. Ethanol and aqueous leaf extracts of Aloe sp. caused 73.94% and 58.10% parasitaemia suppression, respectively at dose of 650 mg/kg. Ethanol extract of Azadirachta indica leaves induced 54.79% parasitaemia suppression at the dose of 650 mg/kg and its water extract induced 21.47% parasite suppression at a similar dose. Water extract of the fruits of Tamarindus indica showed the highest parasitaemia suppression (81.09%) at the dose of 650 mg/kg. Most Plasmodium berghei infected mice treated with high dose of plant extracts survived relatively longer compared to their respective controls although the difference was not significant. Conclusions: The result of this study may support the traditional use of Aloe sp.; Azadirachta indica and Tamarindus indica in the study area against malaria. Results of this study can be used as a basis for further phytochemical and pharmacological investigations in the effort for search of new and locally affordable antimalarial agents. © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Antimalarial plants; Ethiopia; Ethnobotanical study; Plasmodium berghei; Shinile	alcohol; Aloe vera extract; antimalarial agent; Azadirachta indica extract; plant extract; Tamarindus indica extract; unclassified drug; water; adult; aged; Aloe; animal experiment; animal model; antimalarial activity; article; Azadirachta indica; controlled study; drug screening; Ethiopia; ethnobotany; female; fruit; harvest; human; male; medicinal plant; mouse; nonhuman; normal human; parasitemia; plant leaf; plant root; Plasmodium berghei; Plasmodium berghei infection; survival; tamarind; traditional medicine; Aloe; Animals; Antimalarials; Azadirachta; Ethnobotany; Fruit; Malaria; Male; Medicine, African Traditional; Mice; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plants, Medicinal; Plasmodium berghei; Protozoan Infections, Animal; Tamarindus; Aloe; Azadirachta indica; Mus; Plasmodium berghei; Tamarindus indica	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856211123	Mutagenicity, antimutagenicity and cytotoxicity evaluation of South African Podocarpus species	Abdillahi H.S., Verschaeve L., Finnie J.F., Van Staden J.	2012	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	139	3	10.1016/j.jep.2011.11.044	Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Department of Toxicology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstreet 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium	Abdillahi, H.S., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Verschaeve, L., Department of Toxicology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstreet 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; Finnie, J.F., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Van Staden, J., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Ethnopharmacological relevance: Four species of Podocarpus are used in traditional medicine both in human and animal healthcare in South Africa. In vitro pharmacological screening of leaf and stem extracts of these species exhibited potent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tyrosinase, anthelmintic, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activities. Aim of the study: To investigate the mutagenicity, antimutagenicity and cytotoxicity effects of leaf and stem extract of South African Podocarpus species. Material and methods: The mutagenicity and cytotoxic effects of extracts from four species of Podocarpus were tested using the Salmonella/microsome assay with and without metabolic activation, based on the plate-incorporation method and neutral red uptake (NRU) assay respectively. Five Salmonella typhimurium tester strains; TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1535 and TA1537 were used for mutagenicity testing. The relative cytotoxicity of the extracts was assessed by determining their NI 50 values (50% inhibition of NRU). Results: The extracts did not show any mutagenic effects against all the tester strains with or without metabolic activation. All extracts demonstrated a strong antimutagenic effect on the mutations induced by 4NQO, decreasing its mutagenic effect in a dose-dependent manner. Strong cytotoxic effects were exhibited by petroleum ether extracts as compared to 80% ethanol extracts. When HepG2 cells were in contact with plant extracts in an increasing concentration, slopes of NRU decreased (highest-lowest %) following a concentration-dependent pattern. For 80% ethanol extracts, the most toxic extract in terms of percentage viability was leaves of Podocarpus falcatus whereby at 0.2 mg/ml, the viability of the cells was 38.9%. Stem extract of Podocarpus latifolius was the most toxic among PE extracts, giving a percentage viability of 46.4 at 0.1 mg/ml. Conclusion: Absence of mutagenicity does not indicate lack of toxicity, as was observed from these extracts. These findings will help in assessing the safety measures to be considered in the use of these species and also the need to determine the cytotoxic potential of these species against various forms of human cancer cells. © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.	Antimutagenicity; Cytotoxicity; Mutagenicity; Podocarpus	plant extract; Podocarpus elongatus extract; Podocarpus falcatus extract; Podocarpus henkelii extract; Podocarpus latifolius extract; unclassified drug; animal experiment; article; bacterial strain; cell viability; concentration response; controlled study; cytotoxicity; drug isolation; human; human cell; male; medicinal plant; metabolic activation; mutagenicity; nonhuman; plant leaf; plant stem; Podocarpus; Podocarpus elongatus; Podocarpus falcatus; Podocarpus henkelii; Podocarpus latifolius; rat; Salmonella; Salmonella typhimurium; South Africa; Antimutagenic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gymnosperms; Hep G2 Cells; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Medicine, African Traditional; Mutagens; Mutation; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plant Stems; Salmonella typhimurium; South Africa; Afrocarpus falcatus; Animalia; Podocarpus; Podocarpus latifolius; Salmonella typhimurium	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863990101	Pharmacological evaluation of Ipomoea asarifolia (Desr.) against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats	Farida T., Salawu O.A., Tijani A.Y., Ejiofor J.I.	2012	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	142	3	10.1016/j.jep.2012.05.029	Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Idu, Abuja, Nigeria	Farida, T., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Salawu, O.A., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Idu, Abuja, Nigeria; Tijani, A.Y., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Idu, Abuja, Nigeria; Ejiofor, J.I., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Ethnopharmacological relevance: Ipomoeaasarifolia (Desr.) Roem. and Schult. is used traditionally in some parts of Africa for the treatment of a variety of diseases. This study attempts to validate its hepatoprotective activity by evaluating the prophylactic and curative properties of the methanolic extract of Ipomoea asarifolia (IA) leaves. Materials and Methods: Liver damage was induced by administering 0.5 ml/kg of an equal mixture of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in olive oil intraperitoneally on alternate days, for 5 days and the plant extract was given orally daily, for 7 days at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg. Results: Pre-treatment with the extract significantly (P&lt;0.05) decreased CCl4-induced elevation in serum levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, triglycerides, bilirubin and cholesterol, better than the standard drug silymarin at 100 mg/kg. In the curative study, IA significantly (P&lt;0.05) reversed CCl 4-induced liver damage, comparable to silymarin. Hepatoprotective potential was further supported by decrease in pentobarbitone sleeping time and improved hepatic tissue histopathology. Conclusion: These results indicate that I. asarifolia leaves have potent hepatoprotective activity against CCl 4-induced hepatic damage in rats. © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.	Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4); Convolvulaceae; Hepatoprotective activity; Ipomoea asarifolia; Liver damage	alanine aminotransferase; alkaline phosphatase; aspartate aminotransferase; bilirubin; cholesterol; Ipomoea asarifolia extract; liver protective agent; pentobarbital; plant extract; silymarin; triacylglycerol; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; article; controlled study; female; histopathology; Ipomoea; Ipomoea asarifolia; LD 50; liver protection; liver toxicity; male; nonhuman; plant leaf; rat; sleep time; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bilirubin; Carbon Tetrachloride; Cholesterol; Drug-Induced Liver Injury; Female; Ipomoea; Male; Organ Size; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Protective Agents; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Triglycerides; Convolvulaceae; Ipomoea asarifolia; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866050827	Evaluation of in vivo wound healing activity of methanol extract of Achyranthes aspera L.	Fikru A., Makonnen E., Eguale T., Debella A., Abie Mekonnen G.	2012	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	143	2	10.1016/j.jep.2012.06.049	Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Akililu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Drug Research, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Pathology, National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, P.O. Box, 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia	Fikru, A., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia; Makonnen, E., Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Eguale, T., Akililu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Debella, A., Department of Drug Research, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Abie Mekonnen, G., Department of Pathology, National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, P.O. Box, 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia	Ethnopharmacological relevance: The leaves of Achyranthes aspera L. (Amarenthacea) has been used traditionally for the treatment of wound in various parts of Ethiopia. However, the plant has not been explored scientifically for its wound healing activity. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the wound healing activity of methanol extract of Achyranthes aspera L. leaves in rats. Materials and methods: Incision and excision wounds were inflicted on albino rats of either sex, under diethyl ether anesthesia. Group I served as positive control and was treated with 1% silver sulphadiazine, group II, III, IV treated with simple ointment containing 2.5%, 5% and 10% (w/w) methanol extract of the leaves of Achyranthes aspera L.; respectively, whereas group V served as negative control and was treated with simple ointment. All the animals were treated topically once a day. Wound healing potential was assessed with excision and incision wound model. Excision wound model was used to assess the change in percentage contraction of wound, epithelization time, DNA content and histological features whereas rats inflicted with the incision wounds were used to determine breaking strength. Results: Based on the results of percentage wound contraction, the DNA content and epithelization time, all groups of rats treated with methanol extract of the leaves of Achyranthes aspera L. showed significant (p<0.05) wound healing activity compared to group of rats treated with simple ointment (negative control) group. The difference in breaking strength was, however, significant (p<0.05) only for the 5% and 10% methanol extract of Achyranthes aspera (w/w) ointment treated groups. Histological evaluation showed well organized epidermal layer, increased number of fibrocytes, remarkable degree of neovascularization and epithelization which was comparable to the standard on the 21st day after treatment; especially in the 5% and 10% (w/w) extract treated group. Conclusion: The present study provides a scientific rationale for the traditional use of the leaf extracts of Achyranthes aspera L. in the treatment of wound. © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.	Achyranthes aspera L.; In vivo; Methanol; Rats; Wound healing	Achyranthes aspera extract; ether; sulfadiazine silver; wound healing promoting agent; Achyranthes aspera; animal experiment; animal model; article; controlled study; DNA content; epidermis; epithelization; excision; female; in vivo study; incision; male; medicinal plant; nonhuman; plant leaf; rat; wound contraction; wound healing; Achyranthes; Animals; DNA; Ethiopia; Female; Male; Medicine, African Traditional; Methanol; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Rats; Skin; Solvents; Wound Healing; Achyranthes aspera; Animalia; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875221413	Evaluation of amentoflavone isolated from Cnestis ferruginea Vahl ex DC (Connaraceae) on production of inflammatory mediators in LPS stimulated rat astrocytoma cell line (C6) and THP-1 cells	Ishola I.O., Chaturvedi J.P., Rai S., Rajasekar N., Adeyemi O.O., Shukla R., Narender T.	2013	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	146	2	10.1016/j.jep.2012.12.015	Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR), Lucknow-226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Pharmacology Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Pharmacology, College of	Ishola, I.O., Pharmacology Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Chaturvedi, J.P., Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR), Lucknow-226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Rai, S., Pharmacology Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Rajasekar, N., Pharmacology Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Adeyemi, O.O., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Shukla, R., Pharmacology Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Narender, T., Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR), Lucknow-226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India	Ethnopharmacological relevance: Cnestisferruginea (CF) Vahl ex DC (Connaraceae) is a shrub widely used in traditional African medicine for the treatment of various psychiatric illness and inflammatory conditions. Aim of the study: This study was carried out to investigate the effect of amentoflavone isolated from methanolic root extract of CF on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammatory cascade of events associated to the oxidative and nitrative stress, and TNF-α production in rat astrocytoma cell line (C6) and human monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1), respectively. Materials and methods: Rat astrocytoma cells (C6) were stimulated with LPS (10 μg/ml) alone and in the presence of different concentrations of amentoflavone (0.1-3 μg/ml) for 24 h incubation period. Nitrite release, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced-glutathione (GSH) in C6 cells were estimated; while the TNF-α level was estimated in THP-1 cell lysate. In vivo analgesic activity was evaluated using mouse writhing and hot plate tests while the anti-inflammatory effect was investigated using carrageenan-induced oedema test. Results: LPS (10 μg/ml) significantly (P<0.05) stimulated C6 cells to release nitrite, ROS, MDA, and TNF-α generation while GSH was down regulated in comparison to control. However, amentoflavone significantly (P<0.05) attenuated nitrite, ROS, MDA and TNF-α generation and also up regulated the level of GSH. Amentoflavone per se did not have any significant effect on C6 and THP-1 cells. Amentoflavone (6.25-50 mg/kg) significantly (P<0.05) reduced number of writhes and also increase pain threshold in hot plate test. It produced time course significant (P<0.05) decrease in oedema formation in rodents. Discussion and conclusion: Findings in this study demonstrate the anti-neuroinflammatory and antinoceptive effects of amentoflavone which may suggest its beneficial roles in neuroinflammation associated disorders. © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.	Amentoflavone; Astrocytoma cell; Human monocytic leukemia cells; Neuroinflammation; Reactive oxygen species	amentoflavone; carrageenan; glutathione; ibuprofen; lipopolysaccharide; malonaldehyde; morphine; nimesulide; nitrite; reactive oxygen metabolite; tumor necrosis factor alpha; analgesic activity; animal cell; animal experiment; animal model; antiinflammatory activity; antinociception; article; astrocytoma cell; cell lysate; cell stimulation; cell viability; cnestis ferruginea; concentration response; Connaraceae; controlled study; cytokine production; down regulation; drug isolation; drug screening; female; hot plate test; human; human cell; in vivo study; incubation time; leukemia cell line; male; mediator; monocytic leukemia; mouse; nervous system inflammation; nitrative stress; nonhuman; oxidative stress; pain; pain threshold; paw edema; plant root; rat; writhing test; Acetic Acid; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Astrocytoma; Biflavonoids; Carrageenan; Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Connaraceae; Edema; Female; Glutathione; Hot Temperature; Inflammation Mediators; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Malondialdehyde; Mice; Nitrites; Pain; Phytotherapy; Plant Roots; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Connaraceae; Rattus; Rodentia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887442192	Evaluation of anxiolytic and sedative effects of 80% ethanolic Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae) pulp extract in mice	Kebebew Z., Shibeshi W.	2013	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	150	2	10.1016/j.jep.2013.09.023	Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Kebebew, Z., Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Shibeshi, W., Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Ethnopharmacological relevance: Carica papaya has been used in the Ethiopian traditional medicine to relieve stress and other disease conditions. Aim of the study: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anxiolytic and sedative effects of 80% ethanolic Carica papaya (Caricaceae) pulp extract in mice. Materials and methods Carica papaya pulp extract was screened for anxiolytic effect by using elevated plus maze, staircase and open field tests, and ketamine-induced sleeping time test for sedation at doses of 50, 100, 200, 400 mg/kg. Distilled water and Diazepam were employed as negative and positive control groups, respectively. Results: Carica papaya pulp extract 100 mg/kg significantly increased the percentage of open arm time and entry, and reduced the percentage of entry and time spent in closed arm in elevated plus maze test; reduced the number of rearing in the staircase test; and increased the time spent and entries in the central squares while the total number of entries into the open field were not significantly affected, suggesting anxiolytic activity without altering locomotor and sedative effects. A synergistic reduction in the number of rearing and an inverted U-shaped dose response curves were obtained with important parameters of anxiety Conclusions: The results of this study established a support for the traditional usage of Carica papaya as anxiolytic medicinal plant. © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Anxiolytic; Carica papaya; Mice; Sedative	alcohol; alkaloid derivative; anxiolytic agent; Carica papaya extract; diazepam; flavonoid; ketamine; phenol derivative; phlobatannin derivative; saponin derivative; sedative agent; tannin derivative; terpenoid derivative; unclassified drug; animal experiment; anxiety; article; controlled study; dose response; drug efficacy; drug isolation; drug potentiation; drug screening; elevated plus maze test; experimental test; female; male; maze test; mouse; nonhuman; open field test; papaya; phytochemistry; rearing; sedation; sleep time; staircase test; tranquilizing activity; Carica papaya; Caricaceae; Mus; Anxiolytic; Carica papaya; Mice; Sedative; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Carica; Ethanol; Exploratory Behavior; Female; Fruit; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Mice; Plant Extracts; Solvents; Toxicity Tests, Acute	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84889102303	Evaluation of the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect of Caralluma dalzielii	Ugwah-Oguejiofor C.J., Abubakar K., Ugwah M.O., Njan A.A.	2013	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	150	3	10.1016/j.jep.2013.09.049	Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria	Ugwah-Oguejiofor, C.J., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria; Abubakar, K., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria; Ugwah, M.O., Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria; Njan, A.A., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria	Ethnopharmacological relevance Caralluma dalzielii has been used for treating several ailments including convulsion, leprosy, snake bites, otitis (ear pain), fungal diseases and rheumatoid arthritis in Northern Nigeria. However there is no scientific evidence to support its use in literature. To evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of the aqueous extract of Caralluma dalzielii in animal models. Materials and methods The antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties were assessed using acetic acid induced writhing test in mice, sub plantar formalin induced nociception, the tail-flick test and formalin induced oedema in rats. Three doses of the extract (25, 50, 100 mg/kg) were used for the assessment. Results Caralluma dalzielii extract demonstrated strong dose-dependent antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in all the models employed. All doses (25, 50, 100 mg/kg) produced a significant percentage inhibition (41.77, 77.11, and 90.76% in the early phase and 52.02, 85.35, 93.93% in the late phase) in the acetic acid writhing test and (42.85, 55.71, 86.43% in the early phase and 23.26, 37.98, 72.87 in the late phase) in the formalin induced nociception test, respectively. The tail-flick test showed a significant increase in the antinociceptive effect of the extract in both early and late phases when compared with the control. The inhibition of oedema in the formalin test was significant when compared to the control. Conclusion The results indicated that Caralluma dalzielii showed excellent antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties suggesting that its traditional use in the treatment of pains and inflammatory diseases may be valid. © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.	Anti-inflammation; Antinociception; Caralluma dalzielii; Medicinal plant; Phytochemistry	acetic acid; antiinflammatory agent; antinociceptive agent; Caralluma dalzielii extract; formaldehyde; piroxicam; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; antiinflammatory activity; antinociception; Apocynaceae; aqueous solution; article; Caralluma dalzielii; controlled study; male; mouse; nociception; nonhuman; paw edema; reaction time; tail flick test; writhing test; Animalia; Caralluma; Mus; Rattus; Anti-inflammation; Antinociception; Caralluma dalzielii; Medicinal plant; Phytochemistry; Acetic Acid; Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Asclepiadaceae; Formaldehyde; Hot Temperature; Male; Mice; Pain; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Rats, Wistar	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84895076158	Evaluation of the antidiarrhoeal activity of the hydroethanolic leaf extract of Pupalia lappacea Linn. Juss. (Amaranthaceae)	Akindele A.J., Salako O.A., Ohonbamu U.V.	2014	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	151	2	10.1016/j.jep.2013.12.013	Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology (PTT), College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003 Lagos, Nigeria	Akindele, A.J., Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology (PTT), College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003 Lagos, Nigeria; Salako, O.A., Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology (PTT), College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003 Lagos, Nigeria; Ohonbamu, U.V., Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology (PTT), College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003 Lagos, Nigeria	Ethnopharmacological Relevance Pupalia lappacea is a medicinal plant found in savannah and woodland localities and forest path sides from Senegal to Southern Nigeria. It has been used in the management of diarrhoea in Nigerian traditional medicine. This study was designed to evaluate the antidiarrhoeal activity of the hydroethanolic leaf extract of Pupalia lappacea (PL). Materials and methods The antidiarrhoeal activity of PL was evaluated using the normal and castor oil-induced intestinal transit, castor oil-induced diarrhoea, gastric emptying and intestinal fluid accumulation tests in rodents. Results PL (100-400 mg/kg, p.o.) produced a significant dose-dependent decrease in normal and castor oil-induced intestinal transit compared with the control group (distilled water 10 ml/kg, p.o.). This effect was significantly (P&lt;0.05) inhibited by pilocarpine (1 mg/kg, s.c.) but not by yohimbine (10 mg/kg, s.c.), prazosin (1 mg/kg, s.c.), or propranolol (1 mg/kg, i.p.). The extract produced a dose-dependent and significant increase in the onset of diarrhoea. PL (100-400 mg/kg) also reduced the diarrhoea score, number and weight of wet stools. The in-vivo antidiarrhoeal index (ADIin vivo) of 56.95% produced by the extract at the dose of 400 mg/kg was lower compared to that produced by loperamide 5 mg/kg (77.75%). However, PL (400 mg/kg) significantly increased gastric emptying in rats but significantly reduced the volume of intestinal content in the intestinal fluid accumulation test. Phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, and fixed oils and fats. The acute toxicity studies revealed that the extract is relatively safe when given orally; no death was recorded at a dose of 10 g/kg. Conclusion Results showed that the hydroethanolic leaf extract of Pupalia lappacea possesses antidiarrhoeal activity possibly mediated by antimuscarinic receptor activity. © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.	Antidiarrhoeal activity; Castor oil; Intestinal transit; Loperamide; Pupalia lappacea	Antidiarrhoeal activity; Castor oil; Intestinal transit; Loperamide; Pupalia lappacea; Amaranthaceae; Animals; Antidiarrheals; Castor Oil; Diarrhea; Ethanol; Female; Gastric Emptying; Gastrointestinal Transit; Male; Mice; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Solvents; Toxicity Tests, Acute; Water	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84909943797	Evaluation of antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of standardised rootbark extract of Xeromphis nilotica	Adzu B., Amizan M.B., Okhale S.E.	2014	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	None	PART A	10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.030	Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Abuja, Nigeria; Directorate of Pharmaceutical Services, Ministry of Health, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria; Department of Medicinal Plant Res	Adzu, B., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Abuja, Nigeria, Laboratório de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil; Amizan, M.B., Directorate of Pharmaceutical Services, Ministry of Health, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria; Okhale, S.E., Department of Medicinal Plant Research and Traditional Medicine, NIPRD, Abuja, Nigeria	Ethnopharmacological relevance Xeromphis nilotica (Stapf) Keay (Rubiaceae), popularly known as 'barbaji' (in Nigeria), is a lowland shrub that grows wild in tropical areas of Africa and Asia. The plants extract is used for the treatment of various diseases in folk medicine including pain related ailments. Important bioactive constituents have been isolated from the plant among them are coumarin, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and terpenes. This study is aimed to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy of standardised aqueous extract of the plant using in vivo models of pain and inflammation in mice and rats.Materials and methods Aqueous extract of Xeromphis nilotica root bark was prepared and standardised using HPLC technique. Three dose levels (25, 100 and 400 mg/kg) of the extract were used, administered orally to laboratory mice and rats. Acetylsalicylic acid (100 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as the positive control. Nociception was induced in laboratory rodents: chemically using acetic acid and formalin, and mechanically using analgesy meter; while inflammation was induced using fresh raw egg albumin.Results The extract showed 11 constituents peak profiles in the HPLC analysis. The extract alleviates mice response to acetic acid-induced writhing, analgesy-meter and formalin tests. It significantly decreased the oedema induced by egg albumin induced inflammation, but failed to show significant effect beyond 80 min of the test.Conclusion The extract has antinociceptive effect and short acting anti-inflammatory activities. The results justify its usage in the treatment of pain and inflammatory conditions, and also provided evidence of its potential as source of new pain relief drug prototype. © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Anti-inflammatory; Antinociceptive; Aqueous extract; Xeromphis nilotica	acetic acid; acetylsalicylic acid; analgesic agent; antiinflammatory agent; formaldehyde; ovalbumin; plant extract; unclassified drug; Xeromphis nilotica extract; analgesic agent; antiinflammatory agent; plant extract; analgesic activity; animal experiment; animal model; antiinflammatory activity; Article; controlled study; drug efficacy; drug screening; experimental mouse; experimental rat; female; high performance liquid chromatography; in vivo study; inflammation; male; mouse; nociception; nonhuman; pain; rat; animal; bark; chemistry; Liliaceae; Wistar rat; Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Liliaceae; Male; Mice; Plant Bark; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Wistar	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84918513445	Evaluation of neuropharmacological effects of aqueous leaf extract of Albizia glaberrima (Leguminosae) in mice	Adebesin I.F., Akindele A.J., Adeyemi O.O.	2014	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	160	None	10.1016/j.jep.2014.11.040	Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology (PTT), University of Lagos, Idi-Araba Campus, P.M.B., Lagos, Nigeria	Adebesin, I.F., Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology (PTT), University of Lagos, Idi-Araba Campus, P.M.B., Lagos, Nigeria; Akindele, A.J., Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology (PTT), University of Lagos, Idi-Araba Campus, P.M.B., Lagos, Nigeria; Adeyemi, O.O., Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology (PTT), University of Lagos, Idi-Araba Campus, P.M.B., Lagos, Nigeria	Ethnopharmacological relevance Albizia glaberrima is a shrub found in the deciduous forest and jungle of the coastal plain of West Africa. Preparations of the plant are used traditionally in the treatment of fever, pain and central nervous system disorders, including epilepsy. This study was conducted to investigate the neuropharmacological effects of the aqueous leaf extract of Albizia glaberrima in mice. Materials and methods The hole-board, elevated plus-maze, thiopentone-induced sleep (anxiolytic/sedative-hypnotic), traction, climbing, inclined screen (muscle relaxant), strychnine-, picrotoxin- and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsion (anticonvulsant) tests were employed in this study. Results Albizia glaberrima extract at 200 mg/kg significantly increased the duration of head dips (p&lt;0.05) and number of open arms entry (p&lt;0.01) compared with control in the hole-board and elevated plus-maze tests, respectively. At 400 mg/kg, Albizia glaberrima extract significantly reduced the number of sectional crossings relative to control. The extract at 400 mg/kg significantly (p&lt;0.05) increased the duration of sleep compared with control in the thiopentone-induced hypnosis test. Albizia glaberrima extract at 200 mg/kg and diazepam (5 mg/kg) significantly (p&lt;0.05, 0.01) increased the post-treatment climbing time and reduced the latency to slide down in the climbing and inclined screen tests, respectively. The extract was not effective in the strychnine-induced seizure model, while in the picrotoxin test Albizia glaberrima extract at 100 mg/kg significantly (p&lt;0.05) reduced the duration of convulsion while reducing mortality at 400 mg/kg, as was the case with diazepam (2 mg/kg). The extract and diazepam significantly (p&lt;0.01, 0.001) increased onset and reduced duration of convulsion, with significant level of protection against convulsion and reduction in mortality in the PTZ-induced seizure model. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of phenols&gt;tannins&gt;saponins&gt;flavonoids. The extract was found to be relatively non-toxic when administered p.o. up to 5000 mg/kg and the LD50 was 398.11 mg/kg when administered i.p. Conclusions The aqueous leaf extract of Albizia glaberrima possesses dose-dependent anxiolytic/muscle relaxant (low dose) and sedative-hypnotic/anticonvulsant (high dose) activities possibly mediated via enhancement of GABAergic inhibitory actions.	Albizia glaberrima; Anticonvulsant; Anxiolytic; Muscle relaxant; Sedative-hypnotic	Albizia glaberrima extract; diazepam; flavonoid; pentetrazole; phenol derivative; picrotoxin; plant extract; saponin; strychnine; tannin derivative; thiopental; unclassified drug; plant extract; acute toxicity; Albizia; Albizia glaberrima; animal experiment; Article; climbing; controlled study; convulsion; disease duration; elevated plus maze test; gnawing; hole board test; inclined screen test; mortality; mouse; neuropharmacology; nonhuman; pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure; phytochemistry; plant leaf; reaction time; seizure; sleep time; traction test; Albizia; animal; animal behavior; chemically induced; chemistry; dose response; drug effects; male; Seizures; Albizia; Fabaceae; Mus; Strychnos toxifera; Albizzia; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Mice; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Seizures	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943809362	Evaluation of the safety, gastroprotective activity and mechanism of action of standardised leaves infusion extract of Copaifera malmei Harms	Adzu B., Balogun S.O., Pavan E., Ascêncio S.D., Soares I.M., Aguiar R.W.S., Ribeiro R.V., Beserra Â.M.S.E.S., De Oliveira R.G., Da Silva L.I., Damazo A.S., Martins D.T.D.O.	2015	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	175	None	10.1016/j.jep.2015.09.027	Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av.Fer- nando Correada Costa, no.2367-Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, Brazil; Área de Histologia, Departamento de Ciências Básica	Adzu, B., Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av.Fer- nando Correada Costa, no.2367-Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, Brazil, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Abuja, Nigeria; Balogun, S.O., Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av.Fer- nando Correada Costa, no.2367-Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, Brazil; Pavan, E., Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av.Fer- nando Correada Costa, no.2367-Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, Brazil; Ascêncio, S.D., Laboratório de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Curso de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Tocantins (UFT), Palmas, Brazil; Soares, I.M., Laboratório de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Curso de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Tocantins (UFT), Palmas, Brazil; Aguiar, R.W.S., Departamento da Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Do Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi, Brazil; Ribeiro, R.V., Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av.Fer- nando Correada Costa, no.2367-Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, Brazil; Beserra, Â.M.S.E.S., Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av.Fer- nando Correada Costa, no.2367-Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, Brazil; De Oliveira, R.G., Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av.Fer- nando Correada Costa, no.2367-Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, Brazil; Da Silva, L.I., Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av.Fer- nando Correada Costa, no.2367-Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, Brazil; Damazo, A.S., Área de Histologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil; Martins, D.T.D.O., Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av.Fer- nando Correada Costa, no.2367-Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, Brazil	Ethnopharmacological relevance Copaifera malmei Harms (Fabaceae) is a plant that occurs in the central region of Brazil, where the plant's leaves infusion is popularly used to treat gastric ulcer and inflammatory diseases. This study was aimed to investigate the gastroprotective activity and mode of action of the plants' leaves infusion in order to establish the scientific basis for such usage, and to assess its potential as a source of an anti-ulcer agent. Materials and methods Leaves infusion extract of the plant (SIECm) was prepared, freeze dried and lyophilised. Its qualitative and quantitative phytochemical constituents were investigated using TLC and HPLC techniques. The safety profile was evaluated on CHO-k1 epithelial cells viability using the Alamar blue assay, and by acute toxicity test in mice. The gastroprotection and anti-ulcer efficacy of the SIECm (25, 100 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) were tested using acute (acidified ethanol, piroxicam and water restrain stress), and chronic (acetic acid) experimental ulcer models. The plausible mode of action of the SIECm was assessed using gastric secretion, gastric barrier mucus, nitric oxide, and its antioxidant (myeloperoxidase and catalase) effects in mice and rats. The histopathological analyses of the ulcerated tissues as well as the extract's activity on Helicobacter pylori were also investigated. Results Phytochemical tests indicated the presence of mainly phytosterols, phenolics and flavonoids. The SIECm exhibited no cytotoxic effects on the CHO-k1 cells, and no oral acute toxicity in mice. It prevented against the acute induced ulcerations by enhancing gastroprotection through gastric mucus production, NO modulation, antioxidant, reduced gastric secretion and enhanced chronic ulcers healing process, as shown by reduction/prevention of epithelial and vascular damage, in addition to reduction in leucocyte infiltration. The SIECm however did not exhibit activity against H. pylori. Conclusion The SIECm is safe, contain useful phytochemicals and exhibited significant gastroprotective/anti-ulcer effects. The results justify its folkloric usage, and provided scientific evidence of its potential as a source of new phytodrug to treat gastric ulcers. © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Acute toxicity; Copaifera malmei; Gastroprotection; Leaves infusion; Phytochemicals	acetic acid; alcohol; antiulcer agent; carbenoxolone; catalase; catechin; copaifera malmei extract; ellagic acid; flavonoid; gallic acid; myeloperoxidase; nitric oxide; phenol derivative; phytosterol; piroxicam; plant extract; quercetin; rutoside; unclassified drug; water; acute toxicity; adult; analytic method; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antioxidant activity; antiulcer activity; Article; blood vessel injury; cell viability; CHO cell line; clinical assessment; controlled study; Copaifera malmei; drug efficacy; drug mechanism; drug safety; drug screening; epithelium cell; experimental mouse; experimental rat; Fabaceae; freeze drying; Helicobacter pylori; high performance liquid chromatography; histopathology; immobilization stress; infusion; lymphocytic infiltration; lyophilisate; medicinal plant; mouse; nonhuman; plant leaf; qualitative analysis; quantitative analysis; rat; resazurin assay; single drug dose; stomach lesion; stomach mucus; stomach protection; stomach secretion; stomach ulcer; thin layer chromatography; ulcer healing; water restraint stress	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84915752416	Direct radiative forcing of urban aerosols over Pretoria (25.75°S, 28.28°E) using AERONET Sunphotometer data: First scientific results and environmental impact	Adesina A.J., Kumar K.R., Sivakumar V., Griffith D.	2014	Journal of Environmental Sciences (China)	26	12	10.1016/j.jes.2014.04.006	Discipline of Physics, School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China; Optronic Sensor Systems, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-DPSS, Pretoria, South Africa	Adesina, A.J., Discipline of Physics, School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Kumar, K.R., Discipline of Physics, School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China; Sivakumar, V., Discipline of Physics, School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Griffith, D., Optronic Sensor Systems, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-DPSS, Pretoria, South Africa	The present study uses the data collected from Cimel Sunphotometer of Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) for the period from January to December, 2012 over an urban site, Pretoria (PTR; 25.75°S, 28.28°E, 1449mabove sea level), South Africa. We found that monthly mean aerosol optical depth (AOD, τa) exhibits two maxima that occurred in summer (February) and winter (August) having values of 0.36±0.19 and 0.25±0.14, respectively, high-to-moderate values in spring and thereafter, decreases from autumn with a minima in early winter (June) 0.12±0.07. The Angstrom exponents (α440-870) likewise, have its peak in summer (January) 1.70±0.21 and lowest in early winter (June) 1.38±0.26, while the columnar water vapor (CWV) followed AOD pattern with high values (summer) at the beginning of the year (February, 2.10±0.37cm) and low values (winter) in the middle of the year (July, 0.66±0.21cm). The volume size distribution (VSD) in the fine-mode is higher in the summer and spring seasons, whereas in the coarse mode the VSD is higher in the winter and lower in the summer due to the hygroscopic growth of aerosol particles. The single scattering albedo (SSA) ranged from 0.85 to 0.96 at 440nm over PTR for the entire study period. The averaged aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) computed using SBDART model at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) was -8.78±3.1W/m2, while at the surface it was -25.69±8.1W/m2 leading to an atmospheric forcing of +16.91±6.8W/m2, indicating significant heating of the atmosphere with a mean of 0.47K/day. © 2014 The Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V.	AERONET; Aerosol optical depth; Pretoria; Radiative forcing; Single scattering albedo	Atmospheric aerosols; Atmospheric radiation; Environmental impact; Optical properties; Sea level; Solar radiation; AERONET; Aerosol optical depths; Pretoria; Radiative forcings; Single scattering albedo; Urban growth; aerosol; albedo; atmospheric forcing; environmental impact; light scattering; optical depth; radiative forcing; urban atmosphere; Gauteng; Pretoria; South Africa; aerosol; aerosol; analysis; atmosphere; chemistry; environment; light related phenomena; remote sensing; South Africa; weather; Aerosols; Atmosphere; Environment; Optical Phenomena; Remote Sensing Technology; South Africa; Weather	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878502060	Effect of age and performance on physical, hematological, and biochemical parameters in endurance horses	Adamu L., Noraniza M.A., Rasedee A., Bashir A.	2013	Journal of Equine Veterinary Science	33	6	10.1016/j.jevs.2012.07.015	Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Patholo	Adamu, L., Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria; Noraniza, M.A., Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Rasedee, A., Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Bashir, A., Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia	Endurance horses are subjected to heightened stress even after several conditioning protocols. Hence, the goal of this study was to examine the effect of age and performance on the hematology, biochemistry, and physical parameters after an endurance race. Eighteen horses aged 6-15 years were grouped into 80-km race category. All the horses were physically examined, and blood samples were collected postrace. After physical examination, the poor (n = 9) and good (n = 9) performance horses were identified. Potassium concentration was significantly higher (P < .05) in the good performance horses; chloride concentration was significantly higher (P < .05) in the poor performance horses. The mean blood glucose concentration of the poor performance horses in all the age-groups was significantly higher (P < .05). The mean blood lactate concentration was significantly lower (P < .05) in the poor performance horses. There was significant effect of performance on heart rate (P < .031), capillary refill time (P < .013), and gut motility (P < .05). Univariate Fisher exact test results were significantly higher for skin recoil (P < .03), mucous membrane (P < .03), and gait (P < .04) in the performance categories. In conclusion, the influence of age was seen in the poor performance category in relation to lactate, but age did not influence other physical, hematological, and biochemical parameters of the endurance horses. Thus, further studies are required to determine whether physical, hematological, and biochemical parameters during training could be used to estimate performance in endurance horses based on age. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.	Age; Biochemical; Endurance horses; Hematological; Performance; Physical	Equidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-10244219995	Studies of the chemical composition and protein quality evaluation of differently processed Canavalia ensiformis and Mucuna pruriens seed flours	Agbede J.O., Aletor V.A.	2005	Journal of Food Composition and Analysis	18	1	10.1016/j.jfca.2003.10.011	Division of Nutritional Biochemistry, Dept. of Animal Production/Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Agbede, J.O., Division of Nutritional Biochemistry, Dept. of Animal Production/Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Aletor, V.A., Division of Nutritional Biochemistry, Dept. of Animal Production/Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Differently processed seed flours of Canavalia ensiformis and Mucuna pruriens were characterized with respect to their proximate composition, gross energy, mineral and amino acid contents. The anti-nutrients typified by phytin, lectin, trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA), tannin and cyanide were also quantified and this was followed by protein quality evaluation with the rat. The result showed that C. ensiformis contained on the average: crude protein 24.2±2.2, ash 3.1±0.6 and ether extract 11.1±0.9 g/100 g DM while M. pruriens contained on the average: CP 25.7±1.4, ash 4.1±1.4 and EE 9.6±2.8 g/100 g DM. The gross energy varied from 1.65 to 2.07 MJ/100 g for C. ensiformis with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 6.74% while it varied from 1.66 to 2.07 MJ/100 g with a CV of 6.19% for M. pruriens due to processing. The seed flours contained a good array of amino acids but were low in cystine and methionine. Also the two flours contained appreciable levels of Na, K, Ca, Mg and P as well as some minor minerals such as Zn, Mn, Fe and Cu. The levels of these minerals were higher in the raw flours and tended to be low, in most cases, in dehulled flours. Processing significantly reduced and in some cases eliminated the anti-nutrients quantified. The protein quality evaluation of the legume seeds clearly indicated their unsuitability even in the processed forms, as sole sources of dietary protein in human nutrition. However, given their high yield potentials these seeds could play valuable roles as supplemental nutrient sources to some farm products used in food formulation for man in most developing countries where hunger is endemic. © 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Anti-nutrients; Canavalia Ensiformis; Mucuna pruriens; Nutrient; Processing	calcium; copper; cyanide; cysteine; iron; lectin; magnesium; manganese; methionine; phosphorus; potassium; sodium; tannin; trypsin inhibitor; zinc; amino acid analysis; amino acid composition; article; Canavalia; chemical composition; chemical procedures; controlled study; cooking; flour; food composition; food processing; high performance liquid chromatography; nonhuman; plant seed; protein quality; statistical analysis; statistical significance; velvet bean; Canavalia; Canavalia ensiformis; Fraxinus; Mucuna; Mucuna pruriens	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-17644398419	Nutritional and toxicological evaluation of Saccharomyces cerevisae fermented cassava flour	Oboh G., Akindahunsi A.A.	2005	Journal of Food Composition and Analysis	18	7	10.1016/j.jfca.2004.06.013	Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria	Oboh, G., Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria; Akindahunsi, A.A., Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria	Pure strain of Saccharomyces cerevisae was used to ferment cassava pulp for 72 h with the aim of increasing the protein content of the cassava product. The mash obtained was processed to cassava flour, one of the forms in which cassava product is commonly consumed in Nigeria. The nutritional and toxicological potentials of the fungus fermented cassava flour were evaluated using rat bioassay. S. cerevisae fermented cassava flour (40%) fed to albino rat for 21 days had high feed conversion and digestibility (apparent and dry matter). Moreover, this level of cassava incorporation had no negative haematological (packed cell volume, red blood cell counts and white blood cell counts) effect. However, there was a significant (P < 0.05) rise in the serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase and serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase activities indicating a possible damage to the liver (hepatotoxic) and/or heart (cardiotoxic), while there was no significant (P > 0.05) rise in the serum albumin and bilirubin. Further pathological investigation revealed that the spleen showed some dark red colouration while the liver had some necrotic lesion. The possible cause of this damage is the theme of further investigation in our laboratory. © 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Cassava flour; Fermentation; Nutrition; S. cerevisae; Toxicology	alanine aminotransferase; aspartate aminotransferase; bilirubin; protein; serum albumin; alanine aminotransferase blood level; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; aspartate aminotransferase blood level; cardiotoxicity; cassava; controlled study; digestion; fermentation; flour; food analysis; food poisoning; food processing; food quality; liver necrosis; liver toxicity; Nigeria; nonhuman; nutritional value; protein content; rat; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; spleen; Fungi; Manihot esculenta; Saccharomyces	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547738651	Impact of South African fortification legislation on product formulation for low-income households	Duvenage S.S., Schönfeldt H.C.	2007	Journal of Food Composition and Analysis	20	8	10.1016/j.jfca.2007.04.001	Department of Hospitality and Tourism, Vaal University of Technology, Private Bag X021, P.O. Bag X021, Vanderbijlpark, Gauteng 1900, South Africa; Department of Consumer Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Duvenage, S.S., Department of Hospitality and Tourism, Vaal University of Technology, Private Bag X021, P.O. Bag X021, Vanderbijlpark, Gauteng 1900, South Africa; Schönfeldt, H.C., Department of Consumer Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Newly introduced legislation for the fortification of maize meal and bread flour in South Africa enhanced nutritive intakes for selected nutrients and enabled the formulation of an affordable, dry, plant-based premixed food product for low-income households. Firstly, the nutritive intakes and relatedness to prevalent nutrient deficiencies in South Africa were calculated to portray the impact of the implemented food fortification legislation [Republic of South Africa (RSA), 2003. Department of Health. Government notice. No. R2003. Regulations relating to the fortification of certain foodstuffs. Section 15(1) of the Foodstuffs, Cosmetics and Disinfectants Act, No. 54 of 1972. Retrieved February 25, 2005, 〈http://www.doh.gov.za/search/default.asp〉]. Despite fortification, nutritive intakes were still significantly less than recommended. Linear programming was then applied to plot the estimated average requirements (EAR) for females (19-50 years) against nutritive content and cost of 100 g cooked product of each of the constituent ingredients of the premix product. Programming constraints were manipulated to identify the most viable ratio of possible ingredients to satisfy the indicated nutritive requirements and affordability. Due to fortification, vitamin A was eliminated as major formulation constraint, enabling satisfaction for vitamin A, zinc, iron and folate. Constraints for pyridoxine, riboflavin and thiamine were alleviated, facilitating product formulation. The provisioning for energy (-5%) and potassium (-7%) were indicated as limitations and relaxed to derive a reasonable answer. However, nutrients naturally restricted in cereal grains and legumes could not be provided for. The approach as developed could be applied by industry and others to enhance affordable and sustained nutrient intake to survival households. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Amino acid score; Dietary reference intakes; Fortification legislation; Linear programming; Product optimisation	Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84885027002	Evaluation of Fourier transform-NIR spectroscopy for integrated external and internal quality assessment of Valencia oranges	Magwaza L.S., Opara U.L., Terry L.A., Landahl S., Cronje P.J.R., Nieuwoudt H.H., Hanssens A., Saeys W., Nicolaï B.M.	2013	Journal of Food Composition and Analysis	31	1	10.1016/j.jfca.2013.05.007	Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory, South African Research Chair in Postharvest Technology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Plant Science Laboratory, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, United Kingdom; Citrus Research International, Department of Horticultural Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Institute for Wine Biotechnology and Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; MeBioS Division, Department of Biosystems, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium	Magwaza, L.S., Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory, South African Research Chair in Postharvest Technology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Opara, U.L., Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory, South African Research Chair in Postharvest Technology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Terry, L.A., Plant Science Laboratory, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, United Kingdom; Landahl, S., Plant Science Laboratory, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, United Kingdom; Cronje, P.J.R., Citrus Research International, Department of Horticultural Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Nieuwoudt, H.H., Institute for Wine Biotechnology and Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Hanssens, A., MeBioS Division, Department of Biosystems, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; Saeys, W., MeBioS Division, Department of Biosystems, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; Nicolaï, B.M., MeBioS Division, Department of Biosystems, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium	Diffuse reflectance near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was explored as a non-destructive method to detect external and internal quality of Valencia oranges. The study compared three different Fourier transform NIR acquisition methods, namely, a fibre-optic probe for solid samples (SP), an integrating sphere (IS) and an emission head (EH). Fruit quality attributes measured included mass, colour index, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), maturity index expressed as TSS:TA ratio and vitamin C. Partial least squares regression was applied to spectral data to develop prediction models for each quality attribute and by randomly dividing the data into calibration and independent validation sets. To test robustness, a set of fruit harvested from another location was used for external validation. Fruit mass, colour index, TSS and vitamin C were predicted with significant accuracy showing RPD-values of 3.53, 1.99, 1.87 and 1.33, respectively. The spectral acquisition method had a significant influence on the calibration regression statistics and accuracy of prediction. The models developed using the EH gave the best prediction statistics for mass ( R= 0.96, RMSEP = 10.45. g), colour index ( R= 0.83, RMSEP = 0.82) and vitamin C ( R= 0.66, 8.01. mg/100. mL), while the IS gave the best prediction for TSS ( R= 0.83, RMSEP = 0.58). The model parameters remained fairly constant when the models were validated using fruit from another location, indicating high level of model robustness. Good prediction statistics observed when using EH demonstrated the potential of this spectrometer as a non-destructive tool to holistically evaluate external and internal quality parameters. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.	Citrus fruit; Citrus sinensis L.; Food composition; FT-NIR; Integrated non-destructive food analysis techniques; Near infrared spectroscopy; NIR; Valencia orange; Vitamin C	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-14044269447	Performance evaluation of an Oil Palm Fruit Screen	Badmus G.A., Adeyemi N.A., Owolarafe O.K.	2005	Journal of Food Engineering	69	2	10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2004.08.011	Nigerian Inst. for Oil Palm Research, Benin city, Nigeria; Dept. of Agricultural Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Badmus, G.A., Nigerian Inst. for Oil Palm Research, Benin city, Nigeria; Adeyemi, N.A., Nigerian Inst. for Oil Palm Research, Benin city, Nigeria; Owolarafe, O.K., Dept. of Agricultural Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Pre-sterilization cleaning of fruit by the removal of calyx is a common practice by Nigeria Small Scale Palm Oil producers. They manually pick palm fruits or repose fruits along inclined wire gauze to achieve the separation of calyx from fruits. These manual methods are slow, labour demanding and arduous. An Oil Palm Fruit Screen was designed (in the Research Engineering Division of NIFOR) to separate calyx from oil palm fruits (prior to fruit sterilization) and to clean fruits thereby improving oil palm fruit quality in the Small Scale Processing Engineering (SSPE) outfit used at NIFOR. In the evaluation of the machine, harvested oil palm fruit naturally containing calyx was screened. Known weights of palm fruit and calyx mixed in various proportions were also screened in the machine. Consistently, over 80% separation was obtained whenever a mixture of fruit and calyx is subjected to the machine. This result shows that the incorporation of this screen in the SSPE enhances pre-sterilization cleaning of palm fruits thereby improving the overall efficiency of the Small Scale Processing Equipment in terms of oil yield and quality. © 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd.	Calyx; Effectiveness; Oil palm fruits; Oil-yield; Quality; Screen	Crude petroleum; Harvesting; Heating; Hoppers; Quality control; Rotating machinery; Separation; Sterilization (cleaning); Calyx; Effectiveness; Oil palm fruits; Oil-yeild; Fruits; Crude Oil; Fruits; Harvesting; Heating; Hoppers; Rotary Machines; Separation; Sterilization; Calyx; Elaeis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-28044456323	Performance of a solar dryer with limited sun tracking capability	Mwithiga G., Kigo S.N.	2006	Journal of Food Engineering	74	2	10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.03.018	Biomechanical and Environmental Engineering Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya	Mwithiga, G., Biomechanical and Environmental Engineering Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya; Kigo, S.N., Biomechanical and Environmental Engineering Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya	A small solar dryer with limited sun tracking capabilities was designed and tested. The dryer had a mild steel absorber plate and a polyvinyl chloride (pvc) transparent cover and could be adjusted to track the sun in increments of 15°. The performance was tested by adjusting the angle the dryer made with the horizontal either once, three, five or nine times a day when either loaded with coffee beans or under no load conditions. The temperature distribution in the plenum and also the drying rate of parchment coffee were determined. The temperature inside the plenum chamber could reach a maximum of 70.4 °C and the dryer could lower the moisture content of coffee beans from 54.8% to below 13% (w.b.) in 2 days as opposed to the 5-7 days required in sun drying. Tracking the sun though allowing a faster rate of drying did not offer a significant advantage in terms of length of drying duration. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Coffee; Drying; Solar dryer; Temperature distribution; Tracking	Drying; Food products; Moisture; Plates (structural components); Polyvinyl chlorides; Steel; Sun; Temperature distribution; Coffee; Steel absorber plates; Sun drying; Tracking; Solar dryers; Phaseolus (angiosperm)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-81055157615	Investigating the performance of thermonebulisation fungicide fogging system for loaded fruit storage room using CFD model	Delele M.A., Vorstermans B., Creemers P., Tsige A.A., Tijskens E., Schenk A., Opara U.L., Nicolaï B.M., Verboven P.	2012	Journal of Food Engineering	109	1	10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.09.030	BIOSYST-MeBioS, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Proefcentrum Fruitteelt, Fruittuinweg 1, 3800 Sint-Truiden, Belgium; Flanders Centre of Postharvest Technology, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; South African Research Department in Postharvest Technology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	Delele, M.A., BIOSYST-MeBioS, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, South African Research Department in Postharvest Technology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Vorstermans, B., Proefcentrum Fruitteelt, Fruittuinweg 1, 3800 Sint-Truiden, Belgium; Creemers, P., Proefcentrum Fruitteelt, Fruittuinweg 1, 3800 Sint-Truiden, Belgium; Tsige, A.A., BIOSYST-MeBioS, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Tijskens, E., BIOSYST-MeBioS, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Schenk, A., Flanders Centre of Postharvest Technology, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Opara, U.L., South African Research Department in Postharvest Technology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Nicolaï, B.M., BIOSYST-MeBioS, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, Flanders Centre of Postharvest Technology, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Verboven, P., BIOSYST-MeBioS, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium	To study the operation of postharvest storage fungicide fogging systems, a CFD model was used. The modelling was based on an Eulerian-Lagrangian multiphase flow model. The effect of air circulation rate, circulation interval, bin design, stacking pattern and room design on deposition of fungicide was investigated. Air circulation rates of 0 m3 h-1 (no circulation), 2100 and 6800 m3 h-1 were used. Interval circulation of air was also investigated. The highest fungicide deposition was observed during fogging without circulation while the lowest deposition corresponded to fogging with the highest circulation rate. For the considered on/off combination times, the effect of circulation interval on overall average deposition and uniformity was not significantly different from the case of fogging with continuous air circulation. Bin with higher vent hole ratio and the presence of air deflector increased the amount and uniformity of deposition. Good agreement was found between measured and predicted results of deposition of fungicide particles. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Aerosol; Airflow; Apple; CFD; Cold storage; Pyrimethanil	Air circulation; Air deflectors; Airflow; Apple; Bin design; CFD models; Circulation rates; Fogging system; Fruit storage; Multi-phase flow models; Post-harvest storage; Pyrimethanil; Stacking patterns; Aerosols; Air; Bins; Cold storage; Computational fluid dynamics; Deposition; Fruits; Fungicides; Multiphase flow; Fog dispersal; Malus x domestica	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872100028	Impact of milieu conditions on the α-lactalbumin glycosylation in the dry state	Cheison S.C., Josten E., Kulozik U.	2013	Journal of Food Engineering	116	1	10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2012.11.003	Zentralinstitut für Ernährungs- und Lebensmittelforschung (ZIEL), Junior Research Group: Bioactive Peptides and Protein Technology, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, D-85354 Freising, Germany; School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Private Bag, Kisumu, Kenya; Department of Food Process Engineering and Dairy Technology, ZIEL Technology Section, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, D-85354 Freising, Germany	Cheison, S.C., Zentralinstitut für Ernährungs- und Lebensmittelforschung (ZIEL), Junior Research Group: Bioactive Peptides and Protein Technology, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, D-85354 Freising, Germany, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Private Bag, Kisumu, Kenya; Josten, E., Zentralinstitut für Ernährungs- und Lebensmittelforschung (ZIEL), Junior Research Group: Bioactive Peptides and Protein Technology, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, D-85354 Freising, Germany; Kulozik, U., Department of Food Process Engineering and Dairy Technology, ZIEL Technology Section, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, D-85354 Freising, Germany	Maillard reaction is influenced by protein and sugar properties, water activity (aw) as well as the glycosylation time and temperature. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of environmental parameters on the glycosylation reaction kinetics and to develop a technology platform for protein glycosylation as a possible substrate pre-treatment. The glycosylation reaction of bovine α-lactalbumin (α-La) was performed with lactose and maltodextrin in the dry-state at 40, 50 or 60 °C performed at a w of 0.33, 0.44 or 0.58 for reaction times of 8, 24 or 48 h. The degree of glycosylation (DG) was determined as the loss of lysine using the ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) method. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) with Coomassie and glycoprotein staining was also performed. The reaction with lactose reached higher DG values in all cases as compared to reactions with maltodextrin (maximum DG of 85% and 31%, respectively, at aw = 0.58 after 48 h). Lactosylation kinetics showed that the second order rate constants increased with increasing temperature and were highest at aw = 0.58 in all cases. The activation energies were determined as 97.1 ± 37.7, 193.9 ± 9.1 and 136.6 ± 15.6 kJ/mol for aw = 0.33, 0.44 and 0.58, respectively and showed an increasing trend with increasing temperature. Glycosylation of α-La offers a new process for improvement of functional properties as well as being a substrate pre-treatment process to control enzymatic digestion in order to generate tailor-made peptides as food additives with important health benefits like probiotics due to glycoprotein resistance to further enzyme hydrolysis. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	α-Lactalbumin; Glycosylation degree; Glycosylation kinetics; Lactose; Maltodextrin	Dry state; Environmental parameter; Enzymatic digestions; Enzyme hydrolysis; Functional properties; Glycosylation reactions; Health benefits; Lactose; Maillard reaction; Maltodextrins; Ortho-phthalaldehyde; Pre-Treatment; Pretreatment process; Probiotics; Protein glycosylation; SDS-PAGE; Second-order rate constants; Sodium dodecyl sulphate; Technology platforms; Water activity; Activation energy; Amino acids; Electrophoresis; Esterification; Glycoproteins; Kinetics; Polysaccharides; Proteins; Rate constants; Reaction kinetics; Sodium; Sugars; Glycosylation; Bovinae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883445474	Performance of multi-packaging for table grapes based on airflow, cooling rates and fruit quality	Ngcobo M.E.K., Delele M.A., Opara U.L., Meyer C.J.	2013	Journal of Food Engineering	116	2	10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2012.12.044	Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Perishable Product Export Control Board, 45 Silwerboom Avenue, Plattekloof, Parow 7500, South Africa	Ngcobo, M.E.K., Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa, Perishable Product Export Control Board, 45 Silwerboom Avenue, Plattekloof, Parow 7500, South Africa; Delele, M.A., Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Opara, U.L., Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Meyer, C.J., Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	The performance of three table grapes multi-scale designs, namely the 4.5 kg box, 5 kg open-top punnet and 5 kg clamshell punnet, was studied. Results showed that vent-hole ratio of empty grape boxes had a significant influence on the resistance to airflow, where the 5 kg punnet box with a vent-hole ratio of 6.13 ± 0.04% had a lower pressure drop than the 4.5 kg boxes with a lower vent-hole ratio of 3.80 ± 1.74%. The addition of liner films and inner packages changed the pressure patterns, indicating that inner packaging had a great influence on airflow resistance and airflow patterns through multi-scale packages of grapes. Cooling rates of grapes in the 4.5 kg multi-packaging was significantly (P < 0.05) slower than that of grapes in 5 kg punnet multi-packaging, where the 4.5 kg box resulted in a seven-eighths cooling time of 30.30-46.14% and 12.69-25.00% more than that of open-top and clamshell punnet multi-packages, respectively. After 35 days in cold storage at -0.5°C, grape bunches in the 5 kg punnet box combination (open-top and clamshell) had a weight loss of 2.01-3.12%, while the bunches in the 4.5 kg box combination had only 1.08% weight loss. The bunch stem dehydration rates were also higher in the 5 kg punnet multi-package. These results were attributed to differences in vapour pressure deficit (VPD) measured between the three multi-scale packages, where the VPD inside the 4.5 kg multi-packaging was 40.95 Pa, while the VPD inside the 5 kg open-top and clamshell punnet packaging were 92.97 Pa and 100.71 Pa, respectively. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Forced air cooling; Moisture loss; Multi-packaging; Pressure drop; Table grape; Vapour pressure	Forced air cooling; Moisture loss; Multi-packaging; Table grapes; Vapour pressures; Cold storage; Cooling; Pressure drop; Vapors; Vents; Packaging; Vitaceae	National Research Foundation
None	None	Diagnostic model for assessing traceability system performance in fish processing plants	Mgonja J.T., Luning P., Van Der Vorst J.G.A.J.	2013	Journal of Food Engineering	118	2	10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.04.009	Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3073, Morogoro, Tanzania; Product Design and Quality Management Group, Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Bomenweg 2, NL-6700 EV Wageningen, Netherlands; Logistics and Operations Research, Logistics, Decision and Information Sciences, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN Wageningen, Netherlands	Mgonja, J.T., Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3073, Morogoro, Tanzania; Luning, P., Product Design and Quality Management Group, Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Bomenweg 2, NL-6700 EV Wageningen, Netherlands; Van Der Vorst, J.G.A.J., Logistics and Operations Research, Logistics, Decision and Information Sciences, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN Wageningen, Netherlands	This paper introduces a diagnostic tool that can be used by fish processing companies to evaluate their own traceability systems in a systematic manner. The paper begins with discussions on the rationale of traceability systems in food manufacturing companies, followed by a detailed analysis of the most important indicators in the designing and executing traceability systems. The diagnostic tool is presented in four grids through which fish companies can evaluate their own developed traceability system. The paper argues that if a company operates at a higher level of contextual factors, then design and execution of traceability system needs to be at a higher level as well so as to achieve a higher level of traceability system performance. The paper concludes that companies that are able to systematically assess their own developed traceability systems are able to determine food safety problems well in advance, and thereby take appropriate corrective actions. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Fish processing plants; Traceability system design	Contextual factors; Corrective actions; Diagnostic model; Diagnostic tools; Fish processing; Food manufacturing; Safety problems; Traceability systems; Diagnostic products; Fish products; Industry	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33644518381	Performance optimization of coagulant/flocculant in the treatment of wastewater from a beverage industry	Amuda O.S., Amoo I.A., Ajayi O.O.	2006	Journal of Hazardous Materials	129	03-Jan	10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.07.078	Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Amuda, O.S., Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Amoo, I.A., Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Ajayi, O.O., Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	This study investigated the effect of coagulation/flocculation treatment process on wastewater of Fumman Beverage Industry, Ibadan, Nigeria. The study also compared different dosages of coagulant, polyelectrolyte (non-ionic polyacrylamide) and different pH values of the coagulation processes. The effect of different dosages of polyelectrolyte in combination with coagulant was also studied. The results reveal that low pH values (3-8), enhance removal efficiency of the contaminants. Percentage removal of 78, 74 and 75 of COD, TSS and TP, respectively, were achieved by the addition of 500 mg/L Fe2(SO 4)3·3H2O and 93, 94 and 96% removal of COD, TSS and TP, respectively, were achieved with the addition of 25 mg/L polyelectrolyte to the coagulation process. The volume of sludge produced, when coagulant was used solely, was higher compared to the use of polyelectrolyte combined with Fe2(SO4)3·3H2O. This may be as a result of non-ionic nature of the polyelectrolyte; hence, it does not chemically react with solids of the wastewater. Coagulation/ flocculation may be useful as a pre-treatment process for beverage industrial wastewater prior to biological treatment. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Beverage wastewater; Coagulation; pH control; Polyelectrolyte; Sludge	Beverages; Chemical reactions; Flocculation; Optimization; pH effects; Polyelectrolytes; Sewage sludge; Wastewater treatment; Beverage wastewater; Biological treatment; PH control; Sludge; Coagulation; coagulating agent; polyelectrolyte; proton; sulfur oxide; Beverages; Chemical reactions; Coagulation; Flocculation; Optimization; pH effects; Polyelectrolytes; Sewage sludge; Wastewater treatment; wastewater; article; beverage; chemical analysis; chemical reaction; flocculation; food contamination; pH; sludge; waste water management; wine industry; Beverages; Flocculation; Fruit; Industrial Waste; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Waste Management; Water Pollutants, Chemical	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-71749096148	Evaluation of copper speciation in model solutions of humic acid by mini-columns packed with Chelex-100 and new chelating agents: Application to speciation of selected heavy metals in environmental water samples	Kiptoo J.K., Ngila J.C., Silavwe N.D.	2009	Journal of Hazardous Materials	172	42403	10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.07.119	Department of Chemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya; School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Priv. Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, University of Swaziland, P/Bag 4, Kwaluseni, Swaziland	Kiptoo, J.K., Department of Chemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya; Ngila, J.C., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Priv. Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Silavwe, N.D., Department of Chemistry, University of Swaziland, P/Bag 4, Kwaluseni, Swaziland	A solid-phase extraction procedure using mini-columns packed with Chelex-100 and two new chelating agents based on poly(vinyl chloride) functionalized with 3-ferrocenyl-3-hydroxydithioacrylic acid and N,N′-[1,1′-dithiobis(ethylene)]-bis(salicylideneimine) (H2sales) loaded on microcrystalline naphthalene, is reported. The columns were used to separate labile copper fractions in model solutions and in real samples with subsequent determination using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). Various model solutions containing 20 μg L-1 of Cu2+ and 0.0, 0.2, 2.0 and 20.0 mg L-1 of humic acid, respectively, and buffered to pH 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0 were considered. Results showed a decrease in labile copper fraction with increase in humic acid concentration. Application of the procedure to speciation of Cu, Ni, Zn and Pb in various environmental water samples yielded labile fractions in the range of 1.67-55.75% against a total dissolved fraction of 44.08-69.77%. Comparison of the three chelating agents showed that H2sales had a weaker metal chelating strength than Chelex-100, but PVC-FSSH had comparable chelating strength to Chelex-100. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	3-Ferrocenyl-3-hydroxydithioacrylic acid; Chelating agent; Chelex-100; Labile metal fraction; N,N′-[1,1′-dithiobis(ethylene)]-bis(salicylideneimine)	3-Ferrocenyl-3-hydroxydithioacrylic acid; Chelating agent; Chelex-100; Ferrocenyl; Labile metals; Absorption spectroscopy; Atomic absorption spectrometry; Biological materials; Chelation; Chlorine compounds; Copper; Dissolution; Enzyme immobilization; Ethylene; Heavy water; Lead; Metal recovery; Metals; Naphthalene; Organic acids; Polyvinyl chlorides; Zinc; Extraction; 3 ferrocenyl 3 hydroxydithioacrylic acid; chelating agent; copper; humic acid; lead; n,n' [1,1' dithiobis(ethylene)]bis(salicylideneimine); naphthalene; nickel; polyvinylchloride; river water; unclassified drug; zinc; aqueous solution; chelation; copper; extraction method; humic acid; speciation (chemistry); article; atomic absorption spectrometry; chelation; complex formation; concentration (parameters); controlled study; dissolution; heavy metal removal; metal binding; metal extraction; pH; solid phase extraction; waste water; water treatment; Chelating Agents; Copper; Environmental Remediation; Humic Substances; Ion Exchange; Metals, Heavy; Polyvinyl Chloride; Resins, Synthetic; Solid Phase Extraction; Water Pollutants, Chemical	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952889444	Evaluation of hazardous metal pollution in irrigation and drinking water systems in the vicinity of a coal mine area of northwestern Bangladesh	Bhuiyan M.A.H., Islam M.A., Dampare S.B., Parvez L., Suzuki S.	2010	Journal of Hazardous Materials	179	42372	10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.03.114	Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; Chemistry Division, Dhaka Atomic Energy Center, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; National Nuclear Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Legon-Accra, Ghana	Bhuiyan, M.A.H., Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; Islam, M.A., Chemistry Division, Dhaka Atomic Energy Center, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; Dampare, S.B., National Nuclear Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Legon-Accra, Ghana; Parvez, L., Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; Suzuki, S., Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan	An integrated approach of pollution evaluation indices, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) was employed to evaluate the intensity and sources of pollution in irrigation and drinking water systems of northwestern Bangladesh. Temperature, BOD, chemical oxygen demand (COD), Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Pb levels in most of the water samples exceed the Bangladesh and international standards. The heavy metal pollution index (HPI) and degree of contamination (Cd) yield different results despite significant correlations between them. The heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) shows strong correlations with HPI and Cd, and gives a better assessment of pollution levels. Modifications to the existing HPI and Cd schemes show comparable results with HEI, and indicate that about 55% of the mine drainage/irrigation waters and 50% of the groundwaters are moderately to highly contaminated. The CA, PCA and pollution indices suggest that the mine drainage water (DW) is contaminated by anthropogenic (mining operation and agrogenic) sources, and the proximal parts are more contaminated than the distal part. The groundwater system in the vicinity of the coal mine site is also heavily polluted by anthropogenic sources. The pollution status of irrigation and drinking water systems in the study area are of great environmental and health concerns. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.	Cluster analysis; Degree of contaminants; Heavy metal evaluation indices; Heavy metal pollution indices; Irrigation water; Principal component	Evaluation index; Heavy metal pollution; Irrigation waters; Principal component; Principal Components; Chemical oxygen demand; Cluster analysis; Coal mines; Contamination; Groundwater; Groundwater pollution; Heavy metals; Heavy water; Irrigation; Manganese; Manganese compounds; Manganese removal (water treatment); Metal analysis; Metals; Mining; Oxygen; Pollution; Potable water; Wastewater disposal; Water resources; Water supply; Waterworks; Principal component analysis; cobalt; copper; drinking water; ground water; heavy metal; iron; lead; manganese; nickel; anthropogenic effect; anthropogenic source; biochemical oxygen demand; chemical oxygen demand; cluster analysis; coal mine; drinking water; environmental impact assessment; groundwater; hazardous waste; health risk; heavy metal; irrigation; mine drainage; pollutant source; pollution monitoring; principal component analysis; water quality; water temperature; article; Bangladesh; biochemical oxygen demand; chemical oxygen demand; cluster analysis; coal mining; environmental health; irrigation (agriculture); physical chemistry; principal component analysis; temperature; water pollution; water quality; Agriculture; Algorithms; Bangladesh; Cluster Analysis; Coal Mining; Hazardous Substances; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Metals, Heavy; Principal Component Analysis; Trace Elements; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Pollution, Chemical; Water Purification; Water Supply; Bangladesh	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84936880227	Impact of bioaccessible pyrene on the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes during Sphingobium sp.- and sophorolipid-enhanced bioremediation in soil	Sun M., Ye M., Wu J., Feng Y., Shen F., Tian D., Liu K., Hu F., Li H., Jiang X., Yang L., Kengara F.O.	2015	Journal of Hazardous Materials	300	None	10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.06.065	Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya	Sun, M., Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China, Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China; Ye, M., State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China; Wu, J., Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Feng, Y., Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; Shen, F., Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Tian, D., Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Liu, K., Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Hu, F., Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Li, H., Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Jiang, X., State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China; Yang, L., Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; Kengara, F.O., Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya	Soils are exposed to various types of chemical contaminants due to anthropogenic activities; however, research on persistent organic pollutants and the existence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is limited. To our knowledge, the present work for the first time focused on the bioremediation of soil co-contaminated with pyrene and tetracycline/sulfonamide-resistance genes. After 90 days of incubation, the pyrene concentration and the abundance of the four ARGs (tetW, tetM, sulI, and sulII) significantly decreased in different treatment conditions (p<0.05). The greatest pyrene removal (47.8%) and greatest decrease in ARG abundance (from 10-7 to 10-8 ARG copies per 16S rRNA copy) were observed in microcosms with a combination of bacterial and sophorolipid treatment. Throughout the incubation, pyrene bioaccessibility constantly declined in the microcosm inoculated with bacteria. However, an increased pyrene bioaccessibility and ARG abundance at day 40 were observed in soil treated with sophorolipid alone. Tenax extraction methods and linear correlation analysis indicated a strong positive relationship between the rapidly desorbing fraction (F<inf>r</inf>) of pyrene and ARG abundance. Therefore, we conclude that bioaccessible pyrene rather than total pyrene plays a major role in the maintenance and fluctuation of ARG abundance in the soil. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Antibiotic resistance genes; Bioaccessible pyrene; Sophorolipid; Sphingobium sp. PHE3	Antibiotics; Bioremediation; Biotechnology; Fluorine; Genes; Organic pollutants; Pollution; Pyrene; RNA; Soils; Anthropogenic activity; Antibiotic resistance genes; Chemical contaminants; Enhanced bioremediation; Linear correlation analysis; Persistent organic pollutant (POP); Sophorolipids; Sphingobium; Soil pollution; antibiotic agent; antibiotic resistant protein; bacterial protein; lipid; multidrug resistance protein; pyrene; RNA 16S; sophorolipid; sulfanilamide; tetracycline; unclassified drug; abundance; antibiotic resistance; antibiotics; bacterium; bioremediation; chemical pollutant; human activity; lipid; organic pollutant; pollutant removal; pyrene; soil pollution; antibiotic resistance; Article; bacterial gene; bacterial strain; bacterium culture; bioaccumulation; bioremediation; controlled study; correlation analysis; desorption; extraction; fractionation; incubation time; microcosm; nonhuman; soil; soil pollution; Sphingobacteria; Sphingobium; waste component removal; Bacteria (microorganisms); Sphingobium	SEPR2014-01, CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Scopus	2-s2.0-44649124221	The impact of tobacco advertising bans on consumption in developing countries	Blecher E.	2008	Journal of Health Economics	27	4	10.1016/j.jhealeco.2008.02.010	Health Economics Unit, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa	Blecher, E., Health Economics Unit, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa	Tobacco advertising bans have become commonplace in developed nations but are less prevalent in developing countries. The importance of advertising bans as part of comprehensive tobacco control strategies has been emphasised by the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control which calls for comprehensive bans on tobacco advertising. The empirical literature suggests that comprehensive advertising bans have played a role in reducing consumption in developed countries but that limited policies have not. This paper extends this analysis to include 30 developing countries and finds that bans do play an important role in reducing tobacco consumption in these countries. It finds that both comprehensive as well as limited policies are effective in reducing consumption although comprehensive bans have a far greater impact than limited ones. Furthermore, it finds that advertising bans may be even more effective in the developing world than they are in the developed world. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Advertising bans; Developing countries; Tobacco advertising; Tobacco consumption	advertising; developing world; health policy; tobacco; advertizing; article; cigarette smoking; comparative study; developed country; developing country; health care policy; smoking cessation; tobacco; Advertising as Topic; Developing Countries; Humans; Models, Econometric; Smoking; Tobacco Industry; Nicotiana tabacum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920895474	Using provider performance incentives to increase HIV testing and counseling services in Rwanda	de Walque D., Gertler P.J., Bautista-Arredondo S., Kwan A., Vermeersch C., de Dieu Bizimana J., Binagwaho A., Condo J.	2015	Journal of Health Economics	40	None	10.1016/j.jhealeco.2014.12.001	Development Research Group, The World Bank, United States; Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley, United States; National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; The World Bank, United States; Camris International, United States; Ministry of Health, Government of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda; Harvard Medical School, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, United States; Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, United States; School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda	de Walque, D., Development Research Group, The World Bank, United States; Gertler, P.J., Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley, United States; Bautista-Arredondo, S., National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; Kwan, A., National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; Vermeersch, C., The World Bank, United States; de Dieu Bizimana, J., Camris International, United States; Binagwaho, A., Ministry of Health, Government of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda, Harvard Medical School, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, United States, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, United States; Condo, J., School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda	Paying for performance provides financial rewards to medical care providers for improvements in performance measured by utilization and quality of care indicators. In 2006, Rwanda began a pay for performance scheme to improve health services delivery, including HIV/AIDS services. Using a prospective quasi-experimental design, this study examines the scheme's impact on individual and couples HIV testing. We find a positive impact of pay for performance on HIV testing among married individuals (10.2 percentage points increase). Paying for performance also increased testing by both partners by 14.7 percentage point among discordant couples in which only one of the partners is an AIDS patient. © 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V.	Africa; Couple testing; Health human resources; HIV testing and counseling; Performance-based financing	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; health services; human immunodeficiency virus; incentive; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adolescent; adult; Article; controlled study; female; health care delivery; health care planning; health care quality; HIV test; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; male; marital therapy; pay for performance; personnel management; prospective study; quasi experimental study; Rwanda; total quality management; Rwanda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33750442908	Impact of climate change and development scenarios on flow patterns in the Okavango River	Andersson L., Wilk J., Todd M.C., Hughes D.A., Earle A., Kniveton D., Layberry R., Savenije H.H.G.	2006	Journal of Hydrology	331	42371	10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.04.039	Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, SE-601 76 Norrköping, Sweden; Department of Water and Environmental Studies, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden; Department of Geography, University College of London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP, United Kingdom; Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; AWIRU, University of Pretoria, Suite 17, P/Bag X1, Vlaeberg 8018, South Africa; University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN 1 9 QJ, United Kingdom; Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands	Andersson, L., Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, SE-601 76 Norrköping, Sweden; Wilk, J., Department of Water and Environmental Studies, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden; Todd, M.C., Department of Geography, University College of London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP, United Kingdom; Hughes, D.A., Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Earle, A., AWIRU, University of Pretoria, Suite 17, P/Bag X1, Vlaeberg 8018, South Africa; Kniveton, D., University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN 1 9 QJ, United Kingdom; Layberry, R., University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN 1 9 QJ, United Kingdom; Savenije, H.H.G., Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands	This paper lays the foundation for the use of scenario modelling as a tool for integrated water resource management in the Okavango River basin. The Pitman hydrological model is used to assess the impact of various development and climate change scenarios on downstream river flow. The simulated impact on modelled river discharge of increased water use for domestic use, livestock, and informal irrigation (proportional to expected population increase) is very limited. Implementation of all likely potential formal irrigation schemes mentioned in available reports is expected to decrease the annual flow by 2% and the minimum monthly flow by 5%. The maximum possible impact of irrigation on annual average flow is estimated as 8%, with a reduction of minimum monthly flow by 17%. Deforestation of all areas within a 1 km buffer around the rivers is estimated to increase the flow by 6%. However, construction of all potential hydropower reservoirs in the basin may change the monthly mean flow distribution dramatically, although under the assumed operational rules, the impact of the dams is only substantial during wet years. The simulated impacts of climate change are considerable larger that those of the development scenarios (with exception of the high development scenario of hydropower schemes) although the results are sensitive to the choice of GCM and the IPCC SRES greenhouse gas (GHG) emission scenarios. The annual mean water flow predictions for the period 2020-2050 averaged over scenarios from all the four GCMs used in this study are close to the present situation for both the A2 and B2 GHG scenarios. For the 2050-2080 and 2070-2099 periods the all-GCM mean shows a flow decrease of 20% (14%) and 26% (17%), respectively, for the A2 (B2) GHG scenarios. However, the uncertainty in the magnitude of simulated future changes remains high. The simulated effect of climate change on minimum monthly flow is proportionally higher than the impact on the annual mean flow. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Climate change; Hydrological modelling; Okavango; River basin; Scenarios; Water resources development	Climate change; Discharge (fluid mechanics); Flow of water; Flow patterns; Mathematical models; River basin projects; Annual mean flow; Hydrological modeling; River basin; Water resources development; Water resources; Climate change; Discharge (fluid mechanics); Flow of water; Flow patterns; Mathematical models; River basin projects; Water resources; climate change; deforestation; development strategy; flow pattern; greenhouse gas; hydrological modeling; resource management; river discharge; river flow; water resource; Africa; Okavango Basin; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36249012553	Global streamflows - Part 2: Reservoir storage-yield performance	McMahon T.A., Vogel R.M., Pegram G.G.S., Peel M.C., Etkin D.	2007	Journal of Hydrology	347	42433	10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.09.021	Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Vic., Australia; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States; Civil Engineering Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	McMahon, T.A., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Vic., Australia; Vogel, R.M., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States; Pegram, G.G.S., Civil Engineering Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Peel, M.C., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Vic., Australia; Etkin, D., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States	This is the second of three papers describing hydrologic analyses of monthly and annual streamflow data for a global set of 729 unregulated rivers with at least 25 years of continuous data. Capacity estimates of hypothetical reservoirs are computed for each river using the Sequent Peak Algorithm (SPA), Behaviour analysis and the Gould-Dincer Gamma procedure. Based on SPA and Behaviour procedures, empirical relationships relating reservoir capacity and yield were developed which accounted for 87-96% of the variance in capacity estimates across the global data set of monthly streamflows. The theoretical Gould-Dincer Gamma procedure was also shown to be a suitable technique to estimate reservoir capacity-yield relationships. It is noted that the three procedures are based on different definitions of supply reliability. Continental variations of the estimated capacities under equivalent conditions are examined. Reservoir performance measures - reliability, resilience and dimensionless vulnerability - are computed and their continental variations described. As a result of these analyses a number of differences are noted about the performance of reservoirs across continental regions. For example, the median continental reservoir capacity as a ratio of the mean annual flow varied by a factor of 9 across the continental regions. Furthermore, based on the reliability metric as an example of reservoir performance, high reliabilities occur in the South Pacific and Europe, slightly less reliable systems in North and South America, lower still in northern Africa, followed by Australia and the lowest value in southern Africa. This distribution follows inversely with the coefficient of variation of annual streamflow between continents. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Global hydrology; Global rivers; Reservoir capacity-yield; Reservoir performance	Algorithms; Computation theory; Parameter estimation; Reservoirs (water); Global hydrology; Global rivers; Reservoir capacity-yield; Reservoir performance; Stream flow; Algorithms; Computation theory; Parameter estimation; Reservoirs (water); Stream flow; algorithm; data set; global perspective; hydrology; reliability analysis; reservoir; resilience; streamflow; vulnerability; Africa; Australasia; Australia; Eurasia; Europe; North America; Pacific Ocean; Pacific Ocean (South); South Africa; South America; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-49449092769	Impact of rainfall distribution on the parameterisation of a soil-moisture balance model of groundwater recharge in equatorial Africa	Mileham L., Taylor R., Thompson J., Todd M., Tindimugaya C.	2008	Journal of Hydrology	359	02-Jan	10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.06.007	Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Water Resources Management Directorate (WRMD), P.O. Box 19, Entebbe, Uganda	Mileham, L., Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Taylor, R., Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Thompson, J., Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Todd, M., Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Tindimugaya, C., Water Resources Management Directorate (WRMD), P.O. Box 19, Entebbe, Uganda	Robust calibration of hydrological models, driven by gridded precipitation data derived from either Regional Climate Models or statistical downscaling of General Circulation Models, is essential to the quantitative analysis of the impacts of climate change on catchment hydrology and freshwater resources. Predicted warming in equatorial Africa, accompanied by greater evaporation and more frequent heavy precipitation events, may have substantial but uncertain impacts on terrestrial hydrology. In this study, we examine how the spatial representation of precipitation influences the parameterisation and calibration of a soil-moisture balance model (SMBM) in the humid tropics of equatorial Uganda. SMBMs explicitly account for changes in soil-moisture and partition effective precipitation into groundwater recharge and runoff. The semi-distributed SMBM, calibrated with daily station data over a 15 year period (1965-1979), estimates a mean annual recharge of 104 mm a-1 and mean annual surface runoff of 144 mm a-1. Interpolation of station precipitation by inverse distance weighting produces a more uniform distribution, and a 7% increase, in mean annual catchment precipitation relative to point-based station data. Application of interpolated (gridded), uncorrected precipitation to the SMBM results in an underestimation of runoff and overestimation of recharge by 57% and 52%; respectively whereas use of corrected, gridded precipitation results in an underestimation of recharge and runoff by 10% and 64%; respectively. Recalibration of the SMBM using gridded precipitation data requires a 3% reduction in potential evapotranspiration, a 12% increase in the runoff-coefficient, and an 18% reduction in the rainfall threshold. These values are inconsistent with local, point-based observations of these parameters. Although current efforts seek to improve the distribution and duration of key hydrological measurements (e.g. soil-moisture, groundwater levels) in data-poor regions, the parameterisation of gridded hydrological models remains largely empirical due to the discrepancy between gridded and locally observed hydrological parameters. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Africa; Distribution; Groundwater; Precipitation; Recharge	Calibration; Catchments; Climate change; Earth sciences; Groundwater; Hydraulic models; Hydrogeology; Hydrology; Moisture; Rain; Runoff; Soil moisture; Soils; Underground reservoirs; Water; Africa; Catchment hydrology; Distribution; Equatorial Africa; Fresh water resources; General circulation models; Gridded precipitation; Groundwater recharging; Heavy precipitation; Humid tropics; Hydrological modelling; Precipitation; Quantitative analysis; Rainfall distributions; Recharge; Regional climate modelling; Robust calibration; Spatial representations; Statistical downscaling; Geologic models; calibration; catchment; climate change; climate effect; climate modeling; climate prediction; evaporation; general circulation model; groundwater; hydrological modeling; interpolation; parameterization; precipitation (climatology); quantitative analysis; rainfall; recharge; runoff; soil moisture; spatial distribution; statistical analysis; uncertainty analysis; warming; Africa; East Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-69549092745	Trends in productivity of crops, fallow and rangelands in Southwest Niger: Impact of land use, management and variable rainfall	Hiernaux P., Ayantunde A., Kalilou A., Mougin E., Gérard B., Baup F., Grippa M., Djaby B.	2009	Journal of Hydrology	375	42371	10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.01.032	CESBIO, 18 Avenue E. Belin b.p.i. 2801, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France; ILRI, ICRISAT Research Station, B.P. 320, Samanko, Bamako, Mali; ILRI, ICRISAT Sahelian Centre, B.P. 12404, Niamey, Niger; IRD, B.P. 2528, Hippodrome 238 Rue, 234 Bamako, Mali; ILRI, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Environment Sciences and Management Dpt., Univ. of Liège, Arlon, Belgium	Hiernaux, P., CESBIO, 18 Avenue E. Belin b.p.i. 2801, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France; Ayantunde, A., ILRI, ICRISAT Research Station, B.P. 320, Samanko, Bamako, Mali; Kalilou, A., ILRI, ICRISAT Sahelian Centre, B.P. 12404, Niamey, Niger; Mougin, E., CESBIO, 18 Avenue E. Belin b.p.i. 2801, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France, IRD, B.P. 2528, Hippodrome 238 Rue, 234 Bamako, Mali; Gérard, B., ILRI, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Baup, F., CESBIO, 18 Avenue E. Belin b.p.i. 2801, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France; Grippa, M., CESBIO, 18 Avenue E. Belin b.p.i. 2801, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France; Djaby, B., Environment Sciences and Management Dpt., Univ. of Liège, Arlon, Belgium	To document trends in land use and herbaceous production, 71 field sites sampled among cropped fields, fallow fields and rangelands in the Fakara region (Niger) were monitored from 1994 to 2006. The overall trend in land use confirmed the historical increase of the cropped areas since mid 20th century, at an annual rate of 2% from 1994 to 2006. This trend is the result of changes in the relative extent of fields permanently cropped and fields under shifting cultivation, and for the latter, the relative proportion of short (3 years) and long (10 years) duration fallows. Type of land use together with topography and soil type determine the herbaceous production and the resulting yield measured towards the end of the wet season. The variation in site yields between years is of the same order of magnitude as the variation in yields between sites within a year. There is an overall decreasing trend in site yields by 5% annually from 1994 to 2006 that is not explained by variations in rainfall. The decreasing trend is observed on fields under shifting cultivation, fallowed fields and rangelands, although not all sites are equally affected. Causes are likely to be multiple which might include changes in land use, decline of soil fertility and increased grazing pressure. Indeed, the remaining rangelands on marginal land and the fallows still accessible to livestock are subject to such a heavy grazing during the rainy season that the herbaceous standing mass measured at the end of the season reflects poorly the actual production. After the two first years of cropping, the herbaceous yield in fields under shifting cultivation with no fertilisation is negatively affected by the number of successive years of cropping. Moreover, clearing fallow after a decreasing number of years affects the mean herbaceous yield of fallowed fields by reducing the contribution of more productive old fallows. Changes in land use, grazing pressure and soil fertility also triggered changes in species composition with a strong reduction in diversity from rangelands to fallows, and again from fallows to cropland weeds. No correlations was found however between productivity and species composition. Cumulative rainfall does not explain between site or between year deviations in herbaceous yield even when sites are sorted by land use type or by soil type in the case of fallow and rangelands. Simulated production calculated with the STEP model does not explain herbaceous yields much better even when sites are grouped by land use and soil type. However, relative changes of herbaceous yields are reasonably predicted on sites that remained fallowed and were not heavily grazed for at least four consecutive years. