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Scopus	2-s2.0-84895775109	Satellite-based hybrid drought monitoring tool for prediction of vegetation condition in Eastern Africa: A case study for Ethiopia	Tadesse T., Demisse G.B., Zaitchik B., Dinku T.	2014	Water Resources Research	50	3	10.1002/2013WR014281	National Drought Mitigation Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Nebraska, Lincoln, United States; Earth Science Department, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Piazza, Ethiopia; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; International Research Institute for Climate and Society, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, United States	Tadesse, T., National Drought Mitigation Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Nebraska, Lincoln, United States; Demisse, G.B., Earth Science Department, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Piazza, Ethiopia; Zaitchik, B., Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Dinku, T., International Research Institute for Climate and Society, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, United States	An experimental drought monitoring tool has been developed that predicts the vegetation condition (Vegetation Outlook) using a regression-tree technique at a monthly time step during the growing season in Eastern Africa. This prediction tool (VegOut-Ethiopia) is demonstrated for Ethiopia as a case study. VegOut-Ethiopia predicts the standardized values of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) at multiple time steps (weeks to months into the future) based on analysis of "historical patterns" of satellite, climate, and oceanic data over historical records. The model underlying VegOut-Ethiopia capitalizes on historical climate-vegetation interactions and ocean-climate teleconnections (such as El Niño and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO)) expressed over the 24 year data record and also considers several environmental characteristics (e.g., land cover and elevation) that influence vegetation's response to weather conditions to produce 8 km maps that depict future general vegetation conditions. VegOut-Ethiopia could provide vegetation monitoring capabilities at local, national, and regional levels that can complement more traditional remote sensing-based approaches that monitor "current" vegetation conditions. The preliminary results of this case study showed that the models were able to predict the vegetation stress (both spatial extent and severity) in drought years 1-3 months ahead during the growing season in Ethiopia. The correlation coefficients between the predicted and satellite-observed vegetation condition range from 0.50 to 0.90. Based on the lessons learned from past research activities and emerging experimental forecast models, future studies are recommended that could help Eastern Africa in advancing knowledge of climate, remote sensing, hydrology, and water resources. Key Points Developed new satellite-based prediction model called VegOut-Ethiopia Demonstrated application of VegOut-Ethiopia model to a recent drought year Highlighted future research opportunities under evolving climate conditions © 2014. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.	Drought Monitoring; Remote Sensing; Satellite-observed vegetation; Vegetation Monitoring; Vegetation Prediction	Atmospheric pressure; Climatology; Drought; Forecasting; Remote sensing; Research; Satellites; Vegetation; Water resources; Correlation coefficient; Drought monitoring; Environmental characteristic; Normalized difference vegetation index; Research opportunities; Southern oscillation; Vegetation condition; Vegetation monitoring; Climate models	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893844469	Basin-scale performance of a semidistributed rainfall-runoff model for hydrological predictions and water resources assessment of large rivers: The Congo River	Tshimanga R.M., Hughes D.A.	2014	Water Resources Research	50	2	10.1002/2013WR014310	Department of Natural Resources Management, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Congo; Congo Basin Network for Research and Capacity Development in Water Resources (CB-HYDRONET), Kinshasa, Congo; Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	Tshimanga, R.M., Department of Natural Resources Management, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Congo, Congo Basin Network for Research and Capacity Development in Water Resources (CB-HYDRONET), Kinshasa, Congo; Hughes, D.A., Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	Gaps in hydrological information of the Congo Basin increase uncertainties in understanding hydroclimatic processes in the basin, and consequently the risks associated with decision making for major water resources development plans. There is also uncertainty about the predictions of future climate and land use change. These challenges make it essential to explore possible approaches to close the information gaps. Some of the gaps can be filled using hydrological simulation models, which if they prove practical, can be established with available data, but generate sufficiently reliable information for management purposes. This paper discusses the results of applying a semidistributed rainfall-runoff model which was established for the whole Congo Basin, using the available historical data, with an ultimate goal of understanding processes of runoff generation as well as assessing the impacts of future climate and land use changes on water resources availability, including options for water resources development in the basin. Issues of water resources assessment in the basin, approaches used to address them and some directions for future research are discussed. It is noted that the hydrological model applied in this study for the Congo Basin is able to capture the timing and magnitude of high and low flows satisfactorily, irrespective of the subbasins are located in headwater areas, downstream areas or at the outlets of regions strongly affected by wetlands and lakes. There remain a number of opportunities to improve the methods used for water resources assessment within the basin. Key Points A semidistributed hydrological model is presented for the Congo Basin The model adequately simulates the dominant processes of the basin hydrology The paper addresses some of the challenges of prediction in the Congo Basin © 2014. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.	Congo Basin; Hydrological model; Uncertainties; Ungauged basins; Wetlands	Climate models; Computer simulation; Forecasting; Hydrology; Lakes; Land use; Runoff; Water resources exploration; Wetlands; Congo basins; Hydrological modeling; Hydrological simulations; Uncertainties; Ungauged basins; Water resources assessment; Water resources availability; Water resources development; Water resources; decision making; flow modeling; headwater; hydrology; land use change; rainfall-runoff modeling; river basin; water management; water resource; Congo Basin	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896732702	Potential impacts of climate and environmental change on the stored water of Lake Victoria Basin and economic implications	Awange J.L., Anyah R., Agola N., Forootan E., Omondi P.	2013	Water Resources Research	49	12	10.1002/2013WR014350	Western Australian Centre for Geodesy, Institute for Geoscience Research, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States; Graduate School of Global Studies, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan; Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation, Bonn University, Bonn, Germany; IGAD Climate Prediction and Applications Centre, Nairobi, Kenya	Awange, J.L., Western Australian Centre for Geodesy, Institute for Geoscience Research, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; Anyah, R., Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States; Agola, N., Graduate School of Global Studies, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan; Forootan, E., Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation, Bonn University, Bonn, Germany; Omondi, P., IGAD Climate Prediction and Applications Centre, Nairobi, Kenya	The changing climatic patterns and increasing human population within the Lake Victoria Basin (LVB), together with overexploitation of water for economic activities call for assessment of water management for the entire basin. This study focused on the analysis of a combination of available in situ climate data, Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) observations, and high resolution Regional Climate simulations during recent decade(s) to assess the water storage changes within LVB that may be linked to recent climatic variability/changes and anomalies. We employed trend analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and temporal/spatial correlations to explore the associations and covariability among LVB stored water, rainfall variability, and large-scale forcings associated with El-Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). Potential economic impacts of human and climate-induced changes in LVB stored water are also explored. Overall, observed in situ rainfall from lake-shore stations showed a modest increasing trend during the recent decades. The dominant patterns of rainfall data from the TRMM satellite estimates suggest that the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation have not changed much during the period of 1998-2012 over the basin consistent with in situ observations. However, GRACEderived water storage changes over LVB indicate an average decline of 38.2 mm/yr for 2003-2006, likely due to the extension of the Owen Fall/Nalubale dam, and an increase of 4.5 mm/yr over 2007-2013, likely due to two massive rainfalls in 2006-2007 and 2010-2011. The temporal correlations between rainfall and ENSO/IOD indices during the study period, based on TRMM and model simulations, suggest significant influence of large-scale forcing on LVB rainfall, and thus stored water. The contributions of ENSO and IOD on the amplitude of TRMM-rainfall and GRACE-derived water storage changes, for the period of 2003-2013, are estimated to be ∼2.5 cm and ∼1.5 cm, respectively. © 2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.	None	Climatic variability; Economic implications; Gravity recovery and climate experiments; In-situ observations; Regional climate simulation; Spatial and temporal distribution; Temporal correlations; Tropical rainfall measuring missions; Climatology; Computer simulation; Digital storage; Economics; Geodetic satellites; Lakes; Principal component analysis; Rain gages; Water management; Rain; anthropogenic effect; basin management; climate effect; climate modeling; economic activity; El Nino-Southern Oscillation; environmental change; GRACE; lake water; numerical model; population growth; principal component analysis; rainfall; regional climate; shore (nonmarine); spatial distribution; temporal distribution; TRMM; water storage; water use; East African Lakes; Lake Victoria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84915751055	Impact of eddies on surface chlorophyll in the South Indian Ocean	Dufois F., Hardman-Mountford N.J., Greenwood J., Richardson A.J., Feng M., Herbette S., Matear R.	2014	Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans	119	11	10.1002/2014JC010164	CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Wembley, WA, Australia; CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Ecosciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Centre for Applications in Natural Resource Mathematics, School of Mathematics and PhysicsUniversity of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia; LMI ICEMASA, Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town Cape Town, South Africa; Laboratoire de Physique des Océans, (UMR6523 CNRS IFREMER IRD UBO), Université de Bretagne Occidentale Brest, France; CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Hobart, TAS, Australia	Dufois, F., CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Wembley, WA, Australia; Hardman-Mountford, N.J., CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Wembley, WA, Australia; Greenwood, J., CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Wembley, WA, Australia; Richardson, A.J., CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Ecosciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Centre for Applications in Natural Resource Mathematics, School of Mathematics and PhysicsUniversity of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia; Feng, M., CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Wembley, WA, Australia; Herbette, S., LMI ICEMASA, Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town Cape Town, South Africa, Laboratoire de Physique des Océans, (UMR6523 CNRS IFREMER IRD UBO), Université de Bretagne Occidentale Brest, France; Matear, R., CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Hobart, TAS, Australia	A unique feature of the subtropical South Indian Ocean is the existence of anticyclonic eddies that have higher chlorophyll concentrations than cyclonic eddies. Off Western Australia, this anomalous behavior is related to the seeding of anticyclonic eddies with shelf water enriched in phytoplankton biomass and nutrients. Further off-shore, two mechanisms have been suggested to explain the eddy/chlorophyll relationship: (i) eddies originating from the Australian coast maintain their chlorophyll anomaly while propagating westward; and (ii) eddy-induced Ekman upwelling (downwelling) enhances (dampens) nutrient supply in anticyclonic (cyclonic) eddies. Here we describe the relationship between eddies and surface chlorophyll within the South Indian Ocean, and discuss possible mechanisms to explain the anomalous behavior in light of new analyses performed using satellite chlorophyll data. We show that anticyclonic eddies exhibit higher surface chlorophyll concentration than cyclonic eddies across the entire South Indian Ocean basin (from 20 to 28S), particularly in winter. Using Self Organizing Maps we analyze the chlorophyll patterns within anticyclonic eddies and cyclonic eddies and highlight their complexity. Our analysis suggests that multiple mechanisms may underlie the observed eddy/chlorophyll relationship. Based on Argo float data, we postulate the relationship may be partly related to seasonal adjustment of the mixed layer depth within eddies. Deeper mixing in anticyclonic eddies is expected to enhance nutrient supply to the mixed layer, while shallower mixing in cyclonic eddies is expected to reduce it. This could explain why the observed winter surface chlorophyll bloom is stronger in anticyclonic eddies than in cyclonic eddies. © 2014. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.	chlorophyll; convective mixing; Eddies; eddy-induced Ekman pumping; self-organizing map	anticyclone; Argo; biomass; chlorophyll; eddy; Ekman layer; mixed layer; phytoplankton; satellite data; upwelling; Australia; Indian Ocean; Indian Ocean (South); Western Australia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943448356	Impact of mesoscale meteorological processes on anomalous radar propagation conditions over the northern Adriatic area	Telišman Prtenjak M., Horvat I., Tomažic I., Kvakic M., Viher M., Grisogono B.	2015	Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres	120	17	10.1002/2014JD022626	Department of Geophysics, Andrija Mohorovičic Geophysical Institute, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Meteorological and Hydrological Service, Zagreb, Croatia; EUMETSAT/HE Space Operations, Frankfurt, Germany; ILRI, Nairobi, Kenya; Croatian Military Academy Petar Zrinski, Zagreb, Croatia	Telišman Prtenjak, M., Department of Geophysics, Andrija Mohorovičic Geophysical Institute, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Horvat, I., Meteorological and Hydrological Service, Zagreb, Croatia; Tomažic, I., EUMETSAT/HE Space Operations, Frankfurt, Germany; Kvakic, M., ILRI, Nairobi, Kenya; Viher, M., Croatian Military Academy Petar Zrinski, Zagreb, Croatia; Grisogono, B., Department of Geophysics, Andrija Mohorovičic Geophysical Institute, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia	The impact of mesoscale structures on the occurrence of anomalous propagation (AP) conditions for radio waves, including ducts, superrefractive, and subrefractive conditions, was studied. The chosen meteorological situations are the bora wind and the sporadic sea/land breeze (SB/LB) during three selected cases over a large portion of the northern Adriatic. For this purpose, we used available radio soundings and numerical mesoscale model simulations (of real cases and their sensitivity tests) at a horizontal resolution of 1.5-km and 81 vertical levels. The model simulated the occurrences of AP conditions satisfactorily, although their intensities and frequency were underestimated at times. Certain difficulties appeared in reproducing the vertical profile of the modified refractive index, which is mainly dependent on the accuracy of the modeled humidity. The spatial distributions of summer AP conditions reveal that the surface layer above the sea (roughly between 30 and 100 m asl) is often covered by superrefractive conditions and ducts. The SB is highly associated with the formations of AP conditions: (i) in the first 100-m asl, where trapping and superrefractive conditions form because of the advection of cold and moist air, and (ii) inside the transition layer between the SB body and the elevated return flow in the form of subrefractive conditions. When deep convection occurs, all three types of AP conditions are caused by the downdraft beneath the cumulonimbus cloud base in its mature phase that creates smaller but marked pools of cold and dry air. The bora wind usually creates a pattern of AP conditions associated with the hydraulic jump and influences distribution of AP conditions over the sea surface. ©2015. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.	bora; mixing length; moist convection; sea/land breeze; SST; WRF	accuracy assessment; advection; convection; land breeze; mesoscale meteorology; mixing ratio; numerical model; radar; radio wave; sea breeze; sea surface temperature; spatial distribution; wave propagation; Adriatic Sea; Mediterranean Sea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940714174	TEC prediction performance of IRI-2012 model during a very low and a high solar activity phase over equatorial regions, Uganda	Tariku Y.A.	2015	Journal of Geophysical Research A: Space Physics	120	7	10.1002/2015JA021203	Department of Physics, University of Ambo, Ambo, Ethiopia	Tariku, Y.A., Department of Physics, University of Ambo, Ambo, Ethiopia	This paper examines the capacity of the latest version of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI-2012) model in predicting the vertical total electron content (VTEC) variation over Uganda during a very low solar activity phase (2009) and a high solar activity (2012) phase. This has been carried out by comparing the ground-based Global Positioning System (GPS) VTEC inferred from dual-frequency GPS receivers installed at Entebbe (geographic latitude 0.038N and longitude 32.44E; geomagnetic latitude -9.53N and longitude 104.06E) and Mbarara (geographic latitude -0.60N and longitude 30.74E; geomagnetic latitude -10.02N and longitude 102.36E). In this work, the diurnal, monthly, and seasonal variations in the measured VTEC have been analyzed and compared with the VTEC derived from IRI-2012 model. It has been shown that the lowest diurnal peak GPS-VTEC values are observed in the June solstice months during both the low and the high solar activity phases. Similarly, the highest diurnal peak IRI-2012 VTEC values are observed in equinoctial months during both phases. The variability of the VTEC in both the experimental and model is minimal nearly at 03:00 UT (06:00 LT) and maximal mostly between 10:00 and 13:00 UT (13:00-16:00 LT) during both phases. The diurnal highest peak modeled VTEC value observed during the high solar activity phase is almost twice larger than the diurnal highest peak modeled VTEC value depicted during the low solar activity phase. Moreover, the highest monthly mean hourly measured VTEC value observed in October during the high solar activity phase is larger by more than twice the corresponding highest monthly mean hourly measured VTEC value observed in November during the low solar activity phase. Similarly, the lowest monthly measured VTEC value observed in July during the high solar activity phase is larger by more than twice the corresponding lowest measured monthly VTEC value observed in the same month during the low solar activity phase. It has also been shown that the highest measured seasonal mean hourly VTEC values are observed in the December solstice and the March equinox, respectively, during the low and the high solar activity phases, while the corresponding lowest measured VTEC values are observed in the June solstice during both phases. The model prediction generally follows the monthly and seasonal variations of measured VTEC, with the highest and the lowest monthly values being observed in equinoctial and solstice months, respectively, during both phases. The overall results show that the modeled diurnal, monthly, and seasonal VTEC values are generally larger than those corresponding measured VTEC values observed during both the low and the high solar activity phases, with the largest deviations being observed during the low solar activity phase. Moreover, the model does not respond to the effects resulting from the storm. Hence, unlike the measured VTEC values, the modeled VTEC values are unaffected by the storm. © 2015. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.	equatorial ionosphere; GPS-VTEC; high solar activity; IRI-2012 VTEC; low solar activity	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84955488320	The role of SANSA's geomagnetic observation network in space weather monitoring: A review	Kotzé P.B., Cilliers P.J., Sutcliffe P.R.	2015	Space Weather	13	10	10.1002/2015SW001279	South African National Space Agency, Space Science, Hermanus, South Africa	Kotzé, P.B., South African National Space Agency, Space Science, Hermanus, South Africa; Cilliers, P.J., South African National Space Agency, Space Science, Hermanus, South Africa; Sutcliffe, P.R., South African National Space Agency, Space Science, Hermanus, South Africa	Geomagnetic observations play a crucial role in the monitoring of space weather events. In a modern society relying on the efficient functioning of its technology network such observations are important in order to determine the potential hazard for activities and infrastructure. Until recently, it was the perception that geomagnetic storms had no or very little adverse effect on radio communication and electric power infrastructure at middle- and low-latitude regions like southern Africa. The 2003 Halloween storm changed this perception. In this paper we discuss the role of the geomagnetic observation network operated by the South African National Space Agency (SANSA) in space weather monitoring. The primary objective is to describe the geomagnetic data sets available to characterize and monitor the various types of solar-driven disturbances, with the aim to better understand the physics of these processes in the near-Earth space environment and to provide relevant space weather monitoring and prediction. ©2015. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.	geomagnetism; observatories; space weather	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952050678	Hydroentanglement nonwoven filters for air filtration and its performance evaluation	Patanaik A., Anandjiwala R.D.	2010	Journal of Applied Polymer Science	117	3	10.1002/app.30561	CSIR Materials Science and Manufacturing, Fibres and Textiles Competence Area, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa; Department of Textile Science, Faculty of Science, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa	Patanaik, A., CSIR Materials Science and Manufacturing, Fibres and Textiles Competence Area, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa; Anandjiwala, R.D., CSIR Materials Science and Manufacturing, Fibres and Textiles Competence Area, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa, Department of Textile Science, Faculty of Science, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa	New nonwoven filters are developed for air filtration application with the help of hydroentanglement bonding technique. Different types of nonwoven filters are produced by varying the hydroentanglement processing parameters. The changes in nonwoven filter properties after prolonged exposure to working conditions under cyclic compression play an important role in its long-term performance characteristics. The performance of the developed filters are evaluated in terms of changes in pore characteristics, filtration parameters, and strength after cyclic compression and compared with the corresponding values before subjecting it to cyclic compression. The developed filter shows good performance characteristics for air filtration with low pressure drop and high efficiency in capturing micron and submicron size particles without any significant changes in its strength. Theoretical understanding of the fluid flow emerging from the nozzles during the hydroentanglement process is simulated by the computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Based on the fluid drag force and impact force of the water jets, a mechanism of fiber bonding is proposed. The impact force of the water jets and fluid drag forces plays an important role in the mechanism of fiber bonding. Nozzle condition also plays an important role in economizing this process. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	Compression; Fibers; Orientation; Simulations	Air filtration; Bonding techniques; Compression; Cyclic compression; Fiber bonding; Fluid drag force; Fluid flow; High efficiency; Hydroentanglement; Impact force; Long term performance; Low pressure drop; Nonwoven filter; Performance characteristics; Performance evaluation; Pore characteristics; Processing parameters; Sub-micron size particles; Water jets; Working conditions; Bonding; Computational fluid dynamics; Drag; Fibers; Fluids; Gas dynamics; Jets; Nonwoven fabrics; Nozzles; Weaving; Air filters; bonding; compression; filter; filtration; fluid flow; force; hydroentangling; impact; nonwoven fabric; nozzle; particle size; performance assessment; water jet	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856721286	Synthesis and evaluation of comb-type copolymers prepared via atom transfer radical polymerization as possible cold flow improvers in GTL diesel fuels	Norah Maithufi M., Joubert D.J., Klumperman B.	2012	Journal of Applied Polymer Science	124	4	10.1002/app.35268	Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands; Sasol Technology R and D, 1 Klasie Havenga Street, Sasolburg, South Africa; Department of Polymer Science and Chemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa	Norah Maithufi, M., Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands, Sasol Technology R and D, 1 Klasie Havenga Street, Sasolburg, South Africa; Joubert, D.J., Sasol Technology R and D, 1 Klasie Havenga Street, Sasolburg, South Africa; Klumperman, B., Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands, Department of Polymer Science and Chemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa	Statistical comb-type copolymers of styrene (Sty) and stearyl methacrylate (C18 MA) with varying [styrene]:[C18MA] ratios were synthesized by a controlled/living radical polymerization technique called atom transfer radical polymerization. The polymeric materials were evaluated in selected SASOL Fischer Tropsch gas-to-liquid diesels as possible cold flow improvers. Crystallization studies revealed that as the styrene content of the copolymer increased, a crystal growth inhibition mechanism was exhibited. With an increase in styrene content of the copolymer, differential scanning calorimetry and the cloud filter plugging point (CFPP) revealed a delay in onset of crystallization and lowered CFPP, respectively, whereas low-temperature microscopy indicated modifications and size reduction of wax crystals. However, there appeared to be a styrene content, beyond which the additive's efficiency decreased. Homopolymer and copolymers with the highest styrene content led to long unfavorable needle-shaped crystals. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP); cold filter plugging point (CFPP); cold flow properties; comb-type copolymers; GTL diesel	Cold filter plugging point; Cold flow improver; cold flow properties; Comb-type copolymer; Controlled/living radical polymerization; Crystal growth inhibition; Filter plugging; Fischer Tropsch; GTL diesel; Low temperatures; Size reductions; Stearyl methacrylate; Wax crystals; Copolymers; Crystal growth; Diesel fuels; Differential scanning calorimetry; Polymerization; Styrene; Atom transfer radical polymerization	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881543915	The influence of solvent properties on the performance of polysulfone/β-cyclodextrin polyurethane mixed-matrix membranes	Adams F.V., Nxumalo E.N., Krause R.W.M., Hoek E.M.V., Mamba B.B.	2013	Journal of Applied Polymer Science	130	3	10.1002/app.39378	Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1593, United States	Adams, F.V., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; Nxumalo, E.N., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; Krause, R.W.M., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; Hoek, E.M.V., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1593, United States; Mamba, B.B., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa	This study investigates the effect of solvent properties on the structural morphology and permeation properties of polysulfone/β-cyclodextrin polyurethane (PSf/β-CDPU) mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs). The membranes were prepared by a modified phase-inversion route using four different casting solvents [dimethyl formamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethyl acetamide (DMA), and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)]. While DMSO-based membranes demonstrated particularly high permeability (ca 147 L/m2h.bar), their crystallinity was low compared to MMMs prepared using DMA, DMF and NMP due to the formation of thin active layers on their surfaces. Cross-sectional morphology revealed that the MMMs have a dense top skin with finger-like inner pore structures. Membranes prepared using NMP displayed the highest hydrophilicity, porosity, and crystallinity due to the low volatility of NMP; DMF membranes exhibited superior mechanical and thermal stability due to its (DMF) high hydrogen bonding (δH) values. Thus, the morphological parameters, bulk porosity, and flux performance of MMMs have a significant inter-relationship with the solubility properties of each solvent (i.e., δH, density, volatility, solubility parameter). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	blends; membranes; morphology; polyurethanes; properties and characterization	Cross-sectional morphology; Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); Mixed-matrix membranes; Morphological parameters; N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone; Permeation properties; Solubility parameters; Structural morphology; Blending; Cyclodextrins; Dimethyl sulfoxide; Hydrogen bonds; Morphology; Organic solvents; Polyurethanes; Porosity; Solubility; Solvents; Membranes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888353954	Investigation of the crystalline phase morphology of a β-nucleated impact polypropylene copolymer	Motsoeneng T.S., Luyt A.S., Van Reenen A.J.	2014	Journal of Applied Polymer Science	131	4	10.1002/app.39923	Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State (Qwaqwa Campus), Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa; Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Motsoeneng, T.S., Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State (Qwaqwa Campus), Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa; Luyt, A.S., Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State (Qwaqwa Campus), Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa; Van Reenen, A.J., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	This study covers the preparation and the characterization of β-nucleated impact polypropylene copolymer (NA-IPC). Calcium stearate (CaSt), as well as pimelic (Pim) and adipic (Adi) acids, were doped into IPC as mono- or bicomponent nucleating agents (NAs) at varying mass ratios. Possible chemical interactions between the NAs and with IPC, as well as the effect of the NAs on the crystallization behavior and nonisothermal crystallization kinetics, were investigated. DSC and XRD results revealed that IPC nucleated with Pim and Pim-CaSt nucleants induced up to 90% β-crystals, whereas Adi and Adi-CaSt formed only about 17% β-crystals. This was associated with the strong nucleation efficiency of Pim. The nonisothermal crystallization kinetics showed that the crystallization of IPC and NA-IPC followed a three-dimensional growth with athermal nucleation mechanism. FTIR showed that none of the NAs chemically reacted with IPC, and the chemical structure of the polymer was thus intact during the treatment. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	copolymers; crystallization; differential scanning calorimetry (DSC); kinetics; X-ray	Chemical interactions; Crystallization behavior; Impact polypropylene copolymer; Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics; Nucleation efficiency; Nucleation mechanism; Structure of the polymers; Three-dimensional growth; Copolymers; Crystallization; Differential scanning calorimetry; Enzyme kinetics; Isotherms; Kinetics; Nucleation; X rays; Polypropylenes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896400985	Performance of novel hyperbranched poly(aryl-ether-urea)s doped with N3-dye in nanocrystalline DSSC	Sathiyaraj S., Vanjinathan M., Shanavas A., Amudha S., Suthanthiraraj S.A., Nasar A.S.	2014	Journal of Applied Polymer Science	131	12	10.1002/app.40408	Department of Polymer Science, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Tamil Nadu, Chennai 25, India; PG and Research Department of Chemistry, D. G. Vaishnav College Tamil Nadu, Chennai 106, India; Chemical, Metallurgical and Material Engineering, Polymer Technology Division, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Energy, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Tamil Nadu, Chennai 25, India	Sathiyaraj, S., Department of Polymer Science, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Tamil Nadu, Chennai 25, India; Vanjinathan, M., PG and Research Department of Chemistry, D. G. Vaishnav College Tamil Nadu, Chennai 106, India; Shanavas, A., Chemical, Metallurgical and Material Engineering, Polymer Technology Division, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Amudha, S., Department of Energy, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Tamil Nadu, Chennai 25, India; Suthanthiraraj, S.A., Department of Energy, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Tamil Nadu, Chennai 25, India; Nasar, A.S., Department of Polymer Science, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Tamil Nadu, Chennai 25, India	An amine-terminated hyperbranched poly(aryl-ether-urea) (HBPEU) was prepared from an AB2-type blocked isocyanate monomer and then its end groups were modified into urea (M-HBPEU) by reaction with phenyl isocyanate. Both of the polymers were doped with N3-dye along with KI/I2 to work as efficient polymer electrolytes in nanocrystalline dye sensitized solar cell. The increment in the conductivity of doped HBPEU and doped M-HBPEU was very significant and reached its value at 8.2 × 10-3 and 4.1 × 10-2 S/cm, respectively. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of these two doped polymers measured under simulated sunlight with AM 1.5 at 60 mW/cm2 generate photocurrent of 2.5 and 3.6 mA/cm2, together with a photo voltage of 690 and 750 mV, and fill factor of 0.55 and 0.61 yielding a overall energy conversion efficiency of 2.4% and 4.1%, respectively. These results suggest that M-HBPEU show better cell performance and conductance properties than the HBPEU. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	blocked isocyanate monomer; dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC); hyperbranched poly (aryl-ether-urea); ion conducting polymer; photovoltaic applications; polymer electrolyte	Conducting polymers; Energy conversion; Ethers; Monomers; Polyelectrolytes; Solar cells; Urea; Blocked isocyanates; Dye-sensitized solar cells; Hyperbranched; Ion-conducting polymers; Photovoltaic applications; Polymer electrolyte; Metabolism	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84923170948	Prognostic impact of lymph node metastasis in distal cholangiocarcinoma	Kiriyama M., Ebata T., Aoba T., Kaneoka Y., Arai T., Shimizu Y., Nagino M., Fukami Y., Miyake H., Sakamoto E., Takara D., Shirai K., Ohira S., Tojima Y., Hashimoto M., Akutagawa A., Yamaguchi R., Morofuji N., Kawahara T., Asaba Y., Mizuno S., Kawai S., Ya	2015	British Journal of Surgery	102	4	10.1002/bjs.9752	Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Aichi Cancer Centre Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Department of General Surgery, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan; Department of Surgery, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan; Department of Surgery, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo, Japan; Toyota Kosei Hospital, Toyota, Japan; Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Kiryu Kosei General Hospital, Kiryu, Japan; Yamashita Hospital, Ichinomiya, Japan; Handa City Hospital, Handa, Japan; Social Insurance Chukyo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Chubu Rosai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Kasugai Municipal Hospital, Kasugai, Japan; Gifu Prefectural Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives for Health and Welfare Kumiai Hospital, Takayama, Japan; Daido Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Enshu Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Shizuoka Kosei Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan; Tsushima City Hospital, Tsushima, Japan; Tokai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Tokai Municipal Hospital, Tokai, South Africa; Yachiyo Hospital, Anjo, Japan; Chita City Hospital, Chita, Russian Federation	Kiriyama, M., Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan; Ebata, T., Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan; Aoba, T., Department of General Surgery, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan; Kaneoka, Y., Department of Surgery, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan; Arai, T., Department of Surgery, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo, Japan; Shimizu, Y., Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Aichi Cancer Centre Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Nagino, M., Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan; Fukami, Y., Toyota Kosei Hospital, Toyota, Japan; Miyake, H., Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Sakamoto, E., Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Takara, D., Kiryu Kosei General Hospital, Kiryu, Japan; Shirai, K., Yamashita Hospital, Ichinomiya, Japan; Ohira, S., Handa City Hospital, Handa, Japan; Tojima, Y., Social Insurance Chukyo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Hashimoto, M., Chubu Rosai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Akutagawa, A., Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Yamaguchi, R., Kasugai Municipal Hospital, Kasugai, Japan; Morofuji, N., Gifu Prefectural Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives for Health and Welfare Kumiai Hospital, Takayama, Japan; Kawahara, T., Daido Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Asaba, Y., Enshu Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; Mizuno, S., Shizuoka Kosei Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan; Kawai, S., Tsushima City Hospital, Tsushima, Japan; Yamamoto, H., Tokai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Ikuta, K., Tokai Municipal Hospital, Tokai, South Africa; Matsubara, H., Yachiyo Hospital, Anjo, Japan; Watanabe, T., Chita City Hospital, Chita, Russian Federation	Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the prognostic impact of lymph node metastasis in cholangiocarcinoma using three different classifications. Methods: Patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for distal cholangiocarcinoma in 24 hospitals in Japan between 2001 and 2010 were included. Survival was calculated by means of the Kaplan-Meier method and differences between subgroups were assessed with the log rank test. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify independent predictors of survival. χ2 scores were calculated to determine the cut-off value of the number of involved nodes, lymph node ratio (LNR) and total lymph node count (TLNC) for discriminating survival. Results: Some 370 patients were included. The median (range) TLNC was 19 (3-59). Nodal metastasis occurred in 157 patients (42.4 per cent); the median (range) number of involved nodes and LNR were 2 (1-19) and 0-11 (0.02-0.80) respectively. Four or more involved nodes was associated with a significantly shorter median survival (1.3 versus 2.2years; P = 0.001), as was a LNR of at least 0.17 (1.4 versus 2.3years; P = 0.002). Involvement of nodes along the common hepatic artery, present in 21 patients (13.4 per cent), was also associated with a shorter survival (median 1.3 versus 2.1years; P = 0.046). Multivariable analysis among 157 node-positive patients identified the number of involved nodes as an independent prognostic factor (risk ratio 1.87; P = 0.002). Conclusion: The number of involved nodes was a strong predictor of survival in patients with distal cholangiocarcinoma. © 2015 BJS Society Ltd.	None	adult; aged; Bile Duct Neoplasms; Cholangiocarcinoma; clinical trial; conservative treatment; female; human; intrahepatic bile duct; Japan; Kaplan Meier method; lymph node; lymph node dissection; lymph node metastasis; male; middle aged; mortality; multicenter study; pancreaticoduodenectomy; pathology; procedures; prognosis; prospective study; secondary; very elderly; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bile Duct Neoplasms; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Cholangiocarcinoma; Female; Humans; Japan; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Lymph Node Excision; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Middle Aged; Organ Sparing Treatments; Pancreaticoduodenectomy; Prognosis; Prospective Studies	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84923427644	Self-governance for sustainable global supply chains: Can it deliver the impacts needed?	Vermeulen W.J.V.	2015	Business Strategy and the Environment	24	2	10.1002/bse.1804	Utrecht University - Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht, Netherlands; Stellenbosch University - Sustainability Institute, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Vermeulen, W.J.V., Utrecht University - Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht, Netherlands, Stellenbosch University - Sustainability Institute, Stellenbosch, South Africa	The world community convened in Rio de Janeiro in June 2012 for the third UN Conference on Sustainable Development. We are, however, increasingly facing major persistent threats, which despite being known for a few decades are still far from being solved - or are even still increasing. On the individual business level, this has four major implications: increased social pressures; possible reputational damage; exposure to resource wars; and front-running competitors adjusting their value chain strategies. In supply chain governance this leads to four main types of strategies: do it yourself; join forces; the 5C-approach and harmonising. The key question is: is this sufficient? Imagine 2022 - where will we be 10 years after Rio 2012? Is a rapid and structural transition to a circular and fair global economy possible, using this path of self-governance for products traded in the global economic arena? This will strongly depend on four key factors: rapid growth of consumer demand; 'all-inclusiveness' of these supply chain governance approaches; successful uplifting production practices of all suppliers; and addressing the major issues of unsustainability. Here we see various serious weaknesses, like the lack of third-order evaluation and biases causing some of the more recent issues to be overlooked and less visible supply chains. The challenge is to develop a form of 'meta'-governance, including new approaches by governments, combining public policy strategies with the demonstrated virtues of self-governance. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.	Certification; Global trade; Governance; Sustainable supply chains	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650356805	The use of real options valuation methodology in enhancing the understanding of the impact of climate change on companies	Tyler E., Chivaka R.	2011	Business Strategy and the Environment	20	1	10.1002/bse.668	Genesis Analytics, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Accounting University of Cape Town, South Africa	Tyler, E., Genesis Analytics, Cape Town, South Africa; Chivaka, R., Department of Accounting University of Cape Town, South Africa	Climate change has in recent years gathered traction on the business, political and social agenda. From the business perspective, research has shown that climate change impacts on company value are uncertain, significant and strategically important. The challenge therefore is for the business community to apply financial valuation models that support the incorporation of the climate change impacts in strategic planning. However, the commonly used discounted cash flow techniques in capital budgeting are seen as failing to address the high levels of uncertainties inherent in climate change impacts. Real options thinking has been touted as having the potential to enhance understanding of these impacts via its direct handling of uncertainty, although not much research has been done to demonstrate this. Using an illustrative case study, this research presents an argument for introducing the real options approach, a new method for valuing options of future strategic action by companies in a setting that exhibits climate change impacts. The objective of this research is to contribute to the literature on strategic tools for addressing climate change and ultimately offer some management insights that can narrow the gap between finance theory and business practice. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.	Biomass power generation projects; Case study; Clean development mechanism; Climate change; Discounted cash flow; Financial valuation techniques; Real options; Strategic investment	business cycle; clean development mechanism; climate change; climate effect; industrial investment; industrial policy; industrial production; research work; uncertainty analysis; valuation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-47149086230	Proximal great saphenous vein cut down: An evaluation of techniques and anatomical considerations	Briers N., Morris I., Boon J.M., Meiring J.H., Franz R.C.	2008	Clinical Anatomy	21	5	10.1002/ca.20643	Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Briers, N., Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Morris, I., Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Boon, J.M., Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Meiring, J.H., Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Franz, R.C., Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Cut-down techniques by which emergency venous access can be achieved are important, particularly, in the resuscitation of haemodynamically depleted patients where percutaneous access to collapsed veins is a problem. The aim was to evaluate the efficacy of different methods that are used to locate the proximal great saphenous vein in the thigh and to describe the vein's immediate course. A further component was to identify the position of the valves in the proximal great saphenous vein. Needles were placed in 42 cadaver thighs as defined by the techniques identified from the literature and surgical practice. After a detailed dissection, the vein's relation to these needles was measured and the course of the vein and number of valves noted in relation to easily identifiable landmarks. Landmarks in 2.5-cm intervals on a line from the pubic tubercle to the adductor tubercle of the femur were used. The rule of two's, an experimental method by one of the authors, along with Dronen's second method localized the vein most successfully. The course of the vein was scrutinized and found to have a rather direct course as it proceeded medially toward the saphenous hiatus. The largest population of valves could be found in the proximal 5 cm (76%) with a valve in the confluence of the great saphenous vein and the femoral vein being the most common. Valve populations were found to decrease in number from proximal to distal, which would have implications with the placement of catheters into the vein for fluid resuscitation. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.	Clinical anatomy; Cut-down techniques; Emergency venous access; Great saphenous vein; Valves	adult; aged; article; cadaver; cut down technique; dissection; dronen 2 method; dronen method; experimental method; femur; fluid resuscitation; hemodynamic monitoring; human; human tissue; intermethod comparison; new simon method; priority journal; saphenous vein; surgical anatomy; surgical technique; traditional method; vascular access; vein surgery; Adult; Aged; Dissection; Humans; Middle Aged; Needles; Saphenous Vein	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-31544462587	Assessment of heavy-metal profile of the New Calabar River and its impact on juvenile Clarias gariepinus	Wegwu M.O., Akaninwor J.O.	2006	Chemistry and Biodiversity	3	1	10.1002/cbdv.200690010	Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Wegwu, M.O., Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Akaninwor, J.O., Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	We have determined the heavy-metal status of the lower reaches of the New Calabar River in the Niger Delta region over a 40-km-long distance, and its impact on the development of catfish (juvenile Clarias gariepinus). The total mean concentrations of dissolved trace metals in the river were 0.01, 0.85, 0.56, 2.08, 0.05, 12.0, and 6.59 mg/l for Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, and Zn, respectively. The accumulated concentration of trace metals in the muscles of different mature fish caught from the river were examined, and the results fell within the action levels adopted in most countries. To evaluate the contributions of trace metals to fisheries depletion, eggs of C. gariepinus were hatched in dilution water spiked with the total mean metal levels determined in the river water. Our results indicate substantive inhibition of egg hatch even at very low concentrations of the majority of the trace metals studied, with mortality rates well above 50% after 216 h of exposure (Table 5). These findings suggest that trace metals (except for Zn), even at very low concentrations, negatively affect fish hatch and fry rearing, implying that aquatic milieus contaminated by trace metals are not suitable as nursery grounds for fish cultures. © 2006 Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta.	None	cadmium; chromium; copper; heavy metal; iron; lead; mercury; river water; trace metal; zinc; animal tissue; aquatic environment; article; breeding; catfish; concentration (parameters); controlled study; death; environmental exposure; environmental impact assessment; fishery; geography; hatching; Nigeria; nonhuman; pisciculture; river; tissue distribution; water pollution; Age Factors; Animals; Catfishes; Metals, Heavy; Nigeria; Rivers; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Animalia; Clarias gariepinus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34948812581	Chemical and biogenophysical impact of four-dimensional (4D) seismic exploration in sub-Saharan Africa, and restoration of dysfunctionalized mangrove forests in the prospect areas	Osuji L.C., Ayolagha G., Obute G.C., Ohabuike H.C.	2007	Chemistry and Biodiversity	4	9	10.1002/cbdv.200790172	Petroleum and Environmental Chemistry Research Group, Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Port Harcourt, PMB 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Department of Soil Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Ha	Osuji, L.C., Petroleum and Environmental Chemistry Research Group, Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Port Harcourt, PMB 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Ayolagha, G., Department of Soil Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Obute, G.C., Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Port Harcourt, PMB 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Ohabuike, H.C., EPG-PN-TTSP, Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Four-dimensional (4D) seismic exploration, an improved geophysical technique for hydrocarbon-data acquisition, was applied for the first time in the Nembe Creek prospect area of Nigeria. The affected soils were slightly alkaline in situ when wet (pH 7.2), but extremely acidic when dry (pH 3.0). The organic carbon content (4.6-26.8%) and other physicochemical properties of soils and water (N, P, and heavy-metal contents, etc.) were higher than the baseline values obtained in 2001 before seismic profiling. Most values also exceeded the baseline compliance standards of the Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA). Rehabilitation of the affected areas was achieved by stabilizing the mangrove floor by liming and appropriate application of nutrients, followed by replanting the cut seismic lines over a distance of 1,372 km with different mangrove species, including juvenile Rhizophora racemosa, R. mangle, and Avicennia species, which were transferred from nursery points. Quicker post-operational intervention is recommended for future 4D surveys, because the time lag between the end of seismic activity and post-impact investigation is critical in determining the relationship between activity and impact: the longer the intervening period, the more mooted the interaction. © 2007 Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta AG, Zürich.	None	heavy metal; hydrocarbon; organic carbon; water; petroleum; article; Avicennia; biogeography; chemical analysis; controlled study; ecosystem regeneration; environmental protection; mangrove; Nigeria; nutrient; petrochemical industry; pH; physical chemistry; Rhizophora mangle; Rhizophora racemosa; soil pollution; water contamination; world health organization; methodology; Rhizophoraceae; soil; tree; Avicennia; Rhizophora racemosa; Conservation of Natural Resources; Hydrocarbons; Metals, Heavy; Nigeria; Petroleum; Rhizophoraceae; Soil; Trees	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-49649112709	Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 4-substituted 1-{[4-(10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin-5-yl)phenyl]methylidene} thiosemicarbazides as new class of potential antiprotozoal agents	Bhat A.R., Athar F., Van Zyl R.L., Chen C.-T., Azam A.	2008	Chemistry and Biodiversity	5	5	10.1002/cbdv.200890073	Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India; Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India; Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa	Bhat, A.R., Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India; Athar, F., Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India; Van Zyl, R.L., Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Chen, C.-T., Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Azam, A., Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India	A novel series of 4-substituted 1-{[4-(10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin-5-yl) phenyl]methylidene}thiosemicarbazide, 4a -4n, was synthesized in 9-21% yield by the condensation of 4-(10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin-5-yl)benzaldehyde (3) with various substituted thiosemicarbazides in presence of catalytic amount of AcOH. These compounds were assayed for in vitro antiamoebic activity, and the results showed that out of 14 compounds 9 were found with IC50 values lower than metronidazole corresponding to 1.05- to 4.7-fold increase in activity. MTT Assay showed that all the compounds are nontoxic to human kidney epithelial cell line. 4-(m-Toluidinyl)-1-{[4- (10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin-5-yl)phenyl]methylidene} thiosemicarbazide (4h) showed the highest antiamoebic activity with least cytotoxicity. Some of the compounds were screened for their antimalarial activities and ability to inhibit β-haematin formation, but none of them showed an activity better than chloroquine and quinine. Only one compound out of six showed an activity comparable to standard drug. © 2008 Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta AG, Zürich.	None	1,2,3,4 tetrahydro n' [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]quinoline 1 carbothiohydrazide; 3 (4,5 dimethyl 2 thiazolyl) 2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide; 4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)benzaldehyde; 4 (2 chlorobenzyl) 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 (2 methylphenyl) 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 (3 methylphenyl) 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 (4 methylphenyl) 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 benzyl 4 phenyl 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 cyclohexyl 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 cyclohexyl 4 methyl 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 cyclooctyl 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 cyclopentyl 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 methyl 4 phenyl 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 methyl n' [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]piperizine 1 carbothiohydrazide; 4 phenyl n' [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]piperazine 1 carbothiohydrazide; 5 [4 (1,3 dioxolan 2 yl)phenyl] 10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin; antiprotozoal agent; chloroquine; hematin; metronidazole; n' [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]pyrrolidine 1 carbothiohydrazide; quinine; thiosemicarbazide derivative; unclassified drug; antiprotozoal agent; porphyrin; semicarbazide derivative; thiosemicarbazide; antimalarial activity; article; controlled study; cytotoxicity; drug screening; drug synthesis; Entamoeba histolytica; epithelium cell; human; human cell; IC 50; in vitro study; inhibition kinetics; kidney epithelium; protein synthesis; Amoeba; animal; chemical structure; chemistry; classification; drug effect; Plasmodium; structure activity relation; synthesis; Amoeba; Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Molecular Structure; Plasmodium; Porphyrins; Semicarbazides; Structure-Activity Relationship	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79954567431	In vitro evaluation of antileishmanial activity and toxicity of essential oils of Artemisia absinthium and Echinops kebericho	Tariku Y., Hymete A., Hailu A., Rohloff J.	2011	Chemistry and Biodiversity	8	4	10.1002/cbdv.201000331	Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Plant Biocentre, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway	Tariku, Y., Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Hymete, A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Hailu, A., Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Rohloff, J., Plant Biocentre, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway	Potential toxicity, costs, and drug-resistant pathogens necessitate the development of new antileishmanial agents. Medicinal and aromatic plants constitute a major source of natural organic compounds. In this study, essential oils of Artemisia absinthium L. and Echinops kebericho Mesfin were investigated by GC and GC/MS analyses. Isolated oils were screened for antileishmanial activity against two Leishmania strains (L. aethiopica and L. donovani), and toxicity on the human monocytic leukemia (THP-1) cell line and red blood cells in vitro. GC/MS Analysis revealed 65 compounds (93.74%) for Artemisia absinthium and 43 compounds (92.85%) for Echinops kebericho oil. The oils contained the oxygenated monoterpene camphor (27.40%) and the sesquiterpene lactone dehydrocostus lactone (41.83%) as major constituents, respectively. Both oils showed activity against promastigote (MIC 0.0097-0.1565 μl/ml) and axenic amastigote forms (EC50 0.24-42.00 nl/ml) of both leishmania species. Weak hemolytic effect was observed for both oils, showing a slightly decreased selectivity index (SI 0.8-19.2) against the THP-1 cell line. Among the two oils tested, E. kebericho exerted strong antileishmanial activity that was even higher than that of amphotericin B with significant cytotoxicity. This study, therefore, demonstrated the potential use of both oils as source of novel agents for the treatment of leishmaniasis. Copyright © 2011 Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta AG, Zürich.	Antileishmanial activity; Artemisia absinthium; Echinops kebericho; Essential oils	antileishmanial agent; Artemisia absinthium extract; camphor; Echinops kebericho extract; essential oil; sesquiterpene lactone derivative; terpene derivative; unclassified drug; antiprotozoal activity; Artemisia absinthium; article; Asteraceae; cytotoxicity; Echinops kebericho; erythrocyte; hemolysis; human; human cell; in vitro study; Leishmania donovani; mass fragmentography; monocytic leukemia; nonhuman; promastigote; Antiprotozoal Agents; Artemisia absinthium; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Echinops Plant; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hemolysis; Humans; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oils, Volatile; Artemisia absinthium; Dryobalanops; Leishmania aethiopica; Leishmania donovani	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84869748833	Imidazopyridine-based inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase 3: Synthesis and evaluation of amide isostere replacements of the carboxamide scaffold	Yngve U., Söderman P., Svensson M., Rosqvist S., Arvidsson P.I.	2012	Chemistry and Biodiversity	9	11	10.1002/cbdv.201200308	Medicinal Chemistry IScience, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Neuroscience IScience, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Project Management, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	Yngve, U., Medicinal Chemistry IScience, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Söderman, P., Medicinal Chemistry IScience, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Svensson, M., Medicinal Chemistry IScience, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Rosqvist, S., Neuroscience IScience, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Arvidsson, P.I., Project Management, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden, School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	In this study, we explored the effect of bioisostere replacement in a series of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) inhibitors based on the imidazopyridine core. The synthesis and biological evaluation of a number of novel sulfonamide, 1,2,4-oxadiazole, and thiazole derivates as amide bioisosteres, as well as a computational rationalization of the obtained results are reported. © 2012 Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta AG, Zürich.	1,2,4-Oxadiazoles; Bioisosteres; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK3); Imidazopyridine; Inhibitors; Sulfonamides; Thiazoles	1,2,4 oxadiazole derivative; 2 [4 (morpholin 4 ylmethyl)phenyl] 7 [2 (piperidin 1 yl) 1,3 thiazol 4 yl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine hydrochloride; 2 [4 (morpholin 4 ylmethyl)phenyl] 7 [3 (propan 2 yl) 1,2,4 oxadiazol 5 yl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine hydrochloride; 2 [4 (morpholin 4 ylmethyl)phenyl] 7 [3 (pyridin 3 yl) 1,2,4 oxadiazol 5 yl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine hydrochloride; 3 [4[[2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridin 7 yl]sulfonyl]piperazin 1 yl]propanenitrile; 7 [2 (morpholin 4 yl) 1,3 thiazol 4 yl] 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine hydrochloride; 7 [2 (piperidin 1 yl) 1,3 thiazol 4 yl] 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine hydrochloride; 7 [3 (2 methoxyethyl) 1,2,4 oxadiazol 5 yl] 2 [4 (morpholin 4 ylmethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine hydrochloride; amide; glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitor; imidazopyridine derivative; n (2 hydroxy 1 phenylethyl) 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine 7 sulfonamide hydrochloride; n (2 methoxyethyl) n methyl 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine 7 sulfonamide hydrochloride; n (3 methoxypropyl) 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine 7 sulfonamide hydrochloride; n [3 (1h imidazol 1 yl)propyl] 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine 7 sulfonamide hydrochloride; n cyclopentyl 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine 7 sulfonamide hydrochloride; thiazole derivative; unclassified drug; article; drug design; drug potency; drug screening; drug stability; drug structure; drug synthesis; drug transformation; human; human cell; Drug Design; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; Humans; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Oxadiazoles; Pyridines; Sulfonamides; Thiazoles	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957979922	Autoreduction and Catalytic Performance of a Cobalt Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Catalyst Supported on Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Spheres	Xiong H., Moyo M., Rayner M.K., Jewell L.L., Billing D.G., Coville N.J.	2010	ChemCatChem	2	5	10.1002/cctc.200900309	DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa	Xiong, H., DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; Moyo, M., School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa, School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; Rayner, M.K., School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; Jewell, L.L., School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; Billing, D.G., DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; Coville, N.J., DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa	[No abstract available]	Autoreduction; Carbon; Cobalt; Fischer-Tropsch synthesis; Supported catalysts	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940720688	Effects of Organic Modifiers on a Palladium Catalyst in the Competitive Hydrogenation of 1-Octene Versus Octanal: An Evaluation of Solid Catalysts with an Ionic Liquid Layer	Miller S.F., Friedrich H.B., Holzapfel C.W., Dasireddy V.D.B.C.	2015	ChemCatChem	7	17	10.1002/cctc.201500401	School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa	Miller, S.F., School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Friedrich, H.B., School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Holzapfel, C.W., Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa; Dasireddy, V.D.B.C., School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private bag X54001, Durban, South Africa	The competitive hydrogenation between 1-octene and octanal has been investigated with a ≈5% palladium on alumina catalyst prepared in situ with the following organic modifiers: pyridine, 1-methylimidazole, 1,3-dimethylimidazole methylsulfate, 1,3-dimethylimidazole bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and methyltri-sec-butylphosphonium methylsulfate. The results of these investigations indicate that the ionic liquid modifiers have significant and specific effects on catalytic performance, for example, certain systems can completely suppress octanal conversion. In addition, analytical techniques reveal that the matrix and quantity of organic species on the used catalysts are different if different ionic liquids are used as modifiers. Surface studies also reveal that the modifiers have a noticeable effect on the crystallite size and chemisorption properties of the catalysts. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.	chemisorption; heterogeneous catalysis; hydrogenation; ionic liquids; palladium	Alumina; Catalysis; Catalyst activity; Catalysts; Chemisorption; Crystallite size; Hydrogenation; Liquids; Palladium; 1-methylimidazole; Catalytic performance; Liquid modifiers; Organic modifier; Organic species; Palladium catalyst; Palladium on alumina; Specific effects; Ionic liquids	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-68649121417	Centrifugal pump performance calculation for homogeneous suspensions	Graham L.J.W., Pullum L., Slatter P., Sery G., Rudman M.	2009	Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering	87	4	10.1002/cjce.20192	CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, PO Box 56, Highett, VIC 3190, Australia; Private Consultant, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Rheology and Materials Processing Centre, School of Civil Environmental and Chemical Engineering, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Flow Process Research Centre, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa; CSIRO Mathematical and Information Sciences, Private Bag 33 Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia	Graham, L.J.W., CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, PO Box 56, Highett, VIC 3190, Australia; Pullum, L., Private Consultant, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Slatter, P., Rheology and Materials Processing Centre, School of Civil Environmental and Chemical Engineering, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sery, G., Flow Process Research Centre, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa; Rudman, M., CSIRO Mathematical and Information Sciences, Private Bag 33 Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia	Centrifugal pumps are widely used for transporting suspensions, but their head performance is derated when non-Newtonian fluids and/or coarse solids are present. Some head deration methods are available for high viscosity Newtonian fluids, Bingham plastic fluids and for coarse solids in water. This paper presents a modification of the Hydraulic Institute head deration method that is suitable for any homogeneous non-Newtonian rheology. A modification of the Walker and Goulas method is also considered. Possible anomalous behaviour of kaolin slurries in centrifugal pumps is discussed. ©2009 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering.	Multiphase flows	Bingham plastic fluids; Head performance; Homogeneous suspensions; Newtonian fluids; Non-Newtonian fluids; Non-Newtonian rheology; Centrifugal pumps; Fluid dynamics; Hydraulic machinery; Kaolin; Multiphase flow; Newtonian liquids; Non Newtonian flow; Pumping plants; Pumps; Rheology; Viscosity; Suspensions (fluids)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-72849151026	Impact of discharged wastewater final effluent on the physicochemical qualities of a receiving watershed in a suburban community of the eastern Cape Province	Osode A.N., Okoh A.I.	2009	Clean - Soil, Air, Water	37	12	10.1002/clen.200900098	Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa	Osode, A.N., Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa; Okoh, A.I., Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa	Failures of sewage treatment systems, both within and outside South Africa, are most commonly ascribed to inadequate facilities and other factors resulting in the production of poor quality effluents with attendant negative consequences on the receiving watershed. The impact of the final effluent of a wastewater treatment facility in a suburban community of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa on the physicochemical qualities of the receiving watershed was assessed between August 2007 and July 2008. Water quality parameters were analyzed according to the South African Department of Water Affairs and Forestry standards. The effluent quality was acceptable with respect to the pH (6.9-7.8), temperature (13.8-22.0°C), dissolved oxygen (DO) (4.9-7.8 mg/L), salinity (0.12-0.17 psu), total dissolved solids (TDS) (119-162 mg/L) and nitrite concentration (0.1-0.4 mg/L). The other physicochemical parameters that did not comply with regulated standards include the following: phosphate (0.1-4.0 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (5-211 mg/L), electrical conductivity (EC) (237-325 μS/cm), and turbidity (7.7-62.7 NTU). The results suggest that eutrophication is intensified in the vicinity of the effluent discharge points, where phosphate and nitrate were found in high concentrations. The discharged final effluents had detrimental effects on the receiving body of water, thus suggesting the need for regular and consistent intervention by appropriate monitoring and compliance agencies to ensure adherence to acceptable standards for discharged effluents. © 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.	References	discharge; dissolved oxygen; effluent; nitrite; pH; physicochemical property; salinity; sewage treatment; suburban area; waste treatment; wastewater; water quality; water treatment; watershed; Eastern Cape; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-55949121913	Reversed chloroquines based on the 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one scaffold: Synthesis and evaluation for antimalarial, β-haematin inhibition, and cytotoxic activity	October N., Watermeyer N.D., Yardley V., Egan T.J., Ncokazi K., Chibale K.	2008	ChemMedChem	3	11	10.1002/cmdc.200800172	Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom	October, N., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Watermeyer, N.D., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Yardley, V., Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Egan, T.J., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Ncokazi, K., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Chibale, K., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	(Chemical Equation Presented) The synthesis, cytotoxicity, and antimalarial activity of resistance-reversing bifunctional dihydropyrimidone-chloroquinoline conjugates are reported herein. In vitro assay results indicate this class of compounds is highly active against both chloroquine-resistant and chloroquine-sensitive strains of P. falciparum. © 2008 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.	Dihydropyrimidinones; Drug design; Quinoline-containing antimalarials; Reversing agents; Sensitizers	antimalarial agent; chloroquine; hemoprotein; hemozoin; pyrimidine derivative; animal; article; biological model; chemical model; chemical structure; chemistry; drug antagonism; drug design; IC 50; metabolism; methodology; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; structure activity relation; synthesis; Animals; Antimalarials; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Chloroquine; Drug Design; Hemeproteins; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Biological; Models, Chemical; Molecular Structure; Pyrimidines; Structure-Activity Relationship	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857730058	Sulfonimidamides as Sulfonamides Bioisosteres: Rational Evaluation through Synthetic, in Vitro, and in Vivo Studies with γ-Secretase Inhibitors	Sehgelmeble F., Janson J., Ray C., Rosqvist S., Gustavsson S., Nilsson L.I., Minidis A., Holenz J., Rotticci D., Lundkvist J., Arvidsson P.I.	2012	ChemMedChem	7	3	10.1002/cmdc.201200014	Medicinal Chemistry, iScience, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; DMPK, iScience, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Neuroscience, iScience, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Box 574, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	Sehgelmeble, F., Medicinal Chemistry, iScience, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Janson, J., DMPK, iScience, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Ray, C., Medicinal Chemistry, iScience, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Rosqvist, S., Neuroscience, iScience, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Gustavsson, S., Neuroscience, iScience, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Nilsson, L.I., Medicinal Chemistry, iScience, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Minidis, A., Medicinal Chemistry, iScience, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Holenz, J., Medicinal Chemistry, iScience, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Rotticci, D., Medicinal Chemistry, iScience, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Lundkvist, J., Neuroscience, iScience, CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Arvidsson, P.I., CNSP iMed, AstraZeneca R and D Södertälje, Västra Mälarehamnen 9, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden, Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Box 574, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden, School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	[No abstract available]	Bioisosteres; Drugs; Gamma-secretase; Sulfonamides; Sulfonimidamides	begacestat; functional group; gamma secretase inhibitor; gsi 136; sulfonamide; sulfonimidamide; unclassified drug; article; in vitro study; in vivo study; lipophilicity; plasma protein binding; priority journal; solubility; synthesis; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases; Animals; Brain; Cells, Cultured; Female; Hepatocytes; Humans; Injections, Subcutaneous; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neuroprotective Agents; Stereoisomerism; Sulfonamides	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949792518	Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Novel Ferroquine and Phenylequine Analogues as Potential Antiplasmodial Agents	Jacobs L., De Kock C., De Villiers K.A., Smith P.J., Smith V.J., Van Otterlo W.A.L., Blackie M.A.L.	2015	ChemMedChem	10	12	10.1002/cmdc.201500349	Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Department of Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X2 Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa	Jacobs, L., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; De Kock, C., Department of Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X2 Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; De Villiers, K.A., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Smith, P.J., Department of Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X2 Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Smith, V.J., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Van Otterlo, W.A.L., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Blackie, M.A.L., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa	7-Chloroquinoline-based antimalarial drugs are effective in the inhibition of hemozoin formation in the food vacuole of the Plasmodium parasite, the causative agent of malaria. We synthesized five series of ferroquine (FQ) and phenylequine (PQ) derivatives, which display good in vitro efficacy toward both the chloroquine-sensitive (CQS) NF54 (IC50: 4.2 nm) and chloroquine-resistant (CQR) Dd2 (IC50: 33.7 nm) strains of P. falciparum. Several compounds were found to have good inhibitory activity against β-hematin formation in an NP-40 detergent assay, with IC50 values ranging between 10.4 and 19.2 μm. © 2015 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.	ferroquine; malaria; oxalamide; phenylequine; β-hematin	antimalarial agent; aromatic amine; artesunate; beta hematin; chloroquine; ethyl 2 [[2 (7 chloroquinolin 4 ylamino)ethyl] [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]benzyl]amino] 2 oxoacetate; ethyl 2 [[3 (7 chloroquinolin 4 ylamino)propyl] [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]benzyl]amino] 2 oxoacetate; ferroquine; hematin; n 1 (7 chloroquinolin 4 yl) n 2 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]benzyl]butan 1,4 diamine; n 1 (7 chloroquinolin 4 yl) n 2 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]benzyl]hexan 1,6 diamine; n 1 (7 chloroquinolin 4 yl) n 2 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocenylmethyl]ethan 1,2 diamine; n 1 (7 chloroquinolin 4 yl) n 3 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocenylmethyl]propan 1,3 diamine; n 1 (7 chloroquinolin 4 yl) n 4 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocenylmethyl]butan 1,4 diamine; n 1 (7 chloroquinolin 4 yl) n 5 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]benzyl]pentan 1,5 diamine; n 1 (7 chloroquinolin 4 yl) n 5 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocenylmethyl]penta 1,5 diamine; n 1 (7 chloroquinolin 4 yl) n 6 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]benzyl]hexan 1,6 diamine; n 1 (7 chloroquinolin 4 yl) n 6 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocenylmethyl]hexane 1,6 diamine; n 1 [2 (7 chloroquinolin 4 ylamino)ethyl] n 2 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]benzyl]oxalamide; n 1 [2 (7 chloroquinolin 4 ylamino)ethyl] n 2 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocenylmethyl]oxalamide; n 1 [2 (7 chloroquinolin 4 ylamino)ethyl] n 4 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocenylmethyl]oxalamide; n 1 [3 (7 chloroquinolin 4 ylamino)ethyl] n 3 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]benzyl]oxalamide; n 1 [3 (7 chloroquinolin 4 ylamino)ethyl] n 3 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocenylmethyl]oxalamide; n 1 [4 (7 chloroquinolin 4 ylamino)ethyl] n 4 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]benzyl]oxalamide; n 1 [4 (7 chloroquinolin 4 ylamino)ethyl] n 4 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocenylmethyl]oxalamide; n 1 [5 (7 chloroquinolin 4 ylamino)ethyl] n 5 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocenylmethyl]oxalamide; n 1 [6 (7 chloroquinolin 4 ylamino)ethyl] n 6 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]benzyl]oxalamide; n 1 [6 (7 chloroquinolin 4 ylamino)ethyl] n 6 [2 [(dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocenylmethyl]oxalamide; phenylequine derivative; unclassified drug; unindexed drug; antimalarial activity; antimalarial drug resistance; Article; carbon nuclear magnetic resonance; cross resistance; drug design; drug efficacy; drug screening; drug synthesis; follow up; hydrogen bond; IC50; in vitro study; infrared spectroscopy; nonhuman; Plasmodium falciparum; priority journal; proton nuclear magnetic resonance; X ray diffraction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-47249092869	Evaluation of the mental health continuum-short form (MHC-SF) in Setswana-speaking South Africans	Keyes C.L.M., Wissing M., Potgieter J.P., Temane M., Kruger A., van Rooy S.	2008	Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy	15	3	10.1002/cpp.572	Emory University, Department of Sociology, 1555 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; North-West University, South Africa	Keyes, C.L.M., Emory University, Department of Sociology, 1555 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Wissing, M., North-West University, South Africa; Potgieter, J.P., North-West University, South Africa; Temane, M., North-West University, South Africa; Kruger, A., North-West University, South Africa; van Rooy, S., North-West University, South Africa	A continuous assessment and a categorical diagnosis of the presence of mental health, described as flourishing, and the absence of mental health, characterized as languishing, is applied to a random sample of 1050 Setswana-speaking adults in the Northwest province of South Africa. Factor analysis revealed that the mental health continuum-short form (MHC-SF) replicated the three-factor structure of emotional, psychological and social well-being found in US samples. The internal reliability of the overall MHC-SF Scale was 0.74. The total score on the MHC-SF correlated 0.52 with a measure of positive affect, between 0.35 and 0.40 with measures of generalized self-efficacy and satisfaction with life, and between 0.30 and 0.35 with measures of coping strategies, sense of coherence, and community collective self-efficacy. The total score on the MHC-SF correlated -0.22. with the total score on the General Health Questionnaire. Criteria for the categorical diagnosis were applied, and findings revealed that 20% were flourishing, 67.8% were moderately mentally healthy, and 12.2% were languishing. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the hypothesized two-continua model of mental health and mental illness found in the USA. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	None	adult; affect; aged; article; controlled study; coping behavior; correlation analysis; cultural factor; emotionality; factorial analysis; female; General Health Questionnaire; human; language ability; life satisfaction; major clinical study; male; mental disease; mental health; Mental Health Continuum Short Form; priority journal; psychological well being; psychometry; reliability; self concept; social aspect; South Africa; United States; Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Female; Health Status Indicators; Health Surveys; Humans; Internal-External Control; Language; Male; Mental Disorders; Mental Health; Middle Aged; Psychometrics; Quality of Life; Questionnaires; Reproducibility of Results; Rural Population; Self Efficacy; South Africa; Translating; Urban Population	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-60249099900	Corporate social and environmental reporting and the impact of internal environmental policy in South Africa	Mitchell C.G., Hill T.	2009	Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management	16	1	10.1002/csr.179	University of Maine, Farmington, Business Department, Farmington, ME, United States; University of KwaZulu-Natal, Discipline of Geography, School of Environmental Science, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa; University of Maine, Farmington, Business Department, 270 Main Street, Farmington, ME 04938, United States	Mitchell, C.G., University of Maine, Farmington, Business Department, Farmington, ME, United States, University of Maine, Farmington, Business Department, 270 Main Street, Farmington, ME 04938, United States; Hill, T., University of KwaZulu-Natal, Discipline of Geography, School of Environmental Science, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa	The paper investigates the development and use of corporate social and environmental reporting by businesses within a large municipality in South Africa. There is a strong call for improved CSR, and a greater degree of accountability and transparency by business. The survey was conducted through the use of interviews following a structured questionnaire with the Global Reporting Initiative used as an appropriate framework. This approach allowed us to determine the challenges businesses face in implementing a comprehensive CSR system in the South African context and why, other than companies which are part of a group, businesses are unable or unwilling to increase external reporting. We suggest that implementation of a comprehensive and externally controlled and certified standard, such as ISO 14001 would not only reduce environmental impacts, but facilitate increased CSR. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-42449088085	Performance of the panleucogating protocol for CD4+ T cell enumeration in an HIV dedicated laboratory facility in Barbados	Sippy-Chatrani N., Marshall S., Branch S., Carmichael-Simmons K., Landis R.C., Abayomi A.	2008	Cytometry Part B - Clinical Cytometry	74	SUPPL. 1	10.1002/cyto.b.20406	Ladymeade Reference Unit, Ministry of Health, Barbados; Edmund Cohen Laboratory for Vascular Research, University of the West Indies, Cavehill Campus, Barbados; School of Clinical Medicine and Research, University of the West Indies, Cavehill Campus, Barbados; Tygerberg Academic Hospital and Medical School, University of Stellenbosch, Capetown, South Africa; Ladymeade Reference Unit, Ladymeade Gardens, Jemmott's Lane, St. Michael, Barbados	Sippy-Chatrani, N., Ladymeade Reference Unit, Ministry of Health, Barbados, Ladymeade Reference Unit, Ladymeade Gardens, Jemmott's Lane, St. Michael, Barbados; Marshall, S., Ladymeade Reference Unit, Ministry of Health, Barbados; Branch, S., Ladymeade Reference Unit, Ministry of Health, Barbados; Carmichael-Simmons, K., Ladymeade Reference Unit, Ministry of Health, Barbados; Landis, R.C., Edmund Cohen Laboratory for Vascular Research, University of the West Indies, Cavehill Campus, Barbados; Abayomi, A., Ladymeade Reference Unit, Ministry of Health, Barbados, School of Clinical Medicine and Research, University of the West Indies, Cavehill Campus, Barbados, Tygerberg Academic Hospital and Medical School, University of Stellenbosch, Capetown, South Africa	Objective: To compare the Panleucogating (PLG) protocol with the routinely used four-color protocol for CD4+ T cell count enumeration. Design and Methods: One hundred fifty-three blood samples were randomly selected from samples received at the National HIV Laboratory for routine immunological monitoring. Samples were prepared using Coulter CYTO-STAT® tetraCHROME monoclonal antibodies and FlowCARE™ PLG CD4 reagent for four-color and PLG, respectively, and analyzed on the Beckman Coulter EPICS XL flow cytometer. The PLG protocol used a sequential gating strategy where CD4+ T cells were identified using side scatter properties of cells and CD45 staining. The four-color protocol used CD45 and CD3 to identify CD4+ T cells. Results: Absolute CD4+ T cell counts and percentages ranged from 4 to 1,285 cells/μL and 0.9 to 46.7%, respectively. Linear regression analyses revealed good correlation of PLG with the four-color protocol (absolute counts, R2 = 0.95; percentages, R2 = 0.98) over the entire range including the clinically relevant range. Bland Altman statistics revealed no bias for CD4 counts <500 cells/μL and a slight underestimation by PLG for counts >500 cells/μL (Bias = -32.7 cells/μL; 95% agreement limits = -151.3- +86.0). CD4+ T cell percentages were the similar over the entire range (Bias = 0.6%; 95% agreement limits = -1.97 ± 3.18). Conclusions: PLG is an accurate method for enumerating CD4+ T cells and has resulted in major cost savings to the Government of Barbados. This has implications for the sustainability of the National HIV containment program in Barbados and the other resource limited Caribbean countries. The PLG technique is now being routinely used in Barbados. © 2008 Clinical Cytometry Society.	CD4 T cell enumeration; Flow cytometry; Four-color gating; Panleucogating	monoclonal antibody; article; blood sampling; CD4 lymphocyte count; CD4+ T lymphocyte; data analysis; flow cytometry; human; human cell; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunological monitoring; leukocyte; linear regression analysis; lymphocyte count; major clinical study; priority journal; T lymphocyte; Barbados; cost; economics; immunology; laboratory; methodology; pathology; regression analysis; standard; Barbados; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Costs and Cost Analysis; HIV Infections; Humans; Laboratories; Regression Analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-75149117396	From research tool to routine test: CD38 monitoring in HIV patients	Coetzee L.M., Tay S.S., Lawrie D., Janossy G., Glencross D.K.	2009	Cytometry Part B - Clinical Cytometry	76	6	10.1002/cyto.b.20478	Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Collaborative Transplantation Research Group, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia	Coetzee, L.M., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Tay, S.S., Collaborative Transplantation Research Group, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Lawrie, D., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Janossy, G., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Glencross, D.K., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Background: CD38 expression on CD8+ T lymphocytes in HIV-infected patients is monitored by flow cytometry (FCM). There is however no consensus re CD38 protocols, analyses or result reporting within/ between laboratories. Internal quality control measures (QC) were established for a standardized CD38 protocol and a system proposed for reporting CD38 fluctuation in longitudinal HIV+ patient monitoring. Methods: A single-platform (SP) CD38/CD8 protocol was "piggy-backed" onto the standardized "panleucogating" CD45/CD4+ protocol. A weekly QC was established to monitor instrument stability (Flow-SETTM) and absolute cell count accuracy and reproducibility (stabilized blood product, Immuno-TrolTM). The Mean Fluorescence Intensity (MFI) of CD38 expression on CD8+-lymphocytes was monitored on both stabilized blood and HIV-control samples. Linearized MFI values were determined from biological controls, i.e. healthy donor monocytes and granulocytes, and tested as a method of reporting CD38 expression on selected HIV+ patients on ART. Results: The CD45/CD4/CD8/CD3 method for lymphocyte enumeration compared well with the CD38 protocol (CD45/CD4/CD8/CD38) with excellent similarity (±100%) and precision for absolute CD4 and CD8 counts (CVs < 5%). Fluorosphere MFI- (FlowSetTM, FlowCountTM) and color compensation values were exceptionally stable over time. CD38 MFI values established on monocytes as biological control was 4.0 and <2.0 for HIV-control lymphocytes. Conclusions: Monitoring FCM with fluorosphere MFI values, color compensation, and biological controls, can ensure that CD38 analyses are technologically stable. Flow cytometry is thus the preferred method to monitor fluctuations in CD38 MFI (CD38 molecules/cell) associated with HIV-disease progression and/or response to ART and has potential for application across instruments and centers. © 2009 Clinical Cytometry Society.	CD38; CD4; CD8; HIV infection; Panleucogating; Quality control; Standardization	CD3 antigen; CD38 antigen; CD4 antigen; CD8 antigen; antigen expression; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; CD8+ T lymphocyte; controlled study; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test; disease course; flow cytometry; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; medical research; patient monitoring; priority journal; quality control; Antigens, CD38; Antigens, CD45; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Disease Progression; Flow Cytometry; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Quality Control; Reproducibility of Results; T-Lymphocyte Subsets	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876468432	Transbronchial fine needle aspiration biopsy and rapid on-site evaluation in the setting of superior vena cava syndrome	Brundyn K., Koegelenberg C.F.N., Diacon A.H., Louw M., Schubert P., Bolliger C.T., Van Den Heuvel M.M., Wright C.A.	2013	Diagnostic Cytopathology	41	4	10.1002/dc.21857	Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University, P O Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa	Brundyn, K., Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University, P O Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505, Cape Town, South Africa; Koegelenberg, C.F.N., Department of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Diacon, A.H., Department of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Louw, M., Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University, P O Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505, Cape Town, South Africa; Schubert, P., Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University, P O Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505, Cape Town, South Africa; Bolliger, C.T., Department of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Van Den Heuvel, M.M., Department of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Wright, C.A., Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University, P O Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505, Cape Town, South Africa	There is a paucity of prospective data on flexible bronchoscopy with rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) in the setting of superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome. The aims of this prospective study were to assess the diagnostic yield and safety of these investigations and specifically to evaluate the role of ROSE in limiting the need for tissue biopsies. Over a 5-year period 48 patients (57.4 ± 9.7 years) with SVC syndrome secondary to intrathoracic tumors underwent flexible bronchoscopy with TBNA and ROSE. Endobronchial Forceps biopsy was reserved for visible endobronchial tumors with no on-site confirmation of diagnostic material. ROSE confirmed diagnostic material in 41 cases (85.4%), and in only one of the remaining cases did the addition of a forceps biopsy increase the diagnostic yield (overall diagnostic yield of 87.5%). No serious complications were noted. The final diagnoses made included nonsmall lung cancer (n = 27), small cell lung cancer (n = 16), and metastatic carcinoma (n = 3). Two undiagnosed cases died of suspected advanced neoplasms (unknown primary tumors). We conclude that TBNA has a high diagnostic yield and is safe in the setting of SVC syndrome. With the addition of ROSE, tissue biopsy is required in the minority of cases. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	bronchogenic carcinoma; rapid on-site evaluation; superior vena cava syndrome; transbronchial fine needle aspiration biopsy	adult; advanced cancer; aged; article; breast carcinoma; bronchoscopy; clinical article; clinical evaluation; diagnostic value; female; fine needle aspiration biopsy; human; lung non small cell cancer; lung small cell cancer; male; metastasis; priority journal; prospective study; prostate carcinoma; rapid on site evaluation; superior cava vein syndrome; thorax tumor; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; cell nucleus; evaluation study; fine needle aspiration biopsy; middle aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; nuclear shape; procedures; sensitivity and specificity; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma; Superior Vena Cava Syndrome; Aged; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Bronchoscopy; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Cell Nucleus; Cell Nucleus Shape; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma; Superior Vena Cava Syndrome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904573626	Comparing determinants of alien bird impacts across two continents: Implications for risk assessment and management	Evans T., Kumschick S., Dyer E., Blackburn T.	2014	Ecology and Evolution	4	14	10.1002/ece3.1144	Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom; Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, United Kingdom; Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; King Saud University, Riyadh, 1145, Saudi Arabia; Environment Institute, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia	Evans, T., Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom; Kumschick, S., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Dyer, E., Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, United Kingdom, Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Blackburn, T., Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, United Kingdom, King Saud University, Riyadh, 1145, Saudi Arabia, Environment Institute, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia	Invasive alien species can have serious adverse impacts on both the environment and the economy. Being able to predict the impacts of an alien species could assist in preventing or reducing these impacts. This study aimed to establish whether there are any life history traits consistently correlated with the impacts of alien birds across two continents, Europe and Australia, as a first step toward identifying life history traits that may have the potential to be adopted as predictors of alien bird impacts. A recently established impact scoring system was used in combination with a literature review to allocate impact scores to alien bird species with self-sustaining populations in Australia. These scores were then tested for correlation with a series of life history traits. The results were compared to data from a previous study in Europe, undertaken using the same methodology, in order to establish whether there are any life history traits consistently correlated with impact across both continents. Habitat generalism was the only life history trait found to be consistently correlated with impact in both Europe and Australia. This trait shows promise as a potential predictor of alien bird impacts. The results support the findings of previous studies in this field, and could be used to inform decisions regarding the prevention and management of future invasions. © 2014 The Authors.	Alien birds; Biological invasion; Habitat generalism; Impact prediction; Life history traits; Risk assessment	None	SNSF, Swiss National Science Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84931269184	Diversity of honey stores and their impact on pathogenic bacteria of the honeybee, Apis mellifera	Erler S., Denner A., Bobiş O., Forsgren E., Moritz R.F.A.	2014	Ecology and Evolution	4	20	10.1002/ece3.1252	Departamentul de Apicultură şi Sericicultură, Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Institut für Biologie, Molekulare Ökologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 4, Halle, Germany; Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7044, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Erler, S., Departamentul de Apicultură şi Sericicultură, Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Institut für Biologie, Molekulare Ökologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 4, Halle, Germany; Denner, A., Departamentul de Apicultură şi Sericicultură, Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Institut für Biologie, Molekulare Ökologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 4, Halle, Germany; Bobiş, O., Departamentul de Apicultură şi Sericicultură, Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Forsgren, E., Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7044, Uppsala, Sweden; Moritz, R.F.A., Departamentul de Apicultură şi Sericicultură, Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Institut für Biologie, Molekulare Ökologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 4, Halle, Germany, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Honeybee colonies offer an excellent environment for microbial pathogen development. The highest virulent, colony killing, bacterial agents are Paenibacillus larvae causing American foulbrood (AFB), and European foulbrood (EFB) associated bacteria. Besides the innate immune defense, honeybees evolved behavioral defenses to combat infections. Foraging of antimicrobial plant compounds plays a key role for this "social immunity" behavior. Secondary plant metabolites in floral nectar are known for their antimicrobial effects. Yet, these compounds are highly plant specific, and the effects on bee health will depend on the floral origin of the honey produced. As worker bees not only feed themselves, but also the larvae and other colony members, honey is a prime candidate acting as self-medication agent in honeybee colonies to prevent or decrease infections. Here, we test eight AFB and EFB bacterial strains and the growth inhibitory activity of three honey types. Using a high-throughput cell growth assay, we show that all honeys have high growth inhibitory activity and the two monofloral honeys appeared to be strain specific. The specificity of the monofloral honeys and the strong antimicrobial potential of the polyfloral honey suggest that the diversity of honeys in the honey stores of a colony may be highly adaptive for its "social immunity" against the highly diverse suite of pathogens encountered in nature. This ecological diversity may therefore operate similar to the well-known effects of host genetic variance in the arms race between host and parasite. © 2014 The Authors.	Paenibacillus larvae; American foulbrood; Antimicrobial activity; Disease ecology; European foulbrood; Host-parasite interaction; Self-medication	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886261567	Non-linear feeding functional responses in the Greater Flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus) predict immediate negative impact of wetland degradation on this flagship species	Deville A.-S., Grémillet D., Gauthier-Clerc M., Guillemain M., Von Houwald F., Gardelli B., Béchet A.	2013	Ecology and Evolution	3	5	10.1002/ece3.554	Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, 13200 Arles, France; Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS UMR 5175, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France; FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Departement Chrono-Environnement, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 USC INRA, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France; Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, CNERA Avifaune Migratrice, La Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, F-13200 Arles, France; Basel zoo, Bachlettenstrasse 75, 4054 Basel, Switzerland	Deville, A.-S., Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, 13200 Arles, France, Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS UMR 5175, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France; Grémillet, D., Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS UMR 5175, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France, FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Gauthier-Clerc, M., Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, 13200 Arles, France, Departement Chrono-Environnement, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 USC INRA, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France; Guillemain, M., Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, CNERA Avifaune Migratrice, La Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, F-13200 Arles, France; Von Houwald, F., Basel zoo, Bachlettenstrasse 75, 4054 Basel, Switzerland; Gardelli, B., Basel zoo, Bachlettenstrasse 75, 4054 Basel, Switzerland; Béchet, A., Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, 13200 Arles, France	Accurate knowledge of the functional response of predators to prey density is essential for understanding food web dynamics, to parameterize mechanistic models of animal responses to environmental change, and for designing appropriate conservation measures. Greater flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus), a flagship species of Mediterranean wetlands, primarily feed on Artemias (Artemia spp.) in commercial salt pans, an industry which may collapse for economic reasons. Flamingos also feed on alternative prey such as Chironomid larvae (e.g., Chironomid spp.) and rice seeds (Oryza sativa). However, the profitability of these food items for flamingos remains unknown. We determined the functional responses of flamingos feeding on Artemias, Chironomids, or rice. Experiments were conducted on 11 captive flamingos. For each food item, we offered different ranges of food densities, up to 13 times natural abundance. Video footage allowed estimating intake rates. Contrary to theoretical predictions for filter feeders, intake rates did not increase linearly with increasing food density (type I). Intake rates rather increased asymptotically with increasing food density (type II) or followed a sigmoid shape (type III). Hence, flamingos were not able to ingest food in direct proportion to their abundance, possibly because of unique bill structure resulting in limited filtering capabilities. Overall, flamingos foraged more efficiently on Artemias. When feeding on Chironomids, birds had lower instantaneous rates of food discovery and required more time to extract food from the sediment and ingest it, than when filtering Artemias from the water column. However, feeding on rice was energetically more profitable for flamingos than feeding on Artemias or Chironomids, explaining their attraction for rice fields. Crucially, we found that food densities required for flamingos to reach asymptotic intake rates are rarely met under natural conditions. This allows us to predict an immediate negative effect of any decrease in prey density upon flamingo foraging performance. © 2013 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.	Artemia spp; Attack rate; Conservation; Filter feeder; Food intake rate; Handling time; Salt pans	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892479381	Modelling the impacts of reforestation on the projected hydroclimatology of Niger River Basin, West Africa	Oguntunde P.G., Abiodun B.J., Lischeid G., Merz C.	2014	Ecohydrology	7	1	10.1002/eco.1343	Institute of Landscape Hydrology, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany; Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Soil, Water and Environment Section, Department of Agricultural Engineering, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Oguntunde, P.G., Institute of Landscape Hydrology, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany, Soil, Water and Environment Section, Department of Agricultural Engineering, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Abiodun, B.J., Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Lischeid, G., Institute of Landscape Hydrology, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany; Merz, C., Institute of Landscape Hydrology, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany	This study simulates the impacts of reforestation on hydroclimatology of Niger River Basin (NRB) under enhanced greenhouse gases (GHGs). A regional climate model (RegCM3) was used to dynamically downscale hydroclimatological variables of NRB for present-day (PRS), and for future climate scenarios (with and without reforestation). The data were further analysed to detect changes in water balance components and the moisture recycling ratios. Under A1B scenario, warmer climate was projected over the entire basin in all seasons, a drier climate during the rainy season, and a wetter climate during the dry season. Reforestation along NRB (GBR) reduces the GHG warming over the basin both seasons, but increases it north-east of the basin in July-September (JAS). Both reforestation scenarios could enhance rainfall over the reforested area. With reforestation over Sahel (GSR), seasonal evapotranspiration increases between 3·6% and 14·4%; but with GBR, evapotranspiration reduces between -12·4% and -4·3%. The GSR option offsets the projected annual GHG effects on moisture recycling over the basin. Evaporation coefficient decreased by about 5% under elevated CO2 while runoff coefficient increased. Reforestation reduces the projected warming and drying over the reforested zones because of its influence on the monsoon flow (reduction in speed). Hence, with reforestation in summer, the onset of monsoon delays in bringing in the cool moist air over the area located downwind of the reforested zone; this increases the temperature and reduces rainfall amount over the area. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Climate change; Hydroclimatology; Mitigation; Niger River Basin; Reforestation	Evaporation coefficients; Future climate scenarios; Hydro climatologies; Mitigation; Regional climate models (RegCM3); River basins; Seasonal evapotranspirations; Water balance components; Atmospheric thermodynamics; Carbon dioxide; Climate change; Evapotranspiration; Greenhouse gases; Moisture; Rain; Water recycling; Watersheds; Reforestation; climate change; climate modeling; climatology; dry season; evapotranspiration; future prospect; hydrometeorology; reforestation; water budget; Niger Basin	NRF, Neurosurgical Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925261279	Synthesis of CpM(CO)3-DAB and -PAMAM dendrimer conjugates and preliminary evaluation of their biological activity	Hu W., Hoyer J., Neundorf I., Govender P., Smith G.S., Schatzschneider U.	2015	European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry	2015	9	10.1002/ejic.201403060	Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians- Universität Würzburg, Am HublandWürzburg, Germany; Institut für Biochemie, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 47, Köln, Germany; Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, South Africa	Hu, W., Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians- Universität Würzburg, Am HublandWürzburg, Germany; Hoyer, J., Institut für Biochemie, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 47, Köln, Germany; Neundorf, I., Institut für Biochemie, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 47, Köln, Germany; Govender, P., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, South Africa; Smith, G.S., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, South Africa; Schatzschneider, U., Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians- Universität Würzburg, Am HublandWürzburg, Germany	Dendrimers of different generations and core structures [diaminobutane poly(propylenimine) (DAB) G1, G2, G3; poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) G1] were chosen as carriers for bioactive organometallic half-sandwich complexes of the type CpM(CO)3 (Cp = cyclopentadienyl, M = Mn or Re) to study the influence of these parameters on their biological activity against cancer cells. Structure-activity relationships were determined by variation of the metal center as well as the type, molecular weight, and number of terminal functional groups of the dendrimer conjugates. All conjugates were characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy as well as HPLC. Their biological activity was determined on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells by the resazurin assay. Interestingly, the most-active compounds were the first-generation dendrimer conjugates. The Mn and Re series showed nearly the same activities. Thus, the cytotoxicity of the dendrimer conjugates does not seem to directly correlate with the type or number of terminal functional groups. Rather, it points to a mechanism of action that is different from that previously observed for peptide conjugates with similar CpM(CO)3 functional groups. Dendrimers of different generation and core structure are used as carriers for bioactive organometallic half-sandwich complexes of the type CpM(CO)3 (Cp = cyclopentadienyl, M = Mn or Re). Interestingly, the most-active compounds are the first-generation dendrimer conjugates, and the influence of the metal center is much less pronounced. Copyright © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.	Anticancer activity; Bioorganometallic chemistry; Dendrimers; Manganese; Rhenium	None	National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924350478	Trinuclear half-sandwich RuII, RhIII and IrIII polyester organometallic complexes: Synthesis and in vitro evaluation as antitumor agents	Burgoyne A.R., Makhubela B.C.E., Meyer M., Smith G.S.	2015	European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry	2015	8	10.1002/ejic.201403192	Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa	Burgoyne, A.R., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Makhubela, B.C.E., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Meyer, M., Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa; Smith, G.S., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa	Schiff base ligands obtained from the condensation of 4-aminophenylmethanol and either 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde or salicylaldehyde were used to synthesise bidentate trimeric ester ligands. The trimeric ester ligands were used to prepare a new series of trinuclear polyester organometallic complexes by using the dimeric precursors, [Ru(η6-p-iPrC6H4Me)Cl2]2, [Rh(C5Me5)Cl2]2 or [Ir(C5Me5)Cl2]2. The Schiff base ligands act as bidentate donors to each metal. All compounds were characterised by NMR and IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and EI/ESI mass spectrometry. Model mononuclear analogues were prepared, and the molecular structures of selected compounds were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The mono- and trimeric ligands and the metal complexes were evaluated for inhibitory effects against the human ovarian cancer cell lines, A2780 (cisplatin-sensitive) and A2780cisR (cisplatin-resistant), and the model human skin fibroblast cell line, KMST-6. Polyester-containing trinuclear half-sandwich RuII, RhIII and IrIII complexes were prepared and characterised. The cytotoxicity was investigated for all compounds. Aqueous stability studies and interactions with model DNA 5′-GMP were performed for the most-active compounds. Copyright © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.	Antitumor agents; Bioorganometallic chemistry; Half-sandwich complexes; Polyesters	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861815460	Microwave-assisted synthesis of guanidine organocatalysts bearing a tetrahydroisoquinoline framework and their evaluation in Michael addition reactions	Naicker T., Arvidsson P.I., Kruger H.G., Maguire G.E.M., Govender T.	2012	European Journal of Organic Chemistry	None	17	10.1002/ejoc.201200303	School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag 4000, Durban, South Africa; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden; Innovative Medicines, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Sodertalje, 15185 Sodertalje, Sweden; School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, South Africa	Naicker, T., School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag 4000, Durban, South Africa; Arvidsson, P.I., School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag 4000, Durban, South Africa, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden, Innovative Medicines, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Sodertalje, 15185 Sodertalje, Sweden; Kruger, H.G., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, South Africa; Maguire, G.E.M., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, South Africa; Govender, T., School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag 4000, Durban, South Africa	The simple and practical syntheses of chiral guanidine organocatalysts and their evaluation in the asymmetric Michael addition reaction of malonates and β-keto esters with nitro-olefins is reported. These organocatalysts are the first of their kind based on a tetrahydroisoquinoline framework. In addition, a microwave-assisted procedure for introducing the guanidine unit onto amino amide derivatives is reported. The chiral products were obtained with quantitative chemical efficiency (up to 99 % yield) and excellent enantioselectivity (up to 97 % ee). Copyright © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.	Michael addition; Microwave chemistry; Organocatalysis	None	None