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Fallows; Land use; Millet crops; Sahel; Vegetation dynamics; Vegetation growth modelling	Fallows; Millet crops; Sahel; Vegetation dynamics; Vegetation growth modelling; Crops; Fertilizers; Geologic models; Productivity; Rain; Soil surveys; Soils; Vegetation; Land use; crop production; crop yield; fallow; growth modeling; land management; land use; land use change; millet; rainfall; rangeland; shifting cultivation; soil fertility; topographic effect; vegetation dynamics; Africa; Fakara; Niger [West Africa]; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tillaberi; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855205602	Hydrological impacts of land use change in three diverse South African catchments	Warburton M.L., Schulze R.E., Jewitt G.P.W.	2012	Journal of Hydrology	None	None	10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.10.028	School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, PBag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Warburton, M.L., School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, PBag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Schulze, R.E., School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, PBag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Jewitt, G.P.W., School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, PBag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	In order to meet society's needs for water, food, fuel and fibre, the earth's natural land cover and land use have been significantly changed. These changes have impacted on the hydrological responses and thus available water resources, as the hydrological responses of a catchment are dependent upon, and sensitive to, changes in the land use. The degree of anthropogenic modification of the land cover, the intensity of the land use changes and location of land uses within a catchment determines the extent to which land uses influences hydrological response of a catchment.The objective of the study was to improve understanding of the complex interactions between hydrological response and land use to aid in water resources planning. To achieve this, a hydrological model, viz. the ACRU agrohydrological model, which adequately represents hydrological processes and is sensitive to land use changes, was used to generate hydrological responses from three diverse, complex and operational South African catchments under both current land use and a baseline land cover. The selected catchments vary with respect to both land use and climate. The semi-arid sub-tropical Luvuvhu catchment has a large proportion of subsistence agriculture and informal residential areas, whereas in the winter rainfall Upper Breede catchment the primary land uses are commercial orchards and vineyards. The sub-humid Mgeni catchment is dominated by commercial plantation forestry in the upper reaches, commercial sugarcane and urban areas in the middle reaches, with the lower reaches dominated by urban areas.The hydrological responses of the selected catchments to land use change were complex. Results showed that the contributions of different land uses to the streamflow generated from a catchment is not proportional to the relative area of that land use, and the relative contribution of the land use to the catchment streamflow varies with the mean annual rainfall of the catchment. Furthermore, it was shown that the location of specific land uses within a catchment has a role in the response of the streamflow of the catchment to that land use change. From the Mgeni catchment, the significant role of the water engineered system on catchment streamflow was evident. Hydrological models have drawbacks associated with them due to inherent uncertainties. However, in this study the ACRU model proved to be a useful tool to assess the impacts of land use change on the hydrological response as impacts from the local scale to catchment scale could be assessed as well as the progression of impacts of land use changes as the streamflow cascades downstream through the catchment. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	ACRU agrohydrological model; Baseline land cover; Hydrological response; Land use change	Annual rainfall; Anthropogenic modification; Available water; Baseline land cover; Catchment scale; Commercial plantation; Complex interaction; Engineered systems; Hydrological impacts; Hydrological models; Hydrological process; Hydrological response; Land cover; Land use change; Local scale; Relative contribution; Residential areas; Semi arid; Sub-humid; Subsistence agriculture; Urban areas; Water resources planning; Winter rainfall; Agriculture; Land use; Landforms; Rain; Runoff; Stream flow; Urban planning; Water resources; Catchments; agricultural land; anthropogenic effect; baseline conditions; catchment; hydrological modeling; hydrological response; land cover; land use change; orchard; plantation forestry; semiarid region; streamflow; subsistence; subtropical region; uncertainty analysis; vineyard; water availability; water planning; water resource; Breede River; KwaZulu-Natal; Luvuvhu Basin; Mgeni River; South Africa; Western Cape	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856804402	Modeling variable river flow velocity on continental scale: Current situation and climate change impacts in Europe	Verzano K., Bärlund I., Flörke M., Lehner B., Kynast E., Voß F., Alcamo J.	2012	Journal of Hydrology	None	None	10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.01.005	Center for Environmental Systems Research (CESR), University of Kassel, Kurt-Wolters-Str. 3, 34109 Kassel, Germany; Department of Geography, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 2K6, Canada; United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, Kenya	Verzano, K., Center for Environmental Systems Research (CESR), University of Kassel, Kurt-Wolters-Str. 3, 34109 Kassel, Germany; Bärlund, I., Center for Environmental Systems Research (CESR), University of Kassel, Kurt-Wolters-Str. 3, 34109 Kassel, Germany; Flörke, M., Center for Environmental Systems Research (CESR), University of Kassel, Kurt-Wolters-Str. 3, 34109 Kassel, Germany; Lehner, B., Department of Geography, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 2K6, Canada; Kynast, E., Center for Environmental Systems Research (CESR), University of Kassel, Kurt-Wolters-Str. 3, 34109 Kassel, Germany; Voß, F., Center for Environmental Systems Research (CESR), University of Kassel, Kurt-Wolters-Str. 3, 34109 Kassel, Germany; Alcamo, J., Center for Environmental Systems Research (CESR), University of Kassel, Kurt-Wolters-Str. 3, 34109 Kassel, Germany, United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, Kenya	This paper introduces an approach to route discharge with a variable river flow velocity based on the Manning-Strickler formula within large scale hydrological models. The approach has been developed for the global scale hydrological model WaterGAP and model results have been analyzed focusing on Europe. The goal was to find a method that is simple enough to derive the required parameters from globally available data while being sophisticated enough to deliver realistic flow velocity estimates for a large variety of environmental conditions. The river bed roughness (Manning's n) is approximated in a spatially explicit way based on topography, the location of urban population, and river sinuosity. The hydraulic radius is estimated from actual river discharge, and river bed slope is derived by combining a high resolution DEM, a 5. arc min drainage direction map, and river sinuosity. The modeled river flow velocity has been validated against data of US gauging stations. The representation of lateral transport has clearly been improved compared to the constant flow velocity applied in older model versions. The effect of incorporating variable flow velocities as compared to a constant flow velocity is largest on flood discharge, which generally increases in large rivers. The impact on monthly discharge hydrographs is marginal only. WaterGAP has been driven by three climate change projections for the 2050s to assess climate change impacts on flow velocity, and on the residence time of water in the European river system. Results indicate a decrease in residence times for Northern Europe and an increase for parts of the Mediterranean. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	Climate change; Manning's n; Manning-Strickler; Residence time; River flow velocity; WaterGAP	Climate change impact; Climate change projections; Constant flow; Continental scale; Current situation; Environmental conditions; Flood discharge; Gauging stations; Global scale; High-resolution DEM; Hydraulic radius; Hydrographs; Hydrological models; Large rivers; Large scale hydrological model; Lateral transport; Manning-Strickler; Model results; Residence time; River bed; River discharge; River systems; Spatially explicit; Urban population; Variable flow velocity; Velocity-based; WaterGAP; Climate change; Hydrology; Rivers; Stream flow; Flow velocity; bed roughness; climate change; environmental conditions; flow velocity; gauge; hydrograph; hydrological modeling; model validation; parameterization; residence time; river bed; river discharge; river flow; river system; Europe; Mediterranean Region	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870236203	Impact of conservation agriculture on catchment runoff and soil loss under changing climate conditions in May Zeg-zeg (Ethiopia)	Lanckriet S., Araya T., Cornelis W., Verfaillie E., Poesen J., Govaerts B., Bauer H., Deckers J., Haile M., Nyssen J.	2012	Journal of Hydrology	475	None	10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.10.011	Ghent University, Department of Geography, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; Mekelle University, Department of Crop and Horticultural Science, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Ghent University, Department of Soil Management, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; KULeuven, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), 06600 México, DF, Mexico; Mekelle University, Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle, Ethiopia	Lanckriet, S., Ghent University, Department of Geography, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; Araya, T., Mekelle University, Department of Crop and Horticultural Science, Mekelle, Ethiopia, Ghent University, Department of Soil Management, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; Cornelis, W., Ghent University, Department of Soil Management, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; Verfaillie, E., Ghent University, Department of Geography, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; Poesen, J., KULeuven, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Govaerts, B., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), 06600 México, DF, Mexico; Bauer, H., KULeuven, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Deckers, J., KULeuven, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Haile, M., Mekelle University, Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Nyssen, J., Ghent University, Department of Geography, B-9000 Gent, Belgium	This study evaluates the practice of conservation agriculture (CA) in the May Zeg-zeg catchment (MZZ; 187ha) in the North Ethiopian Highlands as a soil management technique for reducing soil loss and runoff, and assesses the consequences of future large-scale implementation on soil and hydrology at catchment-level. The study of such practice is important especially under conditions of climate change, since EdGCM (Educational Global Climate Model) simulation predicts by 2040 an increase in precipitation by more than 100mmyr-1 in the study area. Firstly, field-saturated infiltration rates, together with soil texture and soil organic carbon contents, were measured. The relation with local topography allows to generate a pedotransfer function for field-saturated infiltration rate, and spatial interpolation with Linear Regression Mapping was used to map field-saturated infiltration rates optimally within the catchment. Secondly, on several farmlands, CA was checked against plain tillage (PT) for values of field-saturated infiltration rates, soil organic carbon, runoff and soil loss. Results show no significant differences for infiltration rates but significant differences for runoff and soil loss (as measured in the period 2005-2011). Runoff coefficients were 30.4% for PT and 18.8% for CA; soil losses were 35.4tha-1yr-1 for PT and 14.4tha-1yr-1 for CA. Thirdly, all collected information was used to predict future catchment hydrological response for full-implementation of CA under the predicted wetter climate (simulation with EdGCM). Curve Numbers for farmlands with CA were calculated. An area-weighted Curve Number allows the simulation of the 2011 rainy season runoff, predicting a total runoff depth of 23.5mm under CA and 27.9mm under PT. Furthermore, the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation management factor P was calibrated for CA. Results also show the important influence of increased surface roughness on water ponding, modeled with a hydrologic conservation balance. By coupling this model with the infiltration rate map, a 'ponding map' of the catchment was established. Finally, a sediment budget for a full future implementation scenario of CA has been estimated, predicting a large impact of CA on sheet and rill erosion rates, since total soil loss due to sheet and rill erosion in cropland would become 581tyr-1 instead of 1109tyr-1, if CA would be practiced in MZZ. Simulation of several policy scenarios shows that especially under a future wetter North-East-African climate, CA would be a beneficial alternative for the current plain tillage, as it will increase infiltration and keep runoff coefficients under control. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	Curve Number; Infiltration; Organic carbon; Permanent bed; Ponding; Water conservation	Changing climate; Conservation agricultures; Curve numbers; Ethiopia; Global climate model; Hydrological response; Infiltration rate; Local topography; Pedotransfer functions; Permanent bed; Policy scenario; Rainy seasons; Regression mapping; Revised universal soil loss equations; Rill erosion; Runoff coefficients; Runoff depth; Sediment budgets; Soil loss; Soil management; Soil organic carbon; Soil organic carbon content; Soil textures; Spatial interpolation; Study areas; Water ponding; Agricultural machinery; Agronomy; Catchments; Climate change; Erosion; Farms; Forecasting; Infiltration; Organic carbon; Ponding; Sediment transport; Soil conservation; Soils; Surface roughness; Water conservation; Agricultural runoff; catchment; climate change; climate modeling; conservation tillage; hydrological response; infiltration; interrill erosion; organic carbon; pedotransfer function; pond; runoff; sediment budget; sheet erosion; soil carbon; soil management; soil texture; spatial analysis; topography; Universal Soil Loss Equation; water storage; Ethiopia; Ethiopian Highlands	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898994241	Incorporating the effects of increased atmospheric CO2 in watershed model projections of climate change impacts	Butcher J.B., Johnson T.E., Nover D., Sarkar S.	2014	Journal of Hydrology	513	None	10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.03.073	Tetra Tech, Inc., PO Box 14409, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC, United States; U.S. Agency for International Development, West African Regional Office, Accra, Ghana	Butcher, J.B., Tetra Tech, Inc., PO Box 14409, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States; Johnson, T.E., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC, United States; Nover, D., U.S. Agency for International Development, West African Regional Office, Accra, Ghana; Sarkar, S., Tetra Tech, Inc., PO Box 14409, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States	Simulation models such as the Hydrologic Simulation Program - FORTRAN (HSPF) and Soil-Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) are frequently used to project the responses of watershed processes to climate change, but do not always represent the effects of changes in atmospheric CO2 concentrations on plant growth. Projected increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations may decrease the need for plants to maintain stomatal conductance to achieve sufficient CO2 inputs, thereby also reducing the transpiration of water with potentially important effects on watershed water balance. We first compare the SWAT model, which provides an option to explicitly represent the effects of increased CO2 to implementations of the SWAT model without this option and to the HSPF model, which does not include a representation of CO2 response. Both models are capable of representing watershed responses to current climatic conditions. For analysis of response to future conditions, the SWAT model with integrated plant growth response to increased CO2 predicts an increase in streamflows relative to models without the CO2 response, consistent with previous research. We then develop methods to incorporate CO2 impacts on evapotranspiration into a physically based modeling framework, such as HSPF, that does not explicitly model plant growth. With these modifications, HSPF also projects an increase in future runoff relative to simulations without accounting for the CO2 effect, although smaller than the increase predicted by SWAT with identical assumptions for stomatal conductance. The results suggest that, while the effect of reduced plant transpiration due to increased atmospheric CO2 is important, it is likely to be over-estimated by both the current formulation of the SWAT model and modified versions that reduce the stomatal conductance response for woody plants. A general approach to modifying watershed models to simulate response of plant transpiration to increased atmospheric CO2 under climate change is also proposed. © 2014 The Authors.	Climate change; Evapotranspiration; HSPF; Stomatal conductance; SWAT	Climate change; Computer simulation; Evapotranspiration; Transpiration; Watersheds; Climate change impact; Climatic conditions; HSPF; Hydrologic simulations; Physically based modeling; Plant transpiration; Stomatal conductance; SWAT; Carbon dioxide; atmospheric gas; carbon dioxide; climate change; concentration (composition); evapotranspiration; growth response; numerical model; stomatal conductance; streamflow; transpiration; watershed	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84945496344	Multi-model approach to assess the impact of climate change on runoff	Dams J., Nossent J., Senbeta T.B., Willems P., Batelaan O.	2015	Journal of Hydrology	529	None	10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.08.023	Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, Brussel, Belgium; VITO, Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Unit Environmental Modelling, Team Land and Water Management, Boeretang 200, Mol, Belgium; Flanders Hydraulics Research, Berchemlei 115, Antwerp, Belgium; Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Department of Civil Engineering, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Hydraulics Division, Kasteelpark Arenberg 40, Leuven, Belgium; Flinders University, School of the Environment, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, Australia	Dams, J., Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, Brussel, Belgium, VITO, Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Unit Environmental Modelling, Team Land and Water Management, Boeretang 200, Mol, Belgium; Nossent, J., Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, Brussel, Belgium, Flanders Hydraulics Research, Berchemlei 115, Antwerp, Belgium; Senbeta, T.B., Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, Brussel, Belgium, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Department of Civil Engineering, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Willems, P., Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, Brussel, Belgium, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Hydraulics Division, Kasteelpark Arenberg 40, Leuven, Belgium; Batelaan, O., Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, Brussel, Belgium, Flinders University, School of the Environment, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, Australia	The assessment of climate change impacts on hydrology is subject to uncertainties related to the climate change scenarios, stochastic uncertainties of the hydrological model and structural uncertainties of the hydrological model. This paper focuses on the contribution of structural uncertainty of hydrological models to the overall uncertainty of the climate change impact assessment. To quantify the structural uncertainty of hydrological models, four physically based hydrological models (SWAT, PRMS and a semi- and fully distributed version of the WetSpa model) are set up for a catchment in Belgium. Each model is calibrated using four different objective functions. Three climate change scenarios with a high, mean and low hydrological impact are statistically perturbed from a large ensemble of climate change scenarios and are used to force the hydrological models. This methodology allows assessing and comparing the uncertainty introduced by the climate change scenarios with the uncertainty introduced by the hydrological model structure. Results show that the hydrological model structure introduces a large uncertainty on both the average monthly discharge and the extreme peak and low flow predictions under the climate change scenarios. For the low impact climate change scenario, the uncertainty range of the mean monthly runoff is comparable to the range of these runoff values in the reference period. However, for the mean and high impact scenarios, this range is significantly larger. The uncertainty introduced by the climate change scenarios is larger than the uncertainty due to the hydrological model structure for the low and mean hydrological impact scenarios, but the reverse is true for the high impact climate change scenario. The mean and high impact scenarios project increasing peak discharges, while the low impact scenario projects increasing peak discharges only for peak events with return periods larger than 1.6. years. All models suggest for all scenarios a decrease of the lowest flows, except for the SWAT model with the mean hydrological impact climate change scenario.The results of this study indicate that besides the uncertainty introduced by the climate change scenarios also the hydrological model structure uncertainty should be taken into account in the assessment of climate change impacts on hydrology. To make it more straightforward and transparent to include model structural uncertainty in hydrological impact studies, there is a need for hydrological modelling tools that allow flexible structures and methods to validate model structures in their ability to assess impacts under unobserved future climatic conditions. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Climate change; Extremes; Hydrological uncertainty; Model errors; Multi-model predictions; Rainfall-runoff modelling	Catchments; Climate models; Flexible structures; Forecasting; Hydrology; Model structures; Runoff; Stochastic models; Stochastic systems; Uncertainty analysis; Extremes; Hydrological uncertainty; Model errors; Multi model; Rainfall - Runoff modelling; Climate change; catchment; climate change; climate conditions; environmental impact assessment; hydrological modeling; model validation; peak discharge; peak flow; prediction; rainfall-runoff modeling; runoff; uncertainty analysis; water flow; Belgium	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907878119	Synthesis, characterization of Fe3O4@glycine doped polypyrrole magnetic nanocomposites and their potential performance to remove toxic Cr(VI)	Ballav N., Choi H.J., Mishra S.B., Maity A.	2014	Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry	20	6	10.1016/j.jiec.2014.01.007	Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea; Smart Polymers Group, Polymers and Composites (P andC), Materials Science and Manufacturing (MSM), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Civil and Chemical Engineering, University of South Africa (UNISA), South Africa	Ballav, N., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, South Africa; Choi, H.J., Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea; Mishra, S.B., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, South Africa; Maity, A., Smart Polymers Group, Polymers and Composites (P andC), Materials Science and Manufacturing (MSM), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Civil and Chemical Engineering, University of South Africa (UNISA), South Africa	Fe3O4 coated glycine doped polypyrrole magnetic nanocomposite (Fe3O4@gly-PPy NC) was prepared via coating of suspended Fe3O4 nanoparticles with gly-PPy. FE-SEM and HR-TEM images indicated that Fe3O4 nanoparticles were encapsulated by precipitating gly-PPy moieties. Chromium(VI) adsorption followed a Langmuir isotherm with maximum capacity of 238-303mg/g for a temperature range of 25-45°C at pH 2. The adsorption process was governed by the ionic interaction and the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by the PPy moiety. Results showed that NCs are effective adsorbents for the removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater and can be separated by external magnetic field from the reactor. © 2014 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry.	Adsorption; Glycine; Hexavalent chromium; Magnetic nanocomposite; Polypyrrole	Amino acids; Polypyrroles; Hexavalent chromium; Magnetic nanocomposites; Adsorption	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952311578	Impact of blood processing variations on natural killer cell frequency, activation, chemokine receptor expression and function	Naranbhai V., Bartman P., Ndlovu D., Ramkalawon P., Ndung'u T., Wilson D., Altfeld M., Carr W.H.	2011	Journal of Immunological Methods	366	42371	10.1016/j.jim.2011.01.001	HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa; Center for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa; Edendale Regional Hospital, Edendale, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard University, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States	Naranbhai, V., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa, Center for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa; Bartman, P., Edendale Regional Hospital, Edendale, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Ndlovu, D., Edendale Regional Hospital, Edendale, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Ramkalawon, P., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa; Ndung'u, T., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa; Wilson, D., Edendale Regional Hospital, Edendale, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Altfeld, M., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa, Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard University, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States; Carr, W.H., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa, Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard University, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States	Understanding the role of natural killer (NK) cells in human disease pathogenesis is crucial and necessitates study of patient samples directly ex vivo. Manipulation of whole blood by density gradient centrifugation or delays in sample processing due to shipping, however, may lead to artifactual changes in immune response measures. Here, we assessed the impact of density gradient centrifugation and delayed processing of both whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) at multiple timepoints (2-24. h) on flow cytometric measures of NK cell frequency, activation status, chemokine receptor expression, and effector functions. We found that density gradient centrifugation activated the NK cells and modified the chemokine receptor expression. Delays in processing beyond 8. h activated NK cells in PBMC but not in whole blood. Likewise, processing delays decreased chemokine receptor (CCR4 and CCR7) expression in both PBMC and whole blood. Finally, delays in processing PBMC were associated with a decreased ability of NK cells to degranulate (as measured by CD107a expression) or secrete cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF-α). In summary, our findings suggest that density gradient centrifugation and delayed processing of PBMC can alter measures of clinically relevant NK cell characteristics including effector functions; and therefore should be taken into account in designing clinical research studies. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	Activation; Chemokine receptor; Flow cytometry; Natural killer cells; PBMC; Whole blood	chemokine receptor CCR4; chemokine receptor CCR7; gamma interferon; lysosome associated membrane protein 1; tumor necrosis factor alpha; adult; article; blood; blood sampling; cell activation; density gradient centrifugation; female; flow cytometry; human; immune response; innate immunity; natural killer cell; normal human; pathogenesis; peripheral blood mononuclear cell; priority journal; vein puncture; Adult; Blood Specimen Collection; Cell Degranulation; Cell Separation; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Female; Flow Cytometry; Humans; Killer Cells, Natural; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Lymphocyte Activation; Phlebotomy; Receptors, Chemokine; Time Factors; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859422964	Decentralised CD38 activation monitoring: Aspects of practical implementation and standardisation	Moodley K., Coetzee L.M., Glencross D.K.	2012	Journal of Immunological Methods	378	42371	10.1016/j.jim.2012.02.013	Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa	Moodley, K., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Coetzee, L.M., National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Glencross, D.K., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa	Background: In light of the HIV pandemic, significant strides have been made in improving treatment options for patients. Technologies to monitor the progress of a patient on such treatment have therefore also been scaled up. Immune activation as measured by CD38 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) on CD8 T cells has been successfully shown in a clinical trial to predict response to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and reported as a cost effective real time test to supplement more costly VL testing. In this study we report transfer of this technology from the research into the routine environment. Methods: This study was conducted in 2 parts: Firstly, fresh random samples (n = 75) were tested at four time intervals (0, 24, 36 and 48. h) post-venesection to review reproducibility of CD38 MFI expression. Secondly, the CD38 MFI assay was introduced into a pilot regional testing facility and random samples (n = 40) were validated against values obtained on matched samples tested at the reference laboratory. Results: The CD38 assay showed acceptable accuracy and reproducibility up to 36. h (98% similarity) after venesection with some reduction in CD38 MFI to 94% at 48. h (bias < 0.2MFI, %CV < 5).Implementation at the secondary testing site was successful with 98% similarity (% SIM CV < 5%) compared to the reference laboratory. Conclusion: The assay proved stable over time and could be tested until 48. h after venesection with no loss of CD38 MFI. Off-site implementation also proved successful, as such, the CD38 assay offers a reliable real time supplementary test to long-term VL monitoring of HIV infected patients on the national ART programme. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	CD38 activation; Flow cytometry; Implementation	CD38 antigen; accuracy; antigen expression; article; CD8+ T lymphocyte; comparative study; controlled study; human; human cell; phlebotomy; postoperative period; priority journal; reproducibility; scale up; standardization; T lymphocyte activation; validation process; Antigens, CD38; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Fluorescence; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Pilot Projects; Reference Standards; Reproducibility of Results	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865605474	Development and evaluation of a multiplex screening assay for Plasmodium falciparum exposure	Jepsen M.P.G., Röser D., Christiansen M., Larsen S.O., Cavanagh D.R., Dhanasarnsombut K., Bygbjerg I., Dodoo D., Remarque E.J., Dziegiel M., Jepsen S., Mordmüller B., Theisen M.	2012	Journal of Immunological Methods	384	42371	10.1016/j.jim.2012.07.009	Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Microbiological Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Noguchi Memorial Institution for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands; Blood bank, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany	Jepsen, M.P.G., Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark, Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Röser, D., Department of Microbiological Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Christiansen, M., Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Larsen, S.O., Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Cavanagh, D.R., Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Dhanasarnsombut, K., Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Bygbjerg, I., Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Dodoo, D., Noguchi Memorial Institution for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Remarque, E.J., Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands; Dziegiel, M., Blood bank, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jepsen, S., Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Mordmüller, B., Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Theisen, M., Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark, Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark	Transfusion transmitted malaria (TTM) in non-endemic countries is reduced by questioning blood donors and screening of donated blood. Conventional screening is performed by Indirect Fluorescence Antibody Test (IFAT). This method is manual and difficult to standardize. Here we study the diagnostic performance of a multiplex assay for detection of antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum in donor blood using IFAT as a comparator. A multiplex assay (MPA) containing the antigens GLURP-R0, GLURP-R2, MSP3, MSP1 hybrid and AMA1 was constructed using xMAPR technology. A discrimination index for exposure to P. falciparum malaria was calculated by comparing travelers with clinical malaria (n = 52) and non-exposed blood donors (n = 119). The index was evaluated on blood donors with suspected malaria exposure (n = 249) and compared to the diagnostic performance of IFAT.At a specificity of 95.8 %, the MPA discrimination index exhibited a diagnostic sensitivity of 90.4 % in travelers hospitalized with malaria. Percent agreement with IFAT was 92.3 %. Screening plasma from blood donors with suspected malaria exposure, we found 4.8 % to be positive by IFAT and 5.2 % by MPA with an agreement of 93.2 %. The calculated index from the MPA exhibits similar diagnostic performance as IFAT for detection of P. falciparum malaria. Combining the antibody response against multiple antigens in a discrimination index increased the sensitivity of the MPA and reduced the readout to a single value. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	Antibody; Diagnostic; GLURP; Malaria; MSP3; Multiplex assay	antibody; Plasmodium falciparum antibody; unclassified drug; adolescent; antibody titer; article; blood donor; child; cross reaction; diagnostic test accuracy study; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; human; immunoassay; immunological procedures; indirect fluorescence antibody test; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; malaria falciparum; multiplex assay; Plasmodium falciparum; priority journal; screening; Antigens, Protozoan; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; Humans; Malaria, Falciparum; Mass Screening; Merozoite Surface Protein 1; Plasmodium falciparum; Protozoan Proteins; Reproducibility of Results; ROC Curve; Travel; Plasmodium falciparum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34447286653	Bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia: Impact of HIV on clinical presentation and outcome	Feldman C., Klugman K.P., Yu V.L., Ortqvist A., Choiu C.C.C., Chedid M.B.F., Rello J., Wagener M.	2007	Journal of Infection	55	2	10.1016/j.jinf.2007.04.001	Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Johannesburg Hospital, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Medical Research Council, Johannesburg, South Africa; Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Fundacao Faculdade Federal de Ciencias Medicas and Santa Casa de Misericordia, de Porto Alegre, Brazil; University Hospital Joan XXIII, University Rovira and Virgili, Tarragona, Spain	Feldman, C., Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Johannesburg Hospital, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Klugman, K.P., Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States, Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Medical Research Council, Johannesburg, South Africa; Yu, V.L., Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Ortqvist, A., Department of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Choiu, C.C.C., Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Chedid, M.B.F., Fundacao Faculdade Federal de Ciencias Medicas and Santa Casa de Misericordia, de Porto Alegre, Brazil; Rello, J., University Hospital Joan XXIII, University Rovira and Virgili, Tarragona, Spain; Wagener, M., Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States	Objectives: The objectives of this study were to investigate the clinical and laboratory features, hospital course and outcome of patients with bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia, comparing HIV with non-HIV patients, as well as HIV patients from different parts of the world. Methods: This was a multicentre prospective observational study of consecutive adult cases with bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia in 10 countries on 6 continents. Results: A total of 768 cases were recruited, of which 200 were HIV-infected; 166 were from South Africa. Lower age, IV drug use, fewer co-morbid illnesses, and a higher frequency of respiratory symptoms were significantly more likely to occur in HIV patients. The 14-day mortality for the group as a whole was 14.5%, being 16% in the HIV patients and 13.9% in the non-HIV patients (not significant). When adjustments were made for age and severity of illness, HIV patients had significantly higher 14-day mortality with significant trend for increasing 14-day mortality in those with lower CD4 counts. Despite differences in various clinical and laboratory parameters in patients from different parts of the world, on multivariate analysis, when adjusting for regional differences, the HIV-infected patients were still noted to have poorer 14-day mortality. Conclusions: This study, in contrast to previous investigations, indicates that there are significant differences in the clinical presentation and outcome of bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia when comparing HIV and non-HIV patients. © 2007 The British Infection Society.	Bacteraemia; Community-acquired pneumonia; Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); Mortality; Outcome; Pneumococcus; Pneumonia	antibiotic agent; azithromycin; beta lactam antibiotic; cefotaxime; ceftriaxone; cefuroxime; cephalosporin derivative; clindamycin; corticosteroid; cotrimoxazole; insulin; macrolide; adult; age; aged; article; bacteremia; CD4 lymphocyte count; clinical feature; community acquired pneumonia; comorbidity; controlled study; disease course; disease severity; female; geographic distribution; hospitalization; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immune deficiency; intravenous drug abuse; leukocyte count; lobar pneumonia; major clinical study; male; mortality; multivariate analysis; nonhuman; observational study; opportunistic infection; prognosis; prospective study; South Africa; Adult; Community-Acquired Infections; Female; HIV Infections; Hospitalization; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal; Prospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-39649119854	Impact of cotrimoxazole on non-susceptibility to antibiotics in Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage isolates among HIV-infected mineworkers in South Africa	Pemba L., Charalambous S., von Gottberg A., Magadla B., Moloi V., Seabi O., Wasas A., Klugman K.P., Chaisson R.E., Fielding K., Churchyard G.J., Grant A.D.	2008	Journal of Infection	56	3	10.1016/j.jinf.2007.12.003	Aurum Institute for Health Research, P. O. Box 61587, Marshalltown, 2107, South Africa; Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Medical Research Council, De Korte Street, Braamfontein, 2001, South Africa; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Division of Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Johns Hopkins University, 1840E Monument Street, Room 401, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E7HT, United Kingdom	Pemba, L., Aurum Institute for Health Research, P. O. Box 61587, Marshalltown, 2107, South Africa; Charalambous, S., Aurum Institute for Health Research, P. O. Box 61587, Marshalltown, 2107, South Africa; von Gottberg, A., Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Medical Research Council, De Korte Street, Braamfontein, 2001, South Africa; Magadla, B., Aurum Institute for Health Research, P. O. Box 61587, Marshalltown, 2107, South Africa; Moloi, V., Aurum Institute for Health Research, P. O. Box 61587, Marshalltown, 2107, South Africa; Seabi, O., Aurum Institute for Health Research, P. O. Box 61587, Marshalltown, 2107, South Africa; Wasas, A., Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Medical Research Council, De Korte Street, Braamfontein, 2001, South Africa; Klugman, K.P., Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Medical Research Council, De Korte Street, Braamfontein, 2001, South Africa, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Division of Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Chaisson, R.E., Johns Hopkins University, 1840E Monument Street, Room 401, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Fielding, K., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E7HT, United Kingdom; Churchyard, G.J., Aurum Institute for Health Research, P. O. Box 61587, Marshalltown, 2107, South Africa; Grant, A.D., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E7HT, United Kingdom	Objectives: To investigate risk factors for pneumococcal carriage and non-susceptibility among HIV-infected mineworkers in South Africa. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, HIV clinic attendees were questioned about risk factors for pneumococcal carriage and antimicrobial non-susceptibility. Oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swabs were taken for pneumococcal culture, serotyping and susceptibility testing. Results: Among 856 participants (854 male, median age 41.5 years, median CD4 290 cells/mm3), 294 (34.3%) were receiving cotrimoxazole prophylaxis. Overall, 75/856 (8.8%) carried S. pneumoniae; among those taking vs. not taking cotrimoxazole, 8.2% vs. 9.1% were carriers. Risk factors for pneumococcal carriage were living with a child (adjusted OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.06-4.62) and recent hospitalisation (adjusted OR 1.80; 95% CI 0.98-3.30). Among participants not taking cotrimoxazole, the prevalence of carriage was higher in individuals with lower CD4 counts. Comparing participants taking cotrimoxazole vs. not, 60.9% vs. 22.4% (p = 0.001) isolates were non-susceptible to cotrimoxazole and 30.4% vs. 8.2% were non-susceptible to penicillin (p = 0.014). Thirty three/72 (45.8%) isolates were paediatric serotypes/groups. Nasopharyngeal compared with oropharyngeal swabs had higher sensitivity in detecting carriage (53/75, 70.7% vs. 31/75, 41.3%), and adding oropharyngeal sampling increased detection from 6.2% to 8.8%. Conclusions: Non-susceptibility to cotrimoxazole and penicillin was more common among isolates from participants taking cotrimoxazole prophylaxis. Surveillance for antimicrobial susceptibility is important where prophylaxis is used. Treatment for pneumococcal disease should take into account a higher risk of non-susceptibility to antibiotics amongst individuals taking cotrimoxazole prophylaxis. © 2007 The British Infection Society.	Antimicrobial resistance; HIV infection; Pneumococcal carriage; Sub-Saharan Africa	antibiotic agent; antiretrovirus agent; beta lactam antibiotic; cotrimoxazole; isoniazid; penicillin G; adult; aged; antibiotic prophylaxis; antibiotic sensitivity; article; bacterium carrier; bacterium culture; bacterium detection; bacterium isolate; CD4+ T lymphocyte; controlled study; female; hospitalization; human; human cell; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; male; miner; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; nose smear; risk factor; sensitivity and specificity; serotyping; South Africa; Streptococcus infection; Streptococcus pneumoniae; throat culture; tuberculosis; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carrier State; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cross-Sectional Studies; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Pharynx; Pneumococcal Infections; Risk Factors; Serotyping; South Africa; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878356234	The impact of human immunodeficiency virus on human papillomavirus transmission in heterosexually active couples	Mbulawa Z.Z.A., Johnson L.F., Marais D.J., Coetzee D., Williamson A.-L.	2013	Journal of Infection	67	1	10.1016/j.jinf.2013.03.009	Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Service, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Center for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Disease, National Health Laboratory Service, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa	Mbulawa, Z.Z.A., Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa, Center for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Disease, National Health Laboratory Service, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa; Johnson, L.F., Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Marais, D.J., Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Coetzee, D., Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Williamson, A.-L., Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa, National Health Laboratory Service, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa	Objectives: This study investigated HPV transmission and the factors influencing it in heterosexually active couples in South Africa. Methods: A total of 486 heterosexual couples were recruited at a health facility and returned at 6-monthly intervals. Cervical and penile HPV types were determined by Roche Linear Array HPV genotyping assay. HPV transmission was defined as the detection of a new HPV type in an individual whose partner was infected with the same type at the date of acquisition. Results: The female-to-male HPV transmission rate was 2.80/100 person-months (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.03-3.86) while the male-to-female HPV transmission rate was 1.17/100 person-months (95% CI: 0.82-1.67). HIV-positive women were found to be at higher risk of HPV infection transmitted from their male partners compared to HIV-negative women (RR (relative risk): 2.31, 95% CI: 1.08-4.92, P=0.03). HIV-positive men with CD4 counts <350/mL had a higher risk of HPV infection transmitted from their female partners compared to HIV-positive men with CD4 counts ≥350/mL (RR: 3.17, 95% CI: 1.05-9.55, P=0.04). Conclusions: HIV infection and low CD4 counts increase the rate of HPV acquisition from sexual partner. © 2013 The British Infection Association.	Human immunodeficiency virus; Human papillomavirus; Transmission	adult; age distribution; aged; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; controlled study; disease severity; female; genotype; health care facility; heterosexuality; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; male; papillomavirus infection; risk assessment; risk factor; sexual behavior; virus transmission; Wart virus; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cervix Uteri; Family Characteristics; Female; Genotype; Heterosexuality; HIV Infections; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Penis; Risk Factors; South Africa; Young Adult	None