WoS	WOS:000295231700003	The impact of Gacaca tribunals in Rwanda: Psychosocial effects of participation in a truth and reconciliation process after a genocide	Kanyangara, Patrick,Paez, Dario,Rime, Bernard,Yzerbyt, Vincent	2011	EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY	41	6	10.1002/ejsp.822	University of Basque Country, University of Rwanda, Univ Louvain	"Paez, Dario: University of Basque Country",	Victims (N = 200) of the 1994 genocide in Rwanda and prisoners (N = 184) accused of genocidal acts reported their genocide-related emotions and outgroup perceptions before and after their participation to Truth and Reconciliation Gacaca trials. So did control groups of victims (N = 195) and prisoners (N = 176) not yet exposed to Gacaca. The data supported Durkheim's model of social rituals as cultural tools for transforming emotions, reasserting norms, and enhancing cohesion. Specifically, participation entailed the general reactivation of resignation negative emotions, the enhancement of shame among prisoners, and the decrease of shame among victims, whereas the opposite pattern occurred for antagonist emotions. Participation also enhanced social integration by reducing perceived outgroup homogeneity, decreasing ingroup self-categorization, and increasing positive stereotypes among both victim and prisoner participants. Moreover, the increase in genocide-related emotions resulting from participation was associated to positive changes outcomes, suggesting that the increase of negative emotions is an important mechanism at work in collective events of this type. Enhancement of the perception of a positive emotional climate (solidarity and trust) was limited to perpetrator participants. Together, these findings show that Durkheim's model can be extended to restorative justice trials involving both victims and perpetrators. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	,"COLLECTIVE ACTION","EMOTIONAL CLIMATE",FORGIVENESS,"INTERGROUP CONTACT","POSTTRAUMATIC GROWTH",RECIPIENTS,RITUALS	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33748526198	UV-visible and electrochemical monitoring of carbon monoxide release by donor complexes to myoglobin solutions and to electrodes modified with films containing hemin	Obirai J.C., Hamadi S., Ithurbide A., Wartelle C., Nyokong T., Zagal J., Top S., Bedioui F.	2006	Electroanalysis	18	17	10.1002/elan.200603571	Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, UMR CNRS 8151/U INSERM 640, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France; Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Facultad de Química Y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile; Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie des Complexes Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 7576, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France	Obirai, J.C., Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, UMR CNRS 8151/U INSERM 640, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Hamadi, S., Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, UMR CNRS 8151/U INSERM 640, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France; Ithurbide, A., Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, UMR CNRS 8151/U INSERM 640, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France; Wartelle, C., Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, UMR CNRS 8151/U INSERM 640, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France; Nyokong, T., Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Zagal, J., Facultad de Química Y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile; Top, S., Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie des Complexes Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 7576, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France; Bedioui, F., Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, UMR CNRS 8151/U INSERM 640, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France	This study reports on the evaluation of the CO donating behavior of tricarbonyl dichloro ruthenium(II) dimer ([Ru(CO)3Cl 2]2) and 1,3-dimethoxyphenyl tricarbonyl chromium (C 6H3(MeO)2Cr(CO)3) complex by UV-visible technique and electrochemical technique. The CO release was monitored by following the modifications of the UV-visible features of MbFe(II) in phosphate buffer solution and the redox features of reduced Hemin, HmFe(II), confined at the surface of a vitreous carbon electrode. In the latter case, the interaction between the hemin-modified electrode and the released CO was seen through the observation of an increase of the reduction current related to the FeIII/FeII redox process of the immobilized porphyrin. While the ruthenium-based complex, ([Ru(CO)3Cl2] 2), depended on the presence of Fe(II) species to release CO, it was found that the chromium-based complex released spontaneously CO. This was facilitated by illuminating and/or simple stirring of the solution containing the complex. © 2006 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.	Carbon monoxide; Chromium CO-releasing complex; Cyclic voltammetry; Hemin modified electrode; Myoglobin; Ruthenium complex; UV-visible spectrophotometry	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84954323650	Forensic performance of Investigator DIPplex indels genotyping kit in native, immigrant, and admixed populations in South Africa	Hefke G., Davison S., D'Amato M.E.	2015	Electrophoresis	36	24	10.1002/elps.201500243	Forensic DNA Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa; South African Police Service Forensic Science Laboratory, Biology Unit, Panorama, South Africa	Hefke, G., Forensic DNA Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa, South African Police Service Forensic Science Laboratory, Biology Unit, Panorama, South Africa; Davison, S., Forensic DNA Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa; D'Amato, M.E., Forensic DNA Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa	The utilization of binary markers in human individual identification is gaining ground in forensic genetics. We analyzed the polymorphisms from the first commercial indel kit Investigator DIPplex (Qiagen) in 512 individuals from Afrikaner, Indian, admixed Cape Colored, and the native Bantu Xhosa and Zulu origin in South Africa and evaluated forensic and population genetics parameters for their forensic application in South Africa. The levels of genetic diversity in population and forensic parameters in South Africa are similar to other published data, with lower diversity values for the native Bantu. Departures from Hardy-Weinberg expectations were observed in HLD97 in Indians, Admixed and Bantus, along with 6.83% homozygotes in the Bantu populations. Sequencing of the flanking regions showed a previously reported transition G>A in rs17245568. Strong population structure was detected with Fst, AMOVA, and the Bayesian unsupervised clustering method in STRUCTURE. Therefore we evaluated the efficiency of individual assignments to population groups using the ancestral membership proportions from STRUCTURE and the Bayesian classification algorithm in Snipper App Suite. Both methods showed low cross-assignment error (0-4%) between Bantus and either Afrikaners or Indians. The differentiation between populations seems to be driven by four loci under positive selection pressure. Based on these results, we draw recommendations for the application of this kit in SA. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.	Assignment; Indels; Population structure; Positive selection; South Africa	classification algorithm; DNA flanking region; expectation; gene frequency; genetic polymorphism; genetic variability; genotype; homozygote; human; immigrant; indel mutation; Indian; major clinical study; population structure; South Africa; Xhosa (people)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-55949127472	Performance evaluation of a hot-box reflector solar cooker using a microcontroller-based measurement system	Mukaro R., Tinarwo D.	2008	International Journal of Energy Research	32	14	10.1002/er.1441	School of Physics, Faculty of Agriculture and Science, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa; Physics Department, Bindura University of Science, Private Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, ICTP, Italy; University of Kassel (ISET e.V), Witzenhausen, Germany	Mukaro, R., School of Physics, Faculty of Agriculture and Science, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa, Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, ICTP, Italy; Tinarwo, D., Physics Department, Bindura University of Science, Private Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe, University of Kassel (ISET e.V), Witzenhausen, Germany	The performance of a low-cost compound box-reflector solar cooker designed and constructed by the department of Mechanical Engineering, at the University of Zimbabwe, was investigated and evaluated using a microcontroller-based measurement system over a period of 3 months. Solar radiation and temperature measurements are sent directly to the computer for monitoring and subsequent analysis using a spreadsheet program. The system is connected to the computer through the RS232 port. Temperature was measured by LM335 temperature sensors, whereas solar radiation was measured by a Kipp & Zonen CM3 thermopile-based pyranometer that was initially calibrated against the Eppley Precision Spectral Pyranometer. Peak temperatures of about 90°C for the food can be attained in about 5 h on a clear day in Bindura, Zimbabwe (18°S, 31°E). A standardized cooking power of 11W and an overall efficiency of 15% were found for this cooker. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Ambient temperature; Efficiency; Microcontroller; Performance evaluation; Pyranometer; Solar cooker; Solar radiation; Standardized cooking power	Ambient temperature; Microcontroller; Performance evaluation; Pyranometer; Solar cooker; Standardized cooking power; Electric batteries; Electromagnetic waves; Microcontrollers; Reflection; Solar equipment; Solar radiation; Sun; Temperature; Temperature measurement; Solar energy	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84931843490	Thermodynamic analysis and performance optimization of organic rankine cycles for the conversion of low-to-moderate grade geothermal heat	Yekoladio P.J., Bello-Ochende T., Meyer J.P.	2015	International Journal of Energy Research	39	9	10.1002/er.3326	Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, South Africa; Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa	Yekoladio, P.J., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, South Africa; Bello-Ochende, T., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, South Africa; Meyer, J.P., Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa	The present study considers a thermodynamic analysis and performance optimization of geothermal power cycles. The proposed binary-cycles operate with moderately low temperature and liquid-dominated geothermal resources in the range of 110°C to 160°C, and cooling air at ambient conditions of 25°C and 101.3kPa reference temperature and atmospheric pressure, respectively. A thermodynamic optimization process and an irreversibility analysis were performed to maximize the power output while minimizing the overall exergy destruction and improving the First-law and Second-law efficiencies of the cycle. Maximum net power output was observed to increase exponentially with the geothermal resource temperature to yield 16-49kW per unit mass flow rate of the geothermal fluid for the non-regenerative organic Rankine cycles (ORCs), as compared with 8-34kW for the regenerative cycles. The cycle First-law efficiency was determined in the range of 8-15% for the investigated geothermal binary power cycles. Maximum Second-law efficiency of approximately 56% was achieved by the ORC with an internal heat exchanger. In addition, a performance analysis of selected pure organic fluids such as R123, R152a, isobutane and n-pentane, with boiling points in the range of -24°C to 36°C, was conducted under saturation temperature and subcritical pressure operating conditions of the turbine. Organic fluids with higher boiling point temperature, such as n-pentane, were recommended for non-regenerative cycles. The regenerative ORCs, however, require organic fluids with lower vapour specific heat capacity (i.e. isobutane) for an optimal operation of the binary-cycle. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Exergy; Geothermal energy; Irreversibility analysis; Optimization; Organic rankine cycle	Atmospheric pressure; Atmospheric temperature; Bins; Boiling point; Exergy; Geothermal fields; Optimization; Paraffins; Rankine cycle; Specific heat; Thermoanalysis; Thermodynamic properties; Thermodynamics; Boiling-point temperature; Internal heat exchanger; Irreversibility analysis; Organic Rankine cycles; Organic rankine cycles (ORCs); Performance optimizations; Thermo dynamic analysis; Thermodynamic optimization; Geothermal energy	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-69749116567	Rethinking climate change impacts on subsurface temperatures in a sub-Antarctic mire affected by synoptic scale processes	Nel W., van der Merwe B.J., Meiklejohn K.I.	2009	Earth Surface Processes and Landforms	34	10	10.1002/esp.1823	Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa; Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Nel, W., Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa; van der Merwe, B.J., Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Meiklejohn, K.I., Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	This paper presents the first high resolution temperature data from a small Agrostis magellanica mire on subantarctic Marion Island as part of an ongoing island-wide monitoring project on subsurface ground temperature variability. Variations in ground temperatures were found to be directly linked to the passage of synoptic scale weather systems that influence thermal characteristics and heat fluxes especially in the upper 30 cm of the mire. Preliminary data published here suggest that shallow temperatures will be most affected by changes in synoptic climate that Marion Island is currently experiencing with an increase in average temperatures and a reduction in temperature variability with depth. This study proposes that to effectively detect the ecosystem responses to climate change in a maritime sub-Antarctic environment the temporal scale of measurement needs to be at least on a diurnal scale to be effective. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Climate change; Marion Island; Mire temperatures; Synoptic weather	Agrostis; Average temperature; Climate change impact; Ecosystem response; Ground temperature; High resolution temperature datum; Marion Island; Mire temperatures; Preliminary data; Subsurface temperature; Synoptic weather; Temperature variability; Temporal scale; Thermal characteristics; Weather systems; Climate change; climate change; climate effect; heat flux; mire; surface temperature; synoptic meteorology; Indian Ocean; Indian Ocean islands; Marion Island; Prince Edward Islands; Agrostis magellanica	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84954221022	Extreme rainfall and its impact on cultivated landscapes with particular reference to Britain	Boardman J.	2015	Earth Surface Processes and Landforms	40	15	10.1002/esp.3792	Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Boardman, J., Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Extreme rainfall events (>50mmday-1) falling on cultivated land which is relatively bare of vegetation cover, typically give rise to networks of rills and gullies with ephemeral gullies in depressions and valley bottoms. Farming practices such as the removal of field boundaries, the presence of wheelings and rolled surfaces encourage runoff. The coincidence of vulnerable crops such as maize, potatoes and sugar beet with erodible soils and sloping sites may lead to high rates of erosion associated with single events or wet seasons. Not all extreme rainfall events lead to runoff and erosion, this depends on timing with respect to the growing crop. Rates of erosion associated with extreme events may be high but when placed in a long-term temporal context, they tend to be quite low. Extreme events frequently lead to off-site impacts most notably muddy flooding of properties and the pollution of watercourses. Landscapes may be protected from extreme events by standard soil conservation techniques; off-site impacts may similarly be alleviated by flood-protection measures. In both cases, the challenge is to put in place adequate economic incentives, social pressures and governmental policy frameworks to incentivise effective action. Predicted rainfall changes in the future include wetter winters and increases in rain per rain-day. In this case, the risk of erosion on cultivated land will increase. However, erosion mitigation strategies should still address the issue of the incidence of high-risk crops on vulnerable sites. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Cultivated landscapes; Extreme rainfall; Runoff; Soil erosion	Crops; Cultivation; Erosion; Flood control; Floods; Land use; Landforms; Precipitation (meteorology); Runoff; Soil conservation; Soils; Sugar beets; Water pollution; Cultivated landscapes; Economic incentive; Ephemeral gullies; Erosion mitigation; Extreme rainfall; Farming practices; Governmental policies; Soil erosion; Rain; arable land; climate effect; extreme event; precipitation intensity; runoff; soil conservation; soil erosion; United Kingdom; Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris; Solanum tuberosum; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900560184	Pesticide residue evaluation in major staple food items of Ethiopia using the QuEChERS method: A case study from the jimma zone	Mekonen S., Ambelu A., Spanoghe P.	2014	Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry	33	6	10.1002/etc.2554	Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia	Mekonen, S., Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Ambelu, A., Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Spanoghe, P., Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium	Samples of maize, teff, red pepper, and coffee (green bean and coffee bean with pulp) were collected from a local market in the Jimma Zone, Ethiopia. Samples were analyzed for the occurrence of cypermethrin, permethrin, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos ethyl, DTT and its metabolites, and endosulfan (α, β). In the analytical procedure, the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) extraction methodology with dispersive solid phase extraction clean up (d-SPE) technique was applied. Validation of the QuEChERS method was satisfactory. Recovery percentages of most pesticides were in the range of 70% to 120%, with good repeatability (%relative standard deviation<20). The limit of detection and limit of quantification varied between 0.001μg/g and 0.092μg/g and between 0.002μg/g and 0.307μg/g, respectively. The main pesticides detected were DDT, endosulfan, cypermethrin, and permethrin. All of the pesticides analyzed were detected in red pepper and green coffee bean. Residues of DDT in coffee pulp significantly differed (p<0.01) from other food items except for red pepper. The concentration of pesticides in the food items varied from 0.011mg/kg to 1.115mg/kg. All food items contained 1 or more pesticides. Two-thirds of the samples had residues below corresponding maximum residue limits, and the remaining one-third of samples were above the maximum residue limits. These results indicate the need for a good pesticide monitoring program to evaluate consumer risk for the Ethiopian people. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1294-1302. © 2014 SETAC.	Pesticide residues; QuEChERS method; Red pepper; Staple food; Teff	Insecticides; Pesticide residue; Quechers; Red peppers; Staple food; Teff; Chemical contamination; 1,1 dichloro 2,2 bis(4 chlorophenyl)ethane; 1,1 dichloro 2,2 bis(4 chlorophenyl)ethylene; chlorphenotane; chlorpyrifos; cypermethrin; deltamethrin; endosulfan; permethrin; pesticide residue; concentration (composition); food policy; food quality; food safety; pesticide; public health; risk assessment; sampling; article; coffee; Ethiopia; food analysis; food contamination; grass; limit of detection; limit of quantitation; maize; measurement repeatability; monitoring; priority journal; product safety; residue analysis; solid phase extraction; sweet pepper; teff; Ethiopia; Jimma; Capsicum annuum var. annuum; Eragrostis tef; Zea mays; Pesticide residues; QuEChERS method; Red pepper; Staple food; Teff; Ethiopia; Food Analysis; Food Contamination; Limit of Detection; Linear Models; Pesticide Residues; Reproducibility of Results	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67649364043	Profile, comorbidity and impact of insomnia in the Ibadan study of ageing	Gureje O., Kola L., Ademola A., Olley B.O.	2009	International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry	24	7	10.1002/gps.2180	Department of Psychiatry, University of Ibadan, PMB 5116, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Psychology, University of Ibadan, PMB 5116, Ibadan, Nigeria	Gureje, O., Department of Psychiatry, University of Ibadan, PMB 5116, Ibadan, Nigeria; Kola, L., Department of Psychiatry, University of Ibadan, PMB 5116, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ademola, A., Department of Psychiatry, University of Ibadan, PMB 5116, Ibadan, Nigeria; Olley, B.O., Department of Psychology, University of Ibadan, PMB 5116, Ibadan, Nigeria	Objective: To provide information on the profile, comorbidity and impact of insomnia among an understudied group of elderly Africans. Method: Using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), the 12-month prevalence of three forms of insomnia was assessed in face-to-face interviews conducted with a regionally-representative sample of elderly Nigerians, aged 65 years and over (n=2152). The association of insomnia with quality of life, rated with the WHO Quality of Life instrument, was analyzed controlling for comorbid chronic pain, chronic medical conditions and DSM-IV major depressive disorder. Results: At least one insomnia problem was reported by 30.72%. Insomnia was more frequent among females, persons aged 70 years and over, and those who were unmarried. Insomnia was comorbid with major depressive disorder (OR=3.9, 95% CI 2.5-6.1), chronic pain (OR=4.3, 95% CI 3.2-6.1; particularly arthritis and spinal pain), and chronic medical conditions (OR=2.1, 95% CI 1.8-2.5, particularly heart disease, high blood pressure or asthma). Persons with insomnia were more likely to report having had a fall in the previous year (OR=1.4, 95% CI 1.0-1.8) and, among those with fall, injury was more commonly reported by those with insomnia. Every form of insomnia was associated with decrement in quality of life. After controlling for comorbid mental and physical conditions, the β coefficients ranged between -17.9 and -20.0. Conclusion: Insomnia was highly comorbid with chronic physical conditions and with depression. These comorbid conditions partly but do not entirely account for the considerable decrement in quality of life associated with insomnia. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Community; Elderly; Impairment; Insomnia	aged; aging; arthritis; article; asthma; chronic pain; comorbidity; controlled study; diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders; disease association; falling; female; heart disease; human; hypertension; insomnia; interview; major clinical study; major depression; male; Nigeria; prevalence; quality of life; social status; spinal pain; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Chronic Disease; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Nigeria; Prevalence; Quality of Life; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Factors; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928765295	Cerebellar gray and white matter volume and their relation with age and manual motor performance in healthy older adults	Koppelmans V., Hirsiger S., Mérillat S., Jäncke L., Seidler R.D.	2015	Human Brain Mapping	36	6	10.1002/hbm.22775	School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; International Normal Aging and Plasticity Imaging Center (INAPIC), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; University Research Priority Program Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Neuropsychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Special Education, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, South Africa; Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States	Koppelmans, V., School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Hirsiger, S., International Normal Aging and Plasticity Imaging Center (INAPIC), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, University Research Priority Program Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Mérillat, S., International Normal Aging and Plasticity Imaging Center (INAPIC), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, University Research Priority Program Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Jäncke, L., International Normal Aging and Plasticity Imaging Center (INAPIC), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, University Research Priority Program Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Switzerland, Division of Neuropsychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, Department of Special Education, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, South Africa; Seidler, R.D., School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States	Objectives: Functional neuroimaging and voxel-based morphometry studies have confirmed the important role of the cerebellum in motor behavior. However, little is known about the relationship between cerebellar gray (GMv) and white matter (WMv) volume and manual motor performance in aging individuals. This study aims to quantify the relationship between cerebellar tissue volume and manual motor performance. Experimental design: To gain more insight into cerebellar function and how it relates to the role of the primary motor cortex (M1), we related cerebellar GMv, WMv, and M1v to manual motor performance in 217 healthy older individuals. Left and right cerebellar GMv and WMv, and M1v were obtained using FreeSurfer. The following motor measures were obtained: grip force, tapping speed, bimanual visuomotor coordination, and manual dexterity. Principal observations: Significant positive relationships were observed between cerebellar GMv and WMv and grip strength, right cerebellar WMv and right-hand tapping speed, right cerebellar WMv and dexterity, M1v and grip strength, and right M1v and left-hand dexterity, though effect sizes were small. Conclusions: Our results show that cerebellar GMv and WMv are differently associated with manual motor performance. These associations partly overlap with the brain-behavior associations between M1 and manual motor performance. Not all observed associations were lateralized (i.e., ipsilateral cerebellar and contralateral M1v associations with motor performance), which could point to age-related neural dedifferentiation. The current study provides new insights in the role of the cerebellum in manual motor performance. In consideration of the small effect sizes replication studies are needed to validate these results. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	Cerebellum; Gray matter; Motor function; MRI; Volume; White matter	age; aged; Article; behavior; brain; brain size; dexterity test; female; gray matter; grip strength; human; male; motor performance; primary motor cortex; priority journal; velocity; visuomotor coordination; white matter; aging; cerebellum; gray matter; hand strength; hemispheric dominance; image processing; longitudinal study; motor cortex; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; organ size; pathology; physiology; white matter; Aged; Aging; Cerebellum; Female; Functional Laterality; Gray Matter; Hand Strength; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Longitudinal Studies; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Motor Cortex; Motor Skills; Organ Size; White Matter	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749053144	The impacts of decentralization on health care seeking behaviors in Uganda	Hutchinson P., Akin J., Ssengooba F.	2006	International Journal of Health Planning and Management	21	3	10.1002/hpm.848	Department of International Health and Development, School Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States; Department of Economics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda	Hutchinson, P., Department of International Health and Development, School Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States; Akin, J., Department of Economics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Ssengooba, F., Institute of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda	This paper examines the impacts of a public sector decentralization program on health care seeking behaviors in Uganda in the 1990s. Shifting priorities by local governments in Uganda's decentralized health system away from provision of primary health care, in particular the provision of public goods or goods with substantial consumption externalities, and toward provision of private health goods such as curative care are linked to shifts in individual-level care utilization behaviors. This analysis finds that, while the country has been undergoing a multitude of changes in recent years, decentralization appears to have led to increases in the use of curative services with largely private benefits, perhaps at the expense of the use of primary health care services and services with consumption externalities. A longer period of analysis is required to determine the persistence of these effects. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Decentralization; Impact evaluation; Uganda	decentralization; health policy; health services; public sector; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; article; budget; decentralization; evidence based practice; government; health care delivery; health care policy; health care system; health care utilization; health program; health service; help seeking behavior; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunization; outcomes research; primary health care; Uganda; vaccination; Health Care Reform; Health Care Surveys; Health Priorities; Humans; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Politics; Primary Health Care; Privatization; Regional Health Planning; Uganda; Africa; East Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Uganda	None
None	None	The impact of scaling-up prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV infection on the human resource requirement: The need to go beyond numbers	Simba D., Kamwela J., Mpembeni R., Msamanga G.	2010	International Journal of Health Planning and Management	25	1	10.1002/hpm.950	Department of Community Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Alliance of Mayors and Municipal Leaders in Africa for HIV/AIDS, Tanzania Program (AMICAALL Tanzania), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Simba, D., Department of Community Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Kamwela, J., Alliance of Mayors and Municipal Leaders in Africa for HIV/AIDS, Tanzania Program (AMICAALL Tanzania), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Mpembeni, R., Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Msamanga, G., Department of Community Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Although the mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) contributes only 5% of transmission of HIV infection, its impact has reversed the decline in infant and child mortality rates. With antenatal service coverage of over 90%, the integration of prevention of MTCT (PMTCT) of HIV infection into the Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) services in Tanzania, this is likely to overstretch the staff capacity and undermine the already compromised quality of health care services. A retrospective study was conducted to assess the impact of integrating and scaling-up PMTCTof HIV infection into routine RCH services, on the magnitude of staff workload in RCH clinics. The study was conducted in 60 health facilities identified from five regions that had participated in the pilot phase of PMTCT implementation in the Mainland Tanzania. The average staff workload was calculated from staff-load obtained from attendance records and activity-time obtained by direct observation; and staff-time from records that were kept at the clinic. The average staff workload was found to be 50.5% (8-147%) for facilities providing PMTCT of HIV infection and 37.8% (11-82%) for facilities without PMTCT services. The average staff workload was computed on the assumption that all clients attending various antenatal clinics received PMTCT services from trained staff only and the result revealed staff workload of 87.2%. This study concludes that services for PMTCT of HIV infection can easily be scaled-up and integrated into RCH services using the already existing staff. In the wake of the human resource crisis in the health sector in developing countries, strategies to address the problem will need to go beyond numbers to address issues of staff productivity and their distribution.	Human resource; PMTCT; Tanzania; Workload	child health; developing world; disease transmission; human immunodeficiency virus; human resource; infant mortality; infectivity; mothers education; reproductive health; article; cross-sectional study; disease transmission; female; health care manpower; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; organization and management; pregnancy; retrospective study; Tanzania; vertical transmission; workload; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Health Manpower; HIV Infections; Humans; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Pregnancy; Retrospective Studies; Tanzania; Workload; Tanzania	None
None	None	The impact of diversity and equality management on firm performance: Beyond high performance work systems	Armstrong C., Flood P.C., Guthrie J.P., Liu W., MacCurtain S., Mkamwa T.	2010	Human Resource Management	49	6	10.1002/hrm.20391	Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland; Dublin City University, Ireland; University of Kansas, United States; Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing, China; University of Limerick, Ireland; Saint Augustine University of Tanzania, Tanzania	Armstrong, C., Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland; Flood, P.C., Dublin City University, Ireland; Guthrie, J.P., University of Kansas, United States; Liu, W., Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing, China; MacCurtain, S., University of Limerick, Ireland; Mkamwa, T., Saint Augustine University of Tanzania, Tanzania	This article demonstrates that a diversity and equality management system (DEMS) contributes to firm performance beyond the effects of a traditional high-performance work system (HPWS), which consists of bundles of work practices and policies used extensively in high-performing firms. A DEMS typically includes diversity training and monitoring recruitment, pay, and promotion across minority or other disadvantaged groups. Our analysis of quantitative data from service and manufacturing organizations in Ireland confirms that HPWS practices are associated with positive business performance and finds specifically that DEMS practices are positively associated with higher labor productivity and workforce innovation and lower voluntary employee turnover. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	Diversity and equality management; Firm-level performance; High performance work system; Labor productivity; Voluntary turnover; Workforce innovation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920281316	Using hydrochemical tracers to assess impacts of unsewered urban catchments on hydrochemistry and nutrients in groundwater	Nyenje P.M., Foppen J.W., Uhlenbrook S., Lutterodt G.	2014	Hydrological Processes	28	24	10.1002/hyp.10070	Department of Water Science and Engineering, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, PO Box 3015, Delft, Netherlands; Makerere University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, PO Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Section of Water Resources, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5048, Delft, Netherlands; Department of Civil Engineering, Central University College, PO Box DS 2310, Dansoman-Accra, Ghana	Nyenje, P.M., Department of Water Science and Engineering, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, PO Box 3015, Delft, Netherlands, Makerere University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, PO Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Foppen, J.W., Department of Water Science and Engineering, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, PO Box 3015, Delft, Netherlands; Uhlenbrook, S., Department of Water Science and Engineering, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, PO Box 3015, Delft, Netherlands, Section of Water Resources, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5048, Delft, Netherlands; Lutterodt, G., Department of Civil Engineering, Central University College, PO Box DS 2310, Dansoman-Accra, Ghana	We applied graphical methods and multivariate statistics to understand impacts of an unsewered slum catchment on nutrients and hydrochemistry of groundwater in Kampala, Uganda. Data were collected from 56 springs (groundwater), 22 surface water sites and 13 rain samples. Groundwater was acidic and dominated by Na, Cl and NO3. These ions were strongly correlated, indicating pollution originating from wastewater infiltration from on-site sanitation systems. Results also showed that rain, which was acidic, impacted on groundwater chemistry. Using Q-mode hierarchical cluster analysis, we identified three distinct water quality groups. The first group had springs dominated by Ca-Cl-NO3, low values of electrical conductivity (EC), pH and cations, and relatively high NO3 values. These springs were shown to have originated from the acidic rains because their chemistry closely corresponded to ion concentrations that would occur from rainfall recharge, which was around 3.3 times concentrated by evaporation. The second group had springs dominated by Na-K-Cl-NO3 and Ca-Cl-NO3, low pH but with higher values of EC, NO3 and cations. We interpreted these as groundwater affected by both acid rain and infiltration of wastewater from urban areas. The third group had the highest EC values (average of 688μS/cm), low pH and very high concentrations of NO3 (average of 2.15mmol/l) and cations. Since these springs were all located in slum areas, we interpreted them as groundwater affected by infiltration of wastewater from poorly sanitized slums areas. Surface water was slightly reducing and eutrophic because of wastewater effluents, but the contribution of groundwater to nutrients in surface water was minimal because o-PO4 was absent, whereas NO3 was lost by denitification. Our findings suggest that groundwater chemistry in the catchment is strongly influenced by anthropogenic inputs derived from nitrogen-containing rains and domestic wastewater. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Acid rain; Groundwater; Multivariate statistics; Nutrients; Slums; Uganda	Acid rain; Calcium; Catchments; Cluster analysis; Effluents; Groundwater; Groundwater geochemistry; Hierarchical systems; Housing; Infiltration; Multivariant analysis; Nutrients; pH; Positive ions; Precipitation (meteorology); Rain; River pollution; Runoff; Sanitation; Surface waters; Water quality; Electrical conductivity; Groundwater chemistry; Hierarchical cluster analysis; Hydrochemical tracers; Multivariate statistics; On-site sanitation systems; Slums; Uganda; Hydrochemistry	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646161927	Ecosystem approach to mitigate impacts of sedimentation on the hydrological cycle and aquatic ecosystem	Yamashiki Y., Nakamura T., Kurosawa M., Matsui S.	2006	Hydrological Processes	20	6	10.1002/hyp.6089	Department of Civil Engineering, College of Science and Technology, 1-8 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan; Division of GEF Coordination, United Nations Environment Programme, PO Box 30552, Nairobi, Kenya; Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Global Environment Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan	Yamashiki, Y., Department of Civil Engineering, College of Science and Technology, 1-8 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan; Nakamura, T., Division of GEF Coordination, United Nations Environment Programme, PO Box 30552, Nairobi, Kenya; Kurosawa, M., Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Matsui, S., Graduate School of Global Environment Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan	This study illustrates the importance of sedimentation control on a global scale by introducing general concepts developed locally through field observations in eutrophic bay in Lake Biwa in Japan, and in Dongting Lake in China. The phosphorus concentration of suspended solids in water columns and in the bottom sediment during soil puddling before the transplanting of rice seedlings have been measured analytically. We have estimated the gross phosphorus loads and the economical loss of losing fertilizer from rice paddy fields in the whole Lake Biwa basin during the same period. Additionally, the discussions and conclusions made in the session 'Ecosystem approach to water monitoring and management' organized during the Third World Water Forum held in Kyoto, are introduced. The importance of sediment control in carrying out overall water quality programmes has been emphasized not only for watersheds with severe land degradation, but also for basins where the sedimentation impacts are considered rather small, and there is a need to reverse the long-term water quality trend in shallow reservoirs in international river basins, such as La Plata River basin in South America. Establishing international standards and regulations for controlling fine sediments, making an effective economic evaluation of the impacts induced by sedimentation applicable to local farmers, as well as developing an effective project focusing on treating sedimentation to improve nutrient control should be initiated on a global scale, as with the Global Environmental Facility project. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Eutrophication; Lake Biwa; Sedimentation; WWF3	Economics; Environmental impact; Hydrology; Lakes; Management; Rivers; Sediments; Water quality; Watersheds; Aquatic ecosystems; Hydrological cycle; Sedimentation control; Water management; Water monitoring; Ecosystems; Economics; Ecosystems; Environmental impact; Hydrology; Lakes; Management; Rivers; Sediments; Water quality; Watersheds; aquatic ecosystem; ecosystem approach; hydrological cycle; phosphorus; sedimentation; water quality; Asia; Biwa Lake; China; Dongting Lake; Eurasia; Far East; Honshu; Hunan; Japan; Kinki; Shiga	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76149090152	Assessment of climate change impacts on the hydrology of Gilgel Abay catchment in Lake Tana basin, Ethiopia	Abdo K.S., Fiseha B.M., Rientjes T.H.M., Gieske A.S.M., Haile A.T.	2009	Hydrological Processes	23	26	10.1002/hyp.7363	SNNPR Water Resources Development Bureau, P.O.Box 925, Awassa, Ethiopia; Department of Irrigation Engineering, Arba Minch University, P.O.Box 21, Ethiopia; Department of Water Resources, ITC, P.O.Box 6, 7500AA, Enschede, Netherlands	Abdo, K.S., SNNPR Water Resources Development Bureau, P.O.Box 925, Awassa, Ethiopia; Fiseha, B.M., Department of Irrigation Engineering, Arba Minch University, P.O.Box 21, Ethiopia; Rientjes, T.H.M., Department of Water Resources, ITC, P.O.Box 6, 7500AA, Enschede, Netherlands; Gieske, A.S.M., Department of Water Resources, ITC, P.O.Box 6, 7500AA, Enschede, Netherlands; Haile, A.T., Department of Irrigation Engineering, Arba Minch University, P.O.Box 21, Ethiopia, Department of Water Resources, ITC, P.O.Box 6, 7500AA, Enschede, Netherlands	In this study, large-scale atmospheric variables are downscaled to meteorological variables at local scale for the daily time step to assess hydrological impacts by climate changes. Large-scale atmospheric modelling was by the HadCM3 General Circulation Model (GCM) while downscaling and water balance modelling was through the Statistical DownScaling Model and the HBV semi-distributed rainfall-runoff model, respectively. The area of study was the Gilgel Abay catchment that drains in Lake Tana. A selection of large-scale atmospheric variables by the HadCM3 GCM are downscaled by a multiple linear regression model, were minimum and maximum temperature and precipitation for future time horizons are calculated. Climate scenarios as developed for the A2 (medium-high emission) and B2 (medium-low emission) scenarios for a 100-year period based on the mean of 20 ensembles have been selected for this study. In addition, a synthetic incremental scenario was tested for a wide range of changes in climatic variables. Stream flow simulations by the HBV model were carried out for the 2020s (2011-2040), 2050s (2041-2070) and 2080s (2071-2099) to define hydrologic impacts. The result of downscaled precipitation reveals that precipitation does not manifest a systematic increase or decrease in all future time horizons for both A2 and B2 scenarios unlike that of minimum and maximum temperature and related evaporation. For the future horizons significant changes and variations in the seasonal and monthly flows are to be expected and for the 2080s the runoff volume in the rainy season will reduce by approximately 11·6 and 10·1% for the A2 and B2 scenarios. Results from synthetic incremental scenarios also indicate sensitivities to climate change. As much as 33% of the seasonal and annual runoff is expected to reduce when temperature increases by 2 °C and when rainfall decreases by approximately 20%. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Climate change; Gilgel Abay; HBV model; Lake Tana; Statistical downscaling	Annual runoff; Atmospheric modelling; Atmospheric variables; Climate change impact; Climate scenarios; Climatic variables; Down-scaling; Ethiopia; Future Horizons; General circulation model; HBV model; Hydrologic impacts; Hydrological impacts; Lake Tana; Local scale; Low emission; Maximum temperature; Meteorological variables; Monthly flow; Multiple linear regression models; Rainfall-runoff models; Rainy seasons; Runoff volumes; Statistical downscaling; Temperature increase; Time horizons; Time step; Water balance; Atmospheric temperature; Catchments; Climate models; Lakes; Linear regression; Rain; Runoff; Stream flow; Water; Climate change; air temperature; assessment method; atmospheric general circulation model; basin; catchment; climate change; computer simulation; downscaling; hydrological response; precipitation (climatology); rainfall-runoff modeling; seasonal variation; streamflow; water budget; Ethiopia; Lake Tana; Hepatitis B virus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954362013	Impact of soil and water conservation measures on catchment hydrological response-a case in north Ethiopia	Nyssen J., Clymans W., Descheemaeker K., Poesen J., Vandecasteele I., Vanmaercke M., Zenebe A., Van Camp M., Haile M., Haregeweyn N., Moeyersons J., Martens K., Gebreyohannes T., Deckers J., Walraevens K.	2010	Hydrological Processes	24	13	10.1002/hyp.7628	Department of Geography, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, K.U.Leuven, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; International Water Management Institute/International Livestock Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Geology, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Royal Museum of Central Africa, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium; Department of Hydrology, Free University of Brussels, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Geology, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia	Nyssen, J., Department of Geography, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; Clymans, W., Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, K.U.Leuven, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Descheemaeker, K., International Water Management Institute/International Livestock Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Poesen, J., Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, K.U.Leuven, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Vandecasteele, I., Department of Geology, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; Vanmaercke, M., Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, K.U.Leuven, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Zenebe, A., Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, K.U.Leuven, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium, Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Van Camp, M., Department of Geology, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; Haile, M., Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Haregeweyn, N., Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Moeyersons, J., Royal Museum of Central Africa, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium; Martens, K., Department of Geology, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; Gebreyohannes, T., Department of Hydrology, Free University of Brussels, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, Department of Geology, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Deckers, J., Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, K.U.Leuven, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Walraevens, K., Department of Geology, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium	Impact studies of catchment management in the developing world rarely include detailed hydrological components. Here, changes in the hydrological response of a 200-ha catchment in north Ethiopia are investigated. The management included various soil and water conservation measures such as the construction of dry masonry stone bunds and check dams, the abandonment of post-harvest grazing, and the establishment of woody vegetation. Measurements at the catchment outlet indicated a runoff depth of 5 mm or a runoff coefficient (RC) of 1·6% in the rainy season of 2006. Combined with runoff measurements at plot scale, this allowed calculating the runoff curve number (CN) for various land uses and land management techniques. The pre-implementation runoff depth was then predicted using the CN values and a ponding adjustment factor, representing the abstraction of runoff induced by the 242 check dams in gullies. Using the 2006 rainfall depths, the runoff depth for the 2000 land management situation was predicted to be 26·5mm(RCD 8%), in line with current RCs of nearby catchments. Monitoring of the ground water level indicated a rise after catchment management. The yearly rise in water table after the onset of the rains (ΔT) relative to the water surplus (WS) over the same period increased between 2002-2003 (ΔT/WS D 3·4) and 2006 (ΔT/WS >11·1). Emerging wells and irrigation are other indicators for improved water supply in the managed catchment. Cropped fields in the gullies indicate that farmers are less frightened for the destructive effects of flash floods. Due to increased soil water content, the crop growing period is prolonged. It can be concluded that this catchment management has resulted in a higher infiltration rate and a reduction of direct runoff volume by 81% which has had a positive influence on the catchment water balance. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Catchment management; Curve number; Ponding adjustment factor; Runoff coefficient; Water table; Watershed	Catchment management; Curve number; Curve numbers; Runoff coefficients; Water table; Water tables; Aquifers; Cultivation; Dams; Developing countries; Infiltration; Land use; Landforms; Management; Ponding; Rain; Runoff; Soil conservation; Soil moisture; Underwater soils; Water conservation; Water content; Water levels; Water supply; Watersheds; Catchments; catchment; developing world; gully; hydrological response; infiltration; rainfall; runoff; soil conservation; water budget; water level; water management; water supply; water table; watershed; Ethiopia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878658323	Evaluation of the climate prediction center (CPC) morphing technique (CMORPH) rainfall product on hourly time scales over the source of the Blue Nile River	Haile A.T., Habib E., Rientjes T.	2013	Hydrological Processes	27	12	10.1002/hyp.9330	Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, 70504, United States; African Climate Policy Center, United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, P.O. Box3001, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Water Resources, Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation, Twente University, P.O. Box 217, Enschede, 7500 AE, Netherlands	Haile, A.T., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, 70504, United States, African Climate Policy Center, United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, P.O. Box3001, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Habib, E., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, 70504, United States; Rientjes, T., Department of Water Resources, Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation, Twente University, P.O. Box 217, Enschede, 7500 AE, Netherlands	Limited availability of surface-based rainfall observations constrains the evaluation of satellite rainfall products over many regions. Observations are also often not available at time scales to allow evaluation of satellite products at their finest resolutions. In the present study, we utilized a 3-month rainfall data set from an experimental network of eight automatic gauges in Gilgel Abbay watershed in Ethiopia to evaluate the 1-hourly, 8×8-km Climate Prediction Center morphing technique (CMORPH) rainfall product. The watershed is situated in the Lake Tana basin which is the source of the Blue Nile River. We applied a suite of statistical metrics that included mean difference, bias, standard deviation of differences and measures of association. Our results indicate that the accuracy of the CMORPH product shows a significant variation across the basin area. Its estimates are mostly within ±10mmh-1 of the gauge rainfall observations; however, the product does not satisfactorily capture the rainfall temporal variability and is poorly correlated (&lt;0.27) to gauge observations. Its poor rain detection capability led to significant underestimation of the seasonal rainfall depth (total bias reaches up to -52%) with large amounts of hit rain bias as well as missed rain and false rain biases. In the future refinement of CMORPH algorithm, more attention should be given to reducing missed rain bias over the mountains of Gilgel Abbay, whereas equal attention should be given to hit, missed rain and false rain biases over other parts of the watershed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd..	Bias; Blue Nile; CMORPH; Lake Tana; Rainfall; Satellite rainfall; Validation	Bias; Blue Nile; CMORPH; Lake Tana; Satellite rainfalls; Validation; Climatology; Gages; Lakes; Landforms; Satellites; Soil moisture; Watersheds; Rain; algorithm; climate prediction; data set; rainfall; raingauge; statistical analysis; temporal variation; watershed; Blue Nile [Nile River]; Ethiopia; Gilgel Abay Basin; Lake Tana; Nile River	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891744915	The impact of taro (Colocasia esculenta) cultivation on the total evaporation of a Cyperus latifolius marsh	Mengistu M.G., Everson C.S., Clulow A.D.	2014	Hydrological Processes	28	3	10.1002/hyp.9599	School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa	Mengistu, M.G., School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa; Everson, C.S., School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa; Clulow, A.D., School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa	Total evaporation (ET) is one of the major components of the water budget of a wetland. Very little research has been conducted on the loss of water to the atmosphere from different wetland vegetation types occurring in southern Africa. This study on the ET of taro (locally known as madumbe) and sedge within the Mbongolwane wetland was conducted to assess the potential impact of madumbe cultivation on the hydrology of the wetland. Sugarcane planted on the contributing catchment outside the wetland was the other crop examined. Two field campaigns were conducted in November 2009 and January 2010 during the growing season of the madumbe crop to quantify ET rates in the Mbongolwane wetland and from sugar cane in the surrounding catchment. ET was measured over two vegetation types in the wetland, namely: madumbe (Colocasia esculenta); sedge (Cyperus latifolius) with some reeds (Phragmites australis); and sugarcane in adjacent terrestrial areas. ET from the madumbes ranged from 1.0 to 6.0mmday-1. The daily average ET rates in November 2009 were 3.5 and 4.9mm for the madumbe and sedge sites, respectively, and 4.0mm for sugarcane grown in the catchment. The daily average ET rates in January 2010 were 3.3 and 3.7mm for the madumbes and sedge sites, respectively, and 2.4mm for the sugarcane site. The daily ET was therefore lower at the madumbe site in November 2009 and in January 2010 compared to the sedge site. An average crop factor of 0.6 was obtained from this study during the growth stage of the madumbes. © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.	Crop factor; Cyperus marsh; Eddy covariance; Evapotranspiration; Madumbe; Wetland	Cyperus marsh; Eddy covariance; Field campaign; Madumbe; Phragmites australis; Potential impacts; Vegetation type; Wetland vegetation; Catchments; Crops; Cultivation; Evaporation; Evapotranspiration; Runoff; Sugar cane; Vegetation; Wetlands; angiosperm; catchment; cultivation; eddy covariance; evapotranspiration; hydrological response; marsh; vegetation type; water budget; wetland; Colocasia esculenta; Cyperus; Phragmites australis; Saccharum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891698724	Simulation of groundwater flow in a crystalline rock aquifer system in Southern Ghana - An evaluation of the effects of increased groundwater abstraction on the aquifers using a transient groundwater flow model	Yidana S.M., Alfa B., Banoeng-Yakubo B., Obeng Addai M.	2014	Hydrological Processes	28	3	10.1002/hyp.9644	Department of Earth Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Ghana Water Resources Commission, Accra, Ghana	Yidana, S.M., Department of Earth Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Alfa, B., Ghana Water Resources Commission, Accra, Ghana; Banoeng-Yakubo, B., Department of Earth Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Obeng Addai, M., Department of Earth Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana	Monitored groundwater level data, well logs, and aquifer data as well as the relevant surface hydrological data were used to conceptualise the hydrogeological system of the Densu Basin in Southern Ghana. The objective was to numerically derive the hydraulic conductivity field for better characterization of the aquifer system and for simulating the effects of increasing groundwater abstraction on the aquifer system in the basin. The hydraulic conductivity field has been generated in this study through model calibration. This study finds that hydraulic conductivity ranges between a low of 2m/d in the middle sections of the basin and about 40m/d in the south. Clear differences in the underlying geology have been indicated in the distribution of aquifer hydraulic conductivities. This is in consonance with the general assertion that the hydrogeological properties of the aquifers in the crystalline basement terrains are controlled by the degree of fracturing and/or weathering of the country rock. The transient model suggest aquifer specific storage values to range between 6.0×10-5m-1 and 2.1×10-4m-1 which are within acceptable range of values normally quoted for similar lithologies in the literature. There is an apparent subtle decrease in groundwater recharge from about 13% of the annual precipitation in 2005 to about 10.3% of the precipitation in 2008. The transient model was used to simulate responses of the system to annual increment of groundwater abstraction by 20% at the 2008 recharge rates for the period 2009 - 2024. The results suggest that the system will not be able to sustain this level of abstraction as it would lead to a basin wide drawdown in the hydraulic head by 4m by the end of the prediction period. It further suggests a safe annual increment in groundwater abstraction by 5% under business as usual recharge conditions. Identification and protection of groundwater recharge areas in the basin are recommended in order to safeguard the integrity of the resource under the scenario of increased abstraction for commercial activities in the basin. © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.	Densu Basin; Groundwater abstraction; Hydraulic conductivity; Recharge	Densu Basin; Ground water recharge; Groundwater abstraction; Hydrogeological properties; Level of abstraction; Protection of groundwater; Recharge; Transient groundwater flow; Abstracting; Aquifers; Computer simulation; Crystalline rocks; Digital storage; Groundwater flow; Groundwater resources; Hydraulic conductivity; Hydrogeology; Weathering; Well logging; Recharging (underground waters); aquifer; computer simulation; country rock; crystalline rock; groundwater abstraction; groundwater flow; hydraulic conductivity; hydraulic head; hydrogeology; lithology; precipitation (climatology); recharge; terrain; water level; well logging; Densu Basin; Ghana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892440512	Simulating wetland impacts on stream flow in southern Africa using a monthly hydrological model	Hughes D.A., Tshimanga R.M., Tirivarombo S., Tanner J.	2014	Hydrological Processes	28	4	10.1002/hyp.9725	Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	Hughes, D.A., Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Tshimanga, R.M., Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Tirivarombo, S., Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Tanner, J., Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	The processes that occur in wetlands and natural lakes are often overlooked and not fully incorporated in the conceptual development of many hydrological models of basin runoff. These processes can exert a considerable influence on downstream flow regimes and are critical in understanding the general patterns of runoff generation at the basin scale. This is certainly the case for many river basins of southern Africa which contain large wetlands and natural lakes and for which downstream flow regimes are altered through attenuation, storage and slow release processes that occur within the water bodies. Initial hydrological modelling studies conducted in some of these areas identified the need to explicitly account for wetland storage processes in the conceptual development of models. This study presents an attempt to incorporate wetland processes into an existing hydrological model, with the aim of reducing model structural uncertainties and improving model simulations where the impacts of wetlands or natural lakes on stream flow are evident. The approach is based on relatively flexible functions that account for the input-storage-output relationships between the river channel and the wetland. The simulation results suggest that incorporating lake and wetland storage processes into modelling can provide improved representation (the right results for the right reason) of the hydrological behaviour of some large river basins, as well as reducing some of the uncertainties in the quantification of the original model parameters used for generating the basin runoff. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Hydrological models; Large basins; Southern Africa; Uncertainty; Wetlands	Conceptual development; Hydrological modeling; Hydrological modelling; Hydrological models; Large basins; Model structural uncertainties; Southern Africa; Uncertainty; Climate models; Computer simulation; Lakes; Runoff; Stream flow; Uncertainty analysis; Watersheds; Wetlands; computer simulation; flow modeling; hydrological modeling; runoff; streamflow; uncertainty analysis; wetland; Southern Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880045913	The rivers of Africa: Witness of climate change and human impact on the environment	Mahe G., Lienou G., Descroix L., Bamba F., Paturel J.E., Laraque A., Meddi M., Habaieb H., Adeaga O., Dieulin C., Chahnez Kotti F., Khomsi K.	2013	Hydrological Processes	27	15	10.1002/hyp.9813	HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, Université Mohamed V-Agdal, Rabat, Morocco; Université de Yaoundé I, Cameroon; LTHE/IRD, Grenoble, France; Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs, Bamako, Mali; IRD, HSM et 2IE, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Géosciences Environnement To	Mahe, G., HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, Université Mohamed V-Agdal, Rabat, Morocco; Lienou, G., Université de Yaoundé I, Cameroon; Descroix, L., LTHE/IRD, Grenoble, France; Bamba, F., Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs, Bamako, Mali; Paturel, J.E., IRD, HSM et 2IE, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Laraque, A., Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, Observatoire Midi Pyrénées Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, Toulouse, France; Meddi, M., Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Hydraulique, Blida, Algeria; Habaieb, H., Institut National Agronomique de Tunis, Tunisia; Adeaga, O., Department of Geography, University of Lagos, Nigeria; Dieulin, C., HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, Université Mohamed V-Agdal, Rabat, Morocco; Chahnez Kotti, F., Institut National Agronomique de Tunis, Tunisia; Khomsi, K., Direction de la Météorologie Nationale, Casablanca, Morocco	In this paper, we study the impact of climate change on river regimes in several parts of Africa, and we look at the most probable causes of these changes either climatically or anthropogenically driven. We study time series of updated monthly and annual runoff of rivers of North Africa, West Africa (Sahelian and humid tropical regions) and Central Africa, including the largest river basins: Niger and Volta rivers in West Africa, and Congo and Ogooue rivers in Central Africa. The recent years are studied in the perspective of multi-decadal variability. In West Africa and in a part of Central Africa, the climate has changed since 1970, and rainfall has not returned to previous annual amounts, except in Equatorial Africa. The consequences of the long-lasting drought are, depending on the area concerned, the modification of seasonal regimes (Equatorial area), the groundwater table decrease (Tropical humid area) and the land cover degradation (Sahelian area). The increasing number of dams and of agricultural areas also plays a major role on the modification of river regimes. The population increase will continue to impact on the environment: land cover change, deforestation, agriculture and increasing number of dams will be associated with a reduction of water and sediment discharges to the sea, and major impacts on downstream ecosystems and coastal areas. It seems necessary to share with stakeholders a comprehensive approach of the water cycle from the basin to the sea, to prevent long-lasting damages to ecosystems and infrastructures. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Africa; Climate change; Dams; Land cover; River regime; Rivers	Africa; Agricultural areas; Ground water table; Impact on the environment; Land cover; Land-cover change; River regimes; Sediment discharge; Agriculture; Dams; Deforestation; Ecosystems; Groundwater; Rivers; Sediments; Climate change; anthropogenic effect; climate change; climate effect; hydrological cycle; hydrological regime; land cover; river flow; runoff; stakeholder; water table; Central Africa; North Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845674189	Impact of utilizing p16INK4A immunohistochemistry on estimated performance of three cervical cancer screening tests	Zhang Q., Kuhn L., Denny L.A., De Souza M., Taylor S., Wright Jr. T.C.	2007	International Journal of Cancer	120	2	10.1002/ijc.22172	Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Obstetrics, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pathology, P and S Building, 630 W. 168th St, New York, NY 10032, United States	Zhang, Q., Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Kuhn, L., Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Denny, L.A., Department of Obstetrics, University of Cape Town, South Africa; De Souza, M., Department of Obstetrics, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Taylor, S., Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Wright Jr., T.C., Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States, Department of Pathology, P and S Building, 630 W. 168th St, New York, NY 10032, United States	The histopathological diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2,3 (CIN 2,3) is subjective and prone to variability. In our study, we analyzed the impact of utilizing a biomarker (p16INK4A) together with histopathology to refine the "gold standard" utilized for evaluating the performance of 3 different cervical cancer screening tests: cervical cytology, human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing and visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA). Cervical biopsies from 2 South African cervical cancer screening studies originally diagnosed by a single pathologist were reevaluated by a second pathologist and a consensus pathology diagnosis obtained. Immunohistochemical staining for p16INK4A was then performed. The estimated sensitivity of some cervical cancer screening tests was markedly impacted by the criteria utilized to define CIN 2,3. Use of routine histopathology markedly underestimated the sensitivity of both conventional cytology and HPV DNA testing compared to an improved gold standard of consensus pathology and p16INK4A positivity. In contrast, routine histopathology overestimated the sensitivity of VIA. Our results demonstrate that refining the diagnosis of CIN 2,3 through the use of consensus pathology and immunohistochemical staining for p16INK4A has an important impact on measurement of the performance of cervical cancer screening tests. The sensitivity of screening tests such as HPV DNA testing and conventional cytology may be underestimated when an imperfect gold standard (routine histopathology) is used. In contrast, the sensitivity of other tests, such as VIA, may be overestimated with an imperfect gold standard. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.	Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; p16 immunohistochemistry	acetic acid; protein p16INK4a; virus DNA; protein p16INK4a; adult; aged; article; cancer classification; cancer grading; cancer screening; consensus; diagnostic accuracy; disease marker; DNA determination; female; histopathology; human; immunohistochemistry; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; priority journal; uterine cervix biopsy; uterine cervix cancer; uterine cervix cytology; visual analog scale; Wart virus; evaluation; immunohistochemistry; mass screening; methodology; pathology; uterine cervix carcinoma in situ; uterine cervix tumor; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Mass Screening; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms	None
WoS	WOS:000327889700019	Evaluation of the impact of a breast cancer awareness program in rural Ghana: A cross-sectional survey	Ali, Ibrahim A.,Anderson, Benjamin O.,Dabis, Francois,Malvy, Denis,Mena, Marisa,Sasco, Annie J.,Sauvaget, Catherine,Wiafe-Addai, Beatrice,Wiafe, Seth A.	2014	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER	134	4	10.1002/ijc.28412	Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm), Loma Linda University, Universite de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Segalen Univ, Breast Care Int & Peace & Love Hosp, Catalan Inst Oncol, Int Agcy Res Canc	"Ali, Ibrahim A.: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center","Anderson, Benjamin O.: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center","Wiafe, Seth A.: Loma Linda University",	Community awareness is crucial to early detection of breast cancer in low- and middle-income countries. In Ghana 60% of the cases are detected at late stages. Breast Care International (BCI) is a Ghanaian non-governmental organization dedicated to raising breast cancer awareness. A cross-sectional survey was designed to assess the impact of BCI program on knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) toward breast cancer among women from rural communities of Ghana. A total of 232 women were interviewed in June 2011 in the Ashanti region; of these 131 participants were from a community that received the BCI program in August 2010 (intervention group) and 101 from another community that received the program post-survey (referent group). Data analysis was performed using Epi-Info version 3.5.3. Knowledge about breast cancer among participants who received the program was better than among those who did not. Only 53.5% of participants from the referent group knew that breast cancer usually appears as painless breast lump when compared to 82.3% from the intervention group. Participants who attended the program were significantly more likely to obtain higher knowledge scores (odds ratio (OR) = 2.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.14-3.86) and to state practicing breast self-examination (OR = 12.29, 95% CI = 5.31-28.48). The BCI program improved KAP toward breast cancer. Further research is warranted to provide stronger evidence that the program improves breast cancer early detection.	"awareness program","BREAST CANCER","EARLY DETECTION",GHANA,AREA,CONSENSUS,IBADAN,"INCOME COUNTRIES",LOW-RESOURCE,MANAGEMENT,NIGERIA,WOMEN	None	None
None	None	Performance of visual inspection with acetic acid and human papillomavirus testing for detection of high-grade cervical lesions in HIV positive and HIV negative Tanzanian women	Dartell M.A., Rasch V., Iftner T., Kahesa C., Mwaiselage J.D., Junge J., Gernow A., Ejlersen S.F., Munk C., Kjaer S.K.	2014	International Journal of Cancer	135	4	10.1002/ijc.28712	Department of International Health, Public Health Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Unit of Virus Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Experimental Virology, Universitaetsklinikum, Tuebingen, Germany; Division of Cancer PreventionOcean Road Cancer Institute, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Pathology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Denmark; Gynecological Clinic, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark	Dartell, M.A., Department of International Health, Public Health Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Unit of Virus Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Rasch, V., Department of International Health, Public Health Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Iftner, T., Department of Experimental Virology, Universitaetsklinikum, Tuebingen, Germany; Kahesa, C., Division of Cancer PreventionOcean Road Cancer Institute, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania; Mwaiselage, J.D., Division of Cancer PreventionOcean Road Cancer Institute, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania; Junge, J., Department of Pathology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Denmark; Gernow, A., Department of Pathology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Denmark; Ejlersen, S.F., Department of Pathology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Denmark; Munk, C., Unit of Virus Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Kjaer, S.K., Unit of Virus Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark, Gynecological Clinic, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark	The aim of this cross sectional study was to assess type distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) among HIV positive and HIV negative women who underwent cervical cancer screening, and to examine the ability of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), the standard detection method in Tanzania, and HPV-testing to detect cytologically diagnosed high grade lesions or cancer (HSIL+). Women from different areas in Tanzania were invited by public announcement to cervical cancer screening organized by Ocean Road Cancer Institute (Dar-es-Salaam). A total of 3,767 women were enrolled. Women underwent gynecological examination with collection of cervical cells for conventional cytological examination, and swab for HPV-DNA detection (Hybrid-Capture2) and genotyping (LiPAv2 test). Subsequently VIA was performed. The participants were also tested for HIV. HPV16, HPV52 and HPV18 were the three most common HR HPV types among women with HSIL+ cytology with prevalences of 42.9, 35.7 and 28.6%, respectively, in HIV positive women which was higher than among HIV negative women (30.2, 21.9 and 16.7%). A total of 4.5% of the women were VIA positive, and VIA showed a low sensitivity compared to HPV-testing for detection of HSIL+. The sensitivity of VIA varied with staff VIA experience, HIV status and age. Vaccines including HPV16, HPV52 and HPV18 will likely reduce the number of HSIL+ cases independently of HIV status. The frequency of HSIL+ was high among HIV positive women, emphasizing the importance of establishing a screening program which also reaches HIV positive women. Our results highlight the importance of continuous training of staff performing VIA, and also point to the need for other screening methods such as HPV-testing at low cost. © 2014 UICC.	Africa; cervical cancer; HIV; HPV testing; pap smear; sensitivity; specificity; Tanzania; visual inspection with acetic acid	acetic acid; adult; aged; article; cancer grading; cancer screening; cross-sectional study; diagnostic test accuracy study; female; genotype; gold standard; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Human papillomavirus DNA test; Human papillomavirus type 16; Human papillomavirus type 18; Human papillomavirus type 52; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; medical personnel; prevalence; priority journal; professional competence; sensitivity and specificity; Tanzania; uterine cervix cancer; uterine cervix cytology; vagina smear; Africa; cervical cancer; HIV; HPV testing; pap smear; sensitivity; specificity; Tanzania; visual inspection with acetic acid; Acetic Acid; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cervix Uteri; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cytological Techniques; DNA, Viral; Early Detection of Cancer; Female; Genotype; HIV Infections; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Papillomaviridae; Prevalence; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Tanzania; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Vaginal Smears; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867392500	Pedological aspects of land evaluation for in-field rainwater harvesting in south Africa	Le Roux P.A.L., Hensley M.	2012	Irrigation and Drainage	61	SUPPL.2	10.1002/ird.1688	Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Le Roux, P.A.L., Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Hensley, M., Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	The in-field rainwater harvesting (IRWH) technique was designed for improving crop yields of subsistence farmers in semi-arid areas in South Africa. An appropriate soil survey to identify suitable land was developed by means of a field study near Thaba Nchu, South Africa. Results of the land Type Survey of South Africa (scale 1 : 250 000) were used to advantage. Areas suitable for IRWH on two soilscapes were delineated at a scale of 1 : 10 000. Although the procedure was satisfactory, to provide accuracy appropriate for small plots a scale of 1 : 5000 is recommended. The most important pedological characteristic of an IRWH-suitable soil is its capacity to store plant-available water, termed total extractable soil water (TESW). Satisfactory TESW values for maize and sunflower are>150mm, values which occur on fine-textured soils at least 900mm in depth. Other important characteristics are the absence of hydromorphy shallower than 700mm, and a low final infiltration rate that promotes runoff into the basins. The reliability of land evaluation for IRWH can be enhanced by using appropriate crop models together with long-term climate data to compute cumulative probability functions of yield to provide evidence regarding viability for a particular ecotope. It is concluded that the relevant technology and knowledge available in South Africa are adequate for the task ahead. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd..	Mapping procedures; Semi-arid ecotopes; Soil profile characteristics	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907971733	Assessing the performance of smallholder irrigation and deriving best management practices in South Africa	Gomo T., Senzanje A., Mudhara M., Dhavu K.	2014	Irrigation and Drainage	63	4	10.1002/ird.1815	University of KwaZulu-Natal, Bioresources Engineering, School of Engineering, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; University of KwaZulu-Natal, Agricultural Economics and Farmer Support Group, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Gomo, T., University of KwaZulu-Natal, Bioresources Engineering, School of Engineering, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Senzanje, A., University of KwaZulu-Natal, Bioresources Engineering, School of Engineering, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Mudhara, M., University of KwaZulu-Natal, Agricultural Economics and Farmer Support Group, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Dhavu, K., University of KwaZulu-Natal, Bioresources Engineering, School of Engineering, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	The performance of smallholder irrigation schemes is multidimensional and can be looked at from different perspectives. This study assessed the technical performance of the Mooi River irrigation scheme (MRIS) to derive a comprehensive set of best management practices (BMPs). This was done acknowledging that the farmer is now the water manager, in line with participatory irrigation management (PIM) and irrigation management transfer (IMT) concepts. Five performance indicators related to water supply and delivery and agricultural performance were assessed through the field measurement method during spring and summer of the 2010/2011 season. Farmers were interviewed through a questionnaire to gather suggestions on ways to improve the performance of their scheme. Their responses helped in the selection of the BMPs for the scheme which were then ranked using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The results show a scheme average conveyance efficiency of 86.4%, maximum dependability of irrigation interval between water applications of 2.57 in spring and the scheme relative irrigation supply of 1.48. Agricultural performance indicators-output per unit irrigation supply and water productivity (ET)-were found to be 0.64 and 5.37kgm-3, respectively. Irrigation scheduling was the most preferred BMP by the farmers, while volumetric measurement of irrigation water used by each block was the least preferred. This study concludes that water management in smallholder schemes is poor, thus affecting performance of these schemes, and that farmers are aware of the problems and possible solutions to perennial problems hindering performance in smallholder schemes. The study recommends deepening farmers' participation in policy formulation and derivation of BMPs. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Analytic hierarchy process; Best management practice; Performance; Smallholder irrigation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907994204	The impact of irrigation technology on the financial and economic performance of smallholder irrigation in Zimbabwe	Mupaso N., Manzungu E., Mutambara J., Hanyani-Mlambo B.	2014	Irrigation and Drainage	63	4	10.1002/ird.1820	Department of Agricultural Economics and Development, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe; Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Zimbabwe, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Mupaso, N., Department of Agricultural Economics and Development, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe; Manzungu, E., Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mutambara, J., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Zimbabwe, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Hanyani-Mlambo, B., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Zimbabwe, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	The study assessed the impact of irrigation technology on the financial and economic performance of smallholder irrigation in Zimbabwe. The study was conducted in 2011 in the Hamamavhaire and Mhende irrigation schemes in Chirumanzu District (south-central Zimbabwe). A questionnaire survey was administered to 79 respondents drawn from farmers using sprinkler (n=32), flood (n=39) and drip (n=8) systems. Gross margin analysis, in conjunction with cost-benefit analysis, was used to evaluate the financial and economic performance of farmers. Farmers using the sprinkler system obtained the highest total gross margin per hectare (US$2762), followed by the flood system with returns that were 21% lower (US$2191), while the drip system recorded 50% lower returns (US$1387). Economic analysis indicated the superiority of the flood system (NPV=US$36 699; IRR=42% and BCR=4) compared to sprinkler irrigation (NPV=US$27 813; IRR=38%; BCR=2) and the drip system (NPV=US$25 393; IRR=23%; BCR=2). While the flood system was the most desirable from the financial and economic points of view, because of low operational costs, this could be offset by negative environmental impacts. The study concluded that the choice of one particular irrigation technology over another is a fine balance between efficiencies that can be achieved and the development and operational costs. Irrigation technology alone does not determine financial and economic viability. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Cost-benefit analysis; Economic performance; Irrigation technology; Sensitivity analysis; Smallholder; Zimbabwe	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908001390	Evaluation of surge and cutback flow furrow irrigation systems for pepper (Capsicum annuum) production	Gudissa H.D., Edossa D.C.	2014	Irrigation and Drainage	63	4	10.1002/ird.1828	Oromia Water Works Design and Supervision Enterprise, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Civil Engineering, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Gudissa, H.D., Oromia Water Works Design and Supervision Enterprise, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Edossa, D.C., Department of Civil Engineering, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa	The aim of this field experiment was to evaluate surge, cutback and conventional flow furrow irrigation systems in terms of hydraulic, technical and agronomic performance measures for pepper production in Gambella Regional State, Ethiopia. The treatments consisted of two surges (SR1=1/3 cycle ratio and SR2=1/2 cycle ratio), one cutback (CB) and one conventional (C) flow furrow irrigation systems. The advance time ratios (ATR) recorded under the two surge treatments ranged from 0.57 to 0.70. Maximum application efficiency of 61.8%, storage efficiency of 95.1% and uniformity coefficient of 77.3% were recorded under SR1, whereas the lowest corresponding values of 52.8, 81.2 and 56.1% were recorded under C. Maximum deep percolation (23.6%) and tailwater (27.7%) losses were recorded from CB and C treatments, respectively, whereas SR1 and SR2, respectively, gave minimum deep percolation (14.3%) and tailwater (20.5%) losses. In terms of all agronomic performance measures, it was found that SR2 performed well, followed by SR1. However, the C treatment gave minimum yield (6450kgha-1), crop water productivity (17.5kgha-1mm-1) and irrigation water productivity (11.3kgha-1mm-1). From the findings of this study, it was concluded that surge and cutback flow furrow irrigation systems are promising technologies for pepper production in areas with minimal water use. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Conventional irrigation; Crop water productivity; Cutback irrigation; Surface irrigation; Surge irrigation	Capsicum annuum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926609970	Performance of small-scale water management interventions on crop yield, water use and productivity in three agro-ecologies of Malawi	Kadyampakeni D.M., Kazombo-Phiri S., Mati B., Fandika I.R.	2015	Irrigation and Drainage	64	2	10.1002/ird.1886	Kasinthula Research Station, Chikhwawa, Malawi; Chitedze Agricultural Research Station, Lilongwe, Malawi; Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya	Kadyampakeni, D.M., Kasinthula Research Station, Chikhwawa, Malawi; Kazombo-Phiri, S., Chitedze Agricultural Research Station, Lilongwe, Malawi; Mati, B., Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya; Fandika, I.R., Kasinthula Research Station, Chikhwawa, Malawi	Agricultural water management interventions play a critical role in mitigating hunger during droughts and dry seasons in southern Africa. A study was conducted in Malawi to compare the performance of improved agricultural water management interventions with traditional water management practices to assess the performance of the interventions on crop yield and water use. The study used questionnaires and focused group discussions to collect data from farmers and key informants. The results showed significant gains using regulated surface irrigation compared with unregulated surface irrigation. The results showed that yield increases of 33 and 37% for onion and tomato respectively were obtained from wetland seepage irrigation compared with upland cultivation. Treadle pump irrigation increased crop production by 5-54% compared with water can irrigation. Treadle pumps also increased gross and net incomes by ≥12%, suggesting that farmers using the treadle pump were able to realize higher incomes across all crop enterprises compared with farmers using water cans. However, there is a dire need to improve the efficiency of the surface irrigation systems for rice production because the water applied was about two to three times the gross irrigation requirement which could result in environmental degradation through increased salinity and waterlogging. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Irrigation; Smallholder agriculture; Streamflow diversion; Water-use efficiency	Allium cepa; Lycopersicon esculentum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84942984865	Water Delivery Performance at Metahara Large-Scale Irrigation Scheme, Ethiopia	Dejen Z.A., Schultz B., Hayde L.	2015	Irrigation and Drainage	64	4	10.1002/ird.1917	UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, Netherlands; Water Resources and Irrigation Engineering Department, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia	Dejen, Z.A., UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, Netherlands, Water Resources and Irrigation Engineering Department, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia; Schultz, B., UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, Netherlands; Hayde, L., UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, Netherlands	Water distribution, delivery and hydrodynamics in manually operated gravity irrigation schemes are often complex. The nature of the hydrodynamics and its impacts on water delivery are generally not well understood by operators. The Metahara Irrigation Scheme, Ethiopia, with a gross irrigated area of 11 500 ha, is an example of such a scheme. This paper assesses water supply and demand of the scheme and evaluates the water delivery performance to 15 offtakes at head, middle and tail reaches of a 10-km-long canal. Adequacy, efficiency, equity and dependability were used as indicators of water delivery performance. Results indicated that average annual irrigation supply is in excess of demand by 24%. Water delivery at tertiary levels was adequate in terms of quantity, and suggests insignificant field losses. However, a significant amount is lost in the conveyance and distribution canals and to saline swamps at tail ends. Unlike claims of water shortage, the major water management challenge is lack of sound operational rules, which made the delivery inequitable and inefficient. Delivery was inferior in terms of adequacy and dependability at middle reach offtakes. Optimal water diversion and distribution not only save water, but also reduce the danger of waterlogging and salinity in the scheme. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Ethiopia; Gravity irrigation; Metahara; Performance; Water delivery	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78851470158	Towards a performance-oriented management for large- scale irrigation systems: Case study, Rahad scheme, Sudan	Hamid S.H., Mohamed A.A., Mohamed Y.A.	2011	Irrigation and Drainage	60	1	10.1002/ird.546	Hydraulic Research Station, Wad Medani, Sudan; Institute of Water Management and Irrigation, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan; International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; UNESCO-IHE, Delft, Netherlands	Hamid, S.H., Hydraulic Research Station, Wad Medani, Sudan; Mohamed, A.A., Institute of Water Management and Irrigation, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan; Mohamed, Y.A., International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, UNESCO-IHE, Delft, Netherlands	The underperformance problem of large-scale irrigation systems particularly in developing countries, has adversely affected levels of production of those systems. The fact that these irrigation systems are not managed in response to their performance has been identified as the main reason behind their malfunctioning. A performance-oriented management approach is demonstrated here to help irrigation system managers take the right decisions, through continuous in-season performance assessment. The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer satellite images of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA-AVHRR) for the year 2000, complemented by water release data, were used to assess the performance of the Rahad irrigation scheme, Sudan (126 000ha), on a 10-day time step. The Surface Energy Balance Algorithm (SEBAL) was used to process the NOAA-AVHRR images. The decisions on irrigation water allocation are guided by maps of the relative water supply and soil moisture content generated for the last time step. Further decision support could be realized using the performance indicators of the system and the soil water balance for the given time step. A semiautomatic computer program was developed which can be easily used by field staff to support their management decisions. It is anticipated that the application of such an approach will improve the performance of large-scale irrigation systems, and support development of a performance-oriented management culture among the staff of these irrigation systems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Irrigation systems management; Performance; Remote sensing	None	None
WoS	WOS:000287214300001	IMPACT OF SMALL-SCALE IRRIGATION ON HOUSEHOLD POVERTY: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM THE AMBO DISTRICT IN ETHIOPIA	Bacha, Dereje,Bogale, Ayalneh,Namara, Regassa,Tesfaye, Abonesh	2011	IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE	60	1	10.1002/ird.550	Haramaya University, Int Water Management Inst, Minist Water Resources Dev, Oromia Agr Res Inst	"Namara, Regassa: Haramaya University",	A study was conducted in the Ambo district of western Ethiopia in 2006 to understand the poverty reduction impacts of small-scale irrigation development, using the Indris irrigation system as a case study. The study was based on a survey of representative farm households with and without access to irrigation. The total sample size for the study was 222 (107 households with access to irrigation and 115 without). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, the Foster, Greer and Thobeck poverty indices, and Heckman's selectivity model. Results indicate that the incidence, depth, and severity of poverty are significantly lower among those farm households with access to irrigation. In addition to irrigation, other variables such as farm size, livestock holding size, land productivity, and family size significantly influence the level of household consumption expenditure. However, the proportion of poor people in the overall sample, notwithstanding access to irrigation, is alarmingly high, indicating the deep-rooted and critical situation of poverty in rural Ethiopia. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.	"Heckman Model","household consumption expenditure",POVERTY,"rural poverty","small-scale irrigation"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-82055176073	Performance assessment of smallholder irrigation in the central rift valley of Ethiopia	van Halsema G.E., Keddi Lencha B., Assefa M., Hengsdijk H., Wesseler J.	2011	Irrigation and Drainage	60	5	10.1002/ird.613	Irrigation and Water Engineering Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma, Ethiopia; Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Plant Research International, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; Environmental Economics and Natural Resources Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands	van Halsema, G.E., Irrigation and Water Engineering Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; Keddi Lencha, B., Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma, Ethiopia; Assefa, M., Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Hengsdijk, H., Plant Research International, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; Wesseler, J., Environmental Economics and Natural Resources Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands	The recent increase in smallholder irrigation schemes in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia has been associated with the overexploitation of water resources while the economic viability of these schemes has been questioned. This paper assesses water use efficiencies of the Haleku Irrigation Scheme and quantifies improvement scenarios. The viability of these scenarios is discussed taking into account the socio-economic performance of the Haleku Irrigation Scheme and the nearby Dodicha Irrigation Scheme - that feature similar settings but contrasting socio-economic performance. The irrigation efficiency of Haleku is 35% but conveyance losses and application efficiencies vary widely across the scheme. Scenario results indicate scope for improvement and reduced water abstraction. Yields and economic returns of irrigated crops were higher in Haleku than in Dodicha but yields are still lower than attainable yields. Any strategy to increase irrigation efficiency will have to include a programme to improve crop productivity and economic returns. Considering the over-abstraction of water resources the poor irrigation performance of Haleku and the disappointing socio-economic performance of both Haleku and Dodicha suggest that policy should focus on improving existing schemes in the Central Rift Valley instead of further developing new ones. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.	Horticulture; Irrigation efficiency; Poverty reduction; Water management	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77649197354	Biological relevance of ion energy in performance of human endothelial cells on ion-implanted flexible polyurethane surfaces	Özkucur N., Richter E., Wetzel C., Funk R.H.W., Monsees T.K.	2010	Journal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part A	93	1	10.1002/jbm.a.32541	Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Department of Ion Beam Physics and Material Research, Dresden, Germany; Department of Ion Beam and Plasma Technique, Fraunhofer Institute, Dresden, Germany; Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa	Özkucur, N., Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; Richter, E., Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Department of Ion Beam Physics and Material Research, Dresden, Germany; Wetzel, C., Department of Ion Beam and Plasma Technique, Fraunhofer Institute, Dresden, Germany; Funk, R.H.W., Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; Monsees, T.K., Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany, Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa	To improve the biocompatibility of polyurethane (PUR), we modified the surface by irradiation with different ions (Carbon; C, Oxygen; O, Nitrogen; N, or Argon; Ar) at 0.3-50 keV energy and doses of 1,00E+13 - 1,00E+15 ions/cm 2. The effects of ion implantation using different ion energies and densities were observed on adhesion, proliferation, and viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The long-term in vitro stability of ion-implanted PUR was also investigated. Ion irradiation moderately affected the surface roughness (Ra), but strongly enhanced the work of adhesion (Wa). Cell adhesion was markedly improved on O-, N-, and Ar-, but not on C-implanted PUR surfaces. Medium ion energies and lower ion doses produced the best HUVEC attachment and proliferation, indicating the importance of choosing the proper range of energy applied during ion irradiation. In addition, apoptosis rates were significantly reduced when compared with unmodified PUR (uPUR). N implantation significantly protected the surface, although C implantation led to stronger surface erosions than on uPUR. In total, ion implantation on flexible PUR surfaces strongly improved the material surface characteristics and biocompatibility. Electron beam ion implantation within an appropriate energy window is thus a key to improving flexible PUR surfaces for clinical use to support endothelial cell performance. Thus, it can contribute to designing small-diameter grafts, which are in great demand, towards vascular tissue engineering applications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	Adhesion; Biocompatibility; HUVECs; Ion implantation; Polyurethane	Apoptosis rates; Clinical use; Energy windows; Flexible Polyurethanes; Human endothelial cells; Human umbilical vein endothelial cells; HUVECs; In-vitro; Ion dose; Ion energies; Ion irradiation; Material surface; N implantation; Small-diameter; Surface erosion; Vascular tissue engineering; Work of adhesion; Adhesion; Argon; Biocompatibility; Blood vessel prostheses; Cell adhesion; Cell death; Electron beams; Ion bombardment; Ion implantation; Oxygen; Self assembly; Surface properties; Surface roughness; Tissue engineering; Endothelial cells; argon; carbon; ion; nitrogen; oxygen; polyurethan; apoptosis; article; biocompatibility; cell adhesion; cell count; cell density; cell proliferation; cell structure; cell viability; concentration response; controlled study; electron beam; endothelium cell; energy; human; human cell; implantation; irradiation; surface property; umbilical vein; Apoptosis; Cell Adhesion; Cell Count; Cell Proliferation; Cell Shape; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media; Endothelial Cells; Humans; Implants, Experimental; Ions; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Pliability; Polyurethanes; Surface Properties; Thermodynamics	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-66349139085	Evaluation of extracts of Jatropha curcas and Moringa oleifera in culture media for selective inhibition of saprophytic fungal contaminants	Ayanbimpe G.M., Ojo T.K., Afolabi E., Opara F., Orsaah S., Ojerinde O.S.	2009	Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis	23	3	10.1002/jcla.20311	Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Department of Microbiol	Ayanbimpe, G.M., Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, P.M.B. 2084, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Ojo, T.K., Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Afolabi, E., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Opara, F., Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Orsaah, S., Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Ojerinde, O.S., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria	Most fungi occur in nature and utilize simple sources of carbohydrates and nitrogen for growth. Sabouraud's dextrose agar has been an ideal medium for primary isolation of fungi from clinical specimens, but for specimens from nonsterile sites or heavily contaminated ones, it has been necessary to include inhibitory substances such as antibiotics like chloramphenicol (antibacterial) and cycloheximide (antifungal). The problems we have in the our laboratory owing to frequent contamination of cultures and the delays in the procurement of cycloheximide have stimulated a search for alternatives in our local environment to enhance effective laboratory diagnoses of fungal infections. Purified extracts of the leaves and bark of Jatropha curcas and Moringa oleifera (common plants in our locality) were tested against clinical isolates of fungi at various concentrations to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration at which common fungal contaminants are inhibited, without affecting the growth of the pathogenic fungi sought for. At a concentration of 0.75mgml-1 contaminants were totally inhibited by the leaf extracts. The bark extracts did not inhibit any fungus even at higher concentrations. From the results it was evident that the leaf extracts of both plants have potentials for use as inhibitory substances in culture media against contaminant fungi including Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., etc. J. curcas and M. oleifera are very common plants in our locality. They can be obtained at almost no cost and at any time needed. The benefits of these findings to mycology laboratories in a developing country are enormous. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.	Contaminant fungi; Jatropha; Moringa; Selective inhibition	plant extract; antifungal activity; article; bark; concentration response; controlled study; culture medium; fungal contamination; fungus growth; Jatropha; laboratory test; minimum inhibitory concentration; Moringa oleifera; nonhuman; plant leaf; saprotroph; Antifungal Agents; Aspergillus; Cell Proliferation; Culture Media; Cycloheximide; Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures; Humans; Jatropha; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mitosporic Fungi; Moringa oleifera; Mycoses; Penicillium; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Trichophyton; Aspergillus; Fungi; Jatropha; Jatropha curcas; Moringa; Moringa oleifera; Penicillium	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892484362	Evaluation of rapid syphilis tests in KwaZulu-Natal	Dlamini N.R., Phili R., Connolly C.	2014	Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis	28	1	10.1002/jcla.21647	Department of Medical Microbiology, National Health Laboratory Service, Durban, South Africa; Ethekwini South Business Unit, National Health Laboratory Service, Durban, South Africa; Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa	Dlamini, N.R., Department of Medical Microbiology, National Health Laboratory Service, Durban, South Africa; Phili, R., Ethekwini South Business Unit, National Health Laboratory Service, Durban, South Africa; Connolly, C., Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa	Background: Despite the considerable decrease in the seroprevalence of syphilis in South Africa, with an estimated prevalence of 1.5% in 2010, the disease remains a threat particularly to pregnant women, hence there is a need for a rapid, reliable, and affordable screening and diagnostic test. A laboratory evaluation study was conducted in response to a call by the KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) Provincial Department of Health that is considering using rapid point-of-care syphilis tests. Methods: The performances of the Hexagon and the SD Bioline syphilis tests were compared with the Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA) reference test using 297 (142 positive and 155 negative) serum specimens. Results: Both assays demonstrated good performance with negative and positive concordance of 97 and 94% for the Hexagon assay and 98 and 90% for SD Bioline assay, respectively, when compared to the TPHA. The Hexagon test was quicker and easier to read than the SD Bioline test. Conclusion: Although the rapid syphilis tests performed favorably, a number of issues need to be considered prior to their use for syphilis screening in the public sector of South Africa. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	Rapid; Screening; Syphilis; Testing; Treponemal	article; Hexagon syphilis test; human; human tissue; major clinical study; nonhuman; point of care testing; SD bioline syphilis; syphilis; syphilis rapid test; Treponema pallidum; Treponema pallidum hemagglutination test; Treponema pallidum; rapid; screening; syphilis; testing; treponemal; False Negative Reactions; Female; Hemagglutination Tests; Humans; Pregnancy; Reagins; Reference Standards; South Africa; Syphilis; Treponema pallidum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929298875	Evaluation of the Utility of Serum Prolidase as a Marker for Liver Fibrosis	Stanfliet J.C., Locketz M., Berman P., Pillay T.S.	2015	Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis	29	3	10.1002/jcla.21752	Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria and National Health Laboratory Service, Tshwane Academic Division, Pretoria, South Africa	Stanfliet, J.C., Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa; Locketz, M., Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa; Berman, P., Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa; Pillay, T.S., Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria and National Health Laboratory Service, Tshwane Academic Division, Pretoria, South Africa	Liver dysfunction is common and often unrecognized. Liver biopsy is the gold standard in the assessment of liver fibrosis, but has disadvantages. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of serum prolidase enzyme activity (SPA) in predicting the presence and degree of liver fibrosis, as compared with liver biopsy. Further, we evaluated the effect of hemolysis on measured SPA levels. Methods: We undertook a prospective case control study. Thirty eight outpatients without apparent liver illness and 20 patients with liver pathology scheduled to undergo liver biopsy had their SPA levels measured. Results: Patients undergoing liver biopsy had higher SPA levels (361 (268) IU/l [median (interquartile range)]) compared with controls (169 (160) (P < 0.001)). A SPA cutoff value of 200 IU/l yielded a sensitivity of 89%, specificity of 59%, an odds ratio of 11.5, negative predictive value of 92%, and a positive predictive value of 50%. Hemolysis causes an apparent increase in SPA levels. Conclusion: Higher SPA levels in patients undergoing liver biopsies compared with controls may reflect the presence of liver fibrosis. SPA levels could not be used to stage the degree of fibrosis. SPA measurement may be useful in the diagnostic workup of suspected liver disease. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	Diagnostic accuracy; Liver pathology; Prolidase; Receiver-operator curve; Screening	biological marker; proline dipeptidase; dipeptidase; proline dipeptidase; adult; Article; case control study; clinical article; comparative study; controlled study; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test accuracy study; diagnostic value; enzyme activity; enzyme blood level; female; hemolysis; hepatitis B; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; human tissue; liver biopsy; liver fibrosis; male; predictive value; prospective study; sensitivity and specificity; syphilis; biopsy; blood; liver; liver cirrhosis; pathology; physiology; receiver operating characteristic; retrospective study; Biopsy; Dipeptidases; Female; Hemolysis; Humans; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; ROC Curve	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908481681	In Vivo Monitoring of Intracellular Chloroplast Movements in Intact Leaves of C4 Plants Using Two-Photon Microscopy	Ryu J., Nam H., Kim H.K., Joo Y., Lee S.J., Kim K.H.	2014	Microscopy Research and Technique	77	10	10.1002/jemt.22403	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja Dong, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea; Center for Biofluid and Biomimic Research, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja Dong, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea; Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja Dong, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, CIMMYT-Ethiopia, P. O. Box, 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Ryu, J., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja Dong, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea, Center for Biofluid and Biomimic Research, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja Dong, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea; Nam, H., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja Dong, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea; Kim, H.K., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja Dong, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea, Center for Biofluid and Biomimic Research, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja Dong, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, CIMMYT-Ethiopia, P. O. Box, 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Joo, Y., Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja Dong, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea; Lee, S.J., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja Dong, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea, Center for Biofluid and Biomimic Research, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja Dong, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea; Kim, K.H., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja Dong, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea, Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja Dong, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea	Dynamic changes in the spatial distribution of chloroplasts are essential for optimizing photosynthetic capacity under changing light conditions. Light-induced movement of chloroplasts has been widely investigated, but most studies were conducted on isolated tissues or protoplasts. In this study, a two-photon microscopy (TPM) system was adapted to monitor the intracellular 3-dimensional (3D) movements of chloroplasts in intact leaves of plants during dark to light transitions. The TPM imaging was based on autofluorescence of chlorophyll generated by a femto-second Ti:Sapphire laser. All chloroplasts did not exhibit the same motion in response to irradiation variation. In the sub-epidermal mesophyll cells, chloroplasts generally moved away from the surface following blue light treatment, however many chloroplasts did not show any movement. Such spatial heterogeneity in chloroplast motility underlines the importance of monitoring intracellular orientation and movement of individual chloroplasts across intact leaves. Our investigation shows that the 3D imaging of chloroplasts using TPM can help to understand the changes in local photosynthetic capacity in intact leaves under changing environmental conditions. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	Chloroplast; Intact plants; Intracellular movement; Photosynthetic capacity; Twophoton microscopy	chloroplast; maize; multiphoton microscopy; physiology; plant leaf; procedures; sorghum; three dimensional imaging; ultrastructure; Chloroplasts; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton; Plant Leaves; Sorghum; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76149091240	Microwave-assisted synthesis and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of 3-{3-(s-aryl and s-heteroaromatic)acryloyl}-2H-chromen-2-one derivatives	Ajani O.O., Nwinyi O.C.	2010	Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry	47	1	10.1002/jhet.298	Chemistry Department, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Biological Science, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	Ajani, O.O., Chemistry Department, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Nwinyi, O.C., Department of Biological Science, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	(Chemical Equation Presented) The exploration of potential utilization of microwaves as an energy source for heterocyclic synthesis was herein investigated using condensation of 3-acetylcoumarin (1) with aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes to afford the corresponding aromatic chalcones (2a-j) and heteroaromatic chalcones (3a-e and 4a-e), respectively, in good to excellent yield within 1-3 min. The chemical structures were confirmed by analytical and spectral data. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity and 3-{3-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)acryloyl}-2H-chromen-2- one (2i) was discovered to be the most active at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 7.8 μg/mL. © 2010 HeteroCorporation.	None	3 (5 phenylpenta 2,4 dienoyl) 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (3 hydroxyphenyl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (4 chlorophenyl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (4 dimethylaminophenyl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (4 ethylphenyl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (4 hydroxy 3 methoxyphenyl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (4 hydroxyphenyl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (4 nitrophenyl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 chloro 1h pyrrol 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 chlorofuran 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 ethyl 1h pyrrol 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 ethylfuran 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 methyl 1h pyrrol 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 methylfuran 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 nitro 1h pyrrol 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 nitrofuran 2 yl]acryloyl) 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (furan 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 acetylcoumarin; 3 cinnamoyl 2h chromen 2 one; aldehyde derivative; antiinfective agent; chalcone derivative; coumarin derivative; streptomycin; unclassified drug; antibacterial activity; article; Bacillus anthracis; Bacillus cereus; Bacillus subtilis; controlled study; drug screening; drug structure; drug synthesis; Escherichia coli; Geobacillus stearothermophilus; infrared spectroscopy; Klebsiella pneumoniae; mass spectrometry; microwave radiation; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; nuclear magnetic resonance; polymerization; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Shigella dysenteriae; Staphylococcus aureus; ultraviolet spectroscopy	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646572205	Investments in ICT-capital and economic performance of small and medium scale enterprises in East Africa	Chowdhury S.K.	2006	Journal of International Development	18	4	10.1002/jid.1250	International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), 2033 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20006, United States; Susanna Wolf Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Chowdhury, S.K., International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), 2033 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20006, United States, Susanna Wolf Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	In this paper, we focused on whether investments in ICTs could cause any increases in a firm's performance. We constructed a data set for two East African countries - Kenya and Tanzania for small and medium scale enterprises and focused on three performance indicators - internal rate of return, labour productivity and domestic and export market expansion. Findings of this paper suggested that investments in ICT have a positive impact on general market expansion. However, it has a negative impact on labour productivity, and such investment does not have any significant impact on the firm's return nor does it determine the firm's exporter (non-exporter) status. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	East Africa; Enterprises; ICT capital; ICTs; Investments	information and communication technology; investment; small and medium-sized enterprise; Africa; East Africa; Kenya; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547153730	Globalisation and poverty: Impacts on households of employment and restructuring in the Textiles industry of South Africa	Bezuidenhout A., Khunou G., Mosoetsa S., Sutherland K., Thoburn J.	2007	Journal of International Development	19	5	10.1002/jid.1308	Sociology of Work Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Development Studies, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom	Bezuidenhout, A., Sociology of Work Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Khunou, G., Sociology of Work Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Mosoetsa, S., Sociology of Work Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Sutherland, K., School of Development Studies, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom; Thoburn, J., School of Development Studies, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom	This paper addresses an important but often neglected theme in debates on globalisation - the consequences for workers of engagement in global markets, particularly for those workers who are retrenched in the process. Using the South African textiles industry as a case study, the paper investigates the impact on workers' household livelihoods of industrial restructuring following trade liberalisation in the 1990s. Interviews with textile workers and retrenched textile workers were conducted in five locations in three provinces - the Western Cape, the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal - in order to capture different local dynamics. Workers employed in textiles generally enjoy a relatively stable formal sector wage, which, though less than the manufacturing average, is well above the national poverty line. However, the benefits were not evenly spread between the regions and job insecurity has been increasing. Workers retrenched from textile employment have faced extreme difficulties in a country with exceptionally high levels of open unemployment, and many families have fallen into deep poverty, which may now be transmitted intergenerationally. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Globalisation; Households; Poverty; South Africa; Textiles; Trade liberalisation	employment; globalization; industrial restructuring; poverty; textile industry; trade liberalization; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-61749094806	Internalisation and firm performance: Evidence from estimates of efficiency in banking in Namibia and Tanzania	Okeahalam C.C.	2008	Journal of International Development	20	7	10.1002/jid.1455	BAR, AGH Group, Private Bag X9, Benmore 2010 Johannesburg, South Africa	Okeahalam, C.C., BAR, AGH Group, Private Bag X9, Benmore 2010 Johannesburg, South Africa	This paper assesses and compares the impact of internationalisation on the economic performance of firms in the banking sector in Namibia and Tanzania. With the aid of financial ratios and econometric analysis, measures of efficiency are used as proxies for overall economic performance and comparisons are made. In Namibia, the market is more concentrated than in Tanzania, all the foreign banks are fromone country, and they have had a presence in the country for a long time. In Tanzania, the market is less concentrated than in Namibia, foreign entry is from a number of countries and has been more recent. The study finds that in Namibia, all the foreign banks are larger but more inefficient than domestically owned banks. In Tanzania, foreign banks are more efficient than domestic banks. These results suggest that the generation of foreign entry and industry structure are significant determinants of positive spillovers of internationalisation. They also indicate that the type of foreign entrant, not, just foreign entry determines the impact on efficiency and the competitive landscape. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Banking; Competition; Effciency; Internationalisation; Namibia; Performance; Tanzania	banking; competition (economics); competitiveness; globalization; technical efficiency; Africa; East Africa; Namibia; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-66049132442	Institutions and economic performance: Implications for African development	Luiz J.M.	2009	Journal of International Development	21	1	10.1002/jid.1472	Wits Business School, University of Witwatersrand, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa	Luiz, J.M., Wits Business School, University of Witwatersrand, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa	The recent economic performance of Sub Saharan Africa has been very disappointing. Its poverty has many dimensions and causes, both internal and external. This paper focuses on the role of institutions in promoting or hindering economic development in Africa and the implications for doing business on the continent. It questions our understanding of institutions and how they develop and warns against simplistic assumptions in this regard. The paper examines how it is that institutions come to affect economic growth and the characteristics of what makes for good institutions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Africa; Development; Institutions	business; economic development; economic growth; institutional development; poverty; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650230819	Potential impacts of a green revolution in Africa-the case of Ghana	Breisinger C., Diao X., Thurlow J., Hassan R.M.A.	2011	Journal of International Development	23	1	10.1002/jid.1641	International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC, United States; University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana	Breisinger, C., International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC, United States; Diao, X., International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC, United States; Thurlow, J., International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC, United States; Hassan, R.M.A., University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana	Agricultural growth in Africa has accelerated, yet most of this growth has been driven by land expansion. Land expansion potential is reaching its limits, urging governments to shift towards a green revolution type of productivity-led growth. Given the huge public investments required, this paper aims to assess the potential impacts of a green revolution. Results from a CGE model for Ghana show that green revolution type growth is strongly pro-poor and provides substantial transfers to the rest of the economy, thus providing a powerful argument to raise public expenditure on agriculture to make a green revolution happen in Africa. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Africa; Agriculture; CGE; Ghana; Green revolution; Growth; Microsimulation; Poverty	agricultural economics; green revolution; investment; numerical model; poverty; public spending; Ghana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888059440	Impact of the global financial and economic crisis on development: Whither africa?	Fosu A.K.	2013	Journal of International Development	25	8	10.1002/jid.2971	UN University, WIDER, Helsinki, Finland; University of Ghana, Economics and ISSER, Legon, Accra, Ghana	Fosu, A.K., UN University, WIDER, Helsinki, Finland, University of Ghana, Economics and ISSER, Legon, Accra, Ghana	The global economic crisis beginning in 2008 has come at an inopportune time for Africa. Economic growth had recovered, poverty had declined, and human development had improved. Then the crisis hit. Growth then fell by 60 per cent. The growth decline has been less than in previous economic crises though. Africa's resilience currently likely results from improvements in economic and political governance and to changes in the external environment. It appears that Africa will once again resume its path towards prosperity. However, although low-income and 'fragile' countries appear to be holding up well, many of them critically depend on external assistance. Above all, the commitment to improved governance must continue. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Africa; Economic crisis; Global	financial crisis; global economy; low income population; Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888030853	Financial crisis in asia: Its genesis, severity and impact on poverty and hunger	Imai K.S., Gaiha R., Thapa G., Annim S.K.	2013	Journal of International Development	25	8	10.1002/jid.2972	University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; University of Delhi, Delhi, India; IFAD, Rome, Italy; University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	Imai, K.S., University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Gaiha, R., University of Delhi, Delhi, India; Thapa, G., IFAD, Rome, Italy; Annim, S.K., University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	Building on the recent literature on finance, growth and hunger, we have examined the experience of Asian countries over the period 1960-2010 by dynamic and static panel data models. We have found evidence favouring a positive role of finance-defined as private credit by banks-on growth of GDP and agricultural value added. Private credit as well as loans from the World Bank significantly reduces undernourishment, whereas remittances and loans from microfinance institutions appear to have a negative impact on poverty. Our empirical evidence shows that growth performance was significantly lower during the recent global financial crisis than non-crisis periods, although the severity is much smaller during the recent financial crisis than Asian financial crisis. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Agriculture; Asia; Economic development; Finance; Inequality; Poverty	agriculture; credit provision; economic development; empirical analysis; financial crisis; Gross Domestic Product; hunger; lending behavior; panel data; poverty; Asia	ESRC, Economic and Social Research Council