None	None	Xpert MTB/RIF assay for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in children: A prospective, multi-centre evaluation	Reither K., Manyama C., Clowes P., Rachow A., Mapamba D., Steiner A., Ross A., Mfinanga E., Sasamalo M., Nsubuga M., Aloi F., Cirillo D., Jugheli L., Lwilla F.	2015	Journal of Infection	70	4	10.1016/j.jinf.2014.10.003	Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania; National Institute of Medical Research, Mbeya Medical Research Centre, Mbeya, Tanzania; Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of The University of Munich (LMU), Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Germany; St. Francis Hospital Nsambya, AISPO, Kampala, Uganda; Emerging Bacterial Pathogens, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy	Reither, K., Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania; Manyama, C., National Institute of Medical Research, Mbeya Medical Research Centre, Mbeya, Tanzania; Clowes, P., National Institute of Medical Research, Mbeya Medical Research Centre, Mbeya, Tanzania, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of The University of Munich (LMU), Germany; Rachow, A., Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of The University of Munich (LMU), Germany, German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Germany; Mapamba, D., National Institute of Medical Research, Mbeya Medical Research Centre, Mbeya, Tanzania; Steiner, A., Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Ross, A., Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Mfinanga, E., Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania; Sasamalo, M., Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania; Nsubuga, M., St. Francis Hospital Nsambya, AISPO, Kampala, Uganda; Aloi, F., St. Francis Hospital Nsambya, AISPO, Kampala, Uganda; Cirillo, D., Emerging Bacterial Pathogens, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy; Jugheli, L., Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania; Lwilla, F., Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania	Background: Following endorsement by the World Health Organisation, the Xpert MTB/RIF assay has been widely incorporated into algorithms for the diagnosis of adult tuberculosis (TB). However, data on its performance in children remain scarce. This prospective, multi-centre study evaluated the performance of Xpert MTB/RIF to diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis in children. Methods: Children older than eight weeks and younger than 16 years with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis were enrolled at three TB endemic settings in Tanzania and Uganda, and assigned to five well-defined case definition categories: culture-confirmed TB, highly probable TB, probable TB, not TB, or indeterminate. The diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF was assessed using culture-confirmed TB cases as reference standard. Results: In total, 451 children were enrolled. 37 (8%) had culture-confirmed TB, 48 (11%) highly probably TB and 62 probable TB (13%). The Xpert MTB/RIF assay had a sensitivity of 68% (95% CI, 50%-82%) and specificity of 100% (95% CI, 97%-100%); detecting 1.7 times more culture-confirmed cases than smear microscopy with a similar time to detection. Xpert MTB/RIF was positive in 2% (1/48) of highly probable and in 3% (2/62) of probable TB cases. Conclusions: Xpert MTB/RIF provided timely results with moderate sensitivity and excellent specificity compared to culture. Low yields in children with highly probable and probable TB remain problematic. © 2014 The British Infection Association.	Childhood tuberculosis; Diagnostics; Evaluation; Pulmonary tuberculosis; Xpert MTB/RIF	adolescent; Article; child; clinical trial; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test accuracy study; diagnostic value; female; follow up; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunoassay; infant; lung tuberculosis; major clinical study; male; multicenter study; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; newborn; predictive value; prospective study; sensitivity and specificity; standard; Tanzania; Uganda; Xpert MTB RIF assay; adult; algorithm; evaluation study; microbiology; microscopy; polymerase chain reaction; preschool child; procedures; sputum; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; world health organization; Adolescent; Adult; Algorithms; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Microscopy; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Prospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sputum; Tanzania; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Uganda; World Health Organization	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955664975	Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of gold(I) thiosemicarbazone complexes for antimalarial activity	Khanye S.D., Smith G.S., Lategan C., Smith P.J., Gut J., Rosenthal P.J., Chibale K.	2010	Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry	104	10	10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2010.06.005	Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Division of Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California at San Francisco, CA 94143, United States; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Khanye, S.D., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Smith, G.S., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Lategan, C., Division of Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Smith, P.J., Division of Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Gut, J., Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California at San Francisco, CA 94143, United States; Rosenthal, P.J., Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California at San Francisco, CA 94143, United States; Chibale, K., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	The reaction of thiosemicarbazones (TSCs) with [AuI(THT)Cl], THT=tetrahydrothiophene, has been investigated. The resulting gold(I) complexes have been characterized by a range of spectroscopic techniques: NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, microanalysis and infrared spectroscopy. The in vitro antimalarial data for gold(I) TSC complexes suggests that coordination of gold(I) to TSCs enhanced their efficacy against the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum and their inhibition of the parasite cysteine protease falcipain-2. © 2010 Elsevier Inc.	Falcipain-2; Gold(I) complexes; P. falciparum; Thiosemicarbazones	chloroquine; n [n (3 carboxyoxirane 2 carbonyl)leucyl]agmatine; tetrahydrothiophene derivative; antimalarial activity; article; in vitro study; infrared spectroscopy; mass spectrometry; microanalysis; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; synthesis; Antimalarials; Cysteine Endopeptidases; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gold; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Models, Chemical; Molecular Structure; Organometallic Compounds; Plasmodium falciparum; Protease Inhibitors; Thiosemicarbazones; Plasmodium falciparum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884937244	Imino-phosphine palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes: Synthesis, molecular structures and evaluation as antitumor agents	Motswainyana W.M., Onani M.O., Madiehe A.M., Saibu M., Thovhogi N., Lalancette R.A.	2013	Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry	129	None	10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.09.010	Chemistry Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Carl A. Olson Memorial Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, United States	Motswainyana, W.M., Chemistry Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Onani, M.O., Chemistry Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Madiehe, A.M., Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Saibu, M., Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Thovhogi, N., Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Lalancette, R.A., Carl A. Olson Memorial Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, United States	The imino-phosphine ligands L1 and L2 were prepared via condensation reaction of 2-(diphenylphosphino)benzaldehyde with substituted anilines and obtained in very good yields. An equimolar reaction of L1 and L2 with either PdCl2(cod) or PtCl2(cod) gave new palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes 1-4. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structures of 2, 3 and 4 were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. All the three molecular structures crystallized in monoclinic C2/c space system. The coordination geometry around the palladium and platinum atoms in respective structures exhibited distorted square planar geometry at the metal centers. The complexes were evaluated in vitro for their cytotoxic activity against human breast (MCF-7) and human colon (HT-29) cancer cells, and they exhibited growth inhibitory activities and selectivity that were superior to the standard compound cisplatin. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.	Antitumor; Imino-phosphine; Molecular structures; Palladium; Platinum; Synthesis	(2 diphenylphosphino benzylidene) 2 methylphenylen amine; (2 diphenylphosphino benzylidene) 2,6 dimethylphenylen amine; 2 (diphenylphosphino) benzaldehyde; aniline; antineoplastic agent; cisplatin; dichloro [(2 diphenylphosphino benzylidene) 2 methylphenylen amine] palladium; dichloro [(2 diphenylphosphino benzylidene) 2,6 dimethylphenylen amine] palladium; dichloro [(2 diphenylphosphino benzylidene) 2,6 dimethylphenylen amine] platinum; dichloro[(2 diphenylphosphino benzylidene) 2 methylphenylen amine] palladium; element; palladium; platinum; unclassified drug; analysis; article; breast cancer; cancer cell; cell strain MCF 7; chemical structure; colon cancer; drug synthesis; growth inhibition; human; human cell; in vitro study; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; polymerization; X ray crystallography; Antitumor; Imino-phosphine; Molecular structures; Palladium; Platinum; Synthesis; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Crystallography, X-Ray; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Humans; Molecular Structure; Neoplasms; Palladium; Phosphines; Platinum	National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-38149139296	Thermal tolerance in a south-east African population of the tsetse fly Glossina pallidipes (Diptera, Glossinidae): Implications for forecasting climate change impacts	Terblanche J.S., Clusella-Trullas S., Deere J.A., Chown S.L.	2008	Journal of Insect Physiology	54	1	10.1016/j.jinsphys.2007.08.007	Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Terblanche, J.S., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Clusella-Trullas, S., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Deere, J.A., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Chown, S.L., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	For tsetse (Glossina spp.), the vectors of human and animal trypanosomiases, the physiological mechanisms linking variation in population dynamics with changing weather conditions have not been well established. Here, we investigate high- and low-temperature tolerance in terms of activity limits and survival in a natural population of adult Glossina pallidipes from eastern Zambia. Due to increased interest in chilling flies for handling and aerial dispersal in sterile insect technique control and eradication programmes, we also provide further detailed investigation of low-temperature responses. In wild-caught G. pallidipes, the probability of survival for 50% of the population at low-temperatures was at 3.7, 8.9 and 9.6 °C (95% CIs: ±1.5 °C) for 1, 2 and 3 h treatments, respectively. At high temperatures, it was estimated that treatments at 37.9, 36.2 and 35.6 °C (95% CIs: ±0.5 °C) would yield 50% population survival for 1, 2 and 3 h, respectively. Significant effects of time and temperature were detected at both temperature extremes (GLZ, p<0.05 in all cases) although a time-temperature interaction was only detected at high temperatures (p<0.0001). We synthesized data from four other Kenyan populations and found that upper critical thermal limits showed little variation among populations and laboratory treatments (range: 43.9-45.0 °C; 0.25 °C/min heating rate), although reduction to more ecologically relevant heating rates (0.06 °C/min) reduce these values significantly from ∼44.4 to 40.6 °C, thereby providing a causal explanation for why tsetse distribution may be high-temperature limited. By contrast, low-temperature limits showed substantial variation among populations and acclimation treatments (range: 4.5-13.8 °C; 0.25 °C/min), indicating high levels of inter-population variability. Ecologically relevant cooling rates (0.06 °C/min) suggest tsetses are likely to experience chill coma temperatures under natural conditions (∼20-21 °C). The results from acute hardening experiments in the Zambian population demonstrate limited ability to improve low-temperature tolerance over short (hourly) timescales after non-lethal pre-treatments. In flies which survived chilling, recovery times were non-linear with plateaus between 2-6 and 8-12 °C. Survival times ranged between 4 and 36 h and did not vary between flies which had undergone chill coma by comparison with flies which had not, even after factoring body condition into the analyses (p>0.5 in all cases). However, flies with low chill coma values had the highest body water and fat content, indicating that when energy reserves are depleted, low-temperature tolerance may be compromised. Overall, these results suggest that physiological mechanisms may provide insight into tsetse population dynamics, hence distribution and abundance, and support a general prediction for reduced geographic distribution under future climate warming scenarios. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Climate change; Cold tolerance; Fitness costs; Geographic distribution; Insect vector; Phenotypic plasticity; Seasonal variation; Trade-offs	climate change; fly; geographical distribution; phenotypic plasticity; population dynamics; population structure; seasonal variation; acclimatization; analysis of variance; animal; article; climate; comparative study; geography; greenhouse effect; Kenya; motor activity; physiology; population dynamics; survival; temperature; tsetse fly; Zambia; Acclimatization; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Climate; Geography; Greenhouse Effect; Kenya; Motor Activity; Population Dynamics; Survival Analysis; Temperature; Tsetse Flies; Zambia; Africa; East Africa; Kenya; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Zambia; Animalia; Diptera; Glossina (genus); Glossina pallidipes; Glossinidae; Hexapoda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954865417	Effects of acclimation temperature on thermal tolerance, locomotion performance and respiratory metabolism in Acheta domesticus L. (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)	Lachenicht M.W., Clusella-Trullas S., Boardman L., Le Roux C., Terblanche J.S.	2010	Journal of Insect Physiology	56	7	10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.02.010	Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Lachenicht, M.W., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Clusella-Trullas, S., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Boardman, L., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Le Roux, C., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Terblanche, J.S., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	The effects of acclimation temperature on insect thermal performance curves are generally poorly understood but significant for understanding responses to future climate variation and the evolution of these reaction norms. Here, in Acheta domesticus, we examine the physiological effects of 7-9 days acclimation to temperatures 4°C above and below optimum growth temperature of 29°C (i.e. 25, 29, 33°C) for traits of resistance to thermal extremes, temperature-dependence of locomotion performance (jumping distance and running speed) and temperature-dependence of respiratory metabolism. We also examine the effects of acclimation on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) enzyme activity. Chill coma recovery time (CRRT) was significantly reduced from 38 to 13min with acclimation at 33-25°C, respectively. Heat knockdown resistance was less responsive than CCRT to acclimation, with no significant effects of acclimation detected for heat knockdown times (25°C: 18.25, 29°C: 18.07, 33°C: 25.5min). Thermal optima for running speed were higher (39.4-40.6°C) than those for jumping performance (25.6-30.9°C). Acclimation temperature affected jumping distance but not running speed (general linear model, p=0.0075) although maximum performance (UMAX) and optimum temperature (TOPT) of the performance curves showed small or insignificant effects of acclimation temperature. However, these effects were sensitive to the method of analysis since analyses of TOPT, UMAX and the temperature breadth (TBR) derived from non-linear curve-fitting approaches produced high inter-individual variation within acclimation groups and reduced variation between acclimation groups. Standard metabolic rate (SMR) was positively related to body mass and test temperature. Acclimation temperature significantly influenced the slope of the SMR-temperature reaction norms, whereas no variation in the intercept was found. The CCO enzyme activity remained unaffected by thermal acclimation. Finally, high temperature acclimation resulted in significant increases in mortality (60-70% at 33°C vs. 20-30% at 25 and 29°C). These results suggest that although A. domesticus may be able to cope with low temperature extremes to some degree through phenotypic plasticity, population declines with warmer mean temperatures of only a few degrees are likely owing to the limited plasticity of their performance curves. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.	Acclimation; Chill coma; Climate change; Critical thermal tolerance; Heat knockdown; House cricket; Performance curves; Respiratory metabolism; Survival	acclimation; adaptation; body mass; climate variation; cricket; enzyme activity; locomotion; metabolism; phenotypic plasticity; physiological response; population decline; reaction norm; respiration; survival; temperature effect; temperature tolerance; acclimatization; animal; animal behavior; article; energy metabolism; Gryllidae; locomotion; physiology; temperature; Acclimatization; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Energy Metabolism; Gryllidae; Locomotion; Temperature; Acheta domesticus; Gryllidae; Hexapoda; Orthoptera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84906684265	Evaluation of the synergistic activities of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry proteins against Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)	Li H., Bouwer G.	2014	Journal of Invertebrate Pathology	121	None	10.1016/j.jip.2014.06.005	School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa	Li, H., School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa; Bouwer, G., School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa	With the aim of identifying Cry proteins that would be useful in the management of the economically important lepidopteran pest Helicoverpa armigera, the larvicidal activities of binary combinations (1:1 ratios) of six Cry proteins (Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Ca, Cry2Aa and Cry9Aa) were evaluated against H. armigera neonate larvae using droplet feeding bioassays. Determination of the LD50 values of individual Cry proteins and mixtures of Cry proteins enabled assessment of the nature of the interactions between Cry proteins in H. armigera. There was a more than 6000-fold difference between the LD50 values of the Cry protein mixture with the lowest larvicidal activity and the mixture with the highest larvicidal activity. Cry1Ac and Cry2Aa mixtures and Cry1Ac and Cry1Ca mixtures had the highest larvicidal activity against H. armigera, with Cry1Ac and Cry1Ca interacting synergistically. Differences in the magnitudes of the antagonistic interactions observed for different binary mixtures of Cry1A-class proteins are consistent with a model of more than one binding site for some Cry1A-class proteins in H. armigera. Binary combinations of Cry1A-class and Cry9Aa proteins showed additive interactions in neonate larvae of H. armigera, whereas combinations of Cry1Ca and Cry9Aa were statistically synergistic. The results suggest that products containing mixtures of Cry1Ac and Cry2Aa or Cry1Ac and Cry1Ca may be useful components of H. armigera pest management programs. © 2014 Elsevier Inc.	Bacillus thuringiensis; Cry proteins; Helicoverpa armigera; Interaction; Larvicidal activity; Synergism	bacterial protein; crystal protein, Bacillus subtilis; animal; biological pest control; chemistry; drug effects; drug potentiation; larva; LD50; moth; Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Drug Synergism; Larva; Lethal Dose 50; Moths; Pest Control, Biological	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054720467	Global assessment of the fishing impacts on the Southern Benguela ecosystem using an EcoTroph modelling approach	Gasche L., Gascuel D., Shannon L., Shin Y.-J.	2012	Journal of Marine Systems	90	1	10.1016/j.jmarsys.2011.07.012	Université Européenne de Bretagne, UMR Agrocampus Ouest/INRA Ecologie et Santé des Ecosystèmes, 65 rue de Saint-Brieuc, CS 84215, 35042 Rennes cedex, France; Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Zoology Department, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa; IRD, UMR 212 Ecosystèmes Marins Exploités, University of Cape Town, Zoology Department, Private Bag X3, Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Gasche, L., Université Européenne de Bretagne, UMR Agrocampus Ouest/INRA Ecologie et Santé des Ecosystèmes, 65 rue de Saint-Brieuc, CS 84215, 35042 Rennes cedex, France; Gascuel, D., Université Européenne de Bretagne, UMR Agrocampus Ouest/INRA Ecologie et Santé des Ecosystèmes, 65 rue de Saint-Brieuc, CS 84215, 35042 Rennes cedex, France; Shannon, L., Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Zoology Department, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa; Shin, Y.-J., IRD, UMR 212 Ecosystèmes Marins Exploités, University of Cape Town, Zoology Department, Private Bag X3, Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	'We show that the EcoTroph model based on trophic spectra is an efficient tool to build ecosystem diagnoses of the impact of fishing. Using the Southern Benguela case study as a pretext, we present the first thorough application of the model to a real ecosystem. We thus review the structure and functioning of EcoTroph and we introduce the user to the steps that should be followed, showing the various possibilities of the model while underlining the most critical points of the modelling process. We show that EcoTroph provides an overview of the current exploitation level and target factors at the ecosystem scale, using two distinct trophic spectra to quantify the fishing targets and the fishing impact per trophic level. Then, we simulate changes in the fishing mortality, facilitating differential responses of two groups of species within the Southern Benguela ecosystem to be distinguished. More generally, we highlight various trends in a number of indicators of the ecosystem's state when increasing fishing mortality and we show that this ecosystem is moderately exploited, although predatory species are at their MSY. Finally, trophic spectra of the fishing effort multipliers EMSY and E0.1 are proposed as tools for monitoring the ecosystem effects of fishing. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	Ecosystem indicators; EcoTroph; Fishing impact; Overfishing; Southern Benguela; Trophic modelling	Ecosystem indicators; EcoTroph; Fishing impact; Overfishing; Southern Benguela; Trophic modelling; Fisheries; Ecosystems; assessment method; environmental monitoring; exploitation; fishing effort; fishing mortality; numerical model; predator; spectral analysis; trophic level; Atlantic Ocean; Benguela Current	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930181436	Impact of increased grid resolution on global marine biogeochemistry	McKiver W.J., Vichi M., Lovato T., Storto A., Masina S.	2015	Journal of Marine Systems	147	None	10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.10.003	Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Bologna, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Bologna, Italy; Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, South Africa	McKiver, W.J., Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Bologna, Italy; Vichi, M., Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Bologna, Italy, Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Lovato, T., Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Bologna, Italy; Storto, A., Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Bologna, Italy; Masina, S., Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Bologna, Italy, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Bologna, Italy	Here we examine the impact of mesoscale processes on the global marine biogeochemical system by performing simulations at two different resolutions, 2° (LO-res) and 1/4° resolution (HI-res) using the PELAGOS model. Both the LO-res and HI-res simulations are set up with the same forcings and biogeochemical parameterizations, while the initial conditions are provided by a spinup of the LO-res simulation. This allows us to perform a direct inter-comparison of the two cases with a view to understanding how the introduction of mesoscale features affects the biogeochemical system, specifically how differences in the resolved horizontal and vertical motions are reflected in the plankton biomass and the nutrient availability. While the global large-scale oceanographic features (fronts, gyres, etc.) are captured in both the LO-res and HI-res simulations, differences in the mesoscale flow structures, and in particular the resolved vertical physics in the HI-res simulation generate very different behavior in the biogeochemical system. These differences in the physics drive what is a spun-up biogeochemical system in the LO-res simulation into a new regime in the HI-res simulation with significant reduction of typical low resolution biases. Coastal features are well reproduced due to stronger Ekman upwelling at the continental margins and increased eddy kinetic energy in the Southern Ocean significantly reduces the winter overestimation. These biases in the LO-res model are a result of inadequate vertical dynamics. The enhancement of surface chlorophyll can be attributed to improvements in the winter mixed layer in some regions such as the North Atlantic, while it is overall the difference in the Ekman vertical velocity which improves surface production allowing to simulate more realistic deep chlorophyll maxima as well. While the HI-res is better than the LO-res at capturing the timing of the spring bloom in the Southern Ocean, it still overestimates the peak of the bloom, hinting at the need to better understand the driving forces of the seasonal cycle of sub-Antarctic plankton dynamics. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Chlorophyll; Global ocean; Marine plankton; Mesoscale processes; Nutricline	Biogeochemistry; Blooms (metal); Chlorophyll; Kinetic energy; Kinetics; Marine biology; Oceanography; Plankton; Different resolutions; Global ocean; Horizontal and vertical motions; Marine planktons; Mesoscale process; Nutricline; Nutrient availability; Winter mixed layers; Computer simulation; biogeochemistry; kinetic energy; marine ecosystem; mesoscale meteorology; nutrient availability; parameterization; plankton; simulation; Southern Ocean	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84916887285	Evaluation of the trophic structure of the West Florida Shelf in the 2000s using the ecosystem model OSMOSE	Grüss A., Schirripa M.J., Chagaris D., Drexler M., Simons J., Verley P., Shin Y.-J., Karnauskas M., Oliveros-Ramos R., Ainsworth C.H.	2015	Journal of Marine Systems	144	None	10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.11.004	Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, United States; Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Sustainable Fisheries Division, 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, FL, United States; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, 100 8th Ave SE, St. Petersburg, FL, United States; University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, 140 7th Avenue South, St. Petersburg, FL, United States; Center for Coastal Studies Natural Resources Center, Texas A andM University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Dr., Corpus Christi, TX, United States; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR EME 212, Centre de Recherche Halieutique Méditerranéenne et Tropicale, Avenue Jean Monnet, CS 30171, Sète cedex, France; University of Cape Town, Marine Research Institute Ma-Re, Department of Biological Sciences, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Instituto del Mar del Perú (IMARPE), Gamarra y General Valle s/n Chucuito, Callao, Peru	Grüss, A., Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, United States, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Sustainable Fisheries Division, 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, FL, United States; Schirripa, M.J., Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Sustainable Fisheries Division, 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, FL, United States; Chagaris, D., Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, 100 8th Ave SE, St. Petersburg, FL, United States; Drexler, M., University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, 140 7th Avenue South, St. Petersburg, FL, United States; Simons, J., Center for Coastal Studies Natural Resources Center, Texas A andM University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Dr., Corpus Christi, TX, United States; Verley, P., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR EME 212, Centre de Recherche Halieutique Méditerranéenne et Tropicale, Avenue Jean Monnet, CS 30171, Sète cedex, France; Shin, Y.-J., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR EME 212, Centre de Recherche Halieutique Méditerranéenne et Tropicale, Avenue Jean Monnet, CS 30171, Sète cedex, France, University of Cape Town, Marine Research Institute Ma-Re, Department of Biological Sciences, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Karnauskas, M., Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Sustainable Fisheries Division, 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, FL, United States; Oliveros-Ramos, R., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR EME 212, Centre de Recherche Halieutique Méditerranéenne et Tropicale, Avenue Jean Monnet, CS 30171, Sète cedex, France, Instituto del Mar del Perú (IMARPE), Gamarra y General Valle s/n Chucuito, Callao, Peru; Ainsworth, C.H., University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, 140 7th Avenue South, St. Petersburg, FL, United States	We applied the individual-based, multi-species OSMOSE modeling approach to the West Florida Shelf, with the intent to inform ecosystem-based management (EBM) in this region. Our model, referred to as 'OSMOSE-WFS', explicitly considers both pelagic-demersal and benthic high trophic level (HTL) groups of fish and invertebrate species, and is forced by the biomass of low trophic level groups of species (plankton and benthos). We present a steady-state version of the OSMOSE-WFS model describing trophic interactions in the West Florida Shelf in the 2000s. OSMOSE-WFS was calibrated using a recently developed evolutionary algorithm that allowed simulated biomasses of HTL groups to match observed biomasses over the period 2005-2009. The validity of OSMOSE-WFS was then evaluated by comparing simulated diets to observed ones, and the simulated trophic levels to those in an Ecopath model of the West Florida Shelf (WFS Reef fish Ecopath). Finally, OSMOSE-WFS was used to explore the trophic structure of the West Florida Shelf in the 2000s and estimate size-specific natural mortality rates for a socio-economically important species, gag grouper (Mycteroperca microlepis). OSMOSE-WFS outputs were in full agreement with observations as to the body size and ecological niche of prey of the different HTL groups, and to a lesser extent in agreement with the observed species composition of the diet of HTL groups. OSMOSE-WFS and WFS Reef fish Ecopath concurred on the magnitude of the instantaneous natural mortality of the different life stages of gag grouper over the period 2005-2009, but not always on the main causes of natural mortality. The model evaluations conducted here provides a strong basis for ongoing work exploring fishing and environmental scenarios so as to inform EBM. From simple size-based predation rules, we were indeed able to capture the complexity of trophic interactions in the West Florida Shelf, and to identify the predators, prey and competitors of socio-economically important species as well as pivotal prey species of the ecosystem. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Gag grouper; Marine ecosystem modeling; Natural mortality; Resource management; Trophic structure; West florida shelf	Biomass; Computer simulation; Fish; Nutrition; Reefs; Florida; Marine ecosystem; Natural mortality; Resource management; Trophic structure; Ecosystems; algorithm; body size; ecosystem modeling; mortality; niche; predation; resource management; socioeconomic status; trophic structure; Atlantic Ocean; Florida Shelf; Epinephelinae; Invertebrata; Mycteroperca microlepis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70049113277	Motion Palpation Used as a Postmanipulation Assessment Tool for Monitoring End-Feel Improvement: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Test Responsiveness	Lakhani E., Nook B., Haas M., Docrat A.	2009	Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics	32	7	10.1016/j.jmpt.2009.08.004	Chiropractic Department, Durban University of Technology [merger of Natal Technikon and ML Sultan Technikon], Durban, Kwazulu Natal, South Africa; Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia; Western States Chiropractic College, Portland, Ore, United States; Chiropractic Department, Durban University of Technology [merger of Natal Technikon and ML Sultan Technikon], Durban, Kwazulu Natal, South Africa	Lakhani, E., Chiropractic Department, Durban University of Technology [merger of Natal Technikon and ML Sultan Technikon], Durban, Kwazulu Natal, South Africa; Nook, B., Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia; Haas, M., Western States Chiropractic College, Portland, Ore, United States; Docrat, A., Chiropractic Department, Durban University of Technology [merger of Natal Technikon and ML Sultan Technikon], Durban, Kwazulu Natal, South Africa	Objective: A tenet of motion palpation theory is the ability to confirm postadjustive segmental end-feel improvement (EFI). Only one previous trial has evaluated the responsiveness of EFI; this was a study of the thoracic spine. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the responsiveness of postadjustive end-feel for evaluating improvement in putative segmental spinal motion restriction after spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) of the cervical spine. Methods: A prospective, blinded, randomized placebo-controlled pilot trial was conducted with 20 symptomatic and 10 asymptomatic participants recruited from a chiropractic teaching clinic. The treatment group received SMT, and the control group received placebo detuned ultrasound. Responsiveness was evaluated as the etiologic fraction (% of cases with EFI attributable to SMT) and as the sensitivity and specificity of change. Results: For the entire sample, the etiologic fraction was 63% (P = .002), sensitivity was 93%, and specificity was 67%. For symptomatic participants, a strong relationship appeared to exist between receiving SMT and EFI (etiologic fraction = 78%, P = .006; sensitivity = 90%; specificity = 80%). A strong relationship was not found for asymptomatic participants (etiologic fraction = 40%, P = .444; sensitivity = 100%; specificity = 40%), where EFI was recorded frequently, whether participants received SMT or detuned ultrasound. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that motion palpation of end-feel assessment appears to be a responsive postmanipulation assessment tool in the cervical spine for determining whether perceived motion restriction found before treatment improves after SMT. This observation may be limited to symptomatic participants. © 2009.	Chiropractic; Manipulation; Palpation, Reliability, and Validity; Research, Evaluation; Spinal	placebo; adult; article; cervical spine; chiropractic; clinical article; controlled study; echography; female; human; male; manipulative medicine; palpation; physiotherapy; prospective study; sensitivity and specificity; spinal motion restriction; spine disease; Adult; Cervical Vertebrae; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Manipulation, Spinal; Monitoring, Physiologic; Pain Measurement; Palpation; Patient Satisfaction; Pilot Projects; Prospective Studies; Reference Values; Reproducibility of Results; Risk Assessment; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sensory Thresholds; Single-Blind Method; South Africa; Spinal Diseases; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36148946794	The impact of land transformation on breeding Blue Swallows Hirundo atrocaerulea Sundevall, in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa	Wakelin J., Hill T.R.	2007	Journal for Nature Conservation	15	4	10.1016/j.jnc.2007.05.003	Scientific Services, Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, P.O. Box 13053, Cascades 3202, South Africa; Discipline of Geography, School of Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa	Wakelin, J., Scientific Services, Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, P.O. Box 13053, Cascades 3202, South Africa; Hill, T.R., Discipline of Geography, School of Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa	The Blue Swallow is confined to the grassland component of the mistbelt region of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, a habitat well suited to intensive agriculture and especially afforestation, due to the high rainfall and deep well-drained soils. The species is listed as amongst the top five Critically Endangered bird species in South Africa and the numbers are dramatically declining. Any further fragmentation of its habitat may well lead to the local extinction of the Blue Swallow. It is in response to these sentiments that this paper investigates the potential influence of land use change, identifies what those changes have been over a 20-year epoch and what the impact on the persistence of Blue Swallow nesting sites has been. To achieve this, the extent and nature of land transformation, adjacent to past and current Blue Swallow nesting sites on five separate study sites in KwaZulu-Natal was investigated, using a Geographical Information System (GIS) as a means of recording the levels of transformation and the change in land use over time. While sample sizes were limited, as a result of dealing with a Critically Endangered species, the data suggest that nest density was positively related to changes in grassland and arable land uses and negatively related to an increase in plantation forestry. A decrease of 55% in active Blue Swallow nest sites coincided with a measured decline in grassland of 46% for the period 1981-2000. It is clear that the current rate of loss of Blue Swallow breeding pairs is critical and without the conservation of primary grassland habitat, the Blue Swallow is heading towards extinction in KwaZulu-Natal. It is recommended that artificial nest site provision and the conservation and sustainable management of the mistbelt grassland biome, both as a vegetation unit worthy of conserving in its own right and in collaboration with surrounding dependant communities, is necessary for the recovery of this charismatic, indicator species. © 2007.	Conservation; Critically Endangered; Geographical Information Systems; Land transformation; Mistbelt grasslands	afforestation; breeding; endangered species; GIS; habitat fragmentation; intensive agriculture; land use change; local extinction; nesting; passerine; plantation forestry; Africa; KwaZulu-Natal; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Aves; Hirundinidae; Hirundo atrocaerulea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930044435	Impact of land use on occupancy and abundance of terrestrial mammals in the Drakensberg Midlands, South Africa	Ramesh T., Downs C.T.	2015	Journal for Nature Conservation	23	None	10.1016/j.jnc.2014.12.001	School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Ramesh, T., School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Downs, C.T., School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Better management and knowledge regarding the effect of land use intensification on mammal abundance and occupancy is crucial for species conservation. This is particularly true in dynamic forest-farmland mosaics subjected to rapid human-induced habitat alterations for agricultural practices. We conducted camera-trap surveys at 44 locations across farmland use gradients between October 2012 and January 2013. We estimated occupancy and relative abundance of 10 terrestrial mammals in response to farmland use in the Drakensberg Midlands, South Africa. Occupancy modelling revealed the importance of available forest and wetland to several mammals. Occupancy estimates for Leptailurus serval were lower in cropland than for Herpestes ichneumon, Atilax paludinosus and Potamochoerus larvatus. Occupancy of Leptailurus serval and Redunca rundinu increased with relative human abundance while the relationship was inverse for Hystrix cristata and Potamochoerus larvatus. Livestock-related activity influenced occupancy of Potamochoerus larvatus positively and Hystrix cristata negatively. Pesticide usage had a negative impact on detection of several mammals, and occupancy of Atilax paludinosus. Commercial plantation influenced occupancy of Tragelaphus scriptus and Potamochoerus larvatus positively. Plantation supported the abundance of five species positively. Wetland influenced relative abundance of Leptailurus serval positively. Pesticide use significantly decreased relative abundance of Leptailurus serval and Atilax paludinosus. Livestock and human relative abundance were positively associated with relative abundance of Leptailurus serval and Canis mesomelas and negatively for other species. Our models proved the sensitivity of some mammals towards the natural habitat loss due to agricultural practices while others appeared to be tolerant to such human-modified habitats. We suggest feasible management implications for conserving diverse mammalian assemblages in farmland mosaics. © 2014 Elsevier GmbH.	Camera trapping; Detection; Farmland mosaics; Relative abundance index; Site occupancy; Terrestrial mammals	abundance index; agricultural land; agricultural practice; anthropogenic effect; detection method; habitat mosaic; land use; mammal; relative abundance; species conservation; trapping; Drakensberg; Atilax paludinosus; Canis mesomelas; Herpestes ichneumon; Hystrix cristata; Leptailurus serval; Mammalia; Potamochoerus larvatus; Redunca; Tragelaphus scriptus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646205005	Performance analysis of double buffer technique (DBT) model for mobility support in wireless IP networks	Akintola A.A., Aderounmu G.A., Adigun M.O.	2006	Journal of Network and Computer Applications	29	4	10.1016/j.jnca.2005.05.001	Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Department of Computer Science, University of Zululand, Kwadlangezwa, South Africa	Akintola, A.A., Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Aderounmu, G.A., Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Adigun, M.O., Department of Computer Science, University of Zululand, Kwadlangezwa, South Africa	Existing mobility support models in cellular communications misinterpret mobility loss in cellular networks as congestion loss, thus it degrades the performance by invoking unnecessary congestion control action. In this paper, we investigated the performance of Double Buffer Technique (DBT) model for mobility support in wireless IP networks. The DBT model uses the END message and the TQRS timer to maintain the packet sequence and decrease the load on the new foreign agent when the timer expires, respectively. Also, the protocol showed improved performance degradation caused by the handover of the mobile terminal. In order to demonstrate the superiority of our scheme over the existing ones, we used the following performance metrics: packet out-of-sequence, cell loss ratio, bandwidth overhead, and suitability for real-time services. The numerical results obtained revealed that the buffer size, the waiting time, and the packet loss probabilities in the model were suitable to the wireless IP environment. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Cellular; Double buffer technique; Handover; Internet protocol; Mobility; QoS; Routing; Seamless; Wireless	Cellular; Double buffer technique; Handover; Internet protocol; Mobility; Routing; Seamless; Buffer storage; Mathematical models; Network protocols; Real time systems; Routers; Telecommunication services; Wireless telecommunication systems	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949725897	Investigating the effect of correlation-based feature selection on the performance of neural network in reservoir characterization	Akande K.O., Owolabi T.O., Olatunji S.O.	2015	Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering	27	None	10.1016/j.jngse.2015.08.042	Electrical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Physics Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Physics and Electronics Department, Adekunle Ajasin Univer	Akande, K.O., Electrical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Owolabi, T.O., Physics Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, Physics and Electronics Department, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria; Olatunji, S.O., Computer Science Department, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia	Accurate prediction of permeability is very important in characterization of hydrocarbon reservoir and successful oil and gas exploration. In this work, generalization performance and predictive capability of artificial neural network (ANN) in prediction of permeability from petrophysical well logs have been improved by a correlation-based feature extraction technique. This technique is unique in that it improves the performance of ANN by employing fewer datasets thereby saving valuable processing time and computing resources. The effect of this technique is investigated using datasets obtained from five distinct wells in a Middle Eastern oil and gas field. It is found that the proposed extraction technique systematically reduces the required features to about half of the original size by selecting the best combination of well logs leading to performance improvement in virtually all the wells considered. The systematic approach to feature selection eliminates trial and error method and significantly reduces the time needed for model development. The result obtained is very encouraging and suggest a way to improve hydrocarbons exploration at reduced cost of production. Furthermore, performance of ANN and other computational intelligence techniques can be improved through this technique. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Artificial neural network; Feature selection; Permeability prediction; Reservoir characterization	Artificial intelligence; Characterization; Extraction; Feature extraction; Forecasting; Gas industry; Hydrocarbon refining; Hydrocarbons; Ionization of gases; Natural gas fields; Neural networks; Oil fields; Petroleum prospecting; Petroleum reservoirs; Well logging; Computational intelligence techniques; Feature extraction techniques; Generalization performance; Oil and gas exploration; Permeability prediction; Predictive capabilities; Reservoir characterization; Trial-and-error method; Petroleum reservoir engineering	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70450224647	Evaluation of silver transport through SiC during the German HTR fuel program	van der Merwe J.J.	2009	Journal of Nuclear Materials	395	42372	10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.09.024	PBMR, Lake Buena Vista Building, 1267 Gordon Hood Ave., Centurion, 0046, South Africa	van der Merwe, J.J., PBMR, Lake Buena Vista Building, 1267 Gordon Hood Ave., Centurion, 0046, South Africa	For direct cycle gas cooled high-temperature reactor designs operating conditions may be limited as a result of excessive maintenance dose rates caused by the 110mAg source term on the turbine. The accurate prediction of silver fission and activation products' release during normal operation is required to ensure regulatory compliance and economic viability of planned power plants. Fuel qualification programs should provide satisfactory results to ensure correct analyses, but will not be available for many years. In the meantime data from the German fuel development program are utilized to develop and validate analyses methods. Previously, from primarily material and fuel component test results, transport models and parameters through all the fuel materials and components were derived. Good verification of silver transport in fuel materials and components were achieved with the exception of SiC. An earlier study of all German fuel irradiation tests identified a set of applicable tests to be used to evaluate silver transport through high-quality SiC. Simplified first estimate analyses were performed on different transport models. This was followed by an in depth study with a more complete diffusion model on all applicable irradiation test results to derive new transport parameters for silver in SiC. These new parameters were applied in an evaluation of some heat-up tests of irradiated fuel spheres to assess the range for which they are valid. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	None	Accurate prediction; Activation products; Different transport models; Diffusion model; Dose rate; Economic viability; Fuel components; Fuel development; Fuel irradiation; Gas-cooled; Heat-up; High quality; In-depth study; Irradiated fuels; Irradiation test; New parameters; Normal operations; Operating condition; Source terms; Test results; Transport models; Transport parameters; High temperature reactors; Irradiation; Regulatory compliance; Silicon carbide; Silver; Testing; Fuels	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887060107	Radiation stability of the ODS alloys against swift heavy ion impact	Skuratov V.A., Uglov V.V., O'Connell J., Sohatsky A.S., Neethling J.H., Rogozhkin S.V.	2013	Journal of Nuclear Materials	442	42372	10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.07.017	FLNR, JINR, Dubna, Russian Federation; Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus; CHRTEM, NMMU, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; ITEP, Moscow, Russian Federation	Skuratov, V.A., FLNR, JINR, Dubna, Russian Federation; Uglov, V.V., Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus; O'Connell, J., CHRTEM, NMMU, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Sohatsky, A.S., FLNR, JINR, Dubna, Russian Federation; Neethling, J.H., CHRTEM, NMMU, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Rogozhkin, S.V., ITEP, Moscow, Russian Federation	The microstructure of Cr16 ferritic steel reinforced with yttrium oxide particles and KP4 ODS alloy irradiated with 167 MeV xenon and 700 MeV bismuth ions at 300 K has been studied using high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Amorphous latent tracks were identified in (Cr, W) 23C6, Y2Ti2O7 and Y 2TiO5 nanoparticles in Cr16 at a Bi ion fluence of 1.5 × 1012 cm-2. It was found that multiple track overlapping leads to complete amorphization of carbide and (Y, Ti) oxide particles in Cr16 specimens. No latent tracks have been observed in Y 4Al2O9 particles in KP4 irradiated with Bi ions. Small oxide particles (∼5 nm), in KP4 alloy, remain crystalline at Bi ion fluences up to 1.5 × 1013 cm-2, while subsurface regions in large (∼20 nm) particles were amorphized. Xe ion irradiation at fluences of 1 × 1014 cm-2 and 1.5 × 10 15 cm-2 resulted in amorphization of small Y 4Al2O9 oxide particles while the amorphous bodies of large particles were found to contain small crystalline inclusions. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	None	Large particles; Oxide particles; Radiation stability; Small-crystalline; Steel reinforced; Subsurface regions; Swift heavy ions; Xe ion-irradiation; Alloys; Amorphization; Carbides; Crystalline materials; High resolution transmission electron microscopy; Ion bombardment; Titanium oxides	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548645222	Assessment of Factors Associated With Surgical Difficulty in Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Extraction	Gbotolorun O.M., Arotiba G.T., Ladeinde A.L.	2007	Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery	65	10	10.1016/j.joms.2006.11.030	Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, C	Gbotolorun, O.M., Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Arotiba, G.T., Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Ladeinde, A.L., Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Purpose: The aim of this prospective study was to investigate radiologic and clinical factors associated with increased difficulty in the removal of impacted mandibular third molars. We also aimed to form an index to measure the difficulty of removal of the impacted molars preoperatively. Patients and Methods: A total of 87 patients who required 90 surgical extractions of impacted mandibular third molars from November 2003 to May 2004 were involved in the study. Radiologic and clinical data were taken preoperatively. All extractions were performed under local anesthesia by a single operator. Surgical difficulty was measured by the total intervention time. Results: Increased surgical difficulty was associated with increasing age and body mass index. It was also associated with the curvature of roots of the impacted tooth and the depth from point of elevation (P < .05). Conclusion: Both clinical and radiologic variables are important in predicting surgical difficulty in impacted mandibular third molar extractions. © 2007 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.	None	adolescent; adult; article; body mass; clinical assessment; diagnostic imaging; disease association; female; human; local anesthesia; major clinical study; male; measurement; molar tooth; predictor variable; preoperative evaluation; prospective study; radiodiagnosis; risk factor; surgical technique; tooth disease; tooth extraction; tooth radiography; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Body Mass Index; Female; Humans; Male; Mandible; Molar, Third; Prospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Time Factors; Tooth Extraction; Tooth Root; Tooth, Impacted	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-44949243108	Clinical Evaluation of Kaposi Sarcoma in HIV/AIDS Patients With Orofacial Lesions in Enugu, Nigeria	Oji C., Chukwuneke F.	2008	Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery	66	7	10.1016/j.joms.2007.08.049	Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Maxillofacial Surgeon, Federal Medical Centre, Abakaliki, Nigeria	Oji, C., Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Chukwuneke, F., Maxillofacial Surgeon, Federal Medical Centre, Abakaliki, Nigeria	Purpose: To highlight the association of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) with HIV/AIDS in patients of the oral and maxillofacial surgery units of 2 specialist hospitals in Enugu, Nigeria. Patients and Methods: The case notes of 112 patients who had HIV/AIDS lesions in the orofacial region were retrieved from the medical records department of 2 specialist hospitals. After studying the biopsy results, attention was focused on 33 patients (27 male and 6 female; age range, 10 to 59 years) who had KS. We studied the clinical, histopathologic, and therapeutic aspects of these AIDS-related KS cases over a period of 4 years, from January 2000 to December 2003. Results: There were 33 cases of KS and they ranged highest out of the total number of cases (112) cases that had HIV/AIDS. The male-to-female ratio was 4.5:1. At the time of initial presentation, all 33 patients were in stages III and IV of the disease. Late presentation and treatment by "fake" medical doctors were responsible for this situation. They all died within 1 to 18 months after commencement of therapy. Conclusion: KS is strongly associated with HIV/AIDS in our environment. We are of the opinion that the responsible authorities in Nigeria must endeavor to educate their citizens about safe sexual conduct and appropriate health-seeking behavior. © 2008 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.	