Scopus	2-s2.0-84954381413	Performance of pairwise shape dissimilarity morphometrics on nonmammalian taxa (Insecta: Neuroptera: Mantispidae)	Bakkes D.K., Snyman L.P., Pirk C.W.W., Sole C.L.	2015	Journal of Morphology	276	12	10.1002/jmor.20436	Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa	Bakkes, D.K., Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa; Snyman, L.P., Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa; Pirk, C.W.W., Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa; Sole, C.L., Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa	Morphometric dissimilarity metrics aim to quantify the variation between compared specimens such that inferences about their relatedness and alpha taxonomy can be made. Recently, the technique has developed metrics that purport to quantify shape dissimilarity between specimens-employing the use of least squares regression analysis. These metrics have been well applied by studies in the hominin fossil record with an arguably unsubstantiated backing for the technique. Originally postulated was the log10 sem metric which subsequently led to the standard error test of the hypothesis metric. Following this, the standard deviation of logged ratios (SLR) metric arose as a pairwise dissimilarity metric that constrains the regression to a zero-intercept, that is, a significant development in the robustness of the technique. This metric was tested on extant primates in order to evaluate its effectiveness alongside the two other metrics. It was shown to be the most reliable for comparisons between specimens of primates, but was unable to discriminate between heterospecific and conspecific comparisons. Arguably, an alternative model organism with which to compare the technique is lacking. This study considers shape dissimilarity metrics with respect to a group of nonmammalian organisms (mantidflies) and tests the metrics against three lines of evidence (morphology, CO1-DNA, and geographic distribution) that can delimit the species-level taxonomy for the group. It is shown that the metrics are unable to discriminate between pairwise comparisons of closely related species, resulting in biologically erroneous groupings, and contradicting the groupings derived from morphological, CO1-DNA, and distributional comparisons. It is thus asserted that the technique is unsuitable for use in alpha taxonomy as an additional line of evidence in mantidflies. It is further supposed that morphometrics in general should be employed with caution in studies of evolutionary history as phylogeny is not the only information contained within morphometric data. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	DNA; Log sem; Mantispid; Standard deviation of logged ratios; Standard error test of the hypothesis	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956627853	Poor performance of hepatitis C antibody tests in hospital patients in Uganda	Seremba E., Ocama P., Opio C.K., Thomas D.L., Yuan H.J., Attar N., Lee W.M.	2010	Journal of Medical Virology	82	8	10.1002/jmv.21817	Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, MD, United States; Southwestern Medical School, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, United States	Seremba, E., Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; Ocama, P., Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; Opio, C.K., Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; Thomas, D.L., Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; Yuan, H.J., Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, MD, United States; Attar, N., Southwestern Medical School, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, United States; Lee, W.M., Southwestern Medical School, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, United States	Most hepatitis C testing in Uganda is performed using commercial rapid strip assays (RSA) to detect antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV), rather than enzyme immunoassays (EIA). The prevalence of hepatitis C antibodies in a Ugandan hospital population was determined using both methods to test their accuracy using nucleic acid testing (NAT) as a reference. Sera from 380 consecutive hospitalized Ugandan patients were tested for anti-HCV using an RSA in Uganda, with subsequent automated third-generation EIA testing in the United States, followed by NAT. Recombinant immunoblot assays (RIBA) were used as a supplementary test to detect anti-HCV epitopes. Overall, anti-HCV was detected in 48/380 (13%) by one or both antibody tests. Anti-HCV was detected in 19 (5.0%) patients by RSA and in 33 (8.7%) patients by EIA; only four patients were anti-HCV positive by both methods. Fourteen of the 48 anti-HCV positive patients had detectable serum HCV RNA, 7 each by bDNA assay or by PCR. RSA detected only 7 of 14 HCV RNA positive sera. Of 29 RNA negative but anti-HCV positive patients tested by RIBA, only two were anti-HCV positive; 27 were anti-HCV negative or indeterminate. Anti-HCV testing by RSA and/or EIA was neither sensitive nor specific for detection of ongoing HCV infection in hospitalized Ugandan patients. Our findings underscore the importance of confirmatory nucleic acid testing, which, despite its increased cost, appears essential to manage African patients with HCV. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.	Anti-HCV; Enzyme immunoassay; Nucleic acid testing; Rapid slide test	hepatitis C antibody; virus antibody; virus RNA; hepatitis C antibody; adolescent; adult; aged; antibody blood level; article; assay; cohort analysis; cross-sectional study; diagnostic accuracy; DNA determination; female; hepatitis C; Hepatitis C virus; hospitalization; human; immunoassay; immunoblotting; major clinical study; male; polymerase chain reaction; rapid strip assay; recombinant immunoblot assay; sensitivity and specificity; seroprevalence; Uganda; United States; West Nile flavivirus; blood; comparative study; evaluation study; hepatitis C; hospital; immunoassay; middle aged; procedures; very elderly; young adult; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Hepatitis C; Hepatitis C Antibodies; Hospitals; Humans; Immunoassay; Male; Middle Aged; Sensitivity and Specificity; Uganda; Young Adult; Hepatitis C virus; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Hepatitis C; Hepatitis C Antibodies; Hospitals; Humans; Immunoassay; Male; Middle Aged; Sensitivity and Specificity; Uganda; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-81355147314	Prevalence and impact of hepatitis B and C virus co-infections in antiretroviral treatment naïve patients with HIV infection at a major treatment center in Ghana	Sagoe K.W.C., Agyei A.A., Ziga F., Lartey M., Adiku T.K., Seshi M., Arens M.Q., Mingle J.A.A.	2012	Journal of Medical Virology	84	1	10.1002/jmv.22262	Clinical Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; Pharmacy Department, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Retrovirus Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO, United States	Sagoe, K.W.C., Clinical Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; Agyei, A.A., Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; Ziga, F., Pharmacy Department, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Lartey, M., Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; Adiku, T.K., Clinical Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; Seshi, M., Clinical Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; Arens, M.Q., Retrovirus Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO, United States; Mingle, J.A.A., Clinical Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana	Data on the effects of the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in patients co-infected with these viruses and HIV in West Africa are conflicting and little information is available in Ghana. A cohort of 138 treatment naïve individuals infected with HIV was screened for HBV and HCV serologic markers; HBsAg positive patients were tested for HBeAg, anti-HBe, and anti-HBc IgM. The viral load of HIV-1 in the plasma was determined in 81 patients. Eighteen of the 138 patients (13%) and 5 (3.6%) had HBsAg and anti-HCV, respectively. None of the patients had anti-HBc IgM, but 10 (55.6%) and 8 (44.4%) of the 18 patients who were HBsAg positive had HBeAg and anti-HBe, respectively. In patients with measurement of CD4 + undertaken within 1 month (n=83), CD4 + count was significantly lower in patients with HBeAg (median [IQR], 81 [22-144]) as compared to those with anti-HBe (median [IQR], 210 [197-222]) (P=0.002, CI: -96.46 to 51.21). However, those with HIV mono-infection had similar CD4 + counts (median [IQR], 57 [14-159]) compared to those with HBeAg (P=1.0, CI: -71.75 to 73.66). Similar results were obtained if CD4 + count was measured within 2 months prior to initiation of HAART (n=119). Generally, HBV and anti-HCV did not affect CD4 + and viral loads of HIV-1 in plasma but patients with HIV and HBV co-infection who had HBeAg had more severe immune suppression as compared to those with anti-HBe. This may have implication for initiating HAART in HBV endemic areas. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	CD4 +; Ghana; Hepatitis viruses; HIV; Viral load	antiretrovirus agent; hepatitis B core antibody; hepatitis B surface antigen; hepatitis B(e) antibody; hepatitis B(e) antigen; adult; article; CD4+ T lymphocyte; controlled study; Ghana; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis C virus; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immune response; major clinical study; mixed infection; prevalence; screening test; virus load; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Coinfection; Comorbidity; Female; Ghana; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; Hepatitis C; Hepatitis C Antibodies; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Immunoglobulin M; Male; Middle Aged; Viral Load; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis C virus; Human immunodeficiency virus 1	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33750303862	Performance of recalibration systems for GCM forecasts for southern Africa	Shongwe M.E., Landman W.A., Mason S.J.	2006	International Journal of Climatology	26	12	10.1002/joc.1319	Swaziland National Meteorological Service, Mbabane, Swaziland; Department of Geography Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; South Africa Weather Service, Pretoria, South Africa; International Research Institute for Climate and Society, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 201, 3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands	Shongwe, M.E., Swaziland National Meteorological Service, Mbabane, Swaziland, Department of Geography Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 201, 3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands; Landman, W.A., Department of Geography Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, South Africa Weather Service, Pretoria, South Africa; Mason, S.J., International Research Institute for Climate and Society, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States	Two regression-based methods that recalibrate the ECHAM4.5 general circulation model (GCM) output during austral summer have been developed for southern Africa, and their performance assessed over a 12-year retroactive period 1989/90-2000/01. A linear statistical model linking near-global sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) to regional rainfall has also been developed. The recalibration technique is model output statistics (MOS) using principal components regression (PCR) and canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to statistically link archived records of the GCM to regional rainfall over much of Africa, south of the equator. The predictability of anomalously dry and wet conditions over each rainfall region during December-February (DJF) using the linear statistical model and MOS models has been quantitatively evaluated. The MOS technique outperforms the raw-GCM ensembles and the linear statistical model. Neither the PCR-MOS nor the CCA-MOS models show clear superiority over the other, probably because the two methods are closely related. The need to recalibrate GCM predictions at regional scales to improve their skill at smaller spatial scales is further demonstrated in this paper. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society.	Canonical correlation analysis; Climate variability; General circulation models; Model output statistics; Model validation; Principal components regression; Sea-surface temperatures; Seasonal climate pediction; Southern Africa	Atmospheric movements; Atmospheric temperature; Climate change; Correlation methods; Mathematical models; Principal component analysis; Rain; Regression analysis; Canonical correlation analysis; Climate variability; General circulation model (GCM); Model output statistics; Principal components regression; Sea-surface temperature; Seasonal climate prediction; Climatology; atmospheric modeling; calibration; climate variation; forecasting method; general circulation model; model validation; principal component analysis; regression analysis; sea surface temperature; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-61749084412	The impact of the positive Indian Ocean dipole on Zimbabwe droughts	Manatsa D., Chingombe W., Matarira C.H.	2008	International Journal of Climatology	28	15	10.1002/joc.1695	Bindura University of Science Education, Faculty of Science, Zimbabwe; Geography Department, National University of Lesotho, Lesotho, Lesotho; University of the Western Cape, Department of Earth Sciences, Western Cape, South Africa	Manatsa, D., Bindura University of Science Education, Faculty of Science, Zimbabwe; Chingombe, W., Bindura University of Science Education, Faculty of Science, Zimbabwe, University of the Western Cape, Department of Earth Sciences, Western Cape, South Africa; Matarira, C.H., Geography Department, National University of Lesotho, Lesotho, Lesotho	A comparative study of the impact of the anomalous positive Indian Ocean SST gradient, referred to as the Indian Ocean Dipole/Zonal Mode (IODZM), and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on Zimbabwe seasonal rainfall variability for the period 1940-1999, is documented. Composite techniques together with simple and partial correlation analyses are employed to segregate the unique association related to IODZM/ENSO with respect to the Zimbabwe seasonal rainfall. The analysis reveals that the IODZM impact on the country's summer rainfall is overwhelming as compared to that of ENSO when the two are in competition. The IODZM influence remains high (significant above 99% confidence level), even after the influence of ENSO has been removed, while that of ENSO collapses to insignificance (even at 90% confidence level) when the IODZM contribution is eliminated. The relationship between ENSO and Zimbabwe seasonal rainfall seems to be sustained through El Niño occurring in the presence of positive IODZM events. However, when the co-occurring positive IODZM and El Niño events are removed from the analysis, it is apparently clear that ENSO has little to do with the country's rainfall variability. On the other hand, positive IODZM is mostly associated with the rainfall deficits, whether or not it co-occurs with El Niño. However, the co-occurrence of the two events does not necessarily suggest that El Niño influences droughts through the positive IODZM events. The El Niño event components during co-occurrence seem to be unrelated (at least linearly) to the droughts, while the positive IODZM events display a relatively strong relationship that is significant above the 95% confidence level. It thus becomes important to extend the study of this nature to cover the whole of southern Africa, so that the extent of the impact of the phenomena can be realized over the whole region. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society.	Drought prediction; Droughts; El Niño-Southern oscillation; Indian ocean dipole/Zonal Mode; Seasonal rainfall; Southern Africa	Atmospheric pressure; Drought; Nickel compounds; Ocean engineering; Oceanography; Co occurrences; Comparative studies; Confidence levels; Indian ocean dipole/Zonal Mode; Indian ocean dipoles; Influence of enso; Partial correlations; Rainfall variabilities; Seasonal rainfall; Southern Africa; Summer rainfalls; Zimbabwe; Rain; air-sea interaction; correlation; drought; El Nino-Southern Oscillation; rainfall; sea surface temperature; seasonal variation; Africa; Indian Ocean; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349223924	Performance comparison of some dynamical and empirical downscaling methods for South Africa from a seasonal climate modelling perspective	Landman W.A., Kgatuke M.-J., Mbedzi M., Beraki A., Bartman A., du Piesanie A.	2009	International Journal of Climatology	29	11	10.1002/joc.1766	South African Weather Service, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Landman, W.A., South African Weather Service, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Kgatuke, M.-J., South African Weather Service, Pretoria, South Africa; Mbedzi, M., South African Weather Service, Pretoria, South Africa; Beraki, A., South African Weather Service, Pretoria, South Africa; Bartman, A., South African Weather Service, Pretoria, South Africa; du Piesanie, A., South African Weather Service, Pretoria, South Africa	The ability of advanced state-of-the-art methods of downscaling large-scale climate predictions to regional and local scale as seasonal rainfall forecasting tools for South Africa is assessed. Various downscaling techniques and raw general circulation model (GCM) output are compared to one another over 10 December-January-February (DJF) seasons from 1991/1992 to 2000/2001 and also to a baseline prediction technique that uses only global sea-surface temperature (SST) anomalies as predictors. The various downscaling techniques described in this study include both an empirical technique called model output statistics (MOS) and a dynamical technique where a finer resolution regional climate model (RCM) is nested into the large-scale fields of a coarser GCM. The study addresses the performance of a number of simulation systems (no forecast lead-time) of varying complexity. These systems' performance is tested for both homogeneous regions and for 963 stations over South Africa, and compared with each other over the 10-year test period. For the most part, the simulations method outscores the baseline method that uses SST anomalies to simulate rainfall, therefore providing evidence that current approaches in seasonal forecasting are outscoring earlier ones. Current operational forecasting approaches involve the use of GCMs, which are considered to be the main tool whereby seasonal forecasting efforts will improve in the future. Advantages in statistically post-processing output from GCMs as well as output from RCMs are demonstrated. Evidence is provided that skill should further improve with an increased number of ensemble members. The demonstrated importance of statistical models in operation capacities is a major contribution to the science of seasonal forecasting. Although RCMs are preferable due to physical consistency, statistical models are still providing similar or even better skill and should still be applied. © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society.	Downscaling; General circulation model; Model output statistics; Regional climate model; South Africa	Downscaling; General circulation model; Model output statistics; Regional climate model; South Africa; Atmospheric temperature; Atmospherics; Climatology; Forecasting; Rain; Submarine geophysics; Simulators; climate modeling; climate prediction; downscaling; empirical analysis; forecasting method; general circulation model; rainfall; regional climate; sea surface temperature; seasonal variation; temperature anomaly; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349873676	Climate change impact on SWAT simulated streamflow in western Kenya	Githui F., Gitau W., Mutua F., Bauwens W.	2009	International Journal of Climatology	29	12	10.1002/joc.1828	Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Meteorology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Centre de Recherches de Climatologie, Université de Bourgogne, 6 Bd Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France	Githui, F., Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Gitau, W., Centre de Recherches de Climatologie, Université de Bourgogne, 6 Bd Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France; Mutua, F., Department of Meteorology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Bauwens, W., Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium	Weather and climate extremes such as droughts and floods have far reaching impacts in Kenya. They have had implications in a variety of sectors including agriculture, water resources, health, energy, and disaster management among others. Lake Victoria and its catchment support millions of people and any impact on its ability to support the livelihoods of the communities in this region is of major concern. Thus, the main objective of this study was to assess the potential future climatic changes on the Nzoia catchment in the Lake Victoria basin, and how they might affect streamflow. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool was used to investigate the impact of climatic change on streamflow of the study area. The model was set up using readily available spatial and temporal data, and calibrated against measured daily streamflow. Climate change scenarios were obtained from general circulation models. Results obtained showed increased amounts of annual rainfall for all the scenarios but with variations on a monthly basis. All - but one - global circulation models (GCMs) showed consistency in the monthly rainfall amounts. Rainfall was higher in the 2050s than in the 2020s. According to climate change scenarios, temperature will increase in this region, with the 2050s experiencing much higher increases than the 2020s with a monthly temperature change range of 0-1.7 °C. The range of change in mean annual rainfall of 2.4-23.2% corresponded to a change in streamflow of about 6-115%. The analysis revealed important rainfall-runoff linear relationships for certain months that could be extrapolated to estimate amounts of streamflow under various scenarios of change in rainfall. Streamflow response was not sensitive to changes in temperature. If all other variables, e.g. land cover, population growth etc., were held constant, a significant increase in streamflow may be expected in the coming decades as a consequence of increased rainfall amounts. © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society.	Climate change; General circulation models; Hydrology; Modelling; Runoff; Streamflow	Annual rainfall; Climate change impact; Climate change scenarios; Climatic changes; Disaster management; General circulation model; General circulation models; Global circulation model; Lake Victoria; Land cover; Linear relationships; Modelling; Population growth; Rainfall runoff; Soil and Water assessment tools; Study areas; Temperature changes; Temporal Data; Catchments; Disaster prevention; Drought; Rain; Runoff; Stream flow; Thermal effects; Water; Water resources; Climate change; climate change; climate effect; computer simulation; general circulation model; hydrological modeling; rainfall-runoff modeling; streamflow; temperature anomaly; Africa; East Africa; East African Lakes; Kenya; Lake Victoria; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77950227267	Synoptic-based evaluation of climatic response to vegetation change over Southern Africa	MacKellar N., Tadross M., Hewitson B.	2010	International Journal of Climatology	30	5	10.1002/joc.1925	Climate Systems Analysis Group, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Danish Climate Centre, Danish Meteorological Institute, Lyngbyvej 100, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark	MacKellar, N., Climate Systems Analysis Group, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa, Danish Climate Centre, Danish Meteorological Institute, Lyngbyvej 100, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Tadross, M., Climate Systems Analysis Group, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Hewitson, B., Climate Systems Analysis Group, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	The results of regional climate model (RCM) simulations of the effects of vegetation change in southern Africa are analysed to asses the role of synoptic forcing in land-atmosphere interactions. A self-organizing map (SOM) is used to identify the dominant large-scale features in the atmospheric boundary conditions used to force the RCM. The fields used to characterize the large-scale circulation are geopotential height at 850 and 500 hPa and total precipitable water between these two levels. For each of the patterns (nodes) identified in these variables by the SOM, the mean RCM-simulated response to vegetation change is evaluated. Notable differences are seen in the response of precipitation, near-surface temperature and geopotential heights to the land surface change between different nodes. Conditions characterized by strong sub-tropical anticyclones and low atmospheric moisture show the greatest temperature and geopotential height changes and are most sensitive to changes in radiative fluxes, whereas precipitation and surface hydrological processes are more sensitive under conditions of weak subsidence and high levels of atmospheric moisture. © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society.	Land-atmosphere interaction; Self-organizing maps; Southern Africa	Atmospheric boundary conditions; Atmospheric moisture; Climatic response; Geopotential height; Hydrological process; Land surface change; Large-scale circulation; Near surface temperature; Radiative fluxes; Regional climate models; Simulated response; Synoptic forcing; Total precipitable water; Vegetation change; Atmospheric pressure; Climate models; Conformal mapping; Moisture; Self organizing maps; Strength of materials; Vegetation; Climate change; air-soil interaction; anticyclone; atmospheric moisture; boundary condition; climate modeling; computer simulation; geopotential; map; regional climate; synoptic meteorology; vegetation dynamics; Southern Africa; Equus asinus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952286566	Relative impacts of ENSO and Indian Ocean dipole/zonal mode on east SADC rainfall	Manatsa D., Matarira C.H., Mukwada G.	2011	International Journal of Climatology	31	4	10.1002/joc.2086	Geography Department, Bindura University of Science, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Oceanography Department, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Geography Department, National University of Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho; Postgraduate Research Division, University of the Western Cape, South Africa	Manatsa, D., Geography Department, Bindura University of Science, Bindura, Zimbabwe, Oceanography Department, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Matarira, C.H., Geography Department, National University of Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho; Mukwada, G., Postgraduate Research Division, University of the Western Cape, South Africa	The current paper is an observational study that investigates the October to December (OND) rainfall variability over the east Southern African Development Community (SADC) mainland region in relation to El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean dipole zonal mode (IODZM) for the period 1950-1999. An empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of OND rainfall field revealed that the north-south aligned areas of the eastern SADC are located in different covariability regions. This meridionally aligned dipole rainfall anomaly configuration is captured only in the dominant principal component (PC1), making it possible for the opposing rainfall anomalies of the two regions to have a common trigger. However, ENSO which is the standard attribute for regional rainfall variability failed dismally to adequately explain this dipole rainfall anomaly pattern. Instead, there appears to be consistent evidence through statistical techniques which strongly indicates the likelihood of the participation of only the positive IODZM phase events in the creation of the positive dipole rainfall phase (i.e. simultaneous floods over the northeast and droughts over the southeast of the SADC region). Since the negative IODZM phase events can hardly be linked to the reverse rainfall pattern, it implies that the positive and negative rainfall dipoles have fundamentally different causes. Thus, contrary to convectional knowledge, the ENSO association to this dipole rainfall anomaly pattern is by no means robust and could be symptomatic of the well-known ENSO-IODZM connection. Interestingly, however, when analysed over the 31-year overlapping segments, IODZM's once significant independent influence on this dipole rainfall seems to be diminishing gradually as from the early 1990s, whereas that of ENSO is correspondingly being reinforced. © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society.	Dipole rainfall anomaly pattern; Droughts; ENSO; IODZM; SADC; Wet seasons	ENSO; IODZM; Rainfall anomaly; SADC; Wet season; Atmospheric pressure; Drought; Financial data processing; Fourier analysis; Nickel compounds; Orthogonal functions; Principal component analysis; Rain; air-sea interaction; drought; El Nino-Southern Oscillation; empirical analysis; rainfall; sea surface temperature; wet season; Indian Ocean	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921029684	Statistical evaluation of CMIP5 climate change model simulations for the Ethiopian highlands	Jury M.R.	2015	International Journal of Climatology	35	1	10.1002/joc.3960	University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa; Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico	Jury, M.R., University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa, Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico	This study compares Climate Research Unit version 3 reference observations in the period 1980-2009 with Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Five (CMIP5)-simulated climate patterns and trends over the Ethiopian highlands (7-14N, 36-40E) using the rcp6 scenario. Three metrics are used in a stepwise statistical evaluation: (1) mean annual cycle of area-averaged rainfall (R) and maximum temperature (Tx), (2) spatial pattern of R and Tx over Ethiopia and (3) interannual (1.5-6 years) R and Tx variability. Those models passing the first step by simulating a unimodal annual cycle reaching 28 °C in March-May and 9 mm day-1 in July-August are then evaluated for their ability to represent the cool, wet 'island' pattern over the highest elevation. Finally, the models' ability to follow observed area-averaged R and Tx anomalies from 1980 to 2009 is analysed by correlation. The stepwise metrics are designed to improve confidence in the use of CMIP5 models for future resource management and development planning across the Ethiopian highlands. The models with optimal performance in the most categories include the HAD, CCSM and GFDL. © 2014 Royal Meteorological Society.	CMIP5 simulations; Comparison metrics; Ethiopian highlands; Statistical evaluation	Climate change; Rain; Climate change modeling; CMIP5 simulations; Comparison metrics; Coupled Model Intercomparison Project; Development planning; Ethiopian highlands; Resource management; Statistical evaluation; Climate models	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67049096368	Mechanistic evaluation of alginate-HEC gelisphere compacts for controlled intrastriatal nicotine release in Parkinson's disease	Choonara Y.E., Pillay V., Khan R.A., Singh N., Du Toit L.C.	2009	Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	98	6	10.1002/jps.21590	Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Industrial Chemistry, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India	Choonara, Y.E., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Pillay, V., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Khan, R.A., Department of Industrial Chemistry, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India; Singh, N., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Du Toit, L.C., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa	This study focused on elucidating a mechanistic understanding in support of the multiple mechanisms which govern the formation of crosslinked alginate-hydroxyethylcellulose (Alg-HEC) gelispheres intended for the controlled intrastriatal release of nicotine as a neuroprotectant in Parkinson's Disease. HEC was incorporated as a reinforcing "protective" colloidal polymer to induce interactions between the free carboxyl groups of alginate with hydroxylated HEC monomers. Gelispheres were compressed within an external poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) matrix to further prolong the release of nicotine. Sol-gel interconversion mechanisms, matrix deformability moduli, matrix fracture energies and chemometric models of the associated energy paradigms were analyzed for their influence on the mechanism and extent of nicotine release. Textural profiling demonstrated higher fracture energies (7.94-26.69×10-4 J) and lower deformability moduli (12.24-58.36 N/mm) when gelispheres were cured in 2 MHCl as a postcuring step. Ba 2+ crosslinked gelispheres resulted in superiorly compact matrices with an increase in volume of 201-329% as compared to the Ca2+ and Zn2+ crosslinked matrices. The order of matrix compactness was as follows: Zn2+&lt;Ca2+&lt;Ba2+. Molecular mechanisms of formation, interaction, conversion, and stability of sol-gel transitions depended on the type of crosslinker, crosslinking time, energy transactions, and interactions with molecules of the hydration medium. Ba 2+ crosslinked gelispheres released nicotine slower than Ca 2+ and Zn2+ crosslinked gelispheres due to the higher energy requirement for interconversion to sol while the energy requirements for Ca2+ and Zn2+ was at a lower demand. Ba2+ crosslinked gelispheres within PLGA matrices therefore retarded nicotine release in a pseudo-zero-order manner over 21 days. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association.	Bioavailability; Biomaterials; Blood-brain barrier; Controlled release; Crosslinking; Gelispheres; Parkinson's disease; Polymers; Sol-gel interconversion; Targeted drug delivery; Textural profiling	alginic acid; barium; calcium; hydroxyethylcellulose; monomer; nicotine; polyglactin; transferase; zinc; article; chemometric analysis; controlled drug release; controlled study; cross linking; drug release; energy; gel; hydration; neuroprotection; Parkinson disease; solid; surface property; Alginates; Cellulose; Cross-Linking Reagents; Drug Delivery Systems; Elasticity; Gels; Glucuronic Acid; Hexuronic Acids; Humans; Neuroprotective Agents; Nicotine; Parkinson Disease; Phase Transition; Surface Properties; Time Factors; Water	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951889468	In vivo evaluation of the release of zidovudine and polystyrene sulfonate from a dual intravaginal bioadhesive polymeric device in the pig model	Ndesendo V.M.K., Pillay V., Choonara Y.E., Du Toit L.C., Meyer L.C.R., Buchmann E., Kumar P., Khan R.A.	2011	Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	100	4	10.1002/jps.22365	Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Central Animal Services, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Bertsham 2013, Johannesburg, South Africa; Manav Rachna International University, Aravali Hills, Faridabad, India	Ndesendo, V.M.K., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Pillay, V., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Choonara, Y.E., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Du Toit, L.C., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Meyer, L.C.R., Central Animal Services, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Buchmann, E., Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Bertsham 2013, Johannesburg, South Africa; Kumar, P., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Khan, R.A., Manav Rachna International University, Aravali Hills, Faridabad, India	This study focused on determining the concentration of zidovudine (AZT) and polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) in the plasma and vaginal tissue of the large white pig from an intravaginal bioadhesive polymeric device (IBPD). Biocompatible polymers were compressed with AZT and PSS into caplet-shaped devices for insertion into the posterior fornix of the pig vagina. A total of 25 pigs were used in this study. Plasma was sampled from the jugular vein at various time points after insertion of the IBPD reaching 28 days. At day 28, the pigs were euthanized and vaginal tissue was removed and digested with subtilisin for AZT and PSS extraction. The mean concentration detected in vaginal tissue at day 28 was 1.214 ± 0.062 mg/mL for AZT and 1.400 ± 0.071 mg/mL for PSS. Plasma concentration was significantly lower for AZT (0.332 ± 0.014 mg/mL) and PSS (0.256 ± 0.013 mg/mL). This indicated higher retention of AZT and PSS within the vaginal tissue. Molecular mechanics simulations blueprinted polymer-drug-mucin force-field interactions and energies that explicated the spatial preference of AZT and PSS for the vaginal tissue. Histopathotoxicity studies revealed negative-to-mild foreign body events and results strongly suggest that the IBPD may be suitable for prolonged intravaginal drug delivery in preventing the transmission of sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association.	Formulation; HIV/AIDS; Intravaginal drug delivery; Molecular dynamics; Permeability; large white pig model; Pharmacokinetics; Polymeric drug delivery systems; STIs; Zidovudine; polystyrene sulfonate	mucin; polymer; polystyrenesulfonic acid; subtilisin; zidovudine; anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; biomaterial; chelating agent; polystyrene derivative; polystyrenesulfonic acid; zidovudine; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; biocompatibility; brain fornix; controlled study; device; drug blood level; drug delivery system; drug isolation; drug release; drug tissue level; energy; epithelium hyperplasia; female; foreign body; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; in vivo study; intravaginal bioadhesive polymeric device; jugular vein; molecular mechanics; nonhuman; sexually transmitted disease; simulation; vagina; adhesion; animal; blood; chemistry; devices; drug delivery system; intravaginal drug administration; metabolism; swine; Adhesiveness; Administration, Intravaginal; Animals; Anti-HIV Agents; Biocompatible Materials; Chelating Agents; Drug Delivery Systems; Female; Polymers; Polystyrenes; Swine; Vagina; Zidovudine	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952233508	In vivo evaluation of a biodegradable donut-shaped minitablet for prolonged posterior segment drug delivery in the rabbit eye model	Choonara Y.E., Pillay V., Carmichael T.R., Meyer L.C., Du Toit L.C., Naylor S., Wanblad C.	2011	Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	100	5	10.1002/jps.22421	University of the Witwatersrand, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; University of the Witwatersrand, Division of Neurosciences, Department of Ophthalmology, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; University of the Witwatersrand, Department of Physiology, Brian Function Research Group and Central Animal Services, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; University of the Witwatersrand, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa	Choonara, Y.E., University of the Witwatersrand, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; Pillay, V., University of the Witwatersrand, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; Carmichael, T.R., University of the Witwatersrand, Division of Neurosciences, Department of Ophthalmology, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; Meyer, L.C., University of the Witwatersrand, Department of Physiology, Brian Function Research Group and Central Animal Services, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; Du Toit, L.C., University of the Witwatersrand, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; Naylor, S., University of the Witwatersrand, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; Wanblad, C., University of the Witwatersrand, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa	This study focused on the in vivo evaluation of a biodegradable ganciclovir-loaded donut-shaped minitablet (DSMT) for controlled drug delivery in the New Zealand white albino rabbit eye model. Specialized tablet tooling was used to manufacture a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) DSMT device that was implanted into 18 rabbits through the pars plana/peripheral retina of the right eyes of each rabbit. The left eyes were used as controls. Possible adverse effects on ocular tissues were assessed by histomorphology, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements, and indirect ophthalmoscopy. The ex vivo microenvironmental vitreous pH was also monitored. Rabbits were euthanized at predetermined intervals and the residual devices, vitreous humor, and ocular tissue were retrieved and stored appropriately until further analysis. The DSMT was well tolerated up to 72 days and was still visible in the superotemporal quadrant of the eye. The mean IOP range (6-8 mmHg; N = 18) and changes in vitreous pH (7.25 ± 0.01; N = 3) correlated with baseline measurements. The DSMT displayed constant ganciclovir release at a rate of 2.02 μg/h maintained within the 50% effective dose for human cytomegalovirus retinitis (N = 3). The design simplicity and application of the biodegradable DSMT device may provide a superior alternative for prolonged rate-controlled intraocular drug delivery. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association.	Biodegradable; Ganciclovir; Intraocular drug delivery; Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid); Polymeric device; Posterior segment eye disease; Rabbit eye model	ganciclovir; polyglactin; resomer; adverse outcome; animal experiment; animal tissue; area under the curve; article; biodegradation; ciliary disk; controlled study; donut shaped minitablet; drug bioavailability; drug blood level; drug delivery system; drug elimination; drug isolation; drug release; ex vivo study; histology; in vivo study; intraocular pressure; male; nonhuman; ophthalmoscopy; pH; rabbit; retina; slit lamp; toxicity testing; vitreous body; Absorbable Implants; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Delivery Systems; Equipment Design; Ganciclovir; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Acid; Male; Polyglycolic Acid; Posterior Eye Segment; Rabbits	None
None	None	Impact of the pharmaceutical sciences on health care: A reflection over the past 50 years	Rowland M., Noe C.R., Smith D.A., Tucker G.T., Crommelin D.J.A., Peck C.C., Rocci Jr. M.L., Besançon L., Shah V.P.	2012	Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	101	11	10.1002/jps.23295	School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco CA 94143, United States; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria; Department of Chemistry, University of Capetown, Capetown, South Africa; Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Clinical Pharmacology, University of Sheffield, The Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF, United Kingdom; Simcyp Ltd, Blades Enterprise Centre, John St, Sheffield S24SU, United Kingdom; UIPS, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; ICON Development Solutions, Ellicott City, MD 21043, United States; International Pharmaceutical Federation, Andries Bickerweg 52517 JP, The Hauge, Netherlands	Rowland, M., School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco CA 94143, United States; Noe, C.R., Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria; Smith, D.A., Department of Chemistry, University of Capetown, Capetown, South Africa, Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Tucker, G.T., Clinical Pharmacology, University of Sheffield, The Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF, United Kingdom, Simcyp Ltd, Blades Enterprise Centre, John St, Sheffield S24SU, United Kingdom; Crommelin, D.J.A., UIPS, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Peck, C.C., Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco CA 94143, United States; Rocci Jr., M.L., ICON Development Solutions, Ellicott City, MD 21043, United States; Besançon, L., International Pharmaceutical Federation, Andries Bickerweg 52517 JP, The Hauge, Netherlands; Shah, V.P., International Pharmaceutical Federation, Andries Bickerweg 52517 JP, The Hauge, Netherlands	During the last century, particularly the latter half, spectacular progress has been made in improving the health and longevity of people. The reasons are many, but the development of medicines has played a critical role. This report documents and reflects on the impressive contribution that those working in the pharmaceutical sciences have made to healthcare over the past 50 years. It is divided into six sections (drug discovery; absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion; pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics; drug formulation; drug regulation; and drug utilization), each describing key contributions that have been made in the progression of medicines, from conception to use. A common thread throughout is the application of translational science to the improvement of drug discovery, development, and therapeutic application. Each section has been coordinated by a leading scientist who was asked, after consulting widely with many colleagues across the globe, to identify "The five most influential ideas/concepts/developments introduced by 'pharmaceutical scientists' (in their field) over the past 50 years?" Although one cannot predict where the important breakthroughs will come in the future to meet the unmet medical needs, the evidence presented in this report should leave no doubt that those engaged in the pharmaceutical sciences will continue to make their contributions heavily felt. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	ADME; Drug design; Drug formulation; Drug regulatory; Drug utilization; Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics	drug metabolizing enzyme; generic drug; article; biochemistry; bioequivalence; biotechnology; drug absorption; drug bioavailability; drug design; drug development; drug disposition; drug distribution; drug excretion; drug formulation; drug metabolism; drug release; drug safety; drug utilization; health care; molecular biology; patient compliance; personalized medicine; pharmaceutics; pharmacodynamics; pharmacogenomics; pharmacokinetics; signal transduction; simulation; structure activity relation; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Drug Discovery; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Pharmacokinetics; Pharmacology	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881028983	Design of an anti-inflammatory composite nanosystem and evaluation of its potential for ocular drug delivery	Du Toit L.C., Govender T., Carmichael T., Kumar P., Choonara Y.E., Pillay V.	2013	Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	102	8	10.1002/jps.23650	Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Berea, Durban 4041, South Africa; Ophthalmology Division, Department of Neurosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa	Du Toit, L.C., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Govender, T., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Berea, Durban 4041, South Africa; Carmichael, T., Ophthalmology Division, Department of Neurosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Kumar, P., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Choonara, Y.E., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Pillay, V., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa	This study compared two specific embodiments of an ocular nanosystem (NS): one portraying a purely polymeric system, referred to as the chitosan-poly(ε-caprolactone) nanosystem, and the other based on a composite lipoidal-polymeric NS architecture utilizing phospholipids-the lipoidal-chitosan-poly(ε-caprolactone) nanosystem. Investigations undertaken were implicit to warrant inclusion in an implantable system for the intelligent treatment of inflammatory disorders (specifically ocular afflictions). Results obtained highlighted the enhanced efficacy of both NS to an indomethacin suspension in terms of tissue permeation, cell uptake, and anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, the size (134.3 vs. 140.7 nm); surface charge (+49.4 vs. +55.7 mV); drug incorporation efficiency (75.00% vs. 67.20%); flux across the retinal pigment epithelium-choroid-sclera (0.002951 vs. 0.001255 mg cm -2 h-1); anti-inflammatory efficacy, demonstrated by a decrease in 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole complex formation (0.0031 vs. 0.0023 mmol L-1) and decrease in NFκB formation (decrease in relative optical density of 0.2027 vs. 0.2420); and enhanced inflammatory cell uptake, visualized via high-speed fluorescence and confocal microscopy, all highlighted the enhanced potential of the lipoidal system compared with the purely polymeric NS for potentially targeting inflammatory disorders of the posterior segment of the eye. Mechanics energy relationships revealed the favorable hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of the composite NS compared with the purely polymeric NS. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association.	Cell uptake; Computational modeling; Confocal microscopy; ELISA; Lipids; Liposomes; permeation; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Ophthalmic drug delivery	4 chloro 7 nitrobenzofurazan; chitosan; ganciclovir; I kappa B; indometacin; liposome; nanoparticle; nifuroxime; phospholipid; polycaprolactone; polymer; antiinflammatory activity; article; choroid; confocal microscopy; drug delivery system; drug efficacy; drug uptake; energy; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; fluorescence; human; human cell; hydrophilicity; inflammation; lipophilicity; nanotechnology; optical density; permeability; pigment epithelium; sclera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896391005	In vivo and ex vivo evaluation of a multi-particulate composite construct for sustained transbuccal delivery of carbamazepine	Adeleke O.A., Choonara Y.E., Du Toit L.C., Pillay V.	2014	Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	103	4	10.1002/jps.23884	University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa	Adeleke, O.A., University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Choonara, Y.E., University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Du Toit, L.C., University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Pillay, V., University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa	Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a leading molecule in the management of epilepsy. Surveys have revealed that a sufficient lack of therapeutically efficient CBZ transbuccal formulation exists. Therefore, this investigation was directed toward designing multiparticulate composite construct (MCC) for the transbuccal delivery of CBZ. The MCC was formulated using interphase, coparticulate- cosolvent homogenization technique, and lyophilization. In vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo investigations were performed. The mesoporous (pore width = 80.1233 Å) MCC was mechanically stable (Cyrillic capital letter Ukrainian ie D = 0.0290 J, MF = 8.5490 N/mm) and resilient (M R = 5.5040%). It demonstrated distinctive controlled release (9.9800%/h), permeation enhancing (10.8730%/h), drug loading (90.0541%), and bioadhesive (ωadh = 0.0034 J, Fdet = 1.0751 N) capacities. In vivo studies on pigs showed the ability of the MCC to effectively initiate and regulate transbuccal permeation of CBZ as visualized by outcomes of the quantitative and qualitative assessments of isolated plasma samples. Furthermore, comparisons of in vitro and in vivo data of MCC with a conventional product highlighted its capability to attain higher bioavailability and more controlled release trends. Histological and cytological investigations confirmed that the MCC is biocompatible. The mathematical model produced relevant pharmacokinetics and in vitro/in vivo correlation information. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association.	carbamazepine; controlled release; in vitro/in vivo correlation; mathematical model; permeation enhancer; polymeric drug delivery system; porous-structured; preclinical; preformulation; transbuccal	carbamazepine; placebo; adhesion; animal experiment; article; biocompatibility; cheek mucosa; composite material; controlled release formulation; controlled study; cytology; cytotoxicity assay; drug bioavailability; drug blood level; drug penetration; drug screening; drug solubility; drug stability; ex vivo study; experimental pig; female; freeze drying; histology; in vivo study; morphometrics; multiparticulate composite construct; nonhuman; particle size; physical parameters; qualitative analysis; surface property; sustained release preparation; weight; Administration, Buccal; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Biological Availability; Carbamazepine; Delayed-Action Preparations; Models, Biological; Mouth Mucosa; Porosity; Swine	National Research Foundation
None	None	Board Composition and Outreach Performance of Microfinance Institutions: Evidence from East Africa	Mori N., Golesorkhi S., Randøy T., Hermes N.	2015	Strategic Change	24	1	10.1002/jsc.2000	University of Dar es Salaam Business School, Tanzania; Norwegian Center for Microfinance Research, University of Agder, Norway; Faculty of Business and Law, Manchester Metropolitan University, United Kingdom; Kristiansand School of Business, University of Agder, Norway; Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Netherlands	Mori, N., University of Dar es Salaam Business School, Tanzania, Norwegian Center for Microfinance Research, University of Agder, Norway; Golesorkhi, S., Faculty of Business and Law, Manchester Metropolitan University, United Kingdom; Randøy, T., Kristiansand School of Business, University of Agder, Norway; Hermes, N., Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Netherlands	The attributes of microfinance's board members have an impact on attainment of their social objectives. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-13444305415	Studies on bambara groundnut flour performance in Okpa preparation	Barimalaa I.S., Agoha G., Oboh C.A., Kiin-Kabari D.B.	2005	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	85	3	10.1002/jsfa.1996	Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Rivers State Univ. Sci. and Technol., PMB 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Barimalaa, I.S., Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Rivers State Univ. Sci. and Technol., PMB 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Agoha, G., Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Rivers State Univ. Sci. and Technol., PMB 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Oboh, C.A., Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Rivers State Univ. Sci. and Technol., PMB 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Kiin-Kabari, D.B., Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Rivers State Univ. Sci. and Technol., PMB 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Bambara groundnut flours of different particle sizes were prepared after bean seeds had been cold-soaked and/or germinated, dried, milled and sieved. The flours were used to prepare okpa (local dish prepared by steaming mashed bambara groundnut) and their sensory properties determined. Viscosity of the flour pastes, before steaming, were also determined. Results showed that bambara groundnut flours from both germinated and cold-soaked beans could be used in preparing good quality okpa and, therefore, remove all the problems involved in preparing the raw beans for okpa-making as is done traditionally. Particle size appeared to play a major role in obtaining good okpa; therefore flours intended for okpa preparation should be such that 66, 86 and 96%, respectively, of cold-soaked bean flour or 58, 78 and 91%, respectively, of germinated bean flour, after 1, 3 and 5 milling passes, should be in the particle range 1.5-4.5 × 10-4 m. Slightly higher amounts of the coarse (6.0 × 10~4m) particles are needed in the germinated bean flours to compensate for the breakdown of starch and proteins, the gelling agents in bambara groundnut. © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry.	Bambara groundnut flour; Okpa preparation; Particle size	Arachis hypogaea; Phaseolus (angiosperm)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646560011	Evaluation and standardisation of small-scale canning methods for small white beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) canned in tomato sauce	Van Der Merwe D., Osthoff G., Pretorius A.J.	2006	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	86	7	10.1002/jsfa.2476	ARC-Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag X1251, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Consumer Science, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X 6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	Van Der Merwe, D., ARC-Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag X1251, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa, Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Consumer Science, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X 6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Osthoff, G., Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Pretorius, A.J., ARC-Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag X1251, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	Canning and evaluation procedures should be standardised to ensure that beans selected, based on canning quality, meet the requirements set by the market and processors. For the purpose of evaluating the canning qualities of small white beans in tomato sauce, three small-scale canning techniques were evaluated, one of which was found to deliver a product with quality parameters similar to those of international standards. Using South African small white bean cultivars and the selected method, Teebus, the cultivar used by industry as the standard to indicate acceptable canning quality, displayed better visual appearance and less split beans than with the other two methods. The percentage washed drained weight and texture values of Teebus were also in agreement with international standards. The evaluation procedure for the small white beans after canning was also optimised, by comparing two procedures, which identified texture, visual appearance (scale 1 to 10), splits (scale 1 to 10), hydration coefficient, clumping, size and colour as the statistically most suitable quality parameters. With the aid of the developed method, it was possible to define standard values for South African 'choice' and 'standard' grade beans, which previously was based only on 'visual inspection' by a trained inspection panel. © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry.	Canning procedures; Canning quality; Dry beans; Evaluation procedures; Small white beans; Small-scale canning methods	Lycopersicon esculentum; Phaseolus (angiosperm); Phaseolus vulgaris	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846429581	The evaluation of oil and fatty acid composition in seed of cotton accessions from various countries	Lukonge E., Labuschagne M.T., Hugo A.	2007	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	87	2	10.1002/jsfa.2731	Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Lukonge, E., Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Labuschagne, M.T., Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Hugo, A., Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Cottonseed oil has a 2:1 ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid. Linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid, but in large amounts it contributes to a short shelf-life due to rancidity. The aim of this study was to screen germplasm from various countries for oil and fatty acid content, to identify parents that can be used in hybridisation to increase stearic and oleic acids and reduce palmitic fatty acids. Oil content varied from 13.6% to 24.7%. Linoleic acid ranged from 51.5% to 63%, palmitic from 19.2% to 25.6%, oleic from 14.2% to 18.5% and stearic from 2.1% to 2.8%. Stearic and palmitic acids were positively correlated, and stearic and linoleic acids were negatively correlated; therefore breeding for increased stearic acid and reduced palmitic acid as well as breeding for increased stearic and linoleic acids at the same time might be difficult through conventional breeding. CIM70 and Cyto 12/74 had high values for stearic and oleic acids and Stoneville had high values of stearic and oleic acids and low palmitic acid. These can be used as parents to improve these two fractions. © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry.	Cotton; Fatty acids; Genetic distance; Oil	Gossypium hirsutum; Micropus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34249788992	Study of sensory evaluation, consumer acceptability, affordability and market price of rice	Tomlins K., Manful J., Gayin J., Kudjawu B., Tamakloe I.	2007	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	87	8	10.1002/jsfa.2889	Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich at Medway, Chatham Maritime, Central Avenue, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; Food Research Institute, PO Box M20, Accra, Ghana	Tomlins, K., Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich at Medway, Chatham Maritime, Central Avenue, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; Manful, J., Food Research Institute, PO Box M20, Accra, Ghana; Gayin, J., Food Research Institute, PO Box M20, Accra, Ghana; Kudjawu, B., Food Research Institute, PO Box M20, Accra, Ghana; Tamakloe, I., Food Research Institute, PO Box M20, Accra, Ghana	The purpose of the study was to evaluate consumer acceptance, affordability and market value of a prototype parboiled rice (PPR) in relation to three local samples and a high-value imported one. While descriptive sensory evaluation and central location testing are used to evaluate consumer acceptability, this study suggests that affordability and market price of rice can also be assessed. The PPR was acceptable and the suggested market price was influenced by both affordability and acceptability. Acceptance scores suggested a potential higher price; consumers discounted the prototype rice and the extent depended on affordability. The concept of consumer acceptability and affordability varied widely among consumers and this was related to the market price, demographics and attitudes towards rice. Sensory attributes associated with quality were positively related with price but negatively with affordability. Acceptability was related to rice consumption and purchasing behaviour, whereas affordability was associated with income, gender and quality perception. Low affordability groups knew the least about the benefits of rice. The implications are discussed. © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry.	Consumer acceptability; Ghana; Market price; Oryza sativa; Parboiled; Rice; Sensory evaluation; West Africa	Oryza sativa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34250872220	The impact of cold temperatures during grain maturation on selected quality parameters of wheat	Craven M., Barnard A., Labuschagne M.T.	2007	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	87	9	10.1002/jsfa.2927	Agricultural Research Council - Small Grain Institute, Private Bag X21, Bethlehem 9700, South Africa; Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Agricultural Research Council - Grain Crops Institute (ARC-GCI), Private Bag X1251, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa	Craven, M., Agricultural Research Council - Small Grain Institute, Private Bag X21, Bethlehem 9700, South Africa, Agricultural Research Council - Grain Crops Institute (ARC-GCI), Private Bag X1251, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa; Barnard, A., Agricultural Research Council - Small Grain Institute, Private Bag X21, Bethlehem 9700, South Africa; Labuschagne, M.T., Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	The influence of sudden cold spells during grain filling of wheat on the quality traits of three South African hard red wheat cultivars (Gariep, Elands and Tugela-DN) was studied, with the emphasis on Hagberg falling number (HFN). Four treatments were used (-1°C at soft dough stage, -1°C at late milk stage, -4°C at soft dough stage and -4°C at late milk stage) and were administered for one night only. From the results it was concluded that, although limited in duration, such frost conditions did have an effect on the quality of the wheat cultivars. Cultivars differed in their response to the various treatments but also as to what quality traits were affected the most. The -4°C at late milk stage resulted in significantly reduced HFN being measured for both Elands and Tugela-DN. A similar effect was observed for Gariep, but was not statistically significant. Although the response was limited to the main tillers only, the conclusion was made that it is probable that the reduced HFN would be visible in the pooled sample of head and side tillers. A screening protocol was suggested that would allow classification of cultivars for frost tolerance. © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry.	Frost; Hagberg falling number; Quality parameters; Wheat	Tragelaphus oryx; Triticum aestivum	None
None	None	Sensory evaluation and consumer acceptability of pale-fleshed and orange-fleshed sweetpotato by school children and mothers with preschool children	Tomlins K., Ndunguru G., Stambul K., Joshua N., Ngendello T., Rwiza E., Amour R., Ramadhani B., Kapande A., Westby A.	2007	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	87	13	10.1002/jsfa.2931	Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, 22 Ocean Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Lake Zone Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Ukiriguru, PO Box 1433, Mwanza, Tanzania; Tanzania Home Economics Association, PO Box 11242, Mwanza, Tanzania; Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom	Tomlins, K., Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom, Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; Ndunguru, G., Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, 22 Ocean Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Stambul, K., Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, 22 Ocean Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Joshua, N., Lake Zone Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Ukiriguru, PO Box 1433, Mwanza, Tanzania; Ngendello, T., Lake Zone Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Ukiriguru, PO Box 1433, Mwanza, Tanzania; Rwiza, E., Lake Zone Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Ukiriguru, PO Box 1433, Mwanza, Tanzania; Amour, R., Lake Zone Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Ukiriguru, PO Box 1433, Mwanza, Tanzania; Ramadhani, B., Tanzania Home Economics Association, PO Box 11242, Mwanza, Tanzania; Kapande, A., Tanzania Home Economics Association, PO Box 11242, Mwanza, Tanzania; Westby, A., Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom	The purpose of this study was to evaluate the flavour profile and consumer acceptability of four sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) cultivars that differed in β-carotene content. Descriptive sensory profiles of the sweetpotato cultivars were determined using a sensory panel. Consumers in the Lake Zone of Tanzania comprised school children (n = 94) and mothers with preschool children (n = 59). Additionally, mothers gave acceptability scores for how they perceived their children's acceptance. Traditional pale-fleshed (PFSP) and high-β-carotene orange-fleshed (OFSP) sweetpotato cultivars showed distinct differences in sensory profile. Mean consumer responses indicated that OFSP were more acceptable than PFSP; mothers differed from school children by giving higher acceptance scores. Mothers did not score the perceived acceptability for their preschool children different from themselves. Segmentation appeared to suggest three distinct patterns of consumer acceptability among school children and mothers. The majority gave high acceptability scores to both OFSP and PFSP. Those in the smaller second group gave higher scores to OFSP than to PFSP, while those (particularly school children) in the third segment gave lower scores to the OFSP cultivar Karote DSM. There was evidence that school children and mothers viewed the sweetpotato cultivars differently with respect to fibrous texture. A preliminary storage trial where the sweetpotato cultivars were kept for 12 weeks in pit structures indicated that the acceptability and sensory profile of the cultivars did not differ with storage. © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry.	β-carotene; Consumer acceptability; Ipomea batatas; Sensory evaluation; Sweetpotato; Vitamin A	Ipomoea; Ipomoea batatas	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547133453	Consumer acceptability and sensory evaluation of a fermented cassava product (Nigerian fufu)	Tomlins K., Sanni L., Oyewole O., Dipeolu A., Ayinde I., Adebayo K., Westby A.	2007	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	87	10	10.1002/jsfa.2941	Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Tomlins, K., Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; Sanni, L., University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Oyewole, O., University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Dipeolu, A., University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Ayinde, I., University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Adebayo, K., University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Westby, A., Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom	The purpose of the study was to evaluate the sensory profile and acceptability of six types of fufu (a fermented cassava product) produced by different processes using sensory evaluation and consumer acceptability testing. Fufu samples were selected to evaluate the acceptability of dried fufu flours, which are increasingly being consumed, and compare with a traditional paste and a newly developed paste that produces less environmental waste. Descriptive sensory profiles of the selected samples demonstrated distinct differences in sensory profiles. They were evaluated for consumer acceptance at three demographic locations; Lagos (n = 91), Ibadan (n = 121) and Abeokuta (w = 99), Nigeria. Fufu made from a paste that produced less environmental waste had the highest acceptance scores, followed by flour and paste made by the traditional method and finally the remaining flours. Average consumer liking between the three locations did not differ. Three distinct consumer segments were identified and the number of consumers in these segments differed between the locations. Consumers differentiated fufu made from pastes and from flour. Internal preference mapping indicated that consumers associated the flours with sensory attributes such as sticky texture and raw cassava odour, while pastes were associated with soft texture, and shiny and creamy appearance. Fufu acceptance varies widely among consumers and is related to preferences for distinct fufu flavour profiles. Correlations between consumer acceptance scores and sensory scores appeared to be non-linear for many attributes but a larger sample size of fufu samples would be necessary to confirm this. The implications of these finding are discussed. © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry.	Acceptability; Cassava; Consumer preference; Flour; Fufu; Nigeria; Sensory evaluation; West Africa	Manihot esculenta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38849188684	Growth performance of rats fed raw and extruded African breadfruit-based complementary diets: A response surface analysis	Nwabueze T.U.	2008	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	88	3	10.1002/jsfa.3116	Department of Food Science and Technology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P. M. B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Nwabueze, T.U., Department of Food Science and Technology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P. M. B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	BACKGROUND: African breadfruit, from which diverse food forms are produced, is popular in most West African tropical regions. The present study is part of a larger research project aimed at developing appealing, processed, nutritious products from blends of breadfruit, corn and defatted soybean by utilising extrusion cooking using response surface analysis. The study describes the ability or otherwise of raw and extruded African breadfruit-based diets, similar to weaning diets simulated with rats, to support growth of children and infants. RESULTS: Maximum protein efficiency and net protein ratios of 2.22 and 3.69, respectively, were obtained with rats fed diets made from 40 g 100 g -1 African breadfruit + 5 g 100 g-1 corn + 55 g 100 g -1 soybean extradates at 18 mL 100 mL-1 feed moisture and 140 rpm screw speed. It compared favourably with a casein standard and was 54-69% and 42-55% higher than those fed raw diets. CONCLUSION: Extrusion cooking significantly improved the nutritional quality of African bread-fruit-corn- defatted soybean as reflected in their protein efficiency and net protein values. The superiority in protein quality of diet 1 (containing 40 g 100 g -1 breadfruit, 5 g 100 g-1 corn and 55 g 100 g -1 defatted soybean) over the other experimental diets has serious nutritional implication in dietary diversification to address protein-energy malnutrition prevalent in Nigeria and other West African countries especially where African breadfruit is known to be highly cultivated as a food resource. © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry.	African breadfruit; Central composite design; Complementary diets; Extrusion cooking; Net protein ratio; Nutritional study; Protein efficiency ratio; Response surface analysis; Single-screw extruder; Soybean; Treculia africana	Artocarpus altilis; Glycine max; Rattus; Treculia africana; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-43249129636	Growth performance, nutrient digestibility and immune response of broiler chicks fed diets supplemented with a culture of Lactobacillus bulgaricus	Apata D.F.	2008	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	88	7	10.1002/jsfa.3214	Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	Apata, D.F., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	BACKGROUND: Probiotics are being developed for use in animal feed to enhance production performance and prevention of gastrointestinal infections. The ban on using antibiotics as growth promoters, antibiotic resistance and the inherent problems of developing new vaccines make a compelling case for developing alternatives for in-feed antibiotics. The alternatives of choice have to be considered under the environmental conditions of the animal. Among the probiotics in use today, Lactobacillus has been shown to play a vital role in disease prevention, immune enhancement, improved growth and carcass yield in poultry. The present study investigates the effect of Lactobacillus bulgaricus (LB)-based probiotic on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and immune response of broilers under tropical environmental conditions. RESULTS: Broilers fed LB diets consumed more feed (P &lt; 0.05) and had greater body weight gain than the control group. Feed/gain ratio improved significantly (P &lt; 0.05) with the 20, 40 and 60 mg kg-1 LB diets compared with the control or 80 mg kg-1 LB diet. The apparent digestibilities of nitrogen and fat increased with LB supplementation. However, there was no significant difference (P &gt; 0.05) in fibre digestibility. White blood cell count increased significantly in broilers fed higher levels (&gt;40 mg kg -1) of LB compared with the control group. Antibody production measured as antibody titre against Newcastle disease vaccine showed a curvilinear response over the range of LB concentrations examined. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that LB addition to broiler chick diets significantly improved growth performance, increased nutrient digestibility and stimulated humoral immune response. © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry.	Broiler chick; Immune response; Lactobacillus bulgaricus; Nutrient digestibility; Performance	Animalia; Lactobacillus; Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-51349138067	Integrated community-based growth monitoring and vegetable gardens focusing on crops rich in β-carotene: Project evaluation in a rural community in the Eastern Cape, South Africa	Laurie S.M., Faber M.	2008	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	88	12	10.1002/jsfa.3319	Agricultural Research Council - Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute (ARC-VOPI), Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Nutritional Intervention Research Unit, Medical Research Council (MRC), P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa	Laurie, S.M., Agricultural Research Council - Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute (ARC-VOPI), Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Faber, M., Nutritional Intervention Research Unit, Medical Research Council (MRC), P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa	BACKGROUND: Cultivation in β-carotene vegetables was promoted in a crop-based intervention in Lusikisiki, Eastern Cape, South Africa. The project also included nutrition education and community-based growth monitoring, and focused on technology transfer and mobilisation of local organisations. Three years after initiation of the project, participating (n = 219) and non-participating (n = 223) households were compared in terms of child morbidity, nutritional knowledge, dietary intake and gardening practices. RESULTS: Compared to control households, more caregivers from project households thought that yellow fruit and vegetables were good for their children (73% vs. 45%; P < 0.001), were familiar with the term 'vitamin A' (89% vs. 63%; P < 0.001), knew that vitamin A is a nutrient in food (83% vs. 53%; P < 0.001), and could name three food sources rich in vitamin A (56% vs. 27%; P < 0.001). Fewer 1-5-year-old children in the project households reportedly experienced vomiting (6% vs. 13%; P = 0.012), fever (30% vs. 42%; P = 0.008), sores on the skin (6% vs. 19%; P < 0.001), continuous runny nose (20% vs. 33%; P = 0.002), diarrhoea (2% vs. 7%; P = 0.026) and poor appetite (7% vs. 14%; P = 0.016). Children from project households consumed carrot (P = 0.008), butternut (P = 0.002), spinach (P = 0.004) and orange-fleshed sweetpotato (P = 0.028) more frequently than children from control households. CONCLUSION: The agricultural intervention, combined with nutrition education and community-based growth monitoring, showed a favourable effect on child morbidity, nutritional knowledge and dietary intake of β-carotene-rich vegetables. Agricultural interventions can therefore contribute significantly towards nutritional outcomes. © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry.	Crop-based approach; Ipomoea batatas; Provitamin A-rich vegetables	Daucus carota; Ipomoea batatas; Juglans cinerea; Spinacia oleracea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-73449148719	Volatile compounds profile and sensory evaluation of Beninese condiments produced by inocula of Bacillus subtilis	Azokpota P., Hounhouigan J.D., Annan N.T., Odjo T., Nago M.C., Jakobsen M.	2010	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	90	3	10.1002/jsfa.3835	Département de Nutrition et Sciences Alimentaires, Faculté des Sciences, Agronomiques Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Food Research Institute, P.O. Box M-20, Accra, Ghana; Centre de Biométrie, de Statistique et d'Informatique Générale de la Faculte des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01BP526, Cotonou, Benin; Department of Food Science, Food Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, DR-1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark	Azokpota, P., Département de Nutrition et Sciences Alimentaires, Faculté des Sciences, Agronomiques Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin; Hounhouigan, J.D., Département de Nutrition et Sciences Alimentaires, Faculté des Sciences, Agronomiques Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin; Annan, N.T., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Food Research Institute, P.O. Box M-20, Accra, Ghana; Odjo, T., Centre de Biométrie, de Statistique et d'Informatique Générale de la Faculte des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01BP526, Cotonou, Benin; Nago, M.C., Département de Nutrition et Sciences Alimentaires, Faculté des Sciences, Agronomiques Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin; Jakobsen, M., Department of Food Science, Food Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, DR-1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark	BACKGROUND: Three Beninese food condiments (ABS124h, IBS248h and SBS348h) were produced by controlled fermentation of African locust beans using inocula of pure cultures of Bacillus subtilis,BS1,BS2andBS3,respectively.Quantitativeandqualitative assessments of the volatile compounds in the condiments produced have been performed using the Likens-Nickerson simultaneous distillation-extraction method and GC-MS analysis, followed by a sensory evaluation in comparison with the spontaneously fermented condiments. RESULTS:A total of 94 volatile compounds have been found including 53 compounds identified in relatively high concentrations and were subdivided into seven main groups with the predominance of four major groups: pyrazines, aldehydes, ketones and alcohols. Compared to the spontaneously fermented condiments, volatile compounds identified in controlled fermented condiments have been found in high number and in concentrations which varied according to the inoculum of B. subtilis used. The condiments produced with starter cultures scored significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher for odour than the spontaneously fermented condiments. But the overall acceptability (7/10) of the two types of condiments was similar. CONCLUSION: The investigated B.subtilis, BS1, BS2 and BS3 can be considered as potential starter cultures for the fermentation of African locust beans to produce good quality of Beninese food condiments. © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry.	Bacillus subtilis; Beninese condiments; Parkia biglobosa; Sensory evaluation; Starter cultures; Volatile compounds	plant extract; volatile organic compound; article; Bacillus subtilis; Benin; chemistry; condiment; distillation; fermentation; food control; legume; metabolism; microbiology; odor; plant seed; Bacillus subtilis; Benin; Condiments; Distillation; Fabaceae; Fermentation; Food Microbiology; Odors; Plant Extracts; Seeds; Volatile Organic Compounds; Bacillus subtilis; Parkia biglobosa; Parkia filicoidea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84889087057	Evaluation of the microbial community, acidity and proximate composition of akamu, a fermented maize food	Obinna-Echem P.C., Kuri V., Beal J.	2014	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	94	2	10.1002/jsfa.6264	School of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom; Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, PMB 5080, Nigeria	Obinna-Echem, P.C., School of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, PMB 5080, Nigeria; Kuri, V., School of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom; Beal, J., School of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom	BACKGROUND: Akamu is a lactic acid-fermented cereal-based food that constitutes a major infant complementary food in most West African countries. The identities of LAB populations from DGGE analysis and conventionally isolated LAB and yeasts from traditionally fermented akamu were confirmed by PCR sequencing analysis. The relationships between pH, acidity and lactic acid levels and proximate composition of the akamu samples were investigated. RESULTS: The LAB communities in the akamu samples comprised mainly Lactobacillus species, including Lb. fermentum, Lb. plantarum, Lb. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and Lb. helveticus, as well as Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris. Identified yeasts were Candida tropicalis, Candida albicans, Clavispora lusitaniae and Saccharomyces paradoxus. Low pH (3.22-3.95) was accompanied by high lactic acid concentrations (43.10-84.29 mmol kg-1). Protein (31.88-74.32 g kg-1) and lipid (17.74-36.83 g kg-1) contents were negatively correlated with carbohydrate content (897.48-926.20 g kg-1, of which ≤1 g kg-1 was sugars). Ash was either not detected or present only in trace amounts (≤4 g kg-1). Energy levels ranged from 17.29 to 18.37 kJ g-1. CONCLUSION: The akamu samples were predominantly starchy foods and had pH &lt; 4.0 owing to the activities of fermentative LAB. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry.	Acidity; Akamu; Lactic acid bacteria; Proximate composition; Yeasts	Bacteria (microorganisms); Candida albicans; Candida tropicalis; Clavispora lusitaniae; Lactobacillus; Lactococcus lactis; Saccharomyces paradoxus; Zea mays; lactic acid; acidity; akamu; article; bacterial count; chemistry; diet; fermentation; food control; genetics; human; lactic acid bacterium; Lactobacillus; maize; microbiology; microflora; pH; plant seed; polymerase chain reaction; proximate composition; yeast; acidity; akamu; lactic acid bacteria; proximate composition; yeasts; Colony Count, Microbial; Diet; Fermentation; Food Microbiology; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Acid; Lactobacillus; Microbiota; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Seeds; Yeasts; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892672125	Impact of season on the chemical composition of male and female blesbok (Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi) muscles	Neethling J., Hoffman L.C., Britz T.J.	2014	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	94	3	10.1002/jsfa.6281	Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa; Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Neethling, J., Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa, Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Hoffman, L.C., Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa; Britz, T.J., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa	BACKGROUND: The harvesting and consumption of game meat in South Africa is not limited to season. The study was thus aimed at investigating the seasonal impact on the chemical composition (moisture, protein, fat and ash contents) of male and female blesbok muscles (N = 32; longissimus dorsi, biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, infraspinatus and supraspinatus). RESULTS: A significant interaction (P ≤ 0.01) existed between season and muscle type. Selected muscles had higher (P ≤ 0.01) mean protein contents with a higher plane of nutrition (spring of 2009), while longissimus dorsi muscles had the highest (P ≤ 0.01) mean intramuscular fat content (33.52 g kg-1). A strong negative correlation (r = -0.82; P ≤ 0.01) existed between the muscles' moisture and protein content. The chemical composition of blesbok semimembranosus muscles was significantly different between seasons, while the other muscles were least affected by seasonal differences in blesbok plane of nutrition and activity levels. CONCLUSION: The seasonal and muscle differences were statistically significant, but numerically small. It is therefore debatable whether this is of biological relevance relating to human nutrition. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry.	Blesbok (Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi); Chemical composition; Game meat; Plane of nutrition; Season; Sustainable utilization; Venison	Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi; muscle protein; water; animal; article; blesbok (Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi); bovids; chemical composition; chemistry; diet; fat intake; female; game meat; male; meat; metabolism; nutritional value; plane of nutrition; protein intake; season; skeletal muscle; South Africa; sustainable utilization; venison; wild animal; blesbok (Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi); chemical composition; game meat; plane of nutrition; season; sustainable utilization; venison; Animals; Animals, Wild; Diet; Dietary Fats; Dietary Proteins; Female; Male; Meat; Muscle Proteins; Muscle, Skeletal; Nutritive Value; Ruminants; Seasons; South Africa; Water	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924180904	Ionic-liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of multiclass pesticide residues in water samples	Tadesse B., Teju E., Gure A., Megersa N.	2015	Journal of Separation Science	38	5	10.1002/jssc.201401105	Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, P. O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia	Tadesse, B., Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; Teju, E., Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Gure, A., Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, P. O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Megersa, N., Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Ionic-liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction in combination with highperformance liquid chromatography and diode array detection has been proposed for the simultaneous analysis of four multiclass pesticide residues including carbaryl,methidathion, chlorothalonil, and ametryn from water samples. The major experimental parameters including the type and volume of ionic liquid, sample pH, type, and volume of disperser solvent and cooling time were investigated and optimum conditions were established. Under the optimum experimental conditions, limits of detection and quantification of the method were in the range of 0.1-1.8 and 0.4-5.9 μg/L, respectively, with satisfactory enrichment factors ranging from 10-20. The matrix-matched calibration curves, which were constructed for lake water, as a representative matrix were linear over wide range with coefficients of determination of 0.996 or better. Intra- and interday precisions, expressed as relative standard deviations, were in the range of 1.1-9.7 and 3.1-7.8%, respectively. The relative recoveries of the spiked environmental water samples at one concentration level were in the range of 77-102%. The results of the present study revealed that the proposed method is simple, fast, and uses environmentally friendly extraction solvent for the analysis of the target pesticide residues in environmental water samples. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.	Environmental waters; High-performance liquid chromatography; Ionic liquids; Pesticide residues; Trace enrichment	Chromatography; High performance liquid chromatography; Ionic liquids; Liquid chromatography; Liquids; Pesticides; Solvent extraction; Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction; Environmental water; Environmental water samples; Experimental conditions; Experimental parameters; Pesticide residue; Relative standard deviations; Simultaneous analysis; Extraction; ionic liquid; lake water; pesticide residue; analytic method; Article; dispersion; high performance liquid chromatography; limit of detection; liquid phase microextraction; pH; priority journal; water analysis; water contamination	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880850493	Dive tourism and local communities: Active participation or subject to impacts? Case studies from malaysia	Daldeniz B., Hampton M.P.	2013	International Journal of Tourism Research	15	5	10.1002/jtr.1897	Kent Business School, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom; University of Johannesburg, South Africa	Daldeniz, B.; Hampton, M.P., Kent Business School, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	Dive tourism impacts were examined in three Malaysian islands: Perhentian (backpackers), Redang (package tourism) and Mabul (upmarket dive tourism). Qualitative local participation approaches were applied to investigate whether host communities were merely reactive to dive tourism's impacts. Dive tourism affected many aspects of community life. Besides physical/ environmental impacts (new infrastructure), research found varied economic impacts including employment/business opportunities and differing economic linkages. Participation varied between locations, and obstacles to increased participation were revealed. Mainly negative socio-cultural impacts were observed with minimal participation in cultural productions (handicrafts, performances). However, positive educational impacts emerged, especially environmental awareness and English language acquisition. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Dive tourism; Economic impacts; Host communities; Local participation	culture; diving; economic impact; employment; environmental impact; local participation; social impact; tourism; East Malaysia; Mabul Island; Malaysia; Redang; Sabah; Terengganu; West Malaysia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856038239	Determinants of Spending: An Evaluation of Three Major Sporting Events	Saayman M., Saayman A.	2012	International Journal of Tourism Research	14	2	10.1002/jtr.841	North-West University, Institute for Tourism and Leisure Studies, Potchefstroom, South Africa; North-West University, School of Economics, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Saayman, M., North-West University, Institute for Tourism and Leisure Studies, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Saayman, A., North-West University, School of Economics, Potchefstroom, South Africa	South Africa plays host to a number of major sporting events that takes place annually such as the Two Oceans Marathon, the Argus Cycle Tour and the Midmar open water mile. This research aims to identify the socio-economic differences of participants in the events and to determine the key drivers of their spending. Three surveys were conducted at the events during 2008 and 2010. The data analyses include a factor and a regression analyses. The analyses identified the different motives why participation takes place, the socio-demographic differences between participants and the impact thereof on spending. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Factor analysis; Motives; Regression analysis; Socio-demographics; Sporting events	factor analysis; public spending; regression analysis; socioeconomic survey; sport; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953086717	Experiences in monitoring and assessment of sustainable land management	Schwilch G., Bestelmeyer B., Bunning S., Critchley W., Herrick J., Kellner K., Liniger H.P., Nachtergaele F., Ritsema C.J., Schuster B., Tabo R., van Lynden G., Winslow M.	2011	Land Degradation and Development	22	2	10.1002/ldr.1040	Centre for Development and Environment (CDE), University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 10, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, Las Cruces, NM 88002, United States; FAO Land and Water Division, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome 00153, Italy; Centre for International Cooperation, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands; School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, South Africa; Alterra, P.O. Box 47, Wageningen 6700 AA, Netherlands; Land Degradation and Development Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, Wageningen 6700 AA, Netherlands; Institute for Water, Environment and Health, United Nations University, Germany; Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA), PMB CT 173 Cantonments, Accra, Ghana; ISRIC World Soil Information, WUR, P.O. Box 353, Wageningen 6700 AJ, Netherlands; International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India	Schwilch, G., Centre for Development and Environment (CDE), University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 10, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Bestelmeyer, B., USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, Las Cruces, NM 88002, United States; Bunning, S., FAO Land and Water Division, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome 00153, Italy; Critchley, W., Centre for International Cooperation, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Herrick, J., USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, Las Cruces, NM 88002, United States; Kellner, K., School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, South Africa; Liniger, H.P., Centre for Development and Environment (CDE), University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 10, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Nachtergaele, F., FAO Land and Water Division, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome 00153, Italy; Ritsema, C.J., Alterra, P.O. Box 47, Wageningen 6700 AA, Netherlands, Land Degradation and Development Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, Wageningen 6700 AA, Netherlands; Schuster, B., Institute for Water, Environment and Health, United Nations University, Germany; Tabo, R., Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA), PMB CT 173 Cantonments, Accra, Ghana; van Lynden, G., ISRIC World Soil Information, WUR, P.O. Box 353, Wageningen 6700 AJ, Netherlands; Winslow, M., International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India	Although sustainable land management (SLM) is widely promoted to prevent and mitigate land degradation and desertification, its monitoring and assessment (M&A) has received much less attention. This paper compiles methodological approaches which to date have been little reported in the literature. It draws lessons from these experiences and identifies common elements and future pathways as a basis for a global approach. The paper starts with local level methods where the World Overview of Conservation Approaches and Technologies (WOCAT) framework catalogues SLM case studies. This tool has been included in the local level assessment of Land Degradation Assessment in Drylands (LADA) and in the EU-DESIRE project. Complementary site-based approaches can enhance an ecological process-based understanding of SLM variation. At national and sub-national levels, a joint WOCAT/LADA/DESIRE spatial assessment based on land use systems identifies the status and trends of degradation and SLM, including causes, drivers and impacts on ecosystem services. Expert consultation is combined with scientific evidence and enhanced where necessary with secondary data and indicator databases. At the global level, the Global Environment Facility (GEF) knowledge from the land (KM:Land) initiative uses indicators to demonstrate impacts of SLM investments. Key lessons learnt include the need for a multi-scale approach, making use of common indicators and a variety of information sources, including scientific data and local knowledge through participatory methods. Methodological consistencies allow cross-scale analyses, and findings are analysed and documented for use by decision-makers at various levels. Effective M&A of SLM [e.g. for United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)] requires a comprehensive methodological framework agreed by the major players. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Desertification; Impact assessment; Methodological framework; Monitoring; Multiple scales; Participatory approaches; Sustainable land management	Desertification; Impact assessment; Methodological frameworks; Multiple scales; Participatory approach; Sustainable land management; Climatology; Degradation; Economics; Ecosystems; Land use; Rating; desertification; environmental assessment; environmental management; environmental monitoring; land degradation; land management; participatory approach	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80053195519	Evaluation of biological geotextiles for reducing runoff and soil loss under various environmental conditions using laboratory and field plot data	Smets T., Poesen J., Bhattacharyya R., Fullen M.A., Subedi M., Booth C.A., Kertész A., Szalai Z., Toth A., Jankauskas B., Jankauskiene G., Guerra A., Bezerra J.F.R., Yi Z., Panomtaranichagul M., Bühmann C., Paterson D.G.	2011	Land Degradation and Development	22	5	10.1002/ldr.1095	Physical and Regional Geography Research Group, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium; School of Applied Sciences, The University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom; Engineering and the Built Environment, The University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom; Geographical Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary; Kaltinenai Research Station of the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, Lithuania; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Yunnan Agricultural University, China; Chang Mai University, Thailand; Institue for Soil, Climate and Water of the Agricultural Research Council, South Africa	Smets, T., Physical and Regional Geography Research Group, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium; Poesen, J., Physical and Regional Geography Research Group, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium; Bhattacharyya, R., School of Applied Sciences, The University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom; Fullen, M.A., School of Applied Sciences, The University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom; Subedi, M., School of Applied Sciences, The University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom; Booth, C.A., Engineering and the Built Environment, The University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom; Kertész, A., Geographical Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary; Szalai, Z., Geographical Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary; Toth, A., Geographical Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary; Jankauskas, B., Kaltinenai Research Station of the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, Lithuania; Jankauskiene, G., Kaltinenai Research Station of the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, Lithuania; Guerra, A., Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Bezerra, J.F.R., Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Yi, Z., Yunnan Agricultural University, China; Panomtaranichagul, M., Chang Mai University, Thailand; Bühmann, C., Institue for Soil, Climate and Water of the Agricultural Research Council, South Africa; Paterson, D.G., Institue for Soil, Climate and Water of the Agricultural Research Council, South Africa	Preliminary investigations suggest biological geotextiles could be an effective and inexpensive soil conservation method, with enormous global potential. However, limited quantitative data are available on the erosion-reducing effects of biological geotextiles. Therefore, the objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of biological geotextiles in reducing runoff and soil loss under controlled laboratory conditions and under field conditions reflecting continental, temperate and tropical environments. In laboratory experiments, interrill runoff, interrill erosion and concentrated flow erosion were simulated using various rainfall intensities, flow shear stresses and slope gradients. Field plot data on the effects of biological geotextiles on sheet and rill erosion were collected in several countries (UK, Hungary, Lithuania, South Africa, Brazil, China and Thailand) under natural rainfall. Overall, based on the field plot data, the tested biological geotextiles reduce runoff depth and soil loss rates on average by 46 per cent and 79 per cent, respectively, compared to the values for bare soil. For the field and laboratory data of all tested geotextiles combined, no significant difference in relative runoff depth between field measurements and interrill laboratory experiments is observed. However, relative soil loss rate for the concentrated flow laboratory experiments are significantly higher compared to the interrill laboratory experiments and the field plot measurements. Although this study points to some shortcomings of conducting laboratory experiments to represent true field conditions, it can be concluded that the range and the mean relative runoff depth and soil loss rate as observed with the field measurements is similar to those as observed with the interrill laboratory experiments. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd..	Erosion control mats; Geotextiles; Laboratory and field plots; Soil conservation; Surface cover	Bare soils; Concentrated flow; Controlled laboratories; Environmental conditions; Erosion control; Field conditions; Field measurement; Field plot; Flow shear stress; Hungary; Interrill; Interrill erosion; Laboratory experiments; Lithuania; Quantitative data; Rainfall intensity; Rill erosion; Runoff depth; Slope gradients; Soil loss; South Africa; Surface cover; Thailand; Tropical environments; Agricultural runoff; Erosion; Experiments; Geotextiles; Laboratories; Rain; Shear flow; Soil conservation; Soils; Soil surveys; environmental conditions; erosion control; geotextile; rainfall; rill; runoff; shear stress; sheet erosion; soil conservation; soil erosion	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878951146	Comparing farmers' perception of soil fertility change with soil properties and crop performance in beseku, ethiopia	Karltun E., Lemenih M., Tolera M.	2013	Land Degradation and Development	24	3	10.1002/ldr.1118	Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box7001, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden; Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources, Hawassa University, Shashamane, Ethiopia	Karltun, E., Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box7001, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden; Lemenih, M., Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources, Hawassa University, Shashamane, Ethiopia; Tolera, M., Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources, Hawassa University, Shashamane, Ethiopia	Farmers' perceptions of soil fertility change were compared with observations on soil quality changes and crop performance in soils from a chronosequence representing a range of soil ages since conversion from forest to cropland (0 to 57years). A majority of the farmers, 92 per cent, had observed a decline in soil fertility on their land. Farmers use crop yield, indicator plants, soil softness and soil colour to judge soil fertility. They identified 11 plants that they used to indicate high soil fertility and four plants that they used to indicate low soil fertility. There was a strong correlation (r=0·96) between soil organic matter content (loss on ignition) and farmers' ranking of soil fertility based on colour and softness of soil samples from the chronosequence. The biotest experiment with maize showed an exponential decline in biomass production along the chronosequence, confirming the results of farmers' soil fertility ranking. In the biotest, total soil N predicted produced biomass well (r2=0·95), whereas the relationship with soil available P (Olsen) was less obvious. Among the eight analysed plant nutrients in the maize leaves, N content was found to correlate best with biomass production (r2=0·94). We conclude (i) that there is good agreement between farmers' knowledge and scientific indicators of soil fertility and (ii) that the major reason for declining soil fertility in Beseku is the decrease in N mineralization over time. Interventions should focus on supporting farmers to implement a diversified nutrient management strategy that can maintain or increase long-term productivity of the soil. © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.	Biotest; Chronosequence; Ethiopia; Farmers' perception; Nitrogen; Plant indicators; Soil fertility indicators	Biotest; Chronosequences; Ethiopia; Farmers' perceptions; Soil fertility; Biomass; Crops; Nitrogen; Nutrients; Plants (botany); Soils; biomass; chronosequence; comparative study; crop performance; crop yield; farmers attitude; farmers knowledge; maize; perception; soil fertility; soil nitrogen; soil organic matter; Ethiopia; Zea mays	SWE2004-295, Sida-Sarec
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876141943	Assessing the performance of a spatially distributed soil erosion and sediment delivery model (WATEM/SEDEM) in northern ethiopia	Haregeweyn N., Poesen J., Verstraeten G., Govers G., de Vente J., Nyssen J., Deckers J., Moeyersons J.	2013	Land Degradation and Development	24	2	10.1002/ldr.1121	Arid Land Research Centre, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan; Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, PO Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Division of Geography, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, K.U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 E, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Department of Desertification and Geoecology, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (EEZA-CSIC), Almeria, Spain; Department of Geography, Gent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S8), B 9000 Gent, Belgium; Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, K.U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 E, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Agriculture and Forestry Economics, Royal Museum for Central Africa, B-3080, Tervuren, Belgium	Haregeweyn, N., Arid Land Research Centre, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan, Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, PO Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Poesen, J., Division of Geography, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, K.U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 E, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Verstraeten, G., Division of Geography, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, K.U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 E, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Govers, G., Division of Geography, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, K.U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 E, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; de Vente, J., Department of Desertification and Geoecology, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (EEZA-CSIC), Almeria, Spain; Nyssen, J., Department of Geography, Gent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S8), B 9000 Gent, Belgium; Deckers, J., Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, K.U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 E, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Moeyersons, J., Agriculture and Forestry Economics, Royal Museum for Central Africa, B-3080, Tervuren, Belgium	Most regional-scale soil erosion models are spatially lumped and hence have limited application to practical problems such as the evaluation of the spatial variability of soil erosion and sediment delivery within a catchment. Therefore, the objectives of this study were as follows: (i) to calibrate and assess the performance of a spatially distributed WATEM/SEDEM model in predicting absolute sediment yield and specific sediment yield from 12 catchments in Tigray (Ethiopia) by using two different sediment transport capacity equations (original and modified) and (ii) to assess the performance of WATEM/SEDEM for the identification of critical sediment source areas needed for targeting catchment management. The performance of the two model versions for sediment yield was found promising for the 12 catchments. For both versions, model performance for the nine catchments with limited gully erosion was clearly better than the performance obtained when including the three catchments with significant gully erosion. Moreover, there is no significant difference (alpha 5 per cent) between the performances of the two model versions. Cultivated lands were found to be on average five times more prone to erosion than bush-shrub lands. The predicted soil loss values in most parts of Gindae catchment are generally high as compared with the soil formation rates. This emphasises the importance of implementing appropriate soil and water conservation measures in critical sediment source areas prioritising the steepest part of the catchment (i.e. areas with slope >50 per cent). The applicability of the WATEM/SEDEM model to environments where gully erosion is important requires the incorporation of permanent gully and bank gully erosion in the model structure. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Calibration; Critical sediment-source areas; Ethiopia; Gully erosion; Sediment delivery model; Sediment yield; Soil erosion; Transport capacity	Critical sediment-source areas; Ethiopia; Gully erosion; Sediment delivery; Sediment yields; Soil erosion; Transport capacity; Calibration; Erosion; Geologic models; Landforms; Runoff; Sediment transport; Sedimentology; Soils; Spatial distribution; Water conservation; Catchments; calibration; catchment; gully erosion; numerical model; sediment transport; sediment yield; soil conservation; soil erosion; spatial variation; Ethiopia; Tigray	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84902084623	Impacts of land cover change scenarios on storm runoff generation: A basis for management of the Nyando Basin, Kenya	Olang L.O., Kundu P.M., Ouma G., Fürst J.	2014	Land Degradation and Development	25	3	10.1002/ldr.2140	Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Kenyatta University, P. O. Box43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Venda, P. O. Private Bag, X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa; Department of Meteorology, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Institute of Water Management, Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, Wien, A-1190, Austria	Olang, L.O., Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Kenyatta University, P. O. Box43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Kundu, P.M., Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Venda, P. O. Private Bag, X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa; Ouma, G., Department of Meteorology, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Fürst, J., Institute of Water Management, Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, Wien, A-1190, Austria	The effects of conceptual land cover change scenarios on the generation of storm runoffs were evaluated in the Nyando Basin. The spatial scenarios represented alternatives that vary between full deforestation and reforestation. Synthetic storm events of depths 40, 60 and 80mm were formulated according to the rainfall patterns and assumed to have durations corresponding to the runoff times of concentration. The Natural Resource Conservation Service-Curve Number model was used to generate runoff volumes within the sub-catchments, which were subsequently routed downstream to obtain effects in the whole basin. The simulated land cover change impacts were evaluated relative to values obtained from the actual land cover state of the basin in the year2000. From the results, an agricultural land cover scenario constituting of about 86percent of agriculture indicated increased runoff volumes in the entire basin by about 12percent. An agricultural-forested land cover scenario with 40 and 51percent of forest and agriculture respectively revealed reduced runoff volumes by about 12percent. Alternatively, a scenario depicting a largely forested land cover state with about 78percent of forests reduced the runoff volumes by about 25percent according to the model estimates. Runoff volumes in the basin were also likely to reduce by about 15percent if the appropriate land cover scenario for the respective sub-catchments were to be assumed for runoff management purposes. Considering the prevalent data uncertainty, the study effectively highlights the potential hydrological vulnerability of the basin. The results obtained can form a basis for appropriate catchment management of the area. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Catchment management; Conceptual scenario; Hydrological model; Kenya; Land cover change; Nyando Basin; Runoff event; Synthetic storm	Agriculture; Catchments; Conservation; Deforestation; Natural resources; Reforestation; Storms; Catchment management; Conceptual scenario; Hydrological modeling; Kenya; Land-cover change; Nyando Basin; Runoff; agricultural land; catchment; conceptual framework; hydrological modeling; land cover; rainfall; runoff; storm; Agriculture; Conservation; Deforestation; Hydrology; Kenya; Land Use; Natural Resources; Reforestation; Runoff; Kenya; Nyando Basin	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870864167	Changing sediment yield and sediment dynamics in the karoo uplands, south africa; post-european impacts	Foster I.D.L., Rowntree K.M., Boardman J., Mighall T.M.	2012	Land Degradation and Development	23	6	10.1002/ldr.2180	School of Science and Technology, University of Northampton, Newton Building, Northampton NN2 6JD, United Kingdom; Department of Geography, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, United Kingdom; Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa; Department of Geography and the Environment, University of Aberdeen, AB24 3UF, United Kingdom	Foster, I.D.L., School of Science and Technology, University of Northampton, Newton Building, Northampton NN2 6JD, United Kingdom, Department of Geography, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Rowntree, K.M., Department of Geography, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Boardman, J., Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, United Kingdom, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa; Mighall, T.M., Department of Geography and the Environment, University of Aberdeen, AB24 3UF, United Kingdom	We provide an overview of published results and a significant body of new data from an ongoing research programme designed to reconstruct sediment yields and sources in small (&lt;60km2) catchments in the Eastern Cape, South Africa over the last 150years. Our analysis of four catchments has determined that sediment yield increased significantly in the latter half of the 20th century but that the exact timing of these increases was different in each of the four catchments. In two high altitude locations, sediment yield increases were not associated with a significant change in sediment source although, in one case, areas of former cultivation appear to have made a slightly greater contribution since the 1960s. In a third catchment, increases in sediment yield appear to have been driven by the development of badlands and by an increase in connectivity between the badlands and the main channel network in the 1960s. In the fourth catchment, increased connectivity between the main catchment and dam occurred as a result of the construction of a causeway to carry a main road and by the construction of culverts beneath the road. Occasional changes in sediment source have also been identified in the sedimentary record, but these were not linked directly to road construction. Research to date shows the complexity of sediment delivery in these semi-arid catchment systems and emphasises the need to combine sediment yield with source ascription to better understand the dynamics of these systems. © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.	Catchment connectivity; Karoo; Land use change; Sediment sources; Sediment yield; Weather and climate	Karoo; Land-use change; Sediment sources; Sediment yields; Weather and climate; Digital storage; Dynamics; Landforms; Roads and streets; Runoff; Sedimentology; Sediments; Catchments; badlands; catchment; cultivation; land use change; road; sediment yield; upland region; Eastern Cape; Karoo; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84944626693	The Impacts of Changes in Land Use on Woodlands in an Equatorial African Savanna	Kalema V.N., Witkowski E.T.F., Erasmus B.F.N., Mwavu E.N.	2015	Land Degradation and Development	26	7	10.1002/ldr.2279	Restoration and Conservation Biology Research Group, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, WITS, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, South Africa; Centre for African Ecology, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, WITS, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Forestry, Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Makerere University, PO Box7062, Kampala, Uganda	Kalema, V.N., Restoration and Conservation Biology Research Group, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, WITS, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, South Africa; Witkowski, E.T.F., Restoration and Conservation Biology Research Group, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, WITS, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, South Africa; Erasmus, B.F.N., Centre for African Ecology, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, WITS, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, South Africa; Mwavu, E.N., Restoration and Conservation Biology Research Group, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, WITS, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, South Africa, School of Forestry, Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Makerere University, PO Box7062, Kampala, Uganda	Savanna landscapes are vitally important in providing both ecological and economic services that sustain local livelihoods and national economies, particularly for sub-Saharan African countries whose economies are mainly agrarian. Development prospects in savanna landscapes are however dependent on actions to avoid and to slow or reverse degradation and that are aided with a clear understanding of trends in land use/cover changes, their causes and implications for conservation. We analysed land use/cover changes based on three Landsat satellite images (1984, 1995 and 2000/2001) and the influence of human utilization on the changes in an equatorial African savanna, central Uganda, for the period 1984-2000/2001. The land cover classification and change analysis clearly identified the dominant land cover types, revealing a severe reduction in woodland cover with dense woodlands decreasing by 64%, over a 17-year period. Consequently, medium woodland, open woodland and cultivation/settlements areas cover increased by 31%, 3% and 80%, respectively. The cover change analysis results were corroborated with interview results that also attributed the woodland cover loss to increasing commercial charcoal production, expanding livestock grazing, subsistence crop cultivation and an insecure land use tenure system. Indeed, the major land use types in the savanna are charcoal production, shifting crop cultivation and livestock rearing. The decreasing woody vegetation cover threatens the savanna's ability to continue providing ecosystems services to support the livelihoods of people who mainly depend on natural resources and are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Biomass energy; Charcoal production; Landsat imagery; Livelihoods; Livestock grazing; Subsistence agriculture; Woodlands	Agriculture; Charcoal; Climate change; Crops; Cultivation; Ecology; Economics; Satellite imagery; Bio-mass energy; Charcoal production; Landsat imagery; Livelihoods; Livestock grazing; Subsistence agriculture; Woodlands; Land use	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921023807	Seasonal Surface Drainage of Sloping Farmland: A Review of Its Hydrogeomorphic Impacts	Monsieurs E., Dessie M., Adgo E., Poesen J., Deckers J., Verhoest N., Nyssen J.	2015	Land Degradation and Development	26	1	10.1002/ldr.2286	Department of Geography, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium; School of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Management, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Natural Resources, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium	Monsieurs, E., Department of Geography, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium; Dessie, M., School of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Management, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Adgo, E., Department of Natural Resources, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Poesen, J., Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Deckers, J., Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Verhoest, N., Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Management, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Nyssen, J., Department of Geography, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium	The combination of runoff-generating areas (saturated soils) and overland flow concentration in features such as drainage ditches makes sloping farmland vulnerable to soil erosion. The establishment of drainage ditches aims at draining the excess of water from the farmland, particularly in areas where soils are saturated in the rainy season. The hydrogeomorphic impacts on the farmland itself and on downstream areas need however also to be studied. Off site, downstream problems comprise higher peak discharges, leading to gully initiation, an increase in sediment load, and flooding problems. On-site problems such as the development of the drainage ditches into (ephemeral) gullies are less documented, although they may be important, as illustrated in the Lake Tana Basin (Ethiopia). The similarities and interactions between ephemeral gully channels and drainage ditches have to be considered to better understand all effects of drainage. Drainage ditches are a potential source of conflict between farmers with different interests and power, as well as between upstream and downstream users. A case study on drainage ditches on sloping farmlands in the Lake Tana Basin showed that nine out of ten catchments had drainage densities by ditches ranging from 53 to 510mha-1. Drainage ditches were constructed with an average top width of 27 (±9) cm. A significant correlation was found between stone bund density (physical conservation structures) and ditch drainage density (R=-0·72), in line with the Ethiopian government's ban on drainage ditches in farmlands where stone bunds have been constructed. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Cut-off drain; Drainage ditch; Ephemeral gully; Rill; Runoff; Soil saturation; Stone bund	Farms; Lakes; Landforms; Rivers; Runoff; Soils; Cut-off drain; Drainage ditches; Ephemeral gullies; Rill; Soil saturation; Stone bund; Catchments	None
None	None	Impact of indigenous-based interventions on land conservation: A case study of a soil conservation and agroforestry project, Arumeru district, Tanzania	Kajembe G.C., Julius F., Nduwamungu J., Wtakwa P.W., Nyange D.A.	2005	Land Degradation and Development	16	3	10.1002/ldr.656	Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3013, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania	Kajembe, G.C., Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3013, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania; Julius, F., Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3013, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania; Nduwamungu, J., Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3013, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania; Wtakwa, P.W., Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3013, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania; Nyange, D.A., Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3013, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania	Land degradation has been identified as a serious problem in Tanzania since the 1920s. Among the factors normally cited as contributing to land degradation are deforestation, overgrazing and inappropriate farming practices. Several attempts by the government to arrest the problem have been based on top-down approaches. Indigenous-based interventions are among the alternative practices adopted by the Soil Conservation and Agroforestry Project in Arumeru District, Tanzania. The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of the indigenous-based interventions on land conservation. More specifically the study intended to assess farmers' perception of land degradation, the adoption rate of indigenous-based interventions, the impact of those interventions, and lastly the sustainability of those interventions. Data for the study were collected through Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) techniques and a questionnaire survey. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS®) was used to analyse quantitative data and Content and Structural-Functional Analyses were used for qualitative data. The study found that the rate of land degradation was perceived by respondents to be rather severe. The study also revealed that indigenous-based interventions, which require minimal labour and capital, have been highly adopted by many farmers while labour/capital intensive ones have been taken up by fewer farmers. In general, indigenous-based interventions appear to have eased farm operations and contributed towards increased crop yield, improved soil fertility and increased income. Success in some of the indigenous interventions warrants their wider promotion beyond the project area. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Indigenous-based interventions; Land degradation; Land/soil conservation; Sustainable agriculture; Tanzania	Agriculture; Data reduction; Deforestation; Degradation; Farms; Public policy; Agroforestry; Crop yield; Land conservation; Participatory rural appraisal (PRA); Soil conservation; agroforestry; soil conservation; soil erosion; sustainability; Agriculture; Conservation; Deforestation; Degradation; Land; Africa; East Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tanzania; World	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-72449141017	High-performance carbon nanotube-reinforced bioplastic	Ramontja J., Ray S.S., Pillai S.K., Luyt A.S.	2009	Macromolecular Materials and Engineering	294	12	10.1002/mame.200900197	DST/CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, National Centre for Nano-Structured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Free State, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa	Ramontja, J., DST/CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, National Centre for Nano-Structured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Chemistry, Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Free State, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa; Ray, S.S., DST/CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, National Centre for Nano-Structured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa; Pillai, S.K., DST/CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, National Centre for Nano-Structured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa; Luyt, A.S., Department of Chemistry, Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Free State, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa	The inherent properties of poly(lactide), a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer, are concurrently improved by the incorporation of a small amount of surface functionalized carbon nanotubes. A new method has been used to functionalize the CNTs' outer surface with hexadecylamine. A composite of PLA with functionalized CNTs has been prepared by melt-extrusion. FT-IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, DSC, and optical microscopy are used to investigate the thermal and mechanical property improvement mechanism in f-CNTs containing PLA composite.	None	Bioplastics; FTIR spectroscopy; Functionalized; Functionalized carbon nanotubes; Hexadecylamine; Melt extrusion; Outer surface; Poly(lactide); Thermal and mechanical properties; Biodegradable polymers; Functional polymers; Mechanical properties; Optical microscopy; Optical properties; Raman spectroscopy; Carbon nanotubes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77950802837	Fractionation and analysis of an impact poly(propylene) copolymer by TREF and SEC-FTIR	De Goede E., Mallon P., Pasch H.	2010	Macromolecular Materials and Engineering	295	4	10.1002/mame.200900336	Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	De Goede, E., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Mallon, P., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Pasch, H., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	TREF and SEC-FTIR were combined for the first time to characterise a commercial ICPP. This off-line coupling proved to be especially useful for the characterisation of fractions of co-eluting non-identical components, exhibiting bimodal molecular weight distributions. Within these fractions the chemical composition distribution across the molecular weight curve indicated the presence of EPC within the lower elution volume, high molecular weight distribution within the bimodal curve, while PP homopolymer was present across the high elution volume, low-molecular-weight distribution. The distribution of ethylene and propylene sequence crystallinity across the molecular weight distribution indicated the presence of both crystalline ethylene and propylene sequences across the EPC component, while only crystalline PP was detected within the component characterised as PP homopolymer. These results were used to characterise the melt behaviour of TREF fractions measured by DSC, especially those of the above-mentioned fractions containing co-eluting EPC and iPP. The melt endotherm present at lower temperature within the 60-100 8C fractions was assigned to the melting of ethylene sequences present within the EPC component while the endotherm at higher temperature was representative of the melting of propylene sequences present within bothEPCandiPP.Thecombination of TREFandSEC-FTIRhadproven to be one of the simplest, fastest ways of characterising ICPPs. A single SEC-FTIR analysis of each TREF fraction allows for the simultaneous identification of constituents as well as the determination of ethyleneand propylene crystallinity as a function of molecular weight. This approach replaces analytical procedures where TREF analysis would have to be followed by additional steps of both FTIR and DSC analyses to obtain information of a similar nature. © 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.	FTIR; ICPP copolymer; Size-exclusion chromatography; Temperature-rising elution fractionation	Analytical procedure; Bimodal molecular weight distribution; Characterisation; Chemical composition distributions; Crystallinities; Elution volumes; FTIR; FTIR analysis; High molecular weight; Higher temperatures; Homopolymers; Identical components; Low molecular weight; Poly(propylene) copolymers; Propylene sequences; Simultaneous identification; Temperature-rising elution; Temperature-rising elution fractionation; Copolymerization; Crystalline materials; Ethylene; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Gel permeation chromatography; Molecular weight distribution; Plastic products; Polypropylenes; Size exclusion chromatography; Weighing; Propylene	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855537022	Using crystallisation fractionation to monitor thermo-oxidative degradation of impact poly(propylene) copolymers	De Goede E., Mallon P.E., Pasch H.	2012	Macromolecular Materials and Engineering	297	1	10.1002/mame.201100058	Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	De Goede, E., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Mallon, P.E., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Pasch, H., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	ICPPs are complex materials that contain various ethylene/propylene copolymers in addition to the majority poly(propylene) phase. To understand their molecular structure, multiple fractionation and analysis techniques are used. In this study, TREF and CRYSTAF are used to study the difference in the thermo-oxidative degradation of two grades of ICPPs with different ethylene contents. Direct correlations are drawn between the carbonyl index, molecular weight and crystallisability at various stages of degradation. The higher ethylene content sample shows increased thermal stability. This is due to the fact that the ethylene/propylene fraction is more stable due to the higher comonomer content and lower isotacticity as well as due to the higher amount of this fraction in the material. Copyright © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.	differential scanning calorimetry; impact PP copolymers; SEC/FTIR; temperature rising elution fractionation; thermo-oxidative degradation	Analysis techniques; Carbonyl index; Comonomer content; Complex materials; Ethylene/propylene copolymers; Isotacticities; Poly(propylene) copolymers; SEC/FTIR; Thermo-oxidative degradation; Copolymers; Degradation; Differential scanning calorimetry; Ethylene; Propylene; Polypropylenes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80755169427	Spatial heterogeneity of thermo-oxidative degradation in impact poly(propylene) copolymers	De Goede E., Mallon P.E., Rode K., Pasch H.	2011	Macromolecular Materials and Engineering	296	11	10.1002/mame.201100061	Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; German Institute for Polymers, Schlossgartenstr.6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany	De Goede, E., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Mallon, P.E., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Rode, K., German Institute for Polymers, Schlossgartenstr.6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany; Pasch, H., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	The spatial degradation in impact PP copolymers with different ethylene contents is studied by FTIR microscopy and layer-by-layer milling of the sample surfaces, followed by ATR-FTIR, SEC, and CRYSTAF analysis. FTIR allows for tracking of the rate of degradation, providing information on the depth profiling of the degradation. Results show that samples with lower ethylene content degrade faster at all depths than those with higher ethylene content. The latter show a more uniform degradation from the surface to the bulk of the material at longer degradation times. This is ascribed to the higher amorphous content which results in a larger oxygen diffusion to the centre of the material while its slower rate of degradation is ascribed to the lower tertiary carbon content. © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.	FTIR microscopy; impact PP copolymers; spatial heterogeneity of degradation; thermo-oxidative degradation	Amorphous content; ATR FTIR; Carbon content; FTIR; FTIR microscopy; impact PP copolymers; Layer-by-layers; Lower Tertiary; Oxygen diffusion; Poly(propylene) copolymers; Sample surface; Spatial degradation; Spatial heterogeneity; Thermo-oxidative degradation; Amorphous carbon; Copolymerization; Copolymers; Depth profiling; Ethylene; Gel permeation chromatography; Polypropylenes; Propylene; Degradation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883164012	Preparative TREF - HT-HPLC - HPer DSC: Linking molecular characteristics and thermal properties of an impact poly(propylene) copolymer	Cheruthazhekatt S., Pijpers T.F.J., Mathot V.B.F., Pasch H.	2013	Macromolecular Symposia	330	1	10.1002/masy.201300005	Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, 7602 Matieland, South Africa	Cheruthazhekatt, S., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, 7602 Matieland, South Africa; Pijpers, T.F.J., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, 7602 Matieland, South Africa; Mathot, V.B.F., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, 7602 Matieland, South Africa; Pasch, H., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, 7602 Matieland, South Africa	Summary The microstructure and thermal behaviour of complex polyolefins affect the product properties significantly. Therefore a thorough characterization of such semi-crystalline materials is necessary to understand the relationship between molecular structure and melting and crystallization behaviour. In the present work, the correlation between the chain structure and thermal behaviour of various components in a complex midelution temperature TREF fraction (80 °C) of a commercial impact poly(propylene) copolymer were studied by using a combination of prep TREF and a highly selective separation method, HT HPLC, followed by thermal analysis of resulting dual fractions via a fast scanning DSC technique (HPer DSC). HT-HPLC can separate polymer chains according to their microstructure (chemical composition, tacticity and chain branching) within in short analysis time. The ability to measure the thermal properties of minute amounts of materials by HPer DSC helps to correlate their chemical structure with the melting and crystallization behaviour. In this way, the present hyphenated technique (prep-TREF-HT-HPLC-HPer DSC) provides a powerful tool to separate and analyse complex mixtures of polymer components having different chemical structures and thermal properties. Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.	HPer DSC; HT HPLC; impact poly(propylene) copolymer; TREF	HPer DSC; HT HPLC; Hyphenated techniques; Melting and crystallization; Molecular characteristics; Polypropylene copolymers; Semicrystalline materials; TREF; Chains; Crystalline materials; Melting; Microstructure; Structure (composition); Thermoanalysis; Thermodynamic properties; Copolymers	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896351211	Fractionation and characterization of impact poly(propylene) copolymers by high temperature two-dimensional liquid chromatography	Cheruthazhekatt S., Pasch H.	2014	Macromolecular Symposia	337	1	10.1002/masy.201450306	Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, 7602 Matieland, South Africa	Cheruthazhekatt, S., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, 7602 Matieland, South Africa; Pasch, H., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, 7602 Matieland, South Africa	Information regarding molar mass distribution (MMD) and chemical composition distribution (CCD) of complex polyolefins such as impact polypropylene copolymer (IPC) is important in order to fully understand their properties during processing and application. Precise analysis of such polymeric materials having multiple distributions in various molecular characteristics is a difficult task and single separation methods fail to provide enough information about their microstructure. Preparative fractionation and subsequent analysis of the separated fractions was found to be an effective method for their complete characterisation. In this work, a combination of preparative TREF with high temperature two-dimensional liquid chromatography was used for the separation and analysis of the complex components in a commercial IPC sample. In addition to the ethylene-propylene (block or segmented) copolymers and low molar mass isotactic polypropylene (iPP) homopolymer (as expected in the semicrystalline TREF fraction of an IPC), significant amounts of high molar mass iPP and polyethylene (PE) homopolymer were observed. The results showed that the TREF-HT-2D-LC combination can be used as a powerful analytical tool for the complete microstructural analysis of such complex EP copolymers. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.	chemical composition separation; crystallization analysis fractionation; ethylene-propylene copolymers; high temperature two-dimensional liquid chromatography; impact polypropylene copolymer; TREF	Copolymers; Ethylene; Fractionation; Liquid chromatography; Polymers; Propylene; Two dimensional; Chemical compositions; Crystallization analysis fractionation; Ethylene propylene copolymers; Impact polypropylene copolymer; TREF; Two-dimensional liquid chromatography; Polypropylenes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84911404974	The importance of attributes in entrepreneurial Opportunity evaluations: An emerging market study	Urban B.	2014	Managerial and Decision Economics	35	8	10.1002/mde.2639	Graduate School of Business Administration, Wits Business School, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Urban, B., Graduate School of Business Administration, Wits Business School, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Although prior research has established that entrepreneurs have idiosyncratic perceptions about opportunity attributes, we do not yet understand the level of importances attached to attributes when evaluating opportunities. This article uses conjoint analysis to assess how trade-offs are decided when evaluating opportunities considering both individual and business criteria. We hypothesize differences in the perceived importances of opportunities and the unique constellations therein. The results indicate that there is a significant difference in the degree of importance attached to the business sector, capital intensity, technology maturity, market potential and return on investment potential, when individuals evaluate an entrepreneurial opportunity. The business sector was identified as the principal determinant of opportunity attractiveness, followed closely by the market growth rate, which reflects emerging market conditions. By contextualizing the findings, it is suggested that emerging economies impose higher bureaucratic burdens on entrepreneurs, increasing uncertainty as well as operational and transactions costs of firms; therefore, reducing the incentive to invest in capital or technology. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921545699	Executive compensation, corporate governance and corporate performance: A simultaneous equation approach	Ntim C.G., Lindop S., Osei K.A., Thomas D.A.	2015	Managerial and Decision Economics	36	2	10.1002/mde.2653	School of Management, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; School of Management and Business, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom; Department of Finance, University of Ghana Business School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana	Ntim, C.G., School of Management, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Lindop, S., School of Management and Business, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom; Osei, K.A., Department of Finance, University of Ghana Business School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Thomas, D.A., School of Management and Business, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom	This paper investigates the association between executive compensation and performance. It uniquely utilises a comprehensive set of corporate governance mechanisms within a three-stage least squares (3SLS) simultaneous equation framework. Results based on estimating a conventional single equation model indicate that the executive pay and performance sensitivity is relatively weak, whereas those based on estimating a 3SLS model generally suggest improved executive pay and performance sensitivity. Our findings highlight the need for future research to control for possible simultaneous interdependencies when estimating the executive pay and performance link. The findings are generally robust across a raft of econometric models that control for different types of endogeneities, executive pay and performance proxies. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928583727	Modelling the impacts of climate variability on crop yields in Nigeria: Performance evaluation of RegCM3-GLAM system	Matthew O.J., Abiodun B.J., Salami A.T.	2015	Meteorological Applications	22	2	10.1002/met.1443	Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Climate System Analysis Group (CSAG), Department of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Matthew, O.J., Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Abiodun, B.J., Climate System Analysis Group (CSAG), Department of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Salami, A.T., Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	This study evaluates the capability of a Climate-Crop Modelling System (RegCM3-GLAM) in simulating the regional climate and crop yields (maize, rice, cowpea, and groundnut) over Nigeria. Daily climatic data obtained from a Regional Climate Model (RegCM3) simulation was used as the input data in the General Large Area Model (GLAM) to simulate the crop yields for 11years (1999-2009), and a series of sensitivity experiments were performed to test and optimize the GLAM parameters over the region. The results show that RegCM3 gives a realistic simulation of the Nigerian climate. The correlation coefficients obtained between the observed and simulated climatic variables are between 0.72 and 0.96 at p < 0.01. However, the model slightly underestimates rainfall and maximum temperature in the wet season (April to October) and overestimates rainfall and maximum temperature in the dry season (November to March). GLAM also gives a realistic simulation of the mean and spatial distribution of crop yields in Nigeria. The root mean square errors of the simulations are generally less than 36% of the observed yields. The performance evaluation of the model varies with ecological zones. The model shows the best performance in simulating maize and the worst performance in simulating cowpea over the Savannas. Sensitivity experiments reveal that simulated crop yield is sensitive to model parameters (harvest index, extinction coefficient, optimum temperature, and transpiration efficiency), with both extinction coefficient and transpiration efficiency showing more significant impact. It has been concluded that the performance of GLAM over the country can be further improved by enhancing the quality of meteorological input data. © 2015 Royal Meteorological Society.	Climate variability; Crop yield; GLAM; Performance evaluation; RegCM3; Sensitivity	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-46049118098	Extreme performance TEM horn	Malherbe J.A.G.	2008	Microwave and Optical Technology Letters	50	8	10.1002/mop.23550	Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	Malherbe, J.A.G., Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	Previously, a TEM horn with ultra wideband performance had been described. The horn made use of an elliptic plate separation profile, while the plate width was determined by an optimal impedance function and the characteristic impedance equations for microstrip. In this article, it is shown that if the impedance equations for parallel plate waveguide are employed in the calculation of the plate width, extreme bandwith of more than 70:1 for a VSWR of 2:1 can be achieved. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	Elliptic profile; Extreme bandwidth; TEM horn	Characteristic impedance; Elliptic profile; Extreme bandwidth; Impedance functions; Micro strips; Parallel-plate waveguides; Plate separation; Plate width; TEM horn; Ultra wide bands; Separation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-62449339139	Frequency-independent performance of elliptic profile tem horns	Malherbe J.	2009	Microwave and Optical Technology Letters	51	3	10.1002/mop.24109	Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Malherbe, J., Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	The TEM horn with elliptic E-plane profile has been shown to give extremely wide bandwidth performance as far as VSWR and gain is concerned. In this article, the variation in radiation pattern versus frequency is explored, and it is shown that, dependant on choice, E-plane or H-plane radiation patterns that are virtually independent of frequency can be obtained. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	Elliptic profile; Frequency-independent properties; TEM horn	Elliptic profile; Frequency-independent properties; H planes; Radiation patterns; TEM horn; Wide-bandwidth performance	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900553934	Participation and performance: Decentralised planning and implementation in ethiopia	Snyder K.A., Ludi E., Cullen B., Tucker J., Zeleke A.B., Duncan A.	2014	Public Administration and Development	34	2	10.1002/pad.1680	International Water Management Institute, Ethiopia; International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Nairobi, Kenya; Overseas Development Institute, United Kingdom; International Livestock Research Institute, Ethiopia	Snyder, K.A., International Water Management Institute, Ethiopia, International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Nairobi, Kenya; Ludi, E., Overseas Development Institute, United Kingdom; Cullen, B., International Livestock Research Institute, Ethiopia; Tucker, J., Overseas Development Institute, United Kingdom; Zeleke, A.B., International Livestock Research Institute, Ethiopia; Duncan, A., International Livestock Research Institute, Ethiopia	This article discusses how decentralisation policies are enacted in the planning and implementation of natural resource management interventions in rural Ethiopia. A key element of decentralisation policy is the emphasis on greater participation by local communities. Drawing on qualitative research conducted with government staff and farmers, this paper illustrates how different actors perceive and implement national policy and how these actions affect the longer-term sustainability of land management interventions. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Agricultural development; Decentralisation; Ethiopia; Natural resources management; Participatory planning	agricultural development; decentralization; land management; local participation; participatory approach; performance assessment; policy implementation; resource management; rural area; sustainability; Ethiopia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939458343	Performance Appraisal and Its Use for Individual and Organisational Improvement in the Civil Service of Ghana: The Case of Much Ado about Nothing?	Ohemeng F.L.K., Zakari H.B., Adusah-Karikari A.	2015	Public Administration and Development	35	3	10.1002/pad.1718	University of Ottawa, Canada; University for Development Studies, Ghana; Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration (GIMPA), Ghana	Ohemeng, F.L.K., University of Ottawa, Canada; Zakari, H.B., University for Development Studies, Ghana; Adusah-Karikari, A., Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration (GIMPA), Ghana	Recent efforts to modernise public sector institutions have led to the adoption of performance management systems worldwide. The belief in performance management is that information generated can be used to help individuals improve themselves in terms of what they do in their organisations, which will subsequently impact positively on the organisation. An instrument for collecting performance information (PI) is performance appraisal (PA). Since the early 1990s, the Ghanaian government has attempted to develop a systematic appraisal system as a strategy to obtain PI in the civil service (CS). In spite of this, the CS continues to perform below expectations despite individuals getting promoted every year. What has been the effect of PA in the CS? How has the collected information been utilised to improve performance? What are the main barriers to the use of PI, and what practices can be put in place that might encourage the effective collection of PI and its use in the CS? We argue that the PA system is much ado about nothing. In analysing why this is so, we will look at the impediments that continue to affect the collection and usage of PI and to suggest ways that will help improve the system. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Civil service; Ghana; Individual performance; Organisational performance; Performance appraisal; Performance information; Performance management	administrative framework; civil service; governance approach; management practice; organizational framework; performance assessment; Ghana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-57349178497	Public sector reform in Sub-Saharan Africa: What can be learnt from the civil service performance improvement programme in Ghana?	Antwi K.B., Analoui F., Nana-Agyekum D.	2008	Public Administration and Development	28	4	10.1002/pad.503	University of Cape-Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Bradford Centre for International Development (BCID), University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, United Kingdom; Office of the Head of Civil Service (OHCS), Ghana	Antwi, K.B., University of Cape-Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Analoui, F., Bradford Centre for International Development (BCID), University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, United Kingdom; Nana-Agyekum, D., Office of the Head of Civil Service (OHCS), Ghana	This paper focuses on public sector management reform 'best-practice' case experience from Sub-Sahara African (SSA). Given that 'best-practice' is a relative concept and often debatable, the paper uses the Ghana Civil Service Performance Improvement Programme (GCSPIP) experience as rather a 'good-practice' case with the view to sharing the outcome and lessons to encourage collaborative-learning. It seeks to share the outcome and lessons learnt by the Ghana civil service reform with future public service reformers and to contribute to the literature. The paper concludes with an adaptable three-dimensional framework. The framework argues that successful future public service reform (PSR) should consider three broad issues: first, are the 'critical success factors', including wholehearted political leadership commitment; wholehearted bureaucratic leadership commitment; thoughtful synergistic planning/preparation; patience for implementation and evaluation; capacity to convince; neutralise and accommodate reform-phobias and critics; sustainable financial and technical resource availability and conscious nurturing of general public support. Second, is the need for reformers to appreciate the concerns of the public and the civil society scepticism of public 'institutions' and its 'operatives' and finally placing any reform programme in a country-specific context, including understanding its history, culture, politics, economy, sociology, ideology and values. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Civil service reform; Donors; Ghana Civil Service Performance Improvement Programme; International development partners; New public management; Public sector reform	best management practice; bureaucracy; civil service; civil society; leadership; public sector; Africa; Ghana; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84902540275	What works best and when: Accounting for multiple sources of pureselection bias in program evaluations	Jung H., Pirog M.A.	2014	Journal of Policy Analysis and Management	33	3	10.1002/pam.21764	School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, 1315 E. 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States; Indiana University, 1315 E. 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States; Daniel J. Evans School of Public Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States; Sanlam Centre for Public Management and Governance, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa	Jung, H., School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, 1315 E. 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States; Pirog, M.A., Indiana University, 1315 E. 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States, Daniel J. Evans School of Public Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States, Sanlam Centre for Public Management and Governance, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa	Most evaluations are still quasi-experimental and most recent quasi-experimental methodological research has focused on various types of propensity score matching to minimize conventional selection bias on observables. Although these methods create better-matched treatment and comparison groups on observables, the issue of selection on unobservables still looms large. Thus, in the absence of being able to run randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or natural experiments, it is important to understand how well different regression-based estimators perform in terms of minimizing pure selection bias, that is, selection on unobservables. We examine the relative magnitudes of three sources of pure selection bias: heterogeneous response bias, time-invariant individual heterogeneity (fixed effects [FEs]), and intertemporal dependence (autoregressive process of order one [AR(1)]). Because the relative magnitude of each source of pure selection bias may vary in different policy contexts, it is important to understand how well different regression-based estimators handle each source of selection bias. Expanding simulations that have their origins in the work of Heckman, LaLonde, and Smith (), we find that difference-in-differences (DID) using equidistant pre- and postperiods and FEs estimators are less biased and have smaller standard errors in estimating the Treatment on the Treated (TT) than other regression-based estimators. Our data analysis using the Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA) program replicates our simulation findings in estimating the TT. © 2014 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862255906	The results of treatment of children with metastatic Wilms tumours (WT) in an African setting: Do liver metastases have a negative impact on survival?	Aronson D.C., Maharaj A., Sheik-Gafoor M.H., Hadley G.	2012	Pediatric Blood and Cancer	59	2	10.1002/pbc.24080	Department of Paediatric Surgery, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa	Aronson, D.C., Department of Paediatric Surgery, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa; Maharaj, A., Department of Paediatric Surgery, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa; Sheik-Gafoor, M.H., Department of Paediatric Surgery, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa; Hadley, G., Department of Paediatric Surgery, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa	Background: From Africa, where socio-economic circumstances differ from the developed world, there are no data regarding the influence of liver metastases on survival of children with Wilms tumour. Procedure: One hundred fifty new patients with WT were seen between 2002 and 2010, 45 (30%) had metastases at diagnosis. Seven patients had bilateral disease with additional visceral metastases. Nine patients who developed liver metastases during treatment were excluded. The site of metastases and the results of pretreatment biopsies were retrieved. Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy was combined with nutritional resuscitation, and aggressive supportive care. Post-operative treatment was determined by stage and histology. Results: Liver metastases were present in 19 (42%) patients but were the sole metastatic site in only 4 (9%). Overall survival at 5 years was 58.5%. Event Free Survival was 54%. Thirty-three (73%) had favourable histology, nine unfavourable and undetermined in three. No influence of histology on outcome was evident. Three patients had resection of persistent liver metastases. The pattern of metastatic disease had no influence on outcome. Despite aggressive supportive care two patients (4%) died within a week of presentation. Two patients died of chemotoxicity and two of complications following biopsy. Eight patients (17%) were lost to follow-up of whom five were on palliative treatment only. Conclusions: In Africa liver metastases do not appear to worsen the prognosis of children with Stage IV WT. Despite the poor socio-economic circumstances survival is comparable to other countries. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc..	Africa; Liver metastases; Metastatic disease; Prognosis; Wilms tumour	adjuvant chemotherapy; Africa; anaplastic carcinoma; article; cancer palliative therapy; cancer prognosis; cancer staging; cancer survival; child; clinical article; event free survival; female; histology; human; infant; liver metastasis; lung metastasis; male; nephroblastoma; newborn; nutritional support; overall survival; preschool child; priority journal; school child; teratoma; Child; Child, Preschool; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Kidney Neoplasms; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Survival Rate; Wilms Tumor	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907897288	Characterizations of basalt unsaturated polyester laminates under static three-point bending and low-velocity impact loadings	Gideon R.K., Hu H., Wambua P., Gu B.	2014	Polymer Composites	35	11	10.1002/pc.22885	College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China; School of Engineering, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya	Gideon, R.K., College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China; Hu, H., College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China; Wambua, P., School of Engineering, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Gu, B., College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China	This paper reports the responses of basalt unsaturated polyester laminates under static three-point bending loading and low-velocity impact. Three kinds of composite materials, unidirectional (0°), cross-ply (0°/90°) and woven laminates were considered. The laminates were fabricated by layup process and hot pressed under pressure. Static three-point bending tests and low-velocity impact tests were conducted to obtain the force-deflection, force-time, deflection-time, velocity-time, and energy-time curves. The results showed that unidirectional (0°) laminates carried more load during static loading, but in the event of dynamic loading, cross-ply, and woven laminates were more superior. It was observed that the failure of 0° laminates was along the fiber direction while for cross-ply and woven, the damage was localized, around the impacted locations. From the different combinations of unidirectional (0°), cross-ply (0°/90°) and woven lamina, the impact behaviors could be optimized with the lowest area density. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers.	None	Low velocity impact; Three point bending; Unsaturated polyester	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-41149107338	Evaluation of spectrophotometric methods for screening of green rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) and green honeybush (Cyclopia genistoides) extracts for high levels of bio-active compounds	Joubert E., Manley M., Botha M.	2008	Phytochemical Analysis	19	2	10.1002/pca.1033	ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag XI, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	Joubert, E., ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa, Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag XI, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Manley, M., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag XI, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Botha, M., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag XI, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	The potential of UV spectrophotometry and an aluminium chloride (AlCl3) colorimetric method to determine the dihydrochalcone (DHC) and mangiferin contents of green rooibos and honeybush (C. genistoides) extracts, respectively, was investigated. The DHC content of rooibos water extracts, determined using UV spectroscopy, correlated with the sum of the aspalathin and nothofagin contents as quantified using HPLC (r = 0.98). A correlation coefficient of 0.91 was obtained when correlating the mangiferin content of C. genistodies methanol extracts, determined by the AlCl3 colorimetric method, with the results obtained by HPLC. Using the linear equations from the correlations it was possible to predict the DHC and mangiferin contents of extracts from the respective spectrophotometric measurements to a reasonable accuracy as an alternative to HPLC. The total polyphenol (TP) content of rooibos water extracts can also be determined using UV spectrophotometry and aspalathin as a standard (r = 0.99) as an alternative to the Folin-Ciocalteau method. The TP content of rooibos extracts correlated (r = 0.99) with its total antioxidant activity (TAA) as determined with the ABTS radical cation scavenging assay, but the TP content of C. genistoides water extracts is not a good indication of their TAA (r = 0.27). The aspalathin content of rooibos extracts correlated with their TAA (r = 0.96), but the mangiferin content of honeybush water extracts only gave a moderate correlation with their TAA (r = 0.75). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.	Aspalathin; Aspalathus linearis; Cyclopia genistoides; Dihydrochalcone; Honeybush; Mangiferin; Rooibos; Screening methods	aluminum chloride; antioxidant; aspalathin; Aspalathus linearis extract; chalcone derivative; Cyclopia genistoides extract; dihydrochalcone; mangiferin; methanol; natural product; nothofagin; plant extract; polyphenol; unclassified drug; accuracy; antioxidant activity; article; Aspalathus; Aspalathus linearis; colorimetry; correlation analysis; correlation coefficient; Cyclopia genistoides; drug screening; drug structure; high performance liquid chromatography; linear system; prediction; quantitative analysis; scavenging system; ultraviolet spectrophotometry; Aluminum Compounds; Aspalathus; Chalcones; Chlorides; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Colorimetry; Cyclopia Plant; Molecular Structure; Plant Extracts; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Water; Xanthones; Aspalathus linearis; Cyclopia genistoides	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84909961232	Gestational age-adjusted trends and reference intervals of the Modified Myocardial Performance Index (Mod-MPI) and its components, with its interpretation in the context of established cardiac physiological principles	Bhorat I., Bagratee J., Reddy T.	2014	Prenatal Diagnosis	34	11	10.1002/pd.4414	Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Subdepartment of Fetal Medicine, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa; Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa	Bhorat, I., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Subdepartment of Fetal Medicine, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa; Bagratee, J., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Subdepartment of Fetal Medicine, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa; Reddy, T., Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa	Objective: The objective of this study is to establish gestational age-adjusted reference intervals and trends of the modified myocardial performance index (Mod-MPI), isovolumetric contraction time (ICT), isovolumetric relaxation time (IRT), and ejection time (ET) in pregnancy Methods: A cross-sectional study using Doppler echocardiography to determine the Mod-MPI was performed on 419 fetuses from 20 to 38weeks of gestation. Doppler signals of the opening and closing of the mitral and aortic valves were used as landmarks to determine the ICT, IRT, and ET. The Mod-MPI was modeled using fractional polynomials and the exponential-normal model. Results: The Mod-MPI was relatively constant from 20 to 26weeks and thereafter steadily decreased with advancing gestational age. ICT and ET remained constant, whereas IRT decreased with advancing gestation similar to the Mod-MPI. Conclusion: Reference intervals of the Mod-MPI evaluating fetal cardiac function have been established. Maturational and developmental alterations in the myocardial performance in utero resulting in better ventricular compliance is most likely responsible for the decreasing trend of the Mod-MPI noted with advancing gestation. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	None	aorta valve; Article; assessment of humans; cardiovascular parameters; cross-sectional study; Doppler echocardiography; fetal Doppler; fetus; gestational age; heart performance; heart ventricle ejection time; human; isovolumetric contraction time; isovolumetric relaxation time; maternal age; mitral valve; modified myocardial performance index; normal human; priority journal; reference value; echography; female; fetus echography; fetus heart; health status indicator; heart contraction; heart ventricle; physiology; pregnancy; procedures; reference value; second trimester pregnancy; standards; third trimester pregnancy; Aortic Valve; Cross-Sectional Studies; Echocardiography, Doppler; Female; Fetal Heart; Gestational Age; Health Status Indicators; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Myocardial Contraction; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Reference Values; Ultrasonography, Prenatal	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84918586205	Use of the myocardial performance index as a prognostic indicator of adverse fetal outcome in poorly controlled gestational diabetic pregnancies	Bhorat I.E., Bagratee J.S., Pillay M., Reddy T.	2014	Prenatal Diagnosis	34	13	10.1002/pd.4471	Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa	Bhorat, I.E., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Bagratee, J.S., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Pillay, M., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Reddy, T., Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa	What is known about the topic?Fetal complications in gestational diabetes without microvascular complications are related to fetal hyperinsulinism. Our present prenatal surveillance techniques in diabetic pregnancies are neither appropriate nor sufficient as a monitoring tool. Impaired cardiac function in fetuses of diabetic pregnancies has been documented, but no link to adverse outcome has been demonstrated. What this study adds to the topic?This study has established an association between fetal cardiac dysfunction and abnormal fetal outcomes in poorly controlled gestational diabetic pregnancies. There seems to be an association between severity of the myocardial performance index elevation and rates of abnormal outcomes. Myocardial performance index may be an attractive monitoring tool of the fetus in poorly controlled diabetic pregnancy. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether there are any changes in cardiac function in fetuses of poorly controlled gestational diabetics and whether these changes influence perinatal outcome. Methods: Twenty-nine pregnant women with severe gestational diabetes on insulin therapy in the third trimester of pregnancy were recruited and matched with 29 women with normal pregnancies (control group). Using Doppler echocardiography, the modified myocardial performance index (Mod-MPI) and E wave/A wave peak velocities (E/A) ratios were determined. Placental resistance Doppler markers were also determined in both groups. Adverse perinatal outcome was defined as perinatal death, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, cord pH <7.15, 5-min Apgar score <7 and presence of cardiomyopathy. Results: The median Mod-MPI was increased (0.59 vs 0.38; p<0.0001) and the E/A ratio was decreased (0.65 vs 0.76; p<0.0001) in fetuses of diabetic mothers compared with controls. An MPI >0.52 had a sensitivity of 100% [95% confidence interval (CI) 85-100%] and specificity of 92% (95% CI 70-92%) for prediction of adverse perinatal outcome, including one stillbirth and one neonatal death. No abnormal outcomes occurred in the control group. Conclusions: There is significant impairment of cardiac function in fetuses of poorly controlled gestational diabetics. Mod-MPI and E/A ratio have the potential to improve fetal surveillance in diabetic pregnancies. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	None	adult; clinical trial; cross-sectional study; female; fetus heart; heart function test; human; pathophysiology; pregnancy; pregnancy diabetes mellitus; pregnancy outcome; prospective study; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Fetal Heart; Heart Function Tests; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Prospective Studies	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924146495	Determination of the myocardial performance index in deteriorating grades of intrauterine growth restriction and its link to adverse outcomes	Bhorat I.E., Bagratee J.S., Pillay M., Reddy T.	2015	Prenatal Diagnosis	35	3	10.1002/pd.4537	Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa; Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa	Bhorat, I.E., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa; Bagratee, J.S., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa; Pillay, M., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa; Reddy, T., Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa	Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the fetal modified myocardial performance index (Mod-MPI) and E-wave/A-wave peak velocities (E/A ratio) in deteriorating grades of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and its link to adverse outcomes defined as perinatal death, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, neonatal resuscitation, neonatal cord pH <7.15, intraventricular hemorrhage and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Method: Forty three pregnant women with IUGR defined as the abdominal circumference <10th percentile for gestational age and umbilical resistance index >2 standard deviations in the third trimester of pregnancy were matched for gestational age and maternal age with 43 women with appropriate-for-gestational-age fetuses. The IUGR group was subdivided on the basis of multivessel Doppler anomalies into different grades of growth restriction. Mod-MPI and E/A ratio were determined and linked to perinatal outcome. Results: The median Mod-MPI was significantly higher in growth-restricted fetuses compared with controls (0.59 vs 0.37, p<0.001) and increased with severity of IUGR, the classification of which was based on degree of abnormality of the umbilical resistance index, presence of arterial redistribution and degree of abnormality of the ductus venosus (DV) Doppler indices. A cut-off Mod-MPI value of 0.54 conferred a sensitivity of 87% [confidence interval (CI): 66-97%], specificity of 75% (CI: 55-91%) and a likelihood ratio (LR) of 3.47 for an adverse outcome. A cut-off Mod-MPI value of 0.67 conferred a sensitivity of 100% (CI: 54-100%), specificity of 81% (CI: 65-92%) and LR of 5.28 for perinatal death. No abnormal outcomes occurred in controls. In logistic regression analysis, the MPI remained a significant predictor of adverse outcome after adjusting for gestational age of delivery, fetal weight, E/A ratio, maternal age, DV Doppler indices, amniotic fluid index and umbilical artery resistance index [adjusted odds ratio, 95% CI: 2.60 (1.15-5.83), p-value 0.02]. MPI fared significantly better than the E/A ratio as a predictor of adverse outcome (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.94 and 0.76, p<0.001). Conclusion: Fetal myocardial performance deteriorates with severity of growth restriction. There is an association between severity of the MPI elevation and rates of adverse perinatal outcome. The Mod-MPI and E/A ratio have the potential to be integrated into routine surveillance techniques of the growth-restricted fetus. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	None	A wave; abdominal circumference; adverse outcome; Article; brain hemorrhage; cardiovascular parameters; clinical article; controlled study; disease severity; Doppler echocardiography; ductus venosus; female; fetus; heart function; heart performance; human; hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy; intrauterine growth retardation; lung dysplasia; myocardial performance index; perinatal death; pH; pregnant woman; priority journal; real time ultrasound scanner; resuscitation; adult; amnion fluid; case control study; complication; diastole; echography; fetus echography; fetus heart; gestational age; heart left ventricle function; heart ventricle function; intrauterine growth retardation; pregnancy; prematurity; prognosis; second trimester pregnancy; severity of illness index; systole; third trimester pregnancy; umbilical artery; vascularization; Adult; Amniotic Fluid; Case-Control Studies; Diastole; Echocardiography, Doppler; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Fetal Heart; Fetus; Gestational Age; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Premature Birth; Prognosis; Severity of Illness Index; Systole; Ultrasonography, Prenatal; Umbilical Arteries; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left; Ventricular Function; Ventricular Function, Left	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940259267	Structure and properties of a β-nucleated polypropylene impact copolymer	Motsoeneng T.S., van Reenen A.J., Luyt A.S.	2015	Polymer International	64	2	10.1002/pi.4778	Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State (Qwaqwa Campus), Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa; Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Motsoeneng, T.S., Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State (Qwaqwa Campus), Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa; van Reenen, A.J., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Luyt, A.S., Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State (Qwaqwa Campus), Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa	The effect of a β-nucleating agent (β-NA) on the properties and structure of a commercial impact polypropylene copolymer (IPC) was investigated. The effect of selected β-NAs on the impact resistance, stress and strain behaviour of the IPC is reported. In addition, the IPC was fractionated according to crystallinity by preparative temperature rising elution fractionation. Fractions with varying chemical composition and crystallinity were treated with a two-component β-NA to investigate the effect of the β-NA on the various fractions. The results indicate that the efficacy of the β-NA is dependent on the chemical composition of the polymer that crystallises, more specifically on the sequence length of crystallisable propylene units. The effect of the addition of β-NAs on the overall morphology of the IPC was also investigated, and in particular the size and distribution of the rubbery particles in these complex reactor blends were probed. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry.	Impact polypropylene copolymer; Mechanical properties; Thermal stability; β-nucleation	Copolymers; Mechanical properties; Propylene; Thermodynamic stability; Chemical compositions; Impact polypropylene copolymer; Nucleating agents; Polypropylene impact copolymers; Sequence lengths; Stress and strain; Structure and properties; Temperature-rising elution; Polypropylenes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650714156	The effects of spectral evaluation of c-Si modules	Simon M., Meyer E.L.	2011	Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications	19	1	10.1002/pip.973	Fort Hare Institute of Technology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag x1314, Alice 5700, South Africa	Simon, M., Fort Hare Institute of Technology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag x1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Meyer, E.L., Fort Hare Institute of Technology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag x1314, Alice 5700, South Africa	Outdoor spectral measurements in sub-Sahara, South Africa in particular have not been documented probably due to lack of data or lack of proper methodologies for quantifying the spectral effects on photovoltaic performance parameters. Crystalline-Si modules are widely used for system designs in most cases based on the data provided from indoor measurements or from maritime northern hemispheric conditions. As a result of this, PV systems fail to deliver their intended maximum power output. In this study, a methodology for quantifying outdoor spectral effects of c-Si modules commonly found in the African continent is presented. The results of three crystalline-Si modules indicate that these modules are affected as the spectrum shifts during seasons although these devices are perceived (without outdoor data) that their performance is not influenced by the seasonal changes in outdoor spectrum. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	crystalline-Si modules; outdoor spectrum; spectral effects	crystalline-Si modules; Indoor measurement; Maximum power output; outdoor spectrum; Photovoltaic performance; PV system; Seasonal changes; South Africa; Spectral effects; Spectral measurement; Spectrum shifts; System design; Crystalline materials; Silicon; Systems analysis; Photovoltaic effects	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76349122758	Performance measurement: Does education impact productivity?	Larbi-Apau J.A., Sarpong D.B.	2010	Performance Improvement Quarterly	22	4	10.1002/piq.20069	384 College of Education, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States; Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, College of Agriculture and Consumer Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana	Larbi-Apau, J.A., 384 College of Education, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States; Sarpong, D.B., Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, College of Agriculture and Consumer Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana	This study investigated the impact of managers' educational levels on productivity in the commercial poultry industry in Ghana. The level of education of 33 production managers of the poultry farms were factored into a Cobb-Douglas production function with other explanatory variables. The computed percentage change in productivity due to higher education relative to secondary education was 10%. The interaction terms of basic education, experience, and extension visits were positive and not statistically significant. Targeting management education could increase productivity in the commercial poultry industry. Educated managers have a higher propensity to adopt technology and alternative production mix for effectiveness and efficiency. This study concludes that higher educational level had a positive impact on productivity in the commercial poultry industry and should be harnessed for improved performance in the domestic and global market. © 2010 International Society for Performance Improvement.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-44949210275	Impact of the clay organic modifier on the morphology of polymer-clay nanocomposites prepared by in Situ free-radical polymerization in emulsion	Greesh N., Hartmann P.C., Cloete V., Sanderson R.D.	2008	Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry	46	11	10.1002/pola.22701	Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, UNESCO Associated Centre for Macromolecules, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, 7602 Matieland, South Africa	Greesh, N., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, UNESCO Associated Centre for Macromolecules, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, 7602 Matieland, South Africa; Hartmann, P.C., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, UNESCO Associated Centre for Macromolecules, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, 7602 Matieland, South Africa; Cloete, V., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, UNESCO Associated Centre for Macromolecules, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, 7602 Matieland, South Africa; Sanderson, R.D., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, UNESCO Associated Centre for Macromolecules, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, 7602 Matieland, South Africa	Poly(styrene-co-butyl acrylate) copolymers were prepared by free-radical random copolymerization of styrene and butyl acrylate in emulsion in the presence of 10% of surface-modified sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT). The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of the clay organic modifier in terms of its chemical structure, its degree of interaction within the clay galleries surface, and its ability to copolymerize with monomers, on the morphology and properties of the final nanocomposite prepared. Na-MMT was modified using different organic modifiers, namely: sodium 1-allyloxy-2- hydroxypropyl (Cops), 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS), N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA), and sodium 11-methacryloyloxy-unde-can-1-yl sulfate (MET), respectively. The morphology and properties of the nanocomposites obtained were found to be dependant on the clay organic modifier. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy indicated that, nanocomposites at 10% clay loading with Cops-, NIPA-, and MET-modified clays, yielded intercalated to partially exfoliated structures, whereas AMPS-modified clay gave a nanocomposite with a fully exfoliated structure. All polymer-clay nanocomposites were found to be more thermally stable than neat poly(S-co-BA) as were determined by TGA. However, nanocomposites with intercalated structures exhibited greater thermal stability relative to fully exfoliated ones. Furthermore, nanocomposites with exfoliated structures exhibited higher storage moduli (GI) than partially exfoliated once, whereas intercalated structure showed the lowest GI values. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	Emulsion polymerization; Exfoliation; Intercalated; Nanocomposites; Organoclay	Acrylic monomers; Alkali metals; Amides; Barium; Catalyst activity; Chemical properties; Chemical reactions; Chemicals; Cobalt; Cobalt alloys; Cobalt compounds; Copolymerization; Electron microscopes; Electron microscopy; Electron optics; Free radical polymerization; Imaging techniques; Ketones; Microfluidics; Microscopic examination; Monomers; Morphology; Nanocomposites; Nanostructured materials; Polymers; Silicate minerals; Sodium; Sodium sulfate; Styrene; Sulfate minerals; Surface properties; Surfaces; Thermodynamic stability; Transmission electron microscopy; X ray analysis; X ray diffraction analysis; (1 1 0) surface; (ethylene vinyl alcohol) copolymers; (PL) properties; Allyloxy; Butyl acrylate (BuA); chemical structures; Clay loadings; Degree of interaction; Exfoliated structures; Free radical polymerization (FRP); Free-radical; In-situ; Intercalated structures; Modified clays; N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAAm); nano composites; Organic modifiers; Polymer-clay nanocomposites (PCN); Sodium montmorillonite (NaMMT); Storage modulus; thermal stability; X ray diffraction (XRD); Clay minerals	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956123586	Thermal state of permafrost and active-layer monitoring in the antarctic: Advances during the international polar year 2007-2009	Vieira G., Bockheim J., Guglielmin M., Balks M., Abramov A.A., Boelhouwers J., Cannone N., Ganzert L., Gilichinsky D.A., Goryachkin S., López-Martínez J., Meiklejohn I., Raffi R., Ramos M., Schaefer C., Serrano E., Simas F., Sletten R., Wagner D.	2010	Permafrost and Periglacial Processes	21	2	10.1002/ppp.685	University of Lisbon, Institute of Geography and Territorial Planning, Portugal; University of Wisconsin, Soil Science, United States; Insubria University, DBSF, Italy; University of Waikato, Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, New Zealand; IPCABPSS RAS, Soil Cryology, Sweden; Uppsala University, Department of Social and Economic Geography, Sweden; Department of Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, Italy; Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Research Unit Potsdam, Germany; Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geography, Russian Federation; Department of Geology and Geochemistry, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Russian Federation; Rhodes University, Department of Geography, South Africa; Department of Sapienza University, Department of Earth Sciences, Italy; University of Alcala, Department of Physics, Spain; Federal University of Viçosa, Department of Soils, Brazil; University of Valladolid, Department of Geography, Spain; University of Washington, Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, United States	Vieira, G., University of Lisbon, Institute of Geography and Territorial Planning, Portugal; Bockheim, J., University of Wisconsin, Soil Science, United States; Guglielmin, M., Insubria University, DBSF, Italy; Balks, M., University of Waikato, Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, New Zealand; Abramov, A.A., IPCABPSS RAS, Soil Cryology, Sweden; Boelhouwers, J., Uppsala University, Department of Social and Economic Geography, Sweden; Cannone, N., Department of Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, Italy; Ganzert, L., Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Research Unit Potsdam, Germany; Gilichinsky, D.A., IPCABPSS RAS, Soil Cryology, Sweden; Goryachkin, S., Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geography, Russian Federation; López-Martínez, J., Department of Geology and Geochemistry, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Russian Federation; Meiklejohn, I., Rhodes University, Department of Geography, South Africa; Raffi, R., Department of Sapienza University, Department of Earth Sciences, Italy; Ramos, M., University of Alcala, Department of Physics, Spain; Schaefer, C., Federal University of Viçosa, Department of Soils, Brazil; Serrano, E., University of Valladolid, Department of Geography, Spain; Simas, F., Federal University of Viçosa, Department of Soils, Brazil; Sletten, R., University of Washington, Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, United States; Wagner, D., Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Research Unit Potsdam, Germany	Results obtained during the International Polar Year (IPY) on the thermal state of permafrost and the active layer in the Antarctic are presented, forming part of ANTPAS (Antarctic Permafrost and Soils'), which was one of the key projects developed by the International Permafrost Association and the Scientific Committee for Antarctic Research for the IPY. The number of boreholes for permafrost and active-layer monitoring was increased from 21 to 73 during the IPY, while CALM-S sites to monitor the active layer were increased from 18 to 28. Permafrost temperatures during the IPY were slightly below 0°C in the South Shetlands near sea-level, showing that this area is near the climatic boundary of permafrost and has the highest sensitivity to climate change in the region. Permafrost temperatures were much lower in continental Antarctica: from the coast to the interior and with increasing elevation they ranged between - 13.3°C and - 18.6°C in Northern Victoria Land, from - 17.4°C to -22.5°C in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, and down to -23.6°C at high elevation on Mount Fleming (Ross Island). Other monitored regions in continental Antarctica also showed cold permafrost: Queen Maud Land exhibited values down to - 17.8°C on nunataks, while in Novolazar-evskaya (Schirmacher Oasis) at 80 m a.s.l. the permafrost temperature was -8.3°C. The coastal stations of Molodeznaya at Enderby Land showed permafrost temperatures of -9.8°C, Larsemann Hills - Progress Station in the Vestfold Hills region - recorded -8.5°C, and Russkaya in Marie Byrd Land, - 10.4°C. This snapshot obtained during the IPY shows that the range of ground temperatures in the Antarctic is greater than in the Arctic. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Active layer; Antarctica; ANTPAS; IPY; Permafrost temperature	active layer; freeze-thaw cycle; frozen ground; monitoring system; nunatak; patterned ground; periglacial environment; permafrost; polar region; thermal regime; Antarctica; East Antarctica; McMurdo Dry Valleys; Mount Fleming; Queen Maud Land; South Shetland Islands; Victoria Land	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953803547	The feasibility of MS and advanced data processing for monitoring Schistosoma mansoni infection	Balog C.I.A., Alexandrov T., Derks R.J., Hensbergen P.J., van Dam G.J., Tukahebwa E.M., Kabatereine N.B., Thiele H., Vennervald B.J., Mayboroda O.A., Deelder A.M.	2010	Proteomics - Clinical Applications	4	5	10.1002/prca.200900158	Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden, Netherlands; University of Bremen, Center for Industrial Mathematics, Bremen, Germany; Vector Control Division, Ugandan Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda; Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen, Germany; DBL Centre for Health Research and Development, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark	Balog, C.I.A., Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden, Netherlands; Alexandrov, T., University of Bremen, Center for Industrial Mathematics, Bremen, Germany; Derks, R.J., Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden, Netherlands; Hensbergen, P.J., Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden, Netherlands; van Dam, G.J., Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden, Netherlands; Tukahebwa, E.M., Vector Control Division, Ugandan Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda; Kabatereine, N.B., Vector Control Division, Ugandan Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda; Thiele, H., Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen, Germany; Vennervald, B.J., DBL Centre for Health Research and Development, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Mayboroda, O.A., Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden, Netherlands; Deelder, A.M., Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden, Netherlands	Purpose: Sensitive diagnosis, monitoring of disease progression and the evaluation of chemotherapeutic interventions are of prime importance for the improvement of control and prevention strategies for Schistosomiasis. The aim of the present study was to identify novel markers of Schistosoma mansoni infection and disease using urine samples from a large cohort from an area endemic for S. mansoni. Experimental design: Urine samples were collected and processed on an automated sample clean-up and fractionation system combining strong cation exchange and reversed phase, and analyzed by MS (MALDI ToF MS). The ClinPro Tools™ (CPT) software and the Discrete Wavelet Transformation-Support Vector Machine (DWT-SVM) procedure were used for classification and statistical analysis. Results: We observed a large difference in urinary peptide profiles between children and adults but classification based on infection was possible only for children. Here, in the external validation data set, 93% of the infected children were classified correctly with DWTSVM (versus 76% for CPT). In addition 91% of low-infected children were classified correctly using DWT-SVM (versus 85% for CPT). The discriminating peptides were identified as fragments of collagen 1A1 and 1A3, and uromodulin. Conclusions and clinical relevance: In conclusion, we provide the usefulness of a peptidomics profiling approach combined with DWT-SVM in the monitoring of S. mansoni infection.	Discrete Wavelet Transformation-Support Vector machine; Infection markers; MS; Schistosoma mansoni; Urinary peptidomics	collagen; collagen 1A1; collagen 1A3; Tamm Horsfall glycoprotein; unclassified drug; adolescent; article; child; cohort analysis; endemic disease; female; human; major clinical study; male; matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry; peptidomics; priority journal; protein urine level; Schistosoma mansoni; schistosomiasis mansoni; school child; support vector machine; Adolescent; Adult; Antigens, Helminth; Biological Markers; Child; Feasibility Studies; Feces; Glycoproteins; Helminth Proteins; Humans; Peptides; Proteomics; Schistosomiasis mansoni; Software; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Schistosoma mansoni	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84890198153	Comparative lung function performance of stroke survivors and age-matched and sex-matched controls	Ezeugwu V.E., Olaogun M., Mbada C.E., Adedoyin R.	2013	Physiotherapy Research International	18	4	10.1002/pri.1547	University of Abuja Teaching Hospital - Physiotherapy, Phase 3 Gwagwalada, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, 900001, Nigeria; Obafemi Awolowo University - Medical Rehabilitation, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria	Ezeugwu, V.E., University of Abuja Teaching Hospital - Physiotherapy, Phase 3 Gwagwalada, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, 900001, Nigeria; Olaogun, M., Obafemi Awolowo University - Medical Rehabilitation, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria; Mbada, C.E., Obafemi Awolowo University - Medical Rehabilitation, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria; Adedoyin, R., Obafemi Awolowo University - Medical Rehabilitation, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria	Background and Purpose: Reduced endurance and excessive fatigue in stroke survivors (SS) during exercise may be linked to impairment of lung function and breathing mechanics, but little is known about lung function of SS. The purpose of this study is to determine lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1second [FEV1], forced vital capacity [FVC], FEV1/FVC ratio and peak expiratory flow [PEF]) and influence of anthropometrics on lung function in SS compared with healthy controls (CG). Methods: In this case-control, cross-sectional study, we recruited 70 participants (42 males, 28 females), comprising 35 SS and 35 CG (range 34-73years). Anthropometrics were measured using standard instruments and procedure. Chest excursion was measured at the axilla, xiphoid and lower costal levels. Lung function indices were measured using a micro-computerized spirometer. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics and Research Committee of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Results/Findings: Compared with the CG, the SS had significantly lower values for FEV1 (1.99±0.66 vs. 2.36±0.45L, p=0.004), FVC (2.55±0.70 vs. 2.90±0.54L, p=0.014), PEF (3.88±1.38 vs. 5.24±1.30Lsecond-1, p=0.001) and chest excursion (3.0±0.71 vs. 3.5±0.91 cm, p=0.018). Correlations between chest excursion, FEV1, FVC and PEF were not significant (p&gt;0.05). Discussion: The weakness of respiratory muscles associated with stroke may have contributed to decreases in lung function observed. There was a significant reduction in chest excursion of SS compared with CG. Chest excursion has been used as an indicator of respiratory muscle function because the range of motion of the thorax serves the respiration. Movements of the thorax influence the content of the thorax cavity, leading to alterations in lung volumes. Implications for Physiotherapy Practice: Stroke survivors have lower lung function when compared with CG; this has implications for clinicians in stroke rehabilitation, underscoring the importance for inclusion of interventions to improve lung function. © 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.	Lung function; Spirometry; Stroke survivors	adult; aged; article; breathing mechanics; case control study; cerebrovascular accident; cross-sectional study; forced expiratory volume; human; lung; lung function; lung function test; male; middle aged; pathophysiology; peak expiratory flow; physiology; spirometry; stroke survivors; survivor; thoracic cavity; vital capacity; lung function; spirometry; stroke survivors; Adult; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Forced Expiratory Volume; Humans; Lung; Male; Middle Aged; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; Respiratory Function Tests; Respiratory Mechanics; Stroke; Survivors; Thoracic Cavity; Vital Capacity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33751107960	In vitro evaluation of effects of two ghanaian plants relevant to wound healing	Mensah A.Y., Houghton P.J., Dickson R.A., Fleischer T.C., Heinrich M., Bremner P.	2006	Phytotherapy Research	20	11	10.1002/ptr.1978	Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmacy, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom; Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29/39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom	Mensah, A.Y., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Houghton, P.J., Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmacy, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom; Dickson, R.A., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Fleischer, T.C., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Heinrich, M., Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29/39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom; Bremner, P., Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29/39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom	Commelina diffusa and Spathodea campanulata are used as wound-healing agents in Ashanti traditional medicine in Ghana. The methanol extracts of Commelina diffusa herb and Spathodea campanulata bark showed some level of antimicrobial activity with C. diffusa exhibiting selective antifungal activity against Trichophyton species. The extracts reduced the peroxidation of bovine brain extract with an IC50 value of 1.39 mg/mL and 0.24 mg/mL, respectively. In addition the extracts also exhibited significant antioxidant activity by protecting MRC-5 cells from hydrogen peroxide induced oxidant injury at concentrations between 1 μg/mL and 10 μg/mL. The extracts showed no inhibition of NF-κB at 100 μg/mL. The antioxidant activities and antimicrobial activities suggest that the use of the plants in wound healing may be based on antioxidant and antiseptic effects of its constituents. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.	Bacteria; Commelina diffusa; Lipid peroxidation; Ringworm fungi; Spathodea campanulata; Wound healing	brain extract; hydrogen peroxide; immunoglobulin enhancer binding protein; plant extract; antifungal activity; antimicrobial activity; antioxidant activity; article; bark; cell line; Commelina; controlled study; Ghana; IC 50; in vitro study; nonhuman; peroxidation; Trichophyton; wound healing; Animals; Antioxidants; Bacteria; Bignoniaceae; Brain; Cattle; Cells, Cultured; Commelina; Fungi; Hydrogen Peroxide; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Methanol; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Wound Healing; Wounds and Injuries; Bos taurus; Commelina diffusa; Fungi; Spathodea campanulata; Trichophyton	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34248195150	The design and evaluation of placebo material for crude herbals: Artemisia afra herb as a model	Dube A., Manthata L.N., Syce J.A.	2007	Phytotherapy Research	21	5	10.1002/ptr.2084	School of Pharmacy, South African Herbal Science and Medicines Institute (SAHSMI), University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa	Dube, A., School of Pharmacy, South African Herbal Science and Medicines Institute (SAHSMI), University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Manthata, L.N., School of Pharmacy, South African Herbal Science and Medicines Institute (SAHSMI), University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Syce, J.A., School of Pharmacy, South African Herbal Science and Medicines Institute (SAHSMI), University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa	Herbal materials are known to present significant challenges with regard to designing credible placebos. This study intended to demonstrate the possibility of designing placebo material for crude herbals and used Artemisia afra, a popular traditional herbal medicine in South Africa, as a model. To produce the placebo, step-wise solvent extractions were conducted on the plant leaves and the process was monitored spectrophotometrically and using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection. The odour and taste between the placebo and A. afra was matched by inclusion of linalool and sodium saccharin, respectively. The muscle relaxant activity of the placebo was evaluated using an isolated guinea-pig tracheal muscle preparation. The UV absorbance of the extracts and the HPLC chromatograms, showed that most of the phytochemical constituents had been removed and the placebo closely resembled the A. afra leaves. The EC50 of the placebo and the leaves were 4846.00 and 68.49 mg/mL, respectively, which showed that not only did the A. afra leaves possess muscle relaxant activity, but that the placebo did not possess any significant activity compared with the A. afra leaves (p value 0.0001). These results demonstrated that it is possible to design credible, pharmacologically inert placebo material for crude herbals. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.	Artemisia afra; Crude herbal material; Herbal placebo design; HPLC; Muscle relaxant activity; Solvent extraction	herbaceous agent; placebo; plant medicinal product; animal experiment; animal tissue; Artemisia; article; controlled study; diode; female; guinea pig; high performance liquid chromatography; male; muscle relaxation; nonhuman; odor; plant leaf; solvent extraction; South Africa; spectrophotometer; taste; trachea muscle; ultraviolet radiation; Animals; Artemisia; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Guinea Pigs; Medicine, Herbal; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Odors; Placebos; Plant Preparations; Taste; Trachea; Artemisia afra; Cavia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649399126	Evaluation of in vivo antihypertensive and in vitro vasodepressor activities of the leaf extract of syzygium guineense (willd) D.C.	Ayele Y., Urga K., Engidawork E.	2010	Phytotherapy Research	24	10	10.1002/ptr.3141	Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Drug Research, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Ethiopia	Ayele, Y., Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Urga, K., Department of Drug Research, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Ethiopia; Engidawork, E., Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	The aim of this work was to evaluate the antihypertensive activity of the hydroalcohol extract of the leaves of Syzygium guineense (Willd) D.C. (Myrtaceae) in a 1-kidney-1-clip rat model and its vasorelaxant effect on isolated aorta. The extract reduced blood pressure in a dose and time dependent fashion. Following 3 days of treatment, single oral daily doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg caused an overall reduction (p &lt; 0.05) of systolic blood pressure by 6.9, 34.0 and 40.8 mmHg, respectively. The diastolic blood pressure was, however, significantly reduced (p &lt; 0.05) by 100 mg/kg (10.3 mmHg) and 150 mg/kg (18.4 mmHg) doses only. The mean blood pressure was reduced by 5.0, 18.3 and 25.9 mmHg by the respective doses. The extract also caused a dose-dependent relaxation of aorta precontracted with KCl at a concentration of 5-70 mg/mL, with a maximum relaxation of 56.22% achieved at 70 mg/mL concentration. The relaxation mechanism was found to be independent of the endothelium system, muscarinic receptors, histamine receptors, ATP dependent K+ channels, cyclooxygenase enzymes and cGMP/NO pathway. The findings suggest that the extract had an antihypertensive effect most likely caused by dilation of the blood vessels, a confirmation for the folkloric use of the plant. © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.	1K1C rat model; antihypertensive; hydroalcohol extract; Syzyguim guineense; vasorelaxation	adenosine triphosphate sensitive potassium channel; antihypertensive agent; cyclic GMP; histamine receptor; muscarinic receptor; nitric oxide; plant extract; prostaglandin synthase; Syzygium guineense extract; unclassified drug; vasodilator agent; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antihypertensive activity; aorta; article; blood pressure regulation; diastolic blood pressure; dose response; female; in vitro study; in vivo study; male; mean arterial pressure; Myrtaceae; nonhuman; plant leaf; rat; reticuloendothelial system; systolic blood pressure; Syzygium guineense; vasodilatation; Angiosperms; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Aorta; Blood Pressure; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Guinea Pigs; Male; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Vasodilation; Vasodilator Agents; Myrtaceae; Rattus; Syzygium guineense	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051693441	Evaluation of the antipeptic ulcer activity of the leaf extract of Plantago lanceolata L. in rodents	Melese E., Asres K., Asad M., Engidawork E.	2011	Phytotherapy Research	25	8	10.1002/ptr.3411	Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, King George VI Street, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia	Melese, E., Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, King George VI Street, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Asres, K., Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; Asad, M., Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, King George VI Street, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Engidawork, E., Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, King George VI Street, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	The effect of the leaf extract of Plantago lanceolata L. (Plantaginaceae) on gastric secretion and cytoprotection was evaluated using different models of gastroduodenal ulcer, including acetic acid induced chronic gastric ulcer, indomethacin induced gastric ulcer, cysteamine induced duodenal ulcer and pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcer. The aqueous extract was administered at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg and 140 mg/kg and 280 mg/kg for mice and rats, respectively, and compared with vehicle or the standard, ranitidine (50 or 70 mg/kg) or misopristol (280 μg/kg). In addition, activity of the mucilage (172 mg/kg) was also evaluated in acetic acid induced chronic gastric ulcer. Administration was done orally except in pylorus ligation, where the intraduodenal route was used. In all cases, higher doses of the extract provided better protection than lower doses and the mucilage, hinting at a dose-dependent effect. Whilst higher doses of the extract showed a better healing of the ulcer as well as protection in indomethacin and pylorus ligation models, activities of lesser magnitude than ranitidine were noted in the cysteamine model. Together these findings indicate that higher doses used in the present study provided an overall better protection against gastroduodenal ulcers than the standard drugs employed through antisecretory and cytoprotective mechanisms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	antisecretory; antiulcer; cytoprotection; Plantago lanceolata; rodents	acetic acid; antiulcer agent; indometacin; mercaptamine; misoprostol; mucilage extract; plant extract; Plantago lanceolata extract; ranitidine; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; antiulcer activity; article; cell protection; controlled study; dose response; drug activity; drug dose comparison; drug efficacy; duodenum ulcer; female; male; mouse; mucilage; nonhuman; plant leaf; Plantago; plantago lanceolata; pylorus ligation; rat; stomach secretion; stomach ulcer; treatment outcome; Acetic Acid; Animals; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Cysteamine; Disease Models, Animal; Duodenal Ulcer; Ethiopia; Female; Male; Mice; Peptic Ulcer; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plantago; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Mus; Plantaginaceae; Plantago lanceolata; Rattus; Rodentia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876296210	Biochemical and haematological evaluation of repeated dose exposure of male wistar rats to an ethanolic extract of artemisia annua	Eteng M.U., Abolaji A.O., Ebong P.E., Brisibe E.A., Dar A., Kabir N., Iqbal Choudhary M.	2013	Phytotherapy Research	27	4	10.1002/ptr.4758	Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria; Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences	Eteng, M.U., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria; Abolaji, A.O., Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Ebong, P.E., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria; Brisibe, E.A., Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Dar, A., Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Kabir, N., Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Iqbal Choudhary, M., Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan	Artemisia annua is widely used for the treatment of malaria and other disorders. In a previous study, the artemisinin concentration in the dry leaves of A. annua grown under humid tropical conditions was determined to be 1.098% using reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. In the current study, biochemical and haematological evaluations of ethanolic leaf extracts derived from such plants (EAA) were carried out in 20 male Wistar rats. Rats were divided into four study groups of saline-treated (control) and test groups exposed orally to graded doses of EAA for 28 days. The results showed that the liver function and haematological indices, and testosterone levels were not adversely affected. High density lipoprotein -cholesterol was reduced at 100 mg/kg of EAA, atherogenic index as well as low density lipoprotein -cholesterol was raised, and glucose concentration was reduced significantly at the 100 and 200 mg/kg of EAA (p < 0.05). In addition to serving as a possible antidiabetic agent, EAA may not predispose users to hepatotoxicity, haematotoxicity and testicular toxicity. However, due to the possible risk of atherosclerosis, we advise that the plant extract should be taken with caution in people with atherosclerotic condition. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	antidiabetic agent; Artemisia annua; haematotoxicity; hepatotoxicity; testicular toxicity	alcohol; antidiabetic agent; Artemisia annua extract; glucose; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; sodium chloride; testosterone; animal experiment; animal tissue; Artemisia annua; article; atherogenic index; atherosclerosis; biochemistry; blood examination; blood toxicity; cardiovascular parameters; controlled study; drug dose comparison; drug isolation; drug safety; drug screening; glucose blood level; hematological parameters; liver function; liver toxicity; male; nonhuman; plant leaf; rat; repeated drug dose; reproductive toxicity; testicular toxicity; testosterone blood level; treatment duration; Animals; Artemisia annua; Biological Markers; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Liver; Male; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Testis; Testosterone; Toxicity Tests, Subacute; Artemisia annua; Rattus; Rattus norvegicus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77949389638	Rain drop size distribution variability and impact on X-band polarimetric radar retrieval: Results from the AMMA campaign in Benin	Gosset M., Zahirib E.-P., Moumounic S.	2010	Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society	136	SUPPL. 1	10.1002/qj.556	Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire d'Etude des Transferts en Hydrologie et Environement (LTHE), Toulouse, France; Université Cocody, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, Cote d'Ivoire; Université Abomey Calavi (UAC), Bénin, South Africa	Gosset, M., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire d'Etude des Transferts en Hydrologie et Environement (LTHE), Toulouse, France; Zahirib, E.-P., Université Cocody, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, Cote d'Ivoire; Moumounic, S., Université Abomey Calavi (UAC), Bénin, South Africa	During the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) field campaign, polarimetric weather radars, a rain-gauge network and disdrometers were available to analyse the convective systems and the rainfall in Benin. In this paper a three-year dataset of drop size distributions is used to compute theoretical relationships between X-band polarimetric variables and the rain rate, adjusted for the region of interest. The variability of these relationships from storm to storm and between rain types is studied. With an X-band polarimetric radar the rain rate can be retrieved from the differential specific phase shift K DP, the specific attenuation AH, the reflectivity Z or differential reflectivity ZDR corrected for attenuation, or a combination of these variables. The set of coefficients needed to run the rain retrieval or the attenuation correction schemes under the conditions found in Benin are computed. The rain retrieval schemes are compared on the basis of simulations. The retrievals based on one single propagative variable like K DP or A H perform well. Preliminary results from direct comparisons between X-band polarimetric radar estimates and rain-gauges are consistent with the disdrometer-based analysis. © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society.	Microphysics; Tropical rain	Attenuation ,; Attenuation correction; Convective systems; Data sets; Differential reflectivity; Disdrometers; Drop size distribution; Field campaign; Gauge network; Microphysics; Multi-disciplinary analysis; Polarimetric radars; Polarimetric variable; Rain drop size; Rain rates; Rain retrieval; Rain type; Region of interest; Specific attenuation; Tropical rain; Weather radars; Dynamic positioning; Gages; Image segmentation; Meteorological radar; Percolation (solid state); Physics; Polarimeters; Polarographic analysis; Radar; Reflection; Size distribution; Storms; Rain; convective system; data set; precipitation assessment; precipitation intensity; radar; raindrop; rainfall; raingauge; size distribution; theoretical study; weather station; Benin [West Africa]	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930182591	Improved phase i control charts for monitoring times between events	Kumar N., Chakraborti S.	2015	Quality and Reliability Engineering International	31	4	10.1002/qre.1623	Department of Statistics, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa; Department of Information Systems, Statistics and Management Science, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States	Kumar, N., Department of Statistics, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa; Chakraborti, S., Department of Information Systems, Statistics and Management Science, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States	In many situations, the times between certain events are observed and monitored instead of the number of events particularly when the events occur rarely. In this case, it is common to assume that the times between events follow an exponential distribution. Control charts are one of the main tools of statistical process control and monitoring. Control charts are used in phase I to assist operating personnel in bringing the process into a state of statistical control. In this paper, phase I control charts are considered for the observations from an exponential distribution with an unknown mean. A simulation study is carried out to compare the in-control robustness and out-of-control performance of the proposed chart. It is seen that the proposed charts are considerably more in-control robust than two competing charts and have comparable out-of-control properties. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Dixon's statistic; exponential distribution; in-control robustness; performance; phase I and phase II control charts; time between events	Control charts; Flowcharting; Graphic methods; Robustness (control systems); Statistical process control; Exponential distributions; In-control; performance; Phase II; Time-between-events; Process control	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930181776	Graphical evaluation of the prediction capabilities of partially replicated orthogonal central composite designs	Ukaegbu E.C., Chigbu P.E.	2015	Quality and Reliability Engineering International	31	4	10.1002/qre.1630	Department of Statistics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Ukaegbu, E.C., Department of Statistics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Chigbu, P.E., Department of Statistics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	In this work, the performances of the partially replicated-cube and -star (axial) portions of orthogonal central composite designs (CCD) in spherical regions are studied. The replication of the cube and star portions of the CCD without replicating the centre point for k=3, 4, 5 and 6 number of factors is the main focus. The interest is to evaluate the performance of the CCD with respect to the stability, small prediction variance and prediction capability, when replication is at other points away from the centre of the design. The variance dispersion graphs and fraction of design space plots are the two graphical techniques used while D- and G-efficiencies are the single-value optimality criteria utilized in the assessment. The results show that replicating the star portions of the CCD considerably reduces the prediction variance, thereby improving the G-efficiency in the spherical region and, therefore, recommended for prediction with precision and with smaller number of runs than replicating the cube. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	axial distance; centre point; cube; fraction of design space plots; scaled prediction variance; spherical region; variance dispersion graphs	Design; Dispersions; Geometry; Spheres; Stars; Axial distance; centre point; cube; Fraction of design space plots; Scaled Prediction Variance; spherical region; Variance dispersion graph; Forecasting	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893601456	Speciation of [PtIVCl6nBrn]2- (n = 0-6) and some of their mono-aquated [PtIVCl5-nBr n(H2O)]- (n = 0-5) anions in solution at low concentrations by means of ion-pairing reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ion	Van Wyk P.-H., Van Dyk J.B., Gerber W.J., Stander M., De Villiers A., Koch K.R.	2014	Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry	28	5	10.1002/rcm.6798	Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Central Analytical Facility, Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Van Wyk, P.-H., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Van Dyk, J.B., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Gerber, W.J., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Stander, M., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa, Central Analytical Facility, Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; De Villiers, A., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Koch, K.R., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	RATIONALE The speciation of the purely inorganic [PtCl6-nBr n]2- (n = 0-6) anions and their corresponding mono-aquated [PtCl5-nBrn(H2O)]- (n = 0-5) anions is of considerable importance to the precious metal refining and recycling industry, to ensure optimum recovery and separation efficiencies. Speciation of platinum complexes present in precursor solutions used for the preparation of precious metal nano-crystals of defined size and morphology appears also to be important. The various possible PtIV complex anions in dilute aqueous can be characterized using ion-pairing reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-Q-TOFMS). METHODS Ion-pairing reversed-phase ultra-high-performance LC separation of the PtIV complex anions present in aqueous solutions prior to detection by means of high-resolution ESI-Q-TOFMS using a low ESI source cone voltage (5 V) allows for the clear identification of all the platinum complexes from the characteristic pattern of fragment ions (m/z), presumably generated by 'reductive conversion' in the ESI source of the mass spectrometer. Sufficient chromatographic resolution for the series of PtIV complexes is achieved using the (n-butyl) 3NH+ ion generated in a formic acid/water/methanol (pH ~3.5) mobile phase. This mobile phase composition facilitates a low-background for optimal ESI-Q-TOFMS detection with enhanced sensitivity. RESULTS Direct-infusion mass spectrometry of the inorganic platinum complexes in aqueous solution is impractical due to their low volatility, but more importantly as a result of the very extensive series of fragment ions generated in the ESI source, which leads to virtually uninterpretable mass spectra. However, with prior separation, and by using low ESI cone voltages (5 V), the mass spectra of the separated analyte ions show simpler and systematic fragmentation patterns [PtIVX5]- → [PtIIIX 4]- → [PtIIX3]- → [PtIX2]- (X = Cl- and Br -), resulting in clear assignments. This methodology facilitates the characterization of the partially aquated [PtCl5-nBr n(H2O)]- (n = 0-5) anions derived from the homo- and heteroleptic [PtCl6-nBrn]2- (n = 0-6) anions, in equilibrated solutions at low concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Speciation of homo- and heteroleptic [PtCl6-nBrn]2- (n = 0-6) anions, together with some of their partially aquated [PtCl 5-nBrn(H2O)]- (n = 0-5) species in dilute solution, can successfully be carried out by means of prior ion-pairing reversed-phase LC separation coupled to high-resolution ESI-Q-TOFMS at low ESI cone-voltage settings. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84885909949	Life history does matter in assessing potential ecological impacts of thermal changes on aquatic macroinvertebrates	Rivers-Moore N.A., Dallas H.F., Ross-Gillespie V.	2013	River Research and Applications	29	9	10.1002/rra.2600	Discipline of Hydrology, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa; Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; Freshwater Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa	Rivers-Moore, N.A., Discipline of Hydrology, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa; Dallas, H.F., Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; Ross-Gillespie, V., Freshwater Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa	Thermal alteration is associated with ecological change in freshwater systems. Global climate change is likely to amplify thermal stresses on aquatic systems. We used cumulative daily heat units to examine potential impacts of temperature changes on selected aquatic organisms using scenario analyses. We selected two species of aquatic macroinvertebrates to test our hypotheses of thermal effects on life history pattern, viz. a univoltine stenothermic ephemeropteran species of conservation importance, and a multivoltine dipteran pest species. A combination of spreadsheet probability and logistic regression models was used to model probabilities of hatching and breeding success, plus population sizes and generation numbers per month, under current and projected 2°C warmer water temperature scenarios. We propose that cold-adapted Gondwanaland relic species are likely to become increasingly vulnerable and range limited, whereas multivoltine pest species are likely to become more abundant under scenarios of increased water temperatures. We propose management options that include maintaining river connectivity and dam re-operation as potential mitigation measures. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Climate change; Lestagella penicillata; Multivoltine; Simulium chutteri; Univoltine	climate change; climate effect; ecological impact; global climate; hatching; insect; life history; macroinvertebrate; reproductive success; Diptera; Ephemeroptera; Penicillata; Simulium chutteri	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900853903	Subtitles and eye tracking: Reading and performance	Kruger J.-L., Steyn F.	2014	Reading Research Quarterly	49	1	10.1002/rrq.59	School of Languages, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa; Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Statistical Consultation Services, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Kruger, J.-L., School of Languages, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Steyn, F., Statistical Consultation Services, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	This article presents an experimental study to investigate whether subtitle reading has a positive impact on academic performance. In the absence of reliable indexes of reading behavior in dynamic texts, the article first formulates and validates an index to measure the reading of text, such as subtitles on film. Eye-tracking measures (fixations and saccades) are expressed as functions of the number of standard words and word length and provide a reliable index of reading behavior of subtitles over extended audiovisual texts. By providing a robust index of reading over dynamic texts, this article lays the foundation for future studies combining behavioral measures and performance measures in fields such as media psychology, educational psychology, multimedia design, and audiovisual translation. The article then utilizes this index to correlate the degree to which subtitles are read and the performance of students who were exposed to the subtitles in a comprehension test. It is found that a significant positive correlation is obtained between comprehension and subtitle reading for the sample, providing some evidence in favor of using subtitles in reading instruction and language learning. The study, which was conducted in the context of English subtitles on academic lectures delivered in English, further seems to indicate that the number of words and the number of lines do not play as big a role in the processing of subtitles as previously thought but that attention distribution across different redundant sources of information results in the partial processing of subtitles. © 2013 International Reading Association.	None	None	None