None	antiretrovirus agent; bleomycin; doxorubicin; lamivudine; vincristine; zidovudine; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adolescent; adult; AIDS patient; anamnesis; article; behavior change; CD4+ T lymphocyte; chemotherapy; clinical article; clinical evaluation; clinical feature; coughing; dysphagia; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; female; fever; hemoptysis; heterosexual female; heterosexual male; histology; homosexuality; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; Kaposi sarcoma; laboratory test; lesbian; lymphocyte count; male; male homosexual; marriage; mouth lesion; mouth ulcer; Nigeria; physical examination; school child; sexual behavior; weight reduction; Western blotting; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Neoplasm Staging; Nigeria; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Retrospective Studies; Sarcoma, Kaposi; Sexual Behavior	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-56149089147	Open Reduction and Internal Fixation Versus Closed Treatment and Mandibulomaxillary Fixation of Fractures of the Mandibular Condylar Process: A Randomized, Prospective, Multicenter Study With Special Evaluation of Fracture Level	Schneider M., Erasmus F., Gerlach K.L., Kuhlisch E., Loukota R.A., Rasse M., Schubert J., Terheyden H., Eckelt U.	2008	Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery	66	12	10.1016/j.joms.2008.06.107	Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Klerksdorp, North West Province, Flamwood, South Africa; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Employee, Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Dresden, Germany; Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Leeds, Leeds, England, United Kingdom; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Halle, Halle, Germany; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Red Cross Hospital, Kassel, Germany; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany	Schneider, M., Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Erasmus, F., Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Klerksdorp, North West Province, Flamwood, South Africa; Gerlach, K.L., Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Kuhlisch, E., Employee, Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Dresden, Germany; Loukota, R.A., Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Leeds, Leeds, England, United Kingdom; Rasse, M., Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Schubert, J., Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Halle, Halle, Germany; Terheyden, H., Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Red Cross Hospital, Kassel, Germany; Eckelt, U., Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany	Purpose: This randomized, clinical multicenter trial investigated the treatment outcomes of displaced condylar fractures, and whether radiographic fracture level was a prognostic factor in therapeutic decision-making between open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) versus closed reduction and mandibulomaxillary fixation (CRMMF). Patients and Methods: Sixty-six patients with 79 displaced fractures (deviation of 10° to 45°, or shortening of the ascending ramus ≥2 mm) of the condylar process of the mandible at 7 clinical centers were enrolled. Patients were randomly allocated to CRMMF (n = 30 patients) or ORIF (n = 36 patients) treatment. The following parameters were measured 6 months after the trauma. Clinical parameters included mouth opening, protrusion, and laterotrusion. Radiographic parameters included level of the fracture, deviation of the fragment, and shortening of the ascending ramus. Subjective parameters included pain (according to a visual analogue scale), discomfort, and subjective functional impairment with a mandibular functional impairment questionnaire. Results: The difference in average mouth opening was 12 mm (P ≤ .001) between both treatment groups. The average pain level (visual analogue scale from 0 to 100) was 25 after CRMMF, and 1 after ORIF (P ≤ .001). In 53 unilateral fractures, better functional results were observed for ORIF compared with CRMMF, irrespective of fracture level (condylar base, neck, or intracapsular head). Unexpectedly, the subjective discomfort level decreased with ascending level of the fracture. In patients with bilateral condylar fractures, ORIF was especially advantageous. Conclusion: Fractures with a deviation of 10° to 45°, or a shortening of the ascending ramus ≥2 mm, should be treated with ORIF, irrespective of level of the fracture. © 2008 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.	None	adult; article; bone pain; bone radiography; bone screw; clinical evaluation; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; follow up; fracture reduction; human; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; mandible condyle; mandible fracture; maxilla fracture; multicenter study; open reduction; osteosynthesis; prospective study; questionnaire; randomized controlled trial; treatment duration; treatment outcome; visual analog scale; Decision Making; Fracture Fixation; Fracture Fixation, Internal; Humans; Jaw Fixation Techniques; Mandibular Condyle; Mandibular Fractures; Pain, Postoperative; Prospective Studies; Range of Motion, Articular; Temporomandibular Joint; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928650100	Development and evaluation of liquid oral phytoformulation of Phyllanthus amarus	Avbunudiogba J.A., Alalor C.A., Builders P.F., Odozie S.	2013	Journal of Pharmacy Research	6	9	10.1016/j.jopr.2013.08.029	Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Raw Materials Development, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Devel	Avbunudiogba, J.A., Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; Alalor, C.A., Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; Builders, P.F., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Raw Materials Development, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria; Odozie, S., Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria	Background: The leaves of Phyllanthus amarus (family: Euphorbiaceae) is reported to have good medicinal values such as antitussive properties. However the extract of the plant is very bitter, this constitutes a challenge in formulating an acceptable oral liquid dosage form. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop a pleasant tasting liquid preparation of the extract by a taste masking technique as well as evaluate some physicochemical properties of the formulation that relate to its stability. Methods: Six formulations (A-F) of the extract were prepared. To obtain the most stable and acceptable taste of the herbal syrup the physicochemical properties such as: colour, taste, pH, specific gravity, as well as its antioxidant activity were evaluated. Results and discussion: Formulation C which contains ethanol, citric acid, glycerin and syrup BP as the taste masking agents was adjudged to have the most acceptable taste and stability. Generally formulations C showed a pH of 6.61±0.02 and 6.62±0.04, specific gravity of 1.24±0.02g/ml and 1.28±0.01g/ml immediately after formulation and after storage for 10 weeks respectively. Conclusion: Formulating P. amarus extract with ethanol, citric acid, glycerin and syrup BP produced palatable and stable herbal syrup. © 2013 JPR Solutions.	Antitussive property; Aqueous extract; Herbal syrup; Phyllanthus amarus; Phytochemical properties	1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl; alcohol; citric acid; glycerol; Phyllanthus amarus extract; water; antioxidant activity; Article; color; drug formulation; drug stability; drug storage; drug synthesis; herbal medicine; nonhuman; pH; physical chemistry; plant leaf; plant stem; qualitative research; relative density; room temperature; solvent extraction; syrup; taste	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928650473	Evaluation of the invitro anti-oxidant activity of Alternanthera brasiliana leaves	Enechi O.C., Odo C.E., Wuave C.P.	2013	Journal of Pharmacy Research	6	9	10.1016/j.jopr.2013.09.006	Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Enechi, O.C., Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Odo, C.E., Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Wuave, C.P., Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Background and aim: Alternanthera brasiliana belongs to the family, Amaranthaceae and is popularly known as Brazilian joyweed. It is a medicinal plant famous for its therapeutic effects in Brazil, South Africa and Nigeria amongst other countries. In the present study, the ethanol extract of the leaves of A. brasiliana was evaluated for its potential anti-oxidant activity. Methods: This was carried out by determining the concentration of total phenols in the extract as well as using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging, iron (II)-chelating, nitric oxide radical-scavenging, ferrous sulphate and carbon tetrachloride-induced lipid peroxidation assays. Results: The results show that the concentration of total phenols in the extract was 0.031±0.006μg/ml of the extract. In addition, the percentage inhibition of DPPH radical exhibited by the increasing concentrations of the extract, iron (II)-chelating and nitric oxide radical-scavenging activities (in percent), percentage inhibitions of ferrous sulphate and carbon tetrachloride-induced lipid peroxidation by the extract ranged from 96.29% to 99.59%, 51.43% to 78.78%, 53.43% to 94.85%, 25.00% to 37.90% and 96.26% to 99.50% respectively. Results of the assays were comparable to those of the standard anti-oxidant (ascorbic acid). Conclusion: The above data provide evidences that the ethanol extract of the leaves of A. brasiliana is rich in natural anti-oxidants and thus justify its use in folk medicine especially in the management of free radical-mediated disorders. © 2013 JPR Solutions.	Alternanthera brasiliana; Anti-oxidants; Ethanol; Free radical and lipid peroxidation	1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl; Alternanthera brasiliana extract; antioxidant; ascorbic acid; carbon tetrachloride; ferrous sulfate; iron chelating agent; nitric oxide; phenol derivative; plant extract; scavenger; unclassified drug; Alternanthera brasiliana; Amaranthaceae; antioxidant activity; Article; drug determination; drug synthesis; in vitro study; lipid peroxidation; male; medicinal plant; nonhuman; plant leaf; rat; solvent extraction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953660726	Pyrazolyl iron, cobalt, nickel, and palladium complexes: Synthesis, molecular structures, and evaluation as ethylene oligomerization catalysts	Ainooson M.K., Ojwach S.O., Guzei I.A., Spencer L.C., Darkwa J.	2011	Journal of Organometallic Chemistry	696	8	10.1016/j.jorganchem.2010.12.029	Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, Private Bag, Maseno 40105, Kenya	Ainooson, M.K., Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Ojwach, S.O., Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa, Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, Private Bag, Maseno 40105, Kenya; Guzei, I.A., Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Spencer, L.C., Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Darkwa, J., Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa	Reactions of [2-(3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-ethanol] (L1) and [1-(2-chloro-ethyl)-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole] (L2) with Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Pd(II) salts gave the complexes [(L1)2FeCl2] (1), [(L1)2CoCl2] (2), [(L1)2NiBr2] (3), [(L1)2Pd(Me)Cl] (5), [(L2)2CoCl2] (6), and [(L2)2NiBr2] (7). Whereas L2 behaves as a monodentate ligand, L1 can behave as either a monodentate or bidentate ligand depending on the nature of the metal centre. For palladium, L1 is monodentate in the solid state structure of 5 but bidentate in the structure of 4, obtained during attempts to crystallize 3. While the activation of iron, cobalt and palladium complexes with EtAlCl2 did not produce active ethylene oligomerization catalysts, the nickel complexes 3 and 7 produced active ethylene oligomerization catalysts. Activities as high as 4329 kg/mol Ni h were obtained. Catalyst 3 produced mainly butenes (57%) and hexenes (43%); of which a combined 20% were converted to Friedel-Crafts alkylated-toluene. Catalyst 7, on other hand, produced mainly butenes (90%) and small amounts of hexenes (10%) which were then completely converted to the corresponding Friedel-Crafts alkylated-toluene products. This difference in product distribution in catalysis performed by complexes 3 and 7 is indicative of the role of the OH functionality in L1 on the EtAlCl2 co-catalysts. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Catalysts; Ethylene oligomerization; Friedel-Crafts alklylation; Metal complexes; Pyrazolyl ligands	1H-pyrazole; Active ethylene; Bidentate ligands; Co catalysts; Ethylene oligomerization; Ethylene oligomerizations; Friedel-Crafts; Hexenes; Metal centres; Monodentate ligands; Monodentates; Nickel complex; Palladium complexes; Product distributions; Pyrazolyl; Solid-state structures; Butenes; Catalyst activity; Cobalt; Cobalt compounds; Ethanol; Ethylene; Iron compounds; Ligands; Metal complexes; Oligomerization; Oligomers; Palladium; Toluene; Palladium compounds	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856234669	Binuclear Pd-methyl complexes of N,N′-{1, n}-alkanediyl- bis(pyridinyl-2-methanimine) ligands (n = 5, 8, 9, 10 and 12): Evaluation as catalysts precursors for phenylacetylene polymerization	Sibanyoni J.M., Bagihalli G.B., Mapolie S.F.	2012	Journal of Organometallic Chemistry	700	None	10.1016/j.jorganchem.2011.11.019	Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa; Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag 1, Matieland, 7601, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Sibanyoni, J.M., Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa; Bagihalli, G.B., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag 1, Matieland, 7601, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Mapolie, S.F., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag 1, Matieland, 7601, Stellenbosch, South Africa	A series of bifunctional ligands of the type N,N′-{1, n}-alkanediyl-bis(pyridinyl-2-methanimine) {n = 5, 8, 9, 10, 12}(L1-L5) were synthesized and fully characterized by IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Binuclear palladium-methylchloride complexes C1-C5 were formed by reacting the ligands with [(COD)Pd(CH 3)Cl]. The formed complexes were fully characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The synthesized complexes were evaluated as catalyst precursors for phenylacetylene polymerization after activation with AgBF 4, AgBPh 4 and NaB(Ar f) 4 (Sodium tetrakis[(3.5-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate) under various reaction conditions (solvent ratio, catalyst type, monomer/catalyst ratio, reaction time and nature of counterion). The cationic palladium-methyl catalyst precursors C1a-C5a were found to be active catalysts for phenylacetylene polymerization. The obtained polyphenylacetylene were analyzed by IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and found to be largely cis-transoidal in nature. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Diimine complexes; N,N′-{1,n}-alkanediyl-bis(pyridinyl-2-methanimine) ligands; Pd-methyl complexes; Phenylacetylene polymerization; Polyphenylacetylene	Active catalyst; Bifunctional ligand; Catalyst precursors; Catalysts precursors; Counterions; Diimine complexes; Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry; Pd-methyl complexes; Phenylacetylenes; Polyphenylacetylene; Reaction conditions; Tetrakis; Trifluoromethyl; Acetylene; Aromatic hydrocarbons; Catalysts; Cationic polymerization; Chlorine compounds; Electrospray ionization; Gel permeation chromatography; Ligands; Mass spectrometry; Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Organic polymers; Palladium compounds	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876193680	Synthesis, characterization and antiplasmodial evaluation of cyclopalladated thiosemicarbazone complexes	Adams M., De Kock C., Smith P.J., Chibale K., Smith G.S.	2013	Journal of Organometallic Chemistry	736	None	10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.02.024	Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Adams, M., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; De Kock, C., Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Smith, P.J., Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Chibale, K., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Smith, G.S., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Cyclopalladated thiosemicarbazone complexes arising through chelation of the tridentate thiosemicarbazone ligand via the ortho-carbon of the aryl ring, the imine nitrogen and the thiolate sulfur were synthesized with the phosphorus ligand occupying the fourth coordination site of the palladium(II) ion. These complexes were prepared by cleavage of the bridging Pd-S bonds of previously reported tetranuclear complexes with phosphorus ligands such as PTA and aminophosphines. The cyclopalladated complexes along with their free ligands were screened for antiplasmodial activity against two Plasmodium falciparum strains, NF54 (chloroquine-sensitive) and Dd2 (chloroquine-resistant), exhibiting inhibitory effects in the low micromolar range.© 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Antiplasmodial activity; Bioorganometallic chemistry; Cyclopalladation; Thiosemicarbazone	Antiplasmodial activity; Bio-organometallic chemistry; Cyclopalladated complexes; Cyclopalladation; Plasmodium falciparum; Tetranuclear complexes; Thiosemicarbazone complexes; Thiosemicarbazones; Ligands; Organometallics; Palladium compounds; Phenols; Phosphorus; Synthesis (chemical); Plasmodium falciparum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878358499	Heterobimetallic ferrocenylthiosemicarbazone palladium(II) complexes: Synthesis, electrochemistry and antiplasmodial evaluation	Adams M., De Kock C., Smith P.J., Malatji P., Hutton A.T., Chibale K., Smith G.S.	2013	Journal of Organometallic Chemistry	739	None	10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.04.017	Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, K45, OMB, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Adams, M., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; De Kock, C., Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, K45, OMB, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Smith, P.J., Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, K45, OMB, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Malatji, P., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Hutton, A.T., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Chibale, K., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Smith, G.S., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Heterobimetallic ferrocenylthiosemicarbazone palladium(II) complexes (3-5) were prepared through the cleavage of a chlorido-bridged palladium ferrocenylthiosemicarbazone intermediate (2) using various P-donor ligands. These compounds were screened for antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-sensitive (NF54) and chloroquine-resistant (Dd2) Plasmodium falciparum strains, exhibiting biological activity in the low micromolar range. The compounds generally display well-resolved electrochemically reversible one-electron transfer processes for the ferrocenyl group. The half-wave potential for the Fe(II)/Fe(III) couple is electronically influenced by the type of P-donor group through the palladium(II) centre. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Bioorganometallic chemistry; Cyclic voltammetry Antiplasmodial activity; Thiosemicarbazone	Antiplasmodial activity; Bio-organometallic chemistry; Half-wave potential; Heterobimetallics; One-electron transfer; Palladium complexes; Plasmodium falciparum; Thiosemicarbazones; Bioactivity; Cyclic voltammetry; Iron compounds; Metallic compounds; Synthesis (chemical); Palladium compounds; Plasmodium falciparum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891595215	Heterometallic half-sandwich complexes containing a ferrocenyl motif: Synthesis, molecular structure, electrochemistry and antiplasmodial evaluation	Nkoana W., Nyoni D., Chellan P., Stringer T., Taylor D., Smith P.J., Hutton A.T., Smith G.S.	2014	Journal of Organometallic Chemistry	752	None	10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.11.025	Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, 7925, South Africa	Nkoana, W., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Nyoni, D., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Chellan, P., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Stringer, T., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Taylor, D., Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, 7925, South Africa; Smith, P.J., Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, 7925, South Africa; Hutton, A.T., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Smith, G.S., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	The synthesis and characterisation of a series of new half-sandwich ruthenium(II), rhodium(III) and iridium(III) heterometallic complexes containing a ferrocenyl motif is reported. The dinuclear complexes were prepared by reaction of the ferrocenyl-salicylaldimine complex (1) with either [Ru(p-cymene)Cl2]2, [Rh(C5Me 5)Cl2]2 or [Ir(C5Me 5)Cl2]2 to yield heterobimetallic complexes where complex 1 acts as a bidentate anionic donor to ruthenium, rhodium or iridium via the imine nitrogen and phenolic oxygen atoms. The structures of the compounds have been confirmed using a variety of spectroscopic and analytical techniques, including single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of complexes 2-4. The electrochemical behaviour of the heterometallic complexes was examined using cyclic voltammetry and a positive shift in the half-wave potential (E 1/2) of the ferrocene/ferrocenium couple was observed for the Platinum Group Metal (PGM) complexes, indicating that the ferrocenyl moiety becomes harder to oxidise. The complexes were evaluated for antiplasmodial activity in vitro against the chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum strain NF54, yielding IC50 values in the low micromolar range. Further analysis of complexes 1-4 using a β-hematin inhibition assay revealed that these complexes are able to inhibit the formation of synthetic hemozoin. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Antiplasmodial activity; Bioorganometallic chemistry; Cyclic voltammetry; Ferrocene; Heterometallic	Antiplasmodial activity; Bio-organometallic chemistry; Electrochemical behaviour; Ferrocenes; Hetero bimetallic complexes; Heterometallic complexes; Heterometallics; Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis; Chlorine compounds; Cyclic voltammetry; Dyes; Iridium; Iridium compounds; Metallic compounds; Organometallics; Rhodium; Rhodium compounds; Ruthenium; Ruthenium compounds; X ray diffraction analysis; Synthesis (chemical)	National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908334995	Evaluation of trimetallic Ru(II)- and Os(II)-Arene complexes as potential anticancer agents	Makhubela B.C.E., Meyer M., Smith G.S.	2014	Journal of Organometallic Chemistry	None	None	10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.08.034	Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa	Makhubela, B.C.E., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Meyer, M., Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa; Smith, G.S., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa	Schiff-base ligands, tris-2-(salicylaldimine ethyl)amine and tris-2-(2-pyridylimine ethyl)amine (1 and 2) were prepared and complexed to Ru(II) and Os(II) entities to form new trimetallic complexes (3-10). The complexes are air- and moisture-stable and have been characterized fully using elemental analysis, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy as well as HR-ESI-TOF-MS spectrometry. Related mononuclear analogues (11-14) were also prepared via the Schiff-base condensation reaction of propyl amine and the appropriate aldehyde to form propysalicylaldimine and propyl-2-pyridylimine ligands. Upon complexation with the respective metal dimers, ([OsCl2(p-cym)]2 and [OsBr2(p-cym)]2) complexes (11-14) formed and were characterized by elemental analysis, NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The cytotoxicity of the trimetallic complexes (3-10) and their mononuclear analogues were established against human osteosarcoma (MG63), human ovarian (A2780cisR; cisplatin-resistant) cancer cells and model human non-cancerous cells (KMST6, fibroblast). All the complexes exhibited moderate to high anti-cancer activities and the most potent complexes were further evaluated for their ability to inhibit DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I) - an enzyme key to cellular genetic processes, such as DNA replication and transcription. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Cancer; Cytotoxicity; I; Ruthenium(II)-arenes and osmium(II)-arenes; Topoisomerase; Trimetallic	Iodine; Arene complexes; Cancer; Potential anticancer agents; Topoisomerases; Trimetallic; Cytotoxicity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908293274	Evaluation of the in vitro anticancer activity of cyclometalated half-sandwich rhodium and iridium complexes coordinated to naphthaldimine-based poly(propyleneimine) dendritic scaffolds	Sudding L.C., Payne R., Govender P., Edafe F., Clavel C.M., Dyson P.J., Therrien B., Smith G.S.	2014	Journal of Organometallic Chemistry	774	None	10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.10.003	Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, South Africa; Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Chemistry, University of Neuchatel, 51 Ave de Bellevaux, Neuchatel, Switzerland	Sudding, L.C., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, South Africa; Payne, R., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, South Africa; Govender, P., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, South Africa; Edafe, F., Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Clavel, C.M., Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Dyson, P.J., Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Therrien, B., Institute of Chemistry, University of Neuchatel, 51 Ave de Bellevaux, Neuchatel, Switzerland; Smith, G.S., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, South Africa	The development of cyclometalated rhodium and iridium complexes from first- and second-generation naphthaldimine-based poly(propyleneimine) dendrimer scaffolds of the type, DAB-(NH2)n (where n = 4 or 8, DAB = diaminobutane) has been accomplished. Four metallodendrimers were synthesised, viz. (Cp∗MCl)4Gn (1-4), by first reacting DAB-(NH2)n with napththaldehyde and subsequently metallating the Schiff-base dendrimers with the dimers [Cp∗MCl2]2 (where M = Rh or Ir). Related mononuclear complexes [Cp∗MCl(L)] (L = naphthaldimine) (5-6) were obtained in a similar manner. The molecular structures of 5 and 6 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and the in vitro anticancer activities of 1-6 were evaluated against the A2780 and A2780cisR human ovarian carcinoma cell lines. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Anticancer drugs; Bioorganometallic chemistry; Cyclometalated; Iridium; Metallodendrimers; Rhodium	Rhodium; Anticancer activities; Anticancer drug; Bio-organometallic chemistry; Cyclometalated; Half-sandwich; Metallodendrimers; Poly(propylene imine); Rhodium and iridium complexes; Iridium	66054, National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929463566	Synthesis, characterization and pharmacological evaluation of ferrocenyl azines and their rhodium(I) complexes	Stringer T., Guzgay H., Combrinck J.M., Hopper M., Hendricks D.T., Smith P.J., Land K.M., Egan T.J., Smith G.S.	2015	Journal of Organometallic Chemistry	788	None	10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.04.009	Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Division of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town Medical School, Observatory, South Africa; Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, United States	Stringer, T., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Guzgay, H., Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Combrinck, J.M., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town Medical School, Observatory, South Africa; Hopper, M., Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, United States; Hendricks, D.T., Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Smith, P.J., Division of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town Medical School, Observatory, South Africa; Land, K.M., Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, United States; Egan, T.J., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Smith, G.S., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	Ferrocenyl azines containing salicylaldimine motifs were prepared by Schiff-base condensation of salicylaldehyde hydrazones and (dimethylamino)methyl ferrocenecarboxaldehyde. Their corresponding Rh(I) complexes were prepared by reaction of the various ferrocenyl azines with [RhCl(COD)]<inf>2</inf> (where COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) to yield heterobimetallic complexes. The compounds were characterized using standard spectroscopic and analytical techniques. The characterization data suggests that the ferrocenyl azine acts as a bidentate donor. The rhodium(I) centre binds to the imine nitrogen and phenolic oxygen of the salicylaldimine, forming a neutral complex. The compounds were screened against the NF54 chloroquine-sensitive (CQS) and K1 chloroquine-resistant (CQR) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. The ferrocene-containing salicylaldimines exhibited weak to moderate activity across both parasite strains. The heterometallic complexes exhibited enhanced activity compared to the ferrocenyl azines in both strains. Most of the compounds exhibited enhanced activity in the resistant strain compared to the sensitive strain. Inhibition of haemozoin formation was considered as a possible mechanism of action of these compounds and indeed they exhibited β-haematin inhibition activity, albeit weaker than chloroquine. All compounds were also screened against the G3 strain of Trichomonas vaginalis. The compounds inhibited no more than 50% parasite growth at the tested concentration. One complex exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against WHCO1 oesophageal cancer cells. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Antiparasitic activity; Bioorganometallic chemistry; Cytotoxicity; Ferrocene; Heterobimetallic; Plasmodium falciparum	Cytotoxicity; Functional groups; Metallic compounds; Nitrogen compounds; Organometallics; Rhodium; Strain; Synthesis (chemical); Antiparasitic activity; Bio-organometallic chemistry; Ferrocenes; Heterobimetallics; Plasmodium falciparum; Rhodium compounds; Plasmodium falciparum; Trichomonas vaginalis	National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-58849128160	Diclofenac Potassium Attenuates Dysmenorrhea and Restores Exercise Performance in Women With Primary Dysmenorrhea	Chantler I., Mitchell D., Fuller A.	2009	Journal of Pain	10	2	10.1016/j.jpain.2008.08.006	Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa	Chantler, I., Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Mitchell, D., Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fuller, A., Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa	We assessed the efficacy of diclofenac potassium, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, in alleviating menstrual pain and restoring exercise performance to that measured in the late-follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Twelve healthy young women with a history of primary dysmenorrhea completed, in a random order, laboratory exercise-testing sessions when they were in the late-follicular (no menstruation, no pain) phase of the menstrual cycle and when they were experiencing dysmenorrhea and receiving, in a double-blinded fashion, either 100 mg of diclofenac potassium or placebo. We assessed the women's leg strength (1-repetition maximum test), aerobic capacity (treadmill walking test), and ability to perform a functional test (task-specific test). Compared with placebo, diclofenac potassium significantly decreased dysmenorrhea on the day of administration (Visual Analog Scale, P < .001 at all times). When receiving placebo for menstrual pain, the women's performance in the tests was decreased significantly, compared with when they were receiving diclofenac potassium for menstrual pain (P < .05) and compared with when they were in the late-follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (P < .05 for treadmill test, P < .01 for task-specific test and 1-repetition maximum test). Administration of diclofenac potassium for menstrual pain restored exercise performance to a level not different from that achieved in the late-follicular phase of the cycle. Perspective: In women with primary dysmenorrhea, menstrual pain, if untreated, decreases laboratory-assessed exercise performance. A recommended daily dose of a readily available nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, diclofenac potassium, is effective in relieving menstrual pain and restoring physical performance to levels achieved when the women were in the late-follicular (no menstruation, no pain) phase of the menstrual cycle. © 2009 American Pain Society.	Menstrual pain; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; physical performance	cataflam d; diclofenac potassium; placebo; unclassified drug; aerobic capacity; article; clinical article; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; drug efficacy; dysmenorrhea; exercise; female; follicular phase; human; leg; muscle strength; task performance; treadmill exercise; visual analog scale; walking; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Analysis of Variance; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Diclofenac; Double-Blind Method; Dysmenorrhea; Exercise; Female; Humans; Menstrual Cycle; Physical Endurance; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955328501	Building a palliative care program in ethiopia: The impact on HIV and AIDS patients and their families	Wube M., Horne C.J., Stuer F.	2010	Journal of Pain and Symptom Management	40	1	10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2010.04.003	Family Health International, Ethiopia; Family Health International, 339 Hilda Street, Pretoria, Gauteng 0083, South Africa	Wube, M., Family Health International, Ethiopia; Horne, C.J., Family Health International, 339 Hilda Street, Pretoria, Gauteng 0083, South Africa; Stuer, F., Family Health International, Ethiopia	Home- and community-based care in Ethiopia implements palliative care through the continuum of care in 14 major cities with links to local health facilities. Community support through traditional burial societies (idirs) makes it possible for the program to provide holistic care to people living with HIV (PLHIV) and their family members. The program has been shown to 1) reduce stigma and discrimination of PLHIV and vulnerable children, 2) increase acceptance and use of voluntary testing and counseling for HIV, 3) improve PLHIV health and well-being, 4) improve household economic conditions of PLHIV, orphans and vulnerable children, and other beneficiaries, and 5) increase community support by idirs. © 2010 U.S. Cancer Pain Relief Committee. Published by Elsevier Inc.	Community care; Ethiopia; HIV and AIDS; Home-based care; Idirs; Palliative care	antiretrovirus agent; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; AIDS patient; article; community care; economic aspect; Ethiopia; family assessment; family centered care; health care access; health care facility; health care planning; health program; holistic care; home care; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; nursing care; orphaned child; outcome assessment; palliative therapy; patient attitude; patient compliance; patient counseling; patient education; quality of life; social discrimination; social support; stigma; wellbeing; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; family; HIV Infections; palliative therapy; patient; treatment outcome; trends; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Ethiopia; Family; Health Plan Implementation; HIV Infections; Humans; Palliative Care; Patients; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-15744373001	The simultaneous determination of selected flavonol glycosides and aglycones in Ginkgo biloba oral dosage forms by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry	Dubber M.-J., Sewram V., Mshicileli N., Shephard G.S., Kanfer I.	2005	Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis	37	4	10.1016/j.jpba.2004.11.052	Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Division of Pharmaceutics, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; PROMEC Unit, Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa	Dubber, M.-J., Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Division of Pharmaceutics, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Sewram, V., PROMEC Unit, Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa; Mshicileli, N., PROMEC Unit, Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa; Shephard, G.S., PROMEC Unit, Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa; Kanfer, I., Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Division of Pharmaceutics, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa	An accurate, precise and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS-MS) method was developed for the determination of two flavonol glycosides, rutin and quercitrin, together with the algycone markers, quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin in several Ginkgo biloba solid oral dosage forms. In addition, a novel quercetin glycoside, not yet reported in Ginkgo extracts, was identified. Liquid chromatography was performed using a minibore high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) column (150 mm × 2.0 mm i.d.) and a one step gradient of acetonitrile-formic acid (0.3%) at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. Baseline separation of the five selected flavonol marker compounds was achieved within 20 min at 45°C. Tandem mass spectrometry was performed using electrospray ionisation (ESI) in the negative ion mode. The marker compounds exhibited linearity over the range of 3-26 μg/ml and intra- and inter-day standard deviations were better than 7% and 16%, respectively. All Ginkgo products investigated were found to contain varying amounts of target analytes. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Flavonols; Ginkgo biloba; LC-MS-MS; Validation	acetonitrile; anion; flavonoid glycoside; flavonol derivative; formic acid; Ginkgo biloba extract; isorhamnetin; kaempferol; quercetin; quercitrin; rutoside; accuracy; article; drug administration route; drug determination; drug dose regimen; electrospray mass spectrometry; flow rate; high performance liquid chromatography; priority journal; separation technique; tandem mass spectrometry; temperature; time; Calibration; Capsules; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Flavonols; Ginkgo biloba; Glycosides; Indicators and Reagents; Reference Standards; Reproducibility of Results; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Tablets	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646420078	Determination of stigmasterol, β-sitosterol and stigmastanol in oral dosage forms using high performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection	Nair V.D.P., Kanfer I., Hoogmartens J.	2006	Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis	41	3	10.1016/j.jpba.2005.12.030	Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics, Rhodes University, Artillery Road, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Laboratorium Voor Farmaceutische Chemie en Analyse van Geneesmiddelen, Farmaceutische Wetenschappen, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium	Nair, V.D.P., Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics, Rhodes University, Artillery Road, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Kanfer, I., Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics, Rhodes University, Artillery Road, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Hoogmartens, J., Laboratorium Voor Farmaceutische Chemie en Analyse van Geneesmiddelen, Farmaceutische Wetenschappen, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium	A validated and repeatable high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with online evaporative light scattering (ELSD) was developed for the analysis of two sterols, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol and a stanol, stigmastanol, found to be common in many herbal formulations and health care supplements. The method is based on the separation of the three marker compounds on a C8 column (Phenomenex Luna, 5 μm, 150 mm × 4.6 mm i.d.) using methanol:water (95:5 v/v) as the mobile phase, and a flow rate of 1 ml/min to separate all the marker compounds within 12 min. Cholesterol (50 μg/ml) was used as internal standard and methanol as the extraction solvent. The ELSD response parameters were optimised and the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were calculated to be 2 and 5 μg/ml, respectively, which is more sensitive than obtained by photo diode array detection (5 and 7 μg/ml). Using ELSD, the percentage relative standard deviation (%R.S.D.) of intra-day and inter-day (3 days) precision for each marker was better than 3%, the accuracy data were within 97-103% and the recovery data were found to be within 95-107% for the five commercially available products examined. This method was used to assay commercially available products formulated as oral dosage forms purported to contain African Potato and associated sterols and stanol and proved to be suitable for the routine analysis and quality control of such products. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	β-Sitosterol; African Potato; HPLC-ELSD; Quality control; Stigmastanol; Stigmasterol	carbon; cholesterol; methanol; sitostanol; sitosterol; stigmasterol; water; accuracy; analytic method; article; drug formulation; drug marketing; flow rate; herbal medicine; high performance liquid chromatography; information processing; light scattering; potato; priority journal; quality control; quantitative analysis; supplementation; validation process; Administration, Oral; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dosage Forms; Light; Reference Standards; Reproducibility of Results; Scattering, Radiation; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892798175	Impact of the 2010 FIFA (Federation Internationale de Football Association) World Cup on pediatric injury and mortality in Cape Town, South Africa	Zroback C., Levin D., Manlhiot C., Alexander A., Van As A.B., Azzie G.	2014	Journal of Pediatrics	164	2	10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.10.009	Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of General Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Labatt Family Heart Center, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Trauma Unit, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; ChildSafe (Formerly Known As the Child Accident Prevention Foundation of Southern Africa), Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada	Zroback, C., Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, Department of General Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Levin, D., Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Manlhiot, C., Labatt Family Heart Center, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Alexander, A., Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada, Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Van As, A.B., Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Trauma Unit, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, ChildSafe (Formerly Known As the Child Accident Prevention Foundation of Southern Africa), Cape Town, South Africa; Azzie, G., Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada	Objective To examine how a mass-gathering event (the Federation Internationale de Football Association World Cup, 2010, South Africa) impacts trauma and mortality in the pediatric (≤18 years) population. Study design We investigated pediatric emergency visits at Cape Town's 3 largest public trauma centers and 3 private hospital groups, as well as deaths investigated by the 3 city mortuaries. We compared the 31 days of World Cup with equivalent periods from 2007-2009, and with the 2 weeks before and after the event. We also looked at the World Cup period in isolation and compared days with and without games in Cape Town. Results There was significantly decreased pediatric trauma volume during the World Cup, approximately 2/100â€̂000 (37%) fewer injuries per day, compared with 2009 and to both pre- and post-World Cup control periods (P <.001). This decrease occurred within a majority of injury subtypes, but did not change mortality. There were temporal fluctuations in emergency visits corresponding with local match start time, with fewer all-cause emergency visits during the 5 hours surrounding this time (-16.4%, P =.01), followed by a subsequent spike (+26.2%, P =.02). There was an increase in trauma 12 hours following matches (+15.6%, P =.06). Conclusions In Cape Town, during the 2010 Federation Internationale de Football Association World Cup, there were fewer emergency department visits for traumatic injury. Furthermore, there were fewer all-cause pediatric emergency department visits during hometown matches. These results will assist in planning for future mass-gathering events.	Federation Internationale de Football Association; FIFA; ICD-10; International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision	adolescent; adult; article; child; childhood injury; clinical examination; consultation; controlled study; cross-sectional study; emergency health service; emergency ward; female; football; human; infant; male; mortality; multicenter study; newborn; pediatrics; preschool child; priority journal; private hospital; school child; South Africa; sport; sport injury; young adult; Article; childhood injury; contusion; death; emergency care; football; intoxication; major clinical study; wound; Federation Internationale de Football Association; FIFA; ICD-10; International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision; Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Soccer; South Africa; Survival Rate; Wounds and Injuries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846537919	Familial medullary carcinoma prevention, risk evaluation, and RET in children of families with MEN2	Moore S.W., Appfelstaedt J., Zaahl M.G.	2007	Journal of Pediatric Surgery	42	2	10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2006.10.005	Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Stellenbosch Medical Faculty, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa; Department of Surgery, University of Stellenbosch Medical Faculty, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa; Department of Genetics, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, 7505, South Africa	Moore, S.W., Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Stellenbosch Medical Faculty, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa; Appfelstaedt, J., Department of Surgery, University of Stellenbosch Medical Faculty, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa; Zaahl, M.G., Department of Genetics, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, 7505, South Africa	The ability to predict the risk of MEN2 and medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) by genetic RET proto-oncogene analysis has provided an essential tool in identifying patients in whom thyroid cancer can be prevented by prophylactic thyroidectomy but emphasizes the need for clear policy guidelines. Children of families with RET cysteine mutations (exons 10, 11, 13, and 16) may develop early metastatic tumours and require prophylactic thyroidectomy. The 918 mutation associated with MEN2B is associated with early aggressive behaviour and distant metastatic spread. This has led to active screening of affected families underlining the need for specific intervention strategies. Aim: To evaluate the risk to children of families with MEN2 and to assess the risk and determine the treatment. Methods: Twenty-five patients from 10 families with MEN2 phenotypes were screened for RET mutations. Polymerase chain reaction amplification was performed on all 21 exons of the RET proto-oncogene, followed by heteroduplex single-strand conformation polymorphism (HEX-SSCP) analysis. Polymerase chain reaction products demonstrating variation in the HEX-SSCP gels were subjected to automated DNA sequencing analysis. Results: Eleven significant RET mutations were detected in affected families. Eight index cases received initial thyroidectomy for established MTC (plus 2 advised). In the family members screened, 3 prophylactic thyroidectomies (2 with early MTC) were performed and a further 2 recommended. An exon 10 C620W missense mutation (the "Janus" gene) was detected in a patient with Hirschsprung's disease plus 1 family member. Conclusion: RET analysis of MEN has revolutionized the management of children of families with MEN2 and allowed surgical prediction and prophylaxis to take place. The presence of an exon 10 C620W mutation in association with Hirschsprung's disease was difficult to assess. We suggest possible guidelines for management of families with MTC and the role of genetic testing in their evaluation. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Familial; Genes; Medullary thyroid carcinoma; Mutations; Polymorphisms; RET proto-oncogene	protein Ret; adolescent; article; cancer prevention; cancer risk; childhood cancer; clinical article; DNA sequence; evaluation; familial cancer; gene mutation; heteroduplex analysis; Hirschsprung disease; human; medullary carcinoma; missense mutation; phenotype; polymerase chain reaction; priority journal; protein analysis; Sipple syndrome; thyroidectomy; Adult; Alleles; Carcinoma, Medullary; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; DNA Mutational Analysis; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Screening; Genotype; Heterozygote; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Male; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2a; Pedigree; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Primary Prevention; Probability; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret; Reference Values; Risk Assessment; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroidectomy	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77950513437	Evaluation of relevance of the components of Pediatric Surgery residency training in West Africa	Ekenze S.O., Ameh E.A.	2010	Journal of Pediatric Surgery	45	4	10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2009.10.051	Subdepartment of Pediatric Surgery, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria	Ekenze, S.O., Subdepartment of Pediatric Surgery, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria; Ameh, E.A., Subdepartment of Pediatric Surgery, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria	Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine if pediatric surgery residency training program in West Africa addresses the realities of posttraining practice. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional survey of 36 pediatric surgeons trained in West Africa using self-administered questionnaires. Results: Overall, 26 (72%) responded. Although 21 (81%) had adequate exposures in most surgical components of training, 18 (69%) were exposed to most of the nonsurgical components. The least in exposure and use were prenatal management, microvascular and laparoscopic surgeries, hospital administration, and finance management. Pediatric urology, gastroenterology, oncology, trauma, neonatal surgery, burn management, and hepatobiliary surgery were rated as useful and relevant to practice by 22 (85%) of the respondents. Many nonsurgical areas that receive less emphasis in training were regarded as useful in practice by all respondents including ethical decision making, accessing scientific literature, communication skills with colleagues and patient's guardian, and medical research. Significant challenges to training were lack of tertiary children's hospital, dearth of facilities, and inadequate mentoring. Conclusion: The components of pediatric surgery training program in West Africa are relevant to the practice of the specialty in our setting. Areas that may enhance training outcome include improving exposure to all components through multi-institutional and international collaboration and improving existing facilities. © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Pediatric surgery; Posttraining relevance; Training components; West Africa	Africa; article; clinical practice; communication skill; course content; course evaluation; education program; financial management; hospital management; laparoscopic surgery; medical decision making; medical ethics; medical research; microvascular surgery; pediatric surgery; prenatal care; priority journal; questionnaire; residency education; scientific literature; surgical training; Africa, Western; Competency-Based Education; Cross-Sectional Studies; Health Care Surveys; Humans; Internship and Residency; Pediatrics; Program Evaluation; Specialties, Surgical	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84918769713	Isolation and evaluation of antiglycation potential of polyalthic acid (furano-terpene) from Daniella oliveri	Atolani O., Olatunji G.A.	2014	Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis	4	6	10.1016/j.jpha.2014.05.002	Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer's University, P.M.B. 3005, Redemption Camp, Mowe, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria	Atolani, O., Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer's University, P.M.B. 3005, Redemption Camp, Mowe, Ogun State, Nigeria, Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Olatunji, G.A., Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria	A furano-diterpene (polyalthic acid) was isolated as a major stable compound for the first time from the oleoresin of the Daniella oliveri of the family Caesalpiniacea through column chromatography fractionation. Polyalthic acid was characterized using data obtained from EIMS, HREIMS, ESI-MS, MALDI-MS as well as 1D and 2D NMR and it was evaluated for its potential to inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) using a standard in vitro antiglycation procedure. Polyalthic acid indicated a negative antiglycation potential compared to standard inhibitor that has 85% inhibition, which is an indication that polyalthic acid may not contribute to the antiglycation activity of the plant as acclaimed in folkloric medicine. The negative antiglycation observed could indicate that the polyalthic acid could trigger glycation, thereby subjecting users to various degrees of complications. The bioactivity evaluation on molinspiration evaluator indicated that polyalthic acid could be a potential drug candidate. The biological and chemical insights gained on polyalthic acid provide a good basis for future research. © 2014 Xi'an Jiaotong University.	Antiglycation; Daniella oliveria; Furano-diterpene; Matrix assistedlaser desorption/ionization (MALDI); Polyalthic acid	advanced glycation end product; furan derivative; hydrogen; polyalthic acid; rutoside; terpene derivative; unclassified drug; antiglycation activity; Article; biological activity; Caesalpinia; controlled study; Daniella oliveri; deciduous plant; drug activity; drug isolation; drug screening; electrospray mass spectrometry; heteronuclear multiple bond correlation; heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence; hydrogen bond; IC50; plant exudate; tree	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884213116	The primary subcellular localization of Zinc phthalocyanine and its cellular impact on viability, proliferation and structure of breast cancer cells (MCF-7)	Tynga I.M., Houreld N.N., Abrahamse H.	2013	Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology	120	None	10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2012.11.009	Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa	Tynga, I.M., Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; Houreld, N.N., Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; Abrahamse, H., Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa	The development of curative techniques which are selective for neoplasms is one of the main focal areas in cancer research. The mechanism of cell damage due to Zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPcSmix)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) in a breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) was assessed by inverted light microscopy for morphology, the Trypan blue exclusion assay and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) luminescence assay for cell viability, alamarBlue for proliferation, Lactate Dehydrogenase (LHD) membrane integrity for cytotoxicity and fluorescent microscopy for ZnPcSmix localization. Fluorescent microscopy revealed that ZnPcSmix was localized in both mitochondria and lysosomes, and PDT treated cells showed damaging structural changes and decreased cell viability and proliferation. The light-dependent ZnPcS mix displayed appreciable photosensitivity and the intensity of damage was directly related to its concentration. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Breast cancer; Photodynamic therapy; Zinc phthalocyanine	adenosine triphosphate; lactate dehydrogenase; phthalocyanine zinc; article; breast cancer; cancer cell; cell damage; cell proliferation; cell structure; cell viability; cellular distribution; controlled study; cytotoxicity; fluorescence microscopy; human; human cell; lysosome; microscopy; mitochondrion; morphology; photodynamic therapy; photosensitivity; photosensitization; priority journal; Biological Transport; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Death; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Humans; Indoles; Intracellular Space; Laser Therapy; MCF-7 Cells; Organometallic Compounds; Photosensitizing Agents; Sulfonic Acids	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881553846	The long-run impact of inflation in South Africa	Amusa K., Gupta R., Karolia S., Simo-Kengne B.D.	2013	Journal of Policy Modeling	35	5	10.1016/j.jpolmod.2011.05.001	Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Amusa, K., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Gupta, R., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Karolia, S., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Simo-Kengne, B.D., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	This paper evaluates the hypothesis of long-run super-neutrality of money (LRSN) within the context of the South African economy. The long-run impact of inflation on the interest rate and subsequently, output is estimated by employing a trivariate structural vector autoregression model, using quarterly data for the period of 1960:1 to 2010:1. The estimation results suggest that the hypothesis of LRSN cannot be rejected, thereby suggesting that monetary policy in South Africa cannot be used to solve the large and persistent unemployment problem in South Africa, which is understandable, since unemployment is inherently structural and is due to skills-shortage. This is further supported by our one of our other results which shows that significant long-run impact on output is obtained from technological improvements. © 2013 Society for Policy Modeling.	Money superneutrality; Structural vector autoregression	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900818559	The margins of export competition: A new approach to evaluating the impact of China on South African exports to Sub-Saharan Africa	Edwards L., Jenkins R.	2014	Journal of Policy Modeling	36	S1	10.1016/j.jpolmod.2013.10.003	Southern African Labour and Development Research Unit, School of Economics, University of Cape Town, South Africa; School of International Development, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom	Edwards, L., Southern African Labour and Development Research Unit, School of Economics, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Jenkins, R., School of International Development, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom	Chinese manufacturing exports to Sub-Saharan Africa challenge South Africa's economic influence in the region. To evaluate this, the paper develops and applies a conceptual framework that distinguishes between the intensive and extensive margins of Chinese export competition. South African exports of new and existing manufactured products to Sub-Saharan Africa are found to have been negatively affected by Chinese competition relative to exports from other countries. Consequently, South Africa's exports to the region in 2010 were 20% lower than they would have been if they had been affected to the same degree as other countries. The crowding-out effects are found to be strongest in medium- and low-technology products. Overall, the data suggest that Chinese exports of manufactures have diminished South Africa's participation and economic influence in the region. © 2013 Society for Policy Modeling.	China; Export competition; South Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None	None