WoS	WOS:000248879800001	Predicted impact of HIV/AIDS on improved fallow adoption and rural household food security in Malawi	Hildebrand, P. E.,Kwesigal, F.,Thangata, P. H.	2007	SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT	15	4	10.1002/sd.323	Florida State University System, University of Florida, Forum Agr Res Agr Res Africa FARA, SADC Secretariat	None	Research was conducted to assess the impact of HIV/AIDS on improved fallow adoption and rural household food security in Malawi. An ethnographic linear programming model was created for a representative household with three scenarios: no illness, adult female illness and adult male illness. Results show that the impact of HIV/AIDS on food production depends on the patient's gender. If a male head of household is sick and later dies, available field labour is reduced as family members are expected to care for him and, consequently, less food and cash crops are produced, which creates a food insecure household. However, when a woman is sick and later dies, the effect on male labour is not as great, as males are not care-givers. We conclude that in an HIV/AIDS environment, agroforestry adoption is more feasible in households in which available labour is undisrupted for longer periods of time. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.	Africa,AGROFORESTRY,HIV/AIDS,"IMPROVED FALLOWS",MALAWI,"Rural food security",SMALLHOLDER,AGROFORESTRY,CONSERVATION,FARMERS,HIGHLANDS,PROGRAMS,SOIL,TANZANIA	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350149861	Sustainable production and the performance of South African entrepreneurs in a global supply chain. The case of South African table grape producers	Ras P.J., Vermeulen W.J.V.	2009	Sustainable Development	17	5	10.1002/sd.427	Department of Management and Entrepreneurship, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa; Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, Utrecht University, Netherlands	Ras, P.J., Department of Management and Entrepreneurship, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa; Vermeulen, W.J.V., Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, Utrecht University, Netherlands	Global trade is strongly growing and becoming connected to the issue of sustainable development in business practices. In recent years this has resulted in businesses on the demand side formulating sets of requirements for suppliers on their performance on corporate social responsibility and sustainable production. In doing this, value systems of the industrialized world are forwarded towards developing countries. It is seen as a way to complement poor sustainability policies on practices in these countries. This relatively new phenomenon of promoting sustainable development through market interactions is quite remarkable. Why would economic actors take up such public interests (abating environmental degradation and social injustice)? From the perspective of developing countries on the supply side of global value chains, being able to commit to such business-to-business standards requires developing world producers to possess certain qualities and capacities. This article reflects on this issue, identifying essential capacities, drawn from literature on (sustainable) entrepreneurship. It develops a model explaining business performance with characteristics of entrepreneurship. The model is tested in practice using data on exporters of table grapes in South Africa. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.	Economic sustainability; Entrepreneurship; Global supply chain; Sustainability	agricultural market; developing world; entrepreneur; export; fruit production; global trade; industrial performance; sustainability; sustainable development; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Vitaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646249415	Performance of hardcoded finite automata	Ngassam E.K., Kourie D.G., Watson B.W.	2006	Software - Practice and Experience	36	5	10.1002/spe.708	School of Computing, University of South Africa, Pretoria 0003, South Africa; Fastar Research Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; School of Computing, University of South Africa, UNISA, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria 0003, South Africa	Ngassam, E.K., School of Computing, University of South Africa, Pretoria 0003, South Africa, School of Computing, University of South Africa, UNISA, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria 0003, South Africa; Kourie, D.G., Fastar Research Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Watson, B.W., Fastar Research Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	We study the performance of a hardcoded algorithm for recognizing strings of a finite automaton's language and compare it with the use of the more conventional table-driven algorithm. In both cases, performance depends on the finite automaton's dimensions such as alphabet size and the number of states. However, the respective processing mechanisms that influence the performance, in particular cache memory usage, depend on the details of the processor's underlying architecture. In the hardcoded case, the automaton's dimensions determine the size of the code which is, in turn, the primary determinant of the way in which cache memory is used. In the table-driven case, cache memory usage is primarily determined by the way in which portions of the transition table are stored in it. Using statistical regression analysis, we provide multivariate equations to model the observed time efficiency of both methods. The equations obtained are cross-compared and conclusions are drawn. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Cache memory; Finite automata; Hardcoding; Performance; Regression analysis	Algorithms; Cache memory; Codes (symbols); Computer architecture; Information technology; Regression analysis; Statistical methods; Hardcoding; Multivariate equations; Processing mechanisms; Table-driven algorithms; Finite automata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84935748546	Evaluation of new cassava varieties for adhesive properties	John Olusola A., Babatunde Adebiyi O., Riyaad K.	2015	Starch/Staerke	67	08-Jul	10.1002/star.201400239	Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago; Department of Food Science and Technology, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria	John Olusola, A., Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, Department of Food Science and Technology, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria; Babatunde Adebiyi, O., Department of Food Science and Technology, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria; Riyaad, K., Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago	Cassava varieties: Red stick, Butter stick, Maracas Black stick, and M Col 22 were evaluated for pulp yield, starch yield, amylose, and protein contents in a screening exercise of new cassava varieties. Starch content of the tubers was determined. Starch was extracted from freshly harvested nine-month-old tubers using standard method. The starch paste was air dried before final drying at 50°C for 8-h in an oven. Amylose and protein contents of the starch were determined by approved methods. Adhesive was made by heating 10% starch slurry in 0.1-M KOH solution to 70 and 80°C, respectively. Color, pH, viscosities, adhesive force, adhesiveness, stickiness, and storage properties of the adhesives were determined. Pulp yields (74.1-83.1%), starch yields (11.8-20.3%); starch amylose (23.5-26.5%) and protein contents (0.34-0.82%) of cassava tubers differed. Also peak viscosity (297-393 RVU), breakdown viscosity (195-263 RVU), and set back viscosity (43-52 RVU) of the starches were significantly different. Similarly the adhesive force (-77 to -146 and adhesiveness (-1952-gs to -3075-gs) varied significantly. Adhesive from variety M Col 22 resolved into two fractions at two weeks of storage and completely broke down by week three. Pastes produced at 80°C were less viscous, had lower adhesiveness and adhesive force and were darker than pastes produced at 70°C. Storage reduced the adhesive force and adhesiveness of the adhesives. The adhesive pastes were alkaline (pH10.69-11.58). The Maracas Black Stick and Butter Stick varieties produced the best adhesives in terms of stickiness and resistance to degradation than the other two varieties. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.	Adhesive; Cassava; Properties; Starch	Adhesives; Alkalinity; Cyclodextrins; Plants (botany); Proteins; Screening; Starch; Viscosity; Adhesive properties; Breakdown viscosity; Cassava; Cassava varieties; Peak viscosities; Properties; Protein contents; Storage properties; Adhesive pastes; Manihot esculenta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-65249119293	Modelling a buffered impact damper system using a spring-damper model of impact	Lil K., Darby A.P.	2009	Structural Control and Health Monitoring	16	3	10.1002/stc.238	Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom	Lil, K., Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Darby, A.P., Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom	This paper presents a simple, practical method of modelling non-destructive impacts macroscopically, where the impact force and post-impact motion of the impacting bodies are of primary concern. The main focus is use of the model for simulating the dynamics of impact dampers used to control the response complex structures. A spring-damper pair is used to model the contact surface between the damper mass and the structure. The key to such a model is the ability to define the contact surface spring stiffness and damping parameters, which does not relate to simple mechanical properties under high-rate loading. A method is developed to derive these parameters by making use of experimentally measured coefficient of restitution and contact time of an impact. The model is able to represent contact force and elastic deformation during an impact process. A simple structure, controlled by an impact damper, is used to compare theoretical and experimental results and demonstrate the validity of the resulting spring-damper model. The results demonstrate that the spring-damper model can be effectively used in situations where the impulse-momentum model fails. © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Impact; Impulsive loads; Passive damping; Structural dynamics	Coefficient of restitutions; Contact forces; Contact surfaces; Contact time; Damper models; Damping parameters; High rates; Impact; Impact dampers; Impact forces; Impact process; Impulsive loads; Non-destructive; Passive damping; Practical methods; Response complexes; Simple structures; Spring stiffness; Automobile seats; Dynamics; Mechanical properties; Model structures; Stiffness; Structural dynamics; Damping	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650330818	Do export status and export intensity increase firm performance?	Abor J.	2011	Thunderbird International Business Review	53	1	10.1002/tie.20386	University of Ghana Business School, Legon; and Researcher, African Economic Research Consortium, Ghana	Abor, J., University of Ghana Business School, Legon; and Researcher, African Economic Research Consortium, Ghana	This study examines the effects of export status and export intensity on the performance of firms in Ghana. Our measures of performance include productivity and profitability. Using the Regional Project on Enterprise Development (RPED) dataset covering the period 1991-2002, the results of this study indicate that export status and export intensity have positive effects on productivity, confirming the learning-by-exporting hypothesis. Competition on the international market exposes exporting firms to new technologies, and this has the potential of increasing their productivity. Thus, economic policy initiatives should be directed at encouraging firms to enter the export market. Existing exporters should also be motivated to intensify their exporting efforts by exporting more of their output to foreign markets. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879477200	Evaluating the Environmental Impacts of Poultry Farming on Stream Water Quality: A Study From Abeokuta, Nigeria: Balancing farming practices and environmental protection to promote human health	Taiwo A.M., Arowolo T.A., Adekunle I.M., Adetunji M.T.	2013	Environmental Quality Management	22	4	10.1002/tqem.21344	Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Soil Science and Soil Management, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Taiwo, A.M., Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Arowolo, T.A., Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Adekunle, I.M., Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Adetunji, M.T., Department of Soil Science and Soil Management, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	[No abstract available]	None	environmental impact; environmental impact assessment; environmental protection; farming system; health care; poultry; river water; stream; water quality; Abeokuta; Nigeria; Ogun	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33645385128	Clonal evaluation of vegetatively propagated half-node cuttings of Coffea canephora	Famaye A.O., Oloyede A.A., Ayegboyin K.O.	2006	Tropical Science	46	1	10.1002/ts.10	Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5244, Ibadan, Nigeria	Famaye, A.O., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5244, Ibadan, Nigeria; Oloyede, A.A., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5244, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ayegboyin, K.O., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5244, Ibadan, Nigeria	Of five high-yielding clones of robusta coffee, half-node cuttings of C36, C96, C108 and C111 sprouted, rooted and grew well. T1049 was markedly inferior, but the half-node technique could be used. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Clonal evaluation; Coffee; Cutting; Half-node; Robusta	Coffea canephora	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33748504355	Evaluation of four Musa hybrids in Ghana	Dzomeku B.M., Armo-Annor F., Adjei-Gwen K., Nkakwa A., Akyeampong E., Baning I.S.	2006	Tropical Science	46	3	10.1002/ts.174	Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; World Vision Ghana, Assin-Foso, Ghana; International Network for the Improvement of Bananas and Plantains, Douala, Cameroon	Dzomeku, B.M., Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Armo-Annor, F., World Vision Ghana, Assin-Foso, Ghana; Adjei-Gwen, K., World Vision Ghana, Assin-Foso, Ghana; Nkakwa, A., International Network for the Improvement of Bananas and Plantains, Douala, Cameroon; Akyeampong, E., International Network for the Improvement of Bananas and Plantains, Douala, Cameroon; Baning, I.S., Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana	In a survey of farmers' attitudes to four Musa hybrids, the majority (84%) considered them superior to the landraces in terms of plant establishment, plant growth, vigour and fruit yield. The hybrids had more green leaves at harvest, an added advantage as they provided shade for the young cocoa plants grown as an intercrop. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Banana; Farmers' attitudes; Hybrid; Musa; Plant performance; Plantain	Musa; Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845335195	Effect of β-xylanase supplementation of boiled castor seed meal-based diets on the performance, nutrient absorbability and some blood constituents of pullet chicks	Babalola T.O.O., Apata D.F., Atteh J.O.	2006	Tropical Science	46	4	10.1002/ts.181	Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Babalola, T.O.O., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Apata, D.F., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Atteh, J.O., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	β-xylanase addition improved apparent nitrogen and fibre absorption as well as feed transit time. Up to 150 g kg-1 boiled castor seed meal could be incorporated into pullet chick diets without any adverse effect on growth performance or blood constituents. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.	β-xylanase; Blood constituents; Castor seed meal; Growth; Nutrient absorbability; Pullet chicks	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845346476	Evaluation of cowpea accessions for the Southern Guinea savannah	Awopetu J.A., Aliyu O.M.	2006	Tropical Science	46	4	10.1002/ts.183	Department of Crop Production, University of Florin, Nigeria; Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5244, Ibadan, Nigeria	Awopetu, J.A., Department of Crop Production, University of Florin, Nigeria; Aliyu, O.M., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5244, Ibadan, Nigeria	Twenty-five accessions of cowpea of different origin were evaluated in Ilorin, in the Southern Guinea savannah of Nigeria. They showed variable adaptation in terms of flowering time, leaves at flowering, pattern of branching, yield capabilities and time of maturity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Adaptation; Breeding; Cowpea accessions; Savannah ecology	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-40149111538	Milk production and reproductive performance of Sahiwal cattle in semi-arid Kenya	Ilatsia E.D., Muasya T.K., Muhuyi W.B., Kahi A.K.	2007	Tropical Science	47	3	10.1002/ts.205	Animal Genetic Resources Group, National Animal Husbandry Research Centre, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Naivasha, Kenya; National Beef Research Centre, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Nakuru, Kenya; Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Egerton University, PO Box 536, Egerton 20115, Kenya	Ilatsia, E.D., Animal Genetic Resources Group, National Animal Husbandry Research Centre, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Naivasha, Kenya; Muasya, T.K., Animal Genetic Resources Group, National Animal Husbandry Research Centre, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Naivasha, Kenya; Muhuyi, W.B., National Beef Research Centre, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Nakuru, Kenya; Kahi, A.K., Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Egerton University, PO Box 536, Egerton 20115, Kenya	The aim of this study was to evaluate milk production and reproductive performance of Sahiwal cattle in semi-arid Kenya. Milk production traits considered were lactation milk yield, lactation length and test-day milk yield, while reproductive traits included age at first calving, calving interval and number of services per conception. Various fixed effects affected performance of milk production and reproductive traits to varying significance levels. The mean estimates for milk production traits were 1368 kg, 282 days and 4.9 kg for lactation milk yield, lactation length and test-day milk yield, respectively. For reproductive traits, mean estimates were 468 days, 2.2 and 1345 days for calving interval, number of services per conception and age at first calving, respectively. There was a decline in lactation milk yield and lactation length, and an increase in calving interval and age at first calving over the years. Satisfactory management and appropriate genetic improvement strategies would result in improved performance. Implications of the results for genetic improvement of the breed in Kenya are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Kenya; Milk production; Reproduction; Sahiwal cattle	Bos	None
None	None	On-farm evaluation of methods for storing fresh sweet potato roots in East Africa	Tomlins K., Ndunguru G., Kimenya F., Ngendello T., Rwiza E., Amour R., Van Oirschot Q., Westby A.	2007	Tropical Science	47	4	10.1002/ts.214	Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Central Avenue, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Lake Zone Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Mwanza, Tanzania	Tomlins, K., Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Central Avenue, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; Ndunguru, G., Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Kimenya, F., Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Ngendello, T., Lake Zone Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Mwanza, Tanzania; Rwiza, E., Lake Zone Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Mwanza, Tanzania; Amour, R., Lake Zone Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Mwanza, Tanzania; Van Oirschot, Q., Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Central Avenue, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; Westby, A., Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Central Avenue, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom	Methods for sweet potato storage, previously developed at a research station, were tested on-farm by subsistence farmers in Lake Zone, Tanzania. On-farm testing confirmed that the methods were suitable but indicated that practical and simple improvements were necessary, without which losses in the proportion of market-quality roots from the store could be as high as 79%. These practical improvements were mainly concerned with the position of stores on the farms. The addition of a new step, dehaulming, improved the recovery of market-quality roots by 48%. However, although the storage methods were developed in order to improve farmer income, most farmers said they would use the stored roots as a subsistence staple for household food security. Variations among the farmers in their attitudes to storing sweet potato suggest that, when transferring methods from the research station to the farm, it is necessary to target those most able to adopt the approach. Additionally, the farmers considered that local market traders may not be keen to sell stored roots. Therefore, other actors in the value chain, such as market traders and consumers, ought to be included in the process of transferring methods from the research station to the farm. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	East Africa; Farmer participation; Heap; Ipomoea batatas; On-farm; Pit; Storage; Sweet potato; Tanzania	Ipomoea batatas	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-22344457990	Evaluation of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes for multiple resistance to angular and floury leaf spot diseases	Lemessa F., Tesfaye A.	2005	Tropical Science	45	2	10.1002/ts.50	Department of Plant Sciences and Horticulture, Jimma University College of Agriculture, POBox 307, Jimma, Ethiopia; Jimma Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia; Institute for Biological Control, Heinrichstrasse 243, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany	Lemessa, F., Department of Plant Sciences and Horticulture, Jimma University College of Agriculture, POBox 307, Jimma, Ethiopia, Institute for Biological Control, Heinrichstrasse 243, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany; Tesfaye, A., Jimma Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia	Angular leaf spot and floury leaf spot are the major bean diseases in hot and humid parts of Ethiopia. Of 70 genotypes evaluated, EMP-233, EMP-212, G-10843 and Dicta-65 were consistently resistant to both diseases and the first three were also high yielding. For angular leaf spot, disease severity was positively correlated with seed size and 100-seed weight.	Bean; Leaf spot; Multiple resistance; Phaseolus vulgaris	Phaseolus vulgaris	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745586289	Performance of sorghum/soyabean mixtures at varying planting arrangements and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer rates in the Northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria	Haruna I.M., Rahman S.A., Alhassan U.	2006	Tropical Science	46	2	10.1002/ts.62	Department of Basic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, PMB 135, Lafia, Nigeria	Haruna, I.M., Department of Basic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; Rahman, S.A., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, PMB 135, Lafia, Nigeria; Alhassan, U., Department of Basic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria	Sorghum/soyabean intercrops were more effective and gave a better economic return with alternate row arrangement and the application of 100 kg N/ha and 13.2 kg P/ha. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Fertilizer rates; Nigeria; Planting arrangements; Sorghum/soyabean mixture	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33748498933	Distribution of two Striga species and their relative impact on local and resistant sorghum cultivars in East Ethiopia	Hussien T.	2006	Tropical Science	46	3	10.1002/ts.70	Department of Plant Sciences, Alemaya University, PO Box 165, Ethiopia	Hussien, T., Department of Plant Sciences, Alemaya University, PO Box 165, Ethiopia	In five districts of east Ethiopia, only Striga hermonthica was identified in sorghum fields in three districts, and only S. asiatica in two. When the Striga-resistant sorghum variety Gubiye/P9401 was grown there was indicated scanty occurrence of Striga (1 to 4/m2), whereas local varieties showed 133 to 288/m2. Such severe infestation of the local cultivars with Striga resulted in drastic yield reductions of sorghum. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.	East Ethiopia; Soil types; Sorghum; Striga occurrence	Striga; Striga asiatica; Striga hermonthica	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-46949088777	Formulation and properties' evaluation of PVC/(dioctyl phthalate)/ (epoxidized rubber seed oil) plastigels	Balköse D., Egbuchunam T.O., Okieimen F.E.	2008	Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology	14	2	10.1002/vnl.20142	Department of Chemical Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Gulbahcekoyu, Urla-lzmir, Turkey; Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Warri, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Centre for Biomaterials Research, University of Benin, Benin City,	Balköse, D., Department of Chemical Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Gulbahcekoyu, Urla-lzmir, Turkey; Egbuchunam, T.O., Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Warri, Nigeria; Okieimen, F.E., Department of Chemistry, Centre for Biomaterials Research, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Epoxidized rubber seed oil (4.5% oxirane content, ERSO) was prepared by treating the oil with peracetic acid generated in situ by reacting glacial acetic acid with hydrogen peroxide. The thermal behavior of the ERSO was determined by differential scanning calorimetry. The effect of the epoxidized oil on the thermal stability of poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastigels, formulated to contain dioctyl phthalate (DOP) plasticizer and various amounts of the epoxidized oil, was evaluated by using discoloration indices of the polymer samples degraded at 1600C for 30 min and thermogravimetry at a constant heating rate of 10°C/min up to 600°C. The thermal behavior of the ERSO was characterized by endothermic peaks at about 150°C, which were attributed to the formation of network structures via epoxide groups, and at temperatures above 300°C, which were due to the decomposition of the material. Up to 50% of the DOP plasticizer in the PVC plastisol formulation could be substituted by ERSO without a marked deleterious effect on the consistency of the plastigel formed. In the presence of the epoxidized oil, PVC plastigel samples showed a marked reduction in discoloration and the number of conjugated double bonds, as well as high temperatures for the attainment of specific extents of degradation. These results showed that the ERSO retarded/inhibited thermal dehydrochlorination and the formation of long (n > 6) polyene sequences in PVC plastigels. The plasticizer efficiency/permanence of ERSO in PVC/DOP plastigels was evaluated from mechanical properties' measurements, leaching/migration tests, and water vapor permeability studies. The results showed that a large proportion of DOP could be substituted by ERSO in a PVC plastisol formulation without deleterious effects on the properties of the plastigels. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers.	None	Acetic acid; Agricultural products; Differential scanning calorimetry; Discoloration; Esters; Fatty acids; Gravimetric analysis; Hydrogen; Hydrogen peroxide; Laser interferometry; Mechanical permeability; Mechanical properties; Offshore oil well production; Oil well production; Oils and fats; Organic compounds; Organic polymers; Photoacoustic effect; Plasticizers; Plastisols; Polymers; Polyvinyl chlorides; Reaction kinetics; Reinforced plastics; Rubber; Seed; Sulfate minerals; Thermodynamic stability; Water vapor; (p ,p ,t) measurements; (PL) properties; Conjugated double bonds; Constant heating rate; Dehydrochlorination; Deleterious effects; Dioctyl phthalate (DOP); Endothermic peaks; Epoxide groups; Glacial acetic acid (HAc); High temperature (HT); In-situ; Network structures; Oxirane; Peracetic acid (PAA); Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC); Polyene sequences; Polymer samples; Rubber seed oil (RSO); Scanning calorimetry; thermal stability; Water vapor permeability (WVP); Plastic products	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84906253269	Climate change impacts and adaptation in South Africa	Ziervogel G., New M., Archer van Garderen E., Midgley G., Taylor A., Hamann R., Stuart-Hill S., Myers J., Warburton M.	2014	Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change	5	5	10.1002/wcc.295	Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; African Climate and Development Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; CSIR/School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Pretoria, South Africa; South African National Botanical Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Cape Town, South Africa; African Centre for Cities, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Graduate School of Business, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; School for Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South Africa; School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; School for Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South Africa	Ziervogel, G., Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; New, M., African Climate and Development Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Archer van Garderen, E., CSIR/School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Pretoria, South Africa; Midgley, G., South African National Botanical Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Cape Town, South Africa; Taylor, A., African Centre for Cities, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Hamann, R., Graduate School of Business, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Stuart-Hill, S., School for Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South Africa; Myers, J., School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Warburton, M., School for Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South Africa	In this paper we review current approaches and recent advances in research on climate impacts and adaptation in South Africa. South Africa has a well-developed earth system science research program that underpins the climate change scenarios developed for the southern African region. Established research on the biophysical impacts of climate change on key sectors (water, agriculture, and biodiversity) integrates the climate change scenarios but further research is needed in a number of areas, such as the climate impacts on cities and the built environment. National government has developed a National Climate Change Response White Paper, but this has yet to translate into policy that mainstreams adaptation in everyday practice and longer-term planning in all spheres and levels of government. A national process to scope long-term adaptation scenarios is underway, focusing on cross-sectoral linkages in adaptation responses at a national level. Adaptation responses are emerging in certain sectors. Some notable city-scale and project-based adaptation responses have been implemented, but institutional challenges persist. In addition, a number of knowledge gaps remain in relation to the biophysical and socio-economic impacts of climate change. A particular need is to develop South Africa's capacity to undertake integrated assessments of climate change that can support climate-resilient development planning. © 2014 The Authors. WIREs Climate Change published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	None	adaptive management; climate change; environmental planning; environmental policy; socioeconomic impact; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960963180	Evaluation of two milk replacers fed to hand-reared cheetah cubs (Acinonyx jubatus): Nutrient composition, apparent total tract digestibility, and comparison to maternal cheetah milk	Bell K.M., Rutherfurd S.M., Cottam Y.H., Hendriks W.H.	2011	Zoo Biology	30	4	10.1002/zoo.20344	Cheetah Outreach Trust, Cape Town, Western Cape Province, South Africa; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Ecology Group, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Science, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands	Bell, K.M., Cheetah Outreach Trust, Cape Town, Western Cape Province, South Africa; Rutherfurd, S.M., Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Cottam, Y.H., Ecology Group, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Hendriks, W.H., Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Science, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands	Commercially prepared milk replacers are frequently used to provide the sole source of nutrition for hand-reared cheetah cubs (Acinonyx jubatus). The nutrient composition of two commonly used milk replacers was determined. Using titanium dioxide as an indigestible marker, nutrient digestibility was calculated from the analyses of fecal samples collected from each cub (n = 4 on formula 1, and n = 2 on formula 2). Mean apparent total tract digestibility for both formulas was &gt;90% for all nutrients analyzed (crude protein, amino acids, crude fat (CF), and dry matter). However, the total CF content and the concentration of the essential fatty acids, such as α-linolenic, linolenic, and arachidonic acid, of both formulas was lower than reported for maternal cheetah milk. Additionally, one formula contained a comparatively high amount of carbohydrate, at the expense of protein. Although data were lacking for cheetah maternal milk, comparison with domestic cat milk revealed high concentrations of a number of minerals (K, Fe, Zn, and Cu), while vitamin D 3 was not detected in one formula. Both formulas were low in the majority of essential amino acids compared with domestic cat maternal milk. Despite their apparently high digestibility, neither formula was complete or balanced in terms of nutrient concentrations and ratios when maternal cheetah milk and/or the requirements established for growth in domestic cats were used as estimates of ideal. On this basis, although all cubs in this study were healthy and maintained good body conditions for the duration of the trial, the results of dietary analyses indicate that these milk replacers may not provide optimal nutrition for growth in cheetah cubs when used for extended periods. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc..	Diet; Felid; Formula; Nutrition	animal; animal disease; animal food; animal husbandry; article; cattle; cheetah; chemistry; diet; digestion; elemental diet; feces; methodology; milk; nutritional value; physiology; zoo animal; Acinonyx; Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Animals, Zoo; Cattle; Diet; Digestion; Feces; Food, Formulated; Milk; Nutritive Value; Acinonyx jubatus; Felidae; Felis catus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-51149092100	Evaluation of registry data removal by shredder programs	Velupillai H., Mokhonoana P.	2008	IFIP International Federation for Information Processing	285	None	10.1007/978-0-387-84927-0_5	Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa	Velupillai, H., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa; Mokhonoana, P., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa	Shredder programs attempt to overcome Window's inherent inability to erase data completely. A shredder is useful when one needs to transfer ownership or dispose of a computer, but it can be exploited by a suspect for the purpose of wiping incriminating evidence. Most shredder programs claim to remove all traces of data. This paper examines these claims by conducting forensic examinations of computers on which shredder programs were used. © 2008 International Federation for Information Processing.	Data removal; Shredder tools; Windows Registry	Forensic examinations; Transfer ownerships; Windows registry; Forensic examinations; Transfer ownerships; Windows registry; Computer forensics; Computer forensics; Information technology	None
WoS	WOS:000280964800005	Free Primary Education in Kenya: An Impact Evaluation Using Propensity Score Methods	COCKBURN, J,KabuboMariara, J,Mueni, Esther,Muyanga, Milu,Olwande, John,Wambugu, Stella	2010	CHILD WELFARE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES	None	None	10.1007/978-1-4419-6275-1_5	Egerton University	"Muyanga, Milu: Egerton University","Olwande, John: Egerton University","Wambugu, Stella: Egerton University"	This chapter attempts to evaluate the impact of the free primary education programme in Kenya, which is based on the premise that government intervention can lead to enhanced access to education especially by children from poor parental backgrounds. Primary education system in Kenya has been characterized by high wastage in form of low enrolment, high drop-out rates, grade repetition as well as poor transition from primary to secondary schools. This scenario was attributed to high cost of primary education. To reverse these poor trends in educational achievements, the government initiated free primary education programme in January 2003. This chapter therefore analyzes the impact of the FPE programme using panel data. Results indicate primary school enrolment rate has improved especially for children hailing from higher income categories; an indication that factors that prevent children from poor backgrounds from attending primary school go beyond the inability to pay school fees. Grade progression in primary schools has slightly dwindled. The results also indicate that there still exist constraints hindering children from poorer households from transiting to secondary school. The free primary education programme was found to be progressive, with the relatively poorer households drawing more benefits from the subsidy.	"benefit incidence analysis",KENYA,"PRIMARY EDUCATION","programme evaluation","PROPENSITY SCORE",ESTIMATORS,PROGRAMS	None	None
None	None	Immune system modulation by helminth infections: Potential impact on HIV transmission and disease progression	Chachage M., Geldmacher C.	2014	Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology	828	None	10.1007/978-1-4939-1489-0_6	Department of Cellular Immunology, National Institute for Medical Research-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (NIMR-MMRC), Hospital Hill road, Mbeya, Tanzania; Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical center of the University of Munish (LMU), Munich, Germany	Chachage, M., Department of Cellular Immunology, National Institute for Medical Research-Mbeya Medical Research Centre (NIMR-MMRC), Hospital Hill road, Mbeya, Tanzania; Geldmacher, C., Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical center of the University of Munish (LMU), Munich, Germany	[No abstract available]	None	albendazole; CD14 antigen; CD38 antigen; chemokine receptor CCR5; immunoglobulin E; interleukin 13; interleukin 17; interleukin 4; interleukin 5; RANTES; soil; Article; ascariasis; Ascaris lumbricoides; CD4 lymphocyte count; CD8+ T lymphocyte; cost effectiveness analysis; cytokine production; cytokine response; disease course; disease predisposition; eosinophilia; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunomodulation; immunostimulation; in vitro study; in vivo study; incidence; infection risk; microbial translocation; microbiological phenomena and functions; nonhuman; pathogenesis; phylogeny; political system; prevalence; priority journal; Schistosoma hematobium; Schistosoma mansoni; schistosomiasis haematobia; schistosomiasis mansoni; sequence analysis; signal transduction; trichuriasis; Trichuris trichiura; virus load; virus replication; virus transmission; animal; bacterial translocation; CD4+ T lymphocyte; helminthiasis; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunology; parasitology; soil; transmission; Vermes; Animals; Bacterial Translocation; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Disease Progression; Disease Susceptibility; Helminthiasis; HIV Infections; Humans; Soil	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919359601	Evaluation of optimal control-based deformable registration model	Matjelo N.J., Nicolls F., Muller N.	2015	Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering	312	None	10.1007/978-3-319-06764-3_15	Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; iThemba Laboratory for Accelerator Based Science, National Research Foundation, P. O. Box 722Somerset, West, South Africa	Matjelo, N.J., Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Nicolls, F., Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Muller, N., iThemba Laboratory for Accelerator Based Science, National Research Foundation, P. O. Box 722Somerset, West, South Africa	This paper presents an evaluation of an optimal control-based deformable image registration model and compares it to four well-known variational-based models, namely, elastic, fluid, diffusion and curvature models. Using similarity and deformation quality measures as performance indices, Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) is applied to approximate Pareto Fronts for each model to facilitate proper evaluation. The Pareto Fronts are also visualized using Level diagrams. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.	Deformable image registration; Level diagrams; NSGA-II; Pareto Fronts; Quality measure; Similarity measure	Deformation; Genetic algorithms; Image registration; Deformable image registration; Level diagrams; NSGA-II; Pareto front; Quality measures; Similarity measure; Quality control	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84912023130	Performance improvement by scheduling techniques: A case of leather industry development institute	Habib A., Jilcha K., Berhan E.	2015	Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing	334	None	10.1007/978-3-319-13572-4_21	Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Habib, A., Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Jilcha, K., Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Berhan, E., Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	The model leather products manufacturing factory of leather industry development institute (LIDI) suffers from poor performances due to various problems. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to improve the performance of the case company using scheduling techniques. Proper scheduling technique can result in dramatic improvements in layout, utilization, idle time, make span and tardiness reduction. The existing company performance and various another scenarios were analyzed by using different sequencing rules plus Johnson’s and Campbell’s algorithms. The analysis and discussion showed that the feasible scheduling was of flow shop and while product layout was seen most preferable that result in reduction of machine idle time &amp; make span by 3.00 &amp; 4.33 hours respectively. Total flow time was reduced by 82.9% and machine utilization was improved by 16.15% when compared with existing layout. Through production lines 1 or 2 of scenario-2 with the sequence of J1, J2, J3, J4 and J5, the company should make possible arrangements for such improvements. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.	Leather industry; Make-span; Manufacturing; Performance; Scheduling	Leather; Manufacture; Company performance; Leather industries; Machine utilization; Make-span; Manufacturing factories; Performance; Poor performance; Scheduling techniques; Scheduling	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928267085	Economic impacts of future changes in the energy system—global perspectives	Glynn J., Fortes P., Krook-Riekkola A., Labriet M., Vielle M., Kypreos S., Lehtilä A., Mischke P., Dai H., Gargiulo M., Helgesen P.I., Kober T., Summerton P., Merven B., Selosse S., Karlsson K., Strachan N., Gallachóirn B.Ó.	2015	Lecture Notes in Energy	30	None	10.1007/978-3-319-16540-0_19	Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; CENSE, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Business Administration, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden; Eneris Environment Energy Consultants, Madrid, Spain; Ecole Polytechnique de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland; Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; National Institute of Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan; Energy Engineering Economic Environment Systems Modelling and Analysis, Turin, Italy; Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), Policy Studies Department, Petten, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Cambridge Econometrics, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Centre de Mathématicues Appliquèes, MINES ParisTech, Paris, France; Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Energy Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom	Glynn, J., Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Fortes, P., CENSE, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Krook-Riekkola, A., Department of Business Administration, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden; Labriet, M., Eneris Environment Energy Consultants, Madrid, Spain; Vielle, M., Ecole Polytechnique de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Kypreos, S., Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland; Lehtilä, A., VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland; Mischke, P., Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; Dai, H., National Institute of Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan; Gargiulo, M., Energy Engineering Economic Environment Systems Modelling and Analysis, Turin, Italy; Helgesen, P.I., Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Kober, T., Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), Policy Studies Department, Petten, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Summerton, P., Cambridge Econometrics, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Merven, B., Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Selosse, S., Centre de Mathématicues Appliquèes, MINES ParisTech, Paris, France; Karlsson, K., Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark, Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Strachan, N., Energy Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Gallachóirn, B.Ó., Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland	In a climate constrained future, hybrid energy-economy model coupling gives additional insight into interregional competition, trade, industrial delocalisation and overall macroeconomic consequences of decarbonising the energy system. Decarbonising the energy system is critical in mitigating climate change. This chapter summarises modelling methodologies developed in the ETSAP community to assess economic impacts of decarbonising energy systems at a global level. The next chapter of this book focuses on a national perspective. The range of economic impacts is regionally dependent upon the stage of economic development, the level of industrialisation, energy intensity of exports, and competition effects due to rates of relative decarbonisation. Developed nation’s decarbonisation targets are estimated to result in a manageable GDP loss in the region of 2 % by 2050. Energy intensive export driven developing countries such as China and India, and fossil fuel exporting nations can expect significantly higher GDP loss of up to 5 % GDP per year by mid-century. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.	None	Civil aviation; Climate change; Climate models; Competition; Decarbonization; Developing countries; Economic and social effects; Economics; China and India; Competition effects; Economic development; Economic impacts; Energy intensity; Global perspective; Industrialisation; Modelling methodology; Industrial economics	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928229180	Economic impacts of future changes in the energy system—national perspectives	Glynn J., Fortes P., Krook-Riekkola A., Labriet M., Vielle M., Kypreos S., Lehtilä A., Mischke P., Dai H., Gargiulo M., Helgesen P.I., Kober T., Summerton P., Merven B., Selosse S., Karlsson K., Strachan N., Gallachóirn B.Ó.	2015	Lecture Notes in Energy	30	None	10.1007/978-3-319-16540-0_20	Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; CENSE, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Business Administration, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden; Eneris Environment Energy Consultants, Madrid, Spain; Ecole Polytechnique de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland; Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; National Institute of Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan; Energy Engineering Economic Environment Systems Modelling and Analysis (E4SMA s.r.l.), Turin, Italy; Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), Policy Studies Department, Petten, Netherlands; Cambridge Econometrics, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Centre de Mathématicues Appliquèes, MINES ParisTech, Paris, France; Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Energy Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom	Glynn, J., Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Fortes, P., CENSE, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Krook-Riekkola, A., Department of Business Administration, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden; Labriet, M., Eneris Environment Energy Consultants, Madrid, Spain; Vielle, M., Ecole Polytechnique de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Kypreos, S., Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland; Lehtilä, A., VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland; Mischke, P., Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Dai, H., National Institute of Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan; Gargiulo, M., Energy Engineering Economic Environment Systems Modelling and Analysis (E4SMA s.r.l.), Turin, Italy; Helgesen, P.I., Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Kober, T., Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), Policy Studies Department, Petten, Netherlands; Summerton, P., Cambridge Econometrics, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Merven, B., Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Selosse, S., Centre de Mathématicues Appliquèes, MINES ParisTech, Paris, France; Karlsson, K., Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Strachan, N., Energy Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Gallachóirn, B.Ó., Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland	In a climate constrained future, hybrid energy-economy model coupling gives additional insight into interregional competition, trade, industrial delocalisation and overall macroeconomic consequences of decarbonising the energy system. Decarbonising the energy system is critical in mitigating climate change. This chapter summarises modelling methodologies developed in the ETSAP community © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.	None	Climate change; Competition; Decarbonising; Delocalisation; Economic impacts; Energy systems; Hybrid energy; Modelling methodology; Climate models	None
WoS	WOS:000290069600013	Monitoring Indicators of Living Conditions in a South African Urban Community	Moller, Valerie,Phillips, R,Radloff, Sarah,RAHTZ, D,SIRGY, MJ	2011	COMMUNITY QUALITY-OF-LIFE INDICATORS: BEST CASES V	3	None	10.1007/978-94-007-0535-7_13	Rhodes University	"Moller, Valerie: Rhodes University","Radloff, Sarah: Rhodes University"	A social indicators community project was launched in 1999 to monitor changing living standards in Rhini, a low-income suburb of Grahamstown, Makana Municipality, South Africa. Since 1994, under democratic rule, considerable progress has been made in service delivery to the formerly disadvantaged in South African society in terms of access to housing, infrastructure, and a social safety net to mitigate the high rate of unemployment. Results from two representative cross-sectional household surveys (n862/n1,020) conducted in 1999 and 2007 in Rhini demonstrate major changes in material living standards. However, these increases are not reflected in assessments of the household situation. Results are discussed against the background of rising expectations and social policy under democracy. It is concluded that income and employment poverty might dilute gains from higher material living standards. Further research using panel-study data is needed to demonstrate the lasting effects of service delivery on perceived quality of life in South Africa.	,INSTRUMENT,NEEDS,QUALITY-OF-LIFE,"SUBJECTIVE INDICATORS"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874388317	The impact of rheology on the mechanical performance of steel Fiber-Reinforced concrete	van Zijl G.P.A.G., Zeranka S.	2012	RILEM Bookseries	2	None	10.1007/978-94-007-2436-5_8	Department of Civil Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	van Zijl, G.P.A.G., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa; Zeranka, S., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	Fibers are added to concrete to bridge cracks, in order to improve mechanical behavior from brittle to pseudo-plastic. Uniform dispersion of fibers is known to be critical, to avoid weak planes and the influence of self-compacting ability of fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) on fiber dispersion has been studied and reported in the literature to some extent. A self-compacting (SCFRC) and a normal workability FRC (NFRC) was designed and tested systematically. Indirect assessment of fiber dispersion and orientation was performed by mechanical testing on small specimens, to study the influence on mechanical performance. The results show superiority of SCFRC in flexure. © RILEM 2012.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84958550682	Novel computational intelligence for optimizing cyber physical pre-evaluation system	Xing B.	2014	Studies in Computational Intelligence	540	None	10.1007/978-981-4585-36-1_15	Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Xing, B., Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Owing to the quality heterogeneity of returned used products, firms engaged in re-manufacturing activities are obliged to employ 100 % inspection of these products to evaluate their quality and suitability for re-manufacturing. In addition to visual inspection, a recent tendency is to use data recorded in electronic devices (e.g., radio frequency identification (RFID)) implanted in the products. In this way, information is obtained quickly without the need for complete (and expensive) product disassembly. Nevertheless, making sense of RFID data in a complex cyber physical system (CPS) environment (which involves such as cloud computing for used product life cycle information retrieval and physically used products scanning) is a complex task. For instance, if an RFID readers fails, there may be missing values exist. The purpose of this chapter is to employ two computational intelligence (CI) optimization methods which can improve the reliability of such inspection process. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore.	Cyber physical pre-evaluation system; Firefly algorithm; Radio frequency identification; Re-manufacturability; Reliability-redundancy allocation problem; Teaching-learning- based optimization	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33947114792	Effect of caffeine on the risk of coronary heart disease - A re-evaluation	Adebayo J.O., Akinyinka A.O., Odewole G.A., Okwusidi J.I.	2007	Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry	22	1	10.1007/BF02912877	Dept. of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	Adebayo, J.O., Dept. of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Akinyinka, A.O., Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Odewole, G.A., Dept. of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Okwusidi, J.I., Dept. of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	The effect of caffeine intake on the risk of coronary heart disease was studied. Twenty-one rats used were randomly divided into three experimental groups, the first group served as the control while the second and third groups were administered caffeine orally at doses of 10mg/kg body weight and 20mg/kg body weight respectively for fourteen days. Caffeine, at 10mg/kg body weight, significantly increased (P<0.05) serum LDL- cholesterol concentration and coronary heart disease risk ratio while it significantly reduced (P<0.05) serum triacylglycerol concentration when compared with controls. At 20mg/kg body weight, caffeine significantly increased (P<0.05) coronary heart disease risk ratio while it significantly reduced (P<0.05) serum HDL-cholesterol concentration and serum triacylgycerol concentration when compared with controls. No dose response effect was observed possibly suggestive of a threshold effect. These results suggest that caffeine predisposes consumers of caffeine containing beverages to coronary heart disease.	Blood lipids; Caffeine; Coronary heart disease	caffeine; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; triacylglycerol; animal experiment; animal model; article; cardiovascular risk; cholesterol blood level; concentration (parameters); controlled study; dose response; drug activity; drug effect; drug mechanism; ischemic heart disease; lipid analysis; male; nonhuman; protein determination; rat; risk assessment; statistical analysis; triacylglycerol blood level; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36849052052	Evaluation of thyroid function in diabetes mellitus in Calabar, Nigeria	Udiong C.E.J., Udoh A.E., Etukudoh M.E.	2007	Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry	22	2	10.1007/BF02913318	Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, PMB 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria	Udiong, C.E.J., Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria, Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, PMB 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria; Udoh, A.E., Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Etukudoh, M.E., Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria	The prevalence of abnormal thyroid hormone levels in diabetes mellitus in Nigeria is not well described. To determine the incidence of abnormal thyroid hormone levels in diabetics in Calabar, Nigeria, fasting blood samples from 161 diabetic subjects and 105 non-diabetic controls were analysed. Free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total triiodothyronine (T3) and total thyroxine (T4) kits obtained from Biomerica Inc. of USA were used for the analysis. TSH levels (1.80 ± 1.62) in diabetics were significantly lower (p = 0.016) than the level in non-diabetic controls (2.34 ± 1.24). Male diabetics had lower (p &lt; 0.05) levels of TSH (1.192 ± 0.68 miu/ml) than diabetic females (1.90 ± 1.70 mIu/ml). The level of T3 in diabetic males (125 ± 97ng/ml) was higher than the level in females (98 ± 75ng/dl). TSH (F = 2.74, p = 0.049), T4 (F = 56.87, p = 0.O01), T3 (F =56.44, P = 0.001) in diabetics and FT4 (F = 5.74, p = 0.002) in controls showed significant variation with the ages of the subjects. Out of 161 diabetics subjects studied 26.6% had low plasma thyroid hormone levels (FT 4&gt;2.01ng/dl), 19.8% had raised plasma thyroid hormone levels (FT4 &lt; 2.01), and 54% was euthyroid (FT40.78 - 2.01ng/dl). This study has shown a high incidence (46.5%) of abnormal thyroid hormone levels among the diabetics in Nigeria (hypothyroidism 26.6%, hyperthyroidism, 19.9%). The prevalence of hypothyroidism was higher in women (16.8%) than in men (9.9%), while hyperthyroidism was higher in males (11%) than in females (8%). This study has defined thyroid function status of diabetics in Calabar, Nigeria probably the first of such work in Africa.	Diabetes mellitus; Diagnosis; Thyroid hormones	antidiabetic agent; insulin; liothyronine; thyroid hormone; thyrotropin; thyroxine; article; blood sampling; controlled study; female; free thyroxine index; hormone blood level; human; hyperthyroidism; hypothyroidism; incidence; insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; prevalence; sex difference; thyroid function	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349648781	The influence of second language teaching on undergraduate mathematics performance	Gerber A., Harding A.F., Engelbrecht J., Rogan J.	2005	Mathematics Education Research Journal	17	3	10.1007/BF03217419	Arcus GIBB, PO Box 35007, Menlo Park, 0102, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa; Science Education Research Group, University of KwaZuluNatal, Pietermartizburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3202, South Africa	Gerber, A., Arcus GIBB, PO Box 35007, Menlo Park, 0102, Pretoria, South Africa; Harding, A.F., Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa; Engelbrecht, J., Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa; Rogan, J., Science Education Research Group, University of KwaZuluNatal, Pietermartizburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3202, South Africa	Understanding abstract concepts and ideas in mathematics, if instruction takes place in the first language of the student, is difficult. Yet worldwide students often have to master mathematics via a second or third language. The majority of students in South Africa - a country with eleven official languages - has to face this difficulty. In a quantitative study of first year calculus students, we investigated two groups of students. For one group tuition took place in their home language; for the second group, tuition was in English, a second or even a third language. Performance data on their secondary mathematics and first year tertiary calculus were analysed. The study showed that there was no significant difference between the adjusted means of the entire group of first language learners and the entire group of second language learners. Neither was there any statistically significant difference between the performances of the two groups of second language learners (based on the adjusted means). Yet, there did seem to be a significant difference between the achievement of Afrikaans students attending Afrikaans lectures and Afrikaans students attending English lectures.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349645361	The impact of the transition to outcomes-based teaching on university preparedness in mathematics in South Africa	Engelbrecht J., Harding A.	2008	Mathematics Education Research Journal	20	2	10.1007/BF03217477	University of Pretoria, South Africa	Engelbrecht, J., University of Pretoria, South Africa; Harding, A., University of Pretoria, South Africa	Following the political changes of 1994 in South Africa, the decision was taken to replace the traditional skills-based education system at primary and secondary school level (Grades 1-12) with an outcomes-based education system (OBE). The implementation of the OBE system did not come without problems, giving rise to revised initiatives. The OBE approach, referred to as Curriculum 2005, was introduced into schools in 1998, for all learners in Grades 1- 6 and progressively phased in after that. In 2002, the OBE system was put on hold for the two upper grades of these learners. Learners in these two grades reverted back to skills-based learning for their last three years of schooling, i.e. in Grades 10 - 12. The most senior of these learners that had been subjected to four years of OBE and another three years of the old system finished their schooling in 2005 and 2006 and entered university in 2006 and 2007. These groups are of interest. Students ahead of them had their full schooling in the old system and students two years younger were only subjected to OBE. These students are the "group in the middle". This paper reports on what the impact is of the growing pains of such a new, inadequately planned education system on the mathematics preparedness of students entering university. This report will be extended in 2009 when the learners that have been fully subjected to the OBE system enter university.	None	None	None
WoS	WOS:000339940700005	The impact of conditional cash transfers on child health in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review	Cross, Ruth,Owusu-Addo, Ebenezer	2014	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH	59	4	10.1007/s00038-014-0570-x	Leeds Metropolitan University, Kwame Nkrumah University Science & Technology, Kwame Nkrumah Univ Sci & Technol	"Cross, Ruth: Leeds Metropolitan University",	The review aimed to assess the effectiveness of conditional cash transfers (CCTs) in improving child health in low- and middle-income countries. Seven electronic databases were searched for papers: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, PsychINFO, BIOSIS Previews, Academic Search Complete, and CSA Sociological Abstracts. The included studies comprised of randomised controlled trials and controlled before-and-after studies evaluating the impact of CCTs on child health. Due to the substantial heterogeneity of the studies, a narrative synthesis was conducted on the extracted data. Sixteen studies predominantly from Latin American countries met the inclusion criteria. The outcomes reported by the studies in relation to CCTs' effectiveness in improving child health were reduction in morbidity risk, improvement in nutritional outcomes, health services utilisation, and immunisation coverage. The review suggests that to a large extent, CCTs are effective in improving child health by addressing child health determinants such as access to health care, child and maternal nutrition, morbidity risk, immunisation coverage, and household poverty in developing countries particularly middle-income countries. Of importance to both policy and practice, it appears that CCTs require effective functioning of health care systems to effectively promote child health.	"CHILD HEALTH","conditional cash transfers","Low- and middle-income countries","programme theory","systematic review",CLUSTER-RANDOMIZED-TRIAL,EDUCATION,GROWTH,INTERVENTIONS,MEXICO,NUTRITION,OPORTUNIDADES,PROGRAM,PROMOTION,WEIGHT	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866121518	Cobalt mediated ring contraction reaction of lapachol and initial antibacterial evaluation of naphthoquinones derived from lapachol	Eyong K.O., Kumar S.P., Kuete V., Folefoc G.N., Langmi H., Meyer M.J.J., Lall N., Baskaran S.	2012	Medicinal Chemistry Research	21	8	10.1007/s00044-011-9788-9	Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600 036, India; Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaounde 1, BP 812, Yaounde, Cameroon; Department of Biochemistry, University of Dschang, BP 67, Dschang, Cameroon; Department of Chemistry, University of Buea, 63, Buea, Cameroon; Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada; Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Eyong, K.O., Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600 036, India, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaounde 1, BP 812, Yaounde, Cameroon; Kumar, S.P., Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600 036, India; Kuete, V., Department of Biochemistry, University of Dschang, BP 67, Dschang, Cameroon, Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Folefoc, G.N., Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaounde 1, BP 812, Yaounde, Cameroon, Department of Chemistry, University of Buea, 63, Buea, Cameroon; Langmi, H., Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada; Meyer, M.J.J., Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Lall, N., Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Baskaran, S., Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600 036, India	The synthesis of 2-hydroxy-2-(3-methylbut- 2-enyl)-2H-indene-1,3-dione 3, from lapachol which involves a ring contraction via the Hooker intermediate 1,2-dihydroxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro- 1H-indene-1- carboxylic acid 2 is described. Different pyranonaphthoquinone derivatives, obtained in our previous synthetic work, were screened for antimycobacterial (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) activity and against resistant strains of Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. The results indicated significant activity of all the tested samples against M. tuberculosis and only moderate activity against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011.	Antibacterial; Antituberculosis; Lapachol; Naphthoquinones; Ring contraction	1 (2,3,4,9 tetrahydro 4,9 dioxonaphtho[2,3 b]furany 2 yl) 1 methylethyl nitrate; 1,4 dihydro 3 hydroxy 1,4 dioxo 2 naphthaleneacetaldehyde; 2 (1 methylethenyl) 2,3 dihydronaphtho[2,3 b]furan 4,9 dione; 2 (1' methylethenyl)naphtho[2,3 b]furan 4,9 dione; 2 (3 hydroxy 1,4 dioxo 1,4 dihydronaphthalene 2 yl)vinyl acetate; 2 acetyl furanonapthoquinone; 2 hydroxy 2 (3 methylbut 2 enyl) 2h indene 1,3 dione; beta lapachone; cobalt; gentamicin; isoniazid; lapachol; naphthoquinone; unclassified drug; antibacterial activity; article; Bacillus cereus; bacterial strain; chemical reaction; controlled study; drug screening; Escherichia coli; minimum inhibitory concentration; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nonhuman; ring contraction reaction; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883451197	Evaluation of antileishmanial activities of triglycerides isolated from roots of Moringa stenopetala	Bekele B., Adane L., Tariku Y., Hailu A.	2013	Medicinal Chemistry Research	22	10	10.1007/s00044-013-0467-x	Department of Chemistry, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Bekele, B., Department of Chemistry, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Adane, L., Department of Chemistry, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Tariku, Y., Department of Chemistry, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Hailu, A., Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	The objective of this study was to evaluate antileishmanial activities of compounds isolated from the roots of Moringa stenopetala. Two compounds were isolated from the crude petroleum ether:ethyl acetate (50:50 %) extract of its roots employing column chromatographic technique using a mixture of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate mixture in different polarity (or proportions by volume). The isolated compounds were labeled as MS-1 and MS-2. Their structures were determined to be triglycerides based on the observed spectroscopic ( 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT-135, and IR) data and reported data in literature. Thus, compound MS-1 and compound MS-2 were identified as 1,3-dilinoleoyl-2-olein and 1,3-dioleoyl-2-linolein, respectively. Evaluation of antileishmanial activities (IC50 values) of the compounds against promatigote stage of Leishmania aethiopica indicated that compound MS-1 to show comparable activity with the reference compounds (amphotericin B and miltefosine) whereas compound MS-2 to be less active. The activity test results against the amastigote stage of the parasite indicated that the compounds have comparable activities when compared to each other, and relatively lower activities as compared to that of the reference compounds. The results suggested that the compounds have promising antileishmanial activities. However, further in vivo tests are recommended before drawing any conclusion about the potential of the compounds as a new antileishmanial drug candidate. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.	L. aethiopica; Leishmaniasis; Moringa stenopetala; Triglycerides	amphotericin B; amphotericin B deoxycholate; antileishmanial agent; miltefosine; triacylglycerol; amastigote; animal cell; antiprotozoal activity; article; carbon nuclear magnetic resonance; controlled study; infrared spectroscopy; Leishmania; leishmania aethiopica; leishmaniasis; medicinal plant; moringa stenopetala; Moringaceae; mouse; nonhuman; peritoneum macrophage; plant root; proton nuclear magnetic resonance	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898980052	Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of novel 1-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents	Patel V., Bhatt N., Bhatt P., Joshi H.D.	2014	Medicinal Chemistry Research	23	4	10.1007/s00044-013-0799-6	Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India; JJT University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India; School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa	Patel, V., Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India; Bhatt, N., JJT University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India; Bhatt, P., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Joshi, H.D., Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India	Novel compounds of biological interest were synthesized by in situ reduction of Schiff's base of 5,6-dimethoxy indanone and 1-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H- benzo[d] imidazol-2(3H)-one in the presence of Ti(OiPr)4 and NaBH3CN. Further alkylation using different alkyl/aryl halides in the presence of NaH in DMF gave a series of novel compounds. A formation of newly synthesized compounds was confirmed on the basis of their spectral and elemental analysis. Further these compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity and found to have promising antibacterial and antifungal activity. © Springer Science+Business Media 2013.	1-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d] imidazol-2(3H)-one; 5,6-dimethoxy indanone; Antimicrobial agents; In situ reduction of Schiff's base	1 (piperidin 4 yl) 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one derivative; 3 benzyl 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 3 butyl 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 3 (3 (dimethylamino)propyl 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 3 (4 nitrobenzyl) 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 3 (methoxymethyl) 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 3 isobutyl 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 3 propyl 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1yl)piperidin 4 yl) 3 ethyl 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 3 (2 chloroethyl) 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 1h benzo{d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 3 (4 chlorobenzyl) 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 6 chloro 3 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) n,n diethyl 2 oxo 2,3 dihydro 1h benzo[d]imidazole 1 carboxamide; antiinfective agent; ethyl 2 (6 chloro 3 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 2 oxo 2,3 dihydro 1h benzo[d]imidazol 1 yl)acetate; ethyl 6 chloro 3 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl)2 oxo 2,3 dihydro 1h benzo[d]imidazole 1 carboxylate; imidazole derivative; Schiff base; unclassified drug; alkylation; antibacterial activity; antifungal activity; antimicrobial activity; article; drug screening; drug synthesis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898770992	DABCO-promoted one-pot synthesis of heteroaryl-substituted benzenes and their biological evaluation	Babu G.N., Ayalew H.M., Jain S.	2014	Medicinal Chemistry Research	23	5	10.1007/s00044-013-0857-0	School of Studies in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Vikram University, Ujjain 456010, Madhya Pradesh, India; Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia	Babu, G.N., School of Studies in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Vikram University, Ujjain 456010, Madhya Pradesh, India, Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Ayalew, H.M., Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Jain, S., School of Studies in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Vikram University, Ujjain 456010, Madhya Pradesh, India	A simple and efficient one-pot synthesis of heteroaryl-substituted benzenes has been developed via cyclocondensation of vinylmalononitriles and ethylvinylcyanoacetates with heteroarylnitroolefines using diazabicyclo[2,2,2] octane as catalyst. The titled compounds were evaluated for their antitubercular, antibacterial and antifungal activities at various concentrations. © Springer Science+Business Media 2013.	Antibacterial activity; Antifungal activity; Antitubercular activity; DABCO; Heteroayl-substituted benzenes	1,4 diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; 3 amino 4 nitro 5 (1h pyrrole 2 yl) [1,1' biphenyl] 2 carboxylate; 3 amino 4 nitro 5 (thiophen 2 yl) [1,1' biphenyl] 2 carbonitrile; 3 amino 4' methoxy 4 nitro 5 (thiophen 2 yl) [1,1' biphenyl] 2 carbonitrile; 3 amino 5 (furan 2 yl) 4 nitro [1,1' biphenyl] 2 carbonitrile; 3 amino 5 (furan 2 yl) 4' methoxy 4 nitro 5 [1,1' biphenyl] 2 carbonitrile; acetic acid derivative; alkene derivative; benzene derivative; ciprofloxacin; clotrimazole; cyclooctane derivative; ethyl 3 amino 4 nitro(1h pyrrol 2 yl)[1,1' biphenyl] 2 carboxylate; ethyl 3 amino 4 nitro(furan 2 yl) [1,1' biphenyl] 2 carboxylate; ethyl 3 amino 4' methoxy 4 nitro 5 (thiophen 2 yl)[1,1' biphenyl 2 carbonitrile; nitrile; unclassified drug; antibacterial activity; antifungal activity; article; Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus niger; Candida albicans; Candida tropicalis; catalyst; concentration response; controlled study; Escherichia coli; evaluation study; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nonhuman; one pot synthesis; polymerization; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Salmonella typhi	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939877670	Novel series of phenylalanine analogs endowed with promising anti-inflammatory activity: Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and computational insights	Palkar M.B., Praveen D.M., Ronad P.M., Viswanathswamy A.H.M., Rane R.A., Patel H.M., Shaikh M.S., Hampannavar G.A., Jain K.S., Karpoormath R.	2015	Medicinal Chemistry Research	24	5	10.1007/s00044-014-1272-x	Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E. University College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, Hubli, Karnataka, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Department of Pharmacology, K.L.E. University College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, Hubli, Karnataka, India	Palkar, M.B., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E. University College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, Hubli, Karnataka, India, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Praveen, D.M., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E. University College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, Hubli, Karnataka, India; Ronad, P.M., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E. University College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, Hubli, Karnataka, India; Viswanathswamy, A.H.M., Department of Pharmacology, K.L.E. University College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, Hubli, Karnataka, India; Rane, R.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Patel, H.M., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Shaikh, M.S., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Hampannavar, G.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Jain, K.S., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Karpoormath, R., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa	Abstract A novel series of methyl-2-(substituted benzylideneamino)-3-phenyl propionate (2a-j) derivatives have been synthesized. The title compounds (2a-j) were screened for in vivo acute anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities at a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w. Compound 2e exhibited the most promising and significant anti-inflammatory profile while compounds 2b, 2h, 2i, and 2j showed moderate to good inhibitory activity at 2nd and 4th h, respectively. These compounds were also found to have considerable analgesic activity (acetic acid-induced writhing model) and antipyretic activity (yeast-induced pyrexia model). In addition, the tested compounds were also found to possess less degree of ulcerogenic potential as compared to the standard NSAIDs. The synthesized compounds were further evaluated for their inhibitory activity against cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX-1/COX-2), by in vitro colorimetric COX (ovine) inhibitor screening assay method. The results revealed that the compounds 2b, 2e, 2h, 2i, and 2j exhibited selective and effective inhibition against COX-2. In an attempt to understand the ligand-protein interactions in terms of their binding affinity, docking studies were also performed using Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD-2013, 6.0) for the title compounds. It was observed that the binding affinities calculated were in agreement with the experimental IC<inf>50</inf> values. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Analgesic; Anti-inflammatory; Antipyretic; Cyclooxygenase (COX); Docking; Phenylalanine; Schiff base; Ulcerogenic activity	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957988057	Physical properties of burnt timber, with special focus on the drying performance	Meincken M., Smit N.H., Steinmann D.	2010	European Journal of Wood and Wood Products	68	4	10.1007/s00107-009-0388-z	Department of Forest and Wood Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	Meincken, M., Department of Forest and Wood Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Smit, N.H., Department of Forest and Wood Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Steinmann, D., Department of Forest and Wood Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	Burnt wood has been found to perform different from sound (green) wood when dried together, but also with regards to other physical and mechanical properties. In this study the drying performance of wood burnt to different degrees in recent plantation fires was investigated, and the physical, chemical and wood anatomical properties of these different wood types were determined. Different cell structure and chemical composition due to thermal degradation could be observed as well as different drying performance and variation in mechanical properties. An explanation for the deviant drying performance was attempted with the observed structural changes. © 2009 Springer-Verlag Zusammenfassung.	None	Anatomical properties; Burnt wood; Cell structure; Chemical compositions; Drying performance; Physical and mechanical properties; Plantation fires; Structural change; Thermal degradations; Wood types; Drying; Fabrics; Wood; Mechanical properties; Anatomy; Drying; Fabric; Forests; Mechanical Properties; Physical Properties; Wood	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-20044361824	Caudal fin allometry in the white shark Carcharodon carcharias: Implications for locomotory performance and ecology	Lingham-Soliar T.	2005	Naturwissenschaften	92	5	10.1007/s00114-005-0614-4	Department of Zoology, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, 4000 Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Lingham-Soliar, T., Department of Zoology, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, 4000 Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Allometric scaling analysis was employed to investigate the consequences of size evolution on hydrodynamic performance and ecology in the white shark Carcharodon carcharias. Discriminant analysis using the power equation y=ax b was negative for caudal fin span (S) versus fork length (FL) in C. carcharias. In contrast in two delphinid species, Delphinus capensis and Tursiops aduncus, the span of the flukes versus fork length rises in positive allometric fashion, and strong positive allometry of S versus √A (area) was also recorded. The latter reflects a high lift/drag ratio. S versus √A in C. carcharias displays negative allometry and consequently a lower lift/drag ratio. A lower aspect ratio (AR) caudal fin in C. carcharias compared to that of the delphinids (mean 3.33 and 4.1, respectively) and other thunniform swimmers provides the potential for better maneuverability and acceleration. The liver in sharks is frequently associated with a buoyancy function and was found to be positively allometric in C. carcharias. The overall findings suggest that the negatively allometric caudal fin morphometrics in C. carcharias are unlikely to have deleterious evolutionary fitness consequences for predation. On the contrary, when considered in the context of positive liver allometry in C. carcharias it is hereby suggested that buoyancy may play a dominant role in larger white sharks in permitting slow swimming while minimizing energy demands needed to prevent sinking. In contrast hydrodynamic lift is considered more important in smaller white sharks. Larger caudal fin spans and higher lift/drag ratio in smaller C. carcharias indicate greater potential for prolonged, intermediate swimming speeds and for feeding predominantly on fast-moving fish, in contrast to slow-swimming search patterns of larger individuals for predominantly large mammalian prey. Such data may provide some answers to the lifestyle and widespread habitat capabilities of this still largely mysterious animal. © Springer-Verlag 2005.	None	allometry; locomotion; morphology; shark; allometry; article; controlled study; discriminant analysis; ecology; energy metabolism; evolution; hydrodynamics; lifestyle; liver; locomotion; mammal; morphometrics; motor performance; nonhuman; predation; prey; shark; species difference; swimming; Animal Structures; Animals; Body Size; Ecosystem; Motor Activity; Sharks; Animalia; Carcharodon carcharias; Chondrichthyes; Delphinidae; Delphinus capensis; Lamnidae; Mammalia; Tursiops aduncus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943228551	The hustle and bustle of city life: Monitoring the effects of urbanisation in the African lesser bushbaby	Scheun J., Bennett N.C., Ganswindt A., Nowack J.	2015	Science of Nature	102	9	10.1007/s00114-015-1305-4	Endocrine Research Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Animal Ecology and Conservation, Biocentre Grindel, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; School of Environmental and Rural Science, Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia	Scheun, J., Endocrine Research Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Bennett, N.C., Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Ganswindt, A., Endocrine Research Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; Nowack, J., Department of Animal Ecology and Conservation, Biocentre Grindel, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, School of Environmental and Rural Science, Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia	Urbanisation has become a severe threat to pristine natural areas, causing habitat loss and affecting indigenous animals. Species occurring within an urban fragmented landscape must cope with changes in vegetation type as well as high degrees of anthropogenic disturbance, both of which are possible key mechanisms contributing to behavioural changes and perceived stressors. We attempted to elucidate the effects of urbanisation on the African lesser bushbaby, Galago moholi, by (1) recording activity budgets and body condition (body mass index, BMI) of individuals of urban and rural populations and (2) further determining adrenocortical activity in both populations as a measure of stress via faecal glucocorticoid metabolite (fGCM) levels, following successful validation of an appropriate enzyme immunoassay test system (adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) challenge test).We found that both sexes of the urban population had significantly higher BMIs than their rural counterparts, while urban females had significantly higher fGCM concentrations than rural females. While individuals in the urban population fed mainly on provisioned anthropogenic food sources and spent comparatively more time resting and engaging in aggressive interactions, rural individuals fed almost exclusively on tree exudates and spent more time moving between food sources. Although interactions with humans are likely to be lower in nocturnal than in diurnal species, our findings show that the impact of urbanisation on nocturnal species is still considerable, affecting a range of ecological and physiological aspects. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015.	Anthropogenic disturbance; Faecal glucocorticoids; Increased weight; Provisioned food	aggregation behavior; behavioral ecology; body condition; body mass; environmental disturbance; environmental monitoring; habitat conservation; habitat fragmentation; habitat loss; hormone; immunoassay; metabolite; nocturnal activity; primate; pristine environment; record; rural population; urban area; urban population; urbanization; Africa; Animalia; Galago moholi	DA1031/3-1/2, DFG, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Scopus	2-s2.0-32544437153	Comparison of phenotypic and molecular distances to predict heterosis and F1 performance in Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun)	Teklewold A., Becker H.C.	2006	Theoretical and Applied Genetics	112	4	10.1007/s00122-005-0180-3	Holetta Research Centre, Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization, 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Georg-August University, Von-Siebold Str-8, 37075 Gottingen, Germany	Teklewold, A., Holetta Research Centre, Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization, 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Georg-August University, Von-Siebold Str-8, 37075 Gottingen, Germany; Becker, H.C., Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Georg-August University, Von-Siebold Str-8, 37075 Gottingen, Germany	Predicting heterosis and F1 performance from the parental generation could largely enhance the efficiency of breeding hybrid or synthetic cultivars. This study was undertaken to determine the relationship between parental distances estimated from phenotypic traits or molecular markers with heterosis, F1 performance and general combining ability (GCA) in Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata). Nine inbred lines representing seven different geographic regions of Ethiopia were crossed in half-diallel. The nine parents along with their 36 F1s were evaluated in a replicated field trail at three locations in Ethiopia. Distances among the parents were calculated from 14 phenotypic traits (Euclidean distance, ED) and 182 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers (Jaccard's distances, JD), and correlated with heterosis, F1 performance and GCA sum of parents (GCAsum). The correlation between phenotypic and molecular distances was low (r = 0.34, P ≤ 0.05). Parents with low molecular distance also had low phenotypic distance, but parents with high molecular distance had either high, intermediate or low phenotypic distance. Phenotypic distance was highly significantly correlated with mid-parent heterosis (r = 0.53), F1 performance (r = 0.61) and GCA (r = 0.79) for seed yield. Phenotypic distance was also positively correlated with (1) heterosis, F1 performance and GCA for plant height and seeds plant-1, (2) heterosis for number of pods plant-1, and (3) F1 performance for 1,000 seed weight. Molecular distance was correlated with GCAsum (r = 0.36, P ≤ 0.05) but not significantly with heterosis and F1 performance for seed yield. For each parent a mean distance was calculated by averaging the distances to the eight other parents. Likewise, mean heterosis was estimated by averaging the heterosis obtained when each parent is crossed with the other eight. For seed yield, both mean ED and JD were significantly correlated with GCA (r = 0.90, P ≤ 0.01 for ED and r = 0.68, P ≤ 0.05 for JD) and mean heterosis (r = 0.79, P ≤ 0.05 for ED and r = 0.77, P ≤ 0.05 for JD). In conclusion, parental distances estimated from phenotypic traits better predicted heterosis, F1 performance and GCA than distances estimated from RAPD markers. © Springer-Verlag 2005.	None	Distance measurement; Genetic engineering; General combining ability (GCA); Molecular distances; Phenotypic distance; Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD); Crops; article; Brassica; comparative study; cross breeding; genetic marker; genetics; growth, development and aging; heterosis; phenotype; phylogeny; quantitative trait; random amplified polymorphic DNA; Brassica; Crosses, Genetic; Genetic Markers; Hybrid Vigor; Phenotype; Phylogeny; Quantitative Trait, Heritable; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; Farm Crops; Genetic Engineering; Heterosis; Nucleic Acids; Phenotypes; Seeds; Brassica; Brassica carinata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745182897	Assessment of testcross performance and genetic diversity of yellow endosperm maize lines derived from adapted x exotic backcrosses	Menkir A., Olowolafe M.O., Ingelbrecht I., Fawole I., Badu-Apraku B., Vroh B.I.	2006	Theoretical and Applied Genetics	113	1	10.1007/s00122-006-0275-5	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, 5320 Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Menkir, A., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, 5320 Ibadan, Nigeria; Olowolafe, M.O., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, 5320 Ibadan, Nigeria; Ingelbrecht, I., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, 5320 Ibadan, Nigeria; Fawole, I., Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Badu-Apraku, B., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, 5320 Ibadan, Nigeria; Vroh, B.I., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, 5320 Ibadan, Nigeria	Introduction of exotic maize (Zea mays L.) into adapted tropical germplasm may enhance genetic variability and lead to greater progress from selection. The first objective of this study was to determine if yellow endosperm lines derived from adapted × exotic backcrosses contain exotic alleles that are superior to the recurrent adapted parental line for yield and other agronomic traits in tropical environments. Thirteen exotic yellow maize inbred lines were crossed to an adapted orange line (KUSR) and the F1s were backcrossed to KUSR to generate the first backcrosses. Fifty BC1F4 lines derived from these backcrosses and the recurrent parent were crossed to a common inbred tester (L4001) to form testcrosses, which were evaluated at eight environments in Nigeria. Testcrosses of the BC-derived lines differed significantly for grain yield and other agronomic traits. Only two testcrosses yielded significantly less than L4001 × KUSR, with the best 15 testcrosses producing between 289 and 1,056 kg/ha more grain yield than L4001 × KUSR. The best testcrosses were similar to or better than L4001 × KUSR for other agronomic traits. The second objective of this study was to assess the extent of genetic diversity present among the BC-derived lines. We genotyped 46 BC-derived lines including KUSR and L4001 with 10 AFLP primer pairs and found 491 polymorphic fragments. The average allelic diversity of the lines was 0.30 ± 0.01. The genetic distance of each BC-derived line from KUSR ranged between 0.49 and 0.91. The average genetic distance for all pairs of the BC-derived lines was 0.68 ± 0.004, varying from 0.34 to 0.92. The increased grain yield and genetic diversity observed in these studies provide evidence that exotic germplasm can contribute new alleles to expand the genetic base of tropical maize and develop high-yielding hybrids. © Springer-Verlag 2006.	None	Genes; Genetic engineering; Plant cell culture; Endosperm maize; Genetic variability; Germplasm; Crops; article; cross breeding; genetic polymorphism; genetic variability; genetics; maize; Nigeria; Crosses, Genetic; Nigeria; Polymorphism, Genetic; Variation (Genetics); Zea mays; Corn; Genes; Genetic Engineering; Plants; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33947577202	The Merensky Cyclic Unit and its impact on footwall cumulates below Normal and Regional Pothole reef types in the Western Bushveld Complex	Roberts M.D., Reid D.L., Miller J.A., Basson I.J., Roberts M., Smith D.	2007	Mineralium Deposita	42	3	10.1007/s00126-006-0111-5	Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondeb 7701, South Africa; Department of Geology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; 140 North Wilson Avenue, Pasadena, CA, United States; Northam Platinum Mine, P.O. Box 441, Thabazimbi 1380, South Africa; Tect Geological Consulting, 15 Rue le Havre, Monte Sereno, Somerset West 7130, South Africa	Roberts, M.D., Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondeb 7701, South Africa, 140 North Wilson Avenue, Pasadena, CA, United States; Reid, D.L., Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondeb 7701, South Africa; Miller, J.A., Department of Geology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Basson, I.J., Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondeb 7701, South Africa, Tect Geological Consulting, 15 Rue le Havre, Monte Sereno, Somerset West 7130, South Africa; Roberts, M., 140 North Wilson Avenue, Pasadena, CA, United States; Smith, D., Northam Platinum Mine, P.O. Box 441, Thabazimbi 1380, South Africa	The Merensky Reef of the Bushveld Complex occurs in its highest stratigraphic position as a heterogeneous, pegmatitic, feldspathic melanorite bounded by two narrow chromitite stringers at the base of the Merensky Cyclic Unit (MCU). In the Swartklip Facies of the Rustenburg Layered Suite, the occurrence of widespread thermal and mechanical erosion termed "potholing" has led to the subdivision of the Merensky Reef into Normal Reef and Regional Pothole Reef sub-facies. The transition between the two sub-facies occurs where the MCU transgresses the lower chromitite stringer of the Normal Merensky Reef and cuts down into the underlying cumulate lithologies. In the Regional Pothole Reef at the Northam Platinum Mine, several economic reef types are identified, where the Merensky Reef becomes conformable to cumulate layering, in particular, to the footwall marker (NP2 reef type) and the upper pseudoReef (P2 reef type). The Normal Merensky Reef, as well as the P2 and NP2 Reefs, contains economic platinum group element (PGE) grades and includes the lower portion of the MCU melanorite and the Merensky Chromitite. Whole rock geochemistry indicates that this package is compositionally identical in Normal, P2, and NP2 Reefs, suggesting that the base of the MCU is a relatively homogeneous drape over both Normal and Regional Pothole Reef regions. However, the lower sections of the three Reefs are variables depending on the depth of transgression of the MCU. In the Normal and P2 reef types, transgression by the MCU was arrested within harzburgites, melanorites, and norites, resulting in coarse, pegmatitic textures in the immediate footwall units. For the NP2 Reef, transgression by the MCU was arrested within leucocratic rocks and resulted in the formation of troctolites below the Merensky Chromitite. These troctolites are characterised by a coupled relationship between olivine and sulphides and by changes in major element chemistry and PGE contents relative to equivalent units in the footwall of the Normal Reef. Along with micro-textural relationships, these features suggest that troctolization of leucocratic cumulates in the NP2 Reef beneath the Merensky chromitite was a result of a reactive infiltration of a chromite-saturated melt and an immiscible sulphide liquid from the overlying MCU, rather than a significant fluid flux from below. In all reef types, the concentration of S defines symmetrical peaks centred on the Merensky Chromitite (and chromitites from pre-existing cyclic units in Normal and P2 Reefs), whereas PGE concentrations define asymmetrical peaks with higher PGE contents in reconstituted footwall rocks relative to the MCU melanorite. This signature is attributable to a magmatic model of PGE collection followed by deposition towards the base of the MCU and within reconstituted footwall rocks. The continuity of the asymmetrical magmatic PGE signature between the Normal Reef and Regional Pothole Reef sub-facies indicates that PGE mineralization inherent to the Merensky magma occurred as a drape over a variably eroded and subsequent texturally and geochemically reworked or reconstituted footwall. © Springer-Verlag 2006.	Merensky Reef; Mineralization; Platinum group element; Regional Pothole; Troctolite	footwall; geochemistry; magmatism; mineralization; platinum group element; sulfide; Africa; Bushveld Complex; Merensky Reef; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-44949123435	The impact of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission on psychological distress and forgiveness in South Africa	Stein D.J., Seedat S., Kaminer D., Moomal H., Herman A., Sonnega J., Williams D.R.	2008	Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology	43	6	10.1007/s00127-008-0350-0	University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; University of Witwatersrand, Witwatersrand, South Africa; MEDUNSA, Pretoria, South Africa; University of Michigan, Flint, MI, United States; Harward University, Cambridge, MA, United States	Stein, D.J., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Seedat, S., University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Kaminer, D., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Moomal, H., University of Witwatersrand, Witwatersrand, South Africa; Herman, A., MEDUNSA, Pretoria, South Africa; Sonnega, J., University of Michigan, Flint, MI, United States; Williams, D.R., Harward University, Cambridge, MA, United States	Background: Legislation to establish a Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) was passed soon after election of South Africa's first democratic government. Discourse around the TRC focused on the importance of bearing witness to the past, and on the healing powers of forgiveness. However, there was also a concern that individuals with TRC relevant experience would simply be re-traumatized by participation in the process. To date, there has been little empirical data for either hypothesis. Methods: A nationally representative survey of the South African population (n = 4,351) was undertaken 6-8 years after the TRC process began. Information about subjects' exposure to and participation in the TRC was collected, and views about the testimony of survivors and perpetrators were assessed. To determine the predictors of distress, anger, and forgiveness, linear regressions were undertaken with inclusion of demographic variables, exposure to TRC variables, and attitudes to the TRC. Results: Distress was significantly associated with specific demographic factors (female gender, less education), with having a TRC-related experience to share, and with negative perceptions of the TRC (a negative view of survivors' testimony). Anger had similar associations but was also predicted by lower age. Forgiveness was associated with age and education, with being Coloured, and with having a positive view of perpetrator's testimony, while it was inversely associated with having a TRC experience to share. Distress and anger correlated inversely with forgiveness. Perceptions of the TRC were moderately positive irrespective of many demographic variables (race, education, age). Conclusion: In this cross-sectional study, causal relationships are difficult to ascertain. Nevertheless, relationships between increased distress/anger, having a TRC relevant experience to share, and negative perceptions of the TRC, support a view that bearing testimony is not necessarily helpful to survivors. However, in the population as a whole, moderately positive attitudes towards the TRC across sociodemographic variables support a view that the TRC helped provide knowledge and acknowledgment of the past. © Springer-Verlag 2008.	Distress; Forgiveness; South Africa; Truth and reconciliation commission	adult; age; aged; anger; article; attitude; correlation analysis; disease association; distress syndrome; educational status; ethnicity; female; forgiveness; health survey; human; interview; linear regression analysis; major clinical study; male; mental stress; Negro; offender; personal experience; population research; prediction; race; risk factor; sex difference; South Africa; survivor; victim; witness; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anger; Attitude; Crime Victims; Cross-Sectional Studies; Educational Status; Ethnic Groups; Female; Human Rights; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sex Distribution; Social Problems; Socioeconomic Factors; South Africa; Stress, Psychological; Survivors; Violence	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896697922	Traumatic events and their relative PTSD burden in Northern Ireland: A consideration of the impact of the 'Troubles'	Ferry F., Bunting B., Murphy S., O'Neill S., Stein D., Koenen K.	2014	Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology	49	3	10.1007/s00127-013-0757-0	Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Ulster, Magee Campus, Northland Road, Londonderry BT48 7JL, United Kingdom; Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Ulster, Londonderry, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States	Ferry, F., Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Ulster, Magee Campus, Northland Road, Londonderry BT48 7JL, United Kingdom; Bunting, B., Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Ulster, Londonderry, United Kingdom; Murphy, S., Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Ulster, Londonderry, United Kingdom; O'Neill, S., Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Ulster, Londonderry, United Kingdom; Stein, D., Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Koenen, K., Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States	Purpose: Over a 30-year period in its recent history, daily life in Northern Ireland (NI) was characterised by civil violence, colloquially termed as the 'Troubles'. The current report examines exposure to 29 traumatic event types and the associated conditional prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among the Northern Ireland population, with a focus on the impact of traumatic events that were characteristic of the NI 'Troubles'. Method: Results presented are based on analysis of data from the Northern Ireland Study of Health and Stress (NISHS). The NISHS is a representative epidemiological study of mental health among the NI adult population (N = 4,340) and part of the World Mental Health Survey Initiative. Results: Perpetration of violence, physical assault by a spouse or partner and private events were the event types associated with the highest conditional prevalence of PTSD. Despite this elevated risk, collectively these events accounted for just 16.8 % of the overall public burden of PTSD, given their low prevalence among the general population. Events that were characteristic of civil conflict, including unexpected death of a loved one, witnessing death or a dead body or someone seriously injured and being mugged or threatened with a weapon accounted for the highest proportion of the overall public health burden of PTSD (18.6, 9.4 and 7.8 %, respectively). These findings are a feature of the higher prevalence of these events among the general population coupled with their moderate to above average risk of PTSD. Conclusions: Despite the formal end to conflict in NI in 1999, a substantial proportion of the adult population continue to suffer the adverse mental health effects of chronic trauma exposure. Given rates of recovery of PTSD in the absence of evidence-based treatments, it is likely that the legacy of mental ill health associated with conflict, if not adequately addressed, will endure for many years. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Conflict; Mental health; Northern Ireland; PTSD; Trauma	adult; aged; article; cost of illness; female; human; male; mental health; mental stress; middle aged; posttraumatic stress disorder; prevalence; psychological aspect; statistics; United Kingdom; violence; Adult; Aged; Cost of Illness; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Health; Middle Aged; Northern Ireland; Prevalence; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Stress, Psychological; Violence	R01 MH070884, NIMH, National Institute of Mental Health; R01 MH093612-01, NIMH, National Institute of Mental Health; R03- TW006481, FIC, Fogarty International Center
Scopus	2-s2.0-26644440930	Evaluation of lead and cadmium levels in some commonly consumed vegetables in the Niger-Delta oil area of Nigeria	Eriyamremu G.E., Asagba S.O., Akpoborie I.A., Ojeaburu S.I.	2005	Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology	75	2	10.1007/s00128-005-0749-1	Department of Biochemistry, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin-City, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; Department of Geology, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Delta State, Ni	Eriyamremu, G.E., Department of Biochemistry, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin-City, Nigeria; Asagba, S.O., Department of Biochemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; Akpoborie, I.A., Department of Geology, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; Ojeaburu, S.I., Department of Biochemistry, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin-City, Nigeria	[No abstract available]	None	cadmium; lead; rain; article; contamination; human; industrial area; Nigeria; pollutant; pollution; safety; soil; vegetable; Cadmium; Food Contamination; Lead; Nigeria; Vegetables	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-71449086098	Evaluation of endocrine disruptor levels in Kafue lechwe (kobus leche kafuensis) Samples from the blue Lagoon National Park of Zambia	Sichilongo K., Torto N.	2009	Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology	83	6	10.1007/s00128-009-9843-0	Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, P/B 00704, Gaborone, Botswana; Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa	Sichilongo, K., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, P/B 00704, Gaborone, Botswana; Torto, N., Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa	The concentrations of endocrine disruptors were determined in 36 liver tissue, serum and whole blood sample extracts drawn from 15 Blue Lagoon National Park Kafue lechwe. Out of 10 analytes evaluated, 89% of the sample extracts showed very high dieldrin concentrations of between 0.08-100 μg/mL in serum, 0.08-24.8 μg/mL in whole blood and 0.08-4.6 μg/g wet weight in liver tissue extracts. pp-DDE was detected in 83% of the sample extracts at 0.006-5.1 μg/mL in serum, 0.006-8.5 μg/mL in whole blood and 0.006-0.12 μg/g wet weight in liver tissue extracts. There was strong correlation between pp-DDE and dieldrin in all the three matrices. Deltamethrin and endosulfan detected at 50% frequency each. Percent recoveries in spiked laboratory blanks ranged between 60-100% while calculated detection limits ranged from 0.004 to 0.21 μg/mL for all the endocrine disruptors evaluated. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Blue Lagoon; Dieldrin; Kafue lechwe; Pp-DDE; Zambia	Analytes; Deltamethrin; Detection limits; Endocrine disruptor; Endosulfans; Liver tissue; National parks; Strong correlation; Wet weight; Whole blood; Blood; Insecticides; Lakes; Liver; Parks; Extraction; aldrin; deltamethrin; dieldrin; endocrine disruptor; endosulfan; heptachlor; animal tissue; antelope; article; blood sampling; female; Kobus leche kafuensis; lagoon; liver; male; national park; nonhuman; Zambia; Animals; Antelopes; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; Dieldrin; Endocrine Disruptors; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollutants; Female; Liver; Male; Zambia; Kobus leche	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956095468	Characterization and safety evaluation of the impact of hydrocarbon contaminants on ecological receptors	Nwaichi E.O., Onyeike E.N., Wegwu M.O.	2010	Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology	85	2	10.1007/s00128-010-0062-5	Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria	Nwaichi, E.O., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Onyeike, E.N., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Wegwu, M.O., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria	Hydrocarbon-contaminant removal efficiency of Bambara groundnuts and biomagnification was investigated. The crude oil contaminated soil samples in which the plants were established were either un-amended, or amended with NPK, or Urea, or Poultry manure. Amendments improved phytoextraction rates as follows: Urea - 63.37%, NPK - 65.99%, Poultry - manure - 70.04%, for PAH; Urea - 78.80%, NPK - 79.80%, Poultry manure - 87.90%, for BTEX. Hazard characterization from 28-day feeding study revealed negative effects of potentially toxic BTEX and PAH on organ weight, optimum digestibility and animal growth rate. Sleep time decreased with increasing hydrocarbon concentrations probably due to increased liver enzyme activity. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Exposure; Food safety; Hydrocarbon contamination; Phytoremediation	Biomagnification; Contaminant removal; Ecological receptors; Exposure; Food safety; Hydrocarbon contamination; Oil contaminated soil; Phytoextraction; Phytoremediation; Poultry manure; Safety evaluations; Sleep time; Bioremediation; Contamination; Crude oil; Enzyme activity; Health; Hydrocarbons; Impurities; Manures; Metabolism; Removal; Soil pollution; Soil pollution control; Urea; Chemical contamination; fertilizer; petroleum; animal; article; biomass; bioremediation; body weight; chemistry; drug effect; environmental monitoring; female; food chain; growth, development and aging; legume; Nigeria; organ size; peanut; plant root; rat; sleep; soil pollutant; Wistar rat; Animals; Arachis hypogaea; Biodegradation, Environmental; Biomass; Body Weight; Environmental Monitoring; Fabaceae; Female; Fertilizers; Food Chain; Nigeria; Organ Size; Petroleum; Plant Roots; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sleep; Soil Pollutants; Animalia; Arachis hypogaea; Bambara	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78651226915	Impact of fertilizers on heavy metal loads in surface soils in Nzoia Nucleus estate sugarcane farms in Western Kenya	Omwoma S., Lalah J.O., Ongeri D.M.K., Wanyonyi M.B.	2010	Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology	85	6	10.1007/s00128-010-0133-7	Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333, Maseno 40105, Kenya	Omwoma, S., Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333, Maseno 40105, Kenya; Lalah, J.O.; Ongeri, D.M.K., Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333, Maseno 40105, Kenya; Wanyonyi, M.B., Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333, Maseno 40105, Kenya	Analysis of heavy metals in top soil samples from Nzoia sugarcane farms in Western Kenya found elevated levels of heavy metals in the soils with mean concentrations (mg kg -1 dry weight) of 142.38, 59.12, 73.35, 116.27, 409.84 (dry season) and 144.22, 50.29, 72.14, 158.81, 368.83 (wet season) for Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn and Fe, respectively, compared with a control soil sample from an adjacent field where fertilizers are not applied having mean concentrations of 117.27, 61.87, 63.68, 123.49, 282.93 (dry season) 108.00, 50.68, 66.10, 114.23, 167.01 (wet season), respectively. The heavy metal loads in the sugarcane farms were above international standards. The levels of the same metals in the fertilizers used in the sugarcane farms were within acceptable international standards. A risk assessment of the continued use of phosphate fertilizer (DAP) in the farms based on a 50-year period, did not exceed international threshold. The soil pH values (6.18 dry season and 5.66 wet season) were low compared to the control (7.46 dry season and 7.10 wet season) a situation that could accelerate heavy metal solubility and mobility in the farm soil. Lowering of soil pH was attributed mainly to fertilizer application and partly to increased organic matter content as shown by the high mean total organic carbon content values of 8.63% (dry season) and 8.43 (wet season) in comparison with a control soil meant total organic carbon content value of 4.76% (dry season) and 5.02 (wet season). © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Fertilizer impact; Heavy metals; Kenya; Nzoia; Sugarcane farms	Continued use; Dry seasons; Dry weight; Elevated level; Farm soils; Fertilizer applications; International standards; Kenya; Mean concentrations; Metal solubility; Nzoia; Organic matter content; Soil pH; Soil sample; Surface soil; Top soils; Total organic carbon content; Wet season; Agricultural chemicals; Chromium; Curing; Drought; Farms; Lead; Metals; Organic carbon; Phosphate fertilizers; Risk assessment; Soil surveys; Soils; Soil pollution; fertilizer; heavy metal; agriculture; article; environmental monitoring; industrial waste; Kenya; pH; risk assessment; season; soil pollutant; sugarcane; Agriculture; Environmental Monitoring; Fertilizers; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Industrial Waste; Kenya; Metals, Heavy; Risk Assessment; Saccharum; Seasons; Soil Pollutants	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955879442	Multielemental analysis of migori (Southwest, Kenya) artisanal gold mine ores and sediments by EDX-ray fluorescence technique: Implications of occupational exposure and environmental impact	Odumo O.B., Mustapha A.O., Patel J.P., Angeyo H.K.	2011	Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology	86	5	10.1007/s00128-011-0242-y	Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Odumo, O.B., Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Mustapha, A.O., Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Patel, J.P., Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Angeyo, H.K., Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya	The results of heavy element profiling of the gold ores and sediments associated with the artisanal gold mining activities of the Migori gold belt of Southwestern Nyanza, Kenya, were reported in this paper. The analysis was made to assess the occupational exposure of the miners as well as to investigate the environmental impact of toxic heavy metals. Gold ores and sediments from the artisanal gold processing were sampled in four artisanal gold mining areas: Osiri A, Osiri B, Mikei and Macalder (Makalda) and analyzed for heavy elemental content using 109Cd radioisotope excited EDXRF spectrometry technique. Analysis consisted of direct irradiating of sample pellets. The concentrations of major elements detected were: titanium (711.41-10,766.67 mg/kg); cobalt (82.65-1,010.00 mg/kg); zinc (29.90-63,210 mg/kg); arsenic (29.30-8,246.59 mg/kg); gold (14.07-73.48 mg/kg); lead (16.31-14,999.40 mg/kg) and mercury (16.10-149.93 mg/kg). The average concentration of the heavy toxic metals i.e. arsenic, lead, titanium and zinc were found to be above 50 mg/Kg as recommended by World Health Organization. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	EDXRF; Gold mining; Ores and sediments; Toxic heavy metals	Artisanal gold minings; Average concentration; EDXRF; Elemental contents; Fluorescence technique; Gold mining; Gold ores; Gold processing; Heavy elements; Major elements; Multi-elemental analysis; Occupational exposure; Spectrometry technique; Toxic heavy metals; Toxic metals; World Health Organization; Anoxic sediments; Arsenic; Chemical elements; Cobalt; Environmental impact; Gold; Gold mines; Heavy metals; Mercury (metal); Metal analysis; Ores; Sedimentology; Spectrometry; Titanium; Toxic materials; Zinc; Gold ore treatment; gold; heavy metal; article; chemistry; environmental monitoring; human; instrumentation; Kenya; methodology; mining; occupational exposure; sediment; soil pollutant; spectrometry; statistics; Environmental Monitoring; Geologic Sediments; Gold; Humans; Kenya; Metals, Heavy; Mining; Occupational Exposure; Soil Pollutants; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856556176	Seasonal variability in cadmium, lead, copper, zinc and iron concentrations in the three major fish species, oreochromis niloticus, lates niloticus and rastrineobola argentea in winam gulf, Lake Victoria: Impact of wash-off into the lake	Ongeri D.M.K., Lalah J.O., Wandiga S.O., Schramm K.-W., Michalke B.	2012	Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology	88	2	10.1007/s00128-011-0472-z	Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333, Maseno, Kenya; Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Kenya Polytechnic University College, P.O. Box 52428, City Square, Nairobi 00200, Kenya; Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German National Research Centre for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany	Ongeri, D.M.K., Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333, Maseno, Kenya; Lalah, J.O., Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Kenya Polytechnic University College, P.O. Box 52428, City Square, Nairobi 00200, Kenya; Wandiga, S.O., Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; Schramm, K.-W., Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German National Research Centre for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Michalke, B., Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German National Research Centre for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany	Trace metals Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) and Iron (Fe) were analyzed in edible portions of three main finfish species namely Lates niloticus, Oreochromis niloticus and Rastrineobola argentea sampled from various beaches of Winam Gulf, Lake Victoria, Kenya, in order to determine any seasonal and site variations and the results showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher mean concentrations of Cd, Cu, Zn and Fe during the wet season compared to the dry season for all the three species indicating the impact of wash-off into the lake during the rainy periods. The overall mean concentrations of the heavy metals (in μg/g dry weight) in all combined samples ranged from 0.17-0.40 (Cd), 0.47-2.53 (Pb), 2.13-8.74 (Cu), 28.9-409.3 (Zn) and 31.4-208.1 (Fe), respectively. It was found that consumption of Rastrineobola argentea can be a significant source of heavy metals especially Zn, to humans, compared with Lates niloticus and Oreochromis niloticus, if only the muscle parts of the latter two are consumed. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Fish; Heavy-metals; Human-consumption; Lake Victoria	Dry seasons; Dry weight; Fish species; Human-consumption; Iron concentrations; Lake Victoria; Lates niloticus; Mean concentrations; Oreochromis niloticus; Seasonal variability; Site variation; Trace metal; Wet season; Winam Gulf; Cadmium; Fish; Lakes; Lead; Metals; Pollution; Trace elements; Zinc; Copper; cadmium; copper; heavy metal; iron; zinc; animal; article; chemistry; cichlid; diet; environmental monitoring; fish; human; Kenya; lake; metabolism; muscle; season; statistics; water pollutant; water pollution; Animals; Cadmium; Cichlids; Copper; Diet; Environmental Monitoring; Fishes; Humans; Iron; Kenya; Lakes; Metals, Heavy; Muscles; Seasons; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Pollution, Chemical; Zinc; Lates niloticus; Oreochromis niloticus; Rastrineobola argentea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867577556	Mercury bio-concentration by Puffballs (Lycoperdon perlatum) and evaluation of dietary intake risks	Falandysz J., Nnorom I.C., Jarzyńska G., Romińska D., Damps K.	2012	Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology	89	4	10.1007/s00128-012-0788-3	Institute of Environmental Sciences and Public Health, University of Gdańsk, 18 Sobieskiego Str, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland; Environmental Chemistry Unit, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria	Falandysz, J., Institute of Environmental Sciences and Public Health, University of Gdańsk, 18 Sobieskiego Str, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland; Nnorom, I.C., Environmental Chemistry Unit, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria; Jarzyńska, G., Institute of Environmental Sciences and Public Health, University of Gdańsk, 18 Sobieskiego Str, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland; Romińska, D., Institute of Environmental Sciences and Public Health, University of Gdańsk, 18 Sobieskiego Str, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland; Damps, K., Institute of Environmental Sciences and Public Health, University of Gdańsk, 18 Sobieskiego Str, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland	In the present study, Hg bioconcentration by Puffball (Lycoperdon perlatum) mushroom was investigated. Total Hg content of fruiting bodies and topsoil (0-10 cm layer) were determined by cold-vapour atomic absorption spectroscopy. For ten geographically distant sampling sites of Poland, Hg ranged from 0.91 ±0.28 to 2.4 ± 0.4 (overall range 0.57-4.5) μg/g dry weight in the carpophores and 0.012 ± 0.002 to 0.063 ±0.024 (overall range 0.0077-0.12) μg/g dw in topsoil. The mean values of the bioconcentration factor ranged from 28 ± 11 to 110 ± 36 (range 9.6-280) indicating that L. perlatum effectively accumulates Hg and could be classified as a Hg accumulator. Total Hg content of L. perlatum to some degree seems to be determined both by degree of soil contamination and metal bioavailability to mycelium and also the rate of transfer and accumulation in fruiting bodies at the sites surveyed. Summarized and discussed are published data available on total Hg and methylmercury in L. perlatum. © The Author(s) 2012.	Bioconcentration; Foods; Forest; Mushrooms; Soils; Wild foods	Atomic absorption spectroscopy; Bioconcentration; Bioconcentration factor; Dietary intakes; Dry weight; Forest; Fruiting bodies; Mean values; Metal bioavailability; Methyl mercury; Mushrooms; Sampling site; Soil contamination; Wild food; Atomic absorption spectrometry; Bioaccumulation; Biochemistry; Food products; Fungi; Mercury compounds; Soil pollution; Soils; Mercury (metal); mercury; Agaricales; article; chemistry; diet; environmental monitoring; food contamination; Poland; soil pollutant; statistics; Agaricales; Diet; Environmental Monitoring; Food Contamination; Mercury; Poland; Soil Pollutants; Basidiomycota; Lycoperdon perlatum; Marshallia caespitosa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33751509951	Design optimization of containers for sloshing and impact	Craig K.J., Kingsley T.C.	2007	Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization	33	1	10.1007/s00158-006-0038-6	Multi-Disciplinary Optimization Group (MDOG), Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Craig, K.J., Multi-Disciplinary Optimization Group (MDOG), Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Kingsley, T.C., Multi-Disciplinary Optimization Group (MDOG), Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	A multidisciplinary design and optimization (MDO) method is presented to support the design process of partially filled liquid containers subject to the disciplines of sloshing and impact analyses. Experimental techniques are used to understand sloshing as a phenomenon and to evaluate the computational fluid dynamics code. Validation includes qualitative comparison of visual free-surface behavior and quantitative comparisons of pressure measurements in the time and frequency domain. The liquid motion exhibits good comparisons in time. Deviations are caused by both the experimental signal filtration process and deficiencies in the low-frequency measurement capability of the accelerometer. The first two odd oscillatory modes are accurately captured. An objective function for the quantitative evaluation of the sloshing phenomenon is proposed. For impact the von Mises baffle stress is used. Single and multidisciplinary optimization formulations using LS-OPT are presented and examined. The multidisciplinary optimum proved to be a compromise between the optima obtained when considering the two single disciplines independently. © Springer-Verlag 2006.	Free-surface modeling; Impact; Mathematical optimization; MDO; Sloshing	Computational fluid dynamics; Design; Optimization; Signal filtering and prediction; Free surface; Frequency measurement; Liquid containers; Containers	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951948808	The performance of PCD tools in high-speed milling of Ti6Al4V	Oosthuizen G.A., Akdogan G., Treurnicht N.	2011	International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology	52	42625	10.1007/s00170-010-2804-2	Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Department of Process Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Oosthuizen, G.A., Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Akdogan, G., Department of Process Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Treurnicht, N., Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Tool performance of conventional tools is poor and a major constraint when used in milling titanium alloys at elevated cutting speeds. At these high cutting speeds, the chemical and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V cause complex wear mechanisms. In this paper, a fine-grain polycrystalline diamond (PCD) end mill tool was tested, and its wear behavior was studied. The performance of the PCD tool has been investigated in terms of tool life, cutting forces, and surface roughness. The PCD tool yielded longer tool life than a coated carbide tool at cutting speeds above 100 m/min. A slower wear progression was found with an increase in cutting speeds, whereas the norm is an exponential increase in tool wear at elevated speeds. Observations based on scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDAX) analysis suggest that adhesion of the workpiece is the wear main type, after which degradation of the tools accelerates probable due to the combined effect of high temperature degradation coupled with abrasion. © 2010 The Author(s).	High speed; Milling; PCD tool; Thermal softening; Ti6Al4V; Tool wear	High speed; Milling; PCD tool; Thermal softening; Ti-6al-4v; Tool wear; Carbide tools; Carbides; Cutting tools; Degradation; Diamond cutting tools; Energy dispersive spectroscopy; Mechanical properties; Milling (machining); Scanning electron microscopy; Speed; Surface roughness; Titanium; Titanium alloys; Tribology; Wear of materials; Equipment	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925534625	Performance of mixed ceramics and CBN tools during hard turning of martensitic stainless steel	Sobiyi K., Sigalas I., Akdogan G., Turan Y.	2015	International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology	77	42498	10.1007/s00170-014-6506-z	School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Process Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Castco Precision Castings, P.O. Box 19133, Tygerberg, South Africa	Sobiyi, K., School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, Johannesburg, South Africa; Sigalas, I., School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, Johannesburg, South Africa; Akdogan, G., Department of Process Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Turan, Y., Castco Precision Castings, P.O. Box 19133, Tygerberg, South Africa	This paper describes the wear behavior of a ceramic and a PcBN cutting tool during the turning of AISI 440B stainless steels at different machining conditions. Experimental results showed that the wear mechanism for ceramic cutting tool is predominantly abrasive wear and for cBN tools was adhesive wear and abrasive wear. The abrasive wear is as a result of hard carbide particles in the workpiece material resulting in grooves formed on the flank face. There was formation of transferred layer followed by plastic deformation on the rake face of PcBN tool when cutting at low speed and feed rate. Better surface finish (Ra) was recorded for ceramics but with deteriorating surface topography. The results also show that good dimensional accuracy can be achieved with cBN tools using CNC machine with high static and dimensional stiffness coupled with high-precision hard turning. © 2014, Springer-Verlag London.	Cutting tool; Hard turning; Mixed ceramics; PcBN	Abrasion; Abrasives; Carbides; Ceramic cutting tools; Ceramic materials; Computer control systems; Cubic boron nitride; Cutting tools; Machinery; Martensitic stainless steel; Surface topography; Tribology; Dimensional accuracy; Hard turning; Machining conditions; Mixed ceramic; PcBN; PCBN cutting tools; Transferred layer; Workpiece materials; Stainless steel	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84942364410	Tool life estimation based on acoustic emission monitoring in end-milling of H13 mould-steel	Olufayo O., Abou-El-Hossein K.	2015	International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology	81	42373	10.1007/s00170-015-7091-5	Laboratory of Precision Engineering, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa	Olufayo, O., Laboratory of Precision Engineering, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Abou-El-Hossein, K., Laboratory of Precision Engineering, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa	Developing a reliable monitoring system is essential to create an autonomous manufacturing industry for increased productivity. The tool life of a machine tool is a major key parameter in accessing process quality control for developing an automated system. Various machining parameters are known to have different effects on the tool life criterion. Thus, it is essential to estimate the correlation of these parameters on tool life. The aim of this research is geared at estimating the tool life criterion from the effects of machining parameters and monitors the high-speed end-milling process of H13 tool with coated carbide inserts using highly correlated AE features. Furthermore, it proposes a diagnostic scheme using a multi-sensor approach for categorising the state of the tool. This scheme uses feature components extracted via statistical means and wavelet transform to serve as inputs for a neural network. The results found that increased speed decreased tool life and feed rate possesses a negative correlation to wear. © 2015, Springer-Verlag London.	Acoustic emission; Machining; Tool life	Acoustic emission testing; Acoustic emissions; Automation; Carbide cutting tools; Carbides; Damage detection; Machine tools; Machining; Machining centers; Milling (machining); Wavelet transforms; Acoustic emission monitoring; Coated carbide insert; High speed end milling; Increased productivity; Manufacturing industries; Process quality control; Reliable monitoring systems; Tool life; Cutting tools	None
None	None	Psychosocial impact of obstetric fistula in women presenting for surgical care in Tanzania	Siddle K., Mwambingu S., Malinga T., Fiander A.	2013	International Urogynecology Journal and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction	24	7	10.1007/s00192-012-1994-6	Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom; Obstetric Fistula Department, Comprehensive Community Based Rehabilitation in Tanzania (CCBRT) Disability Hospital, PO Box 23310, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Siddle, K., Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom, Obstetric Fistula Department, Comprehensive Community Based Rehabilitation in Tanzania (CCBRT) Disability Hospital, PO Box 23310, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Mwambingu, S., Obstetric Fistula Department, Comprehensive Community Based Rehabilitation in Tanzania (CCBRT) Disability Hospital, PO Box 23310, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Malinga, T., Obstetric Fistula Department, Comprehensive Community Based Rehabilitation in Tanzania (CCBRT) Disability Hospital, PO Box 23310, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Fiander, A., Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom, Obstetric Fistula Department, Comprehensive Community Based Rehabilitation in Tanzania (CCBRT) Disability Hospital, PO Box 23310, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Introduction and hypothesis World Health Organisation data suggest that two million women live with the physical and psychosocial effects of obstetric fistula. As part of an expanded fistula programme in Tanzania, Comprehensive Community Based Rehabilitation in Tanzania (CCBRT) introduced an evaluation strategy to include impact of surgery on psychosocial aspects of obstetric fistula. This is an initial report documenting morbidity on admission. Methods A questionnaire assessing the impact of obstetric fistula was developed taking into account literature in the field including sections on: patient contact information, transport costs and a set of statements regarding the effects of fistula. The effects were spread across five domains: the physical consequences of obstetric fistula, the effects of a difficult delivery and possible stillbirth, the experience of isolation, the inability to undertake daily living activities and feelings of depression. The questionnaire was administered in Kiswahili by Tanzanian counsellors shortly after admission of patients onto the fistula ward. Results A total of 100 fistula patients reported high rates of physical and psychosocial morbidity. Over half of the patients said they would not have been able to access treatment without the transport costs being covered. Conclusions Fistula patients are affected by extremely high rates of physical and psychosocial morbidity. Further work is required to confirm these findings, validate assessment tools and assess contributing factors in greater detail over time, such as the effect of stillbirth, as well as the impact of surgery. © The International Urogynecological Association 2012.	Depression; Fistula; Obstetric fistula; Psychosocial effects; Stillbirth; Vesico-vaginal fistula	ADL disability; adult; article; childbirth; cystovaginal fistula; depression; female; financial management; health care access; hospital admission; human; major clinical study; morbidity; patient information; patient transport; physical capacity; priority journal; questionnaire; rectovaginal fistula; self concept; social isolation; social psychology; stillbirth; suicidal behavior; Tanzania; Dystocia; Female; Humans; Male; Pregnancy; Retrospective Studies; Tanzania; Vaginal Fistula	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33746394168	Effect of compressible foam properties on pressure amplification during shock wave impact	Seitz M.W., Skews B.W.	2006	Shock Waves	15	42433	10.1007/s00193-006-0033-2	School of Mechanical, Industrial, and Aeronautical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, PO WITS, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa	Seitz, M.W., School of Mechanical, Industrial, and Aeronautical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, PO WITS, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; Skews, B.W., School of Mechanical, Industrial, and Aeronautical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, PO WITS, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa	A comprehensive study is made of the influence of the physical properties of compressible open-cell foam blocks exposed to shock-wave loading, and particularly on the pressure distribution on the shock tube walls. Seven different foams are used, with three different shock Mach numbers, and three different slab lengths. Foam properties examined include permeability, density, stiffness, tortuosity and cell characteristics. The investigations concentrate on both side-wall and back-wall pressures, and the peak pressures achieved, as well as collapse velocities of the front face and the strength and nature of the reflected shock wave. The consequences of deviations from one-dimensionality are identified; primarily those due to wall friction and side-wall leakage. The results presented are the most comprehensive and wide ranging series conducted in a single facility and are thus a significant resource for comparison with theoretical and numerical studies. The different foams show significant differences in behavior, both in terms of peak pressure and duration, depending primarily on their density and permeability.	Complex materials; Foam; Porous; Shock impact; Shock-wave reflection	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899626945	The impact of missing data on clinical trials: A re-analysis of a placebo controlled trial of Hypericum perforatum (St Johns wort) and sertraline in major depressive disorder	Grobler A.C., Matthews G., Molenberghs G.	2014	Psychopharmacology	231	9	10.1007/s00213-013-3344-x	Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Durban 4013, South Africa; School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; I-BioStat, Universiteit Hasselt, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium	Grobler, A.C., Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Durban 4013, South Africa; Matthews, G., School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Molenberghs, G., I-BioStat, Universiteit Hasselt, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium	Rationale and objective: Hypericum perforatum (St John's wort) is used to treat depression, but the effectiveness has not been established. Recent guidelines described the analysis of clinical trials with missing data, inspiring the reanalysis of this trial using proper missing data methods. The objective was to determine whether hypericum was superior to placebo in treating major depression. Methods: A placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial was conducted for 8 weeks to determine the effectiveness of hypericum or sertraline in reducing depression, measured using the Hamilton depression scale. We performed sensitivity analyses under different assumptions about the missing data process. Results: Three hundred forty participants were randomized, with 28 % lost to follow-up. The missing data mechanism was not missing completely at random. Under missing at random assumptions, some sensitivity analyses found no difference between either treatment arm and placebo, while some sensitivity analyses found a significant difference from baseline to week 8 between sertraline and placebo (-1.28, 95 % credible interval [-2.48; -0.08]), but not between hypericum and placebo (0.56, [-0.64;1.76]). The results were similar when the missing data process was assumed to be missing not at random. Conclusions: There is no difference between hypericum and placebo, regardless of the assumption about the missing data process. There is a significant difference between sertraline and placebo with some statistical methods used. It is important to conduct an analysis that takes account of missing data using valid statistically principled methods. The assumptions about the missing data process could influence the results. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Antidepressant; Bayesian; Hamilton depression scale; Herbal medicine; Hypericum perforatum; Missing at random; Missing not at random; Multiple imputation; Sertraline; St John's wort	Hypericum perforatum extract; placebo; sertraline; article; comparative effectiveness; data analysis; drug efficacy; Hamilton scale; human; information processing; major clinical study; major depression; maximum likelihood method; missing data; multiple imputation method; priority journal; randomized controlled trial; randomized controlled trial (topic); sensitivity analysis; statistical analysis; validation process	N01MH70007, NIMH, National Institute of Mental Health
Scopus	2-s2.0-17444386363	Production and quality evaluation of a nonfermented beverage prepared from dehydrated plantain pulp	Akubor P.I.	2005	European Food Research and Technology	220	2	10.1007/s00217-004-1019-x	Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Federal Polytechnic, PMB 1037, Idah, Nigeria	Akubor, P.I., Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Federal Polytechnic, PMB 1037, Idah, Nigeria	Ripe plantain (Musa paradisiaca) pulp was cut into thin slices, oven dried (70°C, 6 h), milled, and sieved to produce flour. A beverage was formulated from the plantain flour at 1:7 (flour:water) ratio and 4% (w/v) sucrose addition level. The physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the beverage were evaluated. The effect of addition of various flavors on the sensory quality of the beverage was studied. The microbial status of the beverage was also assessed. The results showed that the plantain beverage contained 1.5% protein, 0.4% fat, 1.7% ash, 81% moisture, 15% total carbohydrate, 14 mg/100 ml ascorbic acid, and had pH 4.8. The sensory quality scores showed that the beverage was generally acceptable. Flavoring of the beverage did not significantly (p>0.05) improve its sensory quality attributes and overall acceptability preference. Total aerobic bacterial and Enterobacteriaceae counts were <100 cfu/ml. Yeast, mold, and Staphylococcus aureus were not detected in the plantain beverage. © Springer-Verlag 2004.	Beverage; Composition; Dehydration; Microbial status; Plantain; Sensory quality	Beverages; Composition; Crops; Dehydration; Fruits; pH effects; Sensors; Microbial status; Plantain; Ripe plantain; Sensory quality; Pulp; Beverages; Dehydration; Farm Crops; Formulations; Fruits; Ph; Pulps; Sensors; Bacteria (microorganisms); Enterobacteriaceae; Musa x paradisiaca; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34648817250	Maleic anhydride derivatives of a protein isolate: Preparation and functional evaluation	Lawal O.S., Dawodu M.O.	2007	European Food Research and Technology	226	02-Jan	10.1007/s00217-006-0525-4	Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstr. 45, Hamburg 20146, Germany; Department of Chemical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, P.M.B 2002, Agolwoye, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bowen	Lawal, O.S., Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstr. 45, Hamburg 20146, Germany, Department of Chemical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, P.M.B 2002, Agolwoye, Nigeria; Dawodu, M.O., Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria	African locust bean protein isolate (NPI) was acylated with maleic anhydride at various concentrations. Addition of maleic anhydride at the levels of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 g/g of protein produced 36.4% (MP1), 43.7% (MP2) and 73.6% (MP3) of maleylated protein isolate, respectively. Water absorption capacity increased after maleylation but oil absorption capacity reduced progressively with increase in level of modification. Results also revealed that gelation capacities reduced after protein modifications. Emulsifying activity (EA) and emulsion stability (ES) increased following protein modification. In addition, corresponding increases in emulsifying properties were observed with increase in degree of modification of the proteins. Maleylation improved the foaming capacity of the native protein. Foaming capacity increased with increases in protein concentration for both native and maleylated protein derivatives while progressive decline in foam stability occurred with increases in level of protein modification. © 2006 Springer-Verlag.	Functional properties; Maleic anhydride; Modification; Protein isolate	Derivatives; Emulsions; Gelation; Maleic anhydride; Water absorption; Emulsifying activity (EA); Emulsion stability (ES); Foam stability; Functional properties; Protein isolate; Proteins; Parkia filicoidea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864378106	Impact of miniature geolocation loggers on a small petrel, the thin-billed prion Pachyptila belcheri	Quillfeldt P., McGill R.A.R., Furness R.W., Möstl E., Ludynia K., Masello J.F.	2012	Marine Biology	159	8	10.1007/s00227-012-1971-0	Max-Planck-Institut für Ornithologie, Vogelwarte Radolfzell, Germany; Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 38, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry Facility, Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, East Kilbride, Glasgow G75 0QF, United Kingdom; College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; Department of Natural Sciences-Biochemistry, Veterinary University of Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Animal Demography Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa	Quillfeldt, P., Max-Planck-Institut für Ornithologie, Vogelwarte Radolfzell, Germany, Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 38, 35392 Giessen, Germany; McGill, R.A.R., Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry Facility, Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, East Kilbride, Glasgow G75 0QF, United Kingdom; Furness, R.W., College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; Möstl, E., Department of Natural Sciences-Biochemistry, Veterinary University of Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Ludynia, K., Max-Planck-Institut für Ornithologie, Vogelwarte Radolfzell, Germany, Animal Demography Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa; Masello, J.F., Max-Planck-Institut für Ornithologie, Vogelwarte Radolfzell, Germany, Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 38, 35392 Giessen, Germany	Effects of deployment of miniaturised transmitters and loggers have been studied mainly in diving seabirds such as penguins, and less so in flying seabirds. However, some studies of albatrosses and petrels recorded extended trip durations and elevated rates of nest desertion following device attachment, especially if transmitter loads exceeded 3 % of adult mass. Studies have usually compared performance parameters such as trip duration, meal mass, breeding success or rate of return in the next season between birds with devices and controls. We here examined the effects of geolocator loggers (Global Location Sensing, (GLS)) on thin-billed prions Pachyptila belcheri (130 g), by comparing performance parameters and additionally eco-physiological parameters. GLS weighed ca. 1 % of the body mass, and were fixed on leg rings, which may influence the flight efficiency by creating an asymmetric load. We found no differences in the performance parameters, either in the season of attachment or the season following recovery. Similar stable isotope ratios in adult blood and feather samples further indicated that the foraging ecology was not influenced. However, after 1 year of logger deployment, adults differed in their hormonal response to stress: while baseline corticosterone levels were not influenced, corticosterone levels in response to handling were elevated. Moreover, increased heterophil/lymphocyte ratios and a decreased tail growth in winter suggest that carrying the GLS was energetically costly, and adults adapted physiologically to the higher work load, while keeping up a normal breeding performance. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.	None	adaptation; bioenergetics; body mass; brood desertion; comparative study; environmental stress; foraging efficiency; hormone; isotopic ratio; parameterization; physiological response; reproductive success; seabird; sensor; stable isotope; tagging; Aves; Diomedeidae; Pachyptila belcheri; Procellariidae; Spheniscidae	None
None	None	Lack of impact of artesunate on the disposition kinetics of sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine when the two drugs are concomitantly administered	Minzi O.M.S., Gupta A., Haule A.F., Kagashe G.A.B., Massele A.Y., Gustafsson L.L.	2007	European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology	63	5	10.1007/s00228-007-0278-4	Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 65013, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Shelys Pharmaceutical Limited, P.O. BOX 3016, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 65013, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 65010, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 41 86, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden	Minzi, O.M.S., Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 65013, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Gupta, A., Shelys Pharmaceutical Limited, P.O. BOX 3016, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Haule, A.F., Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 65013, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Kagashe, G.A.B., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 65013, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Massele, A.Y., Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 65010, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Gustafsson, L.L., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 41 86, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden	Objective: To determine the effect of artesunate (AT) on the disposition kinetics of sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP) in humans. Methods: In a randomized cross-over study, 16 healthy volunteers were given a dose of three SP tablets containing 500 mg of sulfadoxine (SDX) and 25 mg of pyrimethamine (PYR) (=SP group), while the second arm received three SP tablets + two AT tablets of 200 mg in total followed by 100 mg AT for the next 4 days (SP+AT group). Blood samples (100 μl) were collected by means of a finger prick and dried on filter paper. The blood spots were wrapped in polythene folders and stored at room temperature until analysis. The samples were assayed using high-performance liquid chromatographic methods. Results: The peak concentration C max), time required to attain peak concentration (Tmax), half-life (t 1/2) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) were determined. The Cmax of SDX were 92.9 and 98.9 μg/ml for the SP and SP+AT arms, respectively; for PYR, these were 0.86 and 0.79 μg/ml, respectively. The Tmax of SDX were 10 and 8 h for the SP and SP+AT arms, respectively; for PYR, these were 4.0 and 3.0 h, respectively. The AUC0-288 of SDX were 15,840 and 18,876 μg/ml h for the SP and SP+AT arms, respectively; for PYR, they were 124 and 112 μg/ml h, respectively. The t 1/2 of values for SDX were 165 and 180 h for the SP and SP+AT arms, respectively; for PYR, these were 158 and 177 h, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the Cmax, Tmax, AUC0-288 and t 1/2 between the two arms (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion Taking AT concomitantly with SP does not have any impact in the disposition of SP. © 2007 Springer-Verlag.	Artesunate; Disposition kinetics; Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine	artesunate; fansidar; adult; article; blood analysis; blood sampling; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; crossover procedure; drug distribution; drug half life; high performance liquid chromatography; human; male; normal human; priority journal; randomized controlled trial; room temperature; tablet; Adult; Antimalarials; Area Under Curve; Artemisinins; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cross-Over Studies; Drug Combinations; Drug Interactions; Half-Life; Humans; Malaria, Falciparum; Pyrimethamine; Sesquiterpenes; Sulfadoxine	None
WoS	WOS:000250834900004	Adherence to HAART therapy measured by electronic monitoring in newly diagnosed HIV patients in Botswana	Anand, Bene,Cohen, Adam,Iwebor, Henry Uchechukwaka,Kristanto, Paulus,Rakesh, Pande,Stiekema, Jacobus,Vriesendorp, Reinout,Vrijens, Bernard	2007	EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY	63	12	10.1007/s00228-007-0369-2	Leiden University, VU University Amsterdam, Ardex Ltd, CHDR, Nyangabgwe Hosp, Pharmion Syst Ltd	None	Aims This pilot study was designed to evaluate the feasibility and benefits of electronic adherence monitoring of antiretroviral medications in HIV patients who recently started Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy (HAART) in Francistown, Botswana and to compare this with self-reporting. Methods Dosing histories were compiled electronically using Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) monitors to evaluate adherence to prescribed therapies. Thirty patients enrolled in the antiretroviral treatment program were monitored over 6 weeks. These patients were all antiretroviral (ARV) naive. After each visit (mean three times) to the pharmacy, the data compiled by the monitors were downloaded. Electronic monitoring of adherence was compared to patient self-reports of adherence. Results The mean individual medication adherence level measured with the electronic device was 85% (range 21-100%). The mean adherence level measured by means of self-reporting was 98% (range 70-100%). Medication prescribed on a once-a-day dose base was associated with a higher adherence level (97.9% for efavirenz) compared with a twice-a-day regimen (88.4% for Lamivudine/Zidovudine). Conclusions It is feasible to assess treatment adherence of patients living in a low resource setting on HAART by using electronic monitors. Adherence, even in the early stages of treatment, appears to be insufficient in some patients and may be below the level required for continuous inhibition of viral replication. This approach may lead to improved targeting of counselling about their medication intake of such patients in order to prevent occurrence of resistant viral strains due to inadequate inhibition of viral replication. In this pilot study a significant difference between the data recorded through the electronic monitors and those provided by self-reporting was observed.	ADHERENCE,HAART,"MEMS caps","ANTIRETROVIRAL ADHERENCE",CLINICAL-PRACTICE,COMBINATIONS,DIDANOSINE,DRUG-RESISTANCE,"INFECTED PATIENTS",NEVIRAPINE,"PROTEASE INHIBITORS",SELF-REPORT,ZIDOVUDINE	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922093345	Orofacial cleft outreach in rural Ghana: any positive impact on the community?	Agbenorku P., Agbenorku M., Klutsey E., Aboah K., Agamah G., Amevor E., Hoyte-Williams P.-E., Abude F., Sefenu R., Osei D., Kofitsey M., Fiifi-Yankson P.K.	2014	European Journal of Plastic Surgery	38	1	10.1007/s00238-014-1025-6	Reconstructive Plastic Surgery & Burns Unit, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Surgery, Kumasi, Ghana; Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana; School of Medical Sciences, Kumasi, Ghana; Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Health Education Unit, Global Evangelical Mission Hospital, Apromase, Ghana; Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Health and Allied Health Sciences, Ho, Ghana; Department of Surgery, St Martins de Porres Hospital, Agomanya, Ghana; Department of Nursing, Nurses Training College, Ho, Ghana; Department of Surgery, Sogakope District Hospital, Sogakope, Ghana; Department of Anaesthesia, Sogakope District Hospital, Sogakope, Ghana	Agbenorku, P., Reconstructive Plastic Surgery & Burns Unit, Kumasi, Ghana, Department of Surgery, Kumasi, Ghana, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana, School of Medical Sciences, Kumasi, Ghana, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Agbenorku, M., Health Education Unit, Global Evangelical Mission Hospital, Apromase, Ghana; Klutsey, E., Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Health and Allied Health Sciences, Ho, Ghana; Aboah, K., Department of Surgery, Kumasi, Ghana, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana, School of Medical Sciences, Kumasi, Ghana; Agamah, G., Department of Surgery, St Martins de Porres Hospital, Agomanya, Ghana; Amevor, E., Department of Nursing, Nurses Training College, Ho, Ghana; Hoyte-Williams, P.-E., Reconstructive Plastic Surgery & Burns Unit, Kumasi, Ghana, Department of Surgery, Kumasi, Ghana, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana; Abude, F., Department of Surgery, Sogakope District Hospital, Sogakope, Ghana; Sefenu, R., Department of Surgery, Sogakope District Hospital, Sogakope, Ghana; Osei, D., Department of Anaesthesia, Sogakope District Hospital, Sogakope, Ghana; Kofitsey, M., Department of Anaesthesia, Sogakope District Hospital, Sogakope, Ghana; Fiifi-Yankson, P.K., Department of Surgery, Kumasi, Ghana, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana, School of Medical Sciences, Kumasi, Ghana	Background: Orofacial clefts (OFC) are common congenital malformations in humans. They impact negatively on the life of the affected and often regarded as stigma in the society especially among the rural folks. The aim of this study was to analyze retrospectively the cases managed by a Ghanaian indigenous plastic surgery outreach team and prospectively outline the social impacts on the lives of those treated and their communities.Methods: The study reviewed the medical records of patients treated during OFC outreaches in rural Ghana from January 2003 to December 2012 (10 years). This involved visiting and interviewing patients and their parents/relatives, as well as the community leaders comprising chiefs, assemblymen, church leaders, etc., using structured pretested questionnaires within 5 days (September 1–5, 2013) in communities in southeast of Ghana.Results: A total of 32 outreach services were handled over the 10-year period, treating 303 OFC patients (among other pathologies), comprising 175 (57.8 %) males and 128 (42.2 %) females. Out of the 303, 159 (52.5 %) were located and interviewed; also, 65 community/opinion leaders/relatives were interviewed. Sixty-one percent (61 % = 35 patients) of the females and 48 % (n = 49) of the males got married after the surgery; 83 % (n = 45) of the school-going-age patients continued and completed basic schools.Conclusions: OFC outreaches help to restore the lives and dignity of cleft patients and their families improving their quality of life. Stigmatization and psychological effects on them were removed; they were well accepted in their societies and family gatherings.Level of Evidence: Level III, risk-prognostic study. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Community impact; Orofacial clefts; Outreach services; Psychological effects; Stigmatization	adolescent; adult; Article; child; cleft lip; cleft lip palate; cleft palate; community; female; Ghana; Ghanaian; human; interview; major clinical study; male; married man; married woman; medical record review; mouth malformation; orofacial cleft; parent; plastic surgery; priority journal; program impact; relative; retrospective study; rural area; structured questionnaire; treatment outcome; unilateral cleft lip	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38349166629	Rigid spine syndrome: A noninvasive cardiac evaluation	Stübgen J.-P.	2008	Pediatric Cardiology	29	1	10.1007/s00246-007-9056-4	Department of Neurology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021, United States	Stübgen, J.-P., Department of Neurology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021, United States	Rigid spine syndrome (RSS) is a group of childhood-onset muscle disorders characterized by marked limitation of flexion of the spine. Various cardiac changes have been documented in case reports. This study reports on a cardiac evaluation of nine patients with the "vacuolar variant" of RSS. Noninvasive cardiac evaluation entailed creatine kinase levels, full-inspiration chest roentgenograms, standard 12-lead ECG, and 24-h ambulatory ECG recording, as well as M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography with Doppler study. Heart auscultation was abnormal in five patients. Creatine kinase MB fraction was normal in all patients. Chest roentgenogram showed scoliosis (five of nine), kyphosis (one of nine), severe anterior-posterior flattening of the chest cavity (two of nine), elevated hemidiaphragm (one of nine), caved-in appearance of upper lobes (two of nine), and symmetry of lung volumes (one of nine). Twelve-lead ECG abnormalities indicated right-sided heart disease (three of nine). Echocardiogram showed mitral valve prolapse (five of nine) with regurgitation (three of five) and evidence of pulmonary hypertension (three of nine). Ambulatory ECG recorded paroxysmal tachyarrhythmias in hypoxic or hypercapnic patients (three of nine). There was no correlation between any cardiac abnormalities and patient weakness. Mitral prolapse/regurgitation may have a developmental association with this congenital myopathy. Findings of cor pulmonale were due to the restrictive chest wall defect and respiratory muscle weakness. Paroxysmal tachyarrhythmias were due to hypoxia or hypercapnia. There was no evidence of a primary cardiomyopathy. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Cardiac evaluation; Rigid spine syndrome	creatine kinase; adolescent; adult; article; back muscle; cardiomyopathy; child; clinical article; clinical feature; creatine kinase blood level; disease course; disease duration; Doppler echocardiography; electrocardiogram; female; heart auscultation; heart function; human; kyphosis; M mode echocardiography; male; mitral valve prolapse; mitral valve regurgitation; onset age; patient assessment; pulmonary hypertension; rigid spine syndrome; scoliosis; spine disease; spine mobility; thorax radiography; two dimensional echocardiography; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Creatine Kinase; Electrocardiography; Female; Heart Diseases; Humans; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Male; Mitral Valve Prolapse; Muscular Diseases; Pulmonary Heart Disease; Spinal Diseases; Syndrome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-58149120890	Nonfluoroscopic pressure colostography in the evaluation of genitourinary fistula of anorectal malformations: Experience in a resource-poor environment	Abdulkadir A.Y., Abdur-Rahman L.O., Adesiyun O.M.	2009	Pediatric Radiology	39	2	10.1007/s00247-008-1051-2	Department of Radiology, Teaching Hospital, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State 2340001, Nigeria; Paediatric Surgery Unit, Teaching Hospital, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	Abdulkadir, A.Y., Department of Radiology, Teaching Hospital, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State 2340001, Nigeria; Abdur-Rahman, L.O., Paediatric Surgery Unit, Teaching Hospital, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Adesiyun, O.M., Department of Radiology, Teaching Hospital, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State 2340001, Nigeria	Background: Radiological imaging is paramount for defining the genitourinary fistulae commonly associated with anorectal malformations prior to definitive surgery. The imaging options are resource-limited in many parts of the world. Nonfluoroscopic pressure colostography after colostomy is a cheap method for the evaluation of anorectal malformations. Objective: To describe our experience with nonfluoroscopic pressure colostography in the evaluation of anorectal malformations in boys. Materials and methods: The study included 12 boys with anorectal malformation who had colostomy and nonfluoroscopic pressure-augmented colostography with water-soluble contrast medium between January 2006 and December 2007. Results: Patient ages ranged from 2 days to 1 year. The types of genitourinary fistula were rectovesical (7.7%) and rectourethral (92.3%). Oblique radiographs were of diagnostic value in all patients. The types of anorectal malformations were high, intermediate and low in 75%, 8.3% and 16.7%, respectively. Short-segment urethral constriction was a common feature of rectourethral fistula (75%, n=9). Conclusion: Our experience has shown that genitourinary fistulae associated with anorectal malformations can be demonstrated reliably by nonfluoroscopic pressure colostography with two oblique radiographs, providing an option in resource-poor settings where fluoroscopic equipment is scarce. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.	Anorectal malformation; Children; Colostography; Genitourinary fistula; Imperforate anus	diatrizoate; meglumine diatrizoate; anorectal malformation; article; bladder; clinical article; clinical feature; colostomy; controlled study; diagnostic imaging; genitourinary fistula; human; infant; male; newborn; nonfluoroscopic pressure colostography; priority journal; urethra stricture; urogenital tract malformation; Anal Canal; Contrast Media; Genitalia, Male; Humans; Image Enhancement; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Pressure; Rectum; Resource Allocation; Urinary Fistula; Urogenital Abnormalities	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-69149110158	Comparing three-dimensional volume-rendered CT images with fibreoptic tracheobronchoscopy in the evaluation of airway compression caused by tuberculous lymphadenopathy in children	Du Plessis J., Goussard P., Andronikou S., Gie R., George R.	2009	Pediatric Radiology	39	7	10.1007/s00247-009-1262-1	Department of Radiology, University of Stellenbosch, P.O. Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Paediatrics, Tygerberg Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Radiology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Anzio Road, Cape Town, South Africa	Du Plessis, J., Department of Radiology, University of Stellenbosch, P.O. Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Goussard, P., Department of Paediatrics, Tygerberg Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Andronikou, S., Department of Radiology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Anzio Road, Cape Town, South Africa; Gie, R., Department of Paediatrics, Tygerberg Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; George, R., Department of Radiology, University of Stellenbosch, P.O. Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa	Background: Lymphobronchial tuberculosis (TB) causes airway compression in 38% of patients. The airway obstruction is conventionally assessed with fibreoptic tracheobronchoscopy (FTB). Multidetector-row spiral computed tomography (MDCT) with three-dimensional volume rendering (3-D VR) has significantly improved the imaging of the airways. No previous studies have assessed the accuracy of 3-D VR in determining the degree of airway compression in children due to TB lymphadenopathy. Objective: To compare 3-D VR CT to FTB for the assessment of airway compression due to TB lymphadenopathy in children. Materials and methods: Included in the study were 26 children presenting with symptoms of airway compression caused by pulmonary TB. MDCT of the chest and FTB were performed in all patients. Retrospective 3-D VR reconstruction of the major airways was performed from the original CT raw data and used to evaluate the tracheobronchial tree for site and degree of airway compression and then compared to the FTB findings. FTB was used as the reference standard Results: By FTB 87 sites of airway compression were identified. Using the 3-D VR technique, 138 sites of airway compression were identified, of which 78 (90%) matched with the sites identified by FTB. The sensitivity and specificity of 3-D VR when compared with that of FTB was 92% and 85%, respectively. In four patients (15%), severe narrowing of the bronchus intermedius made FTB evaluation of the right middle and right lower lobe bronchi impossible. VR demonstrated significant distal obstruction in three of these four patients Conclusion: 3-D VR demonstrates a very good correlation with FTB in determining airway compression caused by TB lymphadenopathy in children. In combination with FTB, 3-D VR adds confidence to the bronchoscopy findings and complements FTB by adding additional information on the status of the airway distal to severe obstructions unreachable by FTB. © 2009 Springer-Verlag.	Chest; Children; CT; Tuberculosis	prednisone; tuberculostatic agent; airway dynamics; airway obstruction; article; bronchoscopy; child; clinical article; compression; cone beam computed tomography; controlled study; female; fiberoptic bronchoscopy; human; infant; lung tuberculosis; male; multidetector computed tomography; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; preschool child; priority journal; school child; sensitivity and specificity; standard; three dimensional imaging; tuberculous lymphadenitis; airway obstruction; algorithm; bronchoscopy; comparative study; computer assisted diagnosis; computer assisted tomography; evaluation; fiber optics; image quality; laryngoscopy; methodology; reproducibility; tuberculous lymphadenitis; Airway Obstruction; Algorithms; Bronchoscopy; Fiber Optic Technology; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Laryngoscopy; Radiographic Image Enhancement; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880922843	Comparison of MR and fluoroscopic mucous fistulography in the pre-operative evaluation of infants with anorectal malformation: A pilot study	Alves J.C.G., Sidler D., Lotz J.W., Pitcher R.D.	2013	Pediatric Radiology	43	8	10.1007/s00247-013-2653-x	Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zyl Avenue, Parow Valley, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; Department of Surgical Sciences, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa	Alves, J.C.G., Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zyl Avenue, Parow Valley, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; Sidler, D., Department of Surgical Sciences, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Lotz, J.W., Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zyl Avenue, Parow Valley, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; Pitcher, R.D., Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zyl Avenue, Parow Valley, Cape Town 7700, South Africa	Background: Anorectal malformations are often associated with rectal pouch fistulas. Surgical correction requires accurate evaluation of the presence and position of such fistulas. Fluoroscopy is currently the chosen modality for the detection of fistulas. The role of MRI is unexplored. Objective: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of MR versus fluoroscopic fistulography in the pre-operative evaluation of infants with anorectal malformation. Materials and methods: We conducted a pilot study of infants requiring defunctioning colostomy for initial management of anorectal malformation. Dynamic sagittal steady-state free-precession MRI of the pelvis was acquired during introduction of saline into the mucous fistulas. Findings were compared among MR fistulography, fluoroscopic fistulography and intraoperative inspection. Results: Eight children were included. Median age at fistulography was 15 weeks, inter-quartile range 13-20 weeks; all were boys. There was full agreement among MR fistulography, fluoroscopic fistulography and surgical findings. Conclusion: The pilot data suggest that MR fistulography is promising in the pre-operative evaluation of children with anorectal malformation. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Anorectal malformation; Child; Fluoroscopic fistulography; MR fistulography; Preoperative evaluation	anorectal malformation; article; clinical article; colostomy; comparative effectiveness; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic imaging; diagnostic test accuracy study; fistulography; fluoroscopy; human; infant; intermethod comparison; male; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; nuclear magnetic resonance scanner; pilot study; preoperative evaluation; priority journal; prospective study; urethra fistula; Anus, Imperforate; Female; Humans; Infant; Intestinal Mucosa; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Pilot Projects; Preoperative Care; Prognosis; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939644885	Short-term impact of pictorial posters and a crash course on radiographic errors for improving the quality of paediatric chest radiographs in an unsupervised unit — a pilot study for quality-assurance outreach	Hlabangana L.T., Andronikou S.	2014	Pediatric Radiology	45	2	10.1007/s00247-014-3115-9	Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Johannesburg, South Africa	Hlabangana, L.T., Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Johannesburg, South Africa; Andronikou, S., Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Johannesburg, South Africa	Background: Chest radiography is the most commonly performed diagnostic X-ray examination. The radiation dose to the patient for this examination is relatively low but because of its frequent use, the contribution to the collective dose is considerable. Optimized image quality not only allows for more accurate diagnosis but also supports radiation protection, which is particularly important in children. Objective: To determine whether the introduction of a poster of technical errors in paediatric radiography accompanied by a short lecture (crash course) for radiographers on common errors can sustainably decrease the number and rate of these errors in an unsupervised radiology department (without a paediatric-trained radiologist or paediatric-trained radiography personnel). Materials and methods: We conducted a pilot study for quality-assurance outreach, with retrospective and prospective components, in the paediatric radiology department of a teaching hospital. The technical errors in frontal chest radiographs performed in the unit were assessed by quality-assurance analysis using a customized tick-sheet. The review was performed before and after an intervention that involved a half-hour crash course and poster displays in the department. We compared the rate of technical errors made before and after the intervention. Results: There was statistically significant improvement in quality of radiographs (P < 0.0083) performed immediately after the intervention. There was a statistically significant decline in the quality of radiographs performed >2 months after the intervention. Conclusion: A simple intervention of a crash course and poster placement resulted in improved quality of paediatric chest radiographs. A decline in quality after 2 months suggests the need to repeat this or another type of intervention regularly. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Chest radiography; Paediatric; Quality assurance	diagnostic error; education; female; human; infant; male; medical education; pediatrics; pilot study; preschool child; prevention and control; procedures; prospective study; radiology; retrospective study; standards; teaching hospital; thorax radiography; total quality management; Child, Preschool; Diagnostic Errors; Education, Medical, Continuing; Female; Hospitals, Teaching; Humans; Infant; Male; Pediatrics; Pilot Projects; Prospective Studies; Quality Improvement; Radiography, Thoracic; Radiology; Retrospective Studies	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-37649005638	Evaluation of adherence, hydrophobicity, aggregation, and biofilm development of Flavobacterium johnsoniae-like isolates	Basson A., Flemming L.A., Chenia H.Y.	2008	Microbial Ecology	55	1	10.1007/s00248-007-9245-y	Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Basson, A., Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Flemming, L.A., Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Chenia, H.Y., Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Flavobacterium spp. isolates have been identified in diverse biofilm structures, but the mechanism of adherence has not been elucidated. The absence of conventional biofilm-associated structures such as fimbriae, pili, and flagella suggest that surface hydrophobicity, and/or autoaggregation and coaggregation may play an important role in adherence and biofilm formation. The biofilm-forming capacity of 29 Flavobacterium johnsoniae-like isolates obtained from South African aquaculture systems was assessed using microtiter plate assays. The role of hydrophobicity [salting aggregation test (SAT) and bacterial adherence to hydrocarbons (BATH) assays], autoaggregation, and coaggregation on biofilm formation by Flavobacterium spp. was also investigated, while biofilm structure was examined using flow cells and microscopy. All isolates displayed a hydrophilic nature, but showed varying levels of adherence in microtiter assays. Significant negative correlations were observed between adherence and biofilm-forming capacity in nutrient-poor medium at 26°C and BATH hydrophobicity and motility, respectively. Isolates displayed strain-to-strain variation in their autoaggregation indices and their abilities to coaggregate with various Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms. Microcolony and/or biofilm development were observed microscopically, and flavobacterial isolates displayed stronger biofilm structures and interaction with a Vibrio spp. isolate than with an Aeromonas hydrophila isolate. The role of extracellular polysaccharides and specific outer membrane proteins will have to be examined to reveal mechanisms of adherence and coaggregation employed by biofilm-forming F. johnsoniae-like strains. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	None	congo red; polystyrene derivative; animal; aquaculture; article; bacterium adherence; biofilm; carp; classification; eel; fish disease; Flavobacterium; growth, development and aging; hydrophobicity; isolation and purification; metabolism; microbiology; physiology; rainbow trout; South Africa; Animals; Aquaculture; Bacterial Adhesion; Biofilms; Carps; Congo Red; Eels; Fish Diseases; Flavobacterium; Hydrophobicity; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Polystyrenes; South Africa; Aeromonas hydrophila; Bacteria (microorganisms); Flavobacterium; Flavobacterium johnsoniae; Negibacteria; Posibacteria; Vibrio	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919917412	Characterization of binding specificities of bovine leucocyte class I molecules: impacts for rational epitope discovery	Hansen A.M., Rasmussen M., Svitek N., Harndahl M., Golde W.T., Barlow J., Nene V., Buus S., Nielsen M.	2014	Immunogenetics	66	12	10.1007/s00251-014-0802-5	Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya; Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Greenport, NY, United States; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States	Hansen, A.M., Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Rasmussen, M., Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Svitek, N., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya; Harndahl, M., Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Golde, W.T., Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Greenport, NY, United States; Barlow, J., Department of Animal Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States; Nene, V., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya; Buus, S., Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Nielsen, M., Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina	The binding of peptides to classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I proteins is the single most selective step in antigen presentation. However, the peptide-binding specificity of cattle MHC (bovine leucocyte antigen, BoLA) class I (BoLA-I) molecules remains poorly characterized. Here, we demonstrate how a combination of high-throughput assays using positional scanning combinatorial peptide libraries, peptide dissociation, and peptide-binding affinity binding measurements can be combined with bioinformatics to effectively characterize the functionality of BoLA-I molecules. Using this strategy, we characterized eight BoLA-I molecules, and found the peptide specificity to resemble that of human MHC-I molecules with primary anchors most often at P2 and P9, and occasional auxiliary P1/P3/P5/P6 anchors. We analyzed nine reported CTL epitopes from Theileria parva, and in eight cases, stable and high affinity binding was confirmed. A set of peptides were tested for binding affinity to the eight BoLA proteins and used to refine the predictors of peptide–MHC binding NetMHC and NetMHCpan. The inclusion of BoLA-specific peptide-binding data led to a significant improvement in prediction accuracy for reported T. parva CTL epitopes. For reported CTL epitopes with weak or no predicted binding, these refined prediction methods suggested presence of nested minimal epitopes with high-predicted binding affinity. The enhanced affinity of the alternative peptides was in all cases confirmed experimentally. This study demonstrates how biochemical high-throughput assays combined with immunoinformatics can be used to characterize the peptide-binding motifs of BoLA-I molecules, boosting performance of MHC peptide-binding prediction methods, and empowering rational epitope discovery in cattle. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	BoLA; Bovine leucocyte antigen; CTL epitopes; Immunoinformatics; Rational epitope discovery	bovine leukocyte antigen class i molecule; epitope; major histocompatibility antigen class 1; peptide; unclassified drug; beta 2 microglobulin; epitope; HLA antigen class 1; ligand; peptide library; protein binding; recombinant protein; animal cell; antigen binding; Article; binding affinity; bioinformatics; computer model; controlled study; cross reaction; dissociation; high throughput screening; human; major histocompatibility complex; molecule; nonhuman; peptide library; protein binding; Theileria parva; validation process; amino acid sequence; animal; binding site; Bovinae; chemistry; epitope mapping; genetics; immunology; metabolism; position weight matrix; protein motif; reproducibility; Bos; Bovinae; Theileria parva; Amino Acid Motifs; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; beta 2-Microglobulin; Binding Sites; Cattle; Cross Reactions; Epitope Mapping; Epitopes; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; Humans; Ligands; Peptide Library; Peptides; Position-Specific Scoring Matrices; Protein Binding; Recombinant Proteins; Reproducibility of Results	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33748688828	Preliminary evaluation of hydrochemistry of the Kalambaina Formation, Sokoto Basin, Nigeria	Alagbe S.A.	2006	Environmental Geology	51	1	10.1007/s00254-006-0302-5	Department of Geology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Alagbe, S.A., Department of Geology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Hydrochemical investigations in the Kalambaina Formation have been initiated to determine potability and suitability of the shallow groundwater for domestic and agricultural uses. This limestone formation is an extensive aquifer supplying water to livestock and domestic wells in its outcrop areas. The aquifer is recharged by rainfall and discharges mainly into the Sokoto-Rima River system and lakes at Kware, Gwadabawa and Kalmalo in Nigeria. Because recharge to the aquifer is mainly from rainfall, the quality of the groundwater is controlled essentially by chemical processes in the vadose zone and locally by human activities. Water samples were taken at 11 sites comprising boreholes, dug wells and a spring and were chemically analysed for their major ion components. Hydrochemical results show water of fairly good quality. It is, however, hard and generally of moderate dissolved solids content. Concentration of the total dissolved solids is between 130 and 2,340 mg/l. Concentrations of ions vary widely but a high concentration of K+ is found in places. NO 3- is on the higher side of the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits, indicating pollution in such areas. Groundwater chemistry is predominantly of two facies, namely the calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate and calcium-magnesium-sulphate-chloride facies. These facies probably evolved primarily as a result of dissolution of calcium and magnesium carbonates as well as some human/land-use activities. © Springer-Verlag 2006.	Hydrochemistry; Kalambaina Formation; Limestone aquifer; Nigeria; Sokoto Basin	Aquifers; Groundwater; Land use; Rain; Water quality; Water supply; Groundwater chemistry; Hydrochemistry; Kalambaina Formation; Sokoto Basin, Nigeria; Limestone; groundwater; hydrochemistry; limestone; recharge; shallow water; vadose zone; World Health Organization; Africa; Nigeria; Sokoto Basin; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846091132	Impact of tailings from the Kilembe copper mining district on Lake George, Uganda	Owor M., Hartwig T., Muwanga A., Zachmann D., Pohl W.	2007	Environmental Geology	51	6	10.1007/s00254-006-0398-7	Department of Geology, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Institute of Environmental Geology, Technical University, P.O. Box 3329, Braunschweig 38023, Germany	Owor, M., Department of Geology, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Hartwig, T., Institute of Environmental Geology, Technical University, P.O. Box 3329, Braunschweig 38023, Germany; Muwanga, A., Department of Geology, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Zachmann, D., Institute of Environmental Geology, Technical University, P.O. Box 3329, Braunschweig 38023, Germany; Pohl, W., Institute of Environmental Geology, Technical University, P.O. Box 3329, Braunschweig 38023, Germany	The abandoned Kilembe copper mine in western Uganda is a source of contaminants, mobilised from mine tailings into R. Rukoki flowing through a belt of wetlands into Lake George. Water and sediments were investigated on the lakeshore and the lakebed. Metal associations in the sediments reflect the Kilembe sulphide mineralisation. Enrichment of metals was compared between lakebed sediments, both for wet and dry seasons. Total C in a lakebed core shows a general increment, while Cu and Co decrease with depth. The contaminants are predominant (> 65%) in the ≤ 63 μm sediment size range with elevated Cu and Zn (> 28%), while Ni, Pb and Co are low (< 18%) in all the fractions. Sequential extraction of Fe for lakeshore sediment samples reveals low Fe mobility. Relatively higher mobility and biological availability is seen for Co, Cu and S. Heavy metal contents in lake waters are not an immediate risk to the aquatic environment. © 2006 Springer-Verlag.	Aqueous geochemistry; Copper mining; Heavy metals; Lake George; Uganda	Copper mines; Environmental impact; Impurities; Sediments; Wetlands; Aqueous geochemistry; Copper mining; Lake George; Uganda; Tailings; abandoned mine; copper; enrichment; heavy metal; lacustrine deposit; lake pollution; pollutant source; tailings; Africa; East Africa; East African Lakes; Lake George [Western Province]; Sub-Saharan Africa; Uganda; Western Province [Uganda]	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846580904	Groundwater overdraft vulnerability and environmental impact assessment in Arusha	Ong'or B.T.I., Long-Cang S.	2007	Environmental Geology	51	7	10.1007/s00254-006-0408-9	College of Water Resources and Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Science and Technology, Western University, P.O. Box 190, Kakamega 50100, Kenya	Ong'or, B.T.I., College of Water Resources and Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China, College of Science and Technology, Western University, P.O. Box 190, Kakamega 50100, Kenya; Long-Cang, S., College of Water Resources and Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China	A simple approach is proposed for identifying areas vulnerable to groundwater overdraft. The methodology utilizes GIS techniques to analyze and evaluate controlling factors in areas with little data. The proposed methodology was applied in Arusha. Water demand in Arusha Municipality and its environs has increased to about 5.3% annually since 1999. Groundwater levels have declined. The aquifer hydrogeological variables were evaluated for impact to potential groundwater overdraft by overlay and index techniques. The spatial distribution of overdraft vulnerability was discussed. The northwestern part of Arusha is the most vulnerable to overdraft and possible serious environmental impacts. The Loruvani area has the most potential for aquifer development due to its permeability, high recharge rate, massive aquifer thickness and low drawdown. © 2006 Springer-Verlag.	Arusha; Environmental impacts; Geographic information system; Groundwater overdraft; Groundwater spatial and temporal vulnerability; Hydrogeological; Qualitative hydrogeology; Tanzania	Aquifers; Environmental impact; Geographical regions; Hydrogeology; Municipal engineering; Water supply; Groundwater levels; Groundwater overdraft; Hydrogeological variables; Qualitative hydrogeology; Groundwater; aquifer characterization; environmental impact assessment; GIS; groundwater; hydrogeology; index method; methodology; spatial distribution; vulnerability; water demand; water level; Africa; Arusha [Arusha (RGA)]; Arusha [Tanzania]; East Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33847337381	Impact of water overexploitation on highland lakes of eastern Ethiopia	Alemayehu T., Furi W., Legesse D.	2007	Environmental Geology	52	1	10.1007/s00254-006-0468-x	Department of Earth Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Oromiya Water Well Drilling Enterprise, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Alemayehu, T., Department of Earth Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Furi, W., Oromiya Water Well Drilling Enterprise, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Legesse, D., Department of Earth Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	The eastern Ethiopian highland is endowed with large potential of water resources in terms of rainfall, groundwater and surface water. Yet, due to overpumping of lake water and groundwater and environmental degradation, Lakes Haromaya and Adele have completely dried up. The environmental degradation, due to deforestation and clearing of land for farming, has increased the rate of siltation in the lakes that dramatically decreases the lakes' volume and surface albedo, which increased the rate of evaporation. The impact of these factors is aggravated due to decreasing net recharge to the lake and the alluvial aquifer. Over the last 35 years, pumping of lake water for irrigation, mainly for subsistence farming, domestic and industrial use shows an increasing trend. Hence, the available water for drinking and industrial purposes decreased drastically. In this research, classical Penman aerodynamic combined energy budget, Penman nomogram methods, conventional soil moisture water balance method and Penman-Monteith model were adopted to estimate free evaporation, actual and potential evapotranspirations. The results indicate that evaporation is the dominant factor for the loss of water and water abstraction is 316% higher than the effective precipitation, which is 110 mm/year. Therefore, overexploitation of the available resources has played an aggravating role for the loss of the lakes in the area. The main cause for such resource depletion is the lack of integrated water resources management strategies. The current water shortage in the area has mainly affected urban residents of Harar, Awoday and Alemaya towns and the surrounding villages, which depend heavily on the two lakes. To alleviate the current crises interbasin water transfer and rainwater harvesting would be possible alternatives besides ameliorating environmental situation of the basin. © 2006 Springer-Verlag.	Evaporation; Groundwater; Surface water; Water resources	Deforestation; Evapotranspiration; Irrigation; Lakes; Surface waters; Weathering; Lake water; Water resources management; Groundwater; deforestation; environmental degradation; environmental impact; evaporation; evapotranspiration; exploitation; groundwater abstraction; numerical model; Penman-Monteith equation; resource depletion; soil moisture; water budget; water resource; Deforestation; Ground Water; Irrigation; Lakes; Surface Water; Weathering; Africa; Alemaya; Awoday; East Africa; Ethiopia; Harar; Lake Adele; Lake Haromaya; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36448940830	Environmental impact assessment of risk associated with groundwater overdraft remediation in cone of depression, Jining, China	Ong'or B.T.I., Shu L.-C., Liu P.-G.	2007	Environmental Geology	53	4	10.1007/s00254-007-0687-9	College of Water Resources and Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Science and Technology, Western University, P.O. Box 190, Kakamega 50100, Kenya	Ong'or, B.T.I., College of Water Resources and Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China, College of Science and Technology, Western University, P.O. Box 190, Kakamega 50100, Kenya; Shu, L.-C., College of Water Resources and Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Liu, P.-G., College of Water Resources and Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China	In this paper, a simple scenario and probabilistic approach is used to assess the potential groundwater risk due to proposed overdraft remedial actions in cone of depression, Jining City, China. Focusing on the concentrations of Chloride ions (Cl -) and total hardness (TH), the impact of artificial recharge and reduced pumping on groundwater quality and quantity is analysed by using the three-dimensional finite difference groundwater flow and transport model, Visual MODFLOW, to simulate groundwater flow and transport within the study area based on scenarios, and utilizes SURFER software to map risk levels. Although 5, 10 or 15% reduced pumping with artificial recharge leads to more decrease in Cl - and TH concentrations than the 25%, less volume increase is achieved for the remediation of land subsidence and other environmental problems in the cone of depression. The Cl - concentrations in recovered groundwater are within the desired concentration of 200 mg/l; however, TH in some cases are above the maximum permissible limit of 500 mg/l, with an exceedence probability of about 0.67 for recharge and recharge with reduced pumping at 25%. The presence of fractures and hydrogeological complexity greatly determines impacts of remediation, and the 22% reduced pumping with artificial recharge offers an optimum strategy for overdraft remediation in the Jining cone of depression. © 2007 Springer-Verlag.	Artificial recharge; Groundwater quality and quantity; Jining China; Reduced pumping; Risk assessments; Visual MODFLOW	Chlorine compounds; Environmental impact; Hydrogeology; Probabilistic logics; Remediation; Risk assessment; Three dimensional; Chloride ions; Overdraft remedial actions; Three-dimensional finite difference groundwater flow; Transport model; Groundwater; chloride; degradation; environmental impact assessment; groundwater flow; hardness; recharge; remediation; risk assessment; three-dimensional flow; water quality; Asia; China; Eurasia; Far East; Jining; Shandong	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38749131266	Hydrogeochemical evaluation of groundwater in the lower Offin basin, Ghana	Kortatsi B.K., Tay C.K., Anornu G., Hayford E., Dartey G.A.	2008	Environmental Geology	53	8	10.1007/s00254-007-0772-0	CSIR-Water Research Institute, P. O. Box M32, Accra, Ghana; Civil Engineering Department, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana; Geology Department, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana	Kortatsi, B.K., CSIR-Water Research Institute, P. O. Box M32, Accra, Ghana; Tay, C.K., CSIR-Water Research Institute, P. O. Box M32, Accra, Ghana; Anornu, G., Civil Engineering Department, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana; Hayford, E., Geology Department, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Dartey, G.A., CSIR-Water Research Institute, P. O. Box M32, Accra, Ghana	Alumino-silicate mineral dissolution, cation exchange, reductive dissolution of hematite and goethite, oxidation of pyrite and arsenopyrite are processes that influence groundwater quality in the Offin Basin. The main aim of this study was to characterise groundwater and delineate relevant water-rock interactions that control the evolution of water quality in Offin Basin, a major gold mining area in Ghana. Boreholes, dug wells, springs and mine drainage samples were analysed for major ions, minor and trace elements. Major ion study results show that the groundwater is, principally, Ca-Mg-HCO 3 or Na-Mg-Ca-HCO 3 in character, mildly acidic and low in conductivity. Groundwater acidification is principally due to natural biogeochemical processes. Though acidic, the groundwater has positive acid neutralising potential provided by the dissolution of alumino-silicates and mafic rocks. Trace elements' loading (except arsenic and iron) of groundwater is generally low. Reductive dissolution of iron minerals in the presence of organic matter is responsible for high-iron concentration in areas underlain by granitoids. Elsewhere pyrite and arsenopyrite oxidation is the plausible process for iron and arsenic mobilisation. Approximately 19 and 46% of the boreholes have arsenic and iron concentrations exceeding the WHO's (Guidelines for drinking water quality. Final task group meeting. WHO Press, World Health Organization, Geneva, 2004) maximum acceptable limits of 10 μg l -1 and 0.3 mg l -1, for drinking water. © 2007 Springer-Verlag.	Cation exchange; Ghana; Offin basin; Oxidation; Pyrite and arsenopyrite; Silicate weathering	Biogeochemistry; Catchments; Hydraulic conductivity; Oxidation; Silicate minerals; Arsenopyrite; Cation exchange; Ghana; Groundwater acidification; Hydrogeochemical evaluation; Offin basin; Groundwater; acidification; aluminosilicate; concentration (composition); dissolution; gold mine; groundwater; hydrogeochemistry; ion exchange; iron; oxidation; water quality; Africa; Ghana; Offin Basin; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-48249158364	Environmental impact assessment using FORM and groundwater system reliability concept: Case study Jining, China	Shu L.C., Liu P.G., Ongor B.T.I.	2008	Environmental Geology	55	3	10.1007/s00254-007-1016-z	State Key Lab. of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 190, Kakamega 50100, Kenya	Shu, L.C., State Key Lab. of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Liu, P.G., State Key Lab. of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Ongor, B.T.I., State Key Lab. of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 190, Kakamega 50100, Kenya	In this paper, fist-order reliability method (FORM) is used to evaluate the impacts of uncertainties posed by traditional deterministic models on the environment in Jining, China. Because of groundwater contamination in shallow aquifer, and an increase in water demand, the new wells target the confined aquifer with constant pumping rate of 5,000 m 3/d. Using Theis equation, the groundwater drawdown is analyzed to determine whether the confined aquifer will be contaminated. Although the piezometric level is higher than the phreatic level by 11.0 m, the risk of drawdown is still 19.49% when the pumping rate of 5,000 m 3/d is maintained for 2 years. The deterministic model indicates a drawdown of 8.94 m which is lower than the maximum tolerance drawdown of 11.0 m. The sensitivity and uncertainty analysis reveal that the model result is more sensitive to transmissivity than specific yield, while the reliability analysis offers significant information for the decision makers. This approach exposes and minimizes the risk of undesirable consequences such as groundwater contamination. © 2007 Springer-Verlag.	China; FORM; Groundwater drawdown; Jining; Reliability analysis; Risk	Environmental impact; Environmental impact assessments; Groundwater; Groundwater resources; Hydrogeology; Offshore oil well production; Underground reservoirs; Case studies; Confined aquifers; Deterministic modeling; Ground water systems; Groundwater contamination; Impact Assessment (IA); Pumping rates; Reliability methods; Shallow aquifers; Water demands; Groundwater pollution; aquifer pollution; confined aquifer; environmental impact assessment; hydrological modeling; piezometer; reliability analysis; sensitivity analysis; uncertainty analysis; water demand; Asia; China; Eurasia; Far East; Jining; Shandong	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-42449110670	The impact of scientific information on ecosystem management: Making sense of the contextual gap between information providers and decision makers	Van Wyk E., Roux D.J., Drackner M., McCool S.F.	2008	Environmental Management	41	5	10.1007/s00267-008-9084-8	Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Department of Society and Conservation, College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812-0576, United States	Van Wyk, E., Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Roux, D.J., Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Drackner, M., Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; McCool, S.F., Department of Society and Conservation, College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812-0576, United States	Scientific information is not always effectively incorporated into decision-making processes. This phenomenon seems to hold even when the information is aligned with an articulated need, is generated according to sound scientific procedures, and is packaged with end-user preferences in mind. We propose that contextual or cultural differences contribute significantly to the misalignment in communication between those who generate information and those who seek information for improved management of natural resources. The solution is to cultivate shared understanding, which in turn relies on acknowledgment and sharing of diverse values and attitudes. This constitutes a difficult challenge in a culturally diverse environment. Whereas cultural diversity represents wealth in experiences, knowledge and perspectives it can constrain the potential to develop the shared understandings necessary for effective integration of new information. This article illustrates how a lack of shared understanding among participants engaged in a resource-management process can produce and perpetuate divergent views of the world, to the extent that information and knowledge flows are ineffective and scientific information, even when requested, cannot be used effectively. Four themes were distilled from interviews with management and scientific staff of a natural resource-management agency in South Africa. The themes are used to illustrate how divergent views embedded in different cultures can discourage alignment of effort toward a common purpose. The article then presents a sense-making framework to illustrate the potential for developing shared understandings in a culturally diverse world. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Culture; Ecosystem management; Learning; Scientific information; Shared understanding	Cultural diversity; Ecosystem management; Decision making; Environmental management; Information use; Natural resources; Ecosystems; decision making; ecosystem management; learning; natural resource; participatory approach; perception; public attitude; resource management; traditional knowledge; article; cultural anthropology; decision making; environmental management; South Africa; Comprehension; Conservation of Natural Resources; Cultural Diversity; Decision Making; Ecosystem; Humans; Information Management; Knowledge; Science; South Africa; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-62549135657	Mapping grazing-induced degradation in a semi-arid environment: A rapid and cost effective approach for assessment and monitoring	Thompson M., Vlok J., Rouget M., Hoffman M.T., Balmford A., Cowling R.M.	2009	Environmental Management	43	4	10.1007/s00267-008-9228-x	GeoTerraImage, P.O. Box 295, Persequor TechnoPark, Pretoria 0020, South Africa; Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; Biodiversity Center, South African National Botanical Institute, Brumeria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom; Leslie Hill Institute for Plant Conservation, Department of Botany, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Thompson, M., GeoTerraImage, P.O. Box 295, Persequor TechnoPark, Pretoria 0020, South Africa; Vlok, J., Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; Rouget, M., Biodiversity Center, South African National Botanical Institute, Brumeria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa, Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom; Hoffman, M.T., Leslie Hill Institute for Plant Conservation, Department of Botany, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Balmford, A., Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom; Cowling, R.M., Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa	Improved techniques for measuring and monitoring the state of biodiversity are required for reporting on national obligations to international and regional conservation institutions. Measuring the extent of grazing-related degradation in semi-arid ecosystems has proved difficult. Here we present an accurate and cost-effective method for doing this, and apply it in a South African semi-arid region that forms part of a globally significant biodiversity hotspot. We grouped structurally and functionally similar vegetation units, which were expert-mapped at the 1:50,000 scale, into four habitat types, and developed habitat-specific degradation models. We quantified degradation into three categories, using differences between dry and wet season values of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for the three succulent karoo habitats, and the difference between maximum and mean NDVI values for the subtropical thicket habitat. Field evaluation revealed an accuracy of 86%. Overall, degradation was high: 24% of the study area was modeled as severely degraded, and only 9% as intact. Levels of degradation were highest for bottomland habitats that were most exposed to grazing impacts. In sharp contrast to our methods, a widely used, broad-scale and snapshot assessment of land cover in South Africa was only 33% accurate, and it considerably underestimated the extent of severely degraded habitat in the study area. While our approach requires a multidisciplinary team, and in particular expert knowledge on the characteristics and spatial delimitation of vegetation types, it is repeatable, rapid, and relatively inexpensive. Consequently, it holds great promise for monitoring and evaluation programs in semi-arid ecosystems, in Africa, and beyond. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Land cover; Land degradation; Monitoring; Remote-sensing; Semi-arid ecosystems; South Africa	Cost-effective approaches; Cost-effective methods; Degradation models; Dry and wets; Evaluation programs; Expert knowledge; Field evaluations; Habitat types; Hot spots; Induced degradations; Land cover; Land degradation; Multi-disciplinary teams; Normalized difference vegetation indices; Semi-arid ecosystems; Semi-arid environments; Semi-arid regions; Sharp contrasts; South Africa; Spatial delimitations; Study areas; Vegetation types; Arid regions; Biodiversity; Cost effectiveness; Degradation; Landforms; Monitoring; Ocean habitats; Remote sensing; Vegetation; Ecosystems; biodiversity; cost-benefit analysis; environmental degradation; environmental impact assessment; environmental monitoring; grazing; mapping method; NDVI; remote sensing; semiarid region; vegetation type; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Conservation of Natural Resources; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring; Geography; South Africa; Africa; Karoo; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871339333	Factors affecting the impact of off-road driving on soils in an area in the Kruger National Park, South Africa	Nortjé G.P., Van Hoven W., Laker M.C.	2012	Environmental Management	50	6	10.1007/s00267-012-9954-y	Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria, South Street Lynnwood Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng 0002, South Africa; Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa	Nortjé, G.P., Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria, South Street Lynnwood Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng 0002, South Africa; Van Hoven, W., Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa; Laker, M.C., Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa	Studies on the effects of off-road driving on soils were conducted in the Makuleke Contractual Park of the Kruger National Park. The studies were conducted on three different soils with different textures and soil compactibilities. Traffic pressure was applied with a game drive vehicle loaded with 11 sand bags, each weighing 70 kg. This gave a total vehicle mass of 3,795 kg, simulating a vehicle fully laden with tourists. The study included: (i) comparing of the effects of four different tyre pressures; (ii) comparing the effects of 1-3 vehicle passes over the same tyre tracks; (iii) comparison of traffic effects under dry and wet soil moisture conditions, on soil compaction, respectively. After each pass penetration resistances were measured (a) on the tyre tracks, (b) between the tyre tracks and (c) at different distances outside the tyre tracks. As expected, vehicular traffic caused soil compaction below the wheel tracks. Lower tyre pressures caused less compaction than higher tyre pressures. Fewer vehicle passes also caused less compaction than more passes on the same tracks, but most compaction occurred during the first pass. Thus, driving on the same tracks more than once is less damaging than driving once on different tracks. Controlled traffic should be considered when developing management strategies for off-road driving in wildlife protected areas. © The Author(s) 2012.	Off-road driving; Penetration resistance; Soil compaction; Tyre pressure; Vehicle passes; Vehicular traffic	Controlled traffic; Dry and wet; Management strategies; Moisture conditions; National parks; Off-road driving; Penetration resistances; Protected areas; Soil compaction; South Africa; Traffic effect; Traffic pressure; Tyre pressure; Vehicle mass; Wheel track; Airport vehicular traffic; Compaction; Conservation; Roads and streets; Soil mechanics; Soil moisture; Vehicles; Tires; compaction; environmental impact; human activity; pressure effect; protected area; road transport; soil moisture; soil texture; strategic approach; tire; wildlife management; article; environmental factor; environmental impact; motor vehicle; national park; off road driving; pressure; soil; soil compaction; soil moisture; South Africa; traffic; Automobile Driving; Recreation; Soil; South Africa; Kruger National Park; South Africa	None
WoS	WOS:000321917200007	Public Hearing or 'Hearing Public'? An Evaluation of the Participation of Local Stakeholders in Environmental Impact Assessment of Ghana's Jubilee Oil Fields	Bawole, Justice Nyigmah	2013	ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT	52	2	10.1007/s00267-013-0086-9	University of Ghana	None	This article investigates the involvement of local stakeholders in the environmental impact assessment (EIA) processes of Ghana's first off-shore oil fields (the Jubilee fields). Adopting key informants interviews and documentary reviews, the article argues that the public hearings and the other stakeholder engagement processes were cosmetic and rhetoric with the view to meeting legal requirements rather than a purposeful interest in eliciting inputs from local stakeholders. It further argues that the operators appear to lack the social legitimacy and social license that will make them acceptable in the project communities. A rigorous community engagement along with a commitment to actively involving local stakeholders in the corporate social responsibility (CSR) programmes of the partners may enhance the image of the partners and improve their social legitimacy. Local government agencies should be capacitated to actively engage project organisers; and government must mitigate the impact of the oil projects through well-structured social support programmes.	"ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT",GHANA,"public hearing","public participation","Social legitimacy and license",stakeholder,"APPLIED LINGUISTICS",COMMUNITY,EIA,INDIA,MANAGEMENT,"QUALITATIVE INTERVIEWS"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898544390	Impact of off-road vehicles (ORVs) on ghost crabs of sandy beaches with traffic restrictions: A case study of Sodwana Bay, South Africa	Lucrezi S., Saayman M., Van Der Merwe P.	2014	Environmental Management	53	3	10.1007/s00267-013-0223-5	TREES - Tourism Research in Economic Environs and Society, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	Lucrezi, S., TREES - Tourism Research in Economic Environs and Society, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Saayman, M., TREES - Tourism Research in Economic Environs and Society, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Van Der Merwe, P., TREES - Tourism Research in Economic Environs and Society, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	Off-road vehicles (ORVs) are popular in coastal recreation, although they have negative impacts on sandy shores. In South Africa, ORVs are banned from most coastal areas, while some areas are designated for restricted ORV use, providing an opportunity to assess whether ORV traffic restrictions translate into biological returns. In Sodwana Bay, the impact of ORVs on ghost crab populations was investigated. During Easter 2012, ghost crab burrows were counted on beach sections open and closed to traffic. Burrow density in the Impact section was less than a third that of the Reference section, and by the end of the study burrow size in the Impact section was half that of the Reference section. ORV traffic caused a shift in burrow distribution to the Lower beach. However, differences in burrow densities between sections were 14 times smaller than differences obtained at a time when ORV use in Sodwana Bay was not controlled. While confirming the well-established detrimental effects of ORV use on sandy beach ecosystems, results demonstrated that traffic restrictions on beaches measurably minimize impacts to the fauna, thus translating into clear-cut biological returns. © Springer Science+Business Media 2013.	Burrow density; Ghost crabs; Impact; Off-road vehicle (ORV); Sandy beach; Traffic restrictions	Beaches; Coastal zones; Off road vehicles; Coastal area; Ghost crabs; Impact; Sandy beach; Sandy shores; South Africa; Traffic restrictions; Shellfish; article; case study; crab; moisture; motor vehicle; nonhuman; population density; sand; seashore; sediment; shear strength; South Africa; traffic; animal; bay; Brachyura; ecosystem; legislation and jurisprudence; motor vehicle; physiology; population dynamics; recreation; statistical model; statistics and numerical data; swimming; Ocypodidae; Animals; Bathing Beaches; Bays; Brachyura; Ecosystem; Linear Models; Off-Road Motor Vehicles; Population Density; Population Dynamics; Recreation; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84934441126	Displacement, Deprivation and Development: The Impact of Relocation on Income and Livelihood of Tribes in Similipal Tiger and Biosphere Reserve, India	Mahapatra A.K., Tewari D.D., Baboo B.	2015	Environmental Management	56	2	10.1007/s00267-015-0507-z	Forest and Environment Department, Regional Plant Resource Center, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India; University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, Richards Bay, South Africa	Mahapatra, A.K., Forest and Environment Department, Regional Plant Resource Center, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India; Tewari, D.D., University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, Richards Bay, South Africa; Baboo, B., Forest and Environment Department, Regional Plant Resource Center, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India	A large volume of literature describes adverse consequences of conservation-induced displacement on indigenous communities depended on natural resources of wildlife habitat. Resettlement policies in protected areas the world over are mainly designed and implemented without consideration of social and economic costs of exclusion. This study examined income and poverty profile of tribal residents in Similipal Tiger and Biosphere Reserve in India, relative to the households relocated out of the reserve. The income from different sources and livelihood diversification of displaced reserve dwellers reflected changes resulting from the loss of access to natural and household assets. The results contradicted common perception about impoverishment outcome of relocation. It showed an increase in the per capita income for poorer segments with an overall 8 % increase in absolute household income and corresponding improvement in the poverty ratio (head count ratio) and FGT index (0.241) for the relocated community. Contrary to other studies, the finding did not observe social alignment or marginalization; however, on-farm livelihood diversification reduced with increased dependence on off-farm sources. Expulsion of people from forest reserves to support conservation is inadequate in restricting habitat use of locals unless suitable alternative livelihood options are available for forest dependent was proven from the study. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Forest income; Household economy; Park dwellers; Resettlement	Biospherics; Ecosystems; Forestry; Alternative livelihoods; Biosphere reserve; Forest income; Household economy; Indigenous community; Per capita income; Resettlement; Wildlife habitats; Conservation; adult; cost; demography; economics; ecosystem; environmental protection; family size; forest; human; income; India; population group; procedures; rural population; Adult; Conservation of Natural Resources; Costs and Cost Analysis; Ecosystem; Family Characteristics; Forests; Humans; Income; India; Population Groups; Residence Characteristics; Rural Population	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940960972	Population Growth and Its Impact on the Design Capacity and Performance of the Wastewater Treatment Plants in Sedibeng and Soshanguve, South Africa	Teklehaimanot G.Z., Kamika I., Coetzee M.A.A., Momba M.N.B.	2015	Environmental Management	56	4	10.1007/s00267-015-0564-3	Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Water Care Unit, TUT, Private Bag X680, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Arcadia Campus, Pretoria, South Africa	Teklehaimanot, G.Z., Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Water Care Unit, TUT, Private Bag X680, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Arcadia Campus, Pretoria, South Africa; Kamika, I., Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Water Care Unit, TUT, Private Bag X680, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Arcadia Campus, Pretoria, South Africa; Coetzee, M.A.A., Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Water Care Unit, TUT, Private Bag X680, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Arcadia Campus, Pretoria, South Africa; Momba, M.N.B., Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Water Care Unit, TUT, Private Bag X680, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Arcadia Campus, Pretoria, South Africa	This study investigated the effects of population growth on the performance of the targeted wastewater treatment plants in Sedibeng District and Soshanguve peri-urban area, South Africa. The impact of population growth was assessed in terms of plant design, operational capacity (flow rate) and other treatment process constraints. Between 2001 and 2007, the number of households connected to the public sewerage service increased by 15.5, 17.2 and 37.8 % in Emfuleni, Lesedi and Midvaal Local Municipalities, respectively. Soshanguve revealed a 50 % increment in the number of households connected to the sewerage system between 1996 and 2001. Except for Sandspruit (−393.8 %), the rate of influent flows received by Meyerton increased by 6.8 ML/day (67.8 %) and 4.7 ML/day (46.8 %) during the dry and wet seasons, respectively. The flow rate appeared to increase during the wet season by 6.8 ML/day (19.1 %) in Leeuwkuil and during the dry season by 0.8 ML/day (3.9 %) in Rietgat. Underperformance of the existing wastewater treatment plants suggests that the rapid population growth in urban and peri-urban areas (hydraulic overloading of the wastewater treatment plants) and operational constraints (overflow rate, retention time, oxygen supply capacity of the plants and chlorine contact time) resulted in the production of poor quality effluents in both selected areas. This investigation showed that the inefficiency of Meyerton Wastewater Treatment Plant was attributed to the population growth (higher volumes of wastewater generated) and operational constraints, while the cause of underperformance in the other three treatment plants was clearly technical (operational). © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Nitrification; Population growth; Wastewater treatment; Water pollution	Chemicals removal (water treatment); Effluents; Flow rate; Nitrification; Oxygen supply; Population statistics; Reclamation; Sewage pumping plants; Sewers; Toxicity; Urban growth; Water pollution; Water treatment; Water treatment plants; Dry and wet seasons; Operational capacity; Operational constraints; Population growth; Rapid population growth; Sewerage services; Treatment process; Wastewater treatment plants; Wastewater treatment; chlorine; nitrate; phosphate; phosphorus; storm water; absorption; activated sludge; aeration; aquatic environment; Article; bacterial growth; chemical oxygen demand; chlorination; climate; concentration (parameters); controlled study; denitrification; disinfection; environmental sanitation; Escherichia coli; flow rate; health hazard; household; human; nitrification; nonhuman; oxidation; oxygenation; population growth; population size; public health; seasonal variation; sedimentation rate; sewage effluent; South Africa; suspended particulate matter; waste water management; waste water treatment plant; water pollution	87310, NRF, National Research Foundation of Korea
Scopus	2-s2.0-33744758352	Evaluation of trauma care capabilities in four countries using the WHO-IATSIC Guidelines for Essential Trauma Care	Mock C., Nguyen S., Quansah R., Arreola-Risa C., Viradia R., Joshipura M.	2006	World Journal of Surgery	30	6	10.1007/s00268-005-0768-4	Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Hanoi Health Department, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Sistema Estatal de Atencion de Emergencias Medicas, Secretaría de Salud, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; Public Health System, Bhavnagar, Gujarat State, India; Academy of Traumatology (India), Ahmedabad, India	Mock, C., Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Nguyen, S., Hanoi Health Department, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Quansah, R., Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Arreola-Risa, C., Sistema Estatal de Atencion de Emergencias Medicas, Secretaría de Salud, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; Viradia, R., Public Health System, Bhavnagar, Gujarat State, India; Joshipura, M., Academy of Traumatology (India), Ahmedabad, India	Background: We sought to identify affordable and sustainable methods to strengthen trauma care capabilities globally, especially in developing countries, using the Guidelines for Essential Trauma Care. These guidelines were created by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Society of Surgery and provide recommendations on elements of trauma care that should be in place at the range of health facilities globally. Methods: The guidelines were used as a basis for needs assessments in 4 countries selected to represent the world's range of geographic and economic conditions: Mexico (middle income; Latin America); Vietnam (low income; east Asia); India (low income; south Asia); and Ghana (low income; Africa). One hundred sites were assessed, including rural clinics (n = 51), small hospitals (n = 34), and large hospitals (n = 15). Site visits utilized direct inspection and interviews with administrative and clinical staff. Results: Resources were partly adequate or adequate at most large hospitals, but there were gaps that could be improved, especially in low-income settings, such as shortages of airway equipment, chest tubes, and trauma-related medications; and prolonged periods where critical equipment (e.g., X-ray, laboratory) were unavailable while awaiting repairs. Rural clinics everywhere had difficulties with basic supplies for resuscitation even though some received significant trauma volumes. In all settings, there was a dearth of administrative functions to assure quality trauma care, including trauma registries, trauma-related quality improvement programs, and regular in-service training. Conclusions: This study identified several low-cost ways in which to strengthen trauma care globally. It also has demonstrated the usefulness of the Guidelines for Essential Trauma Care in providing an internationally applicable, standardized template by which to assess trauma care capabilities. © 2006 by the Société Internationale de Chirurgie.	None	article; cost benefit analysis; evaluation; Ghana; hospital care; human; India; injury; laboratory test; Mexico; patient care; practice guideline; standardization; Viet Nam; world health organization; X ray analysis; Developing Countries; Emergency Medical Services; Emergency Service, Hospital; Ghana; Guideline Adherence; Health Facility Size; Humans; India; International Cooperation; Mexico; Practice Guidelines; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Societies, Medical; Socioeconomic Factors; Traumatology; Vietnam; World Health Organization	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349332484	The impact of launching surgery at the district level in niger	Sani R., Nameoua B., Yahaya A., Hassane I., Adamou R., Hsia R.Y., Hoekman P., Sako A., Habibou A.	2009	World Journal of Surgery	33	10	10.1007/s00268-009-0160-x	Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niamey, Niamey, Niger, South Africa; Regional Hospital of Dosso, Dosso, Niger; District Hospital, Dosso Region, Dosso, Niger; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States	Sani, R., Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niamey, Niamey, Niger, South Africa; Nameoua, B., Regional Hospital of Dosso, Dosso, Niger; Yahaya, A., District Hospital, Dosso Region, Dosso, Niger; Hassane, I., District Hospital, Dosso Region, Dosso, Niger; Adamou, R., District Hospital, Dosso Region, Dosso, Niger; Hsia, R.Y., Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Hoekman, P., Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niamey, Niamey, Niger, South Africa; Sako, A., Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niamey, Niamey, Niger, South Africa; Habibou, A., Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niamey, Niamey, Niger, South Africa	In 2005, the Ministry of Health in association with the Faculty of Medicine of Niamey decided to launch surgery at the district hospital (DH) level as part of the health strategy for the country. Surgical procedures were provided by general practitioners who received 12 months of training in basic surgery. Whereas the initiative was launched nationwide, we chose randomly to study the region of Dosso during a 1-year time period of January 2007 to December 2007 in the three district hospitals as well as the regional hospital of Dosso. During the course of 1 year, 544 patients received operations in the three DHs, of which 37.9% (n = 206) were emergent and 62.1% (n = 338) were elective. The most common emergent interventions were cesarean sections (70%) and uterine ruptures (7.8%). For elective surgeries, hernia repairs comprised 80.8% of the cases. The mortality rate of emergent surgeries was 7.3 and 0% in the cases of elective surgeries. Of note, there was a large reduction in transfers to the regional hospital: 52% compared to 2006 and 82% compared to 2005. In 66.1% of the transfers, the cases consisted of fractures, and in 10.4% of abdominal trauma and critical thoracic emergencies. Further study of this initiative has highlighted other challenges, including that of human resources, equipment maintenance, provision of consumables, and the need for continued training. Results from this governmental initiative to provide surgery in rural district hospitals by general practitioners are promising and encouraging. In the rural district of Dosso, there have been no deaths from elective surgery, and the number of surgical transfers to the regional hospital has drastically diminished. © 2009 The Author(s).	None	abdominal injury; adult; article; cesarean section; elective surgery; emergency surgery; fracture; general practitioner; government; health program; hernioplasty; hospital; human; major clinical study; mortality; Niger; patient transport; resource allocation; surgery; surgical patient; surgical training; thorax surgery; uterus rupture; Emergencies; Family Practice; Hospitals, District; Humans; Niger; Patient Transfer; Rural Population; Surgical Procedures, Elective; Surgical Procedures, Operative	None