WoS	WOS:000344435700005	How effective are countercyclical policy tools in mitigating the impact of financial and economic crises in Africa?	Bandara, Amarakoon	2014	JOURNAL OF POLICY MODELING	36	5	10.1016/j.jpolmod.2014.08.003	United Nations Dev Programme	None	Using panel vector auto regression (PVAR) and GMM estimates we provide evidence for the transmission of financial crises to African economies through foreign direct investments and exports. Although many countries resort to stimulus packages to mitigate the impacts of financial crises, we find no evidence for fiscal policy to be considered an effective countercyclical policy tool in the African context. Monetary policy could be an effective tool in mitigating the impact in non-resource rich SSA countries, but not in others. Limited policy space calls for African economies to reconsider their policies towards trade, investment, finance and macroeconomic management. (C) 2014 Society for Policy Modeling. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	"financial crisis","fiscal stimulus","MONETARY POLICY",TRANSMISSION,"DYNAMIC HETEROGENEOUS PANELS",MARKETS,TIME	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84942198979	The impact of financial integration in Botswana	Mmolainyane K.K., Ahmed A.D.	2015	Journal of Policy Modeling	37	5	10.1016/j.jpolmod.2015.03.015	Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia; University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana; College of Business, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia	Mmolainyane, K.K., Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana; Ahmed, A.D., College of Business, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia	This study examines the impact of financial integration in Botswana. Direct and indirect transmission channels to growth are investigated. Financial integration commonly influences growth through encouraging cross border capital flows, transferring technologies and managerial expertise and promoting risk sharing. These market developments that are realized translate into enhanced access to finance as intermediation channels improve. Our empirical results are in line with previous literature in that financial depth does occur in the wake of the financial integration era and positively influences growth in Botswana. Not withholding, our results reveal that market depth has not promoted access to private sector's credit in Botswana so far. To a larger extent, a negative impact of financial integration on growth is observed as there could be short-term risks associated with increased financial openness. Nonetheless, an indirect, significant and positive influence from financial integration through financial access to growth is also observed. This indirect transmission demonstrates that financial integration increases financial innovation which in turn fosters growth in the country. Financial innovation enhances service delivery and improves access to financial services. We observe a positive influence from macroeconomic and institutional variables implying prevalence of sound and prudent supervisory structure and the rule of law in Botswana. Policy wise, there is still need and scope for greater financial integration, financial development and financial access which can contribute to national development goals of sustainable economic growth, diversification, employment creation and poverty reduction in Botswana. © 2015 Society for Policy Modeling.	Botswana; Economic growth; Financial access; Financial integration	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33748526514	The influence of catalyst layer morphology on the electrochemical performance of DMFC anode	Wang Z., Liu Y., Linkov V.M.	2006	Journal of Power Sources	160	1	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.01.056	South Africa Institute for Advanced Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535 Cape Town, South Africa	Wang, Z., South Africa Institute for Advanced Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535 Cape Town, South Africa; Liu, Y., South Africa Institute for Advanced Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535 Cape Town, South Africa; Linkov, V.M., South Africa Institute for Advanced Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535 Cape Town, South Africa	The anodes with different morphology for DMFC were prepared, and the influences of the microstructure of anode catalyst layer on their electrochemical performance were investigated by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and electrochemical methods, respectively. The surface morphology of catalyst layer was observed by SEM, and the elements dispersion status and its distribution of activity intensity on electrode catalyst layer were mapped by PIXE and SECM, respectively. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and anode polarization experiment were employed to analyze the electrochemical properties of anode. The results reveal that the anode with a relative smooth surface of catalyst layer and less cracks shows good interfacial properties and the lower resistance on the electrode reaction of methanol, and its maximum power of MEA as a single cell was about 178 mW cm-2 at 70 °C. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Catalyst; DMFC; EIS; SECM	Anodes; Electrochemistry; Fuel cells; Scanning electron microscopy; Spectroscopy; X ray analysis; DMFC; Electrode reaction; Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM); Catalysts	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-41949092932	High performance Pd-based catalysts for oxidation of formic acid	Wang R., Liao S., Ji S.	2008	Journal of Power Sources	180	1	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.02.027	College of Chemistry, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China; South Africa Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, South Africa	Wang, R., College of Chemistry, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China; Liao, S., College of Chemistry, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China; Ji, S., South Africa Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, South Africa	Two novel catalysts for anode oxidation of formic acid, Pd2Co/C and Pd4Co2Ir/C, were prepared by an organic colloid method with sodium citrate as a complexing agent. These two catalysts showed better performance towards the anodic oxidation of formic acid than Pd/C catalyst and commercial Pt/C catalyst. Compared with Pd/C catalyst, potentials of the anodic peak of formic acid at the Pd2Co/C and Pd4Co2Ir/C catalyst electrodes shifted towards negative value by 140 and 50 mV, respectively, meanwhile showed higher current densities. At potential of 0.05 V (vs. SCE), the current density for Pd4Co2Ir/C catalyst is as high as up to 13.7 mA cm-2, which is twice of that for Pd/C catalyst, and six times of that for commercial Pt/C catalyst. The alloy catalysts were nanostructured with a diameter of ca. 3-5 nm and well dispersed on carbon according to X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements. The composition of alloy catalysts was analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Pd4Co2Ir/C catalyst showed the highest activity and best stability making it the best potential candidate for application in a direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC). © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Electrocatalysts; Formic acid oxidation; Fuel cell; Pd-based catalysts	Current density; Electrocatalysts; Energy dispersive X ray analysis; Formic acid fuel cells (FAFC); Oxidation; Complexing agents; Organic colloid method; Sodium citrate; Formic acid	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-62349092577	Performance of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 prepared by solid-state reaction	Chen Z., Zhu H., Ji S., Linkov V., Zhang J., Zhu W.	2009	Journal of Power Sources	189	1	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.11.001	Institution of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Physics and Electronic Sciences, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410076, China; South Africa Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa	Chen, Z., Institution of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Physics and Electronic Sciences, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410076, China; Zhu, H., Institution of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Physics and Electronic Sciences, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410076, China; Ji, S., South Africa Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Linkov, V., South Africa Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Zhang, J., Institution of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Physics and Electronic Sciences, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410076, China; Zhu, W., Institution of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Physics and Electronic Sciences, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410076, China	LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 was prepared through a solid-state reaction using various Ni precursors. The effect of precursors on the electrochemical performance of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 was investigated. LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 made from Ni(NO3)2·6H2O shows the best charge-discharge performance. The reversible capacity of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 is about 145 mAh g-1 and remained 143 mAh g-1 after 10 cycles at 3.0-5.0 V. The XRD results showed that the precursors and the dispersion methods had significant effect on their phase purity. Pure spinel phase can be obtained with high energy ball-milling method and Ni(NO3)2·6H2O as precursor. Trace amount of NiO and Li2MnO3 phase were detected in LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 with manual-mixture method and using Ni(CH3COO)2·6H2O, NiO and Ni2O3 as precursors. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Cathode materials; LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4; Lithium ion battery; Spinel	Ball milling; Cathodes; Lithium; Lithium alloys; Lithium batteries; Manganese; Nickel; Cathode materials; Charge-discharge performance; Dispersion methods; Electrochemical performance; High energies; LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub>; Lithium ion battery; Mixture methods; Phase purities; Reversible capacities; Solid-state reactions; Spinel; Spinel phase; Trace amounts; XRD; Manganese compounds	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879293436	Enhanced performance of polybenzimidazole-based high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell with gas diffusion electrodes prepared by automatic catalyst spraying under irradiation technique	Su H., Pasupathi S., Bladergroen B.J., Linkov V., Pollet B.G.	2013	Journal of Power Sources	242	None	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.05.128	HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa	Su, H., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa; Pasupathi, S., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa; Bladergroen, B.J., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa; Linkov, V., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa; Pollet, B.G., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa	Gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) prepared by a novel automatic catalyst spraying under irradiation (ACSUI) technique are investigated for improving the performance of phosphoric acid (PA)-doped polybenzimidazole (PBI) high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The physical properties of the GDEs are characterized by pore size distribution and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical properties of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) with the GDEs are evaluated and analyzed by polarization curve, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemistry impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Effects of PTFE binder content, PA impregnation and heat treatment on the GDEs are investigated to determine the optimum performance of the single cell. At ambient pressure and 160 C, the maximum power density can reach 0.61 W cm -2, and the current density at 0.6 V is up to 0.38 A cm-2, with H2/air and a platinum loading of 0.5 mg cm-2 on both electrodes. The MEA with the GDEs shows good stability for fuel cell operating in a short term durability test. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Automatic catalyst spraying under; Gas diffusion electrode; High temperature proton exchange; irradiation; Membrane electrode assembly; membrane fuel cell; Phosphoric acid-doped; Polybenzimidazole	Automatic catalyst spraying under; Gas diffusion electrodes; Membrane electrode assemblies; Membrane fuel cells; Phosphoric acid-doped; Polybenzimidazole; Proton exchange; Electrochemistry impedance spectroscopy; Gas diffusion electrodes; High temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells; Maximum power density; Membrane electrode assemblies; Optimum performance; Polybenzimidazole; Short-term durabilities; Catalysts; Cyclic voltammetry; Diffusion in gases; Durability; Irradiation; Loading; Phosphoric acid; Scanning electron microscopy; Catalysts; Cyclic voltammetry; Diffusion; Diffusion in gases; Durability; Electrochemical electrodes; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; Electrochemistry; Electrodes; Fuel cells; Irradiation; Membranes; Phosphoric acid; Phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC); Pore size; Protons; Scanning electron microscopy; Size distribution; Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC); Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886259692	Significant performance improvement in terms of reduced cathode flooding in polymer electrolyte fuel cell using a stainless-steel microcoil gas flow field	Tanaka S., Shudo T.	2014	Journal of Power Sources	248	None	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.09.119	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1 Minamiosawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan; HySA/Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa	Tanaka, S., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1 Minamiosawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan, HySA/Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa; Shudo, T., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1 Minamiosawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan	Flooding at the cathode is the greatest barrier to increasing the power density of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) and using them at high current densities. Previous studies have shown that flooding is caused by water accumulation in the gas diffusion layer, but only a few researchers have succeeded in overcoming this issue. In the present study, microcoils are used as the gas flow channel as well as the gas diffuser directly on the microporous layer (MPL), without using a conventional carbon-fiber gas diffusion layer (GDL), to enable flood-free performance. The current-voltage curves show flooding-free performance even under low air stoichiometry. However, the high-frequency resistance (HFR) in this case is slightly higher than that in grooved flow channels and GDLs. This is due to the differences in the electron conduction path, and the in-plane electron conductivity in the MPL is the key to enhancing the microcoil fuel cell performance. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Cathode flooding; Flooding free; Forced convection; Microcoil flow field; Polymer electrolyte fuel cell; Water management	Cathode flooding; Current voltage curve; Electron conductivity; Fuel cell performance; Gas diffusion layers; High current densities; Microcoil; Polymer electrolyte fuel cells; Cathodes; Channel flow; Data communication equipment; Diffusion in gases; Flow fields; Flow of gases; Forced convection; Fuel cells; Polyelectrolytes; Polymers; Stainless steel; Water management; Floods	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893179157	High performance anode based on a partially fluorinated sulfonated polyether for direct methanol fuel cells operating at 130 C	Mack F., Gogel V., Jörissen L., Kerres J.	2014	Journal of Power Sources	255	None	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.01.029	Centre for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Wuerttemberg, Division 3, Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion, Helmholtzstr. 8, D-89081, Germany; Helmholtz Institute Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 8, D-89081 Ulm, Germany; Institute of Chemical Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Boeblingerstr. 72, D-70199 Stuttgart, Germany; North-West University, Chemical Resource Beneficiation, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Mack, F., Centre for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Wuerttemberg, Division 3, Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion, Helmholtzstr. 8, D-89081, Germany, Helmholtz Institute Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 8, D-89081 Ulm, Germany; Gogel, V., Centre for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Wuerttemberg, Division 3, Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion, Helmholtzstr. 8, D-89081, Germany; Jörissen, L., Centre for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Wuerttemberg, Division 3, Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion, Helmholtzstr. 8, D-89081, Germany; Kerres, J., Centre for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Wuerttemberg, Division 3, Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion, Helmholtzstr. 8, D-89081, Germany, Institute of Chemical Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Boeblingerstr. 72, D-70199 Stuttgart, Germany, North-West University, Chemical Resource Beneficiation, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Due to the disadvantages of the Nafion polymer for the application in the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) especial at temperatures above 100 C several polymers of the hydrocarbon type have already been investigated as membranes and ionomers in the DMFC. Among them were nonfluorinated and partially fluorinated arylene main-chain hydrocarbon polymers. In previous work, sulfonated polysulfone (sPSU) has been applied as the proton-conductive binder in the anode of a DMFC, ending up in good and stable performance. In continuation of this work, in the study presented here a polymer was prepared by polycondensation of decafluorobiphenyl and bisphenol AF. The formed polymer was sulfonated after polycondensation by oleum and the obtained partially fluorinated sulfonated polyether (SFS) was used as the binder and proton conductor in a DMFC anode operating at a temperature of 130 C. The SFS based anode with 5% as ionomer showed comparable performance for the methanol oxidation to Nafion based anodes and significant reduced performance degradation versus Nafion and sPSU based anodes on the Nafion 115 membrane. Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) with the SFS based anode showed drastically improved performance compared to MEAs with Nafion based anodes during operation with lower air pressure at the cathode. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Anode; Catalyst layer; DMFC; Ionomer; Medium temperature; Partially fluorinated sulfonated polyether	Catalyst layers; High-performance anodes; Medium temperature; Membrane electrode assemblies; Partially fluorinated; Performance degradation; Sulfonated polyether; Sulfonated polysulfone; Anodes; Atmospheric pressure; Binders; Ethers; Ionomers; Polycondensation; Polymers; Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897983173	Nitrogen-rich mesoporous carbon derived from melamine with high electrocatalytic performance for oxygen reduction reaction	Wang R., Zhou T., Li H., Wang H., Feng H., Goh J., Ji S.	2014	Journal of Power Sources	261	None	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.03.057	Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning East Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou, Guangdong 516007, China; College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa	Wang, R., Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning East Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China; Zhou, T., Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning East Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China; Li, H., Department of Chemical Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou, Guangdong 516007, China; Wang, H., Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Northwest Normal University, 967 Anning East Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China; Feng, H., College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Goh, J., South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa; Ji, S., South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa	Melamine-derived N-doped mesoporous carbon (MNMC) is synthesized by the pyrolysis of lysine and melamineunder at nitrogen atmosphere using ferric chloride as a dopant and SiO2 nanoparticles as hard templates to form mesoporous architecture. The N content in the bulk of carbon materials is as high as 11.3% and ca. 40.6% of N is in the form of pyridinic-N. The surface area of MNMC is ca. 650 m2 g-1 with a pore size distribution in the range of 2.2-34.5 nm. Compared to commercial Pt/C (20 wt%), MNMC exhibits much better electrocatalytic activity, better durability, and higher methanol tolerance for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline medium. Particularly, the onset ORR potential and half-wave ORR potential of MNMC are 1.059 and 0.871 V vs. RHE respectively, which are higher than those of commercial Pt/C. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Electrocatalyst; Mesopore; Nitrogen-rich carbon; Oxygen reduction reaction	Amino acids; Chlorination; Chlorine compounds; Electrocatalysts; Electrolytic reduction; Mesoporous materials; Nitrogen; Platinum alloys; Synthesis (chemical); Electrocatalytic activity; Electrocatalytic performance; Mesopore; Mesoporous carbon; Methanol tolerance; N-doped mesoporous carbons; Nitrogen atmospheres; Oxygen reduction reaction; Carbon	21163018, NSFC, National Natural Science Foundation of China; 21363022, NSFC, National Natural Science Foundation of China; 51362027, NSFC, National Natural Science Foundation of China
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905029210	Physical and electrochemical evaluation of ATO supported IrO2 catalyst for proton exchange membrane water electrolyser	Puthiyapura V.K., Mamlouk M., Pasupathi S., Pollet B.G., Scott K.	2014	Journal of Power Sources	269	None	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.06.078	School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom; South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry (SAIAMC), Faculty of Science, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa	Puthiyapura, V.K., School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom; Mamlouk, M., School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom; Pasupathi, S., South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry (SAIAMC), Faculty of Science, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Pollet, B.G., South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry (SAIAMC), Faculty of Science, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Scott, K., School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom	Antimony doped tin oxide (ATO) was studied as a support material for IrO2 in proton exchange membrane water electrolyser (PEMWE). Adams fusion method was used to prepare the IrO2-ATO catalysts. The physical and electrochemical characterisation of the catalysts were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), powder conductivity, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and membrane electrode assembly (MEA) polarisation. The BET surface area and electronic conductivity of the supported catalysts were found to be predominantly arisen from the IrO2. Supported catalyst showed higher active surface area than the pristine IrO2 in CV analysis with 85% H3PO4 as electrolyte. The MEA performance using Nafion®-115 membrane at 80 °C and atmospheric pressure showed a better performance for IrO2 loading. © 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Antimony tin oxide; Hydrogen generation; Iridium dioxide; Oxygen evolution reaction; PEM water electrolysis	Atmospheric pressure; Catalyst supports; Cyclic voltammetry; Hydrogen; Hydrogen production; Nanocomposites; Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC); Scanning electron microscopy; Tin; Transmission electron microscopy; X ray diffraction; Antimony tin oxide; Hydrogen generations; Iridium dioxide; Oxygen evolution reaction; PEM water electrolysis; Loading	EP/G042012/1, EPSRC, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919662308	Mesoporous nitrogen-doped carbon derived from carp with high electrocatalytic performance for oxygen reduction reaction	Wang R., Song H., Li H., Wang H., Mao X., Ji S.	2015	Journal of Power Sources	278	None	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.12.072	College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou, Guangdong, China; South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa	Wang, R., College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China; Song, H., College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China; Li, H., Department of Chemical Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou, Guangdong, China; Wang, H., College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China; Mao, X., College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China; Ji, S., South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa	In this work, a low-cost and nitrogen-containing carbon material with mesopores and high surface area is synthesized by carbonizing carp with SiO2 nanoparticles as template. It is found that pyridinic-N dominates the N species on the surface of obtained carbon material, which can act as active sites for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The BET surface area of obtained carbon material is 401.7 m2 g-1 and the pore size is ca. 11.1 nm. Due to its high pyridinic-N content and mesoporous architecture, the ORR activity of obtained carbon material in alkaline media is comparable to that of commercial Pt/C catalyst. In addition, it shows a higher methanol tolerance than Pt/C catalyst, making it a potential alternative to Pt-based catalysts. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Carp; Fuel cells; Mesoporous; Nitrogen-doped carbon; Oxygen reduction reaction	Catalysts; Doping (additives); Electrolytic reduction; Fuel cells; Mesoporous materials; Nitrogen; Oxygen; Platinum; Platinum alloys; Pore size; Synthesis (chemical); Carp; Electrocatalytic performance; Mesoporous; Methanol tolerance; Nitrogen-containing carbons; Nitrogen-doped carbons; Oxygen reduction reaction; Pt-based catalyst; Carbon	21163018, NSFC, National Natural Science Foundation of China; 21363022, NSFC, National Natural Science Foundation of China; 51362027, NSFC, National Natural Science Foundation of China
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920414663	Enhanced performance and stability of high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell by incorporating zirconium hydrogen phosphate in catalyst layer	Barron O., Su H., Linkov V., Pollet B.G., Pasupathi S.	2015	Journal of Power Sources	278	None	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.12.139	HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, South Africa	Barron, O., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, South Africa; Su, H., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, South Africa; Linkov, V., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, South Africa; Pollet, B.G., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, South Africa; Pasupathi, S., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, South Africa	Zirconium hydrogen phosphate (ZHP) together with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymer binder is incorporated into the catalyst layers (CLs) of ABPBI (poly(2,5-benzimidazole))-based high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFCs) to improve its performance and durability. The influence of ZHP content (normalised with respect to dry PTFE) on the CL properties are structurally characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion porosimetry. Electrochemical analyses of the resultant membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) are performed by recording polarisation curves and impedance spectra at 160 °C, ambient pressure and humidity. The result show that a 30 wt.% ZHP/PTFE content in the CL is optimum for improving fuel cell performance, the resultant MEA delivers a peak power of 592 mW cm-2 at a cell voltage of 380 mV. Electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) indicate that 30% ZHP in the CL can increase the proton conductivity compared to the pristine PTFE-gas diffusion electrode (GDE). A short term stability test (∼500 h) on the 30 wt.% ZHP/PTFE-GDE shows a remarkable high durability with a degradation rate as low as ∼19 μV h-1 at 0.2 A cm-2, while 195 μV h-1 was obtained for the pristine GDE. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Catalyst layer; Gas diffusion electrode; High temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell; Membrane electrode assembly; Poly(2 5-benzimidazole); Zirconium hydrogen phosphate	Catalysts; Degradation; Diffusion in gases; Durability; Electrochemical electrodes; Electrodes; Fuel cells; Hydrogen; Membranes; Polyelectrolytes; Polymers; Polytetrafluoroethylenes; Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC); Scanning electron microscopy; Solid solutions; Zirconium; Catalyst layers; Gas diffusion electrodes; High temperature polymer electrolyte membranes; Membrane electrode assemblies; Poly(2 5-benzimidazole); Zirconium hydrogen phosphate; Solid electrolytes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930002990	Performance evaluation of a membraneless divergent electrode-flow-through (DEFT) alkaline electrolyser based on optimisation of electrolytic flow and electrode gap	Gillespie M.I., Van Der Merwe F., Kriek R.J.	2015	Journal of Power Sources	293	None	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.05.077	Demcotech Engineering, P.O. Box 9624, Edenglen, South Africa; Electrochemistry for Energy and Environment Group, Research Focus Area: Chemical Resource Beneficiation (CRB), North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Gillespie, M.I., Demcotech Engineering, P.O. Box 9624, Edenglen, South Africa; Van Der Merwe, F., Electrochemistry for Energy and Environment Group, Research Focus Area: Chemical Resource Beneficiation (CRB), North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Kriek, R.J., Electrochemistry for Energy and Environment Group, Research Focus Area: Chemical Resource Beneficiation (CRB), North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa	A membraneless divergent electrode-flow-through (DEFT) alkaline electrolysis design and operating principle is investigated, which allows for the ohmic drop contribution and performance threshold limitations of a conventional membrane barrier to be overcome. Employing mesh electrodes of 30 mm diameter, operation of the electrolyser at an electrolytic flow velocity of 0.075-0.1 m s-1, resulted in an optimal electrode gap of ∼2.5 mm, while operating at greater velocities (>0.1-0.2 m s-1) allows for the employment of a smaller optimal gap of ∼0.8 mm. At an electrode gap of 2.5 mm and current densities of 3500 mA cm-2, hydrogen purity of 99.83% has been recorded. With pure nickel electrodes current densities of 101.19 mA cm-2 (at 1.80 VDC) and 326.33 mA cm-2 (at 2 VDC) have been achieved, while the use of superior catalysts, namely, RuO<inf>2</inf>/IrO<inf>2</inf>/TiO<inf>2</inf> and Pt for the anode and cathode respectively, resulted in the current densities to increase to 219.99 mA cm-2 (at 1.8 VDC) and 474.40 mA cm-2 (at 2 VDC) at an electrode gap of 2.5 mm and a minimum flow velocity of 0.075 m s-1. The test rig is capable of generating hydrogen at a rate of 63.6 L/hr at normal temperature and pressure (NTP). The production rate follows current density linearly at high overpotentials. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Alkaline water electrolysis; Hydrogen production; Membraneless	Current density; Electrolysis; Flow velocity; Hydrogen; Hydrogen production; Alkaline electrolysis; Alkaline water electrolysis; Membraneless; Normal temperature and pressures; Operating principles; Optimal electrodes; Superior catalysts; Threshold limitation; Electrodes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862204081	Fuel gas blending benchmark for economic performance evaluation of advanced control and state estimation	Ricker N.L., Muller C.J., Craig I.K.	2012	Journal of Process Control	22	6	10.1016/j.jprocont.2012.05.001	Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Sasol Solvents RSA, Sasolburg, South Africa; Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Ricker, N.L., Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Muller, C.J., Sasol Solvents RSA, Sasolburg, South Africa, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Craig, I.K., Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	A simulation of a fuel gas blending process and its measurement system is proposed as a benchmark test case for advanced control and state estimation. The simulation represents an industrial facility and employs a well-established software environment. The objective is to maintain four controlled variables within specified bounds while minimizing an economic performance index. The controlled variables are the fuel gas pressure and three measures of gas quality. Six feed gas flow rates may be adjusted to achieve the objective. Each has a limited availability. The benchmark consists of three reproducible scenarios, each a 46-h period during which 23 discrete upsets occur and the feed gas compositions vary gradually with time. A benchmark multi-loop feedforward-feedback structure is described, tested, and compared to an estimate of optimal performance. The operating cost provided by the benchmark controller is from 1.19 to 1.71 times higher than the estimated minimum. Readers are challenged to download the simulation model, benchmark controller and estimated optimal performance from the URL given in this paper, and to devise case studies of advanced state estimation and control strategies to better the proposed benchmark controller. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Advanced control; Model predictive control; MPC; Nonlinear control; Nonlinear programming; Ratio control; Real-time optimization; RTO	Advanced control; MPC; Non linear control; Ratio control; Real-time optimization; RTO; Blending; Computer simulation; Computer software; Controllers; Fuels; Gases; Model predictive control; Nonlinear programming; Optimization; Predictive control systems; State estimation; Benchmarking	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33747844636	The profile and impact of probable dementia in a sub-Saharan African community: results from the Ibadan Study of Aging	Gureje O., Ogunniyi A., Kola L.	2006	Journal of Psychosomatic Research	61	3	10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.07.016	Department of Psychiatry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Gureje, O., Department of Psychiatry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ogunniyi, A., Department of Psychiatry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Kola, L., Department of Psychiatry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Objective: This study aimed to determine the profile of dementia in a sub-Saharan Africa country and assess its effects on role functioning and quality of life. Methods: Using a multistage, stratified, clustered sampling of households in the Yoruba-speaking areas of Nigeria, representing 22% of the national population, 2152 persons aged 65 years and above were studied. Probable dementia was evaluated using a validated cognitive test - the 10-Word Delay Recall Test. Activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental ADL, and quality of life were also assessed. Results: The prevalence of probable dementia in this sample was 10.1% (95% confidence interval, 8.6-11.8). Female sex and increasing age were risk factors. Also, lifetime history of alcohol use doubles the risk. Affected persons had relatively preserved functioning and quality of life. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the diagnosis of dementia may be downwardly biased in this culture due to relatively preserved levels of social and functional roles. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Dementia; Prevalence; Quality of life; Role functioning	Africa; age distribution; aged; aging; anamnesis; article; controlled study; dementia; evaluation; female; human; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; quality of life; risk factor; sex ratio; validation process; Africa South of the Sahara; Aged; Aging; Cognition Disorders; Dementia; Female; Humans; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Prevalence; Quality of Life; Severity of Illness Index; Sickness Impact Profile	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84956574093	Evaluation of neonatal circumcision training for resident doctors in a developing country	Ekenze S.O., Ugwu J.O., Onumaegbu O.O.	2015	Journal of Pediatric Urology	11	5	10.1016/j.jpurol.2015.03.017	Sub Department of Paediatric Surgery, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria	Ekenze, S.O., Sub Department of Paediatric Surgery, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Ugwu, J.O., Sub Department of Paediatric Surgery, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Onumaegbu, O.O., Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria	Summary Background There is a high prevalence of neonatal circumcision (NC) in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, when providers do not have adequate training on the procedure, neonatal circumcision can result in complications. There are indications that the reported high complication rate of NC in the current setting might be a reflection of inadequate training of the providers. In order to establish a framework for better training of providers of NC, it may be necessary to evaluate the providers' opinions of their training and competence of the procedure. Objective The opinions of surgical, paediatric, and obstetrics-gynaecology resident doctors were evaluated for their exposure to, training on and perceived competence of neonatal circumcision. Study design The resident doctors in surgery, paediatrics and obstetrics-gynaecology (OBGYN) at two teaching hospitals in southeastern Nigeria were surveyed using a self-developed questionnaire. The self-assessment survey evaluated the residents' exposure and training on NC, and their perceived competence of the procedure. The responses from the different specialties were compared. Data were analysed using Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results The summary of findings is shown in Table below: The confidence in the ability to perform the NC did not significantly differ between the sexes (male 53/87 vs female 6/15; P = 0.22) and the level of training (SHO, Senior house officer 7/17, Registrar 24/42, senior registrar 28/43; P = 0.24). Discussion A substantial proportion of residents who encountered neonatal circumcision considered their training in NC to be sub-optimal, despite their perceived exposure to the procedure. Notwithstanding this deficiency of training, the majority of the residents planned to perform NC and this presaged an expectedly higher rate of complications. Well-thought-out and structured training, comprising lectures, workshops and hands-on training, for the resident doctors and the other providers of NC might address these shortcomings and minimise complications. This may further be strengthened with a government policy on circumcision. The limitations of the study included: (1) It was a self-assessment survey and this introduced bias in the assessment of competency; (2) There were no outcome measures in the survey for those who had practical exposure vs those who did not. Conclusion The resident doctors perceived that their exposure, training and competence in NC might be sub-optimal. Curriculum modification that incorporates appropriate hands-on training in NC might address these deficiencies. © 2015 Journal of Pediatric Urology Company. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Circumcision; Developing country; Neonates; Residency training	adult; Africa south of the Sahara; Article; circumcision; competence; developing country; evaluation study; female; health survey; human; male; medical education; medical personnel; newborn period; Nigeria; obstetrics; pediatrics; perception; priority journal; professional competence; questionnaire; surgery; teaching hospital; training	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903526553	Carbon colonialism and the new land grab: Plantation forestry in Uganda and its livelihood impacts	Lyons K., Westoby P.	2014	Journal of Rural Studies	36	None	10.1016/j.jrurstud.2014.06.002	School of Social Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; University of Free State, South Africa	Lyons, K., School of Social Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Westoby, P., School of Social Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia, University of Free State, South Africa	Private sector investment has become increasingly central to development in the global south, and in recent years these interventions have taken a 'green' turn. This is demonstrated via investment in economic activities associated with environmental claims, including plantation forestry and carbon trading initiatives. Many of these green initiatives represent market-based responses to climate change that rely upon the implementation of mitigation strategies in the global south to offset industrial and polluting activities in the global north. In this paper we explore the activities of Green Resources, the largest plantation forestry operator on the African continent.Through an examination of the activities of Green Resources in Uganda, this paper argues that while private sector international investment in plantation forestry for carbon offsetting is widely supported as responding to the nation's environmental crisis, it is part of a carbon colonialism and neoliberal land grab. There are profound adverse local livelihood outcomes that arise on the basis of this carbon colonialism. After discussing these themes in turn, this paper concludes that the commodification and fetishing of carbon via global carbon markets disconnects northern-based carbon credit consumers from adverse local livelihood impacts for those living in, and adjacent to, forestry plantations. These impacts point to the limits of north-south market-based green development interventions as solutions to climate change. © 2014 .	Carbon colonialism; Carbon markets; Land grabs; Plantation forestry; Privatization; Uganda	emissions trading; environmental economics; investment; plantation forestry; private sector; privatization; agrarian change; carbon emission; climate change; colonialism; land market; pollution tax; Uganda	None
WoS	WOS:000273659900007	Randomized response techniques: An application to the Botswana AIDS impact survey	Arnab, Raghunath,Singh, Sarjinder	2010	JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PLANNING AND INFERENCE	140	4	10.1016/j.jspi.2009.09.019	University of Botswana, Texas A&M Univ, Texas A&M University Kingsville, Texas A&M University System	"Arnab, Raghunath: University of Botswana",	The performance of the sampling strategy used in the Botswana Aids Impact Survey H (BAISII) has been studied in detail under a randomized response technique. We have shown that alternative strategies based on the Rao-Harley-Cochran (RHC) sampling scheme for the selection of first stage units perform much better than other strategies. In particular, the combination RHC for the selection of first stage units (fsu's) and systematic sampling for the selection of second stage units (ssu's) perform the best when the sample size is small where as the RHC and SRSWOR perform the best when the sample size is large. In view of the present findings it is recommended that the BAISII survey should be studied in more detail incorporating more indicators and increased sample sizes. This is because the BAISII survey design is extensively in use for large scales surveys in Southern African countries. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	"multi-stage sampling","RANDOMIZED RESPONSE","RELATIVE EFFICIENCY","SAMPLING DESIGN","VARIANCE ESTIMATION",MODEL	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-81055137582	Evaluation of maize cultivars for their susceptibility towards mycotoxigenic fungi under storage conditions	Dawlal P., Barros E., Marais G.J.	2012	Journal of Stored Products Research	48	None	10.1016/j.jspr.2011.10.006	CSIR Biosciences, PO Box 395, Pretoria, Gauteng 0001, South Africa; University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa	Dawlal, P., CSIR Biosciences, PO Box 395, Pretoria, Gauteng 0001, South Africa; Barros, E., CSIR Biosciences, PO Box 395, Pretoria, Gauteng 0001, South Africa; Marais, G.J., University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa	Maize cultivation comprises the largest area of farmland in South Africa and it is the largest food crop consumed by the majority of its population. However, this food crop is frequently associated with mycotoxin contamination. Mycotoxigenic fungi that are regularly found in South African maize were selected and evaluated against 49 commercially produced maize cultivars for their ability to infest maize during storage. Four of these fungi, known to contaminate maize in the field included Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium verticillioides, Phoma sorghina and Stenocarpella maydis. The other five species included storage fungi such as Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Eurotium repens, Penicillium islandicum and Rhizopus oryzae. A unique method of inoculation was carried out where each maize cultivar was serially inoculated with each of the fungi. Results showed that four maize cultivars had a slower rate of infestation towards the field fungi while three cultivars had a slower rate of infestation towards the storage fungi. Only one of the maize cultivars, PAN 6146, showed an overall slower infestation rate for both field and storage fungi. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	Field fungi; Fungal resistance; Maize; Mycotoxigenic fungi; Storage fungi	Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus ochraceus; Eurotium; Eurotium repens; Fungi; Gibberella fujikuroi; Gibberella moniliformis; Gibberella zeae; Penicillium; Penicillium islandicum; Phoma sorghina; Rhizopus oryzae; Stenocarpella maydis; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952700942	Evaluation of starches obtained from four Dioscorea species as binding agent in chloroquine phosphate tablet formulations	Okunlola A., Odeku O.A.	2011	Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal	19	2	10.1016/j.jsps.2011.01.002	Department of Pharmaceutics Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Okunlola, A., Department of Pharmaceutics Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Odeku, O.A., Department of Pharmaceutics Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Starches obtained from four Dioscorea species namely Dioscorea dumetorum (Bitter), Dioscorea oppositifolia (Chinese), Dioscorea alata (Water), and Dioscorea rotundata (White) have been evaluated as binding agents in chloroquine phosphate tablet formulations in comparison with official corn starch. The compressional properties of the formulations were analyzed using density measurements and the Heckel and Kawakita equations. The mechanical properties of the tablets were assessed using tensile strength, brittle fracture index (BFI), and friability tests while the drug release properties of the tablets were assessed using disintegration and dissolution times. The results indicate that the four starches vary considerably in their physicochemical properties. The ranking for the tensile strength and the disintegration and dissolution times for the formulations was Chinese > Bitter > Corn > White > Water while the ranking was reversed for BFI and friability. The results suggest that Water, White, and Corn could be useful when faster disintegration time of tablets is desired while Chinese and Bitter could be more useful when bond strength is of concern and in minimizing the problems of lamination and capping in tablet formulation. © 2011.	Binding agent; Corn starch; Dioscorea species; Starch; Yam	chloroquine; starch; water; article; Chinese; clinical assessment; clinical evaluation; controlled study; Dioscoreaceae; drug screening; drug solubility; nonhuman; physical chemistry; tablet disintegration; tablet formulation; tablet friability; tensile strength	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84931473198	Building a global surgery initiative through evaluation, collaboration, and training: The massachusetts general hospital experience	Chao T.E., Riesel J.N., Anderson G.A., Mullen J.T., Doyle J., Briggs S.M., Lillemoe K.D., Goldstein C., Kitya D., Cusack J.C., Jr.	2015	Journal of Surgical Education	72	4	10.1016/j.jsurg.2014.12.018	Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 425, Boston, MA, United States; Kartis, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States; Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda	Chao, T.E., Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 425, Boston, MA, United States; Riesel, J.N., Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 425, Boston, MA, United States; Anderson, G.A., Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 425, Boston, MA, United States; Mullen, J.T., Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 425, Boston, MA, United States; Doyle, J., Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 425, Boston, MA, United States; Briggs, S.M., Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 425, Boston, MA, United States; Lillemoe, K.D., Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 425, Boston, MA, United States; Goldstein, C., Kartis, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States; Kitya, D., Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; Cusack, J.C., Jr., Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 425, Boston, MA, United States	Objective The Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Department of Surgery established the Global Surgery Initiative (GSI) in 2013 to transform volunteer and mission-based global surgery efforts into an educational experience in surgical systems strengthening. The objective of this newly conceived mission is not only to perform advanced surgery but also to train surgeons beyond MGH through international partnerships across disciplines. At its inception, a clear pathway to achieve this was not established, and we sought to identify steps that were critical to realizing our mission statement. Setting Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA and Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Mbarara, Uganda Participants Members of the MGH and MRRH Departments of Surgery including faculty, fellows, and residents Results The MGH GSI steering committee identified 4 steps for sustaining a robust global surgery program: (1) administer a survey to the MGH departmental faculty, fellows, and residents to gauge levels of experience and interest, (2) catalog all ongoing global surgical efforts and projects involving MGH surgical faculty, fellows, and residents to identify areas of overlap and opportunities for collaboration, (3) establish a longitudinal partnership with an academic surgical department in a limited-resource setting (Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST) at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH)), and (4) design a formal curriculum in global surgery to provide interested surgical residents with structured opportunities for research, education, and clinical work. Conclusions By organizing the collective experiences of colleagues, synchronizing efforts of new and former efforts, and leveraging the funding resources available at the local institution, the MGH GSI hopes to provide academic benefit to our foreign partners as well as our trainees through longitudinal collaboration. Providing additional financial and organizational support might encourage more surgeons to become involved in global surgery efforts. Creating a partnership with a hospital in a limited-resource setting and establishing a formal global surgery curriculum for our residents allows for education and longitudinal collaboration. We believe this is a replicable model for building other academic global surgery endeavors that aim to strengthen health and surgical systems beyond their own institutions. © 2015 Association of Program Directors in Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	academic global surgery; cross-country collaboration; global surgery; LMIC partnership; mapping; surgical education	Article; curriculum; general hospital; health care planning; human; medical education; medical school; medical specialist; normal human; priority journal; public-private partnership; residency education; resident; surgery; surgical training; surgical ward; work; work experience	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84931572889	Identifying gaps in the surgical training curriculum in Rwanda through evaluation of operative activity at a teaching hospital	Rickard J.L., Ntakiyiruta G., Chu K.M.	2015	Journal of Surgical Education	72	4	10.1016/j.jsurg.2015.01.013	Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda; Department of Surgery, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, PO Box 655, Kigali, Rwanda; Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States	Rickard, J.L., Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda, Department of Surgery, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, PO Box 655, Kigali, Rwanda, Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Ntakiyiruta, G., Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda, Department of Surgery, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, PO Box 655, Kigali, Rwanda; Chu, K.M., Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States	Objective To define the operations performed by surgical residents at a tertiary referral hospital in Rwanda to help guide development of the residency program. Design Cross-sectional study of all patients operated by surgical residents from October 2012 to September 2013. Setting University Teaching Hospital of Kigali (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali [CHUK]), a public, tertiary referral hospital in Kigali, Rwanda. Participants All patient data were entered into the operative database by surgical residents at CHUK. A total of 2833 cases were entered into the surgical database. Of them, 53 cases were excluded from further analysis because no surgical resident was listed as the primary or assistant surgeon, leaving 2780 cases for analysis. Results There were 2780 operations involving surgical residents. Of them, 51% of procedures were classified under general surgery, 38% orthopedics, 7% neurosurgery, and 4% urology. Emergency operations accounted for 64% of the procedures, with 56% of those being general surgery and 35% orthopedic. Further, 50% of all operations were trauma, with 71% of those orthopedic and 21% general surgery. Surgical faculty were involved in 45% of operations as either the primary or the assistant surgeons, while the remainder of operations did not involve surgical faculty. Residents were primary surgeons in 68% of procedures and assistant surgeons in 84% of procedures. Conclusions The operative experience of surgery residents at CHUK primarily involves emergency and trauma procedures. Although this likely reflects the demographics of surgical care within Rwanda, more focus should be placed on elective procedures to ensure that surgical residents are broadly trained. © 2015 Association of Program Directors in Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	global health; internship and residency; Rwanda; surgical education; teaching hospitals	acute abdomen; adolescent; adult; Article; child; cross-sectional study; curriculum; data base; debridement; dislocation; emergency surgery; female; fracture; general surgery; human; laparotomy; male; neurosurgery; open reduction; orthopedic surgery; patient coding; priority journal; resident; Rwanda; surgeon; surgery; surgical training; teaching hospital; tertiary care center; urologic surgery	None
WoS	WOS:000284513700001	HIV/AIDS dynamics Impact of economic classes with transmission from poor clinical settings	Pedro, S. A.,Tchuenche, J. M.	2010	JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY	267	4	10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.09.019	University of Dar es Salaam, Eduardo Mondlane Univ	"Tchuenche, J. M.: University of Dar es Salaam",	We formulate and analyze a nonlinear deterministic HIV/AIDS model with two social classes namely the poor and the rich including transmission from poor clinical settings with a randomly variable population Four sub-models are derived from the full model the disease threshold parameters are computed and it is shown that the disease will die down if these initial threshold parameters are less than unity and will persist if they exceed unity The impact of economic classes (along with transmission from poor/inadequate clinical settings) on the disease dynamics is assessed and we observe that even with a single sexual partner the reproduction number is slightly greater than unity implying that the additional transmission can only be from clinical settings Stability (local and global) of both the disease-free and endemic equilibria are then investigated using various techniques of dynamical systems such as Centre Manifold theory and Lyapunov s second method Analysis on the bifurcation parameter is carried out to assess the impact of related HIV transmission from poor clinical settings We estimate some of the model parameter values and numerical simulations of the model are represented graphically Our results show that the prevalence of HIV in rich communities seems to be higher than that in the poor but the disease develops faster in impoverished individuals (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved	"economic classes",HIV/AIDS,"LYAPUNOV FUNCTION","Poor clinical settings",STABILITY,EPIDEMIC,"HIV TRANSMISSION",INFECTIOUS-DISEASES,MODELS,RISK,SPREAD,VIRUS,WORKERS	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953252832	Modelling the impact of acute infection dynamics on the accumulation of HIV-1 mutations	Shiri T., Welte A.	2011	Journal of Theoretical Biology	279	1	10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.03.011	School of Computational and Applied Mathematics (CAM), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; South African Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Shiri, T., School of Computational and Applied Mathematics (CAM), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, South African Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Welte, A., School of Computational and Applied Mathematics (CAM), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, South African Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Events over the past year have brought hope and have re-energized the interest in targeting pre-infection or early infection period with preventative or therapeutic interventions such as vaccines and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). In breakthrough infections, the incidence, long term prognosis and clinical significance of early infection events is not well understood but it is possible that these early events may be crucial in determining the subsequent course of disease. We use a branching process model in a deterministically varying environment to explore how the dynamics of early infection affects the accumulation of mutations which lay the seeds for long term evolution of drug resistance and immune system evasion. We relate this exploration to regimes of impact, on diversity, of tropical interventions strategies such as PrEP and vaccines. As a metric of diversity we compute the probability of existence of particular genomes which potentially arise. Using several model scenarios, we demonstrate various regimes of 'response' of evolution to 'intervention'. Transient effects of therapeutic interventions early in infection that impose a fitness cost on early viruses can significantly reduce the probability of diversity later during the chronic state of infection. This stands in contrast to the concern that early selective pressure may increase the probability of later existence of drug resistance mutations, for example. The branching process paradigm offers the ability to efficiently compute important indicators of viral diversity, in a framework with a modest number of simplifying assumptions, without simulating the full range of individual level scenarios. These models may be useful to illustrate the impact of vaccines and PrEP on viral evolution in the case of breakthrough infection. They also suggest that new measures of viral diversity which correlate to prognosis should be sought in trials for PrEP and vaccines. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	Branching process; Diversity; Effective reproductive number; PrEP; Vaccine	emtricitabine; Human immunodeficiency virus vaccine; tenofovir disoproxil; drug resistance; genome; human immunodeficiency virus; modeling; mutation; vaccine; antiviral resistance; article; chronicity; early intervention; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection; immunoprophylaxis; infection control; infection prevention; infection risk; mathematical model; microbial diversity; molecular dynamics; molecular evolution; nonhuman; priority journal; probability; prognosis; risk reduction; virus genome; virus mutation; virus replication; virus strain; virus transmission; wild type; AIDS Vaccines; Basic Reproduction Number; Computer Simulation; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Models, Biological; Mutation; Stochastic Processes; Virus Replication; Human immunodeficiency virus 1	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908510997	Improving the braking performance of a vehicle with ABS and a semi-active suspension system on a rough road	Hamersma H.A., Schalk Els P.	2014	Journal of Terramechanics	56	None	10.1016/j.jterra.2014.09.004	Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Hamersma, H.A., Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Schalk Els, P., Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Rapid advances have been made in the field of vehicle dynamics in terms of improving the ride, handling and safety using actuators and control systems. Optimising a vehicle's ride comfort or handling has led to the development of semi-active suspension systems. Anti-lock braking systems (ABS) have resulted in significant improvements in vehicle braking whilst maintaining directional control over the vehicle. These advances have improved vehicle and occupant safety in general, but there are often some trade-offs. For example, the stopping distance of a vehicle fitted with ABS on an undulating road is significantly increased compared to braking without ABS. This has severe implications, especially in the off-road vehicle industry. The effects of spring and damper characteristics on the braking performance of a sports-utility-vehicle (SUV) on hard rough terrain are investigated. The approach is simulation based, using an experimentally validated full vehicle model of the SUV, built in Adams in co-simulation with MATLAB and Simulink. The simulations were performed on measured road profiles of a Belgian paving and parallel corrugations (or a washboard road). The results indicate that the suspension system has a significant impact on the braking performance, resulting in differences in stopping distances of up to 9 m. © 2014 ISTVS. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	ABS systems; Multi-body dynamics modelling; Off-road vehicles; Semi-active suspension; Tyre modelling	Multi-body dynamic; Rough roads; Semi active suspension; Semi-active suspension systems	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873736578	A capability perspective on performance deficiencies in utility firms	Worch H., Truffer B., Kabinga M., Eberhard A., Markard J.	2013	Utilities Policy	25	None	10.1016/j.jup.2012.12.001	Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Environmental Social Sciences (ESS), Cirus - Innovation Research in Utility Sectors, Überlandstrasse 133, P.O. Box 611, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; University of Cape Town, Graduate School of Business, Management Programme in Infrastructure Reform and Regulation Breakwater Campus, Portswood Road, Cape Town, South Africa; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Department of Management, Technology and Economics, Chair of Sustainability and Technology, Weinbergstrasse 56/58, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland	Worch, H., Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Environmental Social Sciences (ESS), Cirus - Innovation Research in Utility Sectors, Überlandstrasse 133, P.O. Box 611, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Truffer, B., Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Environmental Social Sciences (ESS), Cirus - Innovation Research in Utility Sectors, Überlandstrasse 133, P.O. Box 611, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Kabinga, M., University of Cape Town, Graduate School of Business, Management Programme in Infrastructure Reform and Regulation Breakwater Campus, Portswood Road, Cape Town, South Africa; Eberhard, A., University of Cape Town, Graduate School of Business, Management Programme in Infrastructure Reform and Regulation Breakwater Campus, Portswood Road, Cape Town, South Africa; Markard, J., Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Department of Management, Technology and Economics, Chair of Sustainability and Technology, Weinbergstrasse 56/58, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland	This paper proposes a capability-based framework to explain performance deficiencies in utility firms as a result of policy and regulatory changes. The framework complements conventional explanations such as transaction cost and agency approaches, which suggest that appropriate incentives and regulations increase the performance of public utilities after relatively short adaptation processes. In contrast, we argue that capability gaps - understood as an inadequate availability of competences, skills and experiences - tend to have long-lasting effects on firm performance. A crucial implication of the capability perspective is that regulatory interventions that create capability gaps at the firm level may affect utility performance - and the ability of infrastructure sectors to provide adequate services - more severely than expected by traditional approaches. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Capabilities; Performance; Regulation; Utilities	incentive; industrial performance; industrial policy; regulatory framework; transaction cost; utility sector	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940752185	The impact of residential photovoltaic power on electricity sales revenues in Cape Town, South Africa	Mayr D., Schmid E., Trollip H., Zeyringer M., Schmidt J.	2015	Utilities Policy	36	None	10.1016/j.jup.2015.08.001	Institute for Sustainable Economic Development, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Energy Institute, University College London, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London, United Kingdom; Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Energy Planning Program, Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil	Mayr, D., Institute for Sustainable Economic Development, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria, Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Schmid, E., Institute for Sustainable Economic Development, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Trollip, H., Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Zeyringer, M., Energy Institute, University College London, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London, United Kingdom; Schmidt, J., Institute for Sustainable Economic Development, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria, Energy Planning Program, Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil	In South Africa, electricity is provided as a public service by municipalities. The combination of (a) rising electricity rates, (b) decreasing photovoltaic technology costs, and (c) a progressive tariff system (under which wealthier households support low tariff rates for indigent residents) leads to incentives for high-income households to cover part of their electricity demand by self-produced photovoltaic (solar) electricity. This development is simulated with hourly load profiles and radiation data, and an optimization model for a case study in Cape Town through the year 2030. Results indicate that the majority of higher-income residents are incentivized to invest in photovoltaic power production by 2020 and additionally use home battery systems by 2028. This leads to a steadily increasing gap between revenues and expenditure needs in the budget of the municipality. The budget gap can be reduced by replacing the energy-based tariff with a revenue-neutral fixed network-connection fee implementation of which is particularly effective in reducing incentives to invest in storage. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.	Public revenues; Residential photovoltaic; South Africa	electricity; energy market; household income; optimization; photovoltaic system; policy implementation; residential energy; Cape Town; South Africa; Western Cape	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84915784151	Economic evaluation of a cluster randomized trial of interventions to improve health workers' practice in diagnosing and treating uncomplicated malaria in cameroon	Mangham-Jefferies L., Wiseman V., Achonduh O.A., Drake T.L., Cundill B., Onwujekwe O., Mbacham W.	2014	Value in Health	17	8	10.1016/j.jval.2014.07.010	Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, United Kingdom; Laboratory for Public Health Research Biotechnologies, University of Yaoundé i, Biotechnology Center, Yaoundé, Came	Mangham-Jefferies, L., Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, United Kingdom; Wiseman, V., Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, United Kingdom; Achonduh, O.A., Laboratory for Public Health Research Biotechnologies, University of Yaoundé i, Biotechnology Center, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Drake, T.L., Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, United Kingdom, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, United Kingdom, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Rajwithi Road, Bangkok, Thailand; Cundill, B., Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Onwujekwe, O., Department of Health Administration and Management, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria (Enugu Campus), Enugu, Nigeria; Mbacham, W., Laboratory for Public Health Research Biotechnologies, University of Yaoundé i, Biotechnology Center, Yaoundé, Cameroon	Background Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are a valid alternative to malaria testing with microscopy and are recommended for the testing of febrile patients before prescribing an antimalarial. There is a need for interventions to support the uptake of RDTs by health workers.Objective To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of introducing RDTs with basic or enhanced training in health facilities in which microscopy was available, compared with current practice.Methods A three-arm cluster randomized trial was conducted in 46 facilities in central and northwest Cameroon. Basic training had a practical session on RDTs and lectures on malaria treatment guidelines. Enhanced training included small-group activities designed to change health workers' practice and reduce the consumption of antimalarials among test-negative patients. The primary outcome was the proportion of febrile patients correctly treated: febrile patients should be tested for malaria, artemisinin combination therapy should be prescribed for confirmed cases, and no antimalarial should be prescribed for patients who are test-negative. Individual patient data were obtained from facility records and an exit survey. Costs were estimated from a societal perspective using project reports and patient exit data. The analysis used bivariate multilevel modeling and adjusted for imbalance in baseline covariates.Results Incremental cost per febrile patient correctly treated was $8.40 for the basic arm and $3.71 for the enhanced arm. On scale-up, it was estimated that RDTs with enhanced training would save $0.75 per additional febrile patient correctly treated.Conclusions Introducing RDTs with enhanced training was more cost-effective than RDTs with basic training when each was compared with current practice. © 2014 International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR).	Cameroon cluster-randomized trial; cost-effectiveness analysis; health worker training; malaria practice; words	antimalarial agent; artemisinin; adolescent; adult; Article; Cameroon; child; controlled study; cost effectiveness analysis; economic evaluation; female; health care cost; health care facility; health care personnel; human; infant; major clinical study; malaria; malaria rapid test; male; medical education; microscopy; outcome assessment; practice guideline; randomized controlled trial; scale up	ACT, Arts and Culture Trust
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926613321	Constructionist career counseling of undergraduate students: An experimental evaluation	Obi O.P.	2015	Journal of Vocational Behavior	88	None	10.1016/j.jvb.2015.03.009	Department of Educational Foundations, College of Agricultural and Science Education, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria	Obi, O.P., Department of Educational Foundations, College of Agricultural and Science Education, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria	This study used a pretest-posttest control group design to examine the effectiveness of a six-session constructionist career counseling intervention (Savickas, 2011). It was hypothesized that relative to pre-intervention scores, the participants would demonstrate decreases in their indecision, anxiety, uncertainty, and insecurity about their career choices. Participants consisted of 50 undergraduates ranging in age from 19 to 25. They completed the Undergraduate Career Choice Survey (UCCS) and then were evenly divided into an intervention group and a control group. The intervention group received six sessions of constructionist career counseling. Each session was approximately 45. min with a total of 4. h, 30. min approximately for the six sessions. Both groups then took the UCCS again. Analyses of the data using t-tests revealed significant reductions in indecision, anxiety, uncertainty, and insecurity for the intervention group but not for the control group. The intervention group took the UCCS again eight weeks later. An ANOVA indicated that the reductions in indecision, anxiety, uncertainty, and insecurity were slightly yet significantly greater. Limitations and directions for further research were pointed out. © 2015 Elsevier Inc.	Career indecision; Constructionist career counseling; Narrative career counseling	None	None
None	None	Influences of castration on the performance of landmine-detection rats (Cricetomys gambianus)	Edwards T.L., Cox C., Weetjens B., Poling A.	2015	Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research	10	4	10.1016/j.jveb.2015.04.002	Anti-Persoonsmijnen Ontmijnende Product Ontwikkeling, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Psychology, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States	Edwards, T.L., Anti-Persoonsmijnen Ontmijnende Product Ontwikkeling, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Cox, C., Anti-Persoonsmijnen Ontmijnende Product Ontwikkeling, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Weetjens, B., Anti-Persoonsmijnen Ontmijnende Product Ontwikkeling, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Poling, A., Anti-Persoonsmijnen Ontmijnende Product Ontwikkeling, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania, Department of Psychology, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States	Anti-Persoonsmijnen Ontmijnende Product Ontwikkeling has employed pouched rats as mine-detection animals for approximately 10years in sub-Saharan Africa, where the species is indigenous, and now plans to deploy the rats in areas where they are not indigenous. To prevent the possible introduction of an invasive species in those regions, all rats must be castrated before deployment. The research described in the present article was conducted to determine whether castration affects the performance of pouched rats as mine-detection animals. Five sex-, age-, and performance-matched pairs of pouched rats, 3 male pairs and 2 female pairs, were randomly divided into 2 groups: the experimental group undergoing castration procedures and the control group remaining out of training for the same duration as the experimental group. No statistically significant differences were found between the performance of experimental and control groups after the intervention despite high statistical power to detect such a difference, and equivalence tests suggest that any possible effects are of no practical significance. © 2015 Elsevier Inc.	Castration; Landmines; Mine-detection animals; Neutering; Pouched rats (Cricetomys gambianus); Scent detection	Animalia; Cricetomys gambianus; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-12344276549	Evaluation of the NucliSens EasyQ assay in HIV-1-infected individuals in South Africa	Stevens W., Wiggill T., Horsfield P., Coetzee L., Scott L.E.	2005	Journal of Virological Methods	124	42371	10.1016/j.jviromet.2004.11.009	Dept. of Molec. Med. and Haematology, School of Pathology, Fac. Hlth. Sci., Univ. W., York Rd., Parktown 2193, South Africa	Stevens, W., Dept. of Molec. Med. and Haematology, School of Pathology, Fac. Hlth. Sci., Univ. W., York Rd., Parktown 2193, South Africa; Wiggill, T., Dept. of Molec. Med. and Haematology, School of Pathology, Fac. Hlth. Sci., Univ. W., York Rd., Parktown 2193, South Africa; Horsfield, P., Dept. of Molec. Med. and Haematology, School of Pathology, Fac. Hlth. Sci., Univ. W., York Rd., Parktown 2193, South Africa; Coetzee, L., Dept. of Molec. Med. and Haematology, School of Pathology, Fac. Hlth. Sci., Univ. W., York Rd., Parktown 2193, South Africa; Scott, L.E., Dept. of Molec. Med. and Haematology, School of Pathology, Fac. Hlth. Sci., Univ. W., York Rd., Parktown 2193, South Africa	We compared the performance of the NucliSens EasyQ assay (bioMerieux) combined with the manual NucliSens miniMag extraction methodology to the Roche Cobas Ampliprep/Standard Amplicor Monitor methodology (Roche Diagnostics) for HIV-1 RNA quantitation in HIV-1-infected individuals in South Africa. Plasma samples (284) from HIV sero-positive patients at different stages of infection were analyzed. The distribution of results was typical of the clinical samples received at the laboratory where 20% have viral load results &lt;400 copies/ml (2.6 log) and 18% have viral load results &gt;750 000 copies/ml (5.8 log) using the Roche Amplicor Monitor standard assay. All statistical analyses were performed using log10-transformed values for all the variables in the analyses, i.e. log10EasyQIU/ml, and log10RNA (log 10 copies/ml, Amplicor). Roche values were converted from RNA copies per ml to IU/ml by multiplying the Roche value by 0.51. HIV RNA levels quantitated by the NucliSens EasyQ assay correlated significantly with those of the Roche Cobas Amplicor Monitor assay (r = 0.874, p &lt; 0.0001). Reproducibility of the NucliSens EasyQ assay in the log 6 IU range yielded CV variance of 1.3-2.84% for two well-trained technologists. In addition, a retrospective evaluation of the performance of the NucliSens EasyQ assay in 102 runs (2448) samples was conducted in the laboratory over a 4-month interval. Factors considered during this evaluation included time taken to perform the assay, volume requirements, number of required repeats, potential for contamination. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	HIV viral load laboratory measurement; Method comparison; NucliSens EasyQ; Resource limited setting; Roche Amplicor	virus RNA; article; assay; blood sampling; controlled study; correlation analysis; extraction; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; intermethod comparison; laboratory test; priority journal; quantitative analysis; reproducibility; South Africa; statistical analysis; virus load; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; HIV-1; Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Retrospective Studies; RNA, Viral; Viral Load; Human immunodeficiency virus 1	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-15544372783	Evaluation of an oligonucleotide ligation assay for detection of mutations in HIV-1 subtype C individuals who have high level resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors	Wallis C.L., Mahomed I., Morris L., Chidarikire T., Stevens G., Rekhviashvili N., Stevens W.	2005	Journal of Virological Methods	125	2	10.1016/j.jviromet.2005.01.004	Dept. of Molec. Med. and Haematology, School of Pathology, Univ. of the Witwatersrand Med. Sch., South Africa; National Health Laboratory Services, South Africa	Wallis, C.L., Dept. of Molec. Med. and Haematology, School of Pathology, Univ. of the Witwatersrand Med. Sch., South Africa; Mahomed, I., Dept. of Molec. Med. and Haematology, School of Pathology, Univ. of the Witwatersrand Med. Sch., South Africa; Morris, L., National Health Laboratory Services, South Africa; Chidarikire, T., National Health Laboratory Services, South Africa; Stevens, G., National Health Laboratory Services, South Africa; Rekhviashvili, N., National Health Laboratory Services, South Africa; Stevens, W., Dept. of Molec. Med. and Haematology, School of Pathology, Univ. of the Witwatersrand Med. Sch., South Africa	The oligonucleotide ligation assay (OLA) has been proposed as an affordable alternative to sequence-based HIV-1 drug resistance testing in resource poor settings. The aim was to evaluate OLA for detecting mutations K103N, Y181C, K65R, Q151M, M184V and T215Y/F in subtype C. Forty-four subtype C and 8 subtype B HIV-1 positive individuals were analysed using the ViroSeq™ HIV-1 genotyping assay (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). A one-step RT-PCR and nested PCR were performed using subtype B specific primers from the OLA kit (NIH AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program). Seventy-eight subtype C sequences were used to design subtype C specific primers. Ligation and detection steps were followed according to OLA kit protocol. For codons, K103N, Y181C, K65R, Q151M, M184V and T215Y/F, four or more mismatches compared to the probe or mismatches less than four bases from the ligation site were not tolerated. Results revealed accurate identification of mutations in 2/10, 4/9 3/9, 6/7, 2/7 and 6/7 VQA samples and 5/20, 4/17 0/20, 18/24, 5/24 and 13/24 subtype C positive individuals, respectively. It was concluded that the probes and primers in the NIH reference kit would need modification to optimize detection of mutations in subtype C individuals. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Drug resistance; HIV-1; OLA; Subtype C	RNA directed DNA polymerase inhibitor; article; codon; genotype; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; nonhuman; oligonucleotide ligation assay; polymerase chain reaction; priority journal; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; serotype; virus mutation; Anti-HIV Agents; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral; HIV-1; Humans; Molecular Biology; Mutation; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Oligonucleotide Probes; Oligonucleotides; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Human immunodeficiency virus 1	None
None	None	Evaluation of HIV antibody and antigen/antibody combination ELISAs for use in an alternative confirmatory HIV testing strategy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Aboud S., Urassa W., Lyamuya E., Mhalu F., Biberfeld G.	2006	Journal of Virological Methods	135	2	10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.03.005	Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Microbiology, Tumorbiology Centre, Karolinska Institute, Nobels väg 18, SE-171 82 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden	Aboud, S., Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Urassa, W., Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Lyamuya, E., Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Mhalu, F., Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Biberfeld, G., Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Microbiology, Tumorbiology Centre, Karolinska Institute, Nobels väg 18, SE-171 82 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden	The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of two antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) [Vironostika Uni-Form II plus O and Enzygnost® anti-HIV-1/2 Plus], and two antigen/antibody combination ELISAs [Murex and Vironostika HIV Uni-Form II] for use in an alternative confirmatory HIV diagnostic testing strategy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Altogether, 1380 serum samples were included. All ELISA reactive samples were tested using the Inno-Lia antibody assay and discrepant samples were tested on the Innotest p24 antigen assay. Three hundred and one (21.8%) samples were confirmed HIV-1 antibody positive by Inno-Lia including 27/508 (5.3%) from blood donors, 65/511 (12.7%) from pregnant women and 209/361 (57.9%) from hospital patients. The sensitivity at initial testing was 100% (95% CI; 98.8-100%) for all assays except Vironostika Uni-Form II plus O (99.7%; 95% CI; 98.2-99.9%) which showed one false negative sample at initial testing but 100% sensitivity after repeat testing. The final specificity at repeat testing was 100% (95% CI; 99.7-100%) for Enzygnost® anti-HIV-1/2 Plus, 99.4% (95% CI; 98.8-99.8%) for each of the antigen/antibody combination ELISAs and 97.9% (95% CI; 96.8-98.6%) for Vironostika plus O ELISA. An alternative confirmatory HIV testing strategy based on initial testing on any of the two antigen/antibody assays followed by testing of reactive samples on the Enzygnost® anti-HIV-1/2 Plus assay gave 100% specificity (95% CI; 99.7-100%). © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Alternative confirmatory strategy; HIV antigen/antibody combination assay; p24 antigen	antigen p24; Human immunodeficiency virus antibody; Human immunodeficiency virus antigen; antigen antibody complex; antigen binding; article; blood donor; blood sampling; clinical article; confidence interval; diagnostic test; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; false negative result; female; hospital patient; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus 2; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunoassay; pregnant woman; priority journal; sensitivity analysis; sensitivity and specificity; Tanzania; AIDS Serodiagnosis; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; HIV Antibodies; HIV Core Protein p24; HIV-1; HIV-2; Humans; Sensitivity and Specificity; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Murex	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846614909	Preparation and evaluation of a recombinant Rift Valley fever virus N protein for the detection of IgG and IgM antibodies in humans and animals by indirect ELISA	Jansen van Vuren P., Potgieter A.C., Paweska J.T., van Dijk A.A.	2007	Journal of Virological Methods	140	42371	10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.11.005	North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa; Biochemistry Division, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Special Pathogens Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, 2131, South Africa	Jansen van Vuren, P., North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa; Potgieter, A.C., Biochemistry Division, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Paweska, J.T., Special Pathogens Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, 2131, South Africa; van Dijk, A.A., North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa	This paper describes the cloning, sequencing and bacterial expression of the N protein of the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) ZIM688/78 isolate and its evaluation in indirect ELISAs (I-ELISA) for the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies in human and sheep sera. Sera used for the evaluation were from 106 laboratory workers immunised with an inactivated RVF vaccine, 16 RVF patients, 168 serial bleeds from 8 sheep experimentally infected with wild type RVFV and 210 serial bleeds from 10 sheep vaccinated with the live attenuated Smithburn RVFV strain. All human and animal sera that tested positive in the virus neutralisation test were also positive in the IgG I-ELISA. There was a high correlation (R2 = 0.8571) between virus neutralising titres and IgG I-ELISA readings in human vaccinees. In experimentally infected sheep IgG antibodies were detected from day 4 to 5 post-infection onwards and IgM antibodies from day 3 to 4. The IgG I-ELISA was more sensitive than virus neutralisation and haemagglutination-inhibition tests in detecting the early immune response in experimentally infected sheep. The I-ELISAs demonstrated that the IgG and IgM response to the Smithburn vaccine strain was slower and the levels of antibodies induced markedly lower than to wild type RVFV infection. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Humans; IgM and IgG indirect ELISA; Recombinant N protein; Rift Valley fever virus; Sheep	guanine nucleotide binding protein; immunoglobulin G antibody; immunoglobulin M antibody; inactivated vaccine; live vaccine; recombinant protein; rift valley fever virus vaccine; smithburn vaccine; unclassified drug; virus protein; animal experiment; animal model; antibody detection; article; clinical article; correlation coefficient; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; hemagglutination inhibition test; human; immune response; immunization; molecular cloning; nonhuman; nucleotide sequence; priority journal; protein expression; Rift Valley fever bunyavirus; sequence analysis; virus neutralization; wild type; Animals; Antibodies, Viral; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Evaluation Studies; Hemagglutination Tests; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Neutralization Tests; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; Nucleocapsid Proteins; Recombinant Proteins; Reproducibility of Results; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Rift Valley Fever; Rift Valley fever virus; RNA, Viral; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sheep; Time Factors; Vaccination; Animalia; Bacteria (microorganisms); Ovis aries; Rift Valley fever virus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-35649012028	Clinical performance of an in-house real-time RT-PCR assay using a fluorogenic LUX™ primer for quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1)	Rekhviashvili N., Stevens W., Marinda E., Gonin R., Stevens G., McIntyre J., Wood R.	2007	Journal of Virological Methods	146	42371	10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.05.024	Department of Molecular Medicine and Hematology, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), University of the Witwatersrand (WITS), 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand (WITS), Faculty of Health Science, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa; Westat, Rockville, MD 20850, United States; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Unit 006, Magaliszicht Avenue, Albury Park, Dunkel West, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), WITS University, WITS Health Consortium, Old Potch Road, Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa; The Desmond Tutu HIV Center, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Rekhviashvili, N., Department of Molecular Medicine and Hematology, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), University of the Witwatersrand (WITS), 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Stevens, W., Department of Molecular Medicine and Hematology, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), University of the Witwatersrand (WITS), 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Marinda, E., School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand (WITS), Faculty of Health Science, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa; Gonin, R., Westat, Rockville, MD 20850, United States; Stevens, G., International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Unit 006, Magaliszicht Avenue, Albury Park, Dunkel West, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa; McIntyre, J., Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), WITS University, WITS Health Consortium, Old Potch Road, Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa; Wood, R., The Desmond Tutu HIV Center, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa	The South African National Antiretroviral Treatment Guideline recommends the use of HIV viral load assays for routine monitoring of HIV-1 positive patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART). Approved commercial HIV-1 viral load assays are expensive for developing countries where a large number of patients are treated in the public sector. The evaluation of an in-house HIV-1 viral load assay (LUX assay) is described using 458 plasma specimens. Good specificity of the LUX assay was demonstrated using 50 seronegative plasma specimens. A group of 142 HIV-1 positive patients was used to assess the agreement between the LUX assay and the COBAS Amplicor assay. An intra class correlation (ICC) coefficient of 0.85 (CI 95%) indicated good agreement between the assays. The Bland-Altman model showed good agreement between the assays for ∼87% of the results (mean 0.03 [-1.26; 1.32], CI 95%). In a cohort of 55 patients followed-up longitudinally the LUX assay showed similar declines in viral load to the COBAS Amplicor assay in response to therapy. Viral rebound was detected in 5 patients out of 55 by both assays. Thus, the LUX assay compares well to the gold standard and represents an affordable alternative for high volume testing in resource limited settings. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Affordable; HIV-1 viral load; LUX primer; Quantitative real-time RT-PCR	antiretrovirus agent; article; blood sampling; controlled study; correlation coefficient; gold standard; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; model; nonhuman; priority journal; quantitative analysis; real time polymerase chain reaction; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; sensitivity and specificity; serology; treatment outcome; virus load; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sensitivity and Specificity; Viral Load; Human immunodeficiency virus 1	None
None	None	Evaluation of the Abbott m2000rt RealTime™ HIV-1 assay with manual sample preparation compared with the ROCHE COBAS® AmpliPrep™/AMPLICOR™ HIV-1 MONITOR® v1.5 using specimens from East Africa	Crump J.A., Scott L.E., Msuya E., Morrissey A.B., Kimaro E.E., Shao J.F., Stevens W.S.	2009	Journal of Virological Methods	162	42371	10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.08.013	Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 102359, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Box 90519, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, PO Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania; Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, Tumaini University, PO Box 2240, Moshi, Tanzania; Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Private Bag 3, Parktown, Wits 2050, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Service, 1 Modderfontein Road, Sandringham, South Africa	Crump, J.A., Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 102359, Durham, NC 27710, United States, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Box 90519, Durham, NC 27710, United States, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, PO Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, Tumaini University, PO Box 2240, Moshi, Tanzania; Scott, L.E., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Private Bag 3, Parktown, Wits 2050, South Africa; Msuya, E., Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, PO Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania; Morrissey, A.B., Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 102359, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Kimaro, E.E., Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, PO Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania; Shao, J.F., Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, PO Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, Tumaini University, PO Box 2240, Moshi, Tanzania; Stevens, W.S., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Private Bag 3, Parktown, Wits 2050, South Africa, National Health Laboratory Service, 1 Modderfontein Road, Sandringham, South Africa	The performance of the Abbott m2000rt RealTime™ HIV-1 assay (RealTime HIV-1) with manual sample preparation was compared against the ROCHE COBAS® AmpliPrep™/AMPLICOR™ HIV-1 MONITOR® Test v1.5 (CAP/CA HIV-1) using samples collected from 100 donors infected with HIV and 20 donors not infected with HIV in northern Tanzania where HIV-1 subtypes A, C, D, and their recombinant forms predominate. The RealTime HIV-1 appeared to have more within-run variability at high HIV-1 RNA concentrations, but total assay variability over the dynamic range tested was within the manufacturer's claim of &lt;0.3 SD copies/mL. Accuracy studies showed 100% concordance for positive and negative values. When continuous values were examined, CAP/CA HIV-1 yielded higher values than the RealTime HIV-1 at higher nominal HIV-1 RNA concentrations. The RealTime HIV-1 assay showed excellent linearity between 2.5 and 7.0 log copies/mL. Of negative samples, 100% showed negative results, and &gt;95% of samples with nominal concentrations of 40 copies/mL were detected at ≥40 copies/mL by RealTime HIV-1. Manual sample preparation may contribute to higher total assay variability. This study suggests that the Abbott m2000rt RealTime HIV-1 assay with manual sample preparation is an acceptable and feasible alternative to the conventional ROCHE COBAS AmpliPrep/AMLICOR HIV-1 Monitor v1.5 assay and that the RealTime HIV-1 assay performs well on samples from East Africa. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	HIV; Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; Tanzania; Validation studies; Viral load	virus RNA; accuracy; Africa; article; blood sampling; comparative study; controlled study; donor; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection; major clinical study; nonhuman; priority journal; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; RNA extraction; standard; Tanzania; Blood Donors; Genotype; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Reproducibility of Results; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Viral; Tanzania; Viral Load; Human immunodeficiency virus 1	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-73249144782	Performance of HSV-2 type specific serological tests in men in Kenya	Ng'ayo M.O., Friedrich D., Holmes K.K., Bukusi E., Morrow R.A.	2010	Journal of Virological Methods	163	2	10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.10.009	Kenya Medical Research Institute, Lumumba Health Center, CMR-UCSF Building, Box 614 - 40100, Kisumu, Kenya; Seattle Children's, MailstopW8814, Seattle, WA 98105 - 0371, United States; Center for AIDS, STD, University of Washington, Box 356355 Seattle, WA 98195 - 6355, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nairobi, Box 1976 - 00202, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Box 358080, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, United States	Ng'ayo, M.O., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Lumumba Health Center, CMR-UCSF Building, Box 614 - 40100, Kisumu, Kenya; Friedrich, D., Seattle Children's, MailstopW8814, Seattle, WA 98105 - 0371, United States; Holmes, K.K., Center for AIDS, STD, University of Washington, Box 356355 Seattle, WA 98195 - 6355, United States; Bukusi, E., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Lumumba Health Center, CMR-UCSF Building, Box 614 - 40100, Kisumu, Kenya, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nairobi, Box 1976 - 00202, Nairobi, Kenya; Morrow, R.A., Seattle Children's, MailstopW8814, Seattle, WA 98105 - 0371, United States, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Box 358080, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, United States	This study compared five serological tests with Western blot from University of Washington to determine the most accurate method for detecting antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in a male population in Kisumu, Kenya. A random sample of 250 fishermen from 18 beaches along Lake Victoria underwent serological testing by two generations of the HerpeSelect HSV-2 ELISA ("Focus Gen 1" and "Focus Gen 2"), Kalon HSV-2 ELISA ("Kalon"), Biokit HSV-2 Rapid Test ("Biokit"), and HerpeSelect Express Rapid HSV-2 ("Express") against the Western blot test ("WB") as the "gold standard". Sensitivity and specificity of tests in this population with a high prevalence of HSV-2 (58% by WB) were: Focus Gen 1: 98.6% and 63.5%; Focus Gen 2: 99.3% and 52.3%; Biokit: 66% and 90.9%; Express: 99.3% and 44.3% and Kalon: 98.6% and 85.7%. Increasing the positive cut-off value improved the specificity of the Focus Gen 2-84.9% and Kalon to 92.2%. Focus Gen 2 offered no improvement in specificity over that of Focus Gen 1. Neither rapid assay could be recommended as either a stand-alone assay or as a confirmatory test. The results of Kalon using a cut-off of 1.5 were the most concordant with those of WB for all the approaches tested. However, low positive Kalon test results should be interpreted with caution as they could reflect early seroconversion or false positive results. © 2009 Elsevier B.V.	Fishermen in Kenya; HSV-2; Serology; Test performance	adult; antibody detection; article; cost effectiveness analysis; diagnostic accuracy; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; fisherman; Herpes simplex virus 2; human; intermethod comparison; Kenya; male; nonhuman; priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; seroconversion; serology; Western blotting; Adolescent; Adult; Antibodies, Viral; Herpes Genitalis; Herpesvirus 2, Human; Humans; Kenya; Male; Sensitivity and Specificity; Serologic Tests; Young Adult; Human herpesvirus 2	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955761735	Development and evaluation of a new epitope-blocking ELISA for universal detection of antibodies to West Nile virus	Sotelo E., Llorente F., Rebollo B., Camuñas A., Venteo A., Gallardo C., Lubisi A., Rodríguez M.J., Sanz A.J., Figuerola J., Jiménez-Clavero M.Á.	2011	Journal of Virological Methods	174	42371	10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.03.015	Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), INIA, Ctra Algete-El Casar, S/n, 28130 Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain; INGENASA, C/Hermanos García Noblejas 39, 28037 Madrid, Spain; ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, C/Americo Vespucio, s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain	Sotelo, E., Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), INIA, Ctra Algete-El Casar, S/n, 28130 Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain; Llorente, F., Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), INIA, Ctra Algete-El Casar, S/n, 28130 Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain; Rebollo, B., INGENASA, C/Hermanos García Noblejas 39, 28037 Madrid, Spain; Camuñas, A., INGENASA, C/Hermanos García Noblejas 39, 28037 Madrid, Spain; Venteo, A., INGENASA, C/Hermanos García Noblejas 39, 28037 Madrid, Spain; Gallardo, C., Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), INIA, Ctra Algete-El Casar, S/n, 28130 Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain; Lubisi, A., ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Rodríguez, M.J., INGENASA, C/Hermanos García Noblejas 39, 28037 Madrid, Spain; Sanz, A.J., INGENASA, C/Hermanos García Noblejas 39, 28037 Madrid, Spain; Figuerola, J., Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, C/Americo Vespucio, s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain; Jiménez-Clavero, M.Á., Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), INIA, Ctra Algete-El Casar, S/n, 28130 Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain	West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen with a wide range of hosts, including birds, horses and humans. The development and evaluation of the performance of a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are described for rapid detection of WNV-specific antibodies in samples originating from an extensive range of vertebrates susceptible to WNV infection. The assay uses a monoclonal antibody (MAb) which binds whole virus particles and neutralizes infection in vitro by recognizing a neutralizing epitope within the envelope (E) glycoprotein of the virus. This MAb, labelled with horseradish peroxidase, was used to compete with WNV-specific serum antibodies for virus-binding in vitro. The epitope-blocking ELISA was optimized in a manner that enabled its validation with a number of experimental and field sera, from a wide range of wild bird species, and susceptible mammals. The new ELISA exhibited high specificity (79.5-96.5%) and sensitivity (100%), using the virus-neutralization test as reference standard. It also required a much lower volume of sample (10 μl per analysis) compared to other ELISAs available commercially. This new method may be helpful for diagnosis and disease surveillance, particularly when testing samples from small birds, which are available in limited amounts. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	Antibody detection; Epitope-blocking ELISA; Flavivirus; Monoclonal antibody; West nile virus; Wild birds	epitope; horseradish peroxidase; monoclonal antibody; virus antibody; virus glycoprotein; animal cell; antibody detection; antigen binding; article; bird; controlled study; diagnostic value; disease surveillance; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; in vitro study; infection sensitivity; intermethod comparison; mammal; mouse; nonhuman; priority journal; rabbit; sensitivity and specificity; Vero cell; vertebrate; virus attachment; virus neutralization; virus particle; West Nile fever; West Nile flavivirus; wild species; Animals; Antibodies, Viral; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Epitopes; Humans; Neutralization Tests; Sensitivity and Specificity; Vertebrates; Viral Envelope Proteins; Virology; West Nile Fever; West Nile virus; Armoracia rusticana; Aves; Equidae; Flavivirus; Mammalia; Vertebrata; West Nile virus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960573679	Performance of six commercial enzyme immunoassays and two alternative HIV-testing algorithms for the diagnosis of HIV-1 infection in Kisumu, Western Kenya	Zeh C., Oyaro B., Vandenhoudt H., Amornkul P., Kasembeli A., Bondo P., Mwaengo D., Thomas T.K., Hart C., Laserson K.F., Ondoa P., Nkengasong J.N.	2011	Journal of Virological Methods	176	02-Jan	10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.05.021	US-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Kisumu, Kenya; Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, CDC, Atlanta, GA, United States; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya; Global AIDS Program, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC, Atlanta, GA, United States; US-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Global Health, Atlanta, GA, United States; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Center for Poverty-related Communicable Diseases (CPCD), Center for Infection and Immunity (CINIMA), Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD), Netherlands	Zeh, C., US-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Kisumu, Kenya; Oyaro, B., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya; Vandenhoudt, H., Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Amornkul, P., US-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Kisumu, Kenya; Kasembeli, A., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya; Bondo, P., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya; Mwaengo, D., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya; Thomas, T.K., US-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Kisumu, Kenya; Hart, C., Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, CDC, Atlanta, GA, United States; Laserson, K.F., US-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Kisumu, Kenya, US-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Global Health, Atlanta, GA, United States; Ondoa, P., Center for Poverty-related Communicable Diseases (CPCD), Center for Infection and Immunity (CINIMA), Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD), Netherlands; Nkengasong, J.N., Global AIDS Program, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC, Atlanta, GA, United States	Performances of serological parallel and serial testing algorithms were analyzed using a combination of three ELISA and three rapid tests for the confirmation of HIV infection. Each was assessed individually for their sensitivity and specificity on a blinded panel of 769 retrospective sera of known HIV status. Western blot was used as a confirmatory assay for discordant results. Subsequently, one parallel and one serial testing algorithm were assessed on a new panel of 912 HIV-positive and negative samples. Individual evaluation of the ELISAs and rapid tests indicated a sensitivity of 100% for all assays except Uni-Gold with 99.7%. The specificities ranged from 99.1% to 99.4% for rapid assays and from 97.5% to 99.1% for ELISAs. A parallel and serial testing algorithms using Enzygnost and Vironostika, and Determine followed by Uni-Gold respectively, showed 100% sensitivity and specificity. The cost for testing 912 samples was US$4.74 and US$ 1.9 per sample in parallel and serial testing respectively. Parallel or serial testing algorithm yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. This alternative algorithm is reliable and reduces the occurrence of both false negatives and positives. The serial testing algorithm was more cost effective for diagnosing HIV infections in this population. © 2011.	Algorithm; Alternative; Diagnosis; HIV-1; Immunoassay; Sensitivity; Specificity	antigen p24; glycoprotein gp 41; Human immunodeficiency virus antigen; immunoglobulin G antibody; immunoglobulin M antibody; recombinant protein; adolescent; adult; agglutination test; algorithm; analytical error; article; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; cost control; cost effectiveness analysis; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test; diagnostic test accuracy study; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; false positive result; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection; immunoaffinity chromatography; intermethod comparison; Kenya; major clinical study; parallel testing algorithm; predictive value; priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; serial testing algorithm; serodiagnosis; Western blotting; AIDS Serodiagnosis; Algorithms; Blotting, Western; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; HIV Antibodies; HIV Infections; HIV-1; HIV-2; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Kenya; Predictive Value of Tests; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Sensitivity and Specificity; Human immunodeficiency virus 1	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855234140	Bacterial expression of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus nucleoprotein and its evaluation as a diagnostic reagent in an indirect ELISA	Samudzi R.R., Leman P.A., Paweska J.T., Swanepoel R., Burt F.J.	2012	Journal of Virological Methods	179	1	10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.09.023	Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, National Health Laboratory Services Universitas and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Special Pathogens Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, NHLS, PBag X4, Sandringham 2133, South Africa	Samudzi, R.R., Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, National Health Laboratory Services Universitas and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Leman, P.A., Special Pathogens Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, NHLS, PBag X4, Sandringham 2133, South Africa; Paweska, J.T., Special Pathogens Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, NHLS, PBag X4, Sandringham 2133, South Africa; Swanepoel, R., Special Pathogens Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, NHLS, PBag X4, Sandringham 2133, South Africa; Burt, F.J., Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, National Health Laboratory Services Universitas and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne viral zoonosis distributed widely in Africa, Asia, Russia and the Balkans. The emergence and re-emergence of CCHFV emphasize the importance of increasing both human and veterinary surveillance and developing diagnostic capacity. Recombinant CCHFV nucleocapsid protein (NP) has been expressed using insect cells and mammalian cells and used as a diagnostic tool but bacterial expression has not been described previously. The S gene of CCHFV was codon optimized and the NP expressed in Escherichia coli from the synthetic gene. The protein was reacted against serum samples collected from confirmed CCHFV patients at varying intervals after the onset of illness from acute to convalescent stages using both an ELISA and a Western blot. To confirm that the protein was able to induce a humoral antibody response that could be detected using CCHFV antigen derived from live virus, mice were immunized and serum samples were tested using IF slides prepared from CCHFV infected Vero cells. The recombinant antigen was able to detect IgG antibody in acute and convalescent sera. In addition, a detectable IgG antibody response was induced in mice immunized using NP. The results suggest that proteins expressed in a bacterial system lacking post-translational modifications can be used in ELISA to detect IgG antibody against CCHFV in human sera which may be used for routine diagnosis and seroepidemiology. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	CCHFV; Diagnostic ELISA; Recombinant NP	immunoglobulin G antibody; virus nucleoprotein; virus RNA; animal cell; animal experiment; animal model; antibody response; article; blood sampling; clinical article; codon; controlled study; Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; Escherichia coli; female; gene sequence; human; mouse; Nairo virus; nonhuman; nucleotide sequence; priority journal; protein expression; protein function; protein modification; serodiagnosis; Vero cell; virus gene; Western blotting; Animals; Antibodies, Viral; Antigens, Viral; Blotting, Western; Cercopithecus aethiops; Child; Child, Preschool; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Escherichia coli; Gene Expression; Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Mice; Nucleoproteins; Recombinant Proteins; Vero Cells; Bacteria (microorganisms); Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus; Escherichia coli; Hexapoda; Ixodida; Mammalia; Mus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871408975	Evaluation of the use of plasma preparation tubes for HIV viral load testing on the COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan HIV-1 version 2.0	Goedhals D., Scott L.E., Moretti S., Cooper M.A., Opperman W.J.L., Rossouw I.	2013	Journal of Virological Methods	187	2	10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.11.019	Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University of the Free State, National Health Laboratory Service, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of health Science, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Microbial Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Goedhals, D., Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University of the Free State, National Health Laboratory Service, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Scott, L.E., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of health Science, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Moretti, S., Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University of the Free State, National Health Laboratory Service, Bloemfontein, South Africa, Department of Microbial Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Cooper, M.A., Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University of the Free State, National Health Laboratory Service, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Opperman, W.J.L., Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University of the Free State, National Health Laboratory Service, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Rossouw, I., Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University of the Free State, National Health Laboratory Service, Bloemfontein, South Africa	HIV viral load monitoring forms an essential part of the management of patients receiving antiretroviral therapy, but transport of samples without loss of RNA integrity may be problematic in resource limited settings. The use of plasma preparation tubes (PPT) which can be centrifuged to separate cellular components before transport may provide a simple and cost-effective alternative to standard EDTA samples. We investigated whether PPT generated reliable results using the COBAS® AmpliPrep/COBAS® TaqMan® HIV-1 test version 2.0 (CAP/CTM HIV-1 v2.0). The mean difference between EDTA and PPT prepared samples (n=261) was acceptable (log 0.04copies/ml, percentage similarity CV 3.53%). PPT can be used for viral load testing on the CAP/CTM HIV-1 v2.0. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	CAP/CTM HIV-2 v2; HIV viral load; PPT	edetic acid; adult; aged; article; blood sampling; centrifugation; cryopreservation; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; male; plasma preparation tube; priority journal; quantitative analysis; reliability; storage temperature; thawing; tube; virus load; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Female; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Plasma; Specimen Handling; Viral Load; Young Adult; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus 2	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875487932	Evaluation of the Determine™ fourth generation HIV rapid assay	Brauer M., De Villiers J.C., Mayaphi S.H.	2013	Journal of Virological Methods	189	1	10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.01.017	Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, National Health Laboratory Service Tshwane Academic Division, Pathology Building, 5 Bophelo Road, Pretoria, South Africa	Brauer, M., Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, National Health Laboratory Service Tshwane Academic Division, Pathology Building, 5 Bophelo Road, Pretoria, South Africa; De Villiers, J.C., Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, National Health Laboratory Service Tshwane Academic Division, Pathology Building, 5 Bophelo Road, Pretoria, South Africa; Mayaphi, S.H., Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, National Health Laboratory Service Tshwane Academic Division, Pathology Building, 5 Bophelo Road, Pretoria, South Africa	Assays that detect p24 antigen reduce the diagnostic window period of HIV testing. Most point-of-care HIV assays have poor sensitivity to diagnose acute HIV infection as they only detect antibodies against HIV-1 and HIV-2 (HIV-1/2). This was a cross-sectional laboratory-based study that evaluated the performance of the Determine™ HIV-1/2 Ag/Ab Combo fourth generation rapid strip - currently the only rapid assay that detects both HIV-1/2 antibodies and p24 antigen. A total of 79 serum specimens (29 positive for HIV antibodies only, 14 positive for HIV antibodies and p24 antigen, 20 HIV-negative, and 16 positive for p24 antigen only) were used for the evaluation. Results were compared with those from validated fourth generation HIV ELISAs. The Determine™ Combo rapid strips had a sensitivity of 90.7% and a specificity of 100% for the detection of HIV-1/2 antibodies. Its sensitivity for the detection of p24 antigen was only 10% (3 out of 30 p24 antigen positive specimens). This implies that most acute HIV infections will be missed with this assay. The need for a point-of-care assay which can detect acute HIV infection reliably still remains, particularly for use in a high prevalence setting such as South Africa. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Acute; Fourth generation test; HIV; Rapid; Seroconversion	antigen p24; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 antibody; Human immunodeficiency virus 2antibody; Human immunodeficiency virus antibody; unclassified drug; antigen detection; article; controlled study; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test accuracy study; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; HIV test; human; human cell; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; intermethod comparison; point of care testing; priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; validity; virus detection; Cross-Sectional Studies; HIV Antibodies; HIV Antigens; HIV Core Protein p24; HIV Infections; HIV Seropositivity; HIV-1; HIV-2; Humans; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus 2	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875504761	Evaluation of non-centrifuged dried plasma spots versus centrifuged and non-centrifuged plasma for determination of HIV-1 viral load	Mwebaza S., Batamwita R., Karamagi Y., Mugasa C., Namwanje C., Mujuzi G., Nanteza A.	2013	Journal of Virological Methods	189	1	10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.02.002	Mildmay Uganda, P.O. Box 24985, Kampala, Uganda; Makerere University, College of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Central Public Health Laboratories (CPHL), Ministry of Health, Plot 7, Buganda Road, Kampala, P.O. Box 7272, Kampala, Uganda	Mwebaza, S., Mildmay Uganda, P.O. Box 24985, Kampala, Uganda; Batamwita, R., Central Public Health Laboratories (CPHL), Ministry of Health, Plot 7, Buganda Road, Kampala, P.O. Box 7272, Kampala, Uganda; Karamagi, Y., Mildmay Uganda, P.O. Box 24985, Kampala, Uganda; Mugasa, C., Makerere University, College of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Namwanje, C., Mildmay Uganda, P.O. Box 24985, Kampala, Uganda; Mujuzi, G., Mildmay Uganda, P.O. Box 24985, Kampala, Uganda; Nanteza, A., Makerere University, College of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda	Accurate viral load measurement in plasma specimens is subject to the transport conditions applied since the stability of HIV-1 RNA can be at risk. Also, except during the primary infection, HIV is unlikely to be free in circulation because most patients produce specific antibodies in the weeks following primary infection. This study evaluated non centrifuged dried plasma spots versus centrifuged and non centrifuged plasma in the determination of HIV-1 viral load. A total of 40 patients infected with HIV were bled and three groups of samples were prepared from each patient. The first group was centrifuged at 1500×g for 20min, the second was not centrifuged but left to sediment by gravity for up to 3h, and the third was for dried plasma spots prepared from the same non centrifuged plasma. HIV RNA quantitation in plasma and dried plasma spots was evaluated by the Pearson correlation and a T-test. The three groups yielded average viral loads of 58,249; 83,355 and 116,963 copies/ml for centrifuged, non centrifuged and dried plasma spot samples respectively. The correlation for centrifuged versus non centrifuged was R2=0.78, that of centrifuged and dried plasma spots was R2=0.72 and finally R2=0.81 between non centrifuged and dried plasma spot samples. A significant difference in viral load results of centrifuged and DPS samples prepared from non centrifuged plasma was observed. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Centrifuged plasma; Dried plasma spot; HIV-1; Non centrifuged plasma; Viral load	virus RNA; adult; article; blood analysis; blood sampling; centrifuged and non centrifuged dried plasma spots; clinical article; comparative study; correlation coefficient; dried blood spot testing; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection; non centrifuged dried plasma spots; outcome assessment; priority journal; Student t test; Uganda; virus load; virus particle; Blood Specimen Collection; Centrifugation; Dried Blood Spot Testing; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; RNA, Viral; Viral Load; Human immunodeficiency virus 1	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877900719	Evaluation of current rapid HIV test algorithms in Rakai, Uganda	Galiwango R.M., Musoke R., Lubyayi L., Ssekubugu R., Kalibbala S., Ssekweyama V., Mirembe V., Nakigozi G., Reynolds S.J., Serwadda D., Gray R.H., Kigozi G.	2013	Journal of Virological Methods	192	02-Jan	10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.04.003	Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Makerere College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda; Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, United States	Galiwango, R.M., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; Musoke, R., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; Lubyayi, L., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; Ssekubugu, R., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; Kalibbala, S., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; Ssekweyama, V., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; Mirembe, V., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; Nakigozi, G., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; Reynolds, S.J., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, United States; Serwadda, D., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda, Makerere College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda; Gray, R.H., Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Kigozi, G., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda	Rapid HIV tests are a crucial component of HIV diagnosis in resource limited settings. In Uganda, the Ministry of Health allows both serial and parallel HIV rapid testing using Determine, Stat-Pak and Uni-Gold. In serial testing, a non-reactive result on Determine ends testing. The performance of serial and parallel algorithms with Determine and Stat-Pak test kits was assessed. A cross-sectional diagnostic test accuracy evaluation using three rapid HIV test kits as per the recommended parallel test algorithm was followed by EIA-WB testing with estimates of the performance of serial testing algorithm. In 2520 participants tested by parallel rapid algorithms, 0.6% had weakly reactive result. Parallel testing had 99.7% sensitivity and 99.8% specificity. If Stat-Pak was used as the first screening test for a serial algorithm, the sensitivity was 99.6% and specificity was 99.7%. However, if Determine was used as the screening test, sensitivity was 97.3% and specificity was 99.9%. Serial testing with Stat-Pak as the initial screening test performed as well as parallel testing, but Determine was a less sensitive screen. Serial testing could be cost saving. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Algorithms; HIV; Rakai-Uganda; Rapids testing	adolescent; adult; age distribution; algorithm; article; controlled study; cost control; cross-sectional study; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test accuracy study; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; female; high risk population; HIV rapid test; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infection risk; major clinical study; male; predictive value; priority journal; screening test; sensitivity and specificity; Uganda; Western blotting; Adolescent; Adult; Algorithms; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sensitivity and Specificity; Uganda; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84885216650	Evaluation of an affordable HIV-1 virological failure assay and antiretroviral drug resistance genotyping protocol	Bronze M., Aitken S.C., Wallis C.L., Steegen K., Stuyver L.J., de Wit T.F.R., Stevens W.	2013	Journal of Virological Methods	194	42371	10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.08.015	Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, National Health Laboratory Services, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, South Africa; University Medical Centre Utrecht (UMCU), Netherlands; Janssen Diagnostics, Beerse, Belgium; Department of Global Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Netherlands	Bronze, M., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, National Health Laboratory Services, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, South Africa; Aitken, S.C., University Medical Centre Utrecht (UMCU), Netherlands; Wallis, C.L., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Steegen, K., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Stuyver, L.J., Janssen Diagnostics, Beerse, Belgium; de Wit, T.F.R., Department of Global Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Netherlands; Stevens, W., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, National Health Laboratory Services, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, South Africa	HIV-1 RNA viral load is the preferred tool to monitor virological failure during antiretroviral therapy (ART) exposure. Timely detection of virological failure can reduce the prevalence and complexity of HIV-1 drug resistance. This field evaluation further characterizes a two-step approach to identify virological failure, as a measure of ART adherence, and detect HIVDR mutations in the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene of HIV-1. Two hundred and forty-eight (248) samples were tested; 225 from South African HIV-1 participants enrolled in the PharmAccess African Studies to Evaluate Resistance (PASER) cohort, forty of which had paired dried blood spot (DBS) samples and 23 HIV-1 negative samples. A newly developed virological failure assay (ARTA-VFA) was used on all samples, and those with a viral load &gt;5000 RNA copies/ml were genotyped with a shortened RT protocol to detect HIVDR (ARTA-HIVDRultralight). The ARTA-VFA showed good precision and linearity as compared to a commercial reference assay (NucliSENS® EasyQ v1.2, Roche) with an R2 of 0.99. Accuracy studies illustrated standard deviations of &lt;1 log RNA copies/ml for plasma and DBS ARTA-VFA results compared to the reference method. The ARTA-VFA's intended use was to deliver qualitative results either &lt; or &gt;5000 RNA copies/ml. No significant differences in the proportion of results &lt; or &gt; either the 5000 RNA copies/ml or 1000 RNA copies/ml cut-off were noted for plasma indicating either cut-off to be useful. Significant differences were noted in these proportions when DBS were used (P=0.0002), where a 5000 RNA copies/ml cut-off was deemed more appropriate. The sensitivity and specificity of the ARTA-VFA with plasma were 95% and 93% and 91% and 95% for DBS using a 5000 RNA copies/ml cut-off. The ARTA HIVDRultralight assay was reliable for plasma and DBS samples with a viral load &gt;5000 RNA copies/ml, with amplification and sequencing success rates of 91% and 92% respectively for plasma, and 95% and 80% respectively for DBS. HIVDR profiles for plasma and DBS were 100% concordant with the reference assay. This study evaluated a previously described combination of two assays potentially useful in assessing HIV-1 virological failure and resistance, showing good concordance with reference assays. These assays are simple to perform and are affordable, viable options to detect virological failures in certain resource limited settings. The assays' compatibility with DBS sampling extends the access of HIV-1 virological monitoring to more remote settings. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Antiretroviral drug resistance; Genotyping; HIV-1 virological failure assay	antiretrovirus agent; accuracy; antiviral resistance; article; controlled study; cost; diagnostic kit; dried blood spot testing; drug treatment failure; genotyping technique; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; intermethod comparison; nonhuman; predictive value; priority journal; real time polymerase chain reaction; sensitivity and specificity; sequence analysis; virological failure assay; virus examination; virus load; Antiretroviral drug resistance; Genotyping; HIV-1 virological failure assay; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Drug Resistance, Viral; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Sensitivity and Specificity; South Africa; Treatment Failure; Viral Load	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896055325	Performance of two real-time PCR assays for hepatitis B virus DNA detection and quantitation	Kania D., Ottomani L., Meda N., Peries M., Dujols P., Bolloré K., Rénier W., Viljoen J., Ducos J., Van de Perre P., Tuaillon E.	2014	Journal of Virological Methods	201	None	10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.01.015	Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; Unité VIH et Maladies Associées, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; INSERM U 1058, Infection by HIV and by agents with mucocutaneous tropism: from pathogenesis to prevention, 34394 Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 1, 34090 Montpellier, France; CHU Montpellier, Département de Bactériologie-Virologie et Département d'Information Medicale, 34295 Montpellier, France; Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Kania, D., Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, Unité VIH et Maladies Associées, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, INSERM U 1058, Infection by HIV and by agents with mucocutaneous tropism: from pathogenesis to prevention, 34394 Montpellier, France, Université Montpellier 1, 34090 Montpellier, France; Ottomani, L., CHU Montpellier, Département de Bactériologie-Virologie et Département d'Information Medicale, 34295 Montpellier, France; Meda, N., Unité VIH et Maladies Associées, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; Peries, M., INSERM U 1058, Infection by HIV and by agents with mucocutaneous tropism: from pathogenesis to prevention, 34394 Montpellier, France; Dujols, P., INSERM U 1058, Infection by HIV and by agents with mucocutaneous tropism: from pathogenesis to prevention, 34394 Montpellier, France, Université Montpellier 1, 34090 Montpellier, France, CHU Montpellier, Département de Bactériologie-Virologie et Département d'Information Medicale, 34295 Montpellier, France; Bolloré, K., INSERM U 1058, Infection by HIV and by agents with mucocutaneous tropism: from pathogenesis to prevention, 34394 Montpellier, France, Université Montpellier 1, 34090 Montpellier, France; Rénier, W., INSERM U 1058, Infection by HIV and by agents with mucocutaneous tropism: from pathogenesis to prevention, 34394 Montpellier, France, Université Montpellier 1, 34090 Montpellier, France; Viljoen, J., INSERM U 1058, Infection by HIV and by agents with mucocutaneous tropism: from pathogenesis to prevention, 34394 Montpellier, France, Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Ducos, J., INSERM U 1058, Infection by HIV and by agents with mucocutaneous tropism: from pathogenesis to prevention, 34394 Montpellier, France, Université Montpellier 1, 34090 Montpellier, France, CHU Montpellier, Département de Bactériologie-Virologie et Département d'Information Medicale, 34295 Montpellier, France; Van de Perre, P., INSERM U 1058, Infection by HIV and by agents with mucocutaneous tropism: from pathogenesis to prevention, 34394 Montpellier, France, Université Montpellier 1, 34090 Montpellier, France, CHU Montpellier, Département de Bactériologie-Virologie et Département d'Information Medicale, 34295 Montpellier, France; Tuaillon, E., INSERM U 1058, Infection by HIV and by agents with mucocutaneous tropism: from pathogenesis to prevention, 34394 Montpellier, France, Université Montpellier 1, 34090 Montpellier, France, CHU Montpellier, Département de Bactériologie-Virologie et Département d'Information Medicale, 34295 Montpellier, France	In-house developed real-time PCR (qPCR) techniques could be useful conjunctives to the management of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in resource-limited settings with high prevalence. Two qPCR assays (qPCR1 and qPCR2), based on primers/probes targeting conserved regions of the X and S genes of HBV respectively, were evaluated using clinical samples of varying HBV genotypes, and compared to the commercial Roche Cobas AmpliPrep/Cobas TaqMan HBV Test v2.0. The lower detection limit (LDL) was established at 104 IU/ml for qPCR1, and 91 IU/ml for qPCR2. Good agreement and correlation were obtained between the Roche assay and both qPCR assays (r = 0.834 for qPCR1; and r = 0.870 for qPCR2). Differences in HBV DNA load of &gt; 0.5 Log10 IU/ml between the Roche and the qPCR assays were found in 49/122 samples of qPCR1, and 35/122 samples of qPCR2. qPCR1 tended to underestimate HBV DNA quantity in samples with a low viral load and overestimate HBV DNA concentration in samples with a high viral load when compared to the Roche test. Both molecular tools that were developed, used on an open real-time PCR system, were reliable for HBV DNA detection and quantitation. The qPCR2 performed better than the qPCR1 and had the additional advantage of various HBV genotype detection and quantitation. This low cost quantitative HBV DNA PCR assay may be an alternative solution when implementing national programmes to diagnose, monitor and treat HBV infection in low- to middle-income countries where testing for HBV DNA is not available in governmental health programmes. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis B virus diagnosis; Hepatitis B virus monitoring; Quantitative PCR	virus DNA; hepatitis B surface antigen; hepatitis B virus X protein; oligonucleotide probe; primer DNA; transactivator protein; virus DNA; article; controlled study; DNA determination; DNA extraction; DNA virus; genotype; Hepatitis B virus; human; income; limit of detection; major clinical study; polymerase chain reaction; prevalence; priority journal; real time polymerase chain reaction; virus load; comparative study; evaluation study; genetics; hepatitis B; Hepatitis B virus; isolation and purification; molecular diagnosis; oligonucleotide probe; procedures; real time polymerase chain reaction; DNA Primers; DNA, Viral; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; Hepatitis B virus; Humans; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Oligonucleotide Probes; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Trans-Activators; Viral Load	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925466279	Impact of cell lines included in enterovirus isolation protocol on perception of nonpolio enterovirus species C diversity	Adeniji J.A., Faleye T.O.C.	2014	Journal of Virological Methods	207	None	10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.07.016	Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; WHO National Polio Laboratory, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Adeniji, J.A., Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, WHO National Polio Laboratory, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Faleye, T.O.C., Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	There has been under-reporting of nonpolio enterovirus species Cs (NPESCs) in Nigeria despite the fact that most isolates recovered from the Nigerian vaccine derived poliovirus serotype 2 (VDPV2) outbreak were recombinants with nonstructural region of NPESC origin. It has been suggested that cell lines included in enterovirus isolation protocols might account for this phenomenon and this study examined this suggestion.Fifteen environmental samples concentrated previously and analysed using L20B and RD cell lines as part of the poliovirus environmental surveillance (ES) program in Nigeria were randomly selected and inoculated into two cell lines (MCF-7 and LLC-MK2). Isolates were identified as enteroviruses and species C members using different RT-PCR assays, culture in L20B cell line and sequencing of partial VP1.Forty-eight (48) isolates were recovered from the 15 samples, 47 (97.9%) of which were enteroviruses. Of the enteroviruses, 32 (68.1%) belonged to enterovirus species C (EC) of which 19 (40.4%) were polioviruses and 13 (27.7%) were NPESC members. All 13 NPESC isolates were recovered on MCF-7.Results of the study show that NPESCs are circulating in Nigeria and their under-reporting was due to the combination of cell lines used for enterovirus isolation in previous reports. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Environmental surveillance; Isolation protocol; MCF-7; Nigeria; Nonpolio enterovirus species C	protein VP1; virus RNA; Article; cell line; controlled study; Enterovirus; gene sequence; human; human cell; L20B cell line; LLC MK2 cell line; MCF 7 cell line; Nigeria; nonhuman; nonpolio enterovirus species C; Poliomyelitis virus; priority journal; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; species diversity; species identification; virus identification; virus isolation; cell line; classification; DNA sequence; Enterovirus; genetics; genotype; isolation and purification; microbiology; molecular genetics; procedures; virus culture; Cell Line; Enterovirus; Environmental Microbiology; Genotype; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Nigeria; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Viral; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Virus Cultivation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943383524	Evaluation of Curie-point depths, geothermal gradients and near-surface heat flow from high-resolution aeromagnetic (HRAM) data of the entire Sokoto Basin, Nigeria	Nwankwo L.I., Shehu A.T.	2015	Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research	305	None	10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.09.017	Department of Geophysics, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Physics Unit, Centre for Preliminary and Extra-Mural Studies, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria	Nwankwo, L.I., Department of Geophysics, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Shehu, A.T., Physics Unit, Centre for Preliminary and Extra-Mural Studies, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria	An evaluation of Curie-point depths, geothermal gradients and near-surface heat flow has been carried out from the spectral analysis of the recently acquired high resolution aeromagnetic (HRAM) data of the entire Sokoto Basin in northwestern Nigeria. The HRAM data was divided into twenty two (22) overlapping blocks and each block analyzed using the spectral centroid method to obtain depth to the top, centroid and bottom of magnetic sources. The depth values were subsequently used to evaluate the Curie-point depth (CPD), geothermal gradient and near-surface heat flow in the study area. The result shows that the CPD varies between 11.13 and 27.83km with an average of 18.57km, the geothermal gradient varies between 20.84 and 52.11°C/km with an average of 33.99°C/km, and the resulting heat flow varies between 52.11 and 130.28mWm-2 with an average of 84.97mWm-2. Such heat flow values are suggestive of anomalous geothermal conditions and are recommended for detailed geothermal exploration in the basin. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Aeromagnetic data; Curie-point depth; Geothermal exploration; Heat flow; Nigeria; Sokoto basin	Curie temperature; Geothermal energy; Geothermal prospecting; Heat transfer; Spectrum analysis; Aeromagnetic data; Curie point depths; Geothermal exploration; Nigeria; Sokoto basin; Magnetic prospecting; aeromagnetic survey; Curie point; geothermal system; heat flow; spectral analysis; temperature gradient; Nigeria; Sokoto Basin; Calluna vulgaris	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953364241	Innovative performance in African technical projects-A multi-level study	Seriki H.T., Hoegl M., Parboteeah K.P.	2010	Journal of World Business	45	3	10.1016/j.jwb.2009.09.010	Cielarko - International Management Consultants, 2 Hampstead House, 1 Fraser Road, Muizenberg 7945, Cape Town, South Africa; WHU - Otto Beisheim School of Management, Chair of Leadership and Human Resource Management, Burgplatz 2, 56179 Vallendar, Germany; Management Department, University of Wisconsin - Whitewater, Whitewater, WI 53190, United States	Seriki, H.T., Cielarko - International Management Consultants, 2 Hampstead House, 1 Fraser Road, Muizenberg 7945, Cape Town, South Africa; Hoegl, M., WHU - Otto Beisheim School of Management, Chair of Leadership and Human Resource Management, Burgplatz 2, 56179 Vallendar, Germany; Parboteeah, K.P., Management Department, University of Wisconsin - Whitewater, Whitewater, WI 53190, United States	In this paper, we discuss how the societal context of sub-Saharan Africa is related to the innovative performance of project teams. We developed propositions based on previous literature while also using insights from experts from the sub-Saharan section of Africa. We then tested these propositions using a case based approach. Specifically, we examined the propositions through interviews with team leaders in three companies located in sub-Saharan Africa (two located in Nigeria and one located in South Africa). This empirical examination of real-life project teams in sub-Saharan Africa led us to an improved understanding concerning the consequences of African societal characteristics for the innovative performance of teams. Essentially, our findings suggest that managers of African projects need to adapt their methods (1) to incorporate and utilize the diversity inherent in society, (2) to (re)direct the focus of entire projects towards creating value for human beings, and (3) to maintain acceptable and security-giving hierarchies. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings. © 2009 Elsevier Inc.	Diversity; Innovation; Project management; Sub-Saharan Africa; Teamwork	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84909592407	Influence of operating conditions on unsteady wind performance of vertical axis wind turbines operating within a fluctuating free-stream: A numerical study	Wekesa D.W., Wang C., Wei Y., Danao L.A.M.	2014	Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics	135	None	10.1016/j.jweia.2014.10.016	Institute of Dynamics and Control of Spacecrafts, School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin City, China; Department of Physics, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi City, Kenya; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quenzon City, Philippines	Wekesa, D.W., Institute of Dynamics and Control of Spacecrafts, School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin City, China, Department of Physics, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi City, Kenya; Wang, C., Institute of Dynamics and Control of Spacecrafts, School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin City, China; Wei, Y., Institute of Dynamics and Control of Spacecrafts, School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin City, China; Danao, L.A.M., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quenzon City, Philippines	A fluctuating free-stream in unsteady wind environment presents a more significant challenge in wind turbine performance. In this paper, a numerical method is presented to investigate the influence of operating conditions on Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) of NACA00XX symmetric airfoils with 12% and 22% thickness in unsteady wind condition. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical method was used to analyze the aerodynamic performance and physics of flow of the VAWT. The VAWT dynamic motion of blades was introduced by sinusoidally oscillating both VAWT blades. Using a validated CFD model, steady wind simulations at Umean=7.00m/s and 11.00m/s were conducted and the results predicted the Power Coefficient (CP) performance for the VAWT scale. The results derived in the numerical analysis show that, within fluctuating free-stream wind conditions, thicker airfoils are desirable. Overall maximum unsteady CP of VAWT with thicker blades reveals positive deviations if the tip speed ratio λ is slightly higher than λ of the steady maximum CP, while thinner blades maximum CP marginally drops from the steady maximum CP for the same λ range. Higher frequencies of fluctuation marginally improve the unsteady wind performance of both VAWT blade profiles. High fluctuation amplitudes reveal overall performance degradation on both VAWT blade profiles more than small fluctuation amplitudes. The findings lend substantially to our understanding of both the kinematic and aerodynamic behavior on VAWT scale blades operating in unsteady wind condition, and the flow physics that causes the behavior. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	CFD; NACA00XX; Power coefficient; Unsteady wind; VAWT	Free-stream; NACA00XX; Operating condition; Power coefficients; VAWT; Vertical axis wind turbines; Wind performance; Computational fluid dynamics	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953322359	Long-term anthropogenic and ecological dynamics of a Mediterranean landscape: Impacts on multiple taxa	Sirami C., Nespoulous A., Cheylan J.-P., Marty P., Hvenegaard G.T., Geniez P., Schatz B., Martin J.-L.	2010	Landscape and Urban Planning	96	4	10.1016/j.landurbplan.2010.03.007	Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive UMR 5175 -, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex, France; Climate Change and BioAdaptation Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute, P/Bag X7, Claremont 7735 Cape Town, South Africa; Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Étude des Structures, de Processus d'Adaptation et des Changements de L'Espace, UMR 6102 - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 74 rue Louis Pasteur - Case n17, 84029 Avignon Cedex, France; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Centre Français de Recherche en Sciences Sociales USR 3138, CNRS-MAEE, Vysehradska, 49, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic; University of Alberta, Augustana Campus, 4901-46 Avenue, Camrose, Alta. T4V 2R3, Canada; Centre d'É, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex, France	Sirami, C., Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive UMR 5175 -, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex, France, Climate Change and BioAdaptation Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute, P/Bag X7, Claremont 7735 Cape Town, South Africa, Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Nespoulous, A., Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive UMR 5175 -, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex, France; Cheylan, J.-P., Étude des Structures, de Processus d'Adaptation et des Changements de L'Espace, UMR 6102 - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 74 rue Louis Pasteur - Case n17, 84029 Avignon Cedex, France, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Marty, P., Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive UMR 5175 -, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex, France, Centre Français de Recherche en Sciences Sociales USR 3138, CNRS-MAEE, Vysehradska, 49, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Hvenegaard, G.T., Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive UMR 5175 -, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex, France, University of Alberta, Augustana Campus, 4901-46 Avenue, Camrose, Alta. T4V 2R3, Canada; Geniez, P., Centre d'É, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex, France; Schatz, B., Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive UMR 5175 -, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex, France; Martin, J.-L., Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive UMR 5175 -, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex, France	Mediterranean landscapes resulted from the complex and ancient interaction of ecosystems and societies. Today they represent one of the world's biodiversity hotspots. These landscapes have a fine-grained mosaic and a high resilience to disturbances. However, during the last century, human pressures have led to new landscape structures and dynamics and an overall decrease in biological diversity. Within a Mediterranean landscape from southern France, we assessed the effects of land use changes on land cover and biodiversity over the last 60 years. The major land use changes involved a substantial decrease in sheep grazing and wood cutting corresponding to the abandonment of 70% of the study area. This resulted in a reduction in land use diversity which was usually high in the Mediterranean. Although land cover in the study area changed gradually (2.2% per year), over 74% changed between 1946 and 2002. This habitat shift had a subsequent impact on species distribution. Apart from amphibians and insects, most species of birds, reptiles, orchids and rare plants that responded positively to these changes were associated with woodlands, while species that responded negatively were associated with open habitats. In the Mediterranean, most rare and endemic species are associated with open habitats and are thus threatened by land abandonment. As a result, land abandonment is contributing to a decrease in local species richness and a decrease in rare and endemic species. Since similar patterns of change have been observed over most of the north-western Mediterranean, land abandonment represents a major threat for biodiversity in the Mediterranean. © 2010.	Grazing; Land abandonment; Land cover changes; Landscape heterogeneity; Open habitats	Biological diversity; Ecological dynamics; Endemic species; Grazing land; Hotspots; Land cover; Land use diversity; Land-cover change; Land-use change; Landscape structures; Similar pattern; Species distributions; Species richness; Study areas; Western Mediterranean; Wood cutting; Biodiversity; Ecology; Landforms; Land use; abandoned land; ecological approach; ecosystem resilience; grazing pressure; heterogeneity; hot spot; human activity; land cover; land use change; long-term change; Mediterranean environment; sheep; species richness; France; Amphibia; Aves; Hexapoda; Orchidaceae; Ovis aries; Reptilia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860343597	The dynamics of urban expansion and its impacts on land use/land cover change and small-scale farmers living near the urban fringe: A case study of Bahir Dar, Ethiopi