WoS	WOS:000274328200014	Impact of Parallel Anesthesia and Surgical Provider Training in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Model for a Resource-poor Setting	Bird, Peter,Newton, Mark	2010	WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGERY	34	3	10.1007/s00268-009-0195-z	Vanderbilt University, Kijabe Hosp	"Newton, Mark: Vanderbilt University",	The lack of appropriate numbers of anesthesia and surgical care providers in many resource-poor countries around the world, especially in rural populations, prevents adequate care of the large numbers of patients who require surgery in these settings. This article provides a 10-year review of a rural hospital located in East Africa which developed a training program based on parallel training of anesthesia and surgical care providers. We report the process of building the foundational aspects of a customized medical education program that addresses specific concerns related to the work in a rural African context, which may be very different from medical care provided in the urban settings of low income countries (LIC). We analyzed how the parallel training can provide the clinical tools needed to have a practical impact on the surgical burden in rural Africa. The parallel training program combining training of nurse-anesthetists with the training of multiple levels of surgical care providers, from interns to fellows, led to a fourfold increase in the number of surgical cases. Surgical subspecialty training and the development of an anesthesia care team with anesthesia consultant(s) oversight can serve to maintain a high level of complex and expanding surgical case volume in a rural African hospital setting. This model can be applied to other similar situations in LIC, where the anesthesia and surgical care can be coupled and then customized for the unique clinical rural setting.	,DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES,DEVELOPING-WORLD,DISTRICT,HEALTH,KENYA,NIGERIA,PEDIATRIC-SURGERY,SERVICES,UGANDA	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955467685	The impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on patients with locally advanced breast cancer in a Nigerian semiurban teaching hospital: A single-center descriptive study	Arowolo O.A., Akinkuolie A.A., Lawal O.O., Alatise O.I., Salako A.A., Adisa A.O.	2010	World Journal of Surgery	34	8	10.1007/s00268-010-0617-y	Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State 220005, Nigeria	Arowolo, O.A., Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State 220005, Nigeria; Akinkuolie, A.A., Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State 220005, Nigeria; Lawal, O.O., Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State 220005, Nigeria; Alatise, O.I., Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State 220005, Nigeria; Salako, A.A., Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State 220005, Nigeria; Adisa, A.O., Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State 220005, Nigeria	Background: There is a paucity of data on the response of breast cancer to neoadjuvant c in low-resources developing African countries such as Nigeria. We therefore decided to study the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on breast cancer patients in Nigeria in the light of constrained resources. Methods: This was a single-center retrospective descriptive study. Sixty-two patients with locally advanced breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the last 24 years in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Nigeria, constituted the study population. The outcome measures were clinical tumor response, disease-free survival, overall survival, and chemotherapy toxicity profile. Results: Patients ranged in age from 30 to 85 years (mean = 49.1 ± SD 12.7 years) and included one male. After three cycles of chemotherapy, complete clinical response was observed in 4 patients (6.5%), partial clinical response in 28 patients (45.2%), no clinically measurable response in 24 patients (38.7%), and progressive disease in 6 patients (9.7%). Forty-one patients completed six cycles, of which 9 patients (22.0%) had complete clinical response and 12 patients (29.3%) had partial clinical response. Four of 30 patients (13.3%) with tumor size of 6-10 cm had complete clinical response, while no patient with a tumor bigger than 10 cm had complete clinical response. Of the 62 patients, 42 were followed up for more than 1 year. The 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates of this cohort were 66.7, 42.9, and 11.9%, respectively The median follow-up period was 9 months and the disease-free survival and overall survival rates at median follow-up period were 45 and 37%, respectively. Conclusion: There was a poor overall clinical response rate to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the Black population studied. Late presentation with large tumor mass may be accountable for this. © 2010 Société Internationale de Chirurgie.	None	antineoplastic agent; cyclophosphamide; doxorubicin; fluorouracil; adjuvant chemotherapy; adjuvant therapy; adult; aged; article; breast tumor; female; human; male; middle aged; mortality; Nigeria; pathology; retrospective study; survival rate; teaching hospital; treatment outcome; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Breast Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms, Male; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Cyclophosphamide; Doxorubicin; Female; Fluorouracil; Hospitals, Teaching; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Nigeria; Retrospective Studies; Survival Rate; Treatment Outcome	None
WoS	WOS:000285998100002	Evaluation of Trauma and Critical Care Training Courses on the Knowledge and Confidence of Participants in Kenya and Zambia	Aphivantrakul, Paul,Labib, Mohammed,Lupasha, Emanual,MacLeod, Jana B. A.,Nthele, Mzaza,Okech, Moses	2011	WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGERY	35	1	10.1007/s00268-010-0810-z	Emory University, University of Zambia, Nakuru Prov Hosp, Univ Teaching Hosp	"Aphivantrakul, Paul: Emory University","Labib, Mohammed: University of Zambia","Lupasha, Emanual: University of Zambia","MacLeod, Jana B. A.: Emory University","Nthele, Mzaza: University of Zambia",	Background Trained health-care personnel are essential for improved outcomes for injured and critically ill patients. The highest injury-related mortality is seen in sub-Saharan Africa, where there is a paucity of skilled personnel. Therefore, the College of Surgeons of East, Central, and Southern Africa (COSECSA) along with Emory University provided an acute trauma care (ATC) and fundamental critical care support course (FCCS). This study evaluates the impact of American-derived courses on the knowledge and confidence of participants from resource-limited countries. Methods Courses were held in Lusaka, Zambia, and Nakuru, Kenya. Participants were COSECSA trainees and personnel from local institutions. The evaluation used a pre-/postcourse multiple-choice exam for knowledge acquisition and a pre-/postcourse questionnaire for confidence assessment. Confidence was measured using a 5-point Likert score, with 5 being the highest level of confidence. Confidence or self-reported efficacy is correlated with increased performance of new skills. Results There were 75 participants (median age = 31 years, 67% male). Three-quarters of the participants reported no prior specific training in either trauma or critical care. Knowledge increased from an average of 51 to 63.3% (p = 0.002) overall, with a 21.7% gain for those who scored in the lowest quartile. Confidence increased from pre- to postcourse on all measures tested: 22 clinical situations (10 trauma, 9 critical care, 3 either) and 15 procedures (p &lt; 0.001 for all measures both individually and aggregated, Wilcoxon rank sum test). The strongest absolute increase in confidence, as well as the largest number of participants who reported any increase, were all in the procedures of cricothyroidotomy [median: pre = 3 (IQR: 2-3) to post = 5 (IQR: 4-5)], DPL [median: pre = 3 (IQR: 2-4) to post = 5 (IQR: 4-5)], and needle decompression [median: pre = 3 (IQR: 3-4) to post = 5 (IQR: 5-5)]. Conclusions Participants from resource-limited countries benefit from ATC/FCCS courses as demonstrated by increased knowledge and confidence across all topics presented. However, the strongest increase in confidence was in performing life-saving procedures. Therefore, future courses should emphasize essential procedures, reduce didactics, and link knowledge acquisition to skill-based teaching.	,"BEHAVIORAL CHANGE",COUNTRIES,INTENSIVE-CARE,MEDICINE	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874108851	Experience with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in a developing country: Impact of tracheostomy	Orji F.T., Okorafor I.A., Akpeh J.O.	2013	World Journal of Surgery	37	2	10.1007/s00268-012-1839-y	Department of Otolaryngology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Sunshine Hospital, Umuahia Abia, Nigeria; Abia State University Teaching Hospital, Aba Abia, Nigeria; Federal Medical Center, Umuahia Abia, Nigeria	Orji, F.T., Department of Otolaryngology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria, Sunshine Hospital, Umuahia Abia, Nigeria, Abia State University Teaching Hospital, Aba Abia, Nigeria; Okorafor, I.A., Department of Otolaryngology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria, Federal Medical Center, Umuahia Abia, Nigeria; Akpeh, J.O., Department of Otolaryngology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria	Background: The frequent relapses of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) sometimes demand repeated surgical excision with tracheostomy. This situation plays a vital role in the management of RRP in developing countries such as ours because of late presentation. This study was conducted to evaluate our experience with RRP and to determine the incidence and impact of tracheostomy in the overall management and outcomes of our patients. Methods: The records of 59 patients with histologically confirmed RRP treated between 1994 and 2008 at our tertiary institution were reviewed. We collected data such as age at onset, tracheostomy frequency and duration, number of required surgical excisions, papilloma spread to the lower airways. Patients' characteristics and the course of the disease were compared between a juvenile-onset papillomatosis (JoRRP) group and an adult-onset group (AdRRP). Results: Overall, 68 % of our patients were in the JoRRP group (ages 2-11 years, mean 6 years). The other 32 % were 22-58 years of age (AdRRP group). Two cases of JoRRP continued into adult life. Multiple RRP dominated in the JoRRP group (93 %), whereas solitary papillomas predominated in the AdRRP group (63 %). Tracheostomy was performed because of upper airway obstruction in 42 % of our patients, with children accounting for 72 %. The mean duration of tracheostomy was 3.5 months, with 80 % lasting <4 months. Significantly more JoRRP patients had severe upper airway obstruction, required tracheostomy, and underwent multiple surgical excisions (p = 0.04, 0.02, and 0.009, respectively). Tracheobronchial spread occurred in a patient with prolonged tracheostomy. Conclusions: Multiple laryngeal papillomatosis clearly followed a more severe and less predictable course than the solitary type in both groups. Although there was a high incidence of tracheostomy in this study, short-duration tracheostomies accounted for the low incidence of extralaryngeal spread. © 2012 Société Internationale de Chirurgie.	None	adult; article; child; developing country; evaluation; female; follow up; human; male; middle aged; Nigeria; onset age; papillomavirus infection; preschool child; recurrent respiratory papillomatosis; reoperation; respiratory tract infection; retrospective study; statistics; tracheostomy; treatment outcome; Adult; Age of Onset; Child; Child, Preschool; Developing Countries; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Papillomavirus Infections; Reoperation; Respiratory Tract Infections; Retrospective Studies; Tracheostomy; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879800084	Getting the job done: Analysis of the impact and effectiveness of the SmileTrain program in alleviating the global burden of cleft disease	Poenaru D.	2013	World Journal of Surgery	37	7	10.1007/s00268-012-1876-6	BethanyKids at Kijabe Hospital, Box 20, Kijabe 00220, Kenya; 14-485 Green Road, Stoney Creek, ON L8E 6A7, Canada	Poenaru, D., BethanyKids at Kijabe Hospital, Box 20, Kijabe 00220, Kenya, 14-485 Green Road, Stoney Creek, ON L8E 6A7, Canada	Background: The study measured the success of SmileTrain, the largest cleft charity globally, in alleviating the global burden of disease (GBD). It was done by estimating averted disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and delayed averted DALYs because of the global backlog in cleft procedures. Methods: Anonymized data for all procedures in the SmileTrain global database were analyzed by age, sex, country, region, and surgery type. DALYs averted were calculated using life expectancy tables and established and estimated disability weights. The cost-effectiveness analysis used mean SmileTrain procedural disbursement figures. Sensitivity analysis was performed using various cleft incidence rates, life expectancy tables, and disability weights. Results: During 2003-2010 a total of 536,846 operations were performed on 364,467 patients - 86 % in Southeast Asia and the western Pacific region. Procedure numbers increased yearly. Mean age at primary surgery - 6.2 years (9.8 years in Africa) - remained fairly constant over time in each region. Globally, 2.1-4.7 million DALYs were averted through the operations at a total estimated cost of US$196 M. Mean DALYs per patient were 3.8-9.0, and mean cost per DALY was $72-$134. Total delayed GBD due to advanced age at surgery was 191,000-457,000 DALYs. Conclusions: Despite an unparalleled number of surgeries performed and yearly increase by one charity, the unmet and delayed averted cleft GBD remains significant in all regions. Large geographic disparities reflect varied challenges regarding access to surgery. Cleft surgeries are cost-effective interventions to reduce the global burden of disease (GBD). Future challenges include increased collaboration among cleft care providers and a focus on remote global areas by building infrastructure and local training. © 2012 Société Internationale de Chirurgie.	None	child; cleft palate; cost benefit analysis; cost of illness; economics; evaluation study; female; health; health care delivery; health care disparity; human; infant; international cooperation; life expectancy; life table; male; organization and management; plastic surgery; preschool child; procedures; program evaluation; social welfare; standards; statistics and numerical data; article; cleft palate; methodology; plastic surgery; standard; statistics; Charities; Child; Child, Preschool; Cleft Palate; Cost of Illness; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Female; Global Health; Health Services Accessibility; Healthcare Disparities; Humans; Infant; International Cooperation; Life Expectancy; Life Tables; Male; Program Evaluation; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures; Charities; Child; Child, Preschool; Cleft Palate; Cost of Illness; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Female; Health Services Accessibility; Healthcare Disparities; Humans; Infant; International Cooperation; Life Expectancy; Life Tables; Male; Program Evaluation; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures; World Health	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84902121438	Development, implementation, and evaluation of a hybrid electronic medical record system specifically designed for a developing world surgical service	Laing G.L., Bruce J.L., Skinner D.L., Allorto N.L., Clarke D.L., Aldous C.	2014	World Journal of Surgery	38	6	10.1007/s00268-013-2438-2	Department of Surgery, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X918, Pietermanitzburg 3200, South Africa; Department of Anesthetics and Critical Care, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermanitzburg, South Africa; School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermanitzburg, South Africa	Laing, G.L., Department of Surgery, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X918, Pietermanitzburg 3200, South Africa; Bruce, J.L., Department of Surgery, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X918, Pietermanitzburg 3200, South Africa; Skinner, D.L., Department of Anesthetics and Critical Care, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermanitzburg, South Africa; Allorto, N.L., Department of Surgery, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X918, Pietermanitzburg 3200, South Africa; Clarke, D.L., Department of Surgery, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X918, Pietermanitzburg 3200, South Africa; Aldous, C., School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermanitzburg, South Africa	Background: The Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Trauma Service previously successfully constructed and implemented an electronic surgical registry (ESR). This study reports on our attempts to expand and develop this concept into a multi-functional hybrid electronic medical record (HEMR) system for use in a tertiary level surgical service. This HEMR system was designed to incorporate the function and benefits of an ESR, an electronic medical record (EMR) system, and a clinical decision support system (CDSS). Methods: Formal ethical approval to maintain the HEMR system was obtained. Appropriate software was sourced to develop the project. The data model was designed as a relational database. Following the design and construction process, the HEMR file was launched on a secure server. This provided the benefits of access security and automated backups. A systematic training program was implemented for client training. The exercise of data capture was integrated into the process of clinical workflow, taking place at multiple points in time. Data were captured at the times of admission, operative intervention, endoscopic intervention, adverse events (morbidity), and the end of patient care (discharge, transfer, or death). Results: A quarterly audit was performed 3 months after implementation of the HEMR system. The data were extracted and audited to assess their quality. A total of 1,114 patient entries were captured in the system. Compliance rates were in the order of 87-100 %, and client satisfaction rates were high. Conclusions: It is possible to construct and implement a unique, simple, cost-effective HEMR system in a developing world surgical service. This information system is unique in that it combines the discrete functions of an EMR system with an ESR and a CDSS. We identified a number of potential limitations and developed interventions to ameliorate them. This HEMR system provides the necessary platform for ongoing quality improvement programs and clinical research. © 2013 Société Internationale de Chirurgie.	None	developing country; electronic medical record; electronic medical record; general surgery; health care planning; hospital department; human; medical information system; organization and management; program development; program evaluation; South Africa; Developing Countries; Electronic Health Records; General Surgery; Health Information Exchange; Health Plan Implementation; Humans; Medical Records Systems, Computerized; Program Development; Program Evaluation; South Africa; Surgery Department, Hospital	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939881225	Impact of introduction of laparoscopic surgery on management of unresolved intra-abdominal malignancies in a West African hospital	Adisa A.O., Lawal O.O., Adesunkanmi A.-R.K., Adejuyigbe O.	2015	World Journal of Surgery	38	10	10.1007/s00268-014-2618-8	Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Adisa, A.O., Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Lawal, O.O., Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Adesunkanmi, A.-R.K., Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Adejuyigbe, O., Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Background: Intra-abdominal malignancies often pose diagnostic problems to surgeons in resource-challenged centers such as ours due to limitations in modern imaging and other facilities. This prompted the adoption of laparoscopy in our hospital as an adjunctive tool in diagnosing these conditions. Method: Pre- and per-operative data of consecutive cases of clinically unresolved advanced intra-abdominal tumors subjected to laparoscopy from January 2009 through June 2013 were reviewed. Anatomic diagnosis and tissue biopsies were carried out during the procedures. Results: Of the 152 patients seen with intra-abdominal tumors, 74 (48.7 %) had advanced conditions that could not be resolved clinically. Of these, 33 (44.6 %) were able to afford and had computed tomography (CT), scan while the remaining (N = 41; 55.4 %) less endowed only had an ultrasound scan. This cohort underwent laparoscopic evaluation, and biopsies confirmed the following: 27 (36.5 %) metastatic adenocarcinomas, 12 (16.2 %) primary hepatic malignancies, 11 (14.9 %) cases each of lymphomas and colonic adenocarcinomas, 4 (5.4 %) gastrointestinal stromal tumors, 3 (4.1 %) pancreatic carcinomas, 2 (2.7 %) cases each of carcinoid tumors and abdominal tuberculosis, and one case each of schistosomiasis and HIV-related Kaposi's sarcoma. Additionally, 26 (35.1 %) had ascites, while 29 (39.1 %) had peritoneal surface malignancies. With local adaptations and improvisations, laparoscopy was cheaper than an abdominal CT scan in our setting, with the additional benefit of obtaining tissue diagnosis to institute treatment. Conclusion: Although laparoscopy is commonly used for staging intra-abdominal tumors, we found it useful in complementing clinical diagnosis and attaining histopathological confirmation in a setting where access to and funding of modern imaging is limited. © 2014 Société Internationale de Chirurgie.	None	Abdominal Neoplasms; adult; adverse effects; aged; cancer staging; carcinoma; computer assisted tomography; developing country; economics; female; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors; hospital; human; laparoscopy; lymphoma; male; middle aged; Nigeria; pathology; sarcoma; Abdominal Neoplasms; Adult; Aged; Carcinoma; Developing Countries; Female; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors; Hospitals; Humans; Laparoscopy; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Nigeria; Sarcoma; Tomography, X-Ray Computed	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925536272	Evaluation of training program for surgical trauma teams in botswana	Hanche-Olsen T.P., Alemu L., Viste A., Wisborg T., Hansen K.S.	2015	Presentations from the 9th Annual Electric Utilities Environmental Conference	39	3	10.1007/s00268-014-2873-8	Unit for International Collaboration, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Anaesthesiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Surgery, Nyangabgwe Referral Hospital, Francistown, Botswana; Department of Acute and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, K1, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; BEST Foundation: Better and Systematic Team Training, Department of Acute Care, Hammerfest Hospital, Hammerfest, Norway; Anaesthesia and Critical Care Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway; Norwegian Trauma Competency Service, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Medical Association, Oslo, Norway	Hanche-Olsen, T.P., Unit for International Collaboration, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway, Department of Anaesthesiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Alemu, L., Department of Surgery, Nyangabgwe Referral Hospital, Francistown, Botswana; Viste, A., Department of Acute and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway, Department of Clinical Medicine, K1, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Wisborg, T., BEST Foundation: Better and Systematic Team Training, Department of Acute Care, Hammerfest Hospital, Hammerfest, Norway, Anaesthesia and Critical Care Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway, Norwegian Trauma Competency Service, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Hansen, K.S., BEST Foundation: Better and Systematic Team Training, Department of Acute Care, Hammerfest Hospital, Hammerfest, Norway, Norwegian Medical Association, Oslo, Norway	Background: Trauma represents a challenge to healthcare systems worldwide, particularly in low-and middle-income countries. Positive effects can be achieved by improving trauma care at the scene of the accident and throughout hospitalization and rehabilitation. Therefore, we assessed the long-term effects of national implementation of a training program for multidisciplinary trauma teams in a southern African country. Methods: From 2007 to 2009, an educational program for trauma, "Better and Systematic Team Training," (BEST) was implemented at all government hospitals in Botswana. The effects were assessed through interviews, a structured questionnaire, and physical inspections using the World Health Organization's "Guidelines for Essential Trauma Care." Data on human and physical resources, infrastructure, trauma administrative functions, and quality-improvement activities before and at 2-year follow-up were compared for all 27 government hospitals. Results: A majority of hospitals had formed local trauma organizations; half were performing multidisciplinary trauma simulations and some had organized multidisciplinary trauma teams with alarm criteria. A number of hospitals had developed local trauma guidelines and local trauma registries. More equipment for advanced airway management and stiff cervical collars were available after 2 years. There were also improvements in the skills necessary for airway and breathing management. The most changes were seen in the northern region of Botswana. Conclusions: Implementation of BEST in Botswana hospitals was associated with several positive changes at 2-year follow-up, particularly for trauma administrative functions and quality-improvement activities. The effects on obtaining technical equipment and skills were moderate and related mostly to airway and breathing management. © 2014 Société Internationale de Chirurgie.	None	Botswana; developing country; devices; education; evaluation study; human; organization and management; patient care; practice guideline; program evaluation; public hospital; register; respiration control; standards; time; total quality management; traumatology; Wounds and Injuries; Airway Management; Botswana; Developing Countries; Hospitals, District; Humans; Patient Care Team; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Program Evaluation; Quality Improvement; Registries; Time Factors; Traumatology; Wounds and Injuries	Laerdal Foundation for Acute Medicine
WoS	WOS:000244888900007	Economics, adoption determinants, and impacts of micro-irrigation technologies: empirical results from India	Nagar, R. K.,Namara, R. E.,Upadhyay, B.	2007	IRRIGATION SCIENCE	25	3	10.1007/s00271-007-0065-0	Elecon, Int Water Management Inst	None	Micro-irrigation technologies are promoted for various reasons in India. Despite the reported significant economic advantages, and the concerted support of the government and NGOs, the current micro-irrigation area in India remains an insignificant proportion of its potential. This paper analyzes: (1) the economics of alternative micro-irrigation technologies, (2) the determinants of adoption, (3) the poverty outreach of the different micro-irrigation systems, and (4) the sustainability implications of micro-irrigation adoption. In line with the findings of other studies, this study indicates that micro-irrigation technologies result in a significant productivity and economic gains. The most important determinants of micro-irrigation adoption include access to groundwater, cropping pattern, availability of cash, and level of education, the social status and poverty status of the farmer. Contrary to the expectations, the majority of the current adopters of low-cost micro-irrigation systems are the better-off farmers. The study indicates that the impact of micro-irrigation systems on the sustainability of groundwater resources depends upon the magnitude of the overall productivity gain following the shift from traditional irrigation method to micro-irrigation system, the pattern of use of the saved water, and the type and potential number of adopters.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-41849118075	Evaluation of surge flow furrow irrigation for onion production in a semiarid region of Ethiopia	Kifle M., Tilahun K., Yazew E.	2008	Irrigation Science	26	4	10.1007/s00271-007-0096-6	Tigray Agricultural Research Institute, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Haramaya University, P. O. Box 45, Haramaya, Ethiopia; Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia	Kifle, M., Tigray Agricultural Research Institute, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Tilahun, K., Haramaya University, P. O. Box 45, Haramaya, Ethiopia; Yazew, E., Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia	The study was conducted to evaluate surge irrigation against continuous irrigation in terms of irrigation and water use efficiencies to produce onion. It was carried out at Mekelle Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia on 70 m long and 0.6 m center-center spacing furrows of 0.26% average slope on a clay soil. The treatments consisted of factorial combination of two discharges (Q 1 = 1 l/s and Q 2 = 2 l/s) and three-cycle ratios (CR 1 = 1/3, CR2 = 1/2, and C = 1 for continuous irrigation). Surge flow treatments advanced faster than the respective continuous flow treatments with surge flow treatment SF21 being the fastest. The best value of application efficiency (60%) was achieved for SF11 and the least (46%) for CF2. The maximum (87%) and minimum (68%) values of distribution uniformity were obtained for cycle ratios CR1 and C, respectively. Storage efficiency was highest (89%) for CF2 and lowest (78%) for SF12. Onion yield was significantly affected (p &lt; 0.05) by the interaction effect, the highest (14,400 kg/ha) and the lowest (13,363 kg/ha) yields were obtained for SF11 and SF21, respectively. The maximum irrigation water use efficiency (2.27 kg/m 3) was observed for SF11 and the minimum (1.68 kg/m 3) for CF2. Surge irrigation was found to be a promising irrigation practice for onion production in the study area as it saves water, reduces irrigation period, and increases the crop yield. © 2007 Springer-Verlag.	None	Arid regions; Crops; Discharge (fluid mechanics); Surge flow; Water use efficiencies; Irrigation; Arid regions; Crops; Discharge (fluid mechanics); Irrigation; clay soil; crop production; crop yield; food storage; furrow irrigation; root vegetable; semiarid region; water use efficiency; yield response; Africa; East Africa; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa; Allium cepa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-46549085181	Evaluation of crop yield models for cowpea in Nigeria	Adekalu K.O., Okunade D.A.	2008	Irrigation Science	26	5	10.1007/s00271-008-0103-6	Department of Agricultural Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE 1 7RU, United Kingdom	Adekalu, K.O., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Okunade, D.A., School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE 1 7RU, United Kingdom	Three phasic models namely, Hanks (H-2), Stewart (S-2) and the Hall-Butcher (H-B), were evaluated on cowpea irrigated using a line source sprinkler system. Three sets of field data (1983, 1985, and 1986) were collected; the 1985 data were used for calibration while the 1983 and 1986 data were used for evaluation of the models. The model performance that most accurately matched the measured data was then used to simulate the most water-efficient irrigation schedule and deficit irrigation analysis for cowpea in Nigeria. Results showed that the models gave good estimates of cowpea grain yield with the H-2 model performing slightly better than the other two models. The weighted root mean square deviations were 0.043, 0.094, and 0.213 for the H-2, S-2 and the H-B model, respectively. Simulation studies with the H-2 model showed that irrigating at 40% moisture depletion is the most water-efficient schedule for cowpea and that greater yield from a given optimum seasonal water application for deficit irrigation can be achieved by splitting the seasonal deficit among the growth stages. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.	None	Computer simulation; Mathematical models; Moisture; Sprinkler systems (irrigation); Moisture depletion; Water-efficient irrigation; Crops; Computer simulation; Crops; Mathematical models; Moisture; Sprinkler systems (irrigation); calibration; crop yield; developmental stage; irrigation; legume; modeling; performance assessment; spray; yield response; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33644587400	Evaluation of Allen's test in both arms and arteries of left and right-handed people	Oettlé A.C., van Niekerk A., Boon J.M., Meiring J.H.	2006	Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy	28	1	10.1007/s00276-005-0039-y	Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, P.O. Box 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Oettlé, A.C., Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, P.O. Box 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; van Niekerk, A., Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, P.O. Box 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Boon, J.M., Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, P.O. Box 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Meiring, J.H., Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, P.O. Box 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	The Allen's test as described in 1929 by Edgar V. Allen has been modified, adapted and complemented by other newer modalities but remains a first line standard test to evaluate the arterial supply of the hand. In this study an attempt has been made to add more information regarding the arterial supply of the hand, in left- and right-handed individuals, left and right hands and the ulnar and radial arteries, when doing the Allen's test. A modified Allen's test using an oxygen saturation monitor was used. The sample group consisted of 80 (30 left-handed and 50 right-handed) students. No significant differences between the Allen's test of the left and right hands in the left and right-handed individuals were found. There was a marginal but not significant difference between the two arteries. The ulnar artery took slightly longer to reach baseline values as compared to the radial artery. The results suggest that a positive Allen's test can be found in both left and right-handed people, with regard to the left and right hands and both radial and ulnar arteries may be implicated. This information should be kept in mind when selecting either the radial or ulnar artery for grafting purposes (e.g. coronary angiosurgery) and forearm artery cannulation. © Springer-Verlag 2006.	Collateral circulation; Oximetry; Patient selection; Radial artery; Ulnar artery	adult; arm; arterial circulation; artery catheterization; artery graft; article; controlled study; female; function test; human; human experiment; left handedness; male; monitor; normal human; oximetry; oxygen saturation; priority journal; radial artery; right handedness; ulnar artery; Adult; Arm; Arteries; Female; Functional Laterality; Humans; Male; Oximetry; Radial Artery; Ulnar Artery	None
None	None	In vitro evaluation of dichloro-bis(pyrazole)palladium(II) and dichloro-bis(pyrazole)platinum(II) complexes as anticancer agents	Keter F.K., Kanyanda S., Lyantagaye S.S.L., Darkwa J., Rees D.J.G., Meyer M.	2008	Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology	63	1	10.1007/s00280-008-0721-y	Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Dar Es Salaam, P.O. Box 35179, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Keter, F.K., Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Kanyanda, S., Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; Lyantagaye, S.S.L., Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Dar Es Salaam, P.O. Box 35179, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Darkwa, J., Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Rees, D.J.G., Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; Meyer, M., Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa	Introduction: Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum) was first identified for its anti-bacterial activity, and was later also shown to be an efficient anticancer agent. However, the therapeutic use of this anticancer drug is somewhat limited by its toxic side effects, which include nephrotoxicity, nausea, and vomiting. Furthermore the development of drug-resistant tumours is commonly observed following therapy with cisplatin. Hence there is a need for improved platinum derived drugs to overcome these limitations. Aims: Apoptosis contributes significantly to the cytotoxic effects of anticancer agents such as cisplatin; therefore in this study the potential anticancer properties of a series of pyrazole palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes, [(3,5-R 2pz) 2PdCl 2] {R = H (1), R = Me (2)} and [(3,5-R 2pz) 2PtCl 2] {R = H (3), R = Me (4)}, were evaluated by assessment of their pro-apoptotic activity. Methods: The induction of apoptosis was measured in CHO cells by the detection of phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure using the annexin V and APOPercentage™ assays; DNA fragmentation using the Terminal deoxynucleotide transferase dUTP Nick End Labelling (TUNEL) assay; and the detection of activated caspase-3. Results: The platinum complexes were shown to be considerably more active than the palladium complexes, with complex 3 demonstrating the highest level of cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic activity. The LD 50 values for complex 3 and cisplatin were 20 and 70 μM, respectively, demonstrating that the cytotoxic activity for complex 3 was three times higher than for cisplatin. Various human cancer cell lines, including CaSki, HeLa, as well as the p53 mutant Jurkat T cell line were also shown to be susceptible to complex 3. Conclusions: Collectively, this in vitro study provides insights into action of palladium and platinum complexes and demonstrates the potential use of these compounds, and in particular complex 3, in the development of new anticancer agents. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.	Anticancer; Apoptosis; Bis(pyrazole)palladium(II); Bis(pyrazole)platinum(II); Cisplatin; Cytotoxicity	antineoplastic agent; caspase 3; cisplatin; dichlorobis(3,5 dimethylpyrazole)palladium; dichlorobis(3,5 dimethylpyrazole)platinum; dichlorobis(pyrazole)palladium; dichlorobis(pyrazole)platinum; lipocortin 5; palladium complex; phosphatidylserine; platinum complex; unclassified drug; animal cell; apoptosis; article; cancer cell culture; controlled study; cytotoxicity; DNA fragmentation; drug screening; enzyme activation; human; human cell; in vitro study; LD 50; nick end labeling; nonhuman; priority journal; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Apoptosis; Cell Line, Tumor; CHO Cells; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Hela Cells; Humans; Jurkat Cells; Molecular Structure; Organometallic Compounds; Organoplatinum Compounds	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79954439764	Evaluation of genetic manipulation strategies on d-lactate production by Escherichia coli	Zhou L., Zuo Z.-R., Chen X.-Z., Niu D.-D., Tian K.-M., Prior B.A., Shen W., Shi G.-Y., Singh S., Wang Z.-X.	2011	Current Microbiology	62	3	10.1007/s00284-010-9817-9	Center for Bioresource and Bioenergy, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4001, South Africa	Zhou, L., Center for Bioresource and Bioenergy, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Zuo, Z.-R., Center for Bioresource and Bioenergy, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Chen, X.-Z., Center for Bioresource and Bioenergy, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Niu, D.-D., Center for Bioresource and Bioenergy, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Tian, K.-M., Center for Bioresource and Bioenergy, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Prior, B.A., Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Shen, W., Center for Bioresource and Bioenergy, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Shi, G.-Y., Center for Bioresource and Bioenergy, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; Singh, S., Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4001, South Africa; Wang, Z.-X., Center for Bioresource and Bioenergy, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China	In order to rationally manipulate the cellular metabolism of Escherichia coli for d-lactate production, single-gene and multiple-gene deletions with mutations in acetate kinase (ackA), phosphotransacetylase (pta), phosphoenolpyruvate synthase (pps), pyruvate formate lyase (pflB), FAD-binding d-lactate dehydrogenase (dld), pyruvate oxidase (poxB), alcohol dehydrogenase (adhE), and fumarate reductase (frdA) were tested for their effects in two-phase fermentations (aerobic growth and oxygen-limited production). Lactate yield and productivity could be improved by single-gene deletions of ackA, pta, pflB, dld, poxB, and frdA in the wild type E. coli strain but were unfavorably affected by deletions of pps and adhE. However, fermentation experiments with multiple-gene mutant strains showed that deletion of pps in addition to ackA-pta deletions had no effect on lactate production, whereas the additional deletion of adhE in E. coli B0013-050 (ackA-pta pps pflB dld poxB) increased lactate yield. Deletion of all eight genes in E. coli B0013 to produce B0013-070 (ackA-pta pps pflB dld poxB adhE frdA) increased lactate yield and productivity by twofold and reduced yields of acetate, succinate, formate, and ethanol by 95, 89, 100, and 93%, respectively. When tested in a bioreactor, E. coli B0013-070 produced 125 g/l d-lactate with an increased oxygen-limited lactate productivity of 0.61 g/g h (2.1-fold greater than E. coli B0013). These kinetic properties of d-lactate production are among the highest reported and the results have revealed which genetic manipulations improved d-lactate production by E. coli. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	None	acetate kinase; acetic acid; alcohol; alcohol dehydrogenase; formic acid; fumarate reductase; lactate dehydrogenase; lactic acid; phosphate acetyltransferase; pyruvate oxidase; pyruvate water dikinase; succinic acid; synthetase; unclassified drug; ackA gene; adhE gene; aerobic fermentation; article; bacterial gene; bacterial growth; bacterial metabolism; bacterial strain; controlled study; dld gene; Escherichia coli; frda gene; gene deletion; gene mutation; genetic manipulation; nonhuman; pflB gene; poxb gene; pps gene; priority journal; pta gene; wild type; Aerobiosis; Anaerobiosis; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Fermentation; Gene Deletion; Genetic Engineering; Lactic Acid; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Mutation; Organisms, Genetically Modified; Escherichia coli	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943399504	The impact of self-protective measures in the optimal interventions for controlling infectious diseases of human population	Kassa S.M., Ouhinou A.	2015	Journal of Mathematical Biology	70	42371	10.1007/s00285-014-0761-3	Department of Mathematics, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and technology, University of Sultane Moulay Slimane, B.P. 523, Beni-Mellal, Morocco	Kassa, S.M., Department of Mathematics, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ouhinou, A., Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and technology, University of Sultane Moulay Slimane, B.P. 523, Beni-Mellal, Morocco	A mathematical model for infectious disease epidemics with behaviour change and treatment is formulated and analysed. It is indicated that behaviour modification by the population has a significant impact on the dynamics of the disease. Moreover, an optimal control theory is applied to propose the best possible combination of efforts in controlling a disease. It is shown that it may not be necessary to continuously apply treatment at a full rate to eradicate the disease, if the effort is supported by effective behaviour modification strategies. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Behaviour change; Dynamical systems; Epidemiological models; Infectious diseases; Optimal control	behavior therapy; biological model; Botswana; Communicable Diseases; computer simulation; Epidemics; health behavior; HIV Infections; human; infection control; mathematical phenomena; procedures; psychology; public health service; statistical model; statistics and numerical data; transmission; Behavior Therapy; Botswana; Communicable Diseases; Computer Simulation; Epidemics; Health Behavior; HIV Infections; Humans; Infection Control; Mathematical Concepts; Models, Biological; Models, Statistical; Public Health Practice	AIMS, African Institute for Mathematical Sciences
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846910026	Phylogeography of Eupodes minutus (Acari: Prostigmata) on sub-Antarctic Marion Island reflects the impact of historical events	Mortimer E., Jansen Van Vuuren B.	2007	Polar Biology	30	4	10.1007/s00300-006-0205-7	Evolutionary Genomics Group, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Mortimer, E., Evolutionary Genomics Group, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Jansen Van Vuuren, B., DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Marion Island, situated ∼2,300 km south-east of Cape Town, South Africa, has experienced multiple volcanic and glaciation events during its history. To better understand the impact of these events on species' genetic structure, we determined the phylogeographic population structure of the mite, Eupodes minutus. We included 57 individuals sampled from 11 localities across the island. Our analyses based on the mitochondrial COI gene suggest a population expansion as would typically be expected when species recover after being confined to refugia. Standard phi (Φ) statistics and a spatial analysis of molecular variance (SAMOVA) identified unique populations on the south-western and south-eastern sides of the island. We argue that multiple volcanic events on the southern side of Marion, in combination with glaciations, effectively isolated these populations from each other. © 2006 Springer-Verlag.	COI; Mites; Population structure; Southern Ocean	environmental impact; genetic structure; glaciation; historical ecology; mite; mitochondrial DNA; phylogeography; population structure; range expansion; refugium; Africa; Cape Town; Indian Ocean; Indian Ocean islands; Marion Island; Prince Edward Islands; South Africa; Southern Africa; Southern Ocean; Sub-Saharan Africa; Western Cape; Acari; Eupodes minutus; Prostigmata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954631909	Impact of anthropogenic transportation to Antarctica on alien seed viability	Hughes K.A., Lee J.E., Ware C., Kiefer K., Bergstrom D.M.	2010	Polar Biology	33	8	10.1007/s00300-010-0801-4	British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, United Kingdom; Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia; Institute of Antarctic and Southern Ocean Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 77, Hobart 7001, Australia	Hughes, K.A., British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, United Kingdom; Lee, J.E., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Ware, C., Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia, Institute of Antarctic and Southern Ocean Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 77, Hobart 7001, Australia; Kiefer, K., Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia, Institute of Antarctic and Southern Ocean Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 77, Hobart 7001, Australia; Bergstrom, D.M., Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia, Institute of Antarctic and Southern Ocean Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 77, Hobart 7001, Australia	Antarctic ecosystems are at risk from the introduction of invasive species. The first step in the process of invasion is the transportation of alien species to Antarctic in a viable state. However, the effect of long-distance human-mediated dispersal, over different timescales, on propagule viability is not well known. We assessed the viability of Poa trivialis seeds transported to Antarctica from the UK, South Africa and Australia by ship or by ship and aircraft. Following transportation to the Antarctic Treaty area, no reduction in seed viability was found, despite journey times lasting up to 284 days and seeds experiencing temperatures as low as -1.5°C. This work confirms that human-mediated transport may overcome the dispersal barrier for some propagules, and highlights the need for effective pre-departure biosecurity measures. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.	Antarctica; Dispersal; Invasion; Non-native; Propagule; Transport	anthropogenic effect; biological invasion; biosafety; environmental risk; invasive species; propagule; seed dispersal; transportation mode; viability; Antarctica; Poa; Poa trivialis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871357624	Ground-based in situ measurements of near-surface aerosol mass concentration over Anantapur: Heterogeneity in source impacts	Reddy B.S.K., Kumar K.R., Balakrishnaiah G., Gopal K.R., Reddy R.R., Sivakumar V., Arafath S.M., Lingaswamy A.P., Pavankumari S., Umadevi K., Ahammed Y.N.	2013	Advances in Atmospheric Sciences	30	1	10.1007/s00376-012-1234-5	Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India; Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkoido University, Sapporo, 0600819, Japan; School of Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Department of Physics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516003, India	Reddy, B.S.K., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India, Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkoido University, Sapporo, 0600819, Japan; Kumar, K.R., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India, School of Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Balakrishnaiah, G., Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Gopal, K.R., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India; Reddy, R.R., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India; Sivakumar, V., School of Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Arafath, S.M., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India; Lingaswamy, A.P., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India; Pavankumari, S., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India; Umadevi, K., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India; Ahammed, Y.N., Department of Physics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516003, India	Surface measurements of aerosol physical properties were made at Anantapur (14.62°N, 77.65°E, 331 m a. s. l), a semiarid rural site in India, during August 2008-July 2009. Measurements included the segregated sizes of aerosolsas as well as total mass concentration and size distributions of aerosols measured at low relative humidity (RH&lt;75%) using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) in the 25-0.05 μm aerodynamic diameter range. The hourly average total surface aerosol mass concentration in a day varied from 15 to 70 μg m-3, with a mean value of 34.02±9.05 μg m-3 for the entire study period. A clear diurnal pattern appeared in coarse, accumulation and nucleation-mode particle concentrations, with two local maxima occurring in early morning and late evening hours. The concentration of coarse-mode particles was high during the summer season, with a maximum concentration of 11.81±0.98 μg m-3 in the month of April, whereas accumulationmode concentration was observed to be high in the winter period contributed &gt;68% to the total aerosol mass concentration. Accumulation aerosol mass fraction, Af (= Ma/Mt) was highest during winter (mean value of Af ~ 0.80) and lowest (Af ~ 0.64) during the monsoon season. The regression analysis shows that both Reff and Rm are dependent on coarse-mode aerosols. The relationship between the simultaneous measurements of daily mean aerosol optical depth at 500 nm (AOD500) and PM2.5 mass concentration ([PM2.5]) shows that surface-level aerosol mass concentration increases with the increase in columnar aerosol optical depth over the observation period. © 2012 Chinese National Committee for International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	aerosols mass concentration; backward trajectories; effective radius; size distribution	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33750466165	Chiari I anatomy after ventriculoperitoneal shunting: Posterior fossa volumetric evaluation with MRI	Osuagwu F.C., Lazareff J.A., Rahman S., Bash S.	2006	Child's Nervous System	22	11	10.1007/s00381-006-0118-3	Department of Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Division of Neurosurgery, UCLA School of Medicine, Box 957039, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7039, United States; Department of Radiology, UCLA School of Medicine, Box 957039, Los Angeles, CA 90095-703	Osuagwu, F.C., Department of Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Division of Neurosurgery, UCLA School of Medicine, Box 957039, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7039, United States; Lazareff, J.A., Division of Neurosurgery, UCLA School of Medicine, Box 957039, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7039, United States; Rahman, S., Division of Neurosurgery, UCLA School of Medicine, Box 957039, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7039, United States; Bash, S., Department of Radiology, UCLA School of Medicine, Box 957039, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7039, United States	Introduction: Cephalocranial disproportion was said to be responsible for Chiari I malformation after ventriculoperitoneal shunt. We aimed to evaluate if the volumetric characteristics of Chiari I after a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was due to a general volumetric reduction and if it is restricted to the posterior fossa. Results: Our results show that the posterior fossa volume, cisternal, clival length, and posterior cranial fossa volume ratio were reduced in the shunted group compared to the controls (p<0.05). Cerebellar and supratentorial volumes were similar between both groups. Craniocaudal extent, inferior, and superior tonsillar herniations were greater in the shunted group than control (p<0.05). The frontal occipital horn ratio in both groups was within normal range. Discussion: Chiari I anatomy after a ventriculoperitoneal shunt could develop in children and we propose a "posterior cranial fossa disproportion" rather than a "cephalocranial disproportion." © Springer-Verlag 2006.	Acquired Chiari; Hydrocephalus; Intraventricular hemorrhage; Posterior cranial fossa reduction; V-Pshunt	adolescent; Arnold Chiari malformation; article; brain decompression; brain ventricle peritoneum shunt; child; clinical article; clivus; cohort analysis; computer assisted tomography; controlled study; female; human; hydrocephalus; male; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; posterior fossa; priority journal; statistical significance; volumetry; Arnold-Chiari Malformation; Child, Preschool; Cranial Fossa, Posterior; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-69949136596	Brain tissue oxygen tension monitoring in pediatric severe traumatic brain injury : PPPart 1: Relationship with outcome	Figaji A.A., Zwane E., Thompson C., Fieggen A.G., Argent A.C., Le Roux P.D., Peter J.C.	2009	Child's Nervous System	25	10	10.1007/s00381-009-0822-x	Divisions of Neurosurgery, University of Cape Town, Red Cross Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit (Biostatistics), School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Pediatric Critical Care, University of Cape Town, Red Cross Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States	Figaji, A.A., Divisions of Neurosurgery, University of Cape Town, Red Cross Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Zwane, E., Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit (Biostatistics), School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Thompson, C., Divisions of Neurosurgery, University of Cape Town, Red Cross Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Fieggen, A.G., Divisions of Neurosurgery, University of Cape Town, Red Cross Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Argent, A.C., Pediatric Critical Care, University of Cape Town, Red Cross Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Le Roux, P.D., Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States; Peter, J.C., Divisions of Neurosurgery, University of Cape Town, Red Cross Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa	Introduction: Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) management are the current standards to guide care of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, brain hypoxia and secondary brain injury can occur despite optimal ICP and CPP. In this study, we used brain tissue oxygen tension (PbtO2) monitoring to examine the association between multiple patient factors, including PbtO2, and outcome in pediatric severe TBI. Materials and methods: In this prospective observational study, 52 children (less than 15 years) with severe TBI were managed with continuous PbtO2 and ICP monitoring. The relationships between outcome [Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) and Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category Scale] and clinical, radiologic, treatment, and physiological variables, including PbtO2, were examined using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: Outcome was favorable in 40 patients (77%) and unfavorable (mortality, 9.6%; n∈=∈5) in 12 (23%). In univariate analysis, the following variables had a significant association with unfavorable outcome: initial GCS, computed tomography classification, ICPpeak, mICP24, mICP, CPPlow, CPP&lt;40, pupil reactivity, PbtO2low, PbtO2&lt;5 mmHg, PbtO2&lt; 10 mmHg, mPbtO224, and time-severity product. PbtO2 parameters had the strongest independent association with poor outcome in multiple regression analysis. In particular, when PbtO2 was &lt;5 mmHg for &gt;1 h, the adjusted OR for poor outcome was 27.4 (95% confidence interval, 1.9-391). No variables apart from PbtO2 were independently associated with mortality when controlled for PbtO2. Conclusion: Reduced PbtO2 is shown to be an independent factor associated with poor outcome in pediatric severe TBI in the largest study to date. It appears to have a stronger association with outcome than conventionally evaluated measures. © 2009 Springer-Verlag.	Brain injury; Brain tissue oxygen tension; Children; Hypoxia; Outcome; Traumatic	thiopental; adolescent; article; brain decompression; brain oxygen tension; brain perfusion; brain tissue; child; childhood mortality; computer assisted tomography; confidence interval; controlled study; craniectomy; female; hospital admission; hospital discharge; human; intensive care unit; intracranial pressure; major clinical study; male; multiple regression; multivariate logistic regression analysis; preschool child; priority journal; school child; scoring system; traumatic brain injury; univariate analysis; Adolescent; Analysis of Variance; Brain; Brain Injuries; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant; Logistic Models; Male; Monitoring, Physiologic; Oxygen; Prospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871926559	The impact of climate change on the Niger River Basin hydroclimatology, West Africa	Oguntunde P.G., Abiodun B.J.	2013	Climate Dynamics	40	42371	10.1007/s00382-012-1498-6	Institute of Landscape Hydrology, Leibniz Center for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374 Müncheberg, Germany; Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Soil, Water and Environment Section, Department of Agricultural Engineering, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Oguntunde, P.G., Institute of Landscape Hydrology, Leibniz Center for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374 Müncheberg, Germany, Soil, Water and Environment Section, Department of Agricultural Engineering, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Abiodun, B.J., Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Climate change has the potential to reduce water availability in West Africa. This study aims to quantify the expected impact of increased greenhouse gases (GHGs) on hydroclimatology of Niger River Basin (NRB). Boundary data from a general circulation model are used to force a regional climate model, to produce dynamically downscaled hydroclimatic variables of NRB under present-day (PRS) and future climate scenarios. The data were further analyzed to detect changes in atmospheric and surface water balance components and moisture recycling ratio (β). The results show that elevated GHGs (under A1B scenario) would produce a drier climate during the rainy season and a wetter climate during the dry season. A warmer climate over NRB in all months was projected. Highest temperature increase of 3 °C occurs about 14°N in May and June, and the smallest increase of 0. 5 °C occurs below 8°N in wet-dry transition period. Evaporation reduces during wet season and increases during the dry periods. Humidity increases by 2 % in the dry season, but decreases by 2-4 % in the wet season. Maximum change in moisture influx of 20. 7 % and outflux of 20. 6 % occur in June and July, respectively. β is projected to decrease in 75 % of the months with biggest relative change of -18. 4 % in June. The projected decrease in precipitation efficiency (ρ) during the wet season reaches -20. 3 % in June. For PRS run, about 66 % of the available atmospheric moisture in NRB precipitates between June and September, of which around 21 % originates from local evaporation. The result suggests that under enhanced GHGs, local evaporation will contribute less to atmospheric moisture and precipitation over the basin. Projected changes in rainfall and streamflow for Upper Niger and Benue sub-basin are significantly different during the wet season. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.	Climate change; Hydroclimatology; Moisture recycling ratios; Niger River Basin; Water balance	atmospheric moisture; climate change; climate effect; evaporation; general circulation model; greenhouse gas; high temperature; precipitation (climatology); rainfall; regional climate; relative humidity; river basin; streamflow; water availability; water budget; Benue; Niger Basin; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879555890	Potential impacts of afforestation on climate change and extreme events in Nigeria	Abiodun B.J., Salami A.T., Matthew O.J., Odedokun S.	2013	Climate Dynamics	41	2	10.1007/s00382-012-1523-9	Climate System Analysis Group, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Climate Change Unit, Institute Ecology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Abiodun, B.J., Climate System Analysis Group, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Salami, A.T., Climate Change Unit, Institute Ecology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Matthew, O.J., Climate Change Unit, Institute Ecology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Odedokun, S., Climate Change Unit, Institute Ecology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Afforestation is usually thought as a good approach to mitigate impacts of warming over a region. This study presents an argument that afforestation may have bigger impacts than originally thought by previous studies. The study investigates the impacts of afforestation on future climate and extreme events in Nigeria, using a regional climate model (RegCM3), forced with global climate model simulations. The impacts of seven afforestation options on the near future (2031-2050, under A1B scenario) climate and the extreme events are investigated. RegCM3 replicates essential features in the present-day (1981-2000) climate and the associated extreme events, and adequately simulates the seasonal variations over the ecological zones in the country. However, the model simulates the seasonal climate better over the northern ecological zones than over the southern ecological zones. The simulated spatial distribution of the extreme events agrees well with the observation, though the magnitude of the simulated events is smaller than the observed. The study shows that afforestation in Nigeria could have both positive and negative future impacts on the climate change and extreme events in the country. While afforestation reduces the projected global warming and enhances rainfall over the afforested area (and over coastal zones), it enhances the warming and reduces the rainfall over the north-eastern part of the country. In addition, the afforestation induces more frequent occurrence of extreme rainfall events (flooding) over the coastal region and more frequent occurrence of heat waves and droughts over the semi-arid region. The positive and negative impacts of the afforestation are not limited to Nigeria; they extend to the neighboring countries. While afforestation lowers the warming and enhances rainfall over Benin Republic, it increases the warming and lowers the rainfall over Niger, Chad and Cameroon. The result of the study has important implication for the ongoing climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts in Nigeria. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.	Afforestation; Climate change; Extreme events; Geo-engineering; Monsoon; Nigeria	afforestation; climate change; climate modeling; extreme event; global warming; monsoon; rainfall; regional climate; seasonal variation; spatial distribution; Nigeria	NRF, National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891627675	Impacts of convection schemes on simulating tropical-temperate troughs over southern Africa	Tozuka T., Abiodun B.J., Engelbrecht F.A.	2014	Climate Dynamics	42	42371	10.1007/s00382-013-1738-4	Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; Climate System Analysis Group, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, Climate Studies, Modelling and Environmental Health, Pretoria, South Africa	Tozuka, T., Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; Abiodun, B.J., Climate System Analysis Group, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Engelbrecht, F.A., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, Climate Studies, Modelling and Environmental Health, Pretoria, South Africa	This study examines southern African summer rainfall and tropical temperate troughs (TTTs) simulated with three versions of an atmospheric general circulation model differing only in the convection scheme. All three versions provide realistic simulations of key aspects of the summer (November-February) rainfall, such as the spatial distribution of total rainfall and the percentage of rainfall associated with TTTs. However, one version has a large bias in the onset of the rainy season. Results from self-organizing map (SOM) analysis on simulated daily precipitation data reveals that this is because the occurrence of TTTs is underestimated in November. This model bias is not related to westerly wind shear that provides favorable conditions for the development of TTTs. Rather, it is related to excessive upper level convergence and associated subsidence over southern Africa. Furthermore, the model versions are shown to be successful in capturing the observed drier (wetter) conditions over the southern African region during El Niño (La Niña) years. The SOM analysis reveals that nodes associated with TTTs in the southern (northern) part of the domain are observed less (more) often during El Niño years, while nodes associated with TTTs occur more frequently during La Niña years. Also, nodes associated with dry conditions over southern Africa are more (less) frequently observed during El Niño (La Niña) years. The models tend to perform better for La Niña events, because they are more successful in representing the observed frequency of different synoptic patterns. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Atmospheric general circulation model; Convection scheme; El Niño-Southern Oscillation; Southern Africa; Tropical-temperate trough	atmospheric convection; atmospheric general circulation model; precipitation (climatology); precipitation assessment; rainfall; westerly; wind shear; Southern Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84894359286	Evaluation of the CORDEX-Africa multi-RCM hindcast: Systematic model errors	Kim J., Waliser D.E., Mattmann C.A., Goodale C.E., Hart A.F., Zimdars P.A., Crichton D.J., Jones C., Nikulin G., Hewitson B., Jack C., Lennard C., Favre A.	2014	Climate Dynamics	42	42496	10.1007/s00382-013-1751-7	JIFRESSE, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Sveriges Meteorologiska och Hydrologiska Institut, Norrköping, Sweden; University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Centre de Recherches de Climatologie, UMR 6282, Biogéosciences CNRS, Universitée de Bourgogne, Dijon, France	Kim, J., JIFRESSE, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Waliser, D.E., JIFRESSE, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Mattmann, C.A., JIFRESSE, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Goodale, C.E., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Hart, A.F., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Zimdars, P.A., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Crichton, D.J., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Jones, C., Sveriges Meteorologiska och Hydrologiska Institut, Norrköping, Sweden; Nikulin, G., Sveriges Meteorologiska och Hydrologiska Institut, Norrköping, Sweden; Hewitson, B., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Jack, C., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Lennard, C., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Favre, A., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Centre de Recherches de Climatologie, UMR 6282, Biogéosciences CNRS, Universitée de Bourgogne, Dijon, France	Monthly-mean precipitation, mean (TAVG), maximum (TMAX) and minimum (TMIN) surface air temperatures, and cloudiness from the CORDEX-Africa regional climate model (RCM) hindcast experiment are evaluated for model skill and systematic biases. All RCMs simulate basic climatological features of these variables reasonably, but systematic biases also occur across these models. All RCMs show higher fidelity in simulating precipitation for the west part of Africa than for the east part, and for the tropics than for northern Sahara. Interannual variation in the wet season rainfall is better simulated for the western Sahel than for the Ethiopian Highlands. RCM skill is higher for TAVG and TMAX than for TMIN, and regionally, for the subtropics than for the tropics. RCM skill in simulating cloudiness is generally lower than for precipitation or temperatures. For all variables, multi-model ensemble (ENS) generally outperforms individual models included in ENS. An overarching conclusion in this study is that some model biases vary systematically for regions, variables, and metrics, posing difficulties in defining a single representative index to measure model fidelity, especially for constructing ENS. This is an important concern in climate change impact assessment studies because most assessment models are run for specific regions/sectors with forcing data derived from model outputs. Thus, model evaluation and ENS construction must be performed separately for regions, variables, and metrics as required by specific analysis and/or assessments. Evaluations using multiple reference datasets reveal that cross-examination, quality control, and uncertainty estimates of reference data are crucial in model evaluations. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Africa; CORDEX; Impact assessments; IPCC; RCM evaluation; Regional climate; Systematic model biases	None	NASA, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; 1125798, NSF, National Science Foundation; 2011-67004-30224, NSF, National Science Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84894311378	Impact of Mascarene High variability on the East African 'short rains'	Manatsa D., Morioka Y., Behera S.K., Matarira C.H., Yamagata T.	2014	Climate Dynamics	42	42496	10.1007/s00382-013-1848-z	Department of Geography, Bindura University of Science, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Department of Ocean Technology, Policy, and Environment, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan; International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), 34151 Trieste, Italy	Manatsa, D., Department of Geography, Bindura University of Science, Bindura, Zimbabwe, Department of Ocean Technology, Policy, and Environment, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan, International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), 34151 Trieste, Italy; Morioka, Y., Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan; Behera, S.K., Department of Ocean Technology, Policy, and Environment, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan; Matarira, C.H., Department of Geography, Bindura University of Science, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Yamagata, T., Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan	The interannual variability of East African 'short rains' (EASR) and its link with the Mascarene High (MH) variation are explored, using observations and reanalysis data. Correlation and composite analyses for flood and drought events reveal that the EASR variability is strongly linked to the MH zonal displacement, in particular, the zonal movement of the MH eastern ridge. When the MH eastern ridge is anomalously displaced to the west (east) of its normal position, the south east (SE) trade winds over the South Indian Ocean (SIO) anomalously strengthen (weaken). This enhances (reduces) the relatively cool and dry SE trade winds and induces cold (warm) sea surface temperature anomaly in the SIO. As a result, convection over the western equatorial SIO is suppressed (enhanced) and leads to rainfall deficits (excess) over East Africa. Droughts in East Africa are associated with a westward migration of the MH eastern ridge, while the relationship is less clear for flood events and their link to an eastward migration of the MH. Therefore, the zonal migration of the MH eastern ridge provides a novel indicator for the EASR extremes especially droughts. This revelation has immense social application for rainfall forecast over East Africa where rainfall deficits have become more prevalent against the background of deteriorating conventional forecasts for EASR droughts. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Droughts; East Africa 'short rains'; Mascarene High eastern ridge; South East trade winds; South Indian Ocean	None	JSPS, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901988360	Performance assessment of three convective parameterization schemes in WRF for downscaling summer rainfall over South Africa	Ratna S.B., Ratnam J.V., Behera S.K., Rautenbach C.J.W., Ndarana T., Takahashi K., Yamagata T.	2014	Climate Dynamics	42	42686	10.1007/s00382-013-1918-2	Application Laboratory, Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences, JAMSTEC, 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0001, Japan; Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan; University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; South African Weather Service, Pretoria, South Africa; Earth Simulator Center, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan	Ratna, S.B., Application Laboratory, Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences, JAMSTEC, 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0001, Japan; Ratnam, J.V., Application Laboratory, Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences, JAMSTEC, 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0001, Japan, Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan; Behera, S.K., Application Laboratory, Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences, JAMSTEC, 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0001, Japan, Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan; Rautenbach, C.J.W., University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Ndarana, T., South African Weather Service, Pretoria, South Africa; Takahashi, K., Application Laboratory, Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences, JAMSTEC, 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0001, Japan, Earth Simulator Center, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan; Yamagata, T., Application Laboratory, Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences, JAMSTEC, 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0001, Japan	Austral summer rainfall over the period 1991/1992 to 2010/2011 was dynamically downscaled by the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model at 9 km resolution for South Africa. Lateral boundary conditions for WRF were provided from the European Centre for medium-range weather (ECMWF) reanalysis (ERA) interim data. The model biases for the rainfall were evaluated over the South Africa as a whole and its nine provinces separately by employing three different convective parameterization schemes, namely the (1) Kain-Fritsch (KF), (2) Betts-Miller-Janjic (BMJ) and (3) Grell-Devenyi ensemble (GDE) schemes. All three schemes have generated positive rainfall biases over South Africa, with the KF scheme producing the largest biases and mean absolute errors. Only the BMJ scheme could reproduce the intensity of rainfall anomalies, and also exhibited the highest correlation with observed interannual summer rainfall variability. In the KF scheme, a significantly high amount of moisture was transported from the tropics into South Africa. The vertical thermodynamic profiles show that the KF scheme has caused low level moisture convergence, due to the highly unstable atmosphere, and hence contributed to the widespread positive biases of rainfall. The negative bias in moisture, along with a stable atmosphere and negative biases of vertical velocity simulated by the GDE scheme resulted in negative rainfall biases, especially over the Limpopo Province. In terms of rain rate, the KF scheme generated the lowest number of low rain rates and the maximum number of moderate to high rain rates associated with more convective unstable environment. KF and GDE schemes overestimated the convective rain and underestimated the stratiform rain. However, the simulated convective and stratiform rain with BMJ scheme is in more agreement with the observations. This study also documents the performance of regional model in downscaling the large scale climate mode such as El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and subtropical dipole modes. The correlations between the simulated area averaged rainfalls over South Africa and Nino3.4 index were -0.66, -0.69 and -0.49 with KF, BMJ and GDE scheme respectively as compared to the observed correlation of -0.57. The model could reproduce the observed ENSO-South Africa rainfall relationship and could successfully simulate three wet (dry) years that are associated with La Niña (El Niño) and the BMJ scheme is closest to the observed variability. Also, the model showed good skill in simulating the excess rainfall over South Africa that is associated with positive subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole for the DJF season 2005/2006. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Convective parameterization schemes; Downscaling; ENSO; Seasonal rainfall; South Africa; WRF regional model	boundary condition; convective system; downscaling; El Nino-Southern Oscillation; ensemble forecasting; La Nina; parameterization; performance assessment; rainfall; summer; thermodynamics; weather forecasting; South Africa	JST, Japan Science and Technology Agency
Scopus	2-s2.0-84946474311	The impact of ENSO on Southern African rainfall in CMIP5 ocean atmosphere coupled climate models	Dieppois B., Rouault M., New M.	2015	Climate Dynamics	45	42623	10.1007/s00382-015-2480-x	African Climate and Development Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Oceanography, MARE Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Nansen-Tutu Center for Marine Environmental Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Dieppois, B., African Climate and Development Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Oceanography, MARE Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Rouault, M., Department of Oceanography, MARE Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Nansen-Tutu Center for Marine Environmental Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; New, M., African Climate and Development Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	We study the ability of 24 ocean atmosphere global coupled models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) to reproduce the teleconnections between El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Southern African rainfall in austral summer using historical forced simulations, with a focus on the atmospheric dynamic associated with El Niño. Overestimations of summer rainfall occur over Southern Africa in all CMIP5 models. Abnormal westward extensions of ENSO patterns are a common feature of all CMIP5 models, while the warming of the Indian Ocean that happens during El Niño is not correctly reproduced. This could impact the teleconnection between ENSO and Southern African rainfall which is represented with mixed success in CMIP5 models. Large-scale anomalies of suppressed deep-convection over the tropical maritime continent and enhanced convection from the central to eastern Pacific are correctly simulated. However, regional biases occur above Africa and the Indian Ocean, particularly in the position of the deep convection anomalies associated with El Niño, which can lead to the wrong sign in rainfall anomalies in the northwest part of South Africa. From the near-surface to mid-troposphere, CMIP5 models underestimate the observed anomalous pattern of pressure occurring over Southern Africa that leads to dry conditions during El Niño years. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	CMIP5; Coupled model; El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO); Rainfall; Southern Africa; Teleconnection	atmosphere-ocean coupling; atmospheric convection; atmospheric dynamics; climate modeling; El Nino-Southern Oscillation; rainfall; teleconnection; Southern Africa	NRF, Water Research Commission; WRC, Water Research Commission
Scopus	2-s2.0-49649085836	Colostomy for high anorectal malformation: An evaluation of morbidity and mortality in a developing country	Chirdan L.B., Uba F.A., Ameh E.A., Mshelbwala P.M.	2008	Pediatric Surgery International	24	4	10.1007/s00383-008-2114-z	University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Murtala Mohammed Way, Jos, Nigeria; Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria	Chirdan, L.B., University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Murtala Mohammed Way, Jos, Nigeria; Uba, F.A., University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Murtala Mohammed Way, Jos, Nigeria; Ameh, E.A., Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria; Mshelbwala, P.M., Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria	Colostomy is a life-saving procedure in newborns with high anorectal malformations (ARM). However, the procedure may be attended by complications, particularly in resource limited settings. This is an evaluation of the morbidity and mortality following colostomy for ARM in newborns in two paediatric teaching centres in a developing country. A retrospective review of 61 neonates who had colostomy for high ARM in 4 years is conducted. The babies were categorised into Group A (weight at presentation < 2.5 kg) and Group B (weight at presentation > 2.5 kg). There were 47 boys and 14 girls aged 18 h to 28 days (median 6 days). There were 23 babies in Group A; 18 had colostomy under local anaesthetic (LA), 5 of whom died while 5 had the procedure done under general anaesthetic (GA), 3 of whom died (mortality 8/23, 34.78%). Group B consisted of 38 babies, 18 had colostomy under GA, 3 died, while in 20 the procedure was under LA, 1 of who died (mortality 4/38, 10.5%). The difference in mortality between groups A and B was statistically insignificant (p < 0.056). There were no significant differences in outcome between the two groups when the type of anaesthesia or types of colostomy were considered. Surgical site infection was the most common 12/61, 19.7%. Of the 12 babies that died, 7 were due to overwhelming infections, 4 respiratory insufficiencies and 1 cyanotic heart disease. The overall procedure related mortality was therefore 7 (11.5%). None of the centres had adequate neonatal intensive care services during the period of this report. Morbidity and mortality following colostomy for ARM in newborns is still high in this setting, due largely to infective complications, particularly in babies < 2.5 kg. © Springer-Verlag 2008.	Anorectal malformation; Colostomy; Morbidity	anal canal; article; body weight; clinical trial; colostomy; congenital malformation; developing country; evaluation; female; human; male; methodology; mortality; multicenter study; newborn; postoperative complication; prematurity; rectum; retrospective study; survival rate; treatment outcome; Anal Canal; Body Weight; Colostomy; Developing Countries; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Male; Postoperative Complications; Rectum; Retrospective Studies; Survival Rate; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857048528	Evaluation of smell and taste in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis	Fasunla J.A., Hundt W., Lutz J., Förger F., Thürmel K., Steinbach S.	2012	European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology	269	1	10.1007/s00405-011-1691-y	Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Philipps-University, Baldingerstrae, Marburg 35033, Germany; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Ibadan, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Radiology, Philipps-University, Marburg, G	Fasunla, J.A., Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Philipps-University, Baldingerstrae, Marburg 35033, Germany, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Ibadan, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; Hundt, W., Department of Radiology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany; Lutz, J., Department of Nephrology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany; Förger, F., Department of Rheumatology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Thürmel, K., Department of Nephrology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany; Steinbach, S., Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Philipps-University, Baldingerstrae, Marburg 35033, Germany	Although a reduced olfactory/gustatory function affects patients in all parts of life, this problem has not received much attention in Wegener's granulomatosis (WG). The aim of this study was to assess the smell/taste function of WG patients. Demographic data of 16 WG patients (9 males, 7 females) were obtained. They all subjectively assessed their taste/smell function on visual analogue scale. Olfactory/gustatory functions of the patients were tested with 'Sniffin' Sticks and 'Taste' strips, respectively. The results were then compared with those from sex and age-matched control group (n = 16) and normative data. WG patients subjectively assessed their olfactory (p = 0.03) and gustatory (p = 0.02) function to be lower than control group. All the olfactory scores (odour identification, odour discrimination and threshold) in both genders were significantly below the scores in the control group. WG patients were hyposmic. For taste (total taste score, as well as scores for the qualities sweet, sour, salty and bitter), WG patients did not significantly differ from controls and were normogeusic. However, the gustatory scores showed the tendency of reduction as compared to the control group. In conclusion, WG patients truly suffer from olfactory/taste dysfunction, but this is worse with olfaction. It is, therefore, imperative that physicians should make their patients to be aware of these sensory dysfunctions and educate them on methods to cope with it for better quality of life. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.	Smell; Taste; Wegener's granulomatosis	acetylsalicylic acid; azathioprine; cortisone; cotrimoxazole; cyclophosphamide; dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase inhibitor; methotrexate; mycophenolic acid; adult; aged; article; bitter taste; clinical article; controlled study; demography; female; human; human tissue; hyposmia; low drug dose; male; nose septum reconstruction; olfactory discrimination; priority journal; scoring system; sensory evaluation; smelling; sweetness; taste; visual analog scale; Wegener granulomatosis; Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Olfaction Disorders; Smell; Taste; Taste Disorders; Wegener Granulomatosis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938751855	A cross-sectional evaluation of the correlation between disease severity and quality of life in chronic rhinosinusitis patients in Nigeria	Olowosusi O.Z., Asoegwu C.N., Olagunju A.T., Nwawolo C.C.	2015	European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology	272	9	10.1007/s00405-014-3348-0	Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria	Olowosusi, O.Z., Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria; Asoegwu, C.N., Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria; Olagunju, A.T., Department of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria; Nwawolo, C.C., Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria	Quality of Life (QoL) studies are increasingly being used as the primary outcome measure in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) globally. However, little is known about QoL and the interplay of identifiable factors on QoL in CRS in sub-Saharan Africa. This study investigated the correlation between disease severity and QoL in chronic rhinosinusitis patients. A total of 147 adults with subjective severity rating of CRS were studied. Participants were assessed using designed questionnaire, Individual Rhinosinusitis Symptom Severity Score Assessment (IRSSSA) and Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (RSDI) questionnaires to elicit socio-demographic/clinical profile, CRS symptom severity and QoL, respectively. The mean age of the participants was 36.86 ± 11.91 years. The mean severity score of all 147 CRS cases was 3.8 ± 1.13. The majority of participants (N = 80; 54.4 %) had moderate disease. The RSDI mean scores for the participants for overall HRQoL were 40.6 ± 19.8. (Median = 40; Range = 77), for physical domain 15.2 ± 7.7, functional domain 12.1 ± 6.4 and emotional domain 13.2 ± 8.2. The trend of association between the disease severity scores and the overall HRQoL on Pearson linear correlation indicates a positive linear association of worsening overall HRQoL with increasing disease severity (R = 0.83; P < 0.0001). The severity of CRS impacted negatively on the HRQoL. All domains were significantly affected by the disease severity particularly the physical domain. Patients adjudged severity of their disease and its’ impact on their quality of life should be considered in the determination of the line of their management which could include psychosocial intervention. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Africans; Chronic rhinosinusitis; Quality of life; Rhinosinusitis disability index	adult; aged; Article; chronic rhinosinusitis; correlational study; cross-sectional study; disease severity; disease severity assessment; emotion; female; functional status; human; Individual Rhinosinusitis Symptom Severity Score Assessment; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; physical activity; priority journal; quality of life; quality of life assessment; Rhinosinusitis Disability Index; adolescent; chronic disease; middle aged; psychology; rhinitis; severity of illness index; sinusitis; young adult; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Chronic Disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Quality of Life; Rhinitis; Severity of Illness Index; Sinusitis; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36448937088	Stable isotope study of the Archaean rocks of the Vredefort impact structure, central Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa	Fagereng Å., Harris C., La Grange M., Stevens G.	2008	Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology	155	1	10.1007/s00410-007-0224-6	Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa; Department of Geology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Department of Geology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand	Fagereng, Å., Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa, Department of Geology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand; Harris, C., Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa; La Grange, M., Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa; Stevens, G., Department of Geology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	The Vredefort dome in the Kaapvaal Craton was formed as a result of the impact of a large meteorite at 2.02 Ga. The central core of Archaean granitic basement rocks is surrounded by a collar of uplifted and overturned strata of the Witwatersrand Supergroup, exposing a substantial depth section of the Archaean crust. Orthogneisses of the core show little variation in whole-rock δ18O value, with the majority being between 8 and 10‰, with a mean of 9.2% (n = 35). Quartz and feldspar have per mil differences that are consistent with O-isotope equilibrium at high temperatures, suggesting minimal interaction with fluids during subsequent cooling. These data refute previous suggestions that the Outer Granite Gneiss (OGG) and Inlandsee Leucogranofels (ILG) of the core represent middle and lower crust, respectively. Granulite-facies greenstone remnants from the ILG have δ18O values that are on average 1.5% higher than the ILG host rocks and are unlikely, therefore, to represent the residuum from the partial melting event that formed the host rock. Witwatersrand Supergroup sedimentary rocks of the collar, which were metamorphosed at greenschist-to amphibolite-facies conditions, generally have lower δ18O values than the core rocks with a mean value for metapelites of 7.7% (n = 45). Overall, through an 20 km thick section of crust, there is a general increase in whole-rock δ18O value with increasing depth. This is the reverse of what is normal in the crust, largely because the collar rocks have δ18O values that are unusually low in comparison with metamorphosed sedimentary rocks worldwide. The collar rocks have δD values ranging from -35 to -115‰ (average -62‰, n = 29), which are consistent with interaction with water of meteoric origin, having a δD of about -25 to -45‰. We suggest that fluid movement through the collar rocks was enhanced by impact-induced secondary permeability in the dome structure. © Springer-Verlag 2007.	Archaean basement; Fluid-rock interaction; Stable isotopes; Vredefort impact structure; Witwatersrand Supergroup	Archean; basement rock; granite; granulite facies; greenstone; host rock; impact structure; lower crust; meteorite; orthogneiss; partial melting; stable isotope; Africa; Free State; Kaapvaal Craton; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Vredefort Dome; Witwatersrand	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78651254199	Increasing the discrimination power of forensic STR testing by employing high-performance mass spectrometry, as illustrated in indigenous South African and Central Asian populations	Pitterl F., Schmidt K., Huber G., Zimmermann B., Delport R., Amory S., Ludes B., Oberacher H., Parson W.	2010	International Journal of Legal Medicine	124	6	10.1007/s00414-009-0408-x	Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Müllerstrasse 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Medical Genetics, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology, Institute of Legal Medicine, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France; International Commission on Missing Persons, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina	Pitterl, F., Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Müllerstrasse 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Schmidt, K., Department of Medical Genetics, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Huber, G., Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Müllerstrasse 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Zimmermann, B., Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Müllerstrasse 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Delport, R., Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Amory, S., Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Müllerstrasse 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria, Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology, Institute of Legal Medicine, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France, International Commission on Missing Persons, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Ludes, B., Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology, Institute of Legal Medicine, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Oberacher, H., Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Müllerstrasse 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Parson, W., Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Müllerstrasse 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria	Short tandem repeat (STR) typing has become the standard technique in forensic methodology for the identification of unknown samples. National DNA databases have been established that contain STR genotypes for intelligence purposes. Due to their success, national DNA databases have been growing so fast that the number of advantageous matches may become a logistic problem for the analysts. This is especially true for partial STR profiles as they display reduced discrimination power. To overcome this drawback, modified versions (so-called mini-STRs) of existing loci were introduced as well as new loci to improve the information content of (partial) STR profiles. We pursue an alternative approach that makes use of nucleotide variation within the amplified STR fragments, which can be discerned by mass spectrometry. We have developed an assay that determines molecular masses from crude STR amplicons which were purified and separated by a liquid chromatographic system directly hyphenated to an electrospray ionization mass spectrometer. We present here new population data of forensically relevant STRs in Khoisan and Yakut populations. These autochthonous groups were selected as they may harbor additional STR alleles that are rare or unobserved in modern humans from cosmopolitan areas, especially for the Khoisan, which are known to represent a very ancient human population. The analysis of the molecular mass of STRs offered a widened spectrum of allele variability escorted by enhanced forensic use. Thus, established STR data derived from fragment size analysis can still be used in casework or in the context of intelligence databasing. © Springer-Verlag 2010.	Forensic science; Khoisan; Liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Short tandem repeats; Yakut	microsatellite DNA; article; Asian; comparative study; forensic genetics; forensic medicine; genetic variability; genetics; genotype; human; mass spectrometry; methodology; Negro; population genetics; African Continental Ancestry Group; Asian Continental Ancestry Group; Forensic Genetics; Forensic Medicine; Genetic Variation; Genetics, Population; Genotype; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Microsatellite Repeats	None
None	None	Parkinsonism in a population of northern Tanzania: A community-based door-to-door study in combination with a prospective hospital-based evaluation	Winkler A.S., Tütüncü E., Trendafilova A., Meindl M., Kaaya J., Schmutzhard E., Kassubek J.	2010	Journal of Neurology	257	5	10.1007/s00415-009-5420-z	Palliative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; Haydom Lutheran Hospital, Mbulu, Manyara, Tanzania; Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; District General Hospital, Babati, Manyara, Tanzania	Winkler, A.S., Palliative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany, Haydom Lutheran Hospital, Mbulu, Manyara, Tanzania; Tütüncü, E., Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Trendafilova, A., Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Meindl, M., Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Kaaya, J., District General Hospital, Babati, Manyara, Tanzania; Schmutzhard, E., Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Kassubek, J., Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany	The prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) in sub-Saharan Africa is still a matter of debate. The few studies that have been conducted have shown prevalences lower than those in the western world. Whether this represents a genuine finding is unclear to date. In northern Tanzania, we have conducted a hospital-based evaluation and a community-based door-to-door study to assess the prevalence of Parkinsonism, including that of PD. Over a period of 8 months, all patients admitted to a mid-size rural hospital were screened for PD. In parallel, 1,569 people aged ≥50 years were recruited from the communities and assessed for PD with standard questions. Sampling was performed according to the method of "multistage cluster sampling." The questions had previously been tested in a pilot study prior to the survey. People who screened positive were examined by a specialist neurologist. In the hospital, eight of 740 people with neurological diagnoses had Parkinsonism, of whom three patients had a diagnosis of PD. In the community-based study, 18 people answered positively to least one of the 12 screening questions. However, the diagnosis of PD could not be confirmed by further examination in any of them. The prevalence of PD in northern Tanzania was found to be very low. This result would need confirmation in studies with larger populations, ideally of different African ethnicities. © 2009 Springer-Verlag.	Community-based study; Hospital-based study; Parkinson's disease; Prevalence; Tanzania	adult; Africa; aged; article; clinical article; community; ethnicity; evaluation; extrapyramidal syndrome; female; health survey; hospital; hospital admission; human; male; medical specialist; Parkinson disease; parkinsonism; physical examination; pilot study; population; prevalence; priority journal; screening; Tanzania; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Parkinson Disease; Parkinsonian Disorders; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Rural Population; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-20344392413	Cycling time trial performance during different phases of the menstrual cycle	Oosthuyse T., Bosch A.N., Jackson S.	2005	European Journal of Applied Physiology	94	3	10.1007/s00421-005-1324-5	School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa; UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Sport Science Institute of South Africa, Newlands 7725, South Africa; Department of Human and Animal Physiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Oosthuyse, T., School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa; Bosch, A.N., UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Sport Science Institute of South Africa, Newlands 7725, South Africa; Jackson, S., Department of Human and Animal Physiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Submaximal exercise performance has not previously been assessed in the late follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, which is associated with a pre-ovulatory surge in oestrogen. Therefore, we compared cycling time trial performance during the early follicular (EF), late follicular (LF) and mid-luteal (ML) phase of the menstrual cycle in trained and untrained eumenorrhoeic women who cycled 30 and 15 km, respectively, in a non-fasted state. The women completed the three cycling time trials on a conventional racing bicycle mounted on an air-braked ergometer. We required resting oestrogen to increase by at least twofold above EF phase values in both the LF and ML phases and this resulted in a number of exclusions reducing the sample size of each group. No significant difference was noted in the finishing time between the different menstrual phases in trained (n = 5) or untrained (n = 8) group, albeit limited by sample size. However, analysis of the combined trained and untrained group data (n = 13) revealed a trend for a faster finishing time (P=0.027) in the LF phase compared to the EF phase as 73% of the subjects showed improvements with an average of 5.2±2.9% (or 2.1±1.1 min) in the LF phase (for α=0.05 requires P < 0.017). Combined group analysis yielded no difference between performance in the EF and ML phase or between the LF and ML phase. Thus, further research is encouraged to confirm the tendency for a faster time trial in the LF phase, which coincides with the pre-ovulatory surge in oestrogen. © Springer-Verlag 2005.	Endurance performance; Eumenorrhoeic women; Ovarian hormones	estrogen; luteinizing hormone; adult; article; bicycle ergometry; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; estrogen blood level; exercise; female; follicular phase; heart rate; human; human experiment; luteal phase; luteinizing hormone blood level; menstrual cycle; normal human; oxygen consumption; physical capacity; priority journal; progesterone blood level; statistical analysis; statistical significance; Adult; Bicycling; Estrogens; Exercise Test; Female; Follicular Phase; Humans; Luteal Phase; Menstrual Cycle; Physical Education and Training; Task Performance and Analysis; Time Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745470983	Neuromuscular factors determining 5 km running performance and running economy in well-trained athletes	Nummela A.T., Paavolainen L.M., Sharwood K.A., Lambert M.I., Noakes T.D., Rusko H.K.	2006	European Journal of Applied Physiology	97	1	10.1007/s00421-006-0147-3	KIHU - Research Institute for Olympic Sports, Rautpohjankatu 6, 40700 Jyväskylä, Finland; Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland	Nummela, A.T., KIHU - Research Institute for Olympic Sports, Rautpohjankatu 6, 40700 Jyväskylä, Finland; Paavolainen, L.M., KIHU - Research Institute for Olympic Sports, Rautpohjankatu 6, 40700 Jyväskylä, Finland; Sharwood, K.A., Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Lambert, M.I., Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Noakes, T.D., Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Rusko, H.K., KIHU - Research Institute for Olympic Sports, Rautpohjankatu 6, 40700 Jyväskylä, Finland, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland	This study investigated the effects of the neuromuscular and force-velocity characteristics in distance running performance and running economy. Eighteen well-trained male distance runners performed five different tests: 20 m maximal sprint, running economy at the velocity of 4.28 m s-1, 5 km time trial, maximal anaerobic running test (MART), and a treadmill test to determine VO2max. The AEMG ratio was calculated by the sum average EMG (AEMG) of the five lower extremity muscles during the 5 km divided by the sum AEMG of the same muscles during the maximal 20 m sprinting. The runners' capacity to produce power above VO2max (MART VO2gain) was calculated by subtracting VO2max from the oxygen demand of the maximal velocity in the MART (VMART). Velocity of 5 km (V5K) correlated with VMART (r=0.77, p&lt;0.001) and VO2max (r=0.49, p&lt;0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that MART VO2gain and VO2max explained 73% of the variation in V5K. A significant relationship also existed between running economy and MART VO2gain (r=0.73, p&lt;0.01). A significant correlation existed between V5K and AEMG ratio during the ground contact phase at the 3 km (r=0.60, p&lt;0.05) suggesting that neural input may affect distance running performance. The results of the present study support the idea that distance running performance and running economy are related to neuromuscular capacity to produce force and that the VMART can be used as a determinant of distance-running performance. © Springer-Verlag 2006.	Distance running performance; EMG; Ground contact time; Running economy; Stride length	adolescent; adult; anaerobic exercise; analysis of variance; article; athlete; correlation analysis; electromyogram; exercise physiology; exercise test; human; human experiment; leg muscle; male; multiple linear regression analysis; muscle force; muscle function; muscle strength; neuromuscular function; normal human; oxygen consumption; physical capacity; priority journal; running; task performance; Adult; Electromyography; Exertion; Humans; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Physical Endurance; Psychomotor Performance; Running	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-35348933379	Hyperoxia improves 20 km cycling time trial performance by increasing muscle activation levels while perceived exertion stays the same	Tucker R., Kayser B., Rae E., Rauch L., Bosch A., Noakes T.	2007	European Journal of Applied Physiology	101	6	10.1007/s00421-007-0458-z	Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, P.O. Box 115, Newlands 7725, South Africa; Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland	Tucker, R., Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, P.O. Box 115, Newlands 7725, South Africa; Kayser, B., Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Rae, E., Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, P.O. Box 115, Newlands 7725, South Africa; Rauch, L., Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, P.O. Box 115, Newlands 7725, South Africa; Bosch, A., Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, P.O. Box 115, Newlands 7725, South Africa; Noakes, T., Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, P.O. Box 115, Newlands 7725, South Africa	Increasing inspiratory oxygen tension improves exercise performance. We tested the hypothesis that this is partly due to changes in muscle activation levels while perception of exertion remains unaltered. Eleven male subjects performed two 20-km cycling time-trials, one in hyperoxia (HI, FiO2 40%) and one in normoxia (NORM, FiO2 21%). Every 2 km we measured power output, heart rate, blood lactate, integrated vastus lateralis EMG activity (iEMG) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). Performance was improved on average by 5% in HI compared to NORM (P &lt; 0.01). Changes in heart rate, plasma lactate concentration and RPE during the trials were similar. For the majority of the time-trials, power output was maintained in HI, but decreased progressively in NORM (P &lt; 0.01) while it increased in both trials for the last kilometre (P &lt; 0.0001). iEMG was proportional to power output and was significantly greater in HI than in NORM. iEMG activity increased significantly in the final kilometer of both trials (P &lt; 0.001). This suggests that improved exercise performance in hyperoxia may be the result of increased muscle activation leading to greater power outputs. The finding of identical RPE, lactate and heart rate in both trials suggests that pacing strategies are altered to keep the actual and perceived exercise stress at a similar level between conditions. We suggest that a complex, intelligent system regulates exercise performance through the control of muscle activation levels in an integrative manner under conditions of normoxia and hyperoxia. © Springer-Verlag 2007.	Exercise; Fatigue; Hyperoxia; Pacing strategy	lactic acid; adult; article; athlete; controlled study; cycling; electromyogram; heart rate; human; human experiment; hyperoxia; hypothesis; lactate blood level; male; muscle contraction; muscle strength; normal human; physical performance; priority journal; statistical significance; vastus lateralis muscle; Adult; Athletic Performance; Bicycling; Biomechanics; Electromyography; Exertion; Heart Rate; Humans; Hyperoxia; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle Fatigue; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen; Perception	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76449120950	Measuring submaximal performance parameters to monitor fatigue and predict cycling performance: A case study of a world-class cyclo-cross cyclist	Lamberts R.P., Rietjens G.J., Tijdink H.H., Noakes T.D., Lambert M.I.	2010	European Journal of Applied Physiology	108	1	10.1007/s00421-009-1291-3	Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, P.O. Box 115, Newlands 7725, South Africa; Netherlands Olympic Committee, Netherlands Sports Confederation (NOC NSF), Arnhem, Netherlands; Department of Training Medicine and Training Physiology, Royal Dutch Army, Ministry of Defence, Utrecht, Netherlands; Institute for Physical Therapy de Boombosch, Twello, Netherlands	Lamberts, R.P., Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, P.O. Box 115, Newlands 7725, South Africa; Rietjens, G.J., Netherlands Olympic Committee, Netherlands Sports Confederation (NOC NSF), Arnhem, Netherlands, Department of Training Medicine and Training Physiology, Royal Dutch Army, Ministry of Defence, Utrecht, Netherlands; Tijdink, H.H., Institute for Physical Therapy de Boombosch, Twello, Netherlands; Noakes, T.D., Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, P.O. Box 115, Newlands 7725, South Africa; Lambert, M.I., Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, P.O. Box 115, Newlands 7725, South Africa	Recently a novel submaximal test, known as the Lamberts and Lambert submaximal cycle test (LSCT), has been developed with the purpose of monitoring and predicting changes in cycling performance. Although this test has been shown to be reliable and able to predict cycling performance, it is not known whether it can measure changes in training status. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether the LSCT is able to track changes in performance parameters, and objective and subjective markers of well-being. A world class cyclo-cross athlete (31 years) volunteered to participate in a 10-week observational study. Before and after the study, a peak power output (PPO) test with respiratory gas analysis (VO2max) and a 40-km time trial (40-km TT) test were performed. Training data were recorded in a training logbook with a daily assessment of well-being, while a weekly LSCT was performed. After the training period all performance parameters had improved by a meaningful amount (PPO +5.2%; 40-km TT time -2.5%; VO2max +1.4%). Increased training loads during weeks 2 and 6 and the subsequent training-induced fatigue was reflected in the increased well-being scores. Changes during the LSCT were most clearly notable in (1) increased power during the first minute of third stage, (2) increased rating of perceived exertion during second and third stages, and (3) a faster heart rate recovery after the third stage. In conclusion, these data suggest that the LSCT is able to track changes in training status and detect the consequences of sharp increases in training loads which seem to be associated with accumulating fatigue. © 2009 Springer-Verlag.	Cycling; Fatigue; Heart rate recovery; LSCT; Monitoring; Performance	adaptation; adult; article; athlete; athletic performance; bicycle; case report; endurance; exercise; exercise test; exercise tolerance; fatigue; fitness; human; leg; male; methodology; muscle fatigue; muscle strength; oxygen consumption; pathophysiology; physiology; psychological aspect; task performance; Adaptation, Physiological; Adult; Athletes; Athletic Performance; Bicycling; Exercise Test; Exercise Tolerance; Fatigue; Humans; Leg; Male; Muscle Fatigue; Muscle Strength; Oxygen Consumption; Physical Endurance; Physical Exertion; Physical Fitness; Task Performance and Analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899644624	The validity of the Moxus Modular metabolic system during incremental exercise tests: Impacts on detection of small changes in oxygen consumption	Beltrami F.G., Froyd C., Mamen A., Noakes T.D.	2014	European Journal of Applied Physiology	114	5	10.1007/s00421-014-2825-x	Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Boundary Road, Newlands 7700, South Africa; Faculty of Teacher Education and Sport, Sogn Og Fjordane University College, Sogndal, Norway; University College of Health Sciences, Campus Kristiania, Oslo, Norway	Beltrami, F.G., Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Boundary Road, Newlands 7700, South Africa; Froyd, C., Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Boundary Road, Newlands 7700, South Africa, Faculty of Teacher Education and Sport, Sogn Og Fjordane University College, Sogndal, Norway; Mamen, A., University College of Health Sciences, Campus Kristiania, Oslo, Norway; Noakes, T.D., Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Boundary Road, Newlands 7700, South Africa	Purpose: We investigated the accuracy of the Moxus Modular Metabolic System (MOXUS) against the Douglas Bag Method (DBM) during high-intensity exercise, and whether the two methods agreed when detecting small changes in V̇ O 2 between two consecutive workloads (ΔV̇O2). Methods: Twelve trained male runners performed two maximal incremental running tests while gas exchange was analyzed simultaneously by the two systems using a serial setup for four consecutive intervals of 30 s on each test. Comparisons between methods were performed for V ̇O2, V ̇E, fractions of expired O2 (FeO2) and CO2 (FeCO2) and ΔV̇O2. Results: The MOXUS produced significant higher (mean ± SD, n = 54) readings for V̇O2 (80 ± 200 mL min-1, p = 0.005) and V̇E (2.9 ± 4.2 L min-1, p &lt; 0.0001), but not FeO2 (-0.01 ± 0.09). Log-transformed 95 % limits of agreement for readings between methods were 94-110 % for V ̇O2, 97-108 % for V ̇E and 99-101 % for FeO2. Δ V ̇O2 for two consecutive measurements was not different between systems (120 ± 110 vs. 90 ± 190 mL min-1 for MOXUS and DBM, respectively, p = 0.26), but agreement between methods was very low (r = 0.25, p = 0.12). Discussion: Although it was tested during high-intensity exercise and short sampling intervals, the MOXUS performed within the acceptable range of accuracy reported for automated analyzers. Most of the differences between equipments were due to differences in V ̇E. Detecting small changes in V ̇O 2 during an incremental test with small changes in workload, however, might be beyond the equipment's accuracy. © 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Criterion validity; Douglas Bag method; Gas exchange; Moxus Modular metabolic system; Oxygen uptake	adolescent; adult; comparative study; exercise; exercise test; human; lung gas exchange; male; oxygen consumption; physiology; procedures; Adolescent; Adult; Exercise; Exercise Test; Humans; Male; Oxygen Consumption; Pulmonary Gas Exchange	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939950343	Factors to consider when assessing diurnal variation in sports performance: the influence of chronotype and habitual training time-of-day	Rae D.E., Stephenson K.J., Roden L.C.	2015	European Journal of Applied Physiology	115	6	10.1007/s00421-015-3109-9	MRC/UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Rae, D.E., MRC/UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Stephenson, K.J., MRC/UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Roden, L.C., Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare morning and evening time-trial performance, RPE and mood state of trained swimmers, taking into account chronotype, habitual training time-of-day and PERIOD3 (PER3) variable number tandem repeat genotype.Methods: Twenty-six swimmers (18 males, age: 32.6 ± 5.7 years) swam 200 m time trials (TT) at 06h30 and 18h30 in a randomised order.Results: There was no difference between morning and evening performance when the swimmers were considered as a single group (06h30: 158.8 ± 22.7 s, 18h30: 158.5 ± 22.0 s, p = 0.611). However, grouping swimmers by chronotype and habitual training time-of-day allowed us to detect significant diurnal variation in performance, such that morning-type swimmers and those who habitually train in the morning were faster in the 06h30 TT (p = 0.036 and p = 0.011, respectively). This was accompanied by lower ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) scores post-warm-up, higher vigour and lower fatigues scores prior to the 06h30 TT in morning-type swimmers or those who trained in the morning. Similarly, neither types and those who trained in the evenings had lower fatigue and higher vigour prior to the 18h30 TT.Conclusions: It appears that both chronotype and habitual training time-of-day need to be considered when assessing diurnal variation in performance. From a practical point of view, athletes and coaches should be aware of the potentially powerful effect of training time on shifting time-of-day variation in performance. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Chronobiology; Habitual training; Morning types; Neither types; PER3 VNTR	None	National Research Foundation; MRC, National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84869504734	Impact of disease frequency and host density on pollination and transmission of an African anther-smut fungus	Curran H.R., Dreyer L.L., Roets F.	2012	Planta	236	6	10.1007/s00425-012-1727-6	Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Curran, H.R., Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Dreyer, L.L., Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Roets, F., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa	The vast majority of flowering plants rely solely on insects for pollination. A number of pathogens have evolved mechanisms to exploit these close associations and use pollinators as vectors of infective propagules. Factors that affect pollinator movements and successful pollination may in turn also influence successful transmission of fungal spores. Here we investigate the effect of host density and the frequency of diseased Oxalis lanata individuals infected by the anther-smut fungus, Thecaphoracapensis, on the likelihood of receiving pollen and fungal spores. Specifically, we determined the numbers of spores and pollen grains deposited on stigmatic surfaces of selected flowers under natural and standardized conditions where host density and disease frequency varied. The effect of host flower density and diseased flower frequency on pollen and spore transfer was variable under natural conditions and these factors interacted significantly. However, an increase in host density and disease frequency significantly influenced pollen and spore deposits under standardized conditions. The effect of host density was, however, not linear and an optimal flower density for pollen and fungal spore transmission was found. Similar to other systems of vector-borne disease, the transmission of anther-smut of Oxalislanata is more frequency-dependent than density-dependent. This study represents a first step towards understanding the disease transmission process of T. capensis on Oxalis and lays the foundation for future comparative studies between this and other systems to develop and test general hypotheses of disease dynamics in vector-borne disease transmission systems. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.	Anther-smut; Microbotryum violaceum; Oxalis lanata; Spore transmission; Thecaphora capensis	animal; article; Basidiomycetes; fern; flower; fungus spore; growth, development and aging; insect; microbiology; physiology; plant disease; pollen; pollination; reproduction; South Africa; statistical model; statistics; Animals; Basidiomycota; Ferns; Flowers; Insects; Linear Models; Plant Diseases; Pollen; Pollination; Reproduction; South Africa; Spores, Fungal; Bacteria (microorganisms); Fungi; Hexapoda; Magnoliophyta; Microbotryum violaceum; Oxalis; Thecaphora	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36148949714	Hepatitis B virus genotype E surface antigen detection with different immunoassays and diagnostic impact of mutations in the preS/S gene	Olinger C.M., Weber B., Otegbayo J.A., Ammerlaan W., Van Der Taelem-Brulé N., Muller C.P.	2007	Medical Microbiology and Immunology	196	4	10.1007/s00430-007-0050-5	Institute of Immunology, National Public Health Laboratory, 20a, rue Auguste Lumière, Luxembourg 1950, Luxembourg; Laboratoires Réunis Junglinster, Z.A.C. Langwies, Junglinster 6131, Luxembourg; Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Universitätskliniken Fr	Olinger, C.M., Institute of Immunology, National Public Health Laboratory, 20a, rue Auguste Lumière, Luxembourg 1950, Luxembourg; Weber, B., Laboratoires Réunis Junglinster, Z.A.C. Langwies, Junglinster 6131, Luxembourg, Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Universitätskliniken Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Otegbayo, J.A., Gastrointestinal/Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan/University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ammerlaan, W., Institute of Immunology, National Public Health Laboratory, 20a, rue Auguste Lumière, Luxembourg 1950, Luxembourg; Van Der Taelem-Brulé, N., Laboratoires Réunis Junglinster, Z.A.C. Langwies, Junglinster 6131, Luxembourg; Muller, C.P., Institute of Immunology, National Public Health Laboratory, 20a, rue Auguste Lumière, Luxembourg 1950, Luxembourg	The major neutralizing epitope, the "a" determinant of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype E surface antigen (HBsAg) is most divergent from that of genotype A, which is used for preparing monoclonal antibodies used in commercially available HBV reagents. To evaluate the performance of the latest generation of HBsAg detection assays with respect to genotype E HBsAg. Three commercial assays were evaluated using sera from 200 Nigerian patients compared to the preS/S sequence of DNA positive samples. Out of 200 samples, 61 and 103 gave concordant positive and negative results between the three HBsAg assays. Of 36 samples with discordant results, 35 were confirmed negative by neutralisation. One of the three assays showed significantly high rate of false positives (29 of 35). DNA positive samples with no detectable HBsAg or reduced HBsAg detection signals (<75% of mean signal obtained with HBsAg positive samples) revealed several mutations (V14A, F46S, N48T, L49R, I49T, D51G, A53V, P54L, Q82P, F83C, L127P, A184V, T189I, S204N, V224A), mostly outside the a-determinant. Several of these mutations are found as wild type nucleotides normally in genotype A and only exceptionally in genotype E. All three assays showed comparable sensitivities for genotype E HBsAg detection (98.4-100%) but differed considerably in specificity (84-99%). Failure to detect HBsAg antigen and differences in signal intensity were mainly associated with mutations in the preS/S gene outside the "a" determinant. © 2007 Springer-Verlag.	Genotype E; HBsAg; Nucleic acid amplification test; PreS/S gene	hepatitis B(e) antigen; nucleotide; antigen detection; article; diagnostic test; DNA sequence; gene mutation; genotype; Hepatitis B virus; human; immunoassay; major clinical study; Nigeria; priority journal; serum; signal transduction; virus gene; wild type; DNA, Viral; Genotype; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; Hepatitis B virus; Humans; Mutation; Protein Precursors; Sensitivity and Specificity; Variation (Genetics)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924777770	Further evaluation of uPA and PAI-1 as biomarkers for prostatic diseases	Akudugu J., Serafin A., Böhm L.	2015	Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology	141	4	10.1007/s00432-014-1848-3	Division of Radiobiology, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa	Akudugu, J., Division of Radiobiology, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Serafin, A., Division of Radiobiology, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Böhm, L., Division of Radiobiology, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa	Purpose: To assay for uPA and PAI-1 in prostate tissue from 40 patients with prostatic disease and to examine the robustness of the correlation of the uPA/PAI-1 ratio with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa), previously identified in a different cohort of 62 patients.Methods: uPA and PAI-1 were extracted from liquid N<inf>2</inf> frozen homogenised prostate tissue with TRIS/Triton pH 8.5 buffer and measured by ELISA (FEMTELLE).Results: The concentration of uPA (mean ± SD) was found to be 0.1177 ± 0.0266 (range 0.0070–0.7200; n = 30) and 0.1092 ± 0.0130 (range 0.0040–0.7800; n = 70) for PCa and BPH patients, respectively. The concentration of PAI-1 was found to be 5.236 ± 0.688 ng/mg protein (range 1.10–15.19; n = 30) and 4.975 ± 0.501 ng/mg protein (range 0.20–25.00; n = 70) for PCa and BPH patients, respectively. The mean uPA/PAI-1 ratio was found to be 0.0479 ± 0.0060 (range 0.0043–0.1200; n = 30) in PCa samples and was significantly higher than BPH samples where the ratio was 0.0332 ± 0.0023 (range 0.0040–0.0860; n = 70) (P = 0.0064). In PCa patients older than 68 years, the uPA/PAI-1 ratio was above 0.050 reaching 0.100 in 73-year-old patients.Conclusions: Evaluation of 100 patients with prostatic pathologies (70 PCa; 30 BPH) shows the uPA/PAI-1 ratios in PCa patients to be significantly higher than in BPH patients. This is fully consistent with a previous study on 62 patients (16 were PCa; 46 BPH) where the ratios were 0.055 and 0.031 for PCa and BPH patients, respectively (P = 0.0028). In older PCa patients, uPA/PAI-1 ratios tend to be higher. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Correlation with prostatic disease; Prostate tissue resections; uPA/PAI-1 markers	plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; urokinase; biological marker; plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; urokinase; adult; aged; Article; cancer patient; clinical evaluation; cohort analysis; correlational study; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; human; human tissue; major clinical study; male; middle aged; pH; priority journal; prostate cancer; prostate hypertrophy; very elderly; age; differential diagnosis; metabolism; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; sensitivity and specificity; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biological Markers; Diagnosis, Differential; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Sensitivity and Specificity; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator	CANSA, National Research Foundation; 85703, National Research Foundation; 92741, National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-26844564684	Evaluation of the efficacy of emodepside+praziquantel topical solution against cestone (Dipylidium caninum, Taenia taeniaeformis, and Echinicoccus multilocularis) infections in cats	Charles S.D., Altreuther G., Reinemeyer C.R., Buch J., Settje T., Cruthers L., Kok D.J., Bowman D.D., Kazacos K.R., Jenkins D.J., Schein E.	2005	Parasitology Research	97	SUPPL. 1	10.1007/s00436-005-1442-3	Bayer HealthCare LLC, Animal Health Division, KS, United States; Bayer HealthCare AG, Animal Health Division, R and D Parasiticides, 51368 Leverkusen, Germany; East Tennessee Clinical Research, Knoxville, TN, United States; Professional Laboratory Research Services, NC, United States; ClinVet International, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Cheri Hill Kennel R and D, MI, United States; School of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Medicine, Australian National University, ACT, Australia; Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Parasitology and International Animal Health, Berlin, Germany	Charles, S.D., Bayer HealthCare LLC, Animal Health Division, KS, United States; Altreuther, G., Bayer HealthCare AG, Animal Health Division, R and D Parasiticides, 51368 Leverkusen, Germany; Reinemeyer, C.R., East Tennessee Clinical Research, Knoxville, TN, United States; Buch, J., Bayer HealthCare LLC, Animal Health Division, KS, United States; Settje, T., Bayer HealthCare LLC, Animal Health Division, KS, United States; Cruthers, L., Professional Laboratory Research Services, NC, United States; Kok, D.J., ClinVet International, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Bowman, D.D., Cheri Hill Kennel R and D, MI, United States; Kazacos, K.R., Cheri Hill Kennel R and D, MI, United States; Jenkins, D.J., School of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Medicine, Australian National University, ACT, Australia; Schein, E., Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Parasitology and International Animal Health, Berlin, Germany	Emodepside+praziquantel topical solution was developed to provide broad-spectrum anthelmintic activity against gastrointestinal parasites in cats. Eight controlled studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a topical solution of emodepside (3 mg/kg) and praziquantel (12 mg/kg) (Profender®, Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Germany) against feline infections with three species of cestodes. Studies featured naturally acquired infections of Dipylidium caninum or Taenia taeniaeformis, or experimental infections with Echinococcus multilocularis that were placebo-controlled, randomized and blinded. Cats were euthanatized and necropsied between 2 and 11 days after treatment, depending on the target parasite. The efficacy of emodepside+praziquantel topical solution was 100% against D. caninum and T. taeniaeformis, and 98.5- 100% against E. multilocularis. No significant systemic or local adverse reactions to treatment were noted in cats that received the combination. Topical treatment of cats with emodepside+praziquantel topical solution was safe and highly effective against cestode infections.	None	anthelmintic agent; emodepside; placebo; praziquantel; profender; unclassified drug; anthelmintic activity; article; autopsy; cat; cestodiasis; controlled study; drug efficacy; Echinococcus multilocularis; euthanasia; intestine parasite; nonhuman; priority journal; safety; Taenia taeniaeformis; Administration, Topical; Animals; Anthelmintics; Cat Diseases; Cats; Cestoda; Cestode Infections; Depsipeptides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Praziquantel; Cestoda; Dipylidium caninum; Echinococcus multilocularis; Felidae; Taenia taeniaeformis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-46749150922	Laboratory evaluation of traditional insect/mosquito repellent plants against Anopheles arabiensis, the predominant malaria vector in Ethiopia	Karunamoorthi K., Mulelam A., Wassie F.	2008	Parasitology Research	103	3	10.1007/s00436-008-1001-9	School of Environmental Health Science, Public Health Faculty, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia	Karunamoorthi, K., School of Environmental Health Science, Public Health Faculty, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Mulelam, A., School of Environmental Health Science, Public Health Faculty, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Wassie, F., School of Environmental Health Science, Public Health Faculty, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia	Laboratory study was carried out to evaluate the repellent efficiency of most commonly known four traditional insect/mosquito repellent plants Wogert [vernacular name (local native language, Amharic); Silene macroserene], Kebercho [vernacular name (local native language, Amharic); Echinops sp.], Tinjut [vernacular name (local native language, Amharic); Ostostegia integrifolia], and Woira[vernacular name (local native language, Amharic); Olea europaea] against Anopheles arabiensis under the laboratory conditions. One hundred (4-5 days old) female A. arabiensis were introduced into the both 'control' and 'test' repellent chamber through the hole on top. Traditional charcoal stoves were used for direct burning. The experiment was conducted by applying the smoke into the repellent "test" mosquito cage by direct burning of 25 gm of dried plant materials (leaves and roots) until plant materials completely burned. The number of mosquitoes driving away from the "test" and "control" cage was recorded for every 5 min. In the present investigation, the results clearly revealed that the roots of S. macroserene has potent repellent efficiency (93.61%) and was the most effective. The leaves of Echinops sp. (92.47%), leaves of O. integrifolia (90.10%) and O. europaea (79.78%) were also effective. Roots of S. macroserene exhibited the highest repellent efficiency by direct burning. The present study identified these four traditional indigenous insect/mosquito repellent plant materials are very promising and can be used as safer alternative to modern synthetic chemical repellents against mosquito vectors of disease. Since people have been using these plants for some medicinal purposes, no side effects have been found. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.	None	charcoal; insect repellent; Anopheles; anopheles arabiensis; article; Asteraceae; burn; disease carrier; Ethiopia; higher plant; laboratory test; malaria; ostostegia europaea; ostostegia integrifolia; plant leaf; plant root; priority journal; silene macroserene; smoke; Animals; Anopheles; Disease Vectors; Ethiopia; Female; Insect Repellents; Olea; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots; Silene; Smoke; Anopheles arabiensis; Echinops (plant); Olea europaea; Silene	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-46749158635	Evaluation of leaf extracts of Vitex negundo L. (Family: Verbenaceae) against larvae of Culex tritaeniorhynchus and repellent activity on adult vector mosquitoes	Karunamoorthi K., Ramanujam S., Rathinasamy R.	2008	Parasitology Research	103	3	10.1007/s00436-008-1005-5	School of Environmental Health Science, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, P.O. Box No. 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India; Center for Research in Medical Entomology (ICMR), Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India	Karunamoorthi, K., School of Environmental Health Science, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, P.O. Box No. 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Ramanujam, S., Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India; Rathinasamy, R., Center for Research in Medical Entomology (ICMR), Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India	Petroleum ether (60-80°C) extracts of the leaves of Vitex negundo (Verbenaceae) were evaluated for larvicidal activity against larval stages of Culex tritaeniorhynchus in the laboratory. Larvae of C. tritaeniorhynchus were found more susceptible, with LC50 and LC90 values of 2.4883 and 5.1883 mg/l, respectively. Human volunteers wearing special terricot (68:32) fabrics, in the form of armbands, anklets, headbands, collar, and shoulder and pocket strips impregnated with V. negundo leaf extract were used, to test their repellent efficacy at two concentrations viz., 1.5 and 2.0 mg/cm2 under the field conditions. At 1.5-mg/cm2 concentration, more efficacies were found and 6-h complete protection against mosquito bites was provided. Complete protections for 8 h were found at 2.0 mg/cm2 against mosquitoes bites. These results clearly reveal that the V. negundo leaf extract served as a potential larvicidal agent against Japanese encephalitis vector C. tritaeniorhynchus and additionally acted as a promising repellent against various adult vector mosquitoes. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.	None	biomaterial; insecticide; larvicidal agent; Vitex negundo extract; article; concentration response; controlled study; Culex; culex tritaeniorhyncus; disease carrier; drug efficacy; epidemic encephalitis; insecticidal activity; larval stage; LC 50; mosquito; nonhuman; parasite vector; plant leaf; priority journal; Verbenaceae; Vitex; Animals; Culex; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Insect Repellents; Insecticides; Larva; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Survival Analysis; Vitex; Culex tritaeniorhynchus; Japanese encephalitis virus; Verbenaceae; Vitex negundo	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953285960	Laboratory evaluation of traditionally used plant-based insect repellent against the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis patton (Diptera: Culicidae)	Karunamoorthi K., Ilango K., Murugan K.	2010	Parasitology Research	106	5	10.1007/s00436-010-1797-y	Department of Environmental Health Science, Unit of Vector Biology and Control, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma, Ethiopia; Research and Development Center, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India; Zoological Survey of India, 130, Santhome High Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India	Karunamoorthi, K., Department of Environmental Health Science, Unit of Vector Biology and Control, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma, Ethiopia, Research and Development Center, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India; Ilango, K., Zoological Survey of India, 130, Santhome High Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Murugan, K., Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India	A laboratory study was carried out to evaluate the repellent efficacy of a methanol-leaf extract of Ethiopian traditionally used insect repellent plant viz., Lomi sar [vernacular name (local native language, Amharic); Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf. (Poaceae)] against Anopheles arabiensis at four different concentrations viz., 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mg/cm2. The percentage protection in relation to the dose method was performed. C. citratus extract has shown various degrees of repellency impact against A. arabiensis. It provided the maximum total percentage protection of 78.83% at 2.5 mg/cm2 and followed 68.06% at 2.0 mg/cm2 for 12 h. All four tested concentrations of C. citratus extract offered significant protection and Student's t test results shows statistically significant (p value=0.001) [1.0 mg/cm2 (t=22.89; df=4); 1.5 mg/cm2 (t=24.03; df=4); 2.0 mg/cm2 (t=36.92; df=4); 2.5 mg/cm2 (t=22.31; df=4)] difference between treated and control groups. The result suggests that it could serve as a potent insect repellent against vectors of disease. Globally, C. citratus is renowned for its therapeutic values. Above and beyond, due to its user- as well as environmental-friendly nature, it should be promoted among the marginalized populations in order to reduce man-vector contact. In addition, this appropriate strategy affords the opportunity to minimize chemical repellent usage and the risks associated with adverse side effects. At the end of the day, traditionally used plant-based insect repellents could be viable safer alternative sources for chemical insect repellents. © Springer-Verlag 2010.	None	insect repellent; Anopheles arabiensis; article; controlled study; Cymbopogon citratus; insect control; nonhuman; parasite vector; plant leaf; priority journal; protection; Animals; Anopheles; Cymbopogon; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Insect Repellents; Plant Extracts; Anopheles arabiensis; Culicidae; Cymbopogon citratus; Diptera; Hexapoda; Poaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903362394	In vivo antimalarial evaluation of MAMA decoction on Plasmodium berghei in mice	Adepiti A.O., Elujoba A.A., Bolaji O.O.	2014	Parasitology Research	113	2	10.1007/s00436-013-3680-0	Department of Pharmacognosy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Adepiti, A.O., Department of Pharmacognosy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Elujoba, A.A., Department of Pharmacognosy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Bolaji, O.O., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	The use of decoctions of different plant materials is common practice in antimalarial ethnomedicine in Africa. Scientific evaluation of such herbal combinations to verify the claims is important. The study has evaluated the antimalarial efficacy of MAMA decoction (MD), a multicomponent herbal preparation and its individual plant components, namely leaves of Morinda lucida Benth [Rubiaceae] (ML), Azadirachta indica A. Juss [Meliaceae] (AI), Alstonia boonei De Wild [Apocynaceae] (AB) and Mangifera indica L [Anacardiaceae] (MI) in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Each decoction was prepared by boiling the powdered leaf in water, concentrated in vacuo and freeze-dried. The acute toxicity of MD (LD50 = 3.8 g/kg) was determined using Lorke's method. The antimalarial activities of MD and its plant components were evaluated by oral administration of the freeze-dried extracts (15-240 mg/kg) using the early malaria infection test model. The established malaria infection test was used to evaluate MD (60-240 mg/kg) while amodiaquine [10 mg/kg] (AQ) and distilled water were employed as the positive and negative controls, respectively. From the early malaria infection test, the effective doses at 50 % (ED50) and 90 % (ED90) for MD, AB, AI, ML, MI and AQ were 43, 79, 140, 134, 208 and 3.9 mg/kg and 202, 276, 291, 408, 480 and 9.2 mg/kg, respectively. For the established infection test, MD (240 mg/kg) and AQ gave parasite clearance of 55 and 95 % on day 5 of treatment. MD possesses antimalarial activity and is relatively safe. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	None	Alstonia boonei extract; amodiaquine; antimalarial agent; Azadirachta indica extract; herbaceous agent; Mangifera indica extract; Morinda lucida extract; plant extract; unclassified drug; acute toxicity; Alstonia; alstonia boonei; animal experiment; antimalarial activity; article; Azadirachta indica; controlled study; female; freeze drying; in vivo study; LD 50; malaria; male; mango; Morinda lucida; mouse; nonhuman; parasite clearance; parasitemia; plant leaf; Plasmodium berghei; Plasmodium berghei infection; priority journal; treatment duration; Alstonia boonei; Anacardiaceae; Apocynaceae; Azadirachta indica; Mangifera indica; Meliaceae; Morinda lucida; Mus; Plasmodium berghei; Rubiaceae; Africa; Alstonia; Animals; Antimalarials; Azadirachta; Female; Malaria; Male; Mangifera; Medicine, Traditional; Mice; Morinda; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plasmodium berghei; Random Allocation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745425069	Keystone predators (eastern newts, Notophthalmus viridescens) reduce the impacts of an aquatic invasive species	Smith K.G.	2006	Oecologia	148	2	10.1007/s00442-006-0370-y	Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 569 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996-1610, United States; Florida Integrated Science Center, United States Geological Survey, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653, United States; Department of Zoology, School of Environmental Science and Development, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, 2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa	Smith, K.G., Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 569 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996-1610, United States, Florida Integrated Science Center, United States Geological Survey, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653, United States, Department of Zoology, School of Environmental Science and Development, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, 2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa	Predation, competition, and their interaction are known to be important factors that influence the structure of ecological communities. In particular, in those cases where a competitive hierarchy exists among prey species, the presence of certain keystone predators can result in enhanced diversity in the prey community. However, little is known regarding the influence of keystone predator presence on invaded prey communities. Given the widespread occurrence of invasive species and substantial concern regarding their ecological impacts, studies on this topic are needed. In this study I used naturalistic replications of an experimental tadpole assemblage to assess the influence of predatory eastern newts, Notophthalmus viridescens, on the outcome of interspecific competition among native and nonindigenous tadpoles. When newts were absent, the presence of the tadpoles of one invasive species, the Cuban treefrog, Osteopilus septentrionalis, resulted in decreased survival and growth rate of the dominant native species, Bufo terrestris, and dominance of the tadpole assemblage by O. septentrionalis. However, the presence of one adult newt generally reduced or eliminated the negative impacts of O. septentrionalis tadpoles, resulting in comparable survival and performance of native species in invaded and noninvaded treatments. Differential mortality among the tadpole species suggests that newts preyed selectively on O. septentrionalis tadpoles, supporting the hypothesis that newts acted as keystone predators in the invaded assemblage. The presence of nonindigenous larval cane toads, Bufo marinus, did not significantly affect native species, and this species was not negatively affected by the presence of newts. Collectively, these results suggest that eastern newts significantly modified the competitive hierarchy of the invaded tadpole assemblage and reduced the impacts of a competitively superior invasive species. If general, these results suggest that the presence of certain species may be an essential factor regulating the ecological impacts of biological invasions. © Springer-Verlag 2006.	Aquatic ecology; Biotic resistance; Competition; Nonindigenous species; Predation	biological invasion; competition (ecology); interspecific competition; predation; predator-prey interaction; animal; article; ecosystem; frogs and toads; growth, development and aging; larva; newt; physiology; predation; toad; Animals; Anura; Bufo marinus; Ecosystem; Larva; Notophthalmus viridescens; Predatory Behavior; Anura; Bufo marinus; Bufo terrestris; Notophthalmus; Notophthalmus viridescens; Osteopilus septentrionalis; Salamandridae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-43049138745	Impacts of large herbivorous mammals on bird diversity and abundance in an African savanna	Ogada D.L., Gadd M.E., Ostfeld R.S., Young T.P., Keesing F.	2008	Oecologia	156	2	10.1007/s00442-008-0994-1	Ornithology Section, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Division of International Conservation, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, ARLSQ 730, 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22203, United States; Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545, United States; Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Bard College, Box 5000, Annandale, NY 12504, United States	Ogada, D.L., Ornithology Section, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Gadd, M.E., Division of International Conservation, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, ARLSQ 730, 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22203, United States; Ostfeld, R.S., Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545, United States; Young, T.P., Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Keesing, F., Bard College, Box 5000, Annandale, NY 12504, United States	Large native mammals are declining dramatically in abundance across Africa, with strong impacts on both plant and animal community dynamics. However, the net effects of this large-scale loss in megafauna are poorly understood because responses by several ecologically important groups have not been assessed. We used a large-scale, replicated exclusion experiment in Kenya to investigate the impacts of different guilds of native and domestic large herbivores on the diversity and abundance of birds over a 2-year period. The exclusion of large herbivorous native mammals, including zebras (Equus burchelli), giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis), elephants (Loxodonta africana), and buffalos (Syncerus caffer), increased the diversity of birds by 30%. Most of this effect was attributable to the absence of elephants and giraffes; these megaherbivores reduced both the canopy area of subdominant woody vegetation and the biomass of ground-dwelling arthropods, and both of these factors were good predictors of the diversity of birds. The canopy area of subdominant trees was positively correlated with the diversity of granivorous birds. The biomass of ground-dwelling arthropods was positively correlated with the diversity of insectivorous birds. Our results suggest that most native large herbivores are compatible with an abundant and diverse bird fauna, as are cattle if they are at a relatively low stocking rate. Future research should focus on determining the spatial arrangements and densities of megaherbivores that will optimize both megaherbivore abundance and bird diversity. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.	Bird diversity; Cattle; Indirect effects; Kenya; Livestock; Megaherbivore	abundance; arthropod; bird; canopy; cattle; community dynamics; herbivore; livestock; mammal; plant community; savanna; species diversity; analysis of variance; animal; article; biodiversity; bird; ecosystem; feeding behavior; food chain; Kenya; mammal; physiology; population density; regression analysis; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Biodiversity; Birds; Ecosystem; Feeding Behavior; Food Chain; Kenya; Mammals; Population Density; Regression Analysis; Africa; East Africa; Kenya; Sub-Saharan Africa; Animalia; Arthropoda; Aves; Bos; Bubalus; Elephantidae; Equidae; Equus burchellii; Giraffa camelopardalis; Giraffidae; Loxodonta africana; Mammalia; Syncerus caffer	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901386136	Loss of a large grazer impacts savanna grassland plant communities similarly in North America and South Africa	Eby S., Burkepile D.E., Fynn R.W.S., Burns C.E., Govender N., Hagenah N., Koerner S.E., Matchett K.J., Thompson D.I., Wilcox K.R., Collins S.L., Kirkman K.P., Knapp A.K., Smith M.D.	2014	Oecologia	175	1	10.1007/s00442-014-2895-9	Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States; Marine Sciences Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States; Okavango Research Institute, Maun, Botswana; San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory, Milpitas, CA, United States; Scientific Services, Kruger National Park, Skukuza, South Africa; School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; South African Environmental Observation Network, Ndlovu Node, Scientific Services, Kruger National Park, Phalaborwa, South Africa; Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States	Eby, S., Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States; Burkepile, D.E., Marine Sciences Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States; Fynn, R.W.S., Okavango Research Institute, Maun, Botswana; Burns, C.E., San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory, Milpitas, CA, United States; Govender, N., Scientific Services, Kruger National Park, Skukuza, South Africa; Hagenah, N., School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Koerner, S.E., Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States; Matchett, K.J., School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Thompson, D.I., School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, South African Environmental Observation Network, Ndlovu Node, Scientific Services, Kruger National Park, Phalaborwa, South Africa; Wilcox, K.R., Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States; Collins, S.L., Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States; Kirkman, K.P., School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Knapp, A.K., Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States; Smith, M.D., Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States	Large herbivore grazing is a widespread disturbance in mesic savanna grasslands which increases herbaceous plant community richness and diversity. However, humans are modifying the impacts of grazing on these ecosystems by removing grazers. A more general understanding of how grazer loss will impact these ecosystems is hampered by differences in the diversity of large herbivore assemblages among savanna grasslands, which can affect the way that grazing influences plant communities. To avoid this we used two unique enclosures each containing a single, functionally similar large herbivore species. Specifically, we studied a bison (Bos bison) enclosure at Konza Prairie Biological Station, USA and an African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) enclosure in Kruger National Park, South Africa. Within these enclosures we erected exclosures in annually burned and unburned sites to determine how grazer loss would impact herbaceous plant communities, while controlling for potential fire-grazing interactions. At both sites, removal of the only grazer decreased grass and forb richness, evenness and diversity, over time. However, in Kruger these changes only occurred with burning. At both sites, changes in plant communities were driven by increased dominance with herbivore exclusion. At Konza, this was caused by increased abundance of one grass species, Andropogon gerardii, while at Kruger, three grasses, Themeda triandra, Panicum coloratum, and Digitaria eriantha increased in abundance. © 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Disturbance; Fire; Grazing; Plant community richness; Species diversity	dominance; herbivore; plant community; plant-herbivore interaction; ruminant; savanna; North America; South Africa; Andropogon; Andropogon gerardii; Bison; Bison bison; Digitaria (angiosperm); Digitaria eriantha; Panicum; Panicum coloratum; Poaceae; Syncerus caffer; Themeda triandra; animal; article; Bison; buffalo; ecosystem; fire; growth, development and aging; herbivory; Poaceae; South Africa; United States; Animals; Bison; Buffaloes; Ecosystem; Fires; Herbivory; Kansas; Poaceae; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907715549	Bottom-up impact on the cecidomyiid leaf galler and its parasitism in a tropical rainforest	Malinga G.M., Valtonen A., Nyeko P., Vesterinen E.J., Roininen H.	2014	Oecologia	176	2	10.1007/s00442-014-3024-5	Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, Joensuu, Finland; Department of Forestry, Biodiversity and Tourism, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland	Malinga, G.M., Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, Joensuu, Finland; Valtonen, A., Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, Joensuu, Finland; Nyeko, P., Department of Forestry, Biodiversity and Tourism, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Vesterinen, E.J., Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Roininen, H., Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, Joensuu, Finland	The relative importance of host-plant resources, natural enemies or their interactions in controlling the population of galling insects and their parasitism is poorly known for tropical gallers. In this study, we assessed the impacts of plant quality and density of host trees in regulating the densities of a galler species, the cecidomyiid leaf galler (Cecidomyiini sp. 1EJV) and its parasitoids and inquilines on Neoboutonia macrocalyx trees in Uganda. We manipulated the nutritional quality (or vigour) and the resource concentration with four levels each of fertilization and the group size of host tree. We then recorded the effects of these treatments on the growth rate and total leaf area of host plants, the density of gallers and their mortality by parasitoids and inquilines. Higher levels of fertilization and host density resulted in significantly higher total leaf area than did ambient nutrient levels, and lowest tree densities, respectively. Fertilization also caused significant change in the growth rate of leaf area. Both higher fertilization and host density caused higher density of gallers. Total leaf area was positively associated with galler density, but within galled replicates, the galled leaves were larger than the ungalled leaves. Although highest levels of fertilization and density of host trees caused significant change in the densities of parasitoids, the rate of parasitism did not change. However, tree-density manipulations increased the rate of inquilinism, but on a very low level. Our results demonstrate a trophic cascade in the tropical galler and its parasitoids as a response to bottom-up effects. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Plant quality; Plant vigour; Resource concentration; Trophic cascade; Tropical gallers	fertilization (reproduction); group size; growth rate; host plant; insect; parasitism; population density; rainforest; tropical forest; Uganda; Cecidomyiidae; animal; Diptera; Euphorbiaceae; fertilization; growth, development and aging; herbivory; Hymenoptera; parasitology; plant leaf; plant tumor; population density; rain forest; tree; Uganda; Animals; Diptera; Euphorbiaceae; Fertilization; Herbivory; Hymenoptera; Plant Leaves; Plant Tumors; Population Density; Rainforest; Trees; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84932648682	Impact of revascularization on hypertension in children with Takayasu’s arteritis-induced renal artery stenosis: a 21-year review	Ladapo T.A., Gajjar P., McCulloch M., Scott C., Numanoglu A., Nourse P.	2015	Pediatric Nephrology	30	8	10.1007/s00467-015-3049-y	Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos and Lagos University Teaching Hospital, PMB 12003, Lagos, Idi-Araba, Nigeria; Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Red Cross War Memorial Children’	Ladapo, T.A., Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos and Lagos University Teaching Hospital, PMB 12003, Lagos, Idi-Araba, Nigeria; Gajjar, P., Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, School of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; McCulloch, M., Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, School of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town., Cape Town, South Africa; Scott, C., Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, School of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Numanoglu, A., Pediatric Surgery, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, School of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town., Cape Town, South Africa; Nourse, P., Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, School of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Background: Surgery for reno-vascular hypertension (RVH) is complex, and the techniques utilized vary with anatomical presentations of the disease. The long-term outcome of revascularization on RVH in children with Takayasu’s arteritis (TA)-induced renal artery stenosis (RAS) at our centre was reviewed. Methods: This study was a 21-year retrospective review of pre- and post-intervention RVH in children with angiographically confirmed RAS. The outcome of hypertension was defined as follows: (1) cured (normotensive off anti-hypertensives), (2) improved (normotensive on same or reduced number of medications), or (3) failure (no cure or improvement in number of medications). Results: The medical histories of 59 children (median age 9.98 years) were reviewed, of whom 20 (44 %) had revascularization procedures. All were hypertensive, with a mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 161.5 ± 36 and 106.5 ± 31 mmHg, respectively. RAS was present in 45 (76.3 %) children. Twenty-four revascularization procedures were performed in 20 children (44 %), of whom five had contralateral nephrectomies. Outcome was available for 17 patients at the 3- and 6-months follow-up, with cure, improvement and failure rates at 3 months of 2/17 (11.8 %), 7/17 (41.2 %) and 8/19 (47 %), respectively, and similar rates at 6 months. Associations between outcome and age (p = 0.51), sex (p = 0.32), number of pre-surgery anti-hypertensives (p = 0.18) and stenosis sites (p = 0.22) were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Revascularization was beneficial to the management of blood pressure control in about half of our RVH patients. © 2015, IPNA.	Blood pressure; Children; Reno-vascular hypertension; Revascularization; Takayasu’s arteritis	antihypertensive agent; cyclophosphamide; methotrexate; methylprednisolone; prednisone; antihypertensive therapy; aorta arch syndrome; artery bypass; Article; autograft; blood pressure regulation; child; childhood disease; controlled study; diastolic blood pressure; female; follow up; human; immunosuppressive treatment; kidney artery stenosis; kidney surgery; major clinical study; male; medical history; medical record review; nephrectomy; outcome assessment; percutaneous transluminal angioplasty; priority journal; renovascular hypertension; retrospective study; revascularization; single drug dose; aorta arch syndrome; complication; Hypertension, Renovascular; kidney transplantation; procedures; Renal Artery Obstruction; treatment outcome; vascular surgery; Child; Female; Humans; Hypertension, Renovascular; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Renal Artery Obstruction; Retrospective Studies; Takayasu Arteritis; Treatment Outcome; Vascular Surgical Procedures	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920252018	Environmental impact assessment of a new nuclear power plant (NPP) based on atmospheric dispersion modeling	Aliyu A.S., Ramli A.T., Saleh M.A.	2014	Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment	28	7	10.1007/s00477-014-0856-9	Nuclear Laboratory, Department of Physics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Department of Physics, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria	Aliyu, A.S., Nuclear Laboratory, Department of Physics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia, Department of Physics, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria; Ramli, A.T., Nuclear Laboratory, Department of Physics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Saleh, M.A., Nuclear Laboratory, Department of Physics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia	The US Environmental Protection Agency’s short-range atmospheric dispersion model (AERMOD 12345) is a good candidate for radiological dose calculations to the general public and the environment. It advanced capability should provide better confidence in the accuracy of offsite dose and risk assessment. The code has been used to compute the scaling factors for air concentration and ground level deposition of fission products based on routine and hypothetical accident releases from the NPP site in Geregu, Nigeria (7°33′N, 6°41′E). All computations were within the 16 km emergency planing zone of a generic reactor design considered by the study. The scaling factors have been used to assess the potential environmental risk of the NPP using an integrated approach to the assessment and management of environmental risks from ionizing radiation (D-ERICA). Obtained results should provide baseline information for decision making in terms of operation license provision for the pioneer NPP. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	AERMOD; Atmosphere; Environmental risk; ERICA Tool; Nigeria; Nuclear power plant	Atmospheric movements; Decision making; Earth atmosphere; Environmental impact assessments; Environmental Protection Agency; Fission products; Ionizing radiation; Nuclear energy; Nuclear power plants; Nuclear reactor accidents; Risk assessment; Structural design; AERMOD; Air concentrations; Atmospheric dispersion modeling; Environmental risks; Integrated approach; Nigeria; Radiological dose; US Environmental Protection Agency; Environmental impact	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-63349100246	Equivalence of robust stabilization and robust performance via feedback	Ball J.A., Fang Q., Groenewald G.J., ter Horst S.	2009	Mathematics of Control, Signals, and Systems	21	1	10.1007/s00498-009-0037-4	Department of Mathematics, Virginia Tech., Blacksburg, VA 24061-0123, United States; Department of Mathematics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260-2900, United States; Department of Mathematics, North West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	Ball, J.A., Department of Mathematics, Virginia Tech., Blacksburg, VA 24061-0123, United States; Fang, Q., Department of Mathematics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260-2900, United States; Groenewald, G.J., Department of Mathematics, North West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; ter Horst, S., Department of Mathematics, Virginia Tech., Blacksburg, VA 24061-0123, United States	One approach to robust control for linear plants with structured uncertainty as well as for linear parameter-varying plants (where the controller has on-line access to the varying plant parameters) is through linear-fractional-transformation models. Control issues to be addressed by controller design in this formalism include robust stability and robust performance. Here robust performance is defined as the achievement of a uniform specified L 2-gain tolerance for a disturbance-to-error map combined with robust stability. By setting the disturbance and error channels equal to zero, it is clear that any criterion for robust performance also produces a criterion for robust stability. Counter-intuitively, as a consequence of the so-called Main Loop Theorem, application of a result on robust stability to a feedback configuration with an artificial full-block uncertainty operator added in feedback connection between the error and disturbance signals produces a result on robust performance. The main result here is that this performance-to-stabilization reduction principle must be handled with care for the case of dynamic feedback compensation: casual application of this principle leads to the solution of a physically uninteresting problem, where the controller is assumed to have access to the states in the artificially-added feedback loop. Application of the principle using a known more refined dynamic-control robust stability criterion, where the user is allowed to specify controller partial-state dimensions, leads to correct robust-performance results. These latter results involve rank conditions in addition to linear matrix inequality conditions. © Springer-Verlag London Limited 2009.	Linear fractional transformations; Linear matrix inequalities; Multidimensional linear systems; Output feedback; Robust performance; Robust stabilization	Linear fractional transformations; Multidimensional linear systems; Output feedback; Robust performance; Robust stabilization; Access control; Applications; Block codes; Controllers; Delay control systems; Feedback; Fuzzy control; Linear control systems; Mathematical operators; Mathematical transformations; Robust control; Robustness (control systems); Speed control; Stability criteria; Stabilization; Switching systems; System stability; Uncertain systems; Linear matrix inequalities	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953318777	Evaluation of new antiemetic agents and definition of antineoplastic agent emetogenicity - State of the art	Grunberg S.M., Warr D., Gralla R.J., Rapoport B.L., Hesketh P.J., Jordan K., Espersen B.T.	2011	Supportive Care in Cancer	19	SUPPL. 1	10.1007/s00520-010-1003-x	Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; North Shore-LIJ Cancer Institute, Lake Success, NY, United States; Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa; St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States; University of Halle, Halle, Germany; Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark	Grunberg, S.M.; Warr, D., Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Gralla, R.J., North Shore-LIJ Cancer Institute, Lake Success, NY, United States; Rapoport, B.L., Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa; Hesketh, P.J., St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States; Jordan, K., University of Halle, Halle, Germany; Espersen, B.T., Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark	Antiemetic drug development can follow the same logical path as antineoplastic drug development from appropriate preclinical models through Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III testing. However, due to the marked success of antiemetic therapy over the last 25 years, placebo antiemetic treatment against highly or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy is not acceptable. Promising antiemetic agents therefore rapidly reach Phase III testing, where they are substituted into or added to effective and accepted regimens. One challenge of antiemetic drug development is determining whether substitution is indeed acceptable or whether prior regimens must be maintained intact as a basis for further antiemetic drug development. An additional challenge is the classification of emetogenic level of new antineoplastic agents. Accurate reporting of emetogenicity of such antineoplastic agents in the absence of preventive antiemetic treatment may not be available. However, at the 2009 Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC)/European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) Consensus Conference, an expert panel used best available data to establish rankings of emetogenicity. Oral chemotherapeutic agents are ranked separately from intravenous agents, recognizing intrinsic differences in emetogenicity as well as differing schedules of administration. Since oral chemotherapeutic agents are often administered in extended regimens, the distinction between acute and delayed emesis is less clear, and cumulative emesis must be considered. As control of vomiting has improved, attention has shifted to control of nausea, a related but distinct and equally important problem. Additional efforts will be necessary to understand mechanisms of nausea and to identify optimal remedies. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.	Classification; Emetogenicity; Nausea; Vomiting	alemtuzumab; antiemetic agent; antineoplastic agent; azacitidine; bendamustine; carboplatin; carmustine; chlormethine; cisplatin; clofarabine; cyclophosphamide; cytarabine; dacarbazine; daunorubicin; docetaxel; doxorubicin; epirubicin; etoposide; idarubicin; ifosfamide; irinotecan; ixabepilone; methotrexate; mitoxantrone; oxaliplatin; paclitaxel; pemetrexed; streptozocin; topotecan; unindexed drug; article; chemotherapy induced emesis; drug classification; drug safety; drug screening; human; nausea; practice guideline; priority journal; Antiemetics; Antineoplastic Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dexamethasone; Drug Administration Routes; Drug Administration Schedule; Humans; Nausea; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Receptors, Neurokinin-1; Serotonin Antagonists; Vomiting	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051470936	Geochemical evaluation of Niger Delta sedimentary organic rocks: A new insight	Akinlua A., Torto N.	2011	International Journal of Earth Sciences	100	6	10.1007/s00531-010-0544-z	Department of Earth Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, P. O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Fossil Fuels and Environmental Research Group, Department of C	Akinlua, A., Department of Earth Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa, Fossil Fuels and Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Torto, N., Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, P. O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa	A geochemical evaluation of Niger Delta organic matter was carried out using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) sample preparation procedure. Comparison of geochemical significance of gas chromatographic data of rock extracts of SFE with those of Soxhlet extraction method from previous studies was made in order to establish the usefulness of SFE in geochemical exploration. The assessment of geochemical character of the rock samples from the comparison and interpretation of other geochemical parameters were used to give more insights into understanding the source rocks characteristics of onshore and shelf portions of the Niger Delta Basin. The results of the gas chromatographic (GC) analysis of the rock extracts across the lithostratigraphic units show that Pr/Ph, Pr/nC17, Pr/nC18, CPI and odd/even preference ranged from 0.07 to 12.39, 0.04 to 6.66, 0.05 to 13.80, 0.12 to 8.4 and 0.06 to 8.12, respectively. The Rock-Eval pyrolysis data and geochemical ratios and parameters calculated from the GC data showed that most of the samples are mature and have strong terrestrial provenance while a few samples have strong marine provenance. The few marine source rocks are located in the deeper depth horizon. Pr/Ph and standard geochemical plots indicate that most of samples were derived from organic matter deposited in less reducing conditions, i. e. more of oxidizing conditions while a few samples have predominantly influence of reducing conditions. The results of trace metal analysis of older samples from Agbada Formation also indicate marine and mixed organic matter input deposited in less reducing conditions. The results obtained in this study are comparable with those obtained from previous studies when Soxhlet extraction method was used and also indicated the presence of more than one petroleum systems in the Niger Delta. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.	Extraction; Niger Delta; Organic matter; Supercritical fluid	extraction method; gas chromatography; lithostratigraphy; organic matter; oxidation; pyrolysis; sediment chemistry; source rock; trace metal; Niger Delta; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856300509	Determination of the effect of probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on growth performance and hematological parameters of rabbits	Ezema C., Eze D.C.	2012	Comparative Clinical Pathology	21	1	10.1007/s00580-010-1066-6	Department of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria	Ezema, C., Department of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria; Eze, D.C., Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria	Insufficient supply of animal protein is a major problem in developing countries including Nigeria. Rabbits are adjudged to be a convenient source of palatable and nutritious meat, high in protein, and contain low fat and cholesterol. A doe can produce more than 15 times her own weight in offspring in a year. However, its productivity may be limited by inadequate nutrition. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation on growth performance and some hematological parameters of rabbit. The appropriate level of the probiotic inclusion for excellent health status and optimum productivity was also determined. A total of 40 male rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (A-D) of ten rabbits each. Each group was subdivided into two replicates of five rabbits each. They were fed pelleted grower mash ad libitum. The feed for groups A to C were supplemented with bioactive yeast (probiotic) at inclusion levels of 0.08, 0.12, and 0.16 g yeast/kg diet, respectively. Group D had no yeast (control). Daily feed intake was determined. The rabbits were weighed weekly. The packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration, white blood cell total, and differential counts were determined at the 8th week, 16th week, and 22nd week following standard procedures. The three results which did not have any significant difference were pooled together. Group A which had 0.08 g yeast/kg of diet had a significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05) PCV than groups B (which had 0.12 g yeast/kg of diet) and C (which had 0.16 g yeast/kg of diet) as well as D (the control). Total WBC count for groups B and C (14.35 ± 0.100 × 10 3/μl and 14.65 ± 0.786 × 10 3/μl, respectively) were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) than groups A and D (6.33 ± 0.335 × 10 3/μl and 10.40 ± 0.296 × 10 3/μl, respectively). Also the absolute neutrophils and lymphocytes counts were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) in groups B and C than in groups A and D. Group B had significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) weight gain (1.025 ± 0.006 kg/rabbit) followed by group A (0.950 ± 0.092 kg/rabbit). The control (group D) had the least weight gain of 0.623 ± 0.0.099 kg/rabbit. These results showed that like most probiotics, bioactive yeast at an appropriate level of inclusion had a significant beneficial effect on health status and growth rate of rabbit. Probiotic supplementation level of 0.12 g yeast/kg of diet was recommended for optimum rabbit production. © 2010 Springer-Verlag London Limited.	Feed; Growth rate; Health status; Probiotic; Rabbit	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870589404	Probiotic effect of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on haematological parameters and growth performance of pullets fed palm kernel cake-based diet	Ezema C., Ihedioha O.C., Ihedioha J.I., Okorie-Kanu C.O., Kamalu T.N.	2012	Comparative Clinical Pathology	21	6	10.1007/s00580-011-1250-3	Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, N	Ezema, C., Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ihedioha, O.C., Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ihedioha, J.I., Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Okorie-Kanu, C.O., Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Kamalu, T.N., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	This study evaluated the effect of probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on weight gain, haematological parameters and the onset of egg laying in pullets fed palm kernel cake-based diet. After brooding, 100 pullets were randomly selected and divided into four groups (A-D) of 25 birds each. Diets for groups A to C were supplemented with probiotic at varied levels of 0. 6, 0. 8 and 1. 0 g/kg of feed, respectively. Group D diet had no probiotic (control). The feed for all the groups was isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Daily feed intake was determined, and the birds were weighed weekly. At the 9th and 15th weeks of age, five birds were randomly selected from each group and about 3 ml of blood was collected from each for haematological analysis following the standard procedures. The result showed that the packed cell volume (PCV) was significantly (P < 0. 05) higher in group C (28. 78 ± 0. 061%) than the other groups. All the probiotic supplemented groups had higher total leukocyte and absolute lymphocyte count than the control. Results also showed significantly higher (P < 0. 05) weight gain among the probiotic supplemented groups compared with the control between the 6th and 10th weeks of age. The results revealed that at the point of lay (18th week) group C had higher final mean live weight (1. 48 ± 0. 02 kg/bird) than group D (unsupplemented control; 1. 40 ± 0. 09 kg/bird). Group B was the first to drop egg at the 18th week, followed by groups A and C at the 20th week, while the control started laying at the 22nd week. In conclusion, probiotic supplementation improved weight gain, increased PCV, haemoglobin concentration, total leukocyte count and absolute lymphocyte count. The probiotic also reduced time of onset of egg laying. Probiotic (S. cerevisiae) inclusion level of 1. 0 g/kg of diet was recommended for optimum pullet development. However, there is a need for further studies to determine the effect of this probiotic on hen-day performance and egg quality. © 2011 Springer-Verlag London Limited.	Haematological parameters; Palm kernel; Probiotic; Pullets; Saccharomyces cerevisiae	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879845317	Evaluation of anaemia in Nigerian goats using FAMACHA© eye colour chart: A preliminary study	Idika I.K., Iheagwam C.N., Nwobi L.G., Nwosu C.O.	2013	Comparative Clinical Pathology	22	4	10.1007/s00580-012-1456-z	Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Idika, I.K., Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Iheagwam, C.N., Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Nwobi, L.G., Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Nwosu, C.O., Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	A preliminary study was carried out on the possibility of using the FAMACHA eye colour chart to predict the level of anaemia in 280 Nigerian goats of varied ages slaughtered at the Nsukka abattoir, in Enugu State, Nigeria. Three indices of anaemia, namely packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) counts and haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations were compared with the colour of the ocular membranes of the goats. The colours of the ocular conjunctiva of all animals were scored on a 1-5 scale using the FAMACHA© card, and blood samples were collected from each animal for determination of PCV, RBC counts and Hb concentration. Correlations between eye colour scores and the duo of PCV and Hb concentrations were highly significant and negative. Haemonchus contortus was the most predominant gastrointestinal nematode parasite observed in the study with average larval recovery of 70.18 %. Age has no effect on the predictability of anaemia by the FAMACHA© technique. It was concluded that the FAMACHA method can be used by farmers in Nigeria to identify anaemic goats particularly in conditions of haemonchosis which is one of the main causes of anaemia in goats and the most predominant gastrointestinal nematode in small ruminants in the study area. It is, therefore, believed that these preliminary findings will form a basis for further work on validating the use of FAMACHA© in Nigerian goats. © 2012 Springer-Verlag London Limited.	Anaemia; FAMACHA; Hb concentration; Nigerian goats; PCV	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939877951	Effect of cement dust on reproductive performance and some physiological parameters in albino rats	Odo R.I., Mbegbu E.C., Nwosu K.C., Aba P.E., Aka L.O., Obidike I.R.	2015	Comparative Clinical Pathology	24	3	10.1007/s00580-014-1934-6	Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria	Odo, R.I., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria; Mbegbu, E.C., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria; Nwosu, K.C., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria; Aba, P.E., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria; Aka, L.O., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria; Obidike, I.R., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria	A total of 30 Albino rats of 12 weeks of age were sourced from Altran Farm in Nsukka and acclimatized for 3 weeks. Five males and five females were exposed to cement dust for 3 months at the Eastern Blocks and Concrete Industries Limited, Nsukka, Nigeria. Ten males and ten females were kept in an environment free from cement dust but within the same climatic zone and were the unexposed. The effect of cement dust was then determined on reproductive performance and some physiological parameters of the rats. The uterus of the exposed females showed significant decrease (p < 0.05) in weight (2.19 ± 0.05) when compared to that of the unexposed females (4.09 ± 0.55). The mean epididymal sperm reserve of the exposed males (12.25 ± 2.17) was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) when compared to that of the control group (18.46 ± 0.325). The mean testicular weight of the exposed males (1.03 ± 0.09) was significantly reduced when compared to the control (1.42 ± 0.026). The mean fetal weight and crown rump length of the offsprings from the exposed females (4.07 ± 0.17, 3.12 ± 0.09, respectively) were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) when compared to those of the offsprings from the unexposed females (5.64 ± 0.10, 5.36 ± 0.17, respectively). The mean number of offsprings from exposed males (6.00 ± 0.45) was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) when compared to that from unexposed males (9.80 ± 0.37). The hematological evaluation showed significant reductions (p < 0.05) in mean PCV, HB, RBC, and WBC of the exposed rats (27.50 ± 2.20, 8.31 ± 0.61, 3.61 ± 0.82, 4.70 ± 0.63, respectively) when compared to the unexposed (43.17 ± 3.52, 14.1 ± 0.72, 7.21 ± 0.45, 8.48 ± 0.86, respectively). The results of serum enzyme levels (AST, ALP, and ALT) of the exposed rats (87.12 ± 3.42, 93.87 ± 14.18, 45.06 ± 5.25, respectively) were significantly increased (p < 0.05) when compared to the unexposed rats (56.98 ± 8.38, 24.71 ± 2.11, 25.72 ± 2.96, respectively). © 2014, Springer-Verlag London.	Cement; Hematology; Offspring; Sperm; Uterus	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943363765	Histopathological evaluation of the osteogenic activity of autologous platelet-rich plasma in experimentally induced ulna defect in dogs	Nnaji T., Kene R., Chah K., Udegbunam S., Ogbanya K., Okpe G.	2015	Comparative Clinical Pathology	24	6	10.1007/s00580-015-2121-0	Department of Veterinary Surgery, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Nnaji, T., Department of Veterinary Surgery, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Kene, R., Department of Veterinary Surgery, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Chah, K., Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Udegbunam, S., Department of Veterinary Surgery, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ogbanya, K., Department of Veterinary Surgery, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Okpe, G., Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Variety of products and surgical approaches to stimulate biologic factors and promote osteogenesis have been developed over the years, but surgeons still face challenges relating to bone healing. This study was designed to evaluate the histopathologic effects of autologous platelet-rich plasma and cancellous bone grafts on caudolateral ulna ostectomy of Nigerian local dogs. Twelve healthy Nigerian indigenous dogs (males) were used for the study. They were randomly grouped into four viz: platelet-rich plasma-treated group (PRPG) (n = 3), cancellous bone graft-treated group (CBG) (n = 3), platelet-rich plasma/cancellous bone graft-treated group (PRP/CBG) (n = 3), and normal saline-treated control group (CG) (n = 3). Caudolateral ulna defects were created on the left ulna of each dog under general anesthesia and treated as follows: the PRPG were treated by application of autologous PRP on the defects prior to closure, the PRP/CBG defects were treated by applying both PRP and cancellous bone grafts on the defects, and CBG was treated with autologous cancellous bone grafts alone while the control defects were treated by applying normal saline on the defects prior to closure of the soft tissues. Animals were euthanized at week 10 and the bridging callus of the defects analyzed by histopathology. The PRP defects either in combination with cancellous bone grafts or alone demonstrated more matured lamella bone compared to the CBG and control defects. The control defects were characterized with fibrocartillagenous zones of intense cellular activities mainly of chondroblasts and oeteoblasts. The mean histologic indices of the PRPG and PRP/CBG defects varied significantly (p < 0.05) with the CBG and the control defects. The results showed that the PRP has a positive osteogenic effect in treatment of caudolateral ulna ostectomies of dogs but its activity was optimal when combined with autologous cancellous bone grafts. © 2015, Springer-Verlag London.	Bone defect; Bone graft; Dog; Osteogenesis; Platelet-rich plasma	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-58149459606	Biotribological evaluation of artificial disc arthroplasty devices: Influence of loading and kinematic patterns during in vitro wear simulation	Grupp T.M., Yue J.J., Garcia Jr. R., Basson J., Schwiesau J., Fritz B., Blömer W.	2009	European Spine Journal	18	1	10.1007/s00586-008-0840-5	Aesculap AG Research and Development, Tuttlingen, Germany; Ludwig Maximilian University, Clinic for Orthopaedic Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Munich, Germany; Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Orthopedic Care Center, Aventura, FL, United States; 6o of Freedom, Cape Town, South Africa; Biomechanical Research Laboratory, Aesculap AG Research and Development, Am Aesculap-Platz, 78532 Tuttlingen, Germany	Grupp, T.M., Aesculap AG Research and Development, Tuttlingen, Germany, Ludwig Maximilian University, Clinic for Orthopaedic Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Munich, Germany, Biomechanical Research Laboratory, Aesculap AG Research and Development, Am Aesculap-Platz, 78532 Tuttlingen, Germany; Yue, J.J., Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Garcia Jr., R., Orthopedic Care Center, Aventura, FL, United States; Basson, J., 6o of Freedom, Cape Town, South Africa; Schwiesau, J., Aesculap AG Research and Development, Tuttlingen, Germany; Fritz, B., Aesculap AG Research and Development, Tuttlingen, Germany; Blömer, W., Aesculap AG Research and Development, Tuttlingen, Germany	Wear simulation is an essential pre-clinical method to predict the mid- and long-term clinical wear behavior of newly introduced devices for total disc arthroplasty. The main requirement of a suitable method for spinal wear simulation has to be the ability to distinguish between design concepts and allow for a direct comparison of predicate devices. The objective of our study was to investigate the influence of loading and kinematic patterns based on two different protocols for spinal wear simulation (ISO/FDIS 18192-1 (2006) and ASTM F2423-05). In vitro wear simulation was performed with six activ ® L lumbar artificial disc devices (Aesculap Tuttlingen, Germany). The applied kinematic pattern of movement was multidirectional for ISO (elliptic track) and unidirectional with a curvilinear shape for ASTM. Testing was done for 10 million cycles in the ISO loading mode and afterwards with the same specimens for 5 million cycles according to the ASTM protocol with a customized six-station servohydraulic spinal wear simulator (EndoLab Thansau, Germany). Gravimetrical and geometrical wear assessment, a slide track analysis correlated to an optical surface characterization, and an estimation of particle size and morphology were performed. The gravimetric wear rate for the first 10 million cycles was ISOinitial = 2.7 ± 0.3 mg/million cycles. During the ASTM test period (10-15 million cycles) a gravimetric wear rate of 0.14 ± 0.06 mg/million cycles was estimated. The wear rates between the ISO and ASTM driven simulations differ substantially (approximately 20-fold) and statistical analysis demonstrates a significant difference (p &lt; 0.001) between the test groups. The main explanation of divergency between ISO and ASTM driven wear simulations is the multidirectional pattern of movement described in the ISO document resulting in a cross-shear stress on the polyethylene material. Due to previous retrieval observations, it seems to be very unlikely that a lumbar artificial disc is loaded with a linear wear path.Testing according to ASTM F2423-05 with pure unidirectional motion does not reflect the kinematics of TDA patients' daily activities. Based on our findings it seems to be more reliable to predict the clinical wear behavior of an artificial disc replacement using the ISO/FDIS 18192-1 method. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.	Lumbar total disc arthroplasty; Particle analysis; Pattern of movement; Wear simulation	polyethylene; arthroplasty; article; daily life activity; device; geometry; gravimetry; kinematics; lumbar spine; mechanical stress; methodology; morphology; particle size; priority journal; shear stress; simulation; Arthroplasty, Replacement; Biomechanics; Compressive Strength; Intervertebral Disk; Joint Prosthesis; Materials Testing; Polyethylene; Stress, Mechanical; Weight-Bearing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70449528631	Preparation of low temperature nano-structured ZnO and RhO2 on titanium substrates, and evaluation for phenol electro-catalytic oxidation	Klink M.J., Crouch A.M.	2009	Microchimica Acta	166	42371	10.1007/s00604-009-0157-z	Faculty of Science, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa	Klink, M.J., Faculty of Science, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; Crouch, A.M., Faculty of Science, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa	An approach based on a thermodynamical growth control concept of ZnO and RhO2 nano-structured metal oxides on a titanium substrate for electro-catalytic oxidation of phenol is demonstrated. These nano-structured metal oxide materials prepared via a low temperature thin film growth technique were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The effect of the method employed, i.e. three-dimensional arrays, could be clearly seen in the estimated values of surface roughness. The scanning electron technique confirmed the sizes of the metal titanium oxide materials in the nano range: The diameter of the ZnO rods ranges from 50-150 nanometers and the lengths from 1-2 μm. The diameters of RhO2 showed oval structures from 10-100 nanometers. Thermogravimetric analyses showed that at 450 °C and 800 °C (the calcination temperature) no further structural changes occurred due to mass loss for ZnO and RhO2 respectively. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) showed that both the Ti/ZnO and Ti/RhO2 nano-structured electrodes can be used for phenol electro-catalytic oxidation and that the Ti/RhO2 electrode can also be used as a sensor for the detection of phenol. © Springer-Verlag 2009.	Cyclic voltammetry (CV); Metal oxide nano-structures; Scanning electron microscopy (SEM); Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA)	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953120558	Tropical cyclones in the SW Indian Ocean. Part 2: Structure and impacts at the event scale	Chang-Seng D.S., Jury M.R.	2010	Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics	106	42433	10.1007/s00703-010-0059-y	Institute for Environment and Human Security, United Nations University, Bonn, Germany; Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR, United States; University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa	Chang-Seng, D.S., Institute for Environment and Human Security, United Nations University, Bonn, Germany; Jury, M.R., Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR, United States, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa	The southwest Indian Ocean (5°-20°S, 45°-70°E) experiences frequent tropical cyclones (TC) in the December-March season. In this paper, TC composite and case-study structure and impacts are studied using daily oceanic and atmospheric fields from model-reanalyzed data, satellite remote sensing, and in situ station data. The TC environment is characterized according to mean track: W-, SW-, and S-moving. Case studies of TC are investigated, and impacts such as storm surge and rainfall are evaluated through comparison of 'real' and 'model' datasets in the period since 1998. The northern sub-tropical jet stream is found to influence the intensity and track of TC in the SWIO. The composite SW-moving TC maintains intensity compared to the other tracks, which decline in strength. Variability is found in TC rainfall distribution, with maximum intensity in a spiral band 1-2 days before peak intensity, based on satellite estimates. There is a re-establishment of equatorial rainfall in the case of southward moving TC after peak intensity. The W-moving TC lacks monsoon inflow compared to the recurving TC. Comparisons are made between low-resolution model-estimated rainfall, various satellite products, and station-observed rainfall. TC spiral rain-band intensity is found to be similar to that reported elsewhere in the tropics, based on a limited sample of TRMM PR data and station reports. The satellite-derived daily rainfall out-performs NCEP reanalysis due to low resolution and underestimated diabatic heating. Similarly, the circulation within a 300-km radius of the composite TC is poorly resolved by re-analysis; winds, swells, and storm surges are too low by a factor of two compared with QuikSCAT and in situ measurements. This work will offer ways to adjust operational forecasts of winds, rainfall, and swells around tropical cyclones, so that TC risk and impacts are better managed. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.	None	atmospheric structure; in situ measurement; jet stream; monsoon; precipitation intensity; QuikSCAT; seasonality; storm surge; storm track; tropical cyclone; Indian Ocean; Indian Ocean (Southwest)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875399709	Investigation of the impact in variation of secondary radioclimatic variables on microwave at the lower atmosphere	Jonas A.U., Okechukwu U.D.	2013	Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics	120	02-Jan	10.1007/s00703-013-0234-z	Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 41010 Enugu State, Nigeria	Jonas, A.U., Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 41010 Enugu State, Nigeria; Okechukwu, U.D., Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 41010 Enugu State, Nigeria	The work discusses the effect in the variations of secondary radioclimatic parameters in Nsukka, Nigeria. The data collected from the measured atmospheric profile using two automatic wireless weather stations for 3 years were used to estimate the propagation condition, geoclimatic factor, and effective earth radius. The result shows that, the calculated median value of k-factor is 1. 595, with an absolute span of 0. 26 of the standard value of k-factor 1. 333 owing to the increase in relative humidity during the rainy seasons and intensive temperature inversion in the morning and early afternoon periods of December due to the dry harmattan for the season. Also, from the result super-refraction propagation condition was observed for about 7 months of a year, while ducting condition dominates the remaining 5 months in the region. The regression analysis of k-factor as a function of ground refractivity showed that the pair is strongly correlated (0. 9996). These results have not been obtained in the region and it will help in planning of radio wave line-of-sight for better signal reception. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Wien.	None	air temperature; microwave radiation; radio wave; regression analysis; relative humidity; Enugu [Nigeria]; Nigeria; Nsukka	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33750429282	Assessing the performance of global solar radiation empirical formulations in Kampala, Uganda	Mubiru J., Banda E.J.K.B., D'Ujanga F., Senyonga T.	2007	Theoretical and Applied Climatology	87	04-Jan	10.1007/s00704-005-0196-2	Department of Physics, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway	Mubiru, J., Department of Physics, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Banda, E.J.K.B., Department of Physics, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; D'Ujanga, F., Department of Physics, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Senyonga, T., Department of Physics, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway	Solar radiation incident on the Earth's surface is a determining factor of climate on Earth, hence having a proper solar radiation database is crucial in understanding climate processes in the Earth's atmosphere. Solar radiation data may be used in the development of insolation maps, analysis of crop growth and in the simulation of solar systems. Unfortunately, measured solar radiation data may not be available in locations where it is most needed. An alternative to obtaining observed data is to estimate it using an appropriate solar radiation model. The purpose of this study is to assess the performance of thirteen global solar radiation empirical formulations, in Kampala, Uganda, located in an African Equatorial region. The best performing formulations were determined using the ranking method. The mean bias error, root mean square error and t-statistic value were calculated and utilized in the ranking process. Results have shown that the formulation: H̄/ H̄0 = a + b(S̄/S̄0) + c(S̄/ S̄0)2 is ranked the highest and therefore is the recommended empirical equation for the estimation of the monthly mean global solar irradiation in Kampala, Uganda and in other African Equatorial locations with similar climate and terrain. © Springer-Verlag 2006.	None	empirical analysis; error analysis; numerical model; performance assessment; ranking; solar radiation; Africa; Central Province [Uganda]; East Africa; Kampala; Sub-Saharan Africa; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846060888	Performance of empirical correlations for predicting monthly mean daily diffuse solar radiation values at Kampala, Uganda	Mubiru J., Banda E.J.K.B.	2007	Theoretical and Applied Climatology	88	02-Jan	10.1007/s00704-006-0249-1	Department of Physics, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda	Mubiru, J., Department of Physics, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Banda, E.J.K.B., Department of Physics, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda	Existing literature lacks information on formulation and performance assessment of diffuse solar radiation models in the Eastern African region yet this region has a high potential for the utilization of solar energy. The objective of this paper is to assess the performance of seventeen diffuse solar irradiation empirical correlations, at Kampala, Uganda. The best performing correlations were determined using the ranking method. The normalized absolute mean bias error and root mean square error were computed and utilized in the ranking process. The results indicated that the correlations relating diffuse transmittance (H̄d/H̄0) with relative sunshine duration (S̄/S̄0) are more reliable for diffuse solar radiation predictions at least in the Uganda environment. These models are expressed in terms of first, second and third order polynomials of the relative sunshine duration and are particularly recommended for their simplicity and worldwide applicability. © Springer-Verlag 2006.	None	correlation; empirical analysis; error analysis; numerical model; ranking; solar radiation; Africa; Central Province [Uganda]; East Africa; Kampala; Sub-Saharan Africa; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-48449089170	Simulation of West African monsoon using RegCM3 Part II: Impacts of deforestation and desertification	Abiodun B.J., Pal J.S., Afiesimama E.A., Gutowski W.J., Adedoyin A.	2008	Theoretical and Applied Climatology	93	04-Mar	10.1007/s00704-007-0333-1	Department of Meteorology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Earth System Physics Group, International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy; Department of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, Loyola Marymount University,	Abiodun, B.J., Department of Meteorology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria, Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State University, 3134 Agronomy Building, Ames, IA, United States; Pal, J.S., Earth System Physics Group, International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy, Department of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Afiesimama, E.A., WMO Regional Research and Training Institute, Lagos, Nigeria; Gutowski, W.J., Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State University, 3134 Agronomy Building, Ames, IA, United States; Adedoyin, A., Department of Physics, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana	In this study, we investigate the feedback mechanisms between land cover and the monsoon in West African using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model (RegCM3). A series of multi-year simulations are performed using reanalysis boundary conditions under three idealised vegetation states (potential, desertified and deforested). The study shows that both desertification and deforestation tend to increase the monsoon flow over the Guinean region, although the mechanisms for change are different in each case. Desertification increases the flow mainly by increasing the meridional temperature gradient. While this reduces rainfall over the desertification region, it increases rainfall to the south. On the other hand, deforestation increases the monsoon flow mainly due to the reduced surface friction experienced by the flow over the Guinean region. This reduces rainfall over the entire West African region. The study furthershows that desertification and deforestation also increase the speed and specific humidity of the mid-tropospheric easterly flow, to the south of the African easterly jet. Consequently, the flow transports more moisture away from the West Africa region at the expense of low-level moisture, resulting in less moisture available for rainfall over the region. Overall, this study suggests that the state of the biosphere in West Africa may play an important role in determining the characteristics of the monsoon and rainfall pattern. © Springer-Verlag 2007.	None	biosphere; boundary condition; deforestation; desertification; feedback mechanism; land cover; monsoon; rainfall; regional climate; relative humidity; temperature gradient; troposphere; Africa; Guinea; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856514457	Assessment of the performance of the drag and bulk transfer method in estimating sensible and latent heat fluxes in a tropical station	Adeniyi M.O., Ogunsola O.E.	2012	Theoretical and Applied Climatology	107	04-Mar	10.1007/s00704-011-0496-7	Department of Physics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Adeniyi, M.O., Department of Physics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ogunsola, O.E., Department of Physics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The performance of the general bulk formulation in estimating sensible heat flux at Nigerian Micrometeorological Experimental site was assessed. Reliable sensible heat flux was estimated with the use of accurate diurnal values of transfer coefficient of sensible heat. The performances of one α, two β and a modified α formulations in the estimation of latent heat flux were also assessed at the station. The Lee and Pielke (β), modified Kondo (α), Jacquemin and Noilhan (α) and Noilhan and Planton (β) parameterizations gave good estimation of latent heat flux. The coefficient of determination (R 2) of the models between measured and estimated values were greater than 0. 7. Low diurnal mean absolute error and root mean squared error values were found between measured and estimated fluxes. All the parameterizations gave reliable latent heat flux when diurnal values of transfer coefficients of moisture were used. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.	None	estimation method; latent heat flux; parameterization; performance assessment; reliability analysis; sensible heat flux; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867098042	Shifts in IOD and their impacts on association with East Africa rainfall	Manatsa D., Chipindu B., Behera S.K.	2012	Theoretical and Applied Climatology	110	42371	10.1007/s00704-012-0610-5	Department of Geography, Bindura University of Science, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Department of Ocean Technology, Policy, and Environment, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Research Institute for Global Change/JAMSTEC, Yokosuka, Japan; Department of Physics, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe	Manatsa, D., Department of Geography, Bindura University of Science, Bindura, Zimbabwe, Department of Ocean Technology, Policy, and Environment, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Chipindu, B., Department of Physics, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Behera, S.K., Department of Ocean Technology, Policy, and Environment, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Research Institute for Global Change/JAMSTEC, Yokosuka, Japan	The decadal shift in the relationship between the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and the East African rainfall is investigated using historical observational data. The climate system for equatorial East Africa (EEA) during the October to December (OND) 'short rains' season is characterised by spatiotemporal variations of the equatorial East African rainfall (EEAR). Therefore, the EEAR index is derived from the first principal component of the empirical orthogonal function analysis (EOF) of the EEA's rainfall domain. The IOD, which has been linked with the EEAR in the previous studies, is the main climate mode controlling the tropical Indian Ocean during the OND period. It is usually represented by a dipole mode index based on the zonal gradient of SST anomalies in the tropical Indian Ocean. Therefore the climate modes, IOD and EEAR, are assumed to form a two-node network of subsystems which primarily control the climate of equatorial East Africa during the OND period. The collective behaviour of these climate modes is investigated through the examination of their representative indices for the period 1901 to 2009 using simple statistical techniques. The results suggest that the interaction between these two climate modes, which comprise the network, is not predominantly linear as previously assumed, but is characterised by shifts which are determined by the coupling and synchronisation processes of the tropical systems. In cases where synchronisation is preceded by an abrupt increase in coupling strength between the two subsystems, the established synchronous state is destroyed and a new climate state emerges such as in the years 1961 and 1997. This alteration in the regional climate is accompanied by notable changes in the regional rainfall and IOD variations. But in those events where synchronisation is followed by a sudden loss in coupling strength, the climate state is not disturbed and no shift in the climate of equatorial East Africa is noticed as in 1918. This climate shift mechanism appears to be consistent with the theory of synchronised chaos and is useful for long range predictions of the East African short rains. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.	None	empirical analysis; principal component analysis; rainfall; regional climate; sea surface temperature; spatiotemporal analysis; temperature anomaly; tropical environment; East Africa; Indian Ocean	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867099092	Modeling the impacts of reforestation on future climate in West Africa	Abiodun B.J., Adeyewa Z.D., Oguntunde P.G., Salami A.T., Ajayi V.O.	2012	Theoretical and Applied Climatology	110	02-Jan	10.1007/s00704-012-0614-1	Climate System Analysis Group, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Meteorology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Engineering, Fed	Abiodun, B.J., Climate System Analysis Group, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Adeyewa, Z.D., Department of Meteorology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Oguntunde, P.G., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Salami, A.T., Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Ajayi, V.O., Department of Meteorology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	This study investigates the potential impacts of reforestation in West Africa on the projected regional climate in the near two decades (2031-2050) under the SRES A1B scenario. A regional climate model (RegCM3) forced with a global circulation model (ECHAM5) simulations was used for the study. The study evaluates the capability of the regional model in simulating the present-day climate over West Africa, projects the future climate over the region and investigates impacts of seven hypothetical reforestation options on the projected future climate. Three of these reforestation options assume zonal reforestation over West Africa (i. e., over the Sahel, Savanna and Guinea), while the other four assume random reforestation over Nigeria. With the elevated GHGs (A1B scenario), a warmer and drier climate is projected over West Africa in 2031-2050. The maximum warming (+2. 5°C) and drying (-2 mm day -1) occur in the western part of the Sahel because the West Africa Monsoon (WAM) flow is stronger and deflects the cool moist air more eastward, thereby lowering the warming and drying in the eastern part. In the simulations, reforestation reduces the projected warming and drying over the reforested zones but increases them outside the zones because it influences the northward progression of WAM in summer. It reduces the speed of the flow by weakening the temperature gradient that drives the flow and by increasing the surface drag on the flow over the reforested zone. Hence, in summer, the reforestation delays the onset of monsoon flow in transporting cool moist air over the area located downwind of the reforested zone, consequently enhancing the projected warming and drying over the area. The impact of reforesting Nigeria is not limited to the country; while it lowers the warming over part of the country (and over Togo), it increases the warming over Chad and Cameroon. This study, therefore, suggests that using reforestation to mitigate the projected future climate change in West Africa could have both positive and negative impacts on the regional climate, reducing temperature in some places and increasing it in others. Hence, reforestation in West Africa requires a mutual agreement among the West African nations because the impacts of reforestation do not recognize political boundaries. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.	None	air temperature; atmospheric circulation; climate change; climate modeling; greenhouse gas; monsoon; reforestation; regional climate; temperature gradient; Cameroon; Chad; Guinea; Nigeria; Sahel [Sub-Saharan Africa]; Togo	None
WoS	WOS:000313654400002	Impact of intimate partner violence on anxiety and depression amongst women in Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Adewuya, O. A.,Afolabi, O.,Akinsulore, A.,Aloba, O. O.,Makanjuola, R. O. A.,Mapayi, Boladale,Mosaku, S. K.	2013	ARCHIVES OF WOMENS MENTAL HEALTH	16	1	10.1007/s00737-012-0307-x	Obafemi Awolowo University, Lagos State Univ	"Afolabi, O.: Obafemi Awolowo University","Akinsulore, A.: Obafemi Awolowo University","Aloba, O. O.: Obafemi Awolowo University","Makanjuola, R. O. A.: Obafemi Awolowo University","Mapayi, Boladale: Obafemi Awolowo University","Mosaku, S. K.: Obafemi Awolowo University",	Research into intimate partner violence in the Nigerian environment has been limited. The objective of this study was to determine, amongst a sample of women attending the Enuwa Primary Health Care Center, Ile-Ife, the association between intimate partner violence and anxiety/depression. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 373 women who attended the antenatal clinic and welfare units of a primary health centre in Ile-Ife using the Composite Abuse Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and a socio-demographic scale as instruments. Slightly over a third (36.7 %) reported intimate partner violence within the past year, 5.6 % had anxiety and 15.5 % were depressed. Anxiety and depression in the respondents were significantly associated with intimate partner violence. Women were ten times more likely to report being depressed and 17 times more likely to report anxiety if they were in violent relationships. This research has shown that the magnitude of intimate partner violence within the study population is comparable to those found in the developing countries. There are significant associations between intimate partner violence, anxiety and depression amongst the study population and this fact undoubtedly has implications for the mental health of the Nigerian woman.	Anxiety,DEPRESSION,Ile-Ife,"intimate partner violence","PRIMARY HEALTH",ABUSE,ADULT,GENERAL-PRACTICE,HEALTH,"HOSPITAL ANXIETY",MENTAL-DISORDERS,POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS,PREVALENCE,SCALE,SOUTH-AFRICA	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903869313	Evaluation of the antiradical activity of hyperjovinol-A utilizing donor-acceptor maps	Alfaro R.A.D., Gomez-Sandoval Z., Mammino L.	2014	Journal of Molecular Modeling	20	7	10.1007/s00894-014-2337-y	Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Villa de Álvarez, Mexico; Department of Chemistry, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa	Alfaro, R.A.D., Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Villa de Álvarez, Mexico; Gomez-Sandoval, Z., Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Villa de Álvarez, Mexico; Mammino, L., Department of Chemistry, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa	Hyperjovinol-A ((2-methyl-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-(3-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloct- 6-enyl)phen yl)propan-1-one) is an acylated phloroglucinol isolated from Hypericum Jovis and exhibiting good antioxidant activity. The study investigates the compound's antiradical ability on the basis of the electron-donor and electron-acceptor abilities of its conformers, deriving donor and acceptor indexes and mapping them in terms of donor-acceptor maps (DAM). The DAMs of vitamins C and E and of carotene astaxantine are used as comparison references. Calculations were performed at the DFT/BPW91/6-311+G(d,p) level, with optimizations on fully relaxed geometries to obtain the conformers of the neutral molecule in vacuo, and single point calculations to obtain the energies of the cationic and anionic species in vacuo and of the neutral, cationic, and anionic species in water, ethanol, and pentylethanoate. The calculations in solution utilized the polarizable continuum model (PCM). The results indicate that hyperjovinol-A may have better antiradical activity than vitamin C. This is in agreement with experimental results, showing that the antioxidant activity of hyperjovinol-A is comparable with that of the best drugs currently in clinical use. The activity is maintained in solution. The Fukui function f - was also calculated for all the conformers of hyperjovinol-A, to identify the regions of highest reactivity. © 2014 Springer-Verlag.	Acylphloroglucinols; Antioxidants; Antiradical activity; Donor-acceptor maps; Fukui functions; Hyperjovinol-A; Polyphenolic compounds	alcohol; anion; ascorbic acid; carotene; carotene astaxantine; cation; hyperjovinol A; phenol derivative; phloroglucinol derivative; unclassified drug; vitamin D; water; alpha tocopherol; ascorbic acid; carotenoid; free radical; hyperjovinol A; phloroglucinol; scavenger; antioxidant activity; antiradical activity donor-acceptor; article; controlled study; electron; geometry; Hypericum; Hypericum jovis; ionization; model; polarizable continuum model; priority journal; reaction analysis; analogs and derivatives; chemical structure; chemistry; comparative study; computer simulation; solubility; structure activity relation; Hypericum jovis; Ascorbic Acid; Carotenoids; Computer Simulation; Free Radical Scavengers; Free Radicals; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Phloroglucinol; Solubility; Structure-Activity Relationship; Vitamin E	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-58149117661	Evaluation and treatment of oral candidiasis in HIV/AIDS patients in Enugu, Nigeria	Oji C., Chukwuneke F.	2008	Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery	12	2	10.1007/s10006-008-0106-8	Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria	Oji, C., Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Chukwuneke, F., Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria	Introduction: Oral candidiasis is one of the common diseases seen in HIV/ AIDS patients. It is rare if CD4+ cell counts are above 500 μl. Outbreaks are more common as the count drops to 100 μl. It may be more difficult to treat when CD4+ cell counts fall below 50 μl. Materials and methods: A retrospective review of 112 HIV/AIDS patients with lesions in the mouth, head, and neck seen at the oral and maxillofacial surgery units of two public hospitals in eastern Nigeria was carried out between 2000 and 2003. The focus was on oral candidiasis patients. Twenty-nine of these patients, made up of 11 males and 18 females, had oral candidiasis. To compare the action of two drugs, namely, nystatin (a topical antifungal drug) and ketoconazole (a systemic antifungal drug), we treated 15 of the patients with nystatin in the first 2 years and the remaining 14 with ketoconazole in the following 2 years. Results and discussion: Amongst the 15 patients treated with topical drugs, 7 (46.7%) had complete remission, 2 (13.3%) had partial response, 4 (26.7%) remained stationary, and 2 (13.3%) died. Out of the 14 cases treated with systemic drugs, 11 (78.6%) had complete remission, 2 (14.3%) had partial response, and 1 (7.1%) died. © Springer-Verlag 2008.	Enugu; Evaluation; Nigeria; Oral candidiasis in HIV/AIDS; Treatment	antifungal agent; ketoconazole; mouthwash; nystatin; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adolescent; adult; aged; AIDS related complex; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; clinical trial; comparative study; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immune deficiency; male; middle aged; thrush; topical drug administration; treatment outcome; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Administration, Topical; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Oral; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Female; HIV Infections; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Ketoconazole; Male; Middle Aged; Mouthwashes; Nystatin; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879841426	Surfacial carbonized palygorskite as support for high-performance Pt-based electrocatalysts	Wang H., Luo R., Liao S., Key J., Ji S., Wang R.	2013	Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry	17	7	10.1007/s10008-013-2029-z	Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Guangdong Key Lab for Fuel Cell Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535 Cape Town, South Africa	Wang, H., Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Luo, R., Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Liao, S., Guangdong Key Lab for Fuel Cell Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Key, J., South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535 Cape Town, South Africa; Ji, S., South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535 Cape Town, South Africa; Wang, R., Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China	Pt nanoparticles deposited on a low-cost, surfacial, carbonized palygorskite (Pt/C-PLS) prepared by carbonizing sucrose were evaluated as a methanol oxidation catalyst for direct methanol fuel cells. Transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transfrom infrared spectrophotometry analyses revealed that carbon was formed on the surface of PLS and that free silica presented in the C-PLS support. The catalytic activity of methanol oxidation of Pt/C-PLS was higher than that of Pt/C, and the former catalyst had better CO tolerance. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Carbonization; Fuel cell; Methanol oxidation; Palygorskite; Pt nanoparticle	CO tolerance; Fourier; Free silicas; Infrared spectrophotometry; Methanol Oxidation; Palygorskites; Pt nanoparticles; Pt-based electrocatalyst; Carbonization; Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC); Electrocatalysts; Fuel cells; Methanol; Nanoparticles; Oxidation; Platinum; Transmission electron microscopy; Platinum alloys	20110490847, NSF, National Science Foundation; 2012 T50587, NSF, National Science Foundation of Science and Technology
Scopus	2-s2.0-43149102054	Ecological engineering by a mega-grazer: White Rhino impacts on a south African savanna	Waldram M.S., Bond W.J., Stock W.D.	2008	Ecosystems	11	1	10.1007/s10021-007-9109-9	Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa; Centre for Ecosystem Management, Edith Cowan University, 100 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia	Waldram, M.S., Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa; Bond, W.J., Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa; Stock, W.D., Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa, Centre for Ecosystem Management, Edith Cowan University, 100 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia	Herbivory can change the structure and spatial heterogeneity of vegetation. We ask whether all species of grazers in a savanna ecosystem can have this effect or whether megaherbivores (>1000 kg) have a 'special' role that cannot be replicated by other species of grazers. We performed a replicated landscape scale experiment that examined the effects of White Rhino on the grass sward, on other species of grazing mammals and on the movement of fire through the landscape. White Rhino maintained short grass ('lawn') patches in mesic areas (∼750 mm pa) with increases in grass sward height when they were removed. Other species of grazers were unable to maintain short grass communities when White Rhino were removed. In semi-arid areas (∼600 mm pa) other, smaller grazers were able to maintain short grass communities in the absence of White Rhino and sward height did not increase. White Rhino removals affected fire by increasing fuel loads and fuel continuity. This resulted in larger, less patchy fires. We propose that the White Rhino acts as an influential ecosystem engineer, creating and maintaining short grass swards, which alter habitat for other grazers and change the fire regime. These results indicate the existence of context-dependent facilitation between White Rhino and other grazers in mesic, but not in semi-arid, savannas. Such top down effects on the ecosystem may have been much more widespread before the extinction of large grazers in the Pleistocene. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Ecosystem engineers; Facilitation; Fire; Grazing; Keystone species; Megaherbivores; Pleistocene extinctions; Savanna; White Rhino	ecosystem engineering; experimental study; extinction; grass; grazing; herbivory; keystone species; Pleistocene; savanna; ungulate; wildfire; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Mammalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-81555205837	Relative Impacts of Elephant and Fire on Large Trees in a Savanna Ecosystem	Shannon G., Thaker M., Vanak A.T., Page B.R., Grant R., Slotow R.	2011	Ecosystems	14	8	10.1007/s10021-011-9485-z	Amarula Elephant Research Programme, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Pvt. Bag 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Scientific Services, Kruger National Park, Box 106, Skukuza 1350, South Africa	Shannon, G., Amarula Elephant Research Programme, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Pvt. Bag 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Thaker, M., Amarula Elephant Research Programme, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Pvt. Bag 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Vanak, A.T., Amarula Elephant Research Programme, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Pvt. Bag 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Page, B.R., Amarula Elephant Research Programme, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Pvt. Bag 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Grant, R., Scientific Services, Kruger National Park, Box 106, Skukuza 1350, South Africa; Slotow, R., Amarula Elephant Research Programme, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Pvt. Bag 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	Elephant and fire are considered to be among the most important agents that can modify the African savanna ecosystem. Although the synergistic relationship between these two key ecological drivers is well documented, it has proved much more difficult to establish the relative effects they have on savanna vegetation structure at a fine-scale over time. In this study, we explore the comparative impacts of fire and elephant on 2,522 individually identified large trees (≥5 m in height) in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Data were collected from 21 transects first surveyed in April 2006 and resurveyed in November 2008, to determine the relative importance of past damage by these agents on subsequent impacts and mortality. The occurrence of fire or elephant damage in 2006 affected the amount of tree volume subsequently removed by both these agents; elephant removed more tree volume from previously burned trees and the impact of subsequent fire was higher on previously burned or elephant-utilized trees than on undamaged trees. Mortality was also affected by an interaction between previous and recent damage, as the probability of mortality was highest for trees that suffered from fire or elephant utilization after being pushed over. Subsequent fire damage, but not elephant utilization, on debarked trees also increased the probability of mortality. Mortality was twice (4. 6% per annum) that of trees progressing into the ≥5 m height class, suggesting an overall decline in large tree density during the 30-month study period. The responses of large trees were species and landscape-specific in terms of sensitivity to elephant and fire impacts, as well as for levels of mortality and progression into the ≥5 m height class. These results emphasize the need for fine-scale site-specific knowledge for effective landscape level understanding of savanna dynamics. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	ecological drivers; elephant; fire; herbivory; savanna management; tree survival; vegetation dynamics; woody species	biological invasion; elephant; forest fire; habitat management; herbivory; mortality; population decline; probability; savanna; sensitivity analysis; spatiotemporal analysis; survival; synergism; transect; volume; woody plant; Kruger National Park; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79961075749	Evaluation of geologic and geomorphologic influences on borehole productivity in crystalline bedrock aquifers of Limpopo Province, South Africa	Holland M., Witthüser K.T.	2011	Hydrogeology Journal	19	5	10.1007/s10040-011-0730-5	Department of Geology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Institute for Groundwater Studies, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Holland, M., Department of Geology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Witthüser, K.T., Institute for Groundwater Studies, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Geologically complex crystalline aquifers underlie large parts of the semi-arid Limpopo Province where some of the greatest groundwater needs in South Africa occur. It is important to identify potentially high-yielding zones that can be targeted for water supply. The study covered four distinct geologic and morpho-structural domains within Limpopo Province, together covering about 23,500 km 2. Results from over 2,500 pumping test analyses indicate that bedrock type (e. g. pegmatite), lithological setting (e.g. aureole of granitoids), proximity and orientation of dykes and lineaments, topographic setting (e.g. slopes or valleys) and proximity of surface-water drainages may exert an influence on borehole productivity. No correlation between borehole productivity and weathering depth was found. Lineaments and dykes striking perpendicular to the current maximum horizontal stress seem to be more favourable targets, which is inconsistent with the predicted regime. Due to the complex geologic history, it is difficult to link open discontinuities to a distinct recent or past tectonic event. Regional stress-field data, as in this case, may not account for local, possibly highly significant, stress-field variations. The hydrogeologic importance of several factors related to groundwater occurrence, here presented, can be used as a working reference for future groundwater development programmes. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.	Crystalline rocks; Groundwater development; Lineaments; South Africa; Transmissivity	aquifer; bedrock; borehole; crystallinity; geological survey; geomorphological response; groundwater resource; hydrogeology; lithology; morphostructure; resource development; semiarid region; topographic effect; water supply; Limpopo; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922091077	Spatial analysis of groundwater potential